FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Calvey, CH Willis, LB Jeffries, TW AF Calvey, Christopher H. Willis, Laura B. Jeffries, Thomas W. TI An optimized transformation protocol for Lipomyces starkeyi SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Lipomyces starkeyi; Lithium acetate; Transformation; Oleaginous yeast ID INTACT YEAST-CELLS; CARRIER; DNA; SYSTEM; LIPIDS AB We report the development of an efficient genetic transformation system for Lipomyces starkeyi based on a modified lithium acetate transformation protocol. L. starkeyi is a highly lipogenic yeast that grows on a wide range of substrates. The initial transformation rate for this species was extremely low, and required very high concentrations of DNA. A systematic approach for optimizing the protocol resulted in an increase in the transformation efficiency by four orders of magnitude. Important parameters included cell density, the duration of incubation and recovery periods, the heat shock temperature, and the concentration of lithium acetate and carrier DNA within the transformation mixture. We have achieved efficiencies in excess of 8,000 transformants/A mu g DNA, which now make it possible to screen libraries in the metabolic engineering of this yeast. Metabolic engineering based on this transformation system could improve lipogenesis and enable formation of higher value products. C1 [Calvey, Christopher H.; Willis, Laura B.; Jeffries, Thomas W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Calvey, Christopher H.; Willis, Laura B.; Jeffries, Thomas W.] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Willis, Laura B.; Jeffries, Thomas W.] US Forest Serv, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM twjeffri@wisc.edu OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; Calvey, Christopher/0000-0002-7330-4983 FU Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER) [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Graduate School of University of Wisconsin-Madison; USDA Forest Products Laboratory FX This work was funded in part by the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). CHC was supported in part through a Grant entitled "Investigation of Lipid Accumulation in Lipomyces starkeyi" awarded by the Graduate School of University of Wisconsin-Madison to TWJ. CHC gratefully acknowledges Kenneth Hammel for sponsorship at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 EI 1432-0983 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 60 IS 3 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s00294-014-0427-0 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AM5CB UT WOS:000339872100010 PM 24728863 ER PT J AU Pighinelli, ALMT Boateng, AA Mullen, CA Elkasabi, Y AF Pighinelli, Anna L. M. T. Boateng, Akwasi A. Mullen, Charles A. Elkasabi, Yaseen TI Evaluation of Brazilian biomasses as feedstocks for fuel production via fast pyrolysis SO ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE bio-oil; sugarcane trash; E. benthamii; E. urophylla; E. urograndis; E. grandis ID FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR; BIO-OIL; COMPONENTS; CATALYSIS; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; WOOD AB Two Brazilian biomass samples, namely sugarcane trash and Eucalyptus benthamii were evaluated as feedstocks for liquid and solid fuels production by fast pyrolysis, using a fluidized bed reactor and two different sets of process conditions. In the first, an inert gas (N-2) was used as a fluidizing agent while in the second, a mixture of N-2 and recycled pyrolysis effluent gas, mainly CO, CO2, H-2 and light hydrocarbons, was used as the fluidizing agent and to also create a reducing reaction atmosphere for the process. Comparing both processes, the reducing atmosphere had a significant deoxygenation effect on the pyrolysis oil from the two feedstocks, improving the quality and stability of the oils by reducing water, total acid number (TAN), viscosity, and increasing the higher heating value (HHV). For both feedstocks, reduced amounts of acetic acid, acetol and levoglucosan, and increased amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons not initially present in the traditional bio-oil were observed for the organic fraction of the bio-oil. However, there was a reduction of 13.5 wt% (db) in the bio-oil yield from E. benthamii when a reactive atmosphere was used. Comparing both feedstocks, the eucalyptus yielded on the average, 50% more bin-oil than the sugarcane trash while the trash yielded 50% more permanent gas. Apart from the high ash content associated with biochar from sugarcane trash, biochar produced from both feedstock samples had similarities with bituminous coal in terms of moisture content, fixed carbon content, and heating values. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Pighinelli, Anna L. M. T.; Boateng, Akwasi A.; Mullen, Charles A.; Elkasabi, Yaseen] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Pighinelli, Anna L. M. T.] Embrapa Agroenergy, Brazilian Agr Res Corp, BR-70770901 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM anna.pighinelli@embrapa.br; alcwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov; charles.mullen@ars.usda.gov; yaseen.elkasabi@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0973-0826 J9 ENERGY SUSTAIN DEV JI Energy Sustain Dev. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 21 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.esd.2014.05.002 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA AM3TH UT WOS:000339775200006 ER PT J AU Freitas, MR Roche, LM Weixelman, D Tate, KW AF Freitas, Matthew R. Roche, Leslie M. Weixelman, Dave Tate, Kenneth W. TI Montane Meadow Plant Community Response to Livestock Grazing SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sierra Nevada; Riparian standards and guidelines; United State Forest Service; Public lands; Inyo National Forest; Kern Plateau ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RIPARIAN MEADOWS; SIERRA-NEVADA; WATER-TABLE; VEGETATION RESPONSES; STREAM; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; USA AB We examined long-term (10 years) meadow plant community responses to (1) livestock grazing under riparian grazing utilization limits; (2) suspension of livestock grazing; and (3) meadow site wetness and precipitation on the Inyo National Forest, California. Observed trends in meadow plant species richness, diversity, and frequency of soil stabilizing species were not significantly different between grazed (N = 16) and non-grazed (N = 9) study sites (P > 0.12 in all cases). Modest increases in richness and diversity were observed over the study period, but frequency of soil stabilizing species was constant. These results suggest that riparian conservation grazing strategies implemented during the study period neither degraded nor hampered recovery of meadow plant community conditions relative to non-grazed conditions. Meadow site wetness was negatively correlated to richness (P < 0.01) and diversity (P < 0.01), but was positively correlated to soil stabilization (P = 0.02). Precipitation was not a significant predictor for plant community responses. C1 [Freitas, Matthew R.; Roche, Leslie M.; Tate, Kenneth W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Weixelman, Dave] US Forest Serv, Nevada City, CA 95959 USA. RP Roche, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lmroche@ucdavis.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region FX This research was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region. David Lile, D. J. Eastburn, Kristin Oles, Kevin Rice, Andrew Latimer, Anne Yost, and Anton Jackson provided valuable assistance and insights in developing this manuscript. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 2 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0294-y PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM4CL UT WOS:000339799700011 PM 24849070 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, P Tsukamoto, C Singh, RJ Lee, JD Kim, HS Yang, SH Chung, G AF Krishnamurthy, Panneerselvam Tsukamoto, Chigen Singh, Ram J. Lee, Jeong-Dong Kim, Hong-Sig Yang, Seung-Hwan Chung, Gyuhwa TI The Sg-6 saponins, new components in wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.): polymorphism, geographical distribution and inheritance SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.; Soyasaponin polymorphism; Triterpene glycosides; Wild soybean; Soybean ID SUGAR CHAIN COMPOSITION; GROUP-A SAPONINS; MAX L. MERRILL; STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; SEED; SOYASAPOGENOL; POSITION AB Hypocotyl saponin composition of 1,198 accessions of wild soybean (Glycine soja) collected from China, Korea, Japan and Russia Far East was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography to determine polymorphic variation and geographical distribution. Eight common distinguishable saponin phenotypes were identified: Aa, Ab, AaBc, AbBc, Aa+alpha, Ab+alpha, AaBc+alpha and AbBc+alpha. The latter four +alpha type were new. All eight types were identified in China. Type Ab+alpha was absent in Korea. Types Ab+alpha and AbBc+alpha, and Aa+alpha and Ab+alpha were not identified in Japan and Russia far east, respectively. Six new triterpene saponins were detected in +alpha type via LC-PDA/MS/MS analyses. They were, tentatively, designated as H-alpha g, H-alpha a, I-alpha g, I-alpha a, J-alpha g and J-alpha a. These saponins were inherited together by a single dominant allele. A gene symbol Sg-6 was assigned. Hence, the new saponins were collectively named as Sg-6 saponins. The frequency of Sg-6 allele was 17.6 % in Chinese, 10.0 % in Korean and 1.0 % in Japanese wild soybean. The wild soybeans having Sg-6 saponins can be utilized in soybean breeding programs as well as in saponin biosynthesis studies in soybean. C1 [Krishnamurthy, Panneerselvam; Chung, Gyuhwa] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Chungnam 550749, Yeosu, South Korea. [Tsukamoto, Chigen] Iwate Univ, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. [Singh, Ram J.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lee, Jeong-Dong] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Div Plant Biosci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Kim, Hong-Sig] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Coll Agr Life & Environm Sci, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. [Yang, Seung-Hwan] Myongji Univ, Ctr Nutraceut & Pharmaceut Mat, Gyeonggi 449728, Yongin, South Korea. RP Chung, G (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Chungnam 550749, Yeosu, South Korea. EM chung@chonnam.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0013600] FX We thank Dr. Sang-Mi Sun for maintaining the germplasm collection. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0013600). NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD AUG PY 2014 VL 198 IS 3 BP 413 EP 424 DI 10.1007/s10681-014-1118-0 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AM4EE UT WOS:000339804800009 ER PT J AU Cingel, A Savic, J Cosic, T Zdravkovic-Korac, S Momcilovic, I Smigocki, A Ninkovic, S AF Cingel, Aleksandar Savic, Jelena Cosic, Tatjana Zdravkovic-Korac, Snezana Momcilovic, Ivana Smigocki, Ann Ninkovic, Slavica TI Pyramiding rice cystatin OCI and OCII genes in transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for resistance to Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Gene pyramiding; Co-transformation; Re-transformation; Oryzacystatins; Potato; Colorado potato beetle ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR; EXPRESSING ORYZACYSTATIN I; PLANT PROTEASE INHIBITORS; TOBACCO TISSUE CULTURES; GLOBODERA-PALLIDA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; METHYL JASMONATE; OILSEED RAPE; GROWTH AB Proteinase inhibitors oryzacystatins I and II (OCI and OCII) have shown potential in controlling pests that utilize cysteine proteinases for protein digestion. In order to achieve an additive effect against Colorado potato beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) digestive proteinases, we combined two individual OC genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Desiree, Dragaevka and Jelica. The OC genes were stacked into the potato genome by simultaneous co-transformation with both OCI and OCII genes or by sequential re-transformation of an OCI-expressing transgenic line with an OCII gene. Low constitutive and high wound-induced transcript levels of both OCI and OCII genes, directed by the inducible pin2 promoter, were detected in all doubly transformed lines from all three cultivars. Both recombinant OCs, detected by immunoblot, were in an active conformation as shown by their strong papain inhibitory activity. Although no significant differences in CPB larval mortality were observed when larvae fed on OCI/OCII transformed or control potato foliage, expression of both OCI and OCII in potato plants caused a reduction in CPB adult body weight and in weight of foliage consumed, indicating an additive effect. Overall, these results show that pyramiding of the OCI and OCII genes could be an effective strategy for breeding cultivars exhibiting elevated levels of resistance to CPB. C1 [Cingel, Aleksandar; Savic, Jelena; Cosic, Tatjana; Zdravkovic-Korac, Snezana; Momcilovic, Ivana; Ninkovic, Slavica] Univ Belgrade, Inst Biol Res Sinisa Stankovic, Belgrade 11060, Serbia. [Smigocki, Ann] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Baltimore, MD 20705 USA. RP Cingel, A (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Inst Biol Res Sinisa Stankovic, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade 11060, Serbia. EM cingel@ibiss.bg.ac.rs FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia [ON173015] FX This research was funded by Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia (Project ON173015). NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD AUG PY 2014 VL 198 IS 3 BP 425 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s10681-014-1119-z PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AM4EE UT WOS:000339804800010 ER PT J AU Pruitt, JR Tonsor, GT Brooks, KR Johnson, RJ AF Pruitt, J. Ross Tonsor, Glynn T. Brooks, Kathleen R. Johnson, Rachel J. TI End user preferences for USDA market information SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE Best-worst scaling; Livestock; Public information; Value of information; Agricultural data ID PRODUCTION FORECASTS; FUTURES MARKET; FOOD SAFETY; BEEF; PRODUCTIVITY; EXPECTATIONS; AGRICULTURE; EFFICIENCY; PORK AB Buyers and sellers of agricultural commodities benefit from public provision of information in decision-making processes. The purpose of this study is to improve understanding of current preferences for public agricultural information. Results indicate preference for farm level reports by Extension agents and leading economic indicators by agribusiness or market analysts. Implications are outlined for ongoing discussions regarding maintenance of public investment in an era of tightening U.S. federal budgets. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pruitt, J. Ross] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Tonsor, Glynn T.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Brooks, Kathleen R.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Agr Econ, Lincoln, NE USA. [Johnson, Rachel J.] USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Pruitt, JR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, 101 Martin D Woodin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rpruitt@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 EI 1873-5657 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD AUG PY 2014 VL 47 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.04.008 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AM2QQ UT WOS:000339696300003 ER PT J AU Garcia-Montero, LG Moreno, D Monleon, VJ Arredondo-Ruiz, F AF Garcia-Montero, Luis G. Moreno, Domingo Monleon, Vicente J. Arredondo-Ruiz, Fernando TI Natural production of Tuber aestivum in central Spain: Pinus spp. versus Quercus spp. brules SO FOREST SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE summer truffle; Tuber aestivum; truffle culture; truffle ecology; Pinus spp.; Quercus spp. ID TRUFFLE CULTIVATION; MELANOSPORUM; VITTAD.; SOIL AB Aim of study: Tuber aestivum is the most widespread edible truffle, with increasing commercial interest. This species can produce carpophores with conifer hosts, in contrast with the inability of Pinus spp. to induce fruiting in other truffle species such as Tuber melanosporum. Therefore the objective is to compare the characteristics and carpophore production of T. aestivum brines associated with Pinus spp. versus Quercus spp. Area of study: We studied the natural habitats of T. aestivum in the Alto Tajo Nature Reserve in central Spain. Material and methods: During 5 years, we monitored the production of carpophores and brine size of 145 T aestivum brides associated with Pinus nigra subsp. salzmanni and P sylvestris and Quercus ilex subsp. ballota and Q. faginea hosts. Statistical treatment was performed using the Statistica Program v. 6. Main results: The size of brines associated with Pinus was significantly smaller than that of brines associated with Quercus. However, carpophore production per brine, and especially for brines of similar size, was greater when the host plant was a pine. After accounting for brine size, the production of brines associated with Pinus spp. was 2.23 (95% CI, between 1.35 and 3.69) and 1.61(95% CI, between 1.02 and 2.54) times greater than the production of brines associated with Quercus faginea and Q. ilex subsp. ballota, respectively. Research highlights: The considerable ability of Pinus nigra subsp. salzmanni and P sylvestris to form effective brines and to produce carpophores of Tuber aestivum in natural conditions was clearly demonstrated, and suggest that those species can be of use in the culture of T. aestivum. C1 [Garcia-Montero, Luis G.; Moreno, Domingo; Arredondo-Ruiz, Fernando] Tech Univ Madrid UPM, Dept Forest Engn, ETS Ingenieros Montes, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Monleon, Vicente J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Garcia-Montero, LG (reprint author), Tech Univ Madrid UPM, Dept Forest Engn, ETS Ingenieros Montes, Ciudad Univ S-N, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM luisgonzaga.garcia@upm.es FU Spanish Ministry of Education [PR2011-0548] FX We express our gratitude to Justo, Jose Mari, Vicente, Rodrigo and all truffle collectors of the Alto Tajo. This work has been supported by the grant of Spanish Ministry of Education "Programa Salvador de Madariaga" Ref. PR2011-0548. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 22 PU INST NACIONAL INVESTIGACION TECHNOLOGIA AGRARIA ALIMENTARIA PI MADRID PA CTRA CORUNA KM 7 5, MADRID, 28040, SPAIN SN 2171-5068 EI 2171-9845 J9 FOREST SYST JI For. Syst. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 394 EP 399 DI 10.5424/fs/2014232-05112 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AM1YT UT WOS:000339645900022 ER PT J AU Lawson, SS Pijut, PM Michler, CH AF Lawson, Shaneka S. Pijut, Paula M. Michler, Charles H. TI The cloning and characterization of a poplar stomatal density gene SO GENES & GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Stomatal density; Tree physiology; Poplar; Transgenics ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SECRETORY PEPTIDE; FLOWERING PLANT; TRANSFORMATION; STRESS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; TRANSPIRATION; GENOTYPES AB EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR1 (EPF1) is a well characterized negative regulator of cell division in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtEPF1) where the primary region of localization is the leaf. However, little data have been reported on the role of EPF1 in other plant species. In this study, the EPF1 gene from Arabidopsis and the newly identified poplar ortholog from Populus trichocarpa (PtaEPF1) were overexpressed in a hybrid poplar genotype. We attempted to identify the physiological role of PtaEPF1. Gene overexpression experiments were performed to determine if and how stomatal density (SD) numbers were affected. The poplar 717-1B4 (P. tremula x P. alba) genotype was used in the study. Results presented here suggest that overexpression of PtaEPF1 and AtEPF1 in poplar led to significantly altered SD and also affected transgenic water stress tolerance. Overexpression of AtEPF1 in 717-1B4 led to the most dramatic decrease in SD while overexpression of PtaEPF1 in 717-1B4 significantly increased SD in several transgenic lines, an indication that EPF1 may have additional functions in poplar. Also, abnormalities in leaf morphology were discovered that indicated overexpression of AtEPF1 or PtaEPF1 in poplar triggered aberrant phenotypes not seen in other published Arabidopsis studies, an indication of additional pathway involvement. C1 [Lawson, Shaneka S.; Pijut, Paula M.; Michler, Charles H.] Purdue Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn,Dept Forestry & Nat Resources,HT, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lawson, SS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn,Dept Forestry & Nat Resources,HT, 715 West State St,PFEN126A, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM shaneka.lawson@gmail.com RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 FU Fred M. van Eck Foundation; Alliance for Graduate Education and Professoriate (AGEP) at Purdue University FX This study was financed by fellowships from the Fred M. van Eck Foundation and the Alliance for Graduate Education and Professoriate (AGEP) at Purdue University. The authors thank Drs. Martin-Michel Gauthier and John Gordon for their comments and critiques of earlier versions of this manuscript. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1976-9571 EI 2092-9293 J9 GENES GENOM JI Genes Genom. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 36 IS 4 BP 427 EP 441 DI 10.1007/s13258-014-0177-x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA AM4IU UT WOS:000339818000003 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, P Lee, JM Tsukamoto, C Takahashi, Y Singh, RJ Lee, JD Chung, G AF Krishnamurthy, Panneerselvam Lee, Jae Min Tsukamoto, Chigen Takahashi, Yuya Singh, Ram J. Lee, Jeong Dong Chung, Gyuhwa TI Evaluation of genetic structure of Korean wild soybean (Glycine soja) based on saponin allele polymorphism SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Center of diversity; Glycine soja; Saponin allele combination; Saponin polymorphism; Wild soybean ID ZUCC. ACCESSIONS; DIVERSITY; SEED; SOYASAPOGENOL; SIEB. AB Korean wild soybeans (Glycine soja) hypocotyl exhibit seven common saponin allele combinations: Sg-1 (a) /sg-4/sg-6 (phenotype: Aa), Sg-1 (b) /sg-4/sg-6 (Ab), Sg-1 (a) /Sg-4/sg-6 (AaBc), Sg-1 (b) /Sg-4/sg-6 (AbBc), Sg-1 (a) /sg-4/Sg-6 (Aa + alpha), Sg-1 (a) /Sg-4/Sg-6 (AaBc + alpha) and Sg-1 (b) /Sg-4/Sg-6 (AbBc + alpha). Diversity of saponin allele frequency (H-af) and saponin allele combination frequency (H-acf) was evaluated by Shannon-Weaver Index that was ranged from 0.75 to 1.04 and 0.28 to 1.25, respectively. High values of H-af and H-acf were found in Jeollanam-do and its adjoining regions Jeollabuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. The genetic index of Korean wild soybean increased towards south from north and west from east regions. The frequency of Sg-1 (b) and Sg-6 allele combinations increased towards south region (Jeollanam-do). These results suggest that Jeollanam-do region is the primary center of diversity, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do regions are the secondary center of diversity and the remaining regions (Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Jeju-do) are the tertiary center of diversity for soyasaponin polymorphism in Korea. Furthermore, saponin allele frequency distribution suggested that alleles Sg-1 (b) and Sg-6 dispersed from Jeollanam-do to other regions of Korea. Our findings have laid the foundation for uncovering genetic diversity in Korean wild soybeans that could be exploited in soybean breeding programs. C1 [Krishnamurthy, Panneerselvam; Lee, Jae Min; Chung, Gyuhwa] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Yeosu 550749, Chonnam, South Korea. [Tsukamoto, Chigen; Takahashi, Yuya] Iwate Univ, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. [Singh, Ram J.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Dept Crop Sci,Natl Soybean Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lee, Jeong Dong] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Div Plant Biosci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. RP Tsukamoto, C (reprint author), Iwate Univ, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. EM chigen@iwate-u.ac.jp; chung@chonnam.ac.kr FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0013600] FX We thank Dr. Sang-Mi Sun for maintaining the germplasm collection. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0013600). NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 EI 1573-5109 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1121 EP 1130 DI 10.1007/s10722-014-0095-4 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AM5GF UT WOS:000339884200009 ER PT J AU Malik, AA Vashisht, VK Singh, K Sharma, A Singh, DK Singh, H Monforte, AJ McCreight, JD Dhillon, NPS AF Malik, Ajaz A. Vashisht, V. K. Singh, Kuldeep Sharma, Abhishek Singh, D. K. Singh, Hira Monforte, A. J. McCreight, James D. Dhillon, Narinder P. S. TI Diversity among melon (Cucumis melo L.) landraces from the Indo-Gangetic plains of India and their genetic relationship with USA melon cultivars SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; Genetic diversity; Landraces; Resistance; SSRs ID POWDERY MILDEW; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; VAR. MOMORDICA; HUMID TROPICS; RESISTANCE; CUCURBITACEAE; ORIGIN; CLASSIFICATION; CHUJUC AB We report here the first broad genetic characterization of farmer-developed landraces of melon (Cucumis melo L.) from the Indo-Gangetic plains of India, an area overlooked in previous melon genetic diversity analyses of Indian melon germplasm. Eighty-eight landraces from three melon Groups in two subspecies (C. melo subsp. agrestis Momordica Group, and C. melo subsp. melo Cantalupensis Group and Reticulatus Group) were collected from the four agro-ecological regions (six sub-regions) of two northern states of the Indo-Gangetic plains of India, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Significant differences were found among the landraces and eight USA Reticulatus Group reference cultivars for 18 plant and fruit traits: no. of primary branches per plant, days to marketable maturity, sex expression, fruit shape, flesh colour, netting, no. of fruit per plant, fruit weight, shelf life, total soluble solids (A degrees Bx), ascorbic acid (mg/100 g), titratable acidity (%), fruit length and diameter, seed cavity length and diameter, flesh thickness, and resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus. The three melon groups differed significantly for 10 of the plant and fruit traits. Cantalupensis Group and Reticulatus Group accessions were andromonoecious, and the Momordica Group was monoecious. Neighbour-joining (NJ) tree and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) of simple sequence repeat loci also revealed a high level of genetic variability in this germplasm. The 96 melon genotypes clustered into five groups in the NJ tree analysis: the 16 Indian Reticulatus Group accessions and eight USA reference cultivars formed a distinct group; and the 60 Cantalupensis Group accessions clustered in four other groups with the 12 Momordica Group accessions in a distinct subgroup of one of the Cantalupensis groups. The FCA plot largely confirmed the NJ tree with three distinct groups, one for each melon group. The close affinity of the Indian and USA Reticulatus melons was not unexpected, but it is not clear whether it was inherent in the group and maintained as Reticulatus melons moved from India through Central Asia and Europe to North America, or the result of recent intercrossing of Indian landraces with the USA-derived cultivars and selection for a broad range of Reticulatus type melons. C1 [Malik, Ajaz A.; Vashisht, V. K.; Sharma, Abhishek; Singh, Hira] Punjab Agr Univ, Dept Vegetable Sci, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. [Singh, Kuldeep] Punjab Agr Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. [Singh, D. K.] GB Pant Univ Agr & Technol, Dept Vegetable Sci, Pantnagar 263145, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Monforte, A. J.] Univ Politecn Valencia, IBMCP, CSIC, CPI, Valencia 46022, Spain. [McCreight, James D.] ARS, USDA, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Dhillon, Narinder P. S.] Kasetsart Univ, AVRDC World Vegetable Ctr, East & Southeast Asia Res & Training Stn, Kamphaeng Saen 73140, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. RP Dhillon, NPS (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, AVRDC World Vegetable Ctr, East & Southeast Asia Res & Training Stn, Kamphaeng Saen 73140, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. EM narinder.dhillon@worldveg.org RI MONFORTE, Antonio Jose/B-4784-2009 OI MONFORTE, Antonio Jose/0000-0003-3461-3094 NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 EI 1573-5109 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1189 EP 1208 DI 10.1007/s10722-014-0101-x PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AM5GF UT WOS:000339884200014 ER PT J AU Scotch, M Lam, TTY Pabilonia, KL Anderson, T Baroch, J Kohler, D DeLiberto, TJ AF Scotch, Matthew Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Pabilonia, Kristy L. Anderson, Theodore Baroch, John Kohler, Dennis DeLiberto, Thomas J. TI Diffusion of influenza viruses among migratory birds with a focus on the Southwest United States SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Influenza in birds; Phylogeography; Southwestern United States ID WILD AQUATIC BIRDS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; A VIRUSES; NORTH-AMERICA; FLYWAY; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; PREVALENCE; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; ALASKA AB The Southwest United States, including Arizona and New Mexico, has a diverse climate and is home to many different avian species. We sequenced the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of twenty influenza specimens for the years 2007-2009. This included four from Arizona, and sixteen from New Mexico. We analyzed the sequences and determined the following HA subtypes: H3, H4, H6, H8, and H11. For each subtype, we combined our virus sequences with those from a public database, and inferred phylogeographic models of influenza diffusion. Statistical phylogeography indicated that overall evolutionary diffusion of avian influenza viruses is geographically structured (p < 0.05). In addition, we found that diffusion to the Southwest was often from nearby states including California. For H3, H4 and H6, the intra-flyway gene flow rates were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than those of inter-flyway. Such rate difference was also observed in H8 and H11, yet, without statistical significance (p = 0.132, p = 0.190, respectively). Excluding any one flyway from the calculation generated similar results, suggesting that such barrier effect on gene flow rates is not exclusively produced by any single flyway. We also calculated the Bayes factor test for the significant non-zero rates between states and identified significant routes both within and across flyways. Such inter-flyway spread of influenza was probably the result of birds from four flyways co-mingling on breeding grounds in northern regions or marshaling on staging areas post breeding in Canada or Alaska, before moving south each fall. This study provides an initial analysis of evolutionary diffusion of avian influenza virus to and from the Southwest United States. However, more sequences from this region need to be generated to determine the role of host migration and other factors on influenza diffusion. (C) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scotch, Matthew] Arizona State Univ, Coll Hlth Solut, Dept Biomed Informat, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Scotch, Matthew] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Environm Secur, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ USA. [Scotch, Matthew] Arizona State Univ, Secur & Def Syst Initiat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Pabilonia, Kristy L.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biol Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Anderson, Theodore] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Baroch, John; Kohler, Dennis; DeLiberto, Thomas J.] Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Scotch, M (reprint author), Dept Biomed Informat, Samuel C Johnson Res Bldg,13212 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. EM matthew.scotch@asu.edu RI Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk/D-4837-2012; OI Scotch, Matthew/0000-0001-5100-9724 FU National Library of Medicine [R00LM009825]; Arizona State University/Mayo Clinic seed grant FX The project described was supported by award number R00LM009825 from the National Library of Medicine and an Arizona State University/Mayo Clinic seed grant to Matthew Scotch. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Library of Medicine, the National Institutes of Health, or Arizona State University and the Mayo Clinic. The authors would like to thank Christina Weller for her work on virus isolation. The authors would also like to thank the Arizona State University Advanced Computing Center (A2C2) for the use of the Saguaro supercomputer. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 26 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.029 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA AM6ED UT WOS:000339954500025 PM 24910106 ER PT J AU Chen, HL Zhangl, HY Throne, JE Zhu, KY AF Chen, Hao-Liang Zhangl, Hong-Yu Throne, James E. Zhu, Kun Yan TI Transcript analysis and expression profiling of three heat shock protein 70 genes in the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ectoparasitoid; gene expression; Habrobracon hebetor; heat shock protein 70; phylogenetic analysis; quantitative RT-PCR ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; HSP70 MULTIGENE FAMILY; LARVAL DIAPAUSE; UP-REGULATION; SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; QUANTITATIVE PCR; INSECT DIAPAUSE; TERMINAL DOMAIN; THERMAL-STRESS AB Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known as chaperones that help with folding of other proteins when cells are under environmental stresses. The upregulation of HSPs is essential for cold survival during insect diapause. The ectoparasitoid Habrobraconhebetor, a potential biological control agent, can enter reproductive diapause when reared at low temperature and short photoperiod. However, the expression of HSPs during diapause of H. hebetor has not been studied. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the full-length complementary DNAs of three Hsp70 genes (HhHsp70I, HhHsp70II and HhHsp70III) from H. hebetor. Their deduced amino acid sequences showed more than 80% identities to their counterparts from other insect species. However, the multiple sequence alignment among the three deduced amino acid sequences of HhHsp70s showed only 46% identities. A phylogenetic analysis of the three HhHsp70s and all other known Hsp70 sequences from Hymenoptera clustered all the Hsp70s into four groups, and the three HhHsp70s were distributed into three different groups. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression of the three HhHsp70 genes in H. hebetor reared at different conditions was quite different. HhHsp70I showed higher relative expression when H. hebetor were reared at 27.5 degrees C than at two lower temperatures (17.5 degrees C and 20 degrees C) regardless of the photoperiod, whereas HhHsp70II showed higher expression when H. hebetor were reared at 20 degrees C and 10 : 14 L : D than when reared at 17.5 degrees C and either 16: 8 L: D or 10 : 14 L : D. In contrast, HhHSP70III was expressed at similar levels regardless of the rearing conditions. These results may suggest functional differences among the three HhHsp70 genes in H. hebetor. C1 [Chen, Hao-Liang; Zhangl, Hong-Yu] Huazhong Agr Univ, Hubei Insect Resources Utilizat & Sustainable Pes, State Key Lab Agr Microbiol, Inst Urban & Hort Pests,Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Chen, Hao-Liang] Anhui Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect & Agroprod Safety, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Chen, Hao-Liang; Throne, James E.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. [Chen, Hao-Liang; Zhu, Kun Yan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Zhangl, HY (reprint author), Huazhong Agr Univ, Hubei Insect Resources Utilizat & Sustainable Pes, State Key Lab Agr Microbiol, Inst Urban & Hort Pests,Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM hongyu.zhang@mail.hzau.edu.cn; kzhu@ksu.edu FU China National Science and Technology Project of the 11th Five-Year Plan [2006BAI09B04-06, 2006BAD02A18-03]; Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China [CARS-27]; China Scholarship Council FX The authors thank Judy Johnson (USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA) for providing Habrobracon hebetor used in the study, Rizana Mahroof for her helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript, and Ann Redmon, Xin Zhang, Jianxiu Yao, Yanhui Lu and Guanghui Tang for their technical assistance. This research was supported by the China National Science and Technology Project of the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006BAI09B04-06 and 2006BAD02A18-03), the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China (CARS-27) to H.Y. Zhang, and a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council to H.L. Chen. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture or Kansas State University. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This is contribution no. 13-027-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1672-9609 EI 1744-7917 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 21 IS 4 BP 415 EP 428 DI 10.1111/1744-7917.12032 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AM1YV UT WOS:000339646100002 PM 23956228 ER PT J AU Legendre, B Eggleston, G Birkett, H Mrini, M Zehuaf, M Chabaa, S Assarrar, M Mounir, H AF Legendre, B. Eggleston, G. Birkett, H. Mrini, M. Zehuaf, M. Chabaa, S. Assarrar, M. Mounir, H. TI How to manage sugarcane in the field and factory following damaging freezes SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE freeze deterioration; Leuconostoc bacteria; mannitol; dextran; brown leaves ID TRASH AFFECTS PRODUCTION; GREEN CANE BILLETS AB Exposure of sugarcane to damaging frosts occurs in approximately 25% of the sugarcane producing countries world-wide. A series of damaging freezes, -2.6, -3.3 and -2.1 degrees C, occurred in Morocco on 4, 5 and 13 February 2012, respectively, only 2 weeks after the commencement of the harvest season. Furthermore, the sugarcane had not reached maturity with factory sugar recovery yields under 8.0%. The use of pH (litmus) paper in the field is considered a good indicator of possible deterioration of the juice when the pH is 5.0 or less, and can be used to define the level of topping to remove the deteriorated portion of the stalk prior to milling. In all, thirty fields of the three leading varieties, CP 70-321, CP 66-346, and L 62-96, were inspected. Only 13% of the fields had a juice pH of 5.0 or less which was generally limited to the uppermost internodes. The worst damage occurred in fields with cane yields of <40 t/ha, regardless of variety, and which had received no irrigation water and were harvested after June 2011, the previous year. Concentrations of mannitol and/or dextran in the juice are much more reliable indicators of sugarcane Leuconostoc deterioration. Because of high levels of brown leaves (>10%) in delivered cane, there were high levels of polysaccharide found in the juice that contributed to the measurement of high haze dextran levels; however, the absence of mannitol confirmed little or no deterioration had occurred from the growth of Leuconostoc. The key to success in reducing significant losses through deterioration when freezes occur are good management and close cooperation between growers and processors. Final recommendations on how to manage a freeze in both the field and factory are described. C1 [Legendre, B.; Birkett, H.] Louisiana State Univ, Audubon Sugar Inst, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. [Eggleston, G.] USDA ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA USA. [Mrini, M.; Zehuaf, M.; Chabaa, S.; Assarrar, M.; Mounir, H.] Sucreries Raffineries Cannes SURAC, Sidi Kassem, Morocco. RP Legendre, B (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Audubon Sugar Inst, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. EM blegendre@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1388 BP 610 EP 616 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA AM4ZE UT WOS:000339863900042 ER PT J AU Harlow, BE Lawrence, LM Kagan, IA Flythe, MD AF Harlow, B. E. Lawrence, L. M. Kagan, I. A. Flythe, M. D. TI Inhibition of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria and Streptococcus bovis by hops (Humulus lupulus L.) beta-acid SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate overload; feed additive; horse; natural product; non-structural carbohydrates ID IN-VITRO MODEL; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA; CARBOHYDRATE OVERLOAD; RUMEN BACTERIA; LAMINITIS; HORSES; ANTIBIOTICS; RESPONSES; HINDGUT AB Aims: The goals of this study were to determine if beta-acid from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) could be used to control fructan fermentation by equine hindgut micro-organisms, and to verify the antimicrobial mode of action on Streptococcus bovis, which has been implicated in fructan fermentation, hindgut acidosis and pasture-associated laminitis (PAL) in the horse. Methods and Results: Suspensions of uncultivated equine faecal microorganisms produced fermentation acids when inulin (model fructan) was the substrate, but beta-acid (i.e. lupulone) concentrations >= 9 ppm inhibited lactate production and mitigated the decrease in pH. Inulin-fermenting Strep. bovis was isolated from the beta-acid-free suspensions after enrichment with inulin. The isolates were sensitive to beta-acid, which decreased the viable number of streptococci in faecal suspensions, as well as growth, lactate production and the intracellular potassium of Strep. bovis in pure culture. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hops beta-acid prevented the growth of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria, and that the mechanism of action was dissipation of the intracellular potassium of Strep. bovis. Significance and Impact of the Study: Bacterial hindgut fermentation of grass fructans has been linked to PAL and other metabolic disorders in horses. Hops beta-acid is a potential phytochemical intervention to decrease the growth of bacteria responsible for PAL. C1 [Harlow, B. E.; Lawrence, L. M.; Flythe, M. D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kagan, I. A.; Flythe, M. D.] ARS, USDA, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY USA. [Kagan, I. A.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Flythe, MD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, USDA, ARS, N-220 Ag Sci North, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM michael.flythe@ars.usda.gov RI Flythe, Michael/F-2500-2010; OI Flythe, Michael/0000-0002-8868-9169; Harlow, Brittany/0000-0002-2269-351X FU Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station [13-07-138]; USDA-ARS, National Program [215] FX The information reported in this article (No. 13-07-138) is part of a project of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and is published with the approval of the Director. Support was provided by USDA-ARS, National Program 215. S. S. Steiner (Yakima, WA, USA) donated the 'Beta-bio' hops extract that was used in the study. The authors acknowledge the technical assistance of Gloria Gellin and Taylor Donley. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 117 IS 2 BP 329 EP 339 DI 10.1111/jam.12532 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AL9SE UT WOS:000339480300003 PM 24775300 ER PT J AU London, LEE Price, NPJ Ryan, P Wang, L Auty, MAE Fitzgerald, GF Stanton, C Ross, RP AF London, L. E. E. Price, N. P. J. Ryan, P. Wang, L. Auty, M. A. E. Fitzgerald, G. F. Stanton, C. Ross, R. P. TI Characterization of a bovine isolate Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 which produces an exopolysaccharide composed predominantly of mannose residues SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exopolysaccharide; heteropolysaccharide; Lactobacillus mucosae; ropy; stability ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; RHAMNOSUS GG; EXTRACELLULAR PHOSPHOPOLYSACCHARIDE; INTESTINAL LACTOBACILLI; PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLI; ACTIVATION; BULGARICUS; STRESS; GENES; MUCUS AB Aims: To characterize Lactobacillus strains with EPS-producing ability compared with non-EPS-producing lactobacilli of the same species for technological performance including simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions. Methods and Results: Characterization of EPS-producing Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 in detail based on 16S rRNA sequencing, and EPS production using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. The EPS was found to consist of mannosyl residues, with mannose, glucose and galactose found to be the major sugar residues present in an approximate ratio of 3: 2: 2. The strain was compared to non-EPS-producing Lact. mucosae DPC 6420 following exposure to salt, bile, acid and heat stresses. Lact. mucosae DPC 6426 exhibited twofold increased (P < 0.05) survival during 120-min exposure to 5 mol NaCl, threefold increased survival during 90-min exposure to 0.7% (w/v) bile (P < 0.05), threefold increased survival when exposed to simulated gastric juice (P < 0.001) for 10 min and fivefold increased survival during 60-min exposure to HCl (P < 0.01) compared with Lact. mucosae DPC 6420. Furthermore, Lact. mucosae DPC 6426 was found to be more heat tolerant (P < 0.001) compared with Lact. mucosae DPC 6420 during 30-min exposure to 55 degrees C. Conclusions: These data indicate that the EPS-producing Lact. mucosae DPC 6426 exhibits technological and biological robustness compared with a non-EPS-producing Lact. mucosae strain. Significance and Impact of the Study: The data implicate the potential suitability of EPS-producing Lact. mucosae DPC 6426 in food applications and/or as a probiotic culture. C1 [London, L. E. E.; Ryan, P.; Wang, L.; Auty, M. A. E.; Stanton, C.; Ross, R. P.] TEAGASC, Moorepk Food Res Ctr, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland. [London, L. E. E.; Fitzgerald, G. F.; Stanton, C.; Ross, R. P.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Alimentary Pharmabiot Ctr, Cork, Ireland. [Price, N. P. J.] ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. [Ryan, P.; Fitzgerald, G. F.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Microbiol, Cork, Ireland. RP Ross, RP (reprint author), TEAGASC, Moorepk Food Res Ctr, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland. EM paul.ross@teagasc.ie RI Ross, reynolds/A-7584-2015; Stanton, Catherine/A-9549-2015 OI Ross, reynolds/0000-0003-4876-8839; Stanton, Catherine/0000-0002-6724-7011 FU FIRM under the National Development Plan; FP7 (EC) [289517]; Enterprise Ireland [CF/2013/3030]; Teagasc Walsh Fellowship; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI); SFI CSET grant [07/CE/B1368] FX This work was funded in part by FIRM under the National Development Plan, 2000-2006, FP7 funded FIBEBIOTICS: Dietary Fibers supporting Gut and Immune Function (EC proposal No 289517) and Enterprise Ireland (Contract CF/2013/3030). L.E.E. London was in receipt of a Teagasc Walsh Fellowship, 2007-2010. The Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre is a research centre funded by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI). The authors and their work were supported by SFI CSET grant 07/CE/B1368. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 117 IS 2 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1111/jam.12542 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AL9SE UT WOS:000339480300020 PM 24833280 ER PT J AU Winstral, A Marks, D Gurney, R AF Winstral, Adam Marks, Danny Gurney, Robert TI Assessing the Sensitivities of a Distributed Snow Model to Forcing Data Resolution SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIVER-BASIN; SPECTRAL ALBEDO; RADIATION MODEL; MOUNTAIN BASINS; TERRAIN; DEPTH; PRECIPITATION; ACCUMULATION; VERIFICATION; CATCHMENT AB Highly heterogeneous mountain snow distributions strongly affect soil moisture patterns; local ecology; and, ultimately, the timing, magnitude, and chemistry of stream runoff. Capturing these vital heterogeneities in a physically based distributed snow model requires appropriately scaled model structures. This work looks at how model scale-particularly the resolutions at which the forcing processes are represented-affects simulated snow distributions and melt. The research area is in the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwestern Idaho. In this region, where there is a negative correlation between snow accumulation and melt rates, overall scale degradation pushed simulated melt to earlier in the season. The processes mainly responsible for snow distribution heterogeneity in this region-wind speed, wind-affected snow accumulations, thermal radiation, and solar radiation-were also independently rescaled to test process-specific spatiotemporal sensitivities. It was found that in order to accurately simulate snowmelt in this catchment, the snow cover needed to be resolved to 100 m. Wind and wind-affected precipitation-the primary influence on snow distribution-required similar resolution. Thermal radiation scaled with the vegetation structure (similar to 100 m), while solar radiation was adequately modeled with 100-250-m resolution. Spatiotemporal sensitivities to model scale were found that allowed for further reductions in computational costs through the winter months with limited losses in accuracy. It was also shown that these modeling-based scale breaks could be associated with physiographic and vegetation structures to aid a priori modeling decisions. C1 [Winstral, Adam; Marks, Danny] ARS, USDA, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Gurney, Robert] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. RP Winstral, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NWRC, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM adam.winstral@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS Understanding Snow and Hydrologic Processes in Mountainous Terrain with a Changing Climate [5362-13610-008-00D]; USDA-ARS Headquarters Student Career Experience Program (SCEP); USDA-NRCS Conservation Effects Assessment Project [5352-136100-009-14R]; USDA-NRCS Water and Climate Center-Portland, OR [5362-13610-008-03R]; NSF-CBET [0854553]; NSF-MRI [EAR-1126887]; NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program [EPS-0814387] FX We thank Dr. Jeffrey Deems and two anonymous reviewers for their very insightful comments and suggestions. The data and analysis presented in this paper were funded in part by USDA-ARS CRIS Understanding Snow and Hydrologic Processes in Mountainous Terrain with a Changing Climate (5362-13610-008-00D), USDA-ARS Headquarters Student Career Experience Program (SCEP), USDA-NRCS Conservation Effects Assessment Project (5352-136100-009-14R), USDA-NRCS Water and Climate Center-Portland, OR (5362-13610-008-03R), NSF-CBET(0854553), NSF-MRI (EAR-1126887), and NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program (EPS-0814387). Any reference to specific equipment types or manufacturers is for information purposes and does not represent a product endorsement or recommendation. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1366 EP 1383 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0169.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM2QX UT WOS:000339697000003 ER PT J AU Stillman, S Ninneman, J Zeng, XB Franz, TE Scott, RL Shuttleworth, WJ Cummins, K AF Stillman, Susan Ninneman, Jason Zeng, Xubin Franz, Trenton E. Scott, Russell L. Shuttleworth, William J. Cummins, Ken TI Summer Soil Moisture Spatiotemporal Variability in Southeastern Arizona SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADIOMETER; MONSOON 90; SCALE; MEMORY; MODEL; WATER; PRECIPITATION; ASSIMILATION; RETRIEVAL; CATCHMENT AB Soil moisture is important for many applications, but its measurements are lacking globally and even regionally. The Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in southeastern Arizona has measured near-surface 5-cm soil moisture with 19 in situ probes since 2002 within its 150 km(2) area. Using various criteria to identify erroneous data, it is found that in any given period from 1 July to 30 September from 2002 to 2011, 13-17 of these probes were producing reasonable data, and this is sufficient to estimate area-averaged seasonal soil moisture. A soil water balance model is then developed using rainfall as its only input to spatially extrapolate soil moisture estimates to the 88 rain gauges located within the watershed and to extend the measurement period to 56 years. The model is calibrated from 2002 to 2011 so that the daily in situ and modeled soil moisture time series have a high average correlation of 0.89 and a root-mean-square deviation of 0.032 m(3) m(-3). By interpolating modeled soil moisture from the 88 rain gauges to a 100-m gridded domain over WGEW, it is found that spatial variability often increases when 88 (rather than 13-17) estimates are taken. While no trend in the spatial average surface soil moisture is found, large variability in the spatial average soil moisture from 1 July to 30 September is observed from year to year, ranging from 0.05 to 0.09 m(3) m(-3). In addition to spatiotemporal analysis of WGEW, this gridded soil moisture product from 1956 to 2011 can be used for validation of satellite-based and reanalysis products and land surface models. C1 [Stillman, Susan; Zeng, Xubin; Cummins, Ken] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ninneman, Jason] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Satellite Facil, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Franz, Trenton E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Shuttleworth, William J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Stillman, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Phys Atmospher Sci Bldg,Rm 542,1118 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sstill88@email.arizona.edu OI Zeng, Xubin/0000-0001-7352-2764 FU NSF [AGS-0838491, EF-1238908] FX All the instruments used in this research are owned and operated by USDA-ARS: the precipitation and soil moisture data used were obtained from the organization's website (www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap/), and we express our sincere thanks to the staff of the USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center for their effort and dedication in producing the long-term, high-quality dataset used in this analysis. This research was supported by NSF (Award AGS-0838491 for the COSMOS project; Award EF-1238908 for the macrosystems project). NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1473 EP 1485 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0173.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM2QX UT WOS:000339697000009 ER PT J AU Jetton, RM Mayfield, AE Powers, ZL AF Jetton, Robert M. Mayfield, Albert E., III Powers, Zaidee L. TI Development of a rain down technique to artificially infest hemlocks with the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE exotic species; host resistance screening; artificial infestation; Tsuga canadensis; Tsuga caroliniana ID HEMIPTERA ADELGIDAE; RESISTANCE; HOMOPTERA; CANADENSIS; AMERICA AB The hemlock woolly adelgid Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is a non-native invasive pest that has caused widespread decline and mortality of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. (Pinales: Pinaceae)) and Carolina hemlock (T. caroliniana Engelm.) in the eastern United States. Our preliminary experiments evaluated the utility of a rain-down technique to induce artificial infestations of A. tsugae on hemlock seedlings en masse. Experiments were conducted in PVC (1 m(3)) cages topped with poultry wire for placement of A. tsugae-infested branches, and with 1 m(2) gridded glue sheets and/or hemlock seedlings placed below to capture adelgid abundance, distribution, and infestation rate data. In the March 2011 experiment, the density of progrediens crawlers (adelgid nymphs, first instars) that rained down inside the PVC cages was significantly higher in the high ovisac treatment compared to the low ovisac treatment, with an estimated 513,000 and 289,000 crawlers per m(2) falling beneath each treatment, respectively. Resulting A. tsugae infestation rates on Carolina hemlock seedlings placed inside the cages did not differ between the treatments but were at or above established damage threshold densities for the adelgid. Infestation rates on eastern hemlock seedlings that were placed in cages nine days after the experiment started were below damage threshold levels and did not differ between the treatments. In the May 2011 experiment, the density of sistens crawlers raining down was substantially lower, with 17,000 and 33,000 falling per m(2) in the low and high ovisac treatments, respectively. Resulting infestation rates on Carolina hemlock seedlings were extremely low and well below damage threshold levels. Although A. tsugae crawlers were well distributed across the 1 m(2) gridded glue sheets placed at the bottom of each cage, hot spots of unusually high crawler density did occur in both experiments. This rain-down technique shows potential for use in an operational tree-breeding program where screening large numbers of hemlock seedlings for resistance to A. tsugae is required. C1 [Jetton, Robert M.; Powers, Zaidee L.] N Carolina State Univ, Camcore, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mayfield, Albert E., III] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Asheville, NC USA. RP Jetton, RM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Camcore, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rmjetton@ncsu.edu; amayfield02@fs.fed.us; zlpowers@ncsu.edu FU Camcore-Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources, NC State University; USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station FX The authors are grateful to Kaleb Rathbone and the NCDA&CS/NCSU Mountain Research Station in Waynesville, NC, for the use of facilities and materials; Andy Whittier (NCSU-Camcore), Ben Smith (NCSU-ASTF), William Elliott (USFS-SRS), and Bill Sweeney (USFS-SRS) for technical assistance; John Frampton (NCSU) for statistical guidance; and Brent Holloway and Coal Creek Company for site access to collect infested hemlock branches. Funding for this work was provided by Camcore-Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources, NC State University and the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 106 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AM1ZP UT WOS:000339648100006 PM 25199530 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Chen, GQ AF Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Chen, Grace Q. TI Quantification of the Molecular Species of TAG and DAG in Lesquerella (Physaria fendleri) Oil by HPLC and MS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Quantification; Triacylglycerols; Diacylglycerols; Lesquerella oil; Physaria fendleri; HPLC; ELSD; MS ID IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CASTOR-OIL; FATTY-ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION; ACYLGLYCEROLS; ESTOLIDES AB Ten diacylglycerols (DAG) and 74 triacylglycerols (TAG) in the seed oil of Physaria fendleri were recently identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). These acylglycerols (AG) were quantified by HPLC with evaporative light scattering detector and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the lithium adducts of the AG in the HPLC fractions of lesquerella oil. The MS1 ion signal intensities of molecular ions [M + Li](+) in HPLC fractions of an HPLC peak were used to estimate the ratios of AG in the HPLC peak. The ratios of TAG with the same mass in HPLC fractions were estimated by the ratios of the sums of MS2 ion signal intensities from the neutral loss of the three fatty acids [M + Li - FA](+). The ratio of DAG with the same mass were estimated by the ratio of the sums of two MS2 ion signal intensities [M + Li - FA](+) and [FA + Li](+) from the two different FA of a DAG. We have estimated the contents of ten molecular species of DAG and 74 molecular species of TAG in P. fendleri oil using this new method. The content of ten DAG combined was about 1 % and 74 TAG was about 98 %. The contents of DAG in decreasing order were: LsLs (0.25 %), LsLn (0.25 %), LsO (0.24 %), and LsL (0.11 %); and the contents of TAG in decreasing order were: LsLsO (31.3 %), LsLsLn (24.9 %), LsLsL (15.8 %), LsL-OH20:2 (4.3 %), LsO-OH20:2 (2.8 %), and LsLn-OH20:2 (2.5 %). C1 [Lin, Jiann-Tsyh; Chen, Grace Q.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jiann.lin@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1417 EP 1424 DI 10.1007/s11746-014-2486-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM6EW UT WOS:000339957100014 ER PT J AU Cheng, HN Rau, MW Dowd, MK Easson, MW Condon, BD AF Cheng, H. N. Rau, Mason W. Dowd, Michael K. Easson, Michael W. Condon, Brian D. TI Comparison of Soybean and Cottonseed Oils upon Hydrogenation with Nickel, Palladium and Platinum Catalysts SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Cottonseed oil; Hydrogenation; Nickel catalyst; Palladium catalyst; Platinum catalyst; Soybean oil; Trans fatty acids ID LOW-TRANS; FATTY-ACIDS; PRESSURE; KINETICS AB There is current interest in reducing the trans fatty acids (TFA) in hydrogenated vegetable oils because consumption of foods high in TFA has been linked to increased serum cholesterol content. In the interest of understanding the TFA levels, hydrogenation was carried out in this work on soybean oil and cottonseed oil at two pressures (2 and 5 bar) and 100 A degrees C using commercially available Ni, Pd, and Pt catalysts. The TFA levels and the fatty acid profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography. The iodine value of interest is similar to 70 for all-purpose shortening and 95-110 for pourable oil applications. In all cases, higher hydrogen pressures produced lower levels of TFA. In the range of 70-95 iodine values for the hydrogenated products, the Pt catalyst gave the least TFA, followed closely by Ni, and then Pd, for both oils. For all three catalysts at 2- and 5-bar pressures and 70-95 iodine values, cottonseed oil contained noticeably less TFA than soybean oil; this is probably because cottonseed oil contains a lower total amount of olefin-containing fatty acids relative to soybean oil. Approximate kinetic modeling was also done on the hydrogenation data that provided additional confirmation of data consistency. C1 [Cheng, H. N.; Rau, Mason W.; Dowd, Michael K.; Easson, Michael W.; Condon, Brian D.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cheng, HN (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM hn.cheng@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1461 EP 1469 DI 10.1007/s11746-014-2487-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM6EW UT WOS:000339957100019 ER PT J AU Guo, QF AF Guo, Qinfeng TI Species invasions on islands: searching for general patterns and principles SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Area; Propagule pressure; Comparison; Degree of invasion (DI); Isolation; Island biogeography ID PROPAGULE PRESSURE; ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS; INTRODUCED PLANTS; WEST-INDIES; BIOGEOGRAPHY; BIRDS; ECOLOGY; INVASIBILITY; CONTINENTS; DIVERSITY AB Numerous islands worldwide are being increasingly invaded by exotic species. However, the effects of invading species on native floras remain underexplored, particularly whether island biogeography theory is applicable to native, exotic, and the newly assembled floras. Inter-group comparisons across different regions or island groups through a collection of individual studies have the potential of offering additional insights. Here, I comparatively analyze 10 datasets involving bird and plant invasions on nine island groups around the world and make detailed comparisons between two sets. I show that, although similarities exist, different taxonomic groups and different geographic settings exhibit drastically different invasion patterns on islands. Island biogeography theory still better explains native and overall (natives plus exotics) diversity patterns, such as the species-area-isolation relationships. In contrast, the corresponding patterns for exotic species are highly variable. The varying degrees of human intervention in species invasion relative to natural dispersal on different islands, along with differences between taxonomic groups, highlight the challenges of searching general patterns and applying island biogeography theories to island invasion and conservation. C1 USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM qguo@fs.fed.us FU NSF [DEB-0640058, MSB-1241932] FX M. Scobie and D. Sovilla of the National Environmental Modeling and Analysis Center (NEMAC) at the University of North Carolina-Asheville assisted with data collection. I am grateful to T. Blackburn for the data and insightful comments. I also thank J. Long and T. Elliman for clarification regarding the exotic plant estimates on the Boston Harbor Islands, and L. Edwards, G. Nunez-Mir, J. Torgerson, and J. Wu for comments. This work is partly supported by NSF Grants (DEB-0640058 and MSB-1241932). NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1123 EP 1131 DI 10.1007/s10980-014-0059-2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AM4NK UT WOS:000339831300003 ER PT J AU Tepaamorndech, S Kirschke, CP Huang, LP AF Tepaamorndech, Surapun Kirschke, Catherine P. Huang, Liping TI Linking cellular zinc status to body weight and fat mass: mapping quantitative trait loci in Znt7 knockout mice SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GENE; MOUSE; GLUCOSE; TRANSPORTER; DEFICIENCY; EXPRESSION; OBESITY; FAMILY; GROWTH AB Zinc transporter 7 (Znt7, Slc30a7) knockout (KO) mice display abnormalities in body weight gain and body adiposity. Regulation of body weight and body fat accumulation is complex, involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. To understand how zinc homeostasis influences body weight and fat deposit and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that link zinc metabolism to growth and adiposity, we conducted a genome-wide mapping study using male F-2 Znt7 KO mice and wild-type (WT) littermates with a mixed 129P1/ReJ and C57BL/6J genetic background. The mice were fed a semi-purified diet containing 30-mg Zn/kg diet at weaning. Body weights and fat pad weights including epididymal, retroperitoneal, and femoral subcutaneous fat pads were measured at 16 weeks of age. We detected two significant QTLs (p < 0.05) for body weight and fat deposit. One was in the F-2 Znt7 KO population and the other in the F-2 WT population. In Znt7 KO mice, the body weight and fat deposit was significantly linked to a locus on chromosome 7 ranging from 64.3 to 78.3 Mb. In WT mice, a significant linkage of retroperitoneal fat mass was found on chromosome 8 between 14.5 and 63.5 Mb. In addition, several other suggestive QTLs (p < 0.63) for body weight and fat accumulation were detected in Znt7 KO and WT mice. In conclusion, the QTLs identified in this study may provide new hints to uncover the genes linking cellular zinc status to growth and body fat accumulation. C1 [Tepaamorndech, Surapun] Univ Calif Davis, Integrat Genet & Genom Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kirschke, Catherine P.; Huang, Liping] ARS, Obes & Metab Res Unit, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Huang, LP (reprint author), ARS, Obes & Metab Res Unit, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 West Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM liping.huang@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, ARS [5306-515-30-014-00D, 5306-515-20-007-00D] FX We thank Dr. Craig H. Warden, Department of Pediatrics at UC Davis, for helpful comments and suggestions during the study. We thank the research scientists in the Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, for the helpful discussion and support. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, ARS intramural projects 5306-515-30-014-00D and 5306-515-20-007-00D. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-8990 EI 1432-1777 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD AUG PY 2014 VL 25 IS 7-8 BP 335 EP 353 DI 10.1007/s00335-014-9512-4 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA AM5DB UT WOS:000339875100006 PM 24770585 ER PT J AU Hubka, V Lyskova, P Frisvad, JC Peterson, SW Skorepova, M Kolarik, M AF Hubka, Vit Lyskova, Pavlina Frisvad, Jens C. Peterson, Stephen W. Skorepova, Magdalena Kolarik, Miroslav TI Aspergillus pragensis sp nov discovered during molecular reidentification of clinical isolates belonging to Aspergillus section Candidi SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus candidus; Aspergillus tritici; antifungal susceptibility testing; nondermatophyte onychomycosis; otomycosis; polyphasic approach ID TAXONOMIC REVISION; PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA; DNA-SEQUENCES; COLOR MUTANTS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; TAICHUNGENSIS; METABOLITES; FUMIGATUS; PENICILLIUM; INFECTIONS AB The identity of nine clinical isolates recovered from Czech patients and presumptively identified as Aspergillus sp. section Candidi based on colony morphology was revised using sequences of beta-tubulin, calmodulin gene sequence, and internal transcribed spacer rDNA. Six isolates were from suspected and proven onychomycosis, one from otitis externa, and two associated with probable invasive aspergillosis. The results showed that one Aspergillus candidus isolate was the cause of otitis externa, and both isolates obtained from sputa of patients with probable invasive aspergillosis were reidentified as A. carneus (sect. Terrei) and A. flavus (sect. Flavi). Three isolates from nail scrapings were identified as A. tritici, a verified agent of nondermatophyte onychomycosis. One isolate from toenail was determined to be A. candidus and the two isolates belonged to a hitherto undescribed species, Aspergillus pragensis sp. nov. This species is well supported by phylogenetic analysis based on beta-tubulin and calmodulin gene and is distinguishable from other members of sect. Candidi by red-brown reverse on malt extract agar, slow growth on Czapek-Dox agar and inability to grow at 37 degrees C. A secondary metabolite analysis was also provided with comparison of metabolite spectrum to other species. Section Candidi now encompasses five species for which a dichotomous key based on colony characteristics is provided. All clinical isolates were tested for susceptibilities to selected antifungal agents using the Etest and disc diffusion method. Overall sect. Candidi members are highly susceptible to common antifungals. C1 [Hubka, Vit; Kolarik, Miroslav] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Prague 12801 2, Czech Republic. [Hubka, Vit; Kolarik, Miroslav] AS CR, Inst Microbiol, Lab Fungal Genet & Metab, Vvi, Prague 14220 4, Czech Republic. [Lyskova, Pavlina] Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Parasitol Mycol & Mycobacteriol Prague, Lab Med Mycol, Usti Nad Labem, Czech Republic. [Frisvad, Jens C.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Syst Biol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Peterson, Stephen W.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Skorepova, Magdalena] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Dermatol & Venerol, Prague 12801 2, Czech Republic. [Skorepova, Magdalena] Gen Univ Hosp, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Hubka, V (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Benatska 2, Prague 12801 2, Czech Republic. EM hubka@biomed.cas.cz RI Kolarik, Miroslav/A-1680-2008; Hubka, Vit/L-4124-2014 OI Kolarik, Miroslav/0000-0003-4016-0335; Hubka, Vit/0000-0003-4583-6496 FU Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0055, CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0003]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (SVV project); project GAUK [607812] FX This research was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0055, CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0003, and SVV project). Molecular genetic analyses were supported by the project GAUK 607812. We thank Dr Milada Chudickova for isolation of DNA and preparation of the cultivation media, Dr Stanislava Dobiasova for supplying one clinical isolate and Dr Tetsuhiro Matsuzawa (Chiba University) for translating Japanese written case report. The mention of firm names or trade names does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the US Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. NR 73 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 EI 1460-2709 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 52 IS 6 BP 565 EP 576 DI 10.1093/mmy/myu022 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA AM5QP UT WOS:000339915400002 PM 24951723 ER PT J AU Faris, JD Zhang, ZC Garvin, DF Xu, SS AF Faris, Justin D. Zhang, Zengcui Garvin, David F. Xu, Steven S. TI Molecular and comparative mapping of genes governing spike compactness from wild emmer wheat SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Wheat; Spike morphology; Compactness; Wild emmer ID TRITICUM-TURGIDUM L.; STAGONOSPORA NODORUM BLOTCH; CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION LINES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; COMMON WHEAT; GRAIN PROTEIN; LANGDON DURUM; AESTIVUM L.; HEXAPLOID WHEAT AB The development and morphology of the wheat spike is important because the spike is where reproduction occurs and it holds the grains until harvest. Therefore, genes that influence spike morphology are of interest from both theoretical and practical stand points. When substituted for the native chromosome 2A in the tetraploid Langdon (LDN) durum wheat background, the Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides chromosome 2A from accession IsraelA confers a short, compact spike with fewer spikelets per spike compared to LDN. Molecular mapping and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of these traits in a homozygous recombinant population derived from LDN x the chromosome 2A substitution line (LDNIsA-2A) indicated that the number of spikelets per spike and spike length were controlled by linked, but different, loci on the long arm of 2A. A QTL explaining most of the variation for spike compactness coincided with the QTL for spike length. Comparative mapping indicated that the QTL for number of spikelets per spike overlapped with a previously mapped QTL for Fusarium head blight susceptibility. The genes governing spike length and compactness were not orthologous to either sog or C, genes known to confer compact spikes in diploid and hexaploid wheat, respectively. Mapping and sequence analysis indicated that the gene governing spike length and compactness derived from wild emmer could be an ortholog of the barley Cly1/Zeo gene, which research indicates is an AP2-like gene pleiotropically affecting cleistogamy, flowering time, and rachis internode length. This work provides researchers with knowledge of new genetic loci and associated markers that may be useful for manipulating spike morphology in durum wheat. C1 [Faris, Justin D.; Zhang, Zengcui; Xu, Steven S.] ARS, USDA, NPA, NCSL,Cereal Crops Res Unit,Red River Valley Agr R, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Garvin, David F.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NPA, NCSL,Cereal Crops Res Unit,Red River Valley Agr R, 1605 Albrecht BLVD, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM Justin.Faris@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-22000-037-00D] FX The authors thank Breanna Oldenburg and Megan Stoley for technical assistance and Dr. Steven S. Xu for assistance with statistical analyses. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project 5442-22000-037-00D. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 30 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 EI 1617-4623 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD AUG PY 2014 VL 289 IS 4 BP 641 EP 651 DI 10.1007/s00438-014-0836-2 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AM3AU UT WOS:000339724200013 PM 24652470 ER PT J AU Daetwyler, HD Capitan, A Pausch, H Stothard, P Van Binsbergen, R Brondum, RF Liao, XP Djari, A Rodriguez, SC Grohs, C Esquerre, D Bouchez, O Rossignol, MN Klopp, C Rocha, D Fritz, S Eggen, A Bowman, PJ Coote, D Chamberlain, AJ Anderson, C VanTassell, CP Hulsegge, I Goddard, ME Guldbrandtsen, B Lund, MS Veerkamp, RF Boichard, DA Fries, R Hayes, BJ AF Daetwyler, Hans D. Capitan, Aurelien Pausch, Hubert Stothard, Paul Van Binsbergen, Rianne Brondum, Rasmus F. Liao, Xiaoping Djari, Anis Rodriguez, Sabrina C. Grohs, Cecile Esquerre, Diane Bouchez, Olivier Rossignol, Marie-Noelle Klopp, Christophe Rocha, Dominique Fritz, Sebastien Eggen, Andre Bowman, Phil J. Coote, David Chamberlain, Amanda J. Anderson, Charlotte VanTassell, Curt P. Hulsegge, Ina Goddard, Mike E. Guldbrandtsen, Bernt Lund, Mogens S. Veerkamp, Roel F. Boichard, Didier A. Fries, Ruedi Hayes, Ben J. TI Whole-genome sequencing of 234 bulls facilitates mapping of monogenic and complex traits in cattle SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS RESISTANCE; MITOTIC CHROMOSOMES; GENOTYPE IMPUTATION; HOLSTEIN CALVES; DAIRY-CATTLE; MILK-YIELD; BOS-TAURUS; CONDENSIN; MUTATIONS; GENE AB The 1000 bull genomes project supports the goal of accelerating the rates of genetic gain in domestic cattle while at the same time considering animal health and welfare by providing the annotated sequence variants and genotypes of key ancestor bulls. In the first phase of the 1000 bull genomes project, we sequenced the whole genomes of 234 cattle to an average of 8.3-fold coverage. This sequencing includes data for 129 individuals from the global Holstein-Friesian population, 43 individuals from the Fleckvieh breed and 15 individuals from the Jersey breed. We identified a total of 28.3 million variants, with an average of 1.44 heterozygous sites per kilobase for each individual. We demonstrate the use of this database in identifying a recessive mutation underlying embryonic death and a dominant mutation underlying lethal chrondrodysplasia. We also performed genome-wide association studies for milk production and curly coat, using imputed sequence variants, and identified variants associated with these traits in cattle. C1 [Daetwyler, Hans D.; Bowman, Phil J.; Coote, David; Chamberlain, Amanda J.; Anderson, Charlotte; Goddard, Mike E.; Hayes, Ben J.] Dept Environm & Primary Ind, Biosci Res Div, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. [Daetwyler, Hans D.; Hayes, Ben J.] La Trobe Univ, Sch Appl Syst Biol, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. [Daetwyler, Hans D.; Bowman, Phil J.; Coote, David; Chamberlain, Amanda J.; Goddard, Mike E.; Hayes, Ben J.] Dairy Futures Cooperat Res Ctr, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. [Capitan, Aurelien; Rodriguez, Sabrina C.; Grohs, Cecile; Rocha, Dominique; Eggen, Andre; Boichard, Didier A.] INRA, UMR Genet Anim & Biol Integrat 1313, Jouy En Josas, France. [Capitan, Aurelien; Fritz, Sebastien] Union Natl Cooperat Elevage & Inseminat Anim, Paris, France. [Pausch, Hubert; Fries, Ruedi] Tech Univ Muenchen, Chair Anim Breeding, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Stothard, Paul; Liao, Xiaoping] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr, Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Van Binsbergen, Rianne; Hulsegge, Ina; Veerkamp, Roel F.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Anim Breeding & Genom Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Brondum, Rasmus F.; Guldbrandtsen, Bernt; Lund, Mogens S.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ctr Quantitat Genet & Genom, Tjele, Denmark. [Djari, Anis; Klopp, Christophe] INRA, Sigenae Bioinformat Grp, UR875, Castres, France. [Esquerre, Diane; Bouchez, Olivier] INRA, Lab Genet Cellulaire, UMR 444, Castres, France. [Rossignol, Marie-Noelle] LABOGENA, Jouy En Josas, France. [VanTassell, Curt P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bovine Funct Genom Lab BARC East, Beltsville, MD USA. [Goddard, Mike E.] Univ Melbourne, Fac Land & Food Resources, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. RP Hayes, BJ (reprint author), Dept Environm & Primary Ind, Biosci Res Div, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. EM ben.hayes@depi.vic.gov.au RI van Binsbergen, Rianne/B-5315-2013; Hayes, Ben/L-3308-2016; OI Hayes, Ben/0000-0002-5606-3970; Goddard, Michael/0000-0001-9917-7946; Daetwyler, Hans D/0000-0002-3018-3640; Fries, Ruedi/0000-0002-4657-1787; Christophe, KLOPP/0000-0001-7126-5477; Pausch, Hubert/0000-0002-0501-6760 FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [0315527B]; Genome Canada project entitled 'Whole-Genome Sequence Selection Through Genome-Wide Imputation in Beef Cattle'; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Apisgene [ANR-10-GENM-0018]; Green Development and Demonstration Programme of the Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries [3405-10-0137]; Milk Levy Fund; Strategic Research Council and Viking Genetics [12-132452 (GenSAP)]; USDA-ARS [1245-31000-104-00D]; USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) competitive grant from the Animal Genome Program [2009-65205-05635]; Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre, Dairy Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies FX H.P. and R.F. acknowledge funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the AgroClustEr-Synbreed Synergistic Plant and Animal Breeding' (grant 0315527B). We acknowledge the Bavarian State Research Center and Vereinigte Informationssysteme Tierhaltung (VIT) Verden for providing phenotype data. Swissgenetics is acknowledged for providing the DNA material for a Swiss Simmental bull. P.S. and X.L. acknowledge funding from the Genome Canada project entitled 'Whole-Genome Sequence Selection Through Genome-Wide Imputation in Beef Cattle' and acknowledge WestGrid and Compute/Calcul Canada for providing computing resources. D.A.B., A.C., S.F. and D.R. acknowledge the Agence Nationale de la Recherche and Apisgene for funding the Cartoseq project (ANR-10-GENM-0018). T. Simon (EVOLUTION), S. Legrain and P. Laurent (INRA) are acknowledged for providing samples from bulldog calves and information. J.-M. Vacelet (GEN'IAtest), G. Fayolle (UMOTEST) and D. Peinturier (Jura Mail) are acknowledged for providing samples and phenotypic information for curly coat in Montbeliarde cattle A. Baur (UNCEIA) and A. Barbat (INRA) are acknowledged for providing haplotype and fertility information for the HH3 study. We would like to thank E. Mullaart (CRV) for providing sequences for ten of the bulls used in this project. B.G., R.F.B. and M.S.L. acknowledge support from grant 3405-10-0137 from the Green Development and Demonstration Programme of the Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, the Milk Levy Fund, grant 12-132452 (GenSAP) from the Strategic Research Council and Viking Genetics. C.P.V. acknowledges funding from USDA-ARS project 1245-31000-104-00D and USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) competitive grant 2009-65205-05635 from the Animal Genome Program. B.J.H., H.D.D., A.J.C., P.J.B. and M.E.G. acknowledge funding from the Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre, Dairy Australia and the Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies. NR 52 TC 148 Z9 157 U1 7 U2 63 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 EI 1546-1718 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 46 IS 8 BP 858 EP 865 DI 10.1038/ng.3034 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AM2TT UT WOS:000339704400014 PM 25017103 ER PT J AU Rouse, MN Nirmala, J Jin, Y Chao, SM Fetch, TG Pretorius, ZA Hiebert, CW AF Rouse, Matthew N. Nirmala, Jayaveeramuthu Jin, Yue Chao, Shiaoman Fetch, Thomas G., Jr. Pretorius, Zacharias A. Hiebert, Colin W. TI Characterization of Sr9h, a wheat stem rust resistance allele effective to Ug99 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS-TRITICI; RACE TTKSK UG99; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; SOUTH-AFRICA; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; SPRING WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; AESTIVUM L.; SSR MARKERS AB Wheat stem rust resistance gene SrWeb is an allele at the Sr9 locus that confers resistance to Ug99. Race TTKSK (Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal fungus of stem rust, threatens global wheat production because of its broad virulence to current wheat cultivars. A recently identified Ug99 resistance gene from cultivar Webster, temporarily designated as SrWeb, mapped near the stem rust resistance gene locus Sr9. We determined that SrWeb is also present in Ug99 resistant cultivar Gabo 56 by comparative mapping and an allelism test. Analysis of resistance in a population segregating for both Sr9e and SrWeb demonstrated that SrWeb is an allele at the Sr9 locus, which subsequently was designated as Sr9h. Webster and Gabo 56 were susceptible to the Ug99-related race TTKSF+ from South Africa. Race TTKSF+ possesses unique virulence to uncharacterized Ug99 resistance in cultivar Matlabas. This result validated that resistance to Ug99 in Webster and Gabo 56 is conferred by the same gene: Sr9h. The emergence of pathogen virulence to several resistance genes that are effective to the original Ug99 race TTKSK, including Sr9h, suggests that resistance genes should be used in combinations in order to increase resistance durability. C1 [Rouse, Matthew N.; Nirmala, Jayaveeramuthu; Jin, Yue] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rouse, Matthew N.; Jin, Yue] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Fetch, Thomas G., Jr.; Hiebert, Colin W.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. [Pretorius, Zacharias A.] Univ Orange Free State, Dept Plant Sci, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. RP Rouse, MN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, 1551 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM matthew.rouse@ars.usda.gov RI Rouse, Matthew/G-5474-2011 FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; United Kingdom Department for International Development; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service National Plant Disease Recovery Plan FX This research was part of the Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat project administrated by Cornell University and funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the United Kingdom Department for International Development. Additional support was received from the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service National Plant Disease Recovery Plan. We acknowledge the Computational Genetics Laboratory of the University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute for computational support. Mention of trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products and vendors that might also be suitable. NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 127 IS 8 BP 1681 EP 1688 DI 10.1007/s00122-014-2330-y PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA AM5MV UT WOS:000339904800001 PM 24913360 ER PT J AU Szklarczyk, M Szymanski, M Wojcik-Jagla, M Simon, PW Weihe, A Borner, T AF Szklarczyk, Marek Szymanski, Mateusz Wojcik-Jagla, Magdalena Simon, Philipp W. Weihe, Andreas Boerner, Thomas TI Mitochondrial atp9 genes from petaloid male-sterile and male-fertile carrots differ in their status of heteroplasmy, recombination involvement, post-transcriptional processing as well as accumulation of RNA and protein product SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; PLANT-MITOCHONDRIA; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; GENOME; CMS; EXPRESSION; ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCE; NUCLEUS; LEAVES AB Petaloid cytoplasmic male-sterile carrots exhibit overexpression of the mitochondrial atp9 genes which is associated with specific features in organization and expression of these sequences. In carrots, the S-p-cytoplasm causes transformation of stamens into petal-like organs, while plants carrying normal N-cytoplasm exhibit normal flower morphology. Our work was aimed at characterization of distinct features both cytoplasms display with respect to organization and expression of the mitochondrial atp9 genes. We show that two carrot atp9 genes, previously reported as cytoplasm-specific, in fact occur in heteroplasmic condition. In the S-p-cytoplasm the atp9-1 version dominates over atp9-3, while in N-cytoplasmic plants this proportion is reversed. Herein, we also indicate the presence and recombination activity of a 130-/172-bp sequence repeat which likely shaped the present organization of carrot atp9 loci. Furthermore, cDNA sequence examination revealed that the atp9 open reading frames (ORFs) were C to U edited in 4 nucleotide positions. One of the editing events turns a glutamine triplet into the stop codon, thereby equalizing ORFs of atp9-1 and atp9-3. A certain fraction of partially edited molecules was identified-they all represented the atp9-3 sequence. In either S-p- or N-cytoplasmic plants multiple 5' transcript termini were observed. Of these, the ones mapping more distantly from the atp9 ORF were more pronounced in case of petaloid accessions. It was also shown that despite comparable copy number of the genomic atp9 sequences, the level of the respective mRNAs was approximately 3 times higher in case of petaloid carrots. The latter fact corresponded to the elevated content of the ATP9 protein in plants carrying S-p-cytoplasm. The semi-fertile phenotype of such plants is associated with a drop in ATP9 accumulation. C1 [Szklarczyk, Marek; Szymanski, Mateusz; Wojcik-Jagla, Magdalena] Agr Univ Krakow, Fac Hort, Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Unit Genet Plant Breeding & Seed Sci, PL-31425 Krakow, Poland. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weihe, Andreas; Boerner, Thomas] Humboldt Univ, Inst Biol, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Szklarczyk, M (reprint author), Agr Univ Krakow, Fac Hort, Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Unit Genet Plant Breeding & Seed Sci, Al 29 Listopada 54, PL-31425 Krakow, Poland. EM m.szklarczyk@ur.krakow.pl FU Polish State Committee for Scientific Research [5 P06A 018 18]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N N 310 437338]; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX This work was supported by grants to Marek Szklarczyk from the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research (5 P06A 018 18, analysis of RNA editing) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (N N 310 437338, analysis of protein accumulation). Marek Szklarczyk received a fellowship from German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). The authors acknowledge the methodological support of Prof. Joanna Bereta and Dr Pawel Mak from the Jagiellonian University. The authors also thank Mrs. Alina Zabaglo (PHRO Krzeszowice) for providing the plant material used in this study and Mrs. Anna Herda, MSc for her excellent technical assistance. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 127 IS 8 BP 1689 EP 1701 DI 10.1007/s00122-014-2331-x PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA AM5MV UT WOS:000339904800002 PM 24913361 ER PT J AU Alexander, LW Woeste, KE AF Alexander, Lisa W. Woeste, Keith E. TI Pyrosequencing of the northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) chloroplast genome reveals high quality polymorphisms for population management SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Forest genetics; SNP; Haplotype; Fagaceae ID DNA VARIATION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; FAGACEAE; MITOCHONDRIAL; DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENY; INVASIONS; SEQUENCES; PLASTOME; AMERICA AB Given the low intraspecific chloroplast diversity detected in northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), more powerful genetic tools are necessary to accurately characterize Q. rubra chloroplast diversity and structure. We report the sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the chloroplast genome of northern red oak via pyrosequencing and a combination of de novo and reference-guided assembly (RGA). Chloroplast DNA from 16 individuals was separated into four MID-tagged pools for a Genome Sequencer 20 quarter-run (Roche Life Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA). A four-step assembly method was used to generate the Q. rubra chloroplast consensus sequence: (1) reads were assembled de novo into contigs, (2) de novo contigs were aligned to a reference genome and merged to produce a consensus sequence, (3) the consensus sequence was aligned to the reference sequence and gaps between contigs were filled with reference sequence to generate a "pseudoreference", and (4) reads were mapped to the pseudoreference using RGA to generate the draft chloroplast genome. One hundred percent of the pseudoreference sequence was covered with a minimum coverage of 2x and an average coverage of 43.75x. The 161,304-bp Q. rubra chloroplast genome draft sequence contained 137 genes and one rps19 pseudogene. The sequence was compared to that of Quercus robur and Q. nigra with 951 and 186 insertion/deletion or SNP polymorphisms detected, respectively. A total of 51 intraspecific polymorphisms were detected among four northern red oak individuals. The fully sequenced and annotated Q. rubra chloroplast genome containing locations of interspecific and intraspecific polymorphisms will be essential for studying population differentiation, phylogeography, and evolutionary history of this species as well as meeting management goals such as monitoring reintroduced populations, tracking wood products, and certifying seed lots and forests. C1 [Alexander, Lisa W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Woeste, Keith E.] Purdue Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv,Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Alexander, LW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lworthen@utk.edu FU Fred van Eck foundation for Purdue University FX S. Schlarbaum provided access to the Watauga Seed Orchard; M. Moore and G. G. Vendramin provided sequence data; P. San Miguel provided sequencing and assembly support. The authors would like to thank R. C. Cronn, M. Moore, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable improvements to the manuscript. The Fred van Eck foundation for Purdue University is gratefully acknowledged as the source of funding for this project. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 EI 1614-2950 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 803 EP 812 DI 10.1007/s11295-013-0681-1 PG 10 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA AM5NI UT WOS:000339906200003 ER PT J AU Pollegioni, P Woeste, KE Chiocchini, F Olimpieri, I Tortolano, V Clark, J Hemery, GE Mapelli, S Malvolti, ME AF Pollegioni, Paola Woeste, Keith E. Chiocchini, Francesca Olimpieri, Irene Tortolano, Virginia Clark, Jo Hemery, Gabriel E. Mapelli, Sergio Malvolti, Maria Emilia TI Landscape genetics of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) across its Asian range SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Landscape genetics; Genetic diversity; Population genetic structure; Asia; Nuclear microsatellites; Juglans regia ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PALEOBOTANICAL DATA; CHLOROPLAST DNA; CHINA; DIVERSITY; REFUGIA; DIFFERENTIATION; TEMPERATE AB Persian walnut (Juglans regia L) is an economically important species cultivated worldwide for its wood and nuts. Despite the increasing interest in the development of conservation strategies for walnut germplasm, an accurate and full-scale overview of wild genetic resources of J. regia has not been conducted because natural populations are located in regions of Asia historically difficult to access. In this study, we estimated the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of 39 autochthonous Persian walnut populations sampled across its Asian range using 14 neutral microsatellite markers. A landscape genetic overlay approach was applied to detect the areas of current reservoirs of walnut genetic diversity in the Asian range and to evaluate the role of landscape in shaping walnut genetic diversity since the Last Glacial Maximum. Although Persian walnut has been highly manipulated by humans over the last 2,000 years, we determined that patches of high genetic diversity still exist in the Caucasus and mountains of Central Asia where J. regia might have survived after Pleistocene glaciations. We detected a clear separation of Persian walnut into four main genetic clusters centered in (1) western Kyrgyzstan, (2) western and south-central Asia, (3) east-central Uzbekistan, and (4) Xinjiang and Shandong provinces (China). Overlay of maps showed a coincidence between groups of walnut populations and potential barriers to gene flow such as the Hindu Kush, Pamir, Tien Shan, and Himalaya mountains and the Karakum, Kyzyl Kum, and Taklamakan deserts. This study claimed the relevance of the preservation of walnut genetic resources in the Asian range. C1 [Pollegioni, Paola; Chiocchini, Francesca; Olimpieri, Irene; Tortolano, Virginia; Malvolti, Maria Emilia] CNR Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, I-05010 Porano, Terni, Italy. [Pollegioni, Paola] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Woeste, Keith E.] Purdue Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv,Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Clark, Jo] Earth Trust, Abingdon OX14 4QZ, Oxon, England. [Hemery, Gabriel E.] Sylva Fdn, Little Wittenham OX14 4RA, Oxon, England. [Mapelli, Sergio] CNR Inst Agr Biol & Biotechnol, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Pollegioni, P (reprint author), CNR Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, Viale Marconi 2, I-05010 Porano, Terni, Italy. EM paola.pollegioni@ibaf.cnr.it RI Chand, Pritam/H-5804-2016 FU European Community in the framework of the Seventh Framework Programme under the Marie Curie Actions COFUND project "I-MOVE" [267232]; CNR-IBAF (Italian National Research Council-Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, Porano (Terni, Italy); Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs [L. 401.1990]; EU-AIR project [3 CT92 0142]; FAIR project [III PL96 1887] FX This study was supported by the European Community in the framework of the Seventh Framework Programme under the Marie Curie Actions COFUND project "I-MOVE" (No. 267232) and by the CNR-IBAF (Italian National Research Council-Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, Porano (Terni, Italy). Samples were obtained in the framework of the Bilateral Projects of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (L. 401.1990) during the years 1998-2010. The authors thank Marcello Cherubini and Daniela Taurchini for their support in the laboratory and Dr. Claudia Mattioni, Andreas Hamann, and Kevin McKelvey for their critical review of the manuscript. Special thanks goes to the memory of Prof. Eric Germain (INRA-Bordeaux, France), who provided the Caucasian walnut populations under the EU-AIR 3 CT92 0142 and FAIR III PL96 1887 "W-BRAINS" projects. The use of trade names is for the information and convenience of the reader and does not imply official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 81 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 47 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 EI 1614-2950 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1043 DI 10.1007/s11295-014-0740-2 PG 17 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA AM5NI UT WOS:000339906200021 ER PT J AU Corella, D Sorli, JV Estruch, R Coltell, O Ortega-Azorin, C Portoles, O Martinez-Gonzalez, MA Bullo, M Fito, M Aros, F Lapetra, J Asensio, EM Saez, GT Serra-Majem, L Munoz-Bravo, C Ruiz-Gutierrez, V Fiol, M Vinyoles, E Pinto, X Richardson, K Ros, E Ordovas, JM AF Corella, Dolores Sorli, Jose V. Estruch, Ramon Coltell, Oscar Ortega-Azorin, Carolina Portoles, Olga Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel Bullo, Monica Fito, Montserrat Aros, Fernando Lapetra, Jose Asensio, Eva M. Saez, Guillermo T. Serra-Majem, Lluis Munoz-Bravo, Carlos Ruiz-Gutierrez, Valentina Fiol, Miguel Vinyoles, Ernest Pinto, Xavier Richardson, Kris Ros, Emilio Ordovas, Jose M. TI MicroRNA-410 regulated lipoprotein lipase variant rs13702 is associated with stroke incidence and modulated by diet in the randomized controlled PREDIMED trail SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; TARGET SITE POLYMORPHISMS; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; MEDITERRANEAN POPULATION; FUNCTIONAL POLYMORPHISM; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES; LIPID CONCENTRATIONS; GENE POLYMORPHISMS; LIFE-STYLE AB Background: MicroRNAs have emerged as important epigenetic regulators in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Using an observational meta-analysis design, we previously characterized a gain-of-function microRNA-410 target site polymorphism (rs13702T>C) in the 3' untranslated region of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene. The C allele was associated with lower triglycerides, and this association was modulated by fat intake. Objectives: We aimed to extend our findings by assessing the interaction between the rs13702 polymorphism and fat intake on triglycerides at baseline and longitudinally by using a dietary intervention design. We also examined as a primary outcome the association of this variant with CVD incidence and its modulation by the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). Design: We studied 7187 participants in the PREDIMED (Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea) randomized trial that tested a MedDiet intervention compared with a control diet, with a median 4.8-y follow-up. LPL polymorphisms and triglycerides were determined and CVD assessed. Gene-diet interactions for triglycerides were analyzed at baseline (n = 6880) and after a 3-y intervention (n = 4131). Oxidative stress parameters were investigated in a subsample. Results: The rs13702T>C polymorphism was strongly associated with lower triglycerides in C allele carriers and interacted synergistically with dietary monounsaturated (P = 0.038) and unsaturated fat intake (P = 0.037), decreasing triglycerides at baseline. By 3 y, we observed a gene-diet interaction (P = 0.025) in which the C allele was associated with a greater reduction in triglycerides after intervention with MedDiet, high in unsaturated fat. Although the polymorphism was associated with lower stroke risk (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.97; P = 0.029 per C allele), this association reached statistical significance only in the MedDiet intervention (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.91; P = 0.019 in C compared with TT carriers), not in the control group (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.55, 1.59; P = 0.805). Conclusion: We report a novel association between a microRNA target site variant and stroke incidence, which is modulated by diet in terms of decreasing triglycerides and possibly stroke risk in rs13702 C allele carriers after a high-unsaturated fat MedDiet intervention. C1 [Corella, Dolores; Sorli, Jose V.; Ortega-Azorin, Carolina; Portoles, Olga; Asensio, Eva M.] Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Valencia 46010, Spain. [Corella, Dolores; Sorli, Jose V.; Estruch, Ramon; Coltell, Oscar; Ortega-Azorin, Carolina; Portoles, Olga; Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel; Bullo, Monica; Fito, Montserrat; Aros, Fernando; Lapetra, Jose; Asensio, Eva M.; Saez, Guillermo T.; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Munoz-Bravo, Carlos; Ruiz-Gutierrez, Valentina; Fiol, Miguel; Vinyoles, Ernest; Pinto, Xavier; Ros, Emilio] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Madrid, Spain. [Estruch, Ramon] IDIBAPS, Hosp Clin, Dept Internal Med, Barcelona, Spain. [Coltell, Oscar] Univ Jaume 1, Dept Comp Languages & Syst, Castellon de La Plana, Spain. [Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel] Univ Navarra, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Sch Med, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. [Bullo, Monica] Univ Rovira & Virgili, IISPV, Fac Med, Human Nutr Unit, E-43201 Reus, Spain. [Fito, Montserrat] Municipal Inst Med Res, Cardiovasc Epidemiol Unit, Barcelona, Spain. [Aros, Fernando] Hosp Txagorritxu, Dept Cardiol, Vitoria, Spain. [Lapetra, Jose] Primary Care Div Sevilla, Dept Family Med, Seville, Spain. [Saez, Guillermo T.] Univ Valencia, HGUV, Clin Anal Serv CDB, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Valencia 46010, Spain. [Serra-Majem, Lluis] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Dept Clin Sci, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain. [Munoz-Bravo, Carlos] Univ Malaga, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Malaga, Spain. [Ruiz-Gutierrez, Valentina] CSIC, Inst Grasa, Seville, Spain. [Fiol, Miguel] Hosp Son Dureta, Univ Inst Hlth Sci Invest, Palma De Mallorca, Spain. [Vinyoles, Ernest] Catalan Inst Hlth, Primary Care Div, Barcelona, Spain. [Pinto, Xavier] Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Hosp Llobregat, Lipids & Vasc Risk Unit, Barcelona, Spain. [Richardson, Kris; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ros, Emilio] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Lipid Clin, Endocrinol & Nutr Serv, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] IMDEA Alimentac, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. RP Corella, D (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Blasco Ibanez 15, Valencia 46010, Spain. EM dolores.corella@uv.es RI Lapetra, Jose/F-2552-2015; IBIS, ATENCION PRIMARIA/I-3524-2016; Fito, Montserrat/C-1822-2012 OI Fito, Montserrat/0000-0002-1817-483X FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional [CNIC-06/2007, RTIC G03/140, RTIC RD 06/0045, CIBER 06/03, PI06-1326, PI08-90002, PI07-0954, P107-0954, PI11/02505, PI12/0153, PI13/00462, SAF2009-12304, AGL2010-22319-C03-03]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Generalitat Valenciana, Spain [ACOMP2010-181, AP111/10, AP-042/11, ACOM2011/145, ACOMP/2012/190, ACOMP/2013/159, ACOMP/213/165]; recercaixa [2013ACUP00194]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Health Department of the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya) [CP 06/00100] FX Supported by The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (projects CNIC-06/2007, RTIC G03/140, RTIC RD 06/0045, CIBER 06/03, PI06-1326, PI08-90002, PI07-0954, P107-0954, PI11/02505, PI12/0153, PI13/00462, SAF2009-12304, and AGL2010-22319-C03-03); contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service; the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain (ACOMP2010-181, AP111/10, AP-042/11, ACOM2011/145, ACOMP/2012/190, ACOMP/2013/159, and ACOMP/213/165); recercaixa (2013ACUP00194); and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, and CP 06/00100 from the Health Department of the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya) (M Fito). NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 100 IS 2 BP 719 EP 731 DI 10.3945/ajcn.113.076992 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AM1IH UT WOS:000339599100025 PM 24990426 ER PT J AU Lindholm-Perry, AK Kuehn, LA Oliver, WT Kern, RJ Cushman, RA Miles, JR McNeel, AK Freetly, HC AF Lindholm-Perry, A. K. Kuehn, L. A. Oliver, W. T. Kern, R. J. Cushman, R. A. Miles, J. R. McNeel, A. K. Freetly, H. C. TI DNA polymorphisms and transcript abundance of PRKAG2 and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase in the rumen are associated with gain and feed intake in beef steers SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AMPK; cattle; feed efficiency; gene expression; SNP association ID FOOD-INTAKE; CATTLE; TRAITS; PCR AB Beef steers with variation in feed efficiency phenotypes were evaluated previously on a high-density SNP panel. Ten markers from rs110125325-rs41652818 on bovine chromosome 4 were associated with average daily gain (ADG). To identify the gene(s) in this 1.2-Mb region responsible for variation in ADG, genotyping with 157 additional markers was performed. Several markers (n = 41) were nominally associated with ADG, and three of these, including the only marker to withstand Bonferroni correction, were located within the protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit (PRKAG2) gene. An additional population of cross-bred steers (n = 406) was genotyped for validation. One marker located within the PRKAG2 loci approached a significant association with gain. To evaluate PRKAG2 for differences in transcript abundance, we measured expression in the liver, muscle, rumen and intestine from steers (n = 32) with extreme feed efficiency phenotypes collected over two seasons. No differences in PRKAG2 transcript abundance were detected in small intestine, liver or muscle. Correlation between gene expression level of PRKAG2 in rumen and average daily feed intake (ADFI) was detected in both seasons (P < 0.05); however, the direction differed by season. Lastly, we evaluated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), of which PRKAG2 is a subunit, for differences among ADG and ADFI and found that the phosphorylated form of AMPK was associated with ADFI in the rumen. These data suggest that PRKAG2 and its mature protein, AMPK, are involved in feed efficiency traits in beef steers. This is the first evidence to suggest that rumen AMPK may be contributing to ADFI in cattle. C1 [Lindholm-Perry, A. K.; Kuehn, L. A.; Oliver, W. T.; Kern, R. J.; Cushman, R. A.; Miles, J. R.; McNeel, A. K.; Freetly, H. C.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Kern, R. J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Lindholm-Perry, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Amanda.Lindholm@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-9146 EI 1365-2052 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 45 IS 4 BP 461 EP 472 DI 10.1111/age.12151 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA AL8WE UT WOS:000339419600001 PM 24730749 ER PT J AU Alshanbari, FA Mousel, MR Reynolds, JO Herrmann-Hoesing, LM Highland, MA Lewis, GS White, SN AF Alshanbari, F. A. Mousel, M. R. Reynolds, J. O. Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M. Highland, M. A. Lewis, G. S. White, S. N. TI Mutations in Ovis aries TMEM154 are associated with lower small ruminant lentivirus proviral concentration in one sheep flock SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5; disease susceptibility; domestic sheep; maedi-visna virus; ovine lentivirus; ovine progressive pneumonia virus; transmembrane protein 154; viremia ID OVINE PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BREED; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PRODUCTIVITY; EXPRESSION AB Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), also called ovine progressive pneumonia virus or maedi-visna, is present in 24% of US sheep. Like human immunodeficiency virus, SRLV is a macrophage-tropic lentivirus that causes lifelong infection. The production impacts from SRLV are due to a range of disease symptoms, including pneumonia, arthritis, mastitis, body condition wasting and encephalitis. There is no cure and no effective vaccine for preventing SRLV infection. However, breed differences in prevalence and proviral concentration indicate a genetic basis for susceptibility to SRLV. Animals with high blood proviral concentration show increased tissue lesion severity, so proviral concentration represents a live animal test for control post-infection in terms of proviral replication and disease severity. Recently, it was found that sheep with two copies of TMEM154 haplotype 1 (encoding lysine at position 35) had lower odds of SRLV infection. In this study, we examined the relationship between SRLV control post-infection and variants in two genes, TMEM154 and CCR5, in four flocks containing 1403 SRLV-positive sheep. We found two copies of TMEM154 haplotype 1 were associated with lower SRLV proviral concentration in one flock (P < 0.02). This identified the same favorable diplotype for SRLV control post-infection as for odds of infection. However, frequencies of haplotypes 2 and 3 were too low in the other three flocks to test. The CCR5 promoter deletion did not have consistent association with SRLV proviral concentration. Future work in flocks with more balanced allele frequencies is needed to confirm or refute TMEM154 association with control of SRLV post-infection. C1 [Alshanbari, F. A.; Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M.; Highland, M. A.; White, S. N.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mousel, M. R.; Lewis, G. S.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Reynolds, J. O.; Highland, M. A.; White, S. N.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP White, SN (reprint author), WSU, 3003 ADBF,POB 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM swhite@vetmed.wsu.edu OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054; Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 FU USDA-ARS [5348-32000-031-00D]; Saudi Ministry of Higher Education FX The authors wish to thank Codie Durfee, Caylee Birge, Salim Alhajri, Nic Durfee, Ralph Horn and James Allison for technical assistance; Mark Williams and the USSES technical staff for the Idaho sample collections; and Tom Kellom for USSES data collection. The genotyping of TMEM154 diplotypes for Iowa and Idaho sheep was performed at USMARC. The authors thank Lucia Sider and Michael Clawson for provision of reagent designs. S.N. White, L.M. Herrmann-Hoesing, M.R. Mousel and G.S. Lewis were coauthors on the paper describing the association of TMEM154 with odds of SRLV infection, but there is no intellectual property restricting its use. Otherwise, the authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. This research was funded by USDA-ARS grant 5348-32000-031-00D. Fahad Alshanbari's graduate training was funded by the Saudi Ministry of Higher Education. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-9146 EI 1365-2052 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 45 IS 4 BP 565 EP 571 DI 10.1111/age.12181 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA AL8WE UT WOS:000339419600013 PM 24934128 ER PT J AU White, SN Mousel, MR Gonzalez, MV Highland, MA Herrmann-Hoesing, LM Taylor, JB Knowles, DP AF White, S. N. Mousel, M. R. Gonzalez, M. V. Highland, M. A. Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M. Taylor, J. B. Knowles, D. P. TI Association analysis of variant near ZNF389 with ewe cumulative production in three sheep breeds SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [White, S. N.; Mousel, M. R.; Highland, M. A.; Knowles, D. P.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [White, S. N.; Gonzalez, M. V.; Highland, M. A.; Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M.; Knowles, D. P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Taylor, J. B.] US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP White, SN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM swhite@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Gonzalez, Michael/A-8146-2015; OI Gonzalez, Michael/0000-0001-9741-475X; White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054; Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-9146 EI 1365-2052 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 45 IS 4 BP 613 EP 614 DI 10.1111/age.12161 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA AL8WE UT WOS:000339419600026 PM 24720487 ER PT J AU Chang, CL Geib, S Cho, IK Li, QX Stanley, D AF Chang, Chiou Ling Geib, Scott Cho, Il Kyu Li, Qing X. Stanley, David TI DIETARY LUFENURON REDUCES EGG HATCH AND INFLUENCES PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN THE FRUIT FLY Bactrocera latifrons (HENDEL) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera latiforns; chemosterilant; chitin synthase inhibitor; lufenuron; Tephritid ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR; IN-FIELD TRIALS; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; CHITIN-SYNTHESIS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; LABORATORY EVALUATION; DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE; BINDING-PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; AEDES-AEGYPTI AB Lufenuron (LFN), a chitin synthase inhibitor, impacts the fertility of Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis, B. cucurbitae, and B. latifrons. We posed the hypothesis that LFN curtails egg hatch in the solanaceous fruit fly, B. latifrons. In this study, newly emerged virgin adults were sexed and fed for 12 days with varying concentrations of LFN-laced agar diets until sexual maturation. Eggs were collected from 12-d-old adults and the egg hatch was assessed. Egg hatch decreased in adults reared on LFN-treated diets. LFN-treated media did not influence fertility after one gender was reared on experimental and the other on control media before mating. Exposure to LFN-treated medium after mating led to reduced egg hatch. We infer that LFN is not a permanent sterilant, and reduced egg hatch depends on continuous exposure to dietary LFN after mating. Proteomic analysis identified two differentially expressed proteins, a pheromone binding protein and a chitin binding protein, between adults maintained on LFN-treated and control diets. Expression of two genes encoding chitin synthase 2, and chitin binding protein, was altered in adults exposed to dietary LFN. LFN treatments also led to increased expression of two odorant binding proteins one in females and one in males. We surmise these data support our hypothesis and provide insight into LFN actions. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Chang, Chiou Ling; Geib, Scott] USDA ARS PBARC PWA, Hilo, HI USA. [Cho, Il Kyu; Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI USA. [Stanley, David] USDA ARS BCIRL, Columbia, MO USA. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM stella.chang@ars.usda.gov OI Geib, Scott/0000-0002-9511-5139 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement [58-5320-8-410]; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health [G12 MD007601] FX Grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-5320-8-410; Grant number: G12 MD007601; Grant sponsor: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0739-4462 EI 1520-6327 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 86 IS 4 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1002/arch.21169 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA AL9VY UT WOS:000339492700001 PM 24753137 ER PT J AU Williams, MM AF Williams, Martin M., II TI A bioenergy feedstock/vegetable double-cropping system SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; Cover crop; Farmgate value; Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata); Rye (Secale cereale); Weed control ID PUMPKIN YIELD; COVER; RYE; NITROGEN; RESIDUE; MULCHES AB Certain warm-season vegetable crops may lend themselves to bioenergy double-cropping systems, which involve growing a winter annual bioenergy feedstock crop followed by a summer annual crop. The objective of the study was to compare crop productivity and weed communities in different pumpkin production systems, varying in tillage, cover crop, and bioenergy feedstock/pumpkin double-cropping. Using a fall-planted rye (Secale cereale) + hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) mixture as a candidate feedstock, on average 9.9 Mg ha(-1) of dry biomass was produced prior to pumpkin planting. Pumpkin yields in the cover crop system, which involved leaving the bioenergy feedstock on the soil surface, ranged from 49% to 65% of the conventional pumpkin system. When the bioenergy feedstock was removed, pumpkin yields in the feedstock tillage system were comparable to the conventional pumpkin system. Weeds remained problematic in all cropping systems; however, cropping systems without tillage (i.e. no-tillage and feedstock no-till systems) had among the highest weed population densities in pumpkin. The feedstock tillage system reduced potentially leachable soil N in the spring, produced enough bioenergy feedstock to theoretically yield an estimated 3260 liters of ethanol ha(-1) without negatively affecting processing pumpkin yield, and had a farmgate value comparable to, or greater than, the conventional pumpkin production system currently used by growers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Illinois, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@illinois.edu OI Williams, Martin/0000-0002-6302-7724 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 59 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.05.025 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AM1IU UT WOS:000339600400033 ER PT J AU Brown, P Gipson, C AF Brown, Patricia Gipson, Chester TI A word from OLAW and USDA SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brown, Patricia] NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,US DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gipson, Chester] APHIS, USDA, AC, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,US DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 EI 1548-4475 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 8 BP 267 EP 267 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AM1KP UT WOS:000339605100016 PM 25050725 ER PT J AU Mellon, JE Dowd, MK Beltz, SB Moore, GG AF Mellon, J. E. Dowd, M. K. Beltz, S. B. Moore, G. G. TI Growth inhibitory effects of gossypol and related compounds on fungal cotton root pathogens SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fungal soil pathogens; growth inhibition; natural products; terpenoids ID TERPENOID PHYTOALEXINS; CELL-LINES; (-)-GOSSYPOL; 6,6'-DIMETHOXYGOSSYPOL; 6-METHOXYGOSSYPOL; APOGOSSYPOLONE; (+)-GOSSYPOL; CYTOTOXICITY; ENANTIOMERS; RESISTANCE AB The effect of the terpenoids gossypol, 6-methoxygossypol, 6,6'-dimethoxygossypol, gossypolone and apogossypolone on growth of fungal soil pathogens was investigated. The compounds were tested at a concentration of 100 mu g ml(-1) in a Czapek Dox agar medium at 25 degrees C. Gossypol, gossypolone and apogossypolone demonstrated strong growth inhibitory activity (>= 90%) against Pythium irregulare, Pythium ultimum and Fusarium oxysporum. These same terpenoids provided good growth inhibition against most Rhizoctonia solani isolates. Methylated gossypol derivatives generally yielded reduced growth inhibition against the tested fungi compared with gossypol. Dose-response effects of gossypol, gossypolone and apogossypolone were determined over a concentration range of 5-100 mu g ml(-1) against P. irregulare CR1, P. ultimum ATCC 56081 and R. solani CR15. At lower concentrations, gossypol proved to be a more potent growth inhibitor of P. irregulare (ED50 = 4 mu g ml(-1)) and P. ultimum (ED50 = 13.2 mu g ml(-1)) than the other tested compounds. Rhizoctonia solani CR15 was more resistant to growth inhibitory effects of all tested terpenoids (ED50 = 35-43 mu g ml(-1)). C1 [Mellon, J. E.; Dowd, M. K.; Beltz, S. B.; Moore, G. G.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Mellon, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Jay.Mellon@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0266-8254 EI 1472-765X J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 59 IS 2 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1111/lam.12262 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AL9UL UT WOS:000339487400006 PM 24713043 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Fergen, JK AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Fergen, Janet K. TI Predator community structure and trophic linkage strength to a focal prey SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Diabrotica virgifera; predator abundance; predator diversity; prey defence; soil food web ID COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; GENERALIST PREDATORS; HEMOLYMPH DEFENSE; NATURAL ENEMIES; FOOD-WEB; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; PEST; SERVICES; POPULATIONS AB Predator abundance and community structure can affect the suppression of lower trophic levels, although studies of these interactions under field conditions are relatively few. We investigated how the frequency of consumption (measured using PCR-based gut content analysis) is affected by predator abundance, community diversity and evenness under realistic conditions. Soil arthropod communities in sixteen maize fields were measured (number of predators, diversity [Shannon H] and evenness [J]), and predator guts were searched for DNA of the focal subterranean herbivore, the corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera). Predator abundance and diversity were positively correlated with trophic linkage strength (the proportion positive for rootworm DNA), although the latter characteristic was not significantly so. The diversity and evenness of the predator community with chewing mouthparts were strongly correlated with their linkage strength to rootworms, whereas the linkage strength of fluid-feeding predators was unaffected by their community characteristics. Within this community, chewing predators are more affected by the rootworm's hemolymph defence. This research clearly shows that predator abundance and diversity influence the strength of a community's trophic linkage to a focal pest and that these community characteristics may be particularly important for less palatable or protected prey species. We also make the case for conserving diverse and abundant predator communities within agroecosystems as a form of pest management. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.; Fergen, Janet K.] ARS, USDA, North Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, North Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Jonathan.Lundgren@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 15 SI SI BP 3790 EP 3798 DI 10.1111/mec.12700 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AL9UK UT WOS:000339487300017 PM 24612337 ER PT J AU Greenstone, MH Payton, ME Weber, DC Simmons, AM AF Greenstone, Matthew H. Payton, Mark E. Weber, Donald C. Simmons, Alvin M. TI The detectability half-life in arthropod predator-prey research: what it is, why we need it, how to measure it, and how to use it SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; molecular gut-content analysis; polymerase chain reaction; predator-prey interactions ID GUT-CONTENT-ANALYSIS; INVERTEBRATE GENERALIST PREDATORS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SPIDER FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; DNA DETECTION SUCCESS; TIME-RELATED DECAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ALTERNATIVE PREY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB Molecular gut-content analysis enables detection of arthropod predation with minimal disruption of ecosystem processes. Most assays produce only qualitative results, with each predator testing either positive or negative for target prey remains. Nevertheless, they have yielded important insights into community processes. For example, they have confirmed the long-hypothesized role of generalist predators in retarding early-season build-up of pest populations prior to the arrival of more specialized predators and parasitoids and documented the ubiquity of secondary and intraguild predation. However, raw qualitative gut-content data cannot be used to assess the relative impact of different predator taxa on prey population dynamics: they must first be weighted by the relative detectability periods for molecular prey remains for each predator-prey combination. If this is not carried out, interpretations of predator impact will be biased towards those with the longest detectabilities. We review the challenges in determining detectability half-lives, including unstated assumptions that have often been ignored in the performance of feeding trials. We also show how detectability half-lives can be used to properly weight assay data to rank predators by their importance in prey population suppression, and how sets of half-lives can be used to test hypotheses concerning predator ecology and physiology. We use data from 32 publications, comprising 97 half-lives, to generate and test hypotheses on taxonomic differences in detectability half-lives and discuss the possible role of the detectability half-life in interpreting qPCR and next-generation sequencing data. C1 [Greenstone, Matthew H.; Weber, Donald C.] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Payton, Mark E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Simmons, Alvin M.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Greenstone, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM matt.greenstone@ars.usda.gov NR 103 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 13 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 15 SI SI BP 3799 EP 3813 DI 10.1111/mec.12552 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AL9UK UT WOS:000339487300018 PM 24303920 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Schofield, MR Chapman, EG Harwood, JD AF Welch, Kelton D. Schofield, Matthew R. Chapman, Eric G. Harwood, James D. TI Comparing rates of springtail predation by web-building spiders using Bayesian inference SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternative prey; detritivore; gut-content analysis; predation rate ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; LINYPHIID SPIDERS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PREY-CAPTURE; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION BEHAVIOR; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; FORAGING DECISIONS; TROPHIC LINKS; WINTER-WHEAT AB A major goal of gut-content analysis is to quantify predation rates by predators in the field, which could provide insights into the mechanisms behind ecosystem structure and function, as well as quantification of ecosystem services provided. However, percentage-positive results from molecular assays are strongly influenced by factors other than predation rate, and thus can only be reliably used to quantify predation rates under very restrictive conditions. Here, we develop two statistical approaches, one using a parametric bootstrap and the other in terms of Bayesian inference, to build upon previous techniques that use DNA decay rates to rank predators by their rate of prey consumption, by allowing a statistical assessment of confidence in the inferred ranking. To demonstrate the utility of this technique in evaluating ecological data, we test web-building spiders for predation on a primary prey item, springtails. Using these approaches we found that an orb-weaving spider consumes springtail prey at a higher rate than a syntopic sheet-weaving spider, despite occupying microhabitats where springtails are less frequently encountered. We suggest that spider-web architecture (orb web vs. sheet web) is a primary determinant of prey-consumption rates within this assemblage of predators, which demonstrates the potential influence of predator foraging behaviour on trophic web structure. We also discuss how additional assumptions can be incorporated into the same analysis to allow broader application of the technique beyond the specific example presented. We believe that such modelling techniques can greatly advance the field of molecular gut-content analysis. C1 [Welch, Kelton D.; Chapman, Eric G.; Harwood, James D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Schofield, Matthew R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Stat, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Welch, KD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCARL, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM keltondouglaswelch@gmail.com OI Schofield, Matthew/0000-0003-1481-2766 FU Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation [KSEF-148-502-10-261]; Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation; University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station State project [KY008043]; NSF [0934516] FX This work was supported by the Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation via Grant Agreement #KSEF-148-502-10-261 with the Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation, and the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station State project KY008043. MRS was partially funded by NSF Grant # 0934516. This is publication number 13-08-143 of the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and is published with the approval of the Director. We are extremely grateful to the editor of Molecular Ecology and three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 15 SI SI BP 3814 EP 3825 DI 10.1111/mec.12721 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AL9UK UT WOS:000339487300019 PM 24635414 ER PT J AU Calla, B Blahut-Beatty, L Koziol, L Zhang, YF Neece, DJ Carbajulca, D Garcia, A Simmonds, DH Clough, SJ AF Calla, Bernarda Blahut-Beatty, Laureen Koziol, Lisa Zhang, Yunfang Neece, David J. Carbajulca, Doris Garcia, Alexandre Simmonds, Daina H. Clough, Steven J. TI Genomic evaluation of oxalate-degrading transgenic soybean in response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE defence; microarray; necrotroph; photosynthesis; transcriptomics; white mould ID CINNAMOYL-COA-REDUCTASE; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; BRASSICA-NAPUS L.; OXALIC-ACID; GENE-EXPRESSION; MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE; RESISTANCE; PLANT; PEROXIDASE; OXIDASE AB Oxalate oxidases (OxO) catalyse the degradation of oxalic acid (OA). Highly resistant transgenic soybean carrying an OxO gene and its susceptible parent soybean line, AC Colibri, were tested for genome-wide gene expression in response to the necrotrophic, OA-producing pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using soybean cDNA microarrays. The genes with changed expression at statistically significant levels (overall F-test P-value cut-off of 0.0001) were classified into functional categories and pathways, and were analysed to evaluate the differences in transcriptome profiles. Although many genes and pathways were found to be similarly activated or repressed in both genotypes after inoculation with S. sclerotiorum, the OxO genotype displayed a measurably faster induction of basal defence responses, as observed by the differential changes in defence-related and secondary metabolite genes compared with its susceptible parent AC Colibri. In addition, the experiment presented provides data on several other transcripts that support the hypothesis that S. sclerotiorum at least partially elicits the hypersensitive response, induces lignin synthesis (cinnamoyl CoA reductase) and elicits as yet unstudied signalling pathways (G-protein-coupled receptor and related). Of the nine genes showing the most extreme opposite directions of expression between genotypes, eight were related to photosynthesis and/or oxidation, highlighting the importance of redox in the control of this pathogen. C1 [Calla, Bernarda; Carbajulca, Doris; Garcia, Alexandre; Clough, Steven J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Blahut-Beatty, Laureen; Koziol, Lisa; Zhang, Yunfang; Simmonds, Daina H.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereals & Oilseeds Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Neece, David J.; Clough, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Clough, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM steven.clough@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Sclerotinia Initiative; Ontario Soybean Board FX The authors would like to thank the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Sclerotinia Initiative and the Ontario Soybean Board for generous financial support, as well as Sheryl Hubbard and Suqin Zheng for technical assistance. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-6722 EI 1364-3703 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 563 EP 575 DI 10.1111/mpp.12115 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8ZX UT WOS:000339430000004 PM 24382019 ER PT J AU Calla, B Blahut-Beatty, L Koziol, L Simmonds, DH Clough, SJ AF Calla, Bernarda Blahut-Beatty, Laureen Koziol, Lisa Simmonds, Daina H. Clough, Steven J. TI Transcriptome analyses suggest a disturbance of iron homeostasis in soybean leaves during white mould disease establishment SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron; leaf; oxalic acid; pathology; redox; Sclerotinia ID WALL-DEGRADING ENZYMES; SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; OXALIC-ACID; RNA-SEQ; PLANT FERRITIN; OXALATE; GENE; PH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PATHOGENICITY AB Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a serious pathogen of numerous crops around the world. The major virulence factor of this pathogen is oxalic acid (OA). Mutants that cannot produce OA do not cause disease, and plants that express enzymes that degrade OA, such as oxalate oxidase (OxO), are very resistant to S. sclerotiorum. To examine the effect of OA on plants, we infiltrated soybean leaves with 5 mM OA and examined the gene expression changes at 2 h post-infiltration. By comparing the gene expression levels between leaves of a transgenic soybean carrying an OxO gene (OxO) and its parent AC Colibri (AC) infiltrated with OA (pH 2.4) or water (pH 2.4 or 5.5), we were able to compare the effects of OA dependent or independent of its pH. Gene expression by microarray analysis identified 2390 genes that showed changes in expression, as determined using an overall F-test P-value cut-off of 0.001. The additional requirement that at least one pairwise t-test false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P value should be less than 0.001 reduced the list of the most highly significant differentially expressed genes to 1054. Independent of pH, OA altered the expression levels of 78 genes, with ferritin showing the strongest induction by OA. The combination of OA plus its low pH caused 1045 genes (99% of all significant genes) to be differentially expressed, with many of the up-regulated genes being related to basal defence, such as genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway and various cytochrome P450s. RNA-seq was also conducted on four samples: OxO and AC genotypes infiltrated with either OA pH 2.4 or water pH 2.4. The RNA-seq analysis also identified ferritin paralogues as being strongly induced by OA. As the expression of ferritin, a gene that encodes for an iron storage protein, is induced by free iron, these results suggest that S. sclerotiorum benefits from the ability of OA to free iron from plant proteins, as this induces host cell death, and also allows the uptake and assimilation of the iron for its own metabolic needs. C1 [Calla, Bernarda; Clough, Steven J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Blahut-Beatty, Laureen; Koziol, Lisa; Simmonds, Daina H.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereals & Oilseeds Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Clough, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Clough, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM steven.clough@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Services; USDA National Sclerotinia Initiative; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada FX We are grateful to Dr J. Rollins (University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA) for providing the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Oah- mutant and freely sharing his helpful insights. The authors express gratitude for generous funding through the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Services, USDA National Sclerotinia Initiative and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-6722 EI 1364-3703 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 576 EP 588 DI 10.1111/mpp.12113 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8ZX UT WOS:000339430000005 PM 24330102 ER PT J AU Wang, SC Wong, DB Forrest, K Allen, A Chao, SM Huang, BE Maccaferri, M Salvi, S Milner, SG Cattivelli, L Mastrangelo, AM Whan, A Stephen, S Barker, G Wieseke, R Plieske, J Lillemo, M Mather, D Appels, R Dolferus, R Brown-Guedira, G Korol, A Akhunova, AR Feuillet, C Salse, J Morgante, M Pozniak, C Luo, MC Dvorak, J Morell, M Dubcovsky, J Ganal, M Tuberosa, R Lawley, C Mikoulitch, I Cavanagh, C Edwards, KJ Hayden, M Akhunov, E AF Wang, Shichen Wong, Debbie Forrest, Kerrie Allen, Alexandra Chao, Shiaoman Huang, Bevan E. Maccaferri, Marco Salvi, Silvio Milner, Sara G. Cattivelli, Luigi Mastrangelo, Anna M. Whan, Alex Stephen, Stuart Barker, Gary Wieseke, Ralf Plieske, Joerg Lillemo, Morten Mather, Diane Appels, Rudi Dolferus, Rudy Brown-Guedira, Gina Korol, Abraham Akhunova, Alina R. Feuillet, Catherine Salse, Jerome Morgante, Michele Pozniak, Curtis Luo, Ming-Cheng Dvorak, Jan Morell, Matthew Dubcovsky, Jorge Ganal, Martin Tuberosa, Roberto Lawley, Cindy Mikoulitch, Ivan Cavanagh, Colin Edwards, Keith J. Hayden, Matthew Akhunov, Eduard CA Int Wheat Genome Sequencing TI Characterization of polyploid wheat genomic diversity using a high-density 90 000 single nucleotide polymorphism array SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE single nucleotide polymorphism; polyploid wheat; wheat iSelect array; genotyping; high-density map; genetic diversity ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; WIDE ASSOCIATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; SNP DISCOVERY; DURUM-WHEAT; POPULATION; SEQUENCE AB High-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays are a powerful tool for studying genomic patterns of diversity, inferring ancestral relationships between individuals in populations and studying marker-trait associations in mapping experiments. We developed a genotyping array including about 90 000 gene-associated SNPs and used it to characterize genetic variation in allohexaploid and allotetraploid wheat populations. The array includes a significant fraction of common genome-wide distributed SNPs that are represented in populations of diverse geographical origin. We used density-based spatial clustering algorithms to enable high-throughput genotype calling in complex data sets obtained for polyploid wheat. We show that these model-free clustering algorithms provide accurate genotype calling in the presence of multiple clusters including clusters with low signal intensity resulting from significant sequence divergence at the target SNP site or gene deletions. Assays that detect low-intensity clusters can provide insight into the distribution of presence-absence variation (PAV) in wheat populations. A total of 46 977 SNPs from the wheat 90K array were genetically mapped using a combination of eight mapping populations. The developed array and cluster identification algorithms provide an opportunity to infer detailed haplotype structure in polyploid wheat and will serve as an invaluable resource for diversity studies and investigating the genetic basis of trait variation in wheat. C1 [Wang, Shichen; Akhunov, Eduard] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wong, Debbie; Forrest, Kerrie; Hayden, Matthew] AgriBioSciences, Dept Environm & Primary Ind, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. [Allen, Alexandra; Barker, Gary; Edwards, Keith J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Chao, Shiaoman] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Huang, Bevan E.] CSIRO, Computat Informat & Food Futures Natl Res Flagshi, Dutton Pk, Qld, Australia. [Maccaferri, Marco; Salvi, Silvio; Milner, Sara G.; Tuberosa, Roberto] Univ Bologna, Dept Agr Sci, Bologna, Italy. [Cattivelli, Luigi] Consiglio Ric Sperimentazione Agr, Genom Res Ctr, Fiorenzuola Darda, Italy. [Mastrangelo, Anna M.] Consiglio Ric Sperimentazione Agr, Cereal Res Ctr, Foggia, Italy. [Whan, Alex; Stephen, Stuart; Appels, Rudi; Morell, Matthew; Cavanagh, Colin] CSIRO, Plant Ind & Food Futures Natl Res Flagship, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Wieseke, Ralf; Plieske, Joerg; Ganal, Martin] TraitGenetics GmbH, Gatersleben, Germany. [Int Wheat Genome Sequencing] IWGSC, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lillemo, Morten] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant Sci, As, Norway. [Mather, Diane] Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Waite Res Inst, Urrbrae, SA, Australia. [Appels, Rudi] Murdoch Univ, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Brown-Guedira, Gina] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Small Grains Genotyping Lab, Raleigh, NC USA. [Korol, Abraham] Univ Haifa, Dept Evolutionary & Environm Biol, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. [Korol, Abraham] Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. [Akhunova, Alina R.] Kansas State Univ, K State Integrated Genom Facil, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Feuillet, Catherine; Salse, Jerome] Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, UMR 1095, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Morgante, Michele] Univ Udine, Dept Crop & Environm Sci, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Pozniak, Curtis] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Pozniak, Curtis] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Luo, Ming-Cheng; Dvorak, Jan; Dubcovsky, Jorge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dubcovsky, Jorge] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Lawley, Cindy; Mikoulitch, Ivan] Illumina Inc, Hayward, CA USA. RP Hayden, M (reprint author), AgriBioSciences, Dept Environm & Primary Ind, La Trobe R&D Pk, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. EM matthew.hayden@dpi.vic.gov.au; eakhunov@ksu.edu RI Mather, Diane/A-1857-2009; Huang, Bevan/A-5949-2009; Whan, Alex/H-7046-2012; Tuberosa, Roberto/A-2781-2016; Wang, Shichen/E-6213-2012; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; OI Mather, Diane/0000-0001-7506-2589; Huang, Bevan/0000-0002-1981-5838; Whan, Alex/0000-0002-6839-2915; Tuberosa, Roberto/0000-0001-9143-9569; Wang, Shichen/0000-0003-1441-2252; Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Mastrangelo, Anna Maria/0000-0002-3618-0301; cattivelli, luigi/0000-0002-6067-4600 FU USDA AFRI Triticeae-CAP USDA AFRI [2011-68002-30029, 2009-65300-05638]; Borlaug Global Rust Initiative; National Science Foundation [DBI-0701916]; Department of Primary Industries of Victoria; Grains Research and Development Corporation Australia; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation; CSIRO Food Futures Flagship; Agroalimentare e ricerca; Genome Canada; Genome Prairie; Province of Saskatchewan; Western Grains Research Foundation; BBSRC WISP [BB/I003207/1] FX This project is funded by the USDA AFRI Triticeae-CAP (2011-68002-30029) USDA AFRI (2009-65300-05638), Borlaug Global Rust Initiative, National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program Grants DBI-0701916, Department of Primary Industries of Victoria, Grains Research and Development Corporation Australia, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation (J. Dubcovsky), CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Agroalimentare e ricerca, Genome Canada, Genome Prairie, Province of Saskatchewan and Western Grains Research Foundation. AA and KJE are funded by the BBSRC WISP (BB/I003207/1). We thank the Wheat Genetic Improvement Network for providing Avalon x Cadenza map, Limagrain UK limited for supplying the Savannah x Rialto population, Jingjuan Zhang for Westonia/Kauz population; and Manisha Shankar and Sue Broughton for BT-Schomburgk x AUS33384 and Young x AUS33414 mapping populations. CL and IM are affiliated with Illumina Inc., RW, JP, MG are affiliated with TraitGenetics GmbH. NR 44 TC 228 Z9 242 U1 19 U2 146 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-7644 EI 1467-7652 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 12 IS 6 BP 787 EP 796 DI 10.1111/pbi.12183 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA AL9UR UT WOS:000339488200015 PM 24646323 ER PT J AU Sherman, J Gent, DH AF Sherman, Jennifer Gent, David H. TI Concepts of Sustainability, Motivations for Pest Management Approaches, and Implications for Communicating Change SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CONVENTIONAL FARMERS; DOWNY MILDEW; KNOWLEDGE; ADOPTION; IPM; IMPLEMENTATION; AGRICULTURE; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEMS C1 [Sherman, Jennifer] Washington State Univ, Dept Sociol, Richland, WA USA. [Gent, David H.] Oregon State Univ, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gent, David H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gent, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gentd@onid.orst.edu FU Washington State University; NIFA Regional IPM Program; NIFA Specialty Crops Research Initiative; USDA-ARS [CRIS 5358-21000-040-00] FX Financial support for this research was provided by Washington State University, USDA-ARS CRIS 5358-21000-040-00, NIFA Regional IPM Program, and NIFA Specialty Crops Research Initiative. We thank Dennis Johnson and Doug Walsh for the images in Figure 2. We are grateful for helpful comments and suggestions provided by Kai Schafft, Walt Mahaffee, Megan Twomey, and Neil McRoberts on an earlier draft of the paper. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1024 EP 1035 DI 10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0313-FE PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8CL UT WOS:000339365400001 ER PT J AU Xiao, CL Kim, YK Boal, RJ AF Xiao, C. L. Kim, Y. K. Boal, R. J. TI Sources and Availability of Inoculum and Seasonal Survival of Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in Apple Orchards SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POSTHARVEST FRUIT ROT; TWIG DIEBACK DISEASE; POTEBNIAMYCES-PYRI; WASHINGTON-STATE; PHACIDIOPYCNIS ROT; DANJOU PEARS; TREES; CANKER AB Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens is the cause of Sphaeropsis rot, a recently reported postharvest fruit rot disease of apple. Infection of apple fruit by the fungus is believed to occur in the orchard, and symptoms develop during storage or in the market. S. pyriputrescens also is the cause of a twig dieback and canker disease of apple and crabapple trees. To determine sources of pathogen inoculum in the orchard, twigs with dieback and canker symptoms, dead fruit spurs, dead bark, and fruit mummies on the trees were collected and examined for the presence of pycnidia of S. pyriputrescens. To monitor inoculum availability during the growing season from early May to early November, dead fruit spurs or twigs from Fuji trees, and twigs with dieback from crabapple trees (as a source of pollen for apple production) in a Fuji orchard as well as dead fruit spurs and dead bark from Red Delicious trees in a Red Delicious orchard were sampled periodically and examined for the presence and viability of pycnidia of S. pyriputrescens. To determine seasonal survival and production of pycnidia of the fungus on twigs, apple twigs were inoculated in early December, sampled periodically for up to 12 months after inoculation, examined for the presence of pycnidia, and subjected to isolation of the fungus from diseased tissues to determine its survival. Pycnidia of S. pyriputrescens were observed on diseased twigs, dead fruit spurs and bark, and mummified fruit on both apple and crabapple trees, suggesting that these tissues were the sources of inoculum for fruit infection in the orchard. With the combined observations from two orchards during three growing seasons, viable pycnidia of the fungus were present throughout the year and observed in 50 to 100% of the Fuji trees, >90% of crabapple trees, and 0 to 50% of the Red Delicious trees. S. pyriputrescens was recovered from diseased tissues of inoculated twigs at all sampling times up to 12 months after inoculation. The results suggest that S. pyriputrescens can survive as mycelium in diseased twigs in north-central Washington State and that availability of viable S. pyriputrescens pycnidia is unlikely a limiting factor for infection of apple fruit in the orchard leading to Sphaeropsis rot during storage. C1 [Xiao, C. L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Kim, Y. K.] Pace Int, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Boal, R. J.] Washington State Univ, Tree Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Xiao, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 South Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Chang-Lin.Xiao@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission FX This research was supported in part by the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission. We thank Marty Cochran and Edward Markel for assistance with orchard sampling. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1043 EP 1049 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1218-RE PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8CL UT WOS:000339365400003 ER PT J AU Kuo, YW Gilbertson, RL Turini, T Brennan, EB Smith, RF Koike, ST AF Kuo, Yen-Wen Gilbertson, Robert L. Turini, Tom Brennan, Eric B. Smith, Richard F. Koike, Steven T. TI Characterization and Epidemiology of Outbreaks of Impatiens necrotic spot virus on Lettuce in Coastal California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GROWN POTATOES; 1ST REPORT; UNITED-STATES; WILT-VIRUS; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS; THRIPS THYSANOPTERA; SALINAS VALLEY; TOMATO; TOSPOVIRUSES; INSV AB California is the leading producer of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) for the United States and grows 77% of the country's supply. Prior to 2006, coastal California lettuce was only periodically and incidentally infected by a single tospoviruses species: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). However, beginning in 2006 and continuing through 2012, severe outbreaks of disease caused by Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) have affected the coastal lettuce crop, though TSWV was also present. In contrast, TSWV was the only tospovirus associated with disease outbreaks in Central Valley lettuce during this period. Disease surveys conducted over two seasons (2008 and 2009) in 10 commercial fields (acreage of 6 to 20 ha) indicated that INSV was the only tospovirus associated with economically damaging disease outbreaks in lettuce in the coastal region, with incidences of 0.5 to 27% (mean = 5.7%). Molecular characterization of INSV isolates associated with these disease outbreaks revealed little genetic diversity and indicated that lettuce-infecting INSV isolates were nearly identical to those previously characterized from ornamental or other hosts from different locations in the United States and the world. Monitoring of thrips revealed moderate to large populations in all surveyed lettuce fields, and the majority of thrips identified from these fields were western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. There was significant positive correlation (r(2) = 0.91, P = 0.003) between thrips populations and INSV incidence in the most commonly encountered type of commercial lettuce (romaine, direct seeded, conventional) included in this study. A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay developed for detection of INSV in thrips showed promise as a monitoring tool in the field. Surveys for INSV reservoir hosts in the coastal production area revealed that the weeds little mallow (Malva parvifolia) and shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) were commonly infected. M. parvifolia plants infected in the field did not show obvious symptoms, whereas plants of this species inoculated in the laboratory with INSV by sap transmission developed necrotic spots and chlorosis. Eleven other weed species growing in the lettuce production areas were found to be hosts of INSV. Coastal crops found to be infected with INSV included basil (Ocimum basilicum), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica), faba bean (Vicia faba), radicchio (Cichorium intybus), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Thus, it is likely that INSV was introduced into coastal California lettuce fields via viruliferous thrips that initially acquired the virus from other local susceptible plant species. Results of this study provide a better understanding of INSV epidemiology in coastal California and may help growers devise appropriate disease management strategies. C1 [Kuo, Yen-Wen; Gilbertson, Robert L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Turini, Tom] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Fresno, CA 93702 USA. [Brennan, Eric B.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Smith, Richard F.; Koike, Steven T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. RP Koike, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. EM stkoike@ucdavis.edu FU California Leafy Greens Research Board; Milton D. and Mary M. Miller Plant Science Award, University of California at Davis FX This research was supported, in part, by the California Leafy Greens Research Board and a 2006 Milton D. and Mary M. Miller Plant Science Award, University of California at Davis, awarded to S. T. Koike. S. T. Koike thanks C O'Donnell, M. Hoddle, and L. Mound for assistance with thrips identifications. We thank P. Ayala, R. Hathaway, A. Heinrich, K. Kammeijer, I. Kile, A. Koike, G. McClellan, L. Murphy, M. Poe, M. Silva-Ruiz, J. Smith, and M. Zischke for assisting with this study; and S. V. Joseph and N. McRoberts for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1050 EP 1059 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-13-0681-R PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8CL UT WOS:000339365400004 ER PT J AU Strausbaugh, CA Wenninger, EJ Eujayl, IA AF Strausbaugh, Carl A. Wenninger, Erik J. Eujayl, Imad A. TI Control of Curly Top in Sugar Beet with Seed and Foliar Insecticides SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES; SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES; NILAPARVATA-LUGENS; BROWN PLANTHOPPER; IRAN-VIRUS; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; AGE; GEMINIVIRUS AB Curly top in sugar beet is a serious problem that is caused by Beet curly top virus and other closely related species and transmitted by the beet leafhopper. In order to find a means of reducing curly top in sugar beet, 15 combinations of insecticide seed (Poncho, Poncho Beta, and Poncho Votivo) and foliar (Asana, Cyazypyr, Lorsban, Mustang, Scorpion, and Sivanto) treatments were evaluated versus an untreated check during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. An epiphytotic was created by releasing viruliferous beet leafhoppers 58 to 59 days after planting. The foliar sprays were applied 6 to 7 days before and again 6 to 8 days after leafhopper release. Seed treatments (active ingredient: clothianidin) were able to reduce symptoms by 26 to 42% and increase recoverable sucrose by 16 to 21%. The pyrethroids Asana and Mustang also performed well by reducing symptoms 22 to 56% and increasing yields 13 to 20%. The neonicotinoid seed treatments should be an effective way of supplementing host resistance for early-season (at least 59 days after planting) curly top control in sugar beet. The pyrethroid foliar applications could be used to extend curly top control during the midseason period and provide resistance management. C1 [Strausbaugh, Carl A.; Eujayl, Imad A.] USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Wenninger, Erik J.] Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Strausbaugh, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM Carl.Strausbaugh@ars.usda.gov OI Strausbaugh, Carl/0000-0001-6773-1375 FU United States Department of Agriculture CRIS project [5368-21220-004-00D]; Snake River Sugar Company; Beet Sugar Development Foundation; Snake River sugar beet growers FX These data support the objectives for the United States Department of Agriculture CRIS project 5368-21220-004-00D. We thank the Snake River Sugar Company; Beet Sugar Development Foundation; and Snake River sugar beet growers for supporting our research work; and J. Reed, D. Kenney, T. Brown, N. Perdomo, V. Adamson, M. Williams, and A. Carroll for their technical support efforts. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1075 EP 1080 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1260-RE PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8CL UT WOS:000339365400007 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Hughes, ME AF Kolmer, J. A. Hughes, M. E. TI Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2012 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; F-SP TRITICI; NORTH-AMERICA; SPRING WHEAT; VIRULENCE; POPULATIONS; CANADA; CULTIVARS; DIVERSITY AB Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected leaves provided by cooperators throughout the United States and from wheat fields and breeding plots by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service personnel and cooperators in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, southeastern states, and Washington State and Idaho in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2012. Single uredinial isolates (501 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on 20 lines of 'Thatcher' wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. In 2012, 74 virulence phenotypes were described in the United States. Virulence phenotypes TNBGJ, TCRKG, and MBTNB were the three most common phenotypes. Phenotype TNBGJ is virulent to Lr39/41 and was widely distributed throughout the hard red winter wheat region of the Great Plains. Phenotype TCRKG is virulent to Lrl1, Lr18, and Lr26 and was found mostly in the soft red winter wheat region in the eastern United States. Phenotype MBTNB is virulent to Lr11 and was also found mostly in the soft red winter wheat region. The frequency of isolates with virulence to Lr39/41, which is present in many hard red winter wheat cultivars in the Great Plains region, continued to increase. Isolates with virulence to Lr21, which is present in many hard red spring wheat cultivars, also continued to increase in frequency in the northern Great Plains region. C1 [Kolmer, J. A.; Hughes, M. E.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Jim.Kolmer@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1145 EP 1150 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1267-SR PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8CL UT WOS:000339365400016 ER PT J AU Koike, ST Bolda, MP Bull, CT AF Koike, S. T. Bolda, M. P. Bull, C. T. TI Pseudomonas Blight Caused by Pseudomonas syringae on Raspberry in California. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Koike, S. T.; Bolda, M. P.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. [Bull, C. T.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Koike, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1151 EP 1152 DI 10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0041-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8CL UT WOS:000339365400019 ER PT J AU Wechter, WP Keinath, AP Smith, JP Farnham, MW Bull, CT Schofield, DA AF Wechter, W. P. Keinath, A. P. Smith, J. P. Farnham, M. W. Bull, C. T. Schofield, D. A. TI First Report of Bacterial Leaf Blight on Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea) Caused by Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis in Mississippi. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID CRUCIFERS C1 [Wechter, W. P.; Farnham, M. W.] ARS, USDA, US Veg Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Keinath, A. P.] Clemson Univ, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Smith, J. P.] Clemson Univ, Lexington, SC 29072 USA. [Bull, C. T.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. [Schofield, D. A.] Guild Associates Inc, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Wechter, WP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Veg Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1151 EP 1151 DI 10.1094/PDIS-09-13-0966-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8CL UT WOS:000339365400017 ER PT J AU Li, J Gaskins, VL Yan, HJ Luo, YG Jurick, WM AF Li, J. Gaskins, V. L. Yan, H. J. Luo, Y. G. Jurick, W. M., II TI First Report of Mucor Rot on Stored 'Gala' Apple Fruit Caused by Mucor piriformis in Pennsylvania SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Li, J.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Gaskins, V. L.; Luo, Y. G.; Jurick, W. M., II] USDA ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Yan, H. J.] Key Lab Food Qual & Safety Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. RP Li, J (reprint author), Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1157 EP 1157 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0149-PDN PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8CL UT WOS:000339365400034 ER PT J AU Long, MH Ayin, C Li, R Hu, JS Melzer, MJ AF Long, M. H. Ayin, C. Li, R. Hu, J. S. Melzer, M. J. TI First Report of Taro vein chlorosis virus Infecting Taro (Colocasia esculenta) in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Long, M. H.; Ayin, C.; Hu, J. S.; Melzer, M. J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Li, R.] USDA ARS, NGRL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Long, MH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1160 EP 1161 DI 10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1277-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8CL UT WOS:000339365400042 ER PT J AU Roy, A Leon, MG Stone, AL Schneider, WL Hartung, JS Brlansky, RH AF Roy, Avijit Leon, M. G. Stone, A. L. Schneider, W. L. Hartung, J. S. Brlansky, R. H. TI First Report of Citrus leprosis virus Nuclear Type in Sweet Orange in Colombia SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Roy, Avijit; Brlansky, R. H.] Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Leon, M. G.] CORPOICA, Ctr Invest La Libertad, Villavicencio, Colombia. [Stone, A. L.; Schneider, W. L.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Hartung, J. S.] USDA ARS, MPPL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roy, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1162 EP 1163 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0117-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8CL UT WOS:000339365400047 ER PT J AU Tian, T Posis, K Maroon-Lango, CJ Mavrodieva, V Haymes, S Pitman, TL Falk, BW AF Tian, T. Posis, K. Maroon-Lango, C. J. Mavrodieva, V. Haymes, S. Pitman, T. L. Falk, B. W. TI First Report of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus on Melon in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Tian, T.; Posis, K.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Maroon-Lango, C. J.; Mavrodieva, V.; Haymes, S.] USDA APHIS PPQ, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pitman, T. L.; Falk, B. W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Tian, T (reprint author), Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1163 EP 1164 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0176-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8CL UT WOS:000339365400050 ER PT J AU Singh, PK Donovan, DM Kumar, A AF Singh, Pawan Kumar Donovan, David M. Kumar, Ashok TI Intravitreal Injection of the Chimeric Phage Endolysin Ply187 Protects Mice from Staphylococcus aureus Endophthalmitis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID FATAL PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; BACTERIAL ENDOPHTHALMITIS; POSTOPERATIVE ENDOPHTHALMITIS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; RESCUES MICE; MOUSE MODEL; INFECTIONS; CPL-1; FLORA; PATHOGENESIS AB The treatment of endophthalmitis is becoming very challenging due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Hence, the development of novel therapeutic alternatives for ocular use is essential. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Ply187AN-KSH3b, a chimeric phage endolysin derived from the Ply187 prophage, in a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. Our data showed that the chimeric Ply187 endolysin exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against both methicillin-sensitive S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, as evidenced by MIC determinations, reductions in turbidity, and disruption of biofilms. Moreover, exposure of S. aureus to Ply187 for up to 10 generations did not lead to resistance development. The intravitreal injection of chimeric Ply187 (at 6 or 12 h postinfection) significantly improved the outcome of endophthalmitis, preserved retinal structural integrity, and maintained visual function as assessed by electroretinogram analysis. Furthermore, phage lysin treatment significantly reduced the bacterial burden and the levels of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration in the eyes. These results indicate that the intravitreal administration of a phage lytic enzyme attenuates the development of bacterial endophthalmitis in mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the therapeutic use of phage-based antimicrobials in ocular infections. C1 [Singh, Pawan Kumar; Kumar, Ashok] Wayne State Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Singh, Pawan Kumar; Kumar, Ashok] Wayne State Univ, Kresge Eye Inst, Detroit, MI USA. [Kumar, Ashok] Wayne State Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Detroit, MI USA. [Donovan, David M.] ARS, BARC, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM akuma@med.wayne.edu FU NIH [R01 EY19888]; Research to Prevent Blindness (RPB); William and Mary Greve Special Scholar award FX This research was supported by NIH grant R01 EY19888, Research to Prevent Blindness (RPB), and a William and Mary Greve Special Scholar award. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 58 IS 8 BP 4621 EP 4629 DI 10.1128/AAC.00126-14 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AL6RA UT WOS:000339259200043 PM 24890598 ER PT J AU Manoukis, NC Geib, SM Vargas, RI AF Manoukis, Nicholas C. Geib, Scott M. Vargas, Roger I. TI Effect of host Bactrocera dorsalis sex on yield and quality of the parasitoid Fopius arisanus SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Fruit flies; Egg-pupal parasitoid; Hymenoptera: Braconidae; Dorsalis translocated white pupae; Genetic sexing strain ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; LONGICAUDATA HYMENOPTERA-BRACONIDAE; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; PUPAL COLOR DIMORPHISM; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA; BIOSTERES-ARISANUS; FLY DIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TEPHRITIDAE AB This study examines the effect of host Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) sex on performance of the parasitoid Fopius arisanus Sonan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to enable use of a genetic sexing strain (GSS) to transfer this parasitoid to regions where B. dorsalis is not established with lower risk of accidental introduction of the host. Sex ratio and yield of F. arisanus did not significantly differ between the two sexes of a GSS, or between GSS and a standard colony strain. F1 parasitoids of individuals that emerged from the standard colony strain, male GSS hosts and female GSS hosts had similar hatching and parasitization rates on colony eggs. Survivorship of F1 parasitoids with parents from female hosts was significantly greater than for those from male hosts. Using GSS to improve the safety of parasitoid shipments is suggested to be viable, but there may be fitness effects of host sex on F1 parasitoid fitness. C1 [Manoukis, Nicholas C.; Geib, Scott M.; Vargas, Roger I.] ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Manoukis, NC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM nicholas.manoukis@ars.usda.gov OI Geib, Scott/0000-0002-9511-5139; Manoukis, Nicholas/0000-0001-5062-7256 FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) FX This research would not have been possible without the technical experience and dedicated work of Thomas Mangine, Steven Tam, Michael McKenney, Brian Galvez and Stephanie Gayle. We thank Dr. Bruce Mackey for statistical assistance. This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). Opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USDA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 EI 1573-8248 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD AUG PY 2014 VL 59 IS 4 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1007/s10526-014-9575-x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AL5EI UT WOS:000339155900002 ER PT J AU Gassmann, A De Clerck-Floate, R Sing, S Tosevski, I Mitrovic, M Krstic, O AF Gassmann, Andre De Clerck-Floate, Rosemarie Sing, Sharlene Tosevski, Ivo Mitrovic, Milana Krstic, Olivier TI Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Common toadflax; Yellow toadflax; Curculionidae; Host range tests; Pre-release studies; Biological control of weeds ID TRIBE ANTIRRHINEAE SCROPHULARIACEAE; DALMATIAN TOADFLAX; FEEDING INSECTS; CANADIAN WEEDS; PHYLOGENY; MILL; PLANTAGINACEAE; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; SEQUENCES AB Linaria vulgaris Mill. (Plantaginaceae), common or yellow toadflax, is a Eurasian short-lived perennial forb invasive throughout temperate North America. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is a univoltine shoot-galling weevil found exclusively on L. vulgaris in Europe. Under no-choice test conditions, 13 non-native Linaria species exposed to R. pilosa were accepted for oviposition and most were found to be suitable, to varying degrees, for gall and larval development. Adult feeding and survival was minimal on native North American species in the plant tribe Antirrhineae which includes the target plant. In no-choice tests with 63 native North American species and 24 other non-target species outside Linaria, oviposition was limited to four native North American species. Only three larvae developed to the adult stage on Sairocarpus virga (A. Gray) D.A. Sutton, with no negative impact on plant growth. Risks to native flora from the release of R. pilosa are therefore expected to be minimal. The Technical Advisory Group for the Biological Control of Weeds (TAG-BCW) has recommended release of R. pilosa in September 2013. C1 [Gassmann, Andre; Tosevski, Ivo] CABI, CH-2800 Delemont, Switzerland. [De Clerck-Floate, Rosemarie] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Sing, Sharlene] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Tosevski, Ivo; Mitrovic, Milana; Krstic, Olivier] Inst Plant Protect & Environm, Dept Plant Pests, Banatska, Zemun, Serbia. RP Gassmann, A (reprint author), CABI, Rue Grillons 1, CH-2800 Delemont, Switzerland. EM a.gassmann@cabi.org; rosemarie.declerck-floate@agr.gc.ca; ssing@fs.fed.us; tosevski_ivo@yahoo.com; milanadesancic@yahoo.co.uk; oliverk13@yahoo.com OI Krstic, Oliver/0000-0003-3688-2132; Tosevski, Ivo/0000-0002-3666-3151 FU Toadflax Biological Control Consortium through Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations; British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture; California Department of Food and Agriculture; Montana Noxious Weed Trust Fund (through Montana State University); USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; USDA APHIS PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology; Wyoming Biological Control Steering Committee FX We are most grateful for the laboratory assistance of J. Jovic in Serbia, and E. Barnewall, E. Pavlik and C. Durand in Canada. R. Caldara (Milano, Italy) is acknowledged for his important contribution to the classical taxonomy of Rhinusa, and B. Emerson, G. Hernandez-Vera and L. Legarreta (University of East Anglia, Norwich) whose timely molecular analyses resolved key issues related to the phylogeny of Rhinusa pilosa and relatives. Funding for this research was enabled by the Toadflax Biological Control Consortium, through long-persistent support and interest from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Montana Noxious Weed Trust Fund (through Montana State University), USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA APHIS PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, and Wyoming Biological Control Steering Committee. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 EI 1573-8248 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD AUG PY 2014 VL 59 IS 4 BP 473 EP 483 DI 10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AL5EI UT WOS:000339155900009 ER PT J AU Brazee, NJ Lindner, DL D'Amato, AW Fraver, S Forrester, JA Mladenoff, DJ AF Brazee, Nicholas J. Lindner, Daniel L. D'Amato, Anthony W. Fraver, Shawn Forrester, Jodi A. Mladenoff, David J. TI Disturbance and diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi: effects of canopy gaps and downed woody debris SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Decay fungi; Gap-phase; Northern hardwoods; Sugar maple; Restoration ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BOREAL SPRUCE FORESTS; RED-LISTED POLYPORES; DANISH BEECH-FORESTS; PICEA-ABIES FOREST; OLD-GROWTH; DECAYING FUNGI; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; DOMINATED FORESTS AB Experimental canopy gap formation and additions of coarse woody debris (CWD) are techniques intended to mimic the disturbance regime and accelerate the development of northern hardwood forests. The effects of these techniques on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning were investigated by surveying the abundance and diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in six treatments: (i) unharvested control, (ii) control + fenced to exclude deer, (iii) gap creation + fenced to exclude deer, (iv) gap creation, (v) gap creation + CWD addition, and (vi) CWD addition under closed-canopy. A total of 1,885 fungal occurrences (polyporoid and corticoid fruiting bodies) representing 130 species were recorded on 11 tree species, with eight fungal species accounting for 52 % of all observations. A linear mixed model demonstrated significant differences in the abundance and diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi by treatment, with the gap creation + CWD addition treatment supporting the highest abundance and richness of fungal species. Non-metric multidimensional scaling demonstrated that stumps, sugar maple substrates, medium (20 to < 25 cm) and large-diameter (> 40 cm) substrates most strongly influenced fungal species occurrences. Rarefaction curves indicated that smaller diameter substrates (< 20 cm) supported a rich fungal community, yet substrates in the largest diameter class (> 40 cm) supported nearly 25 % of all fungal species detected. Rarefaction curves also highlighted the importance of well-decayed substrates and minor host tree species. A subset of fungal species was significantly more abundant in gap treatments. The results indicate that wood-inhabiting fungi are responsive to forest management intended to promote the structural attributes of old-growth northern hardwood forests. C1 [Brazee, Nicholas J.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Agr, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Lindner, Daniel L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fraver, Shawn] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Forrester, Jodi A.; Mladenoff, David J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Brazee, NJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Agr, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. EM nbrazee@umass.edu FU USDA/DOE Biomass Research and Development Initiative [2009-10006-05948]; Minnesota Forest Resources Council; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [206-55101-17060]; Wisconsin DNR Division of Forestry; Wisconsin DNR Bureau of Integrated Science Services, Pittman-Robertson Funds FX We thank Amy Milo and Tera Galante for assistance with field sampling, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana for archival of collected fungal specimens and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on a previous version of this manuscript. This study was supported by the USDA/DOE Biomass Research and Development Initiative (#2009-10006-05948), the Minnesota Forest Resources Council, and the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. This work was also supported by the Managed Ecosystems Program of the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (#206-55101-17060), Wisconsin DNR Division of Forestry and the Wisconsin DNR Bureau of Integrated Science Services, Pittman-Robertson Funds. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 71 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2155 EP 2172 DI 10.1007/s10531-014-0710-x PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL4LK UT WOS:000339104300002 ER PT J AU Johnson, ET Dowd, PF Hughes, SR AF Johnson, Eric T. Dowd, Patrick F. Hughes, Stephen R. TI Expression of a wolf spider toxin in tobacco inhibits the growth of microbes and insects SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cigarette beetle larvae; Corn earworm larvae; Eradication; Insect irradication; Lycotoxins; Transgenic tobacco plants; Wolf spider toxin ID PEPTIDE; PLANTS; VENOM; RESISTANCE; ACID; ZEA AB Lycotoxin I, from the wolf spider (Lycosa carolinensis), is an amphipathic pore-forming peptide that has antimicrobial and anti-insect activity. Constitutive expression of a lycotoxin I modified for oral toxicity to insects in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) conferred significantly enhanced resistance to larvae of the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) and cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne). Gene expression levels of modified lycotoxin I were negatively correlated to the survival of corn earworm larvae. In addition, pathogenic symptoms caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tabaci and Alternaria alternata on the modified lycotoxin I-expressing leaves were significantly less severe than on wild type leaves. These results indicate that modified lycotoxin I expression in tobacco can potentially protect leaf tissue from a broad spectrum of pests and pathogens. C1 [Johnson, Eric T.; Dowd, Patrick F.] USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Hughes, Stephen R.] USDA ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Johnson, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM eric.johnson2@ars.usda.gov OI Johnson, Eric/0000-0002-1665-6229 FU CRIS Project base funds from the USDA [3620-42000-040-00D] FX We thank Margaret E. Daub for providing the Alternaria isolate. David Lee, Mark Doehring, and Kay Shopinski provided excellent technical assistance. This study was supported by CRIS Project 3620-42000-040-00D base funds from the USDA. The mention of firm names or trade products in this manuscript does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the USDA over other firms or similar products not mentioned. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 EI 1573-6776 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1735 EP 1742 DI 10.1007/s10529-014-1536-z PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AL3DF UT WOS:000339004900022 PM 24770871 ER PT J AU Fiello, M Mikell, AT Moore, MT Cooper, CM AF Fiello, M. Mikell, A. T., Jr. Moore, M. T. Cooper, C. M. TI Variability in the Characterization of Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms and Escherichia coli in Recreational Water Supplies of North Mississippi, USA SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Membrane filter; API-20E; Standard methods; Indicator ID IDENTIFICATION; INDICATOR; O157-H7 AB The fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, is a historical organism for the detection of fecal pollution in water supplies. The presence of E. coli indicates a potential contamination of the water supply by other more hazardous human pathogens. In order to accurately determine the presence and degree of fecal contamination, it is important that standard methods approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency are designed to determine the presence of E. coli in a water supply, and distinguish E. coli from other coliform bacteria (e.g. Citrobacter, Klebsiella and Enterobacter). These genera of bacteria are present not only in fecal matter, but also in soil and runoff water and are not good indicators of fecal contamination. There is also ambiguity in determining a positive result for fecal coliforms on M-FC filters by a blue colony. When all variations of blue, including light blue or glossy blue, were examined, confirmation methods agreed with the positive M-FC result less often than when colonies that the technician would merely call "blue", with no descriptors, were examined. Approximately 48 % of M-FC positive colonies were found to be E. coli with 4 methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MUG), and only 23 % of samples producing a positive result on M-FC media were found to be E. coli using API-20E test strips and current API-20E profiles. The majority of other M-FC blue colonies were found to be Klebsiella or were unidentifiable with current API-20E profiles. Two positive M-FC colonies were found to be Kluyvera with API-20E, both of which cleaved MUG and produced fluorescence under UV light, a characteristic used to differentiate E. coli from other fecal coliforms. C1 [Fiello, M.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Mikell, A. T., Jr.] Oklahoma Christian Univ, Oklahoma City, OK 73136 USA. [Moore, M. T.; Cooper, C. M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM misty.schaubhut@usm.edu; matt.moore@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 93 IS 2 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s00128-014-1299-1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AL4LM UT WOS:000339104500001 PM 24952738 ER PT J AU Adel, MN Pourbabaei, H Dey, DC AF Adel, Mohammad Naghi Pourbabaei, Hassan Dey, Daniel C. TI Ecological species group-Environmental factors relationships in unharvested beech forests in the north of Iran SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Vegetation; Environmental factors; Multivariate analysis; Fagus orientalis Lipskey; Northern Iran ID MULTIFACTOR CLASSIFICATION; SOIL CHARACTERISTICS; LOWER MICHIGAN; COASTAL-PLAIN; NATIONAL-PARK; N. IRAN; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES AB Beech forests are the richest forest community in Iran because they are both economically and environmentally valuable. The greatest forest volume occurs in Iran's beech forests. Forests dominated by oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipskey) cover about 565,000 ha and represent the total area of indigenous forests in Guilan Province. A system for classifying beech forests over such a large area is needed to aid its management. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between environmental factors with ecological species groups in unharvested beech forests in Guilan province in northern Iran using multivariate techniques of DCA and CCA. For this purpose, a random systematic 150 m x 200 m gird sampling plan was used to establish 60 1000 m(2) circular plots. In each plot, environmental factors (topographic and soil variables) and percent cover of each herbaceous species were recorded. The result of TWINSPAN analysis showed that six groups were distinct. Multivariate analysis was performed through CANOCO 4.5 to explore the relationship between the environmental factors and the plant community. The most important environmental factors associated with plant composition in beech communities were elevation, slope, slope aspect, N, P, K, pH, C, C/N ratio, organic matter, leaf litter, soil texture (clay, sand, silt) and EC. The use of natural vegetation as an indicator for site quality provides good results, due to the close relationship it has with abiotic site characteristics. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Adel, Mohammad Naghi; Pourbabaei, Hassan] Univ Guilan, Nat Resources Fac, Dept Forestry, Guilan, Iran. [Dey, Daniel C.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Adel, MN (reprint author), Univ Guilan, Nat Resources Fac, Dept Forestry, POB 1144, Guilan, Iran. EM mn.adel87@gmail.com NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 69 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.03.008 PG 7 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA AL2AM UT WOS:000338928200001 ER PT J AU Russell, MB Woodall, CW Fraver, S D'Amato, AW Domke, GM Skog, KE AF Russell, Matthew B. Woodall, Christopher W. Fraver, Shawn D'Amato, Anthony W. Domke, Grant M. Skog, Kenneth E. TI Residence Times and Decay Rates of Downed Woody Debris Biomass/Carbon in Eastern US Forests SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon flux; decomposition; forest inventory; forest fuels; decay class; coarse woody debris ID UNITED-STATES; DECOMPOSITION RATES; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; CARBON STORAGE; MODEL; DETRITUS; BALANCE; ENERGY; VOLUME AB A key component in describing forest carbon (C) dynamics is the change in downed dead wood biomass through time. Specifically, there is a dearth of information regarding the residence time of downed woody debris (DWD), which may be reflected in the diversity of wood (for example, species, size, and stage of decay) and site attributes (for example, climate) across the study region of eastern US forests. The empirical assessment of DWD rate of decay and residence time is complicated by the decay process itself, as decomposing logs undergo not only a reduction in wood density over time but also reductions in biomass, shape, and size. Using DWD repeated measurements coupled with models to estimate durations in various stages of decay, estimates of DWD half-life (T (HALF)), residence time (T (RES)), and decay rate (k constants) were developed for 36 tree species common to eastern US forests. Results indicate that estimates for T (HALF) averaged 18 and 10 years for conifers and hardwoods, respectively. Species that exhibited shorter T (HALF) tended to display a shorter T (RES) and larger k constants. Averages of T (RES) ranged from 57 to 124 years for conifers and from 46 to 71 years for hardwoods, depending on the species and methodology for estimating DWD decomposition considered. Decay rate constants (k) increased with increasing temperature of climate zones and ranged from 0.024 to 0.040 for conifers and from 0.043 to 0.064 for hardwoods. These estimates could be incorporated into dynamic global vegetation models to elucidate the role of DWD in forest C dynamics. C1 [Russell, Matthew B.; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.; Domke, Grant M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fraver, Shawn] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Skog, Kenneth E.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Russell, MB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM russellm@umn.edu OI Domke, Grant/0000-0003-0485-0355 FU USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX This work was supported by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. We thank Lori Daniels, Alex Finkral, Ron McRoberts, Steve Prisley, and Herman Shugart for their comments that improved the content of this work. NR 74 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 10 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2014 VL 17 IS 5 BP 765 EP 777 DI 10.1007/s10021-014-9757-5 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL8VS UT WOS:000339418400002 ER PT J AU Kuethe, TH Hubbs, T Morehart, M AF Kuethe, Todd H. Hubbs, Todd Morehart, Mitch TI Farmland returns and economic conditions: a FAVAR approach SO EMPIRICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Farmland; Farmland values; Factor-augmented vector autoregression ID UNIT-ROOT; VALUES; PRICES AB This study examines the linkages between farmland returns and other market forces including the returns to alternative investments, agricultural sector activity, non-farm real estate, and macroeconomic conditions over the period 1973-2008. The study applies factor-augmented vector autoregression to extract information from a large panel of economic time series. Results suggest that farmland returns are influenced by common trends in the returns to alternative investments and general macroeconomic conditions. C1 [Kuethe, Todd H.; Morehart, Mitch] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Hubbs, Todd] Univ Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. RP Kuethe, TH (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Mail Stop 1800, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM tkuethe@ers.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU PHYSICA-VERLAG GMBH & CO PI HEIDELBERG PA PO BOX 10 52 80, 69042 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0377-7332 EI 1435-8921 J9 EMPIR ECON JI Empir. Econ. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 47 IS 1 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s00181-013-0730-5 PG 14 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA AL4KY UT WOS:000339103000008 ER PT J AU Talhelm, AF Pregitzer, KS Kubiske, ME Zak, DR Campany, CE Burton, AJ Dickson, RE Hendrey, GR Isebrands, JG Lewin, KF Nagy, J Karnosky, DF AF Talhelm, Alan F. Pregitzer, Kurt S. Kubiske, Mark E. Zak, Donald R. Campany, Courtney E. Burton, Andrew J. Dickson, Richard E. Hendrey, George R. Isebrands, J. G. Lewin, Keith F. Nagy, John Karnosky, David F. TI Elevated carbon dioxide and ozone alter productivity and ecosystem carbon content in northern temperate forests SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; carbon sequestration; carbon storage; elevated carbon dioxide (CO2); free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); net primary productivity (NPP); nitrogen; soil carbon ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; FREE-AIR FUMIGATION; FINE-ROOT TURNOVER; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; SOIL CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; HARDWOOD FORESTS AB Three young northern temperate forest communities in the north-central United States were exposed to factorial combinations of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric ozone (O-3) for 11 years. Here, we report results from an extensive sampling of plant biomass and soil conducted at the conclusion of the experiment that enabled us to estimate ecosystem carbon (C) content and cumulative net primary productivity (NPP). Elevated CO2 enhanced ecosystem C content by 11%, whereas elevated O-3 decreased ecosystem C content by 9%. There was little variation in treatment effects on C content across communities and no meaningful interactions between CO2 and O-3. Treatment effects on ecosystem C content resulted primarily from changes in the near-surface mineral soil and tree C, particularly differences in woody tissues. Excluding the mineral soil, cumulative NPP was a strong predictor of ecosystem C content (r(2) = 0.96). Elevated CO2 enhanced cumulative NPP by 39%, a consequence of a 28% increase in canopy nitrogen (N) content (g N m(-2)) and a 28% increase in N productivity (NPP/canopy N). In contrast, elevated O-3 lowered NPP by 10% because of a 21% decrease in canopy N, but did not impact N productivity. Consequently, as the marginal impact of canopy N on NPP (Delta NPP/Delta N) decreased through time with further canopy development, the O-3 effect on NPP dissipated. Within the mineral soil, there was less C in the top 0.1 m of soil under elevated O-3 and less soil C from 0.1 to 0.2 m in depth under elevated CO2. Overall, these results suggest that elevated CO2 may create a sustained increase in NPP, whereas the long-term effect of elevated O-3 on NPP will be smaller than expected. However, changes in soil C are not well-understood and limit our ability to predict changes in ecosystem C content. C1 [Talhelm, Alan F.; Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Kubiske, Mark E.; Dickson, Richard E.; Isebrands, J. G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Zak, Donald R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zak, Donald R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Campany, Courtney E.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. [Burton, Andrew J.; Karnosky, David F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Burton, Andrew J.; Karnosky, David F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hendrey, George R.] CUNY Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 11367 USA. [Isebrands, J. G.] Environm Forestry Consultants LLC, New London, WI 54961 USA. [Lewin, Keith F.; Nagy, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pregitzer, KS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM kpregitzer@uidaho.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; USDA Forest Service, Northern Experiment Station FX The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and the USDA Forest Service, Northern Experiment Station supported this work. We thank the many individuals who contributed to this project. NR 70 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 132 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2492 EP 2504 DI 10.1111/gcb.12564 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL4JW UT WOS:000339100200013 PM 24604779 ER PT J AU Wang, XL Parisien, MA Flannigan, MD Parks, SA Anderson, KR Little, JM Taylor, SW AF Wang, Xianli Parisien, Marc-Andre Flannigan, Mike D. Parks, Sean A. Anderson, Kerry R. Little, John M. Taylor, Steve W. TI The potential and realized spread of wildfires across Canada SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boreal forests; Canada; fire spread; MODIS fire detections; temperate forests; weather ID AMERICAN BOREAL FOREST; FIRE REGIME ZONATION; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; CHANGING CLIMATE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WEATHER; COMPONENTS; GROWTH; PROBABILITY AB Given that they can burn for weeks or months, wildfires in temperate and boreal forests may become immense (eg., 10(0)-10(4) km(2)). However, during the period within which a large fire is 'active', not all days experience weather that is conducive to fire spread; indeed most of the spread occurs on a small proportion (e. g., 1 - 15 days) of not necessarily consecutive days during the active period. This study examines and compares the Canada-wide patterns in fire-conducive weather ('potential' spread) and the spread that occurs on the ground ('realized' spread). Results show substantial variability in distributions of potential and realized spread days across Canada. Both potential and realized spread are higher in western than in eastern Canada; however, whereas potential spread generally decreases from south to north, there is no such pattern with realized spread. The realized-to-potential fire-spread ratio is considerably higher in northern Canada than in the south, indicating that proportionally more fire-conducive days translate into fire progression. An exploration of environmental correlates to spread show that there may be a few factors compensating for the lower potential spread in northern Canada: a greater proportion of coniferous (i.e., more flammable) vegetation, lesser human impacts (i.e., less fragmented landscapes), sufficient fire ignitions, and intense droughts. Because a linear relationship exists between the frequency distributions of potential spread days and realized spread days in a fire zone, it is possible to obtain one from the other using a simple conversion factor. Our methodology thus provides a means to estimate realized fire spread from weather-based data in regions where fire databases are poor, which may improve our ability to predict future fire activity. C1 [Wang, Xianli; Flannigan, Mike D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Parisien, Marc-Andre; Flannigan, Mike D.; Anderson, Kerry R.; Little, John M.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Parks, Sean A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Taylor, Steve W.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, 751 Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. EM xianli@ualberta.ca; marc-andre.parisien@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca OI Wang, Xianli/0000-0001-9873-9767 NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2518 EP 2530 DI 10.1111/gcb.12590 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL4JW UT WOS:000339100200015 PM 24700739 ER PT J AU Hwang, T Band, LE Miniat, CF Song, CH Bolstad, PV Vose, JM Love, JP AF Hwang, Taehee Band, Lawrence E. Miniat, Chelcy F. Song, Conghe Bolstad, Paul V. Vose, James M. Love, Jason P. TI Divergent phenological response to hydroclimate variability in forested mountain watersheds SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought deciduousness; hydroclimate variability; landscape phenology; MODIS NDVI; topoclimate gradient ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; GROWING-SEASON LENGTH; LEAF SENESCENCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; VEGETATION RESPONSES; CANOPY TRANSPIRATION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES AB Mountain watersheds are primary sources of freshwater, carbon sequestration, and other ecosystem services. There is significant interest in the effects of climate change and variability on these processes over short to long time scales. Much of the impact of hydroclimate variability in forest ecosystems is manifested in vegetation dynamics in space and time. In steep terrain, leaf phenology responds to topoclimate in complex ways, and can produce specific and measurable shifts in landscape forest patterns. The onset of spring is usually delayed at a specific rate with increasing elevation (often called Hopkins' Law; Hopkins, 1918), reflecting the dominant controls of temperature on greenup timing. Contrary with greenup, leaf senescence shows inconsistent trends along elevation gradients. Here, we present mechanisms and an explanation for this variability and its significance for ecosystem patterns and services in response to climate. We use moderate-resolution imaging spectro-radiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data to derive landscape-induced phenological patterns over topoclimate gradients in a humid temperate broadleaf forest in southern Appalachians. These phenological patterns are validated with different sets of field observations. Our data demonstrate that divergent behavior of leaf senescence with elevation is closely related to late growing season hydroclimate variability in temperature and water balance patterns. Specifically, a drier late growing season is associated with earlier leaf senescence at low elevation than at middle elevation. The effect of drought stress on vegetation senescence timing also leads to tighter coupling between growing season length and ecosystem water use estimated from observed precipitation and runoff generation. This study indicates increased late growing season drought may be leading to divergent ecosystem response between high and low elevation forests. Landscape-induced phenological patterns are easily observed over wide areas and may be used as a unique diagnostic for sources of ecosystem vulnerability and sensitivity to hydroclimate change. C1 [Hwang, Taehee; Band, Lawrence E.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Band, Lawrence E.; Song, Conghe] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Miniat, Chelcy F.] US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Bolstad, Paul V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vose, James M.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Integrated Forest Sci & Synth, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Love, Jason P.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA USA. RP Hwang, T (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM h7666@email.unc.edu RI Song, Conghe/E-3087-2016; OI Song, Conghe/0000-0002-4099-4906; Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783 FU National Science Foundation award from the Long Term Ecological Research Program [DEB-0823293]; USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory FX The research represented in this paper was supported by a National Science Foundation award DEB-0823293 from the Long Term Ecological Research Program to the Coweeta LTER Program at the University of Georgia, and by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or USDA Forest Service. We thank USDA Forest Service for long-term climate and streamflow data, as well as access and facilities at the Coweeta Hydrologic Lab. We also thank the editor, Josep Penuelas, Drs. A. Richardson, and D.S. Mackay for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 98 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2580 EP 2595 DI 10.1111/gcb.12556 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL4JW UT WOS:000339100200020 PM 24677382 ER PT J AU Sylvain, ZA Wall, DH Cherwin, KL Peters, DPC Reichmann, LG Sala, OE AF Sylvain, Zachary A. Wall, Diana H. Cherwin, Karie L. Peters, Debra P. C. Reichmann, Lara G. Sala, Osvaldo E. TI Soil animal responses to moisture availability are largely scale, not ecosystem dependent: insight from a cross-site study SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; desert; drought; grassland; mites; nematodes ID NEMATODE POPULATION-DYNAMICS; POLAR DESERT ECOSYSTEM; MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; LITTER QUALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; SIMULATED RAINFALL; DIVERSITY; DECOMPOSITION; PRECIPITATION AB Climate change will result in reduced soil water availability in much of the world either due to changes in precipitation or increased temperature and evapotranspiration. How communities of mites and nematodes may respond to changes in moisture availability is not well known, yet these organisms play important roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling processes. We determined how communities of these organisms respond to changes in moisture availability and whether common patterns occur along fine-scale gradients of soil moisture within four individual ecosystem types (mesic, xeric and arid grasslands and a polar desert) located in the western United States and Antarctica, as well as across a cross-ecosystem moisture gradient (CEMG) of all four ecosystems considered together. An elevation transect of three sampling plots was monitored within each ecosystem and soil samples were collected from these plots and from existing experimental precipitation manipulations within each ecosystem once in fall of 2009 and three times each in 2010 and 2011. Mites and nematodes were sorted to trophic groups and analyzed to determine community responses to changes in soil moisture availability. We found that while both mites and nematodes increased with available soil moisture across the CEMG, within individual ecosystems, increases in soil moisture resulted in decreases to nematode communities at all but the arid grassland ecosystem; mites showed no responses at any ecosystem. In addition, we found changes in proportional abundances of mite and nematode trophic groups as soil moisture increased within individual ecosystems, which may result in shifts within soil food webs with important consequences for ecosystem functioning. We suggest that communities of soil animals at local scales may respond predictably to changes in moisture availability regardless of ecosystem type but that additional factors, such as climate variability, vegetation composition, and soil properties may influence this relationship over larger scales. C1 [Sylvain, Zachary A.; Wall, Diana H.; Cherwin, Karie L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sylvain, Zachary A.; Wall, Diana H.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peters, Debra P. C.] New Mexico State Univ, ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin Long Term Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. [Reichmann, Lara G.] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Sala, Osvaldo E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sala, Osvaldo E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Sylvain, ZA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM zachary.sylvain@colostate.edu RI Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014; Sylvain, Zachary/F-4828-2011 OI Sylvain, Zachary/0000-0003-3048-6067 FU NSF [DDIG-0910027, DEB-0918482, DEB-0917668, OPP-0840705, DEB-0823405, DEB-0823341]; NSF grant [DEB-0618210] FX We thank F. Cotrufo, P. Garcia-Palacios, E. Kelly, A. Knapp, M. Knox, K. Ramirez and T. Seastedt for their helpful comments on the manuscript, as well as J. Anderson, J. Blair, C. Tomasel and members of the MCM LTER for their help facilitating field- and labwork. This project was supported by NSF grants DDIG-0910027, DEB-0918482, DEB-0917668 and OPP-0840705, with additional datasets made available by the Jornada Basin LTER project (NSF grant DEB-0618210), the Shortgrass Steppe LTER (a partnership between Colorado State University, USDA-ARS and the US Forest Service Pawnee National Grassland; NSF grant DEB-0823405) and the Konza Prairie LTER (NSF grant DEB-0823341; datasets PAB01, WAT01 and APT01). NR 77 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 15 U2 100 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2631 EP 2643 DI 10.1111/gcb.12522 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL4JW UT WOS:000339100200024 PM 24399762 ER PT J AU Campbell, JL Socci, AM Templer, PH AF Campbell, John L. Socci, Anne M. Templer, Pamela H. TI Increased nitrogen leaching following soil freezing is due to decreased root uptake in a northern hardwood forest SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; root uptake; snow; soil frost; soil solution; stable isotopes ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE CAPACITY; SUGAR MAPLE TREES; SNOW DEPTH; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; FUTURE CHANGES; NITRATE UPTAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The depth and duration of snow pack is declining in the northeastern United States as a result of warming air temperatures. Since snow insulates soil, a decreased snow pack can increase the frequency of soil freezing, which has been shown to have important biogeochemical implications. One of the most notable effects of soil freezing is increased inorganic nitrogen losses from soil during the following growing season. Decreased nitrogen retention is thought to be due to reduced root uptake, but has not yet been measured directly. We conducted a 2-year snow-removal experiment at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA to determine the effects of soil freezing on root uptake and leaching of inorganic nitrogen simultaneously. Snow removal significantly increased the depth of maximal soil frost by 37.2 and 39.5 cm in the first and second winters, respectively (P < 0.001 in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010). As a consequence of soil freezing, root uptake of ammonium declined significantly during the first and second growing seasons after snow removal (P = 0.023 for 2009 and P = 0.005 for 2010). These observed reductions in root nitrogen uptake coincided with significant increases in soil solution concentrations of ammonium in the Oa horizon (P = 0.001 for 2009 and 2010) and nitrate in the B horizon (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003 for 2009 and 2010, respectively). The excess flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from the Oa horizon that was attributable to soil freezing was 7.0 and 2.8 kg N ha(-1) in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The excess flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from the B horizon was lower, amounting to 1.7 and 0.7 kg N ha(-1) in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Results of this study provide direct evidence that soil freezing reduces root nitrogen uptake, demonstrating that the effects of winter climate change on root function has significant consequences for nitrogen retention and loss in forest ecosystems. C1 [Campbell, John L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Socci, Anne M.; Templer, Pamela H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Templer, PH (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ptempler@bu.edu OI Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 FU A.W. Mellon Foundation; USDA-Northeastern States Research Cooperative; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [200805231]; Northeastern States Research Cooperative Northern Forest Scholars Program; University of Vermont; University of Maine; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station; National Science Foundation FX We thank John Bennink, Justin Brigham, C.J. Freeman, Meghan Gagne, Ian Halm, Glenn Harrington, Jane Hislop, Stephanie Juice, Michael Mangiante, Jeff Merriam, Matthew Ross, Lindsay Scott, Bethel Steele, Phil Thompson, and Alexandra Webster for their invaluable assistance in the field and laboratory. Linda Pardo and Ruth Yanai provided expertise on root N uptake methods, John Stanovick provided expertise and assistance with statistical analyses, and Lynn Christenson and Walter Shortle provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research was supported by the A.W. Mellon Foundation and the USDA-Northeastern States Research Cooperative. This work was also supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (grant no. 200805231) and by the Northeastern States Research Cooperative Northern Forest Scholars Program, a joint program of the University of Vermont, the University of Maine and the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. This manuscript is a contribution of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. Hubbard Brook is part of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. NR 70 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 14 U2 84 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2663 EP 2673 DI 10.1111/gcb.12532 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL4JW UT WOS:000339100200026 PM 24574104 ER PT J AU Auer, SK King, DI AF Auer, Sonya K. King, David I. TI Ecological and life-history traits explain recent boundary shifts in elevation and latitude of western North American songbirds SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ecological specialization; global climate change; life history; range shifts; species traits ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; RANGE SHIFTS; BIRDS; RESPONSES; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENTS; COMMUNITIES; PHYLOGENY; DISPERSAL; HOTSPOTS AB Aim Species are expected to move uphill or poleward in response to climate change, yet their distributions show idiosyncratic responses; many species are moving in the predicted direction, but others are not shifting at all or are shifting downhill or towards the equator. Fundamental questions remain about the causes of interspecific variation in range responses and whether shifts along elevational and latitudinal gradients are correlated. We examined whether shifts in northern-latitude and upper-elevation boundaries of western North American songbirds over a 35-year period were correlated and whether species ecological and life-history traits explained interspecific variation in observed shifts. Location North America. Methods We used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to determine shifts in northern-latitude and upper-elevation boundaries of 40 North American songbird species between two time periods, 1977-81 and 2006-11. We used an analysis of covariance approach that controlled for species population trends and changes in survey effort to test whether: (1) songbirds shifted in elevation, latitude or both; (2) shifts in elevation and latitude were correlated; and (3) responses could be explained by species-level traits including life history, ecological generalization and dispersal capability. Results The majority of species shifted uphill and poleward during this period, but there was no correlation between the distances that species range boundaries shifted in elevation and latitude. Species with smaller clutch sizes and narrower diet breadths exhibited greater northward shifts, while species with larger clutch sizes and narrower diet breadths exhibited greater uphill shifts. Main conclusions Shifts in latitude and elevation were not correlated. However, a common set of species-level traits explained differential responses among species to climate change. Consideration of shifts in both elevation and latitude is needed to understand the full extent to which species are tracking changing climates. C1 [Auer, Sonya K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Auer, SK (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Graham Kerr Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM sonya.auer@gmail.com FU US Forest Service Northern Research Station FX We are indebted to the US Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and Environment Canada's Canadian Wildlife Service for their coordinated leadership of the Breeding Bird Survey and for making data on species status and trends available to the public. We thank all BBS surveyors in the past and present for monitoring bird distribution and abundance across North America. Without their continued efforts, broad-scale analyses such as these would not be possible. We also thank Ron Bassar and Bill Deluca for their comments and suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was funded by a grant from the US Forest Service Northern Research Station. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 89 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 8 BP 867 EP 875 DI 10.1111/geb.12174 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AL4NT UT WOS:000339110400004 ER PT J AU Gavilanez-Slone, J Porter, SD AF Gavilanez-Slone, J. Porter, S. D. TI Laboratory fire ant colonies (Solenopsis invicta) fail to grow with Bhatkar diet and three other artificial diets SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Formicidae; Diet; Meridic; Oligidic; Holidic; Mass rearing; Insect culture ID BROOD PRODUCTION; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; BUREN; FOOD; PROTEIN; WORKERS; IMPACT; FLOW AB Various artificial diets have been used for rearing imported fire ants; however most of these diets include insect supplements. This study was designed to examine growth of red imported fire ant colonies (Solenopsis invicta Buren) on four artificial diets: a chemically undefined "oligidic" predator diet, two partly defined "meridic" diets utilized by Bhatkar and Whitcomb (Florida Entomol. 53: 229-232, 1970) and Dussutour and Simpson (Insect. Soc. 55: 329-333, 2008) for Solenopsis fire ants and Rhytido-ponera ants, respectively, and finally a completely chemically defined "holidic" diet utilized by Straka and Feldhaar (Insect. Soc. 54: 100-104, 2007a, Insect. Soc. 54: 202, 2007b Erratum) for carpenter ants. Crickets and sugar water were used as a standard diet. After 6 weeks, fire ant colonies fed crickets and sugar water were healthy and had grown considerably. In contrast, colonies fed the artificial diets showed little or no growth demonstrating that these diets are not suitable for rearing healthy fire ant colonies. Nevertheless, the holidic or entirely synthetic Straka diet may provide a suitable basis for further studies of fire ant dietary requirements because it resulted in modest production of all brood stages. We advise caution in using diets that mix sugar and protein into a single "all in one" diet because workers and brood have differing dietary requirements. C1 [Gavilanez-Slone, J.; Porter, S. D.] USDA ARS, Imported Fire Ant & Household Insects Res Unit, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Gavilanez-Slone, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Imported Fire Ant & Household Insects Res Unit, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jmgs@orst.edu NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 EI 1420-9098 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 3 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s00040-014-0353-7 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AL7WK UT WOS:000339347200009 ER PT J AU O'Connor, BC Fabiano, GA Waschbusch, DA Belin, PJ Gnagy, EM Pelham, WE Greiner, AR Roemmich, JN AF O'Connor, Briannon C. Fabiano, Gregory A. Waschbusch, Daniel A. Belin, Peter J. Gnagy, Elizabeth M. Pelham, William E. Greiner, Andrew R. Roemmich, James N. TI Effects of a Summer Treatment Program on Functional Sports Outcomes in Young Children with ADHD SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADHD; Sports; Behavioral treatment; Summer Treatment Program ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY PROGRAM; DIAGNOSED CHILDREN; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; YOUTH SPORT; MOTOR PROFICIENCY; SKILL PERFORMANCE; PEER ACCEPTANCE AB Participation in youth sports can be very beneficial, but children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may participate less often and less successfully. The current study evaluated functional sports outcomes for children with ADHD who attended an intensive behavioral treatment program that included a sports training component, and it compared outcomes to children with ADHD who did not attend the program. Results suggest that treatment resulted in significant improvements in many aspects of children's sports functioning, including knowledge of game rules, in vivo game performance, and fundamental skill tasks (motor proficiency, ability to trap a soccer ball appropriately, reduced handball penalties in soccer, and improved ability to catch a baseball). Parents also reported improved sports skills and good sportsmanship in the treatment group. No differences between groups were evident on additional skill tasks evaluating accurately kicking a soccer ball, throwing a baseball, or hitting a baseball off a tee. These results suggest intensive behavioral intervention that includes sports training can significantly improve functional sports outcomes for young children with ADHD. C1 [O'Connor, Briannon C.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Psychol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Fabiano, Gregory A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Counseling Sch & Educ Psychol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Waschbusch, Daniel A.; Belin, Peter J.; Gnagy, Elizabeth M.; Pelham, William E.; Greiner, Andrew R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Psychol, Ctr Children & Families, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Roemmich, James N.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP O'Connor, BC (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Psychol, 206 Pk Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM bco@buffalo.edu RI Waschbusch, Daniel/B-6433-2013 OI Waschbusch, Daniel/0000-0002-8115-1286 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA011873, R37 AA011873, AA11873]; NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA012986, DA12414, DA12986, R01 DA012414]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH069434, MH53554, R01 MH065899, MH069614, MH62988, MH065899, R01 MH069434, P30 MH090322, R01 MH053554, R01 MH069614, R34 MH092466, MH092466, R01 MH062988] NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0627 EI 1573-2835 J9 J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH JI J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1017 DI 10.1007/s10802-013-9830-0 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AL7QZ UT WOS:000339331100011 PM 24362766 ER PT J AU Zhao, D Glaz, B Comstock, JC AF Zhao, D. Glaz, B. Comstock, J. C. TI Physiological and Growth Responses of Sugarcane Genotypes to Nitrogen Rate on a Sand Soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomass accumulation and partitioning; genotype variation; leaf photosynthesis; nitrogen stress; nitrogen use efficiency; tillering ID HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTANCE PROPERTIES; USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CHLOROPHYLL METER; MILL MUD; MAIZE; FERTILIZER; DECLINE; SORGHUM; LEAVES AB Yields of sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) in FL, USA, are lower on sand soils than on organic (muck) soils. Nitrogen (N) supply may limit sugarcane growth and yields on these sand soils. A 2-year pot study was conducted to determine sugarcane genotypic variation in response to N rate on a sand soil. Treatments included four N rates (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha(-1)) and three sugarcane genotypes (CP 80-1743, CP 01-2390 and TCP 87-3388). Nitrogen fertilizer was equally split and applied at about 55 and 125 days after planting (DAP) for each treatment. During the experiment, the number of nodes and length of the primary stalks and tillers were recorded. Leaf relative chlorophyll (soil plant analysis development (SPAD)) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) were measured biweekly. All plants were harvested at 183 DAP to measure green leaf area (GLA), shoot biomass accumulation and partitioning, and fertilizer N use efficiency (NUE). Genotypes differed significantly in leaf SPAD, Pn, GLA, and shoot biomass accumulation and partitioning. CP 01-2390 had the highest leaf Pn and shoot biomass, and CP 80-1743 had the lowest GLA, shoot biomass and NUE among genotypes. Nitrogen rate affected leaf SPAD, GLA, shoot biomass and NUE, but had much less effect on leaf Pn. Green leaf area and biomass increased with increasing N rates. Our results suggest that a two-pronged approach, selection of genotypes with high NUE while working to optimize N rates and delivery can improve sugarcane yields on sand soils. C1 [Zhao, D.; Glaz, B.; Comstock, J. C.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Zhao, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM duli.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2250 EI 1439-037X J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 200 IS 4 BP 290 EP 301 DI 10.1111/jac.12084 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AL4JP UT WOS:000339099400005 ER PT J AU Martel, CA Mamedova, LK Minton, JE Jones, ML Carroll, JA Bradford, BJ AF Martel, Cynthia A. Mamedova, Laman K. Minton, J. Ernest Jones, Meredyth L. Carroll, Jeff A. Bradford, Barry J. TI Continuous low-dose infusion of tumor necrosis factor alpha in adipose tissue elevates adipose tissue interleukin 10 abundance and fails to alter metabolism in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cytokine; inflammation; adipose tissue; liver ID TNF-ALPHA; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS; GENE-EXPRESSION; BOVINE PLASMA; FATTY LIVER; IN-VIVO; MACROPHAGES; GLUCOSE; CATTLE AB Repeated bolus doses of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) alters systemic metabolism in lactating cows, but whether chronic release of inflammatory cytokines from adipose tissue has similar effects is unclear. Late-lactation Holstein cows (n = 9-10/treatment) were used to evaluate the effects of continuous adipose tissue TNF alpha administration on glucose and fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Cows were blocked by feed intake and milk yield and randomly assigned within block to control or TNF alpha treatments. Treatments (4 mL of saline or 14 mu g/kg of TNF alpha in 4 mL of saline) were infused continuously over 7 d via 2 osmotic pumps implanted in a subcutaneous adipose depot. Plasma, milk samples, milk yield, and feed intake data were collected daily, and plasma glucose turnover rate was measured on d 7. At the end of d 7, pumps were removed and liver and contralateral tail-head adipose biopsies were collected. Results were modeled with the fixed effect of treatment and the random effect of block. Treatment with TNF alpha increased plasma concentrations of the acute phase protein haptoglobin, but did not alter plasma TNF alpha, IL-4, IL-6, or IFN-gamma concentrations, feed intake, or rectal temperature. Milk yield and composition were unchanged, and treatments did not alter the proportion of short- versus long-chain FA in milk on d 7. Treatments did not alter plasma free FA concentration, liver triglyceride content, or plasma glucose turnover rate. Surprisingly, TNF alpha infusion tended to decrease liver TNF alpha and IL-1 receptor 1 mRNA abundance and significantly increased adipose tissue IL-10 protein concentration. Continuous infusion of TNF alpha did not induce the metabolic responses previously observed following bolus doses delivered at the same rate per day. Metabolic homeostasis may have been protected by an adaptive anti-inflammatory response to control systemic inflammation. C1 [Martel, Cynthia A.; Mamedova, Laman K.; Minton, J. Ernest; Bradford, Barry J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Jones, Meredyth L.] Kansas State Univ, Vet Med Teaching Hosp, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Carroll, Jeff A.] ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Bradford, BJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bbradfor@ksu.edu OI Bradford, Barry/0000-0002-6775-4961 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Washington, DC) [2009-35206-05271] FX The authors thank Jamie Hermann, Chad Mullins, Jaymelynn Farney, and Michelle Sullivan (Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS), as well as the staff of the Kansas State University Dairy Teaching and Research Center for assistance with this trial. This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2009-35206-05271 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Washington, DC). This is contribution number 14-075-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station (Manhattan). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA; USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 97 IS 8 BP 4897 EP 4906 DI 10.3168/jds.2013-7777 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA AL1VB UT WOS:000338913300022 PM 24881787 ER PT J AU Faciola, AP Broderick, GA AF Faciola, A. P. Broderick, G. A. TI Effects of feeding lauric acid or coconut oil on ruminal protozoa numbers, fermentation pattern, digestion, omasal nutrient flow, and milk production in dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coconut oil; dairy cow; protozoa ID MICROBIAL PROTEIN FLOW; CILIATE PROTOZOA; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; INTERNAL MARKERS; DETERGENT FIBER; DIFFERENT DIETS; LACTATING COWS; ALFALFA SILAGE; UREA NITROGEN; DUODENAL FLOW AB The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feeding of coconut oil (CO), in which lauric acid (La) comprises about 50% of the fatty acid composition, as a practical rumen protozoa (RP) suppressing agent, to assess whether the source of La affects ruminal fermentation and animal performance and to test whether suppressing RP improves N utilization, nutrient digestion, nutrient flow at the omasal canal, and milk production. Fifteen multiparous Holstein cows (3 fitted with ruminal cannulas) and 15 primiparous Holstein cows (3 fitted with ruminal cannulas) were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square experiment with 14 d of adaptation and 14 d of sample collection. Diets were fed as total mixed ration and contained (dry matter basis) 10% corn silage, 50% alfalfa silage, and 40% concentrate. The control diet contained 3% (dry matter basis) calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids (Megalac, Church & Dwight Co. Inc., Princeton, NJ) as a ruminally inert fat source and had no added La or CO. Diets with La and CO were formulated to contain equal amounts of La (1.3%, dry matter basis). Dry matter intake was not affected by treatment. Both CO and,La reduced RP numbers by about 40%. Lauric acid reduced yield of milk and milk components; however, CO did not affect yield of milk and yields of milk components. Both La and CO caused small reductions in total VFA concentration; CO increased molar proportion of ruminal propionate, reduced ruminal ammonia and branchedchain volatile fatty acids, suggesting reduced protein degradation, and reduced milk urea N and blood urea N concentrations, suggesting improved protein efficiency. Lauric acid reduced total-tract apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber as well as ruminal apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber as measured at the omasal canal; however, CO did not alter fiber digestion. Microbial protein flow at the omasal canal, as well as the flow of N fractions at the omasal canal, did not differ among treatments. Results from this experiment have confirmed that dietary La is not a practical agent for suppressing RP population in dairy cows, mainly because of its negative effects on fiber digestion and ruminal fermentation. Intake of CO appeared to reduce ruminal and improve protein efficiency, but did not improve milk production, milk composition, or increase microbial outflow from the rumen. Based on the results of this study, a 40% reduction of RP population is not sufficient to improve N utilization in dairy cows. C1 [Faciola, A. P.] Univ Nevada, Dept Agr Nutr & Vet Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Broderick, G. A.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Faciola, AP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Agr Nutr & Vet Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM afaciola@cabnr.unr.edu NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 97 IS 8 BP 5088 EP 5100 DI 10.3168/jds.2013-7653 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA AL1VB UT WOS:000338913300040 PM 24931520 ER PT J AU Eastman, JT Witmer, LM Ridgely, RC Kuhn, KL AF Eastman, Joseph T. Witmer, Lawrence M. Ridgely, Ryan C. Kuhn, Kristen L. TI Divergence in Skeletal Mass and Bone Morphology in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heterochrony; histology; micro-CT scans; Bovichtidae; Eleginopsidae; Channichthyidae ID TOOTHFISH DISSOSTICHUS-MAWSONI; PLEURAGRAMMA-ANTARCTICUM; TELEOST FISH; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; ACELLULAR BONE; NUCLEAR MARKERS; ROSS SEA; BUOYANCY; BIOLOGY; DIVERSIFICATION AB Although notothenioid fishes lack swim bladders, some species live temporarily or permanently in the water column. Given its relatively high density, skeletal mass is a key determinant of buoyancy. Notothenioids have reduced skeletal ossification, but there is little quantitative data on the phylogenetic distribution of this trait. We obtained dry skeletal masses for 54 specimens representing 20 species from six notothenioid families. Although comparative data are sparse, notothenioid skeletons comprise a smaller percentage of body mass, < 3.5%, than those of three nonnotothenioid perciforms. With relatively high skeletal mass, the non-Antarctic Bovichtus diacanthus is similar in skeletal mass to some non-notothenioids. Eleginops maclovinus, the non-Antarctic sister group of the Antarctic clade, has a relatively light skeleton (< 2% of body mass) similar to many species in the Antarctic clade. Low skeletal mass is therefore a synapomorphy shared by Eleginops plus the Antarctic clade. We provide gross, histological, and micro-CT documentation of the structure and location of bone and cartilage in skulls, pectoral girdles, and vertebrae, with emphasis on the bovichtid B. diacanthus, the eleginopsid E. maclovinus, and the channichthyid Chaenodraco wilsoni. In Eleginops and the Antarctic clade, most bone is spongy and most species have persisting cartilage in the skull and appendicular skeleton. We also measured the relative size of the notochordal canal in adult vertebral centra of 38 species representing all eight families. There is considerable interspecific variation in this pedomorphic trait and all species show an ontogenetic reduction in the relative size of the canal. However, large persisting canals are present in adults of the Antarctic clade, especially in the nototheniids Pleuragramma and Aethotaxis and in a number of bathydraconid and channichthyid genera. J. Morphol. 275: 841-861, 2014. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Eastman, Joseph T.; Witmer, Lawrence M.; Ridgely, Ryan C.] Ohio Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Heritage Coll Osteopath Med, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Kuhn, Kristen L.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Eastman, JT (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Heritage Coll Osteopath Med, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM eastman@ohiou.edu RI Eastman, Joseph/A-9786-2008 FU National Science Foundation [ANT 04-36190, IOB 0517257, IOS-1050154]; NSF [OPP 01-32032] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; Contract grant numbers: ANT 04-36190 (to J.T.E.); IOB 0517257 and IOS-1050154 (to L. M. W. and R. C. R.); Contract grant sponsor: NSF; Contract grant number: OPP 01-32032 (to H. W. D. [Northeastern University]; 2004 ICEFISH cruise on the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer). NR 117 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 275 IS 8 BP 841 EP 861 DI 10.1002/jmor.20258 PG 21 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA AL3ZD UT WOS:000339070400001 PM 24590921 ER PT J AU Taliercio, E Loveless, TM Turano, MJ Kim, SW AF Taliercio, Earl Loveless, Telisa M. Turano, Marc J. Kim, Sung Woo TI Identification of epitopes of the beta subunit of soybean beta-conglycinin that are antigenic in pigs, dogs, rabbits and fish SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE allergen; antibody; ELISA; seed storage protein ID EARLY-WEANED PIGS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; GLYCININ; ALLERGY; PROTEIN; SOY; MEAL AB BACKGROUND: beta-Conglycinin (conglycinin) is one of the major seed storage proteins of soybean. Conglycinin is a 7S trimer composed of different combinations of beta, alpha and alpha' subunits. All subunits of conglycinin have been reported to be allergenic in humans. The goal of this research is to identify epitopes of the beta subunit of conglycinin that are antigenic in multiple animal species. RESULTS: Sera from pigs, dogs, rabbits and hybrid striped bass that had antibodies against soybean conglycininwere identified by ELISA. Most of these sera recognized peptides that represent the beta subunit of conglycinin. One antigenic region of the beta subunit of conglycinin had considerable overlap among all species tested. One region that was similar to a peanut allergenic epitope in humans overlapped with a region that binds IgE from dogs. One region was antigenic in multiple rabbits and pigs, suggesting it may play a role in the response of pigs to soybean in the diet. CONCLUSION: One region of the beta subunit of conglycinin is an important antigen across species and abuts a region similar to the peanut allergen ARA h 1. A second region is particularly antigenic in pigs and rabbits. Variants of these antigenic regions of the beta subunit of conglycinin may be useful in determining the role these regions play in the health of animals fed soybean. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Taliercio, Earl; Loveless, Telisa M.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Turano, Marc J.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Sea Grant, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kim, Sung Woo] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Taliercio, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM Earl.Taliercio@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 94 IS 11 BP 2289 EP 2294 DI 10.1002/jsfa.6556 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AL3BA UT WOS:000338998700020 PM 24415270 ER PT J AU Zhao, W Spatz, S Zhang, ZY Wen, GY Garcia, M Zsak, L Yu, QZ AF Zhao, Wei Spatz, Stephen Zhang, Zhenyu Wen, Guoyuan Garcia, Maricarmen Zsak, Laszlo Yu, Qingzhong TI Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Recombinants Expressing Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Glycoproteins gB and gD Protect Chickens against ILTV and NDV Challenges SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINE VECTOR; VIRAL VECTOR; HERPESVIRUS ENTRY; GENE-EXPRESSION; REPLICATION; VIRULENCE; POULTRY; QUANTITATION; THERAPY; PASSAGE AB Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of chickens caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). The disease is controlled mainly through biosecurity and vaccination with live attenuated strains of ILTV and vectored vaccines based on turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and fowlpox virus (FPV). The current live attenuated vaccines (chicken embryo origin [CEO] and tissue culture origin [TCO]), although effective, can regain virulence, whereas HVT- and FPV-vectored ILTV vaccines are less efficacious than live attenuated vaccines. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop safer and more efficacious ILTV vaccines. In the present study, we generated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) recombinants, based on the LaSota vaccine strain, expressing glycoproteins B (gB) and D (gD) of ILTV using reverse genetics technology. These recombinant viruses, rLS/ILTV-gB and rLS/ILTV-gD, were slightly attenuated in vivo yet retained growth dynamics, stability, and virus titers in vitro that were similar to those of the parental LaSota virus. Expression of ILTV gB and gD proteins in the recombinant virus-infected cells was detected by immunofluorescence assay. Vaccination of specific-pathogen-free chickens with these recombinant viruses conferred significant protection against virulent ILTV and velogenic NDV challenges. Immunization of commercial broilers with rLS/ILTV-gB provided a level of protection against clinical disease similar to that provided by the live attenuated commercial vaccines, with no decrease in body weight gains. The results of the study suggested that the rLS/ILTV-gB and -gD viruses are safe, stable, and effective bivalent vaccines that can be mass administered via aerosol or drinking water to large chicken populations. IMPORTANCE This paper describes the development and evaluation of novel bivalent vaccines against chicken infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and Newcastle disease (ND), two of the most economically important infectious diseases of poultry. The current commercial ILT vaccines are either not safe or less effective. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop safer and more efficacious ILT vaccines. In the present study, we generated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) recombinants expressing glycoproteins B (gB) and D (gD) of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) using reverse genetics technology. These recombinant viruses were safe, stable, and immunogenic and replicated efficiently in birds. Vaccination of chickens with these recombinant viruses conferred complete protection against ILTV and NDV challenge. These novel bivalent vaccines can be mass administered via aerosol or drinking water to large chicken populations at low cost, which will have a direct impact on poultry health, fitness, and performance. C1 [Zhao, Wei; Spatz, Stephen; Zhang, Zhenyu; Wen, Guoyuan; Zsak, Laszlo; Yu, Qingzhong] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Garcia, Maricarmen] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA USA. RP Yu, QZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM qingzhong.yu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, ARS CRIS project [6612-32000-065-00D]; China Scholarship Council; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China FX This research was supported by USDA, ARS CRIS project 6612-32000-065-00D. W. Zhao and Z. Zhang were sponsored by a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council, and G. Wen was sponsored by a scholarship from the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 88 IS 15 BP 8397 EP 8406 DI 10.1128/JVI.01321-14 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA AL1ZB UT WOS:000338924400019 PM 24829337 ER PT J AU Condon, BJ Oide, S Gibson, DM Krasnoff, SB Turgeon, BG AF Condon, Bradford J. Oide, Shinichi Gibson, Donna M. Krasnoff, Stuart B. Turgeon, B. Gillian TI Reductive Iron Assimilation and Intracellular Siderophores Assist Extracellular Siderophore-Driven Iron Homeostasis and Virulence SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; PLANT DEFENSE RESPONSES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NONRIBOSOMAL PEPTIDES; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; RESISTANCE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PHYTOPATHOGENICITY AB Iron is an essential nutrient and prudent iron acquisition and management are key traits of a successful pathogen. Fungi use nonribosomally synthesized secreted iron chelators (siderophores) or reductive iron assimilation (RIA) mechanisms to acquire iron in a high affinity manner. Previous studies with the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus identified two genes, NPS2 and NPS6, encoding different nonribosomal peptide synthetases responsible for biosynthesis of intra-and extracellular siderophores, respectively. Deletion of NPS6 results in loss of extracellular siderophore biosynthesis, attenuated virulence, hypersensitivity to oxidative and iron-depletion stress, and reduced asexual sporulation, while nps2 mutants are phenotypically wild type in all of these traits but defective in sexual spore development when NPS2 is missing from both mating partners. Here, it is reported that nps2nps6 mutants have more severe phenotypes than both nps2 and nps6 single mutants. In contrast, mutants lacking the FTR1 or FET3 genes encoding the permease and ferroxidase components, respectively, of the alternate RIA system, are like wild type in all of the above phenotypes. However, without supplemental iron, combinatorial nps6ftr1 and nps2nps6ftr1 mutants are less virulent, are reduced in growth, and are less able to combat oxidative stress and to sporulate asexually, compared with nps6 mutants alone. These findings demonstrate that, while the role of RIA in metabolism and virulence is overshadowed by that of extracellular siderophores as a high-affinity iron acquisition mechanism in C. heterostrophus, it functions as a critical backup for the fungus. C1 [Condon, Bradford J.; Oide, Shinichi; Turgeon, B. Gillian] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Oide, Shinichi] Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth RITE, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan. [Gibson, Donna M.; Krasnoff, Stuart B.] USDA ARS, Biol Integrated Pest Management Unit, Robert W Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Turgeon, BG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM bgt1@cornell.edu OI Condon, Bradford/0000-0003-4377-9205 FU United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65108-20500]; Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) [IS 4167-08C] FX The support of the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant number 2010-65108-20500 to B. G. Turgeon and Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) grant IS 4167-08C to B. A. Horwitz and B. G. Turgeon is gratefully acknowledged. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 EI 1943-7706 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 27 IS 8 BP 793 EP 808 DI 10.1094/MPMI-11-13-0328-R PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA AL1AW UT WOS:000338859200004 PM 24762221 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Busman, M Proctor, RH AF Brown, Daren W. Busman, Mark Proctor, Robert H. TI Fusarium verticillioides SGE1 Is Required for Full Virulence and Regulates Expression of Protein Effector and Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Genes SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; GIBBERELLA-MONILIFORMIS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR; FUMONISIN BIOSYNTHESIS; MAIZE SEEDLINGS; INFECTED TOMATO; XYLEM SAP; OXYSPORUM; PATHOGENICITY; REVEALS AB The transition from one lifestyle to another in some fungi is initiated by a single orthologous gene, SGE1, that regulates markedly different genes in different fungi. Despite these differences, many of the regulated genes encode effector proteins or proteins involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites (SM), both of which can contribute to pathogenicity. Fusarium verticillioides is both an endophyte and a pathogen of maize and can grow as a saprophyte on dead plant material. During growth on live maize plants, the fungus can synthesize a number of toxic SM, including fumonisins, fusarins, and fusaric acid, that can contaminate kernels and kernel-based food and feed. In this study, the role of F. verticillioides SGE1 in pathogenicity and secondary metabolism was examined by gene deletion analysis and transcriptomics. SGE1 is not required for vegetative growth or conidiation but is required for wild-type pathogenicity and affects synthesis of multiple SM, including fumonisins and fusarins. Induced expression of SGE1 enhanced or reduced expression of hundreds of genes, including numerous putative effector genes that could contribute to growth in planta; genes encoding cell surface proteins; gene clusters required for synthesis of fusarins, bikaverin, and an unknown metabolite; as well as the gene encoding the fumonisin cluster transcriptional activator. Together, our results indicate that SGE1 has a role in global regulation of transcription in F. verticillioides that impacts but is not absolutely required for secondary metabolism and pathogenicity on maize. C1 [Brown, Daren W.; Busman, Mark; Proctor, Robert H.] USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM daren.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 12 U2 41 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 EI 1943-7706 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 27 IS 8 BP 809 EP 823 DI 10.1094/MPMI-09-13-0281-R PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA AL1AW UT WOS:000338859200005 PM 24742071 ER PT J AU Lygin, AV Hill, CB Pawlowski, M Zernova, OV Widholm, JM Hartman, GL Lozovaya, VV AF Lygin, Anatoliy V. Hill, Curtis B. Pawlowski, Michelle Zernova, Olga V. Widholm, Jack M. Hartman, Glen L. Lozovaya, Vera V. TI Inhibitory Effects of Stilbenes on the Growth of Three Soybean Pathogens in Culture SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT; F-SP GLYCINEA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CONSTITUTIVE ACCUMULATION; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; PLANT DEFENSE; SYNTHASE GENE; PHYTOALEXINS; METABOLISM; GLYCEOLLIN AB The effects of resveratrol and pterostilbene on in vitro growth of three soybean pathogens were tested to determine whether these stilbenic compounds could potentially be targets to increase innate resistance in transgenic soybean plants. Growth of Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was measured on solid and in liquid media amended with resveratrol and pterostilbene (concentration in the media of resveratrol at 100 mu g/ml and pterostilbene at 25 mu g/ml). All three fungi were very sensitive to pterostilbene in potato dextrose agar (PDA), which reduced colony area of each of the three pathogens to less than half of the control 3 days after incubation. The three fungal pathogens were less sensitive to resveratrol compared with pterostilbene; however, area under the curve (AUC) calculated from colony areas measured over 3 days was significantly (P < 0.05) less than the control for S. sclerotiorum and R. solani on PDA with resveratrol or pterostilbene. AUC for M. phaseolina on PDA with pterostilbene was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control whereas, on PDA with resveratrol, AUC for M. phaseolina was lower than the control but the difference was nonsignificant (P > 0.05). AUC for all three fungi was significantly lower (P < 0.05) on PDA with pterostilbene than with resveratrol. In potato dextrose broth (PDB) shake cultures, AUC for all three fungi was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in pterostilbene than in the control. AUC for R. solani and S. sclerotiorum was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in resveratrol than the control, whereas AUC for M. phaseolina in resveratrol was lower, but not significantly (P > 0.05) different from the control. AUC in pterostilbene was highly significantly (P < 0.01) lower than in resveratrol for M. phaseolina and significantly (P < 0.05) lower for R. solani but the difference for S. sclerotiorum was nonsignificant (P > 0.05). There was a trend for lower mass accumulation of all three fungi in either pterostilbene or resveratrol compared with the control during the course of the experiment; however, S. sclerotiorum appeared to recover from the effects of pterostilbene between days 2 and 4. Results of biochemical analyses of the PDB over time indicated that the three fungi degraded resveratrol, with nearly 75% reduction in concentration in M. phaseolina, 80% in S. sclerotiorum, and 60% in R. solani PDB cultures by day 4 of fungal growth. M. phaseolina and S. sclerotiorum were able to resume growth after early inhibition by resveratrol after its concentration was reduced in the cultures through degradation, whereas R. solani was less efficient in resveratrol degradation and was not able to overcome its inhibitory effects on growth. The capacity to degrade pterostilbene was lowest in M. phaseolina compared with S. sclerotiorum and R. solani and the recovery of M. phaseolina cultures after initial growth inhibition by pterostilbene was minimal. The potential products of resveratrol and pterostilbene degradation by fungi were identified to be dimers and various oxidation products. C1 [Lygin, Anatoliy V.; Hill, Curtis B.; Pawlowski, Michelle; Zernova, Olga V.; Widholm, Jack M.; Hartman, Glen L.; Lozovaya, Vera V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lozovaya, VV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lozovaya@uiuc.edu NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 IS 8 BP 843 EP 850 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-10-13-0287-R PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL5GN UT WOS:000339161700005 PM 24502206 ER PT J AU Tsilo, TJ Kolmer, JA Anderson, JA AF Tsilo, Toi J. Kolmer, James A. Anderson, James A. TI Molecular Mapping and Improvement of Leaf Rust Resistance in Wheat Breeding Lines SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; PUCCINIA-TRITICINA; UNITED-STATES; STRIPE RUST; PHYSIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; STEM RUST; CULTIVARS; LR34/YR18; MARKERS; GENES AB Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most common and widespread disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. Deployment of host-plant resistance is one of the strategies to reduce losses due to leaf rust disease. The objective of this study was to map genes for adult-plant resistance to leaf rust in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population originating from MN98550-5/MN99394-1. The mapping population of 139 RILs and five checks were evaluated in 2005, 2009, and 2010 in five environments. Natural infection occurred in the 2005 trials and trials in 2009 and 2010 were inoculated with leaf rust. Four quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 2BS, 2DS, 7AL, and 7DS were detected. The QTL on 2BS explained up to 33.6% of the phenotypic variation in leaf rust response, whereas the QTL on 2DS, 7AL, and 7DS explained up to 15.7, 8.1, and 34.2%, respectively. Seedling infection type tests conducted with P. triticina races BBBD and SBDG confirmed that the QTL on 2BS and 2DS were Lr16 and Lr2a, respectively, and these genes were expressed in the seedling and field plot tests. The Lr2a gene mapped at the same location as Sr6. The QTL on 7DS was Lr34. The QTL on 7AL is a new QTL for leaf rust resistance. The joint effects of all four QTL explained 74% of the total phenotypic variation in leaf rust severity. Analysis of different combinations of QTL showed that the RILs containing all four or three of the QTL had the lowest average leaf rust severity in all five environments. Deployment of these QTL in combination or with other effective genes will lead to successful control of leaf rust. C1 [Tsilo, Toi J.] Agr Res Council, Small Grain Inst, ZA-9700 Bethlehem, Free State, South Africa. [Kolmer, James A.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Anderson, James A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Tsilo, TJ (reprint author), Agr Res Council, Small Grain Inst, ZA-9700 Bethlehem, Free State, South Africa. EM tsilot@arc.agric.za FU National Research Foundation of South Africa; Agricultural Research Council of South Africa; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Coordinated Agricultural Project) [2006-55606-16629] FX Funding was received from the National Research Foundation of South Africa, the Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, and the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Coordinated Agricultural Project grant number 2006-55606-16629). NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 IS 8 BP 865 EP 870 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-10-13-0276-R PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL5GN UT WOS:000339161700008 PM 24521485 ER PT J AU Covey, PA Kuwitzky, B Hanson, M Webb, KM AF Covey, Paul A. Kuwitzky, Brett Hanson, Mia Webb, Kimberly M. TI Multilocus Analysis Using Putative Fungal Effectors to Describe a Population of Fusarium oxysporum from Sugar Beet SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PISI NECTRIA-HAEMATOCOCCA; VASCULAR WILT FUNGUS; PECTATE LYASE GENE; MATING-TYPE-VI; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; FORMAE-SPECIALES; AVIRULENCE GENE; PLANT-PATHOGENS; VIRULENCE; RESISTANCE AB Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) Fusarium yellows is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. betae and can lead to significant reductions in root yield, sucrose percentage, juice purity, and storability. F. oxysporum f. sp. betae can be highly variable and many F. oxysporum strains isolated from symptomatic sugar beet are nonpathogenic. Identifying pathogenicity factors and their diversity in the F. oxysporum f. sp. betae population could further understanding of how this pathogen causes disease and potentially provide molecular markers to rapidly identify pathogenic isolates. This study used several previously described fungal effector genes (Fmk1, Fow1, Pda1, PelA, PelD, Pep1, Prt1, Rho1, Sge1, Six1, Six6, Snf1, and Ste12) as genetic markers, in a population of 26 pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum originally isolated from symptomatic sugar beet. Of the genes investigated, six were present in all F. oxysporum isolates from sugar beet (Fmk1, Fow1, PelA, Rho1, Snf1, and Ste12), and seven were found to be dispersed within the population (Pda1, PelD, Pep1, Prt1, Sge1, Six1, and Six6). Of these, Fmk1, Fow1, PelA, Rho1, Sge1, Snf1, and Ste12 were significant in relating clade designations and PelD, and Prt1 were significant for correlating with pathogenicity in F. oxysporum f. sp. betae. C1 [Covey, Paul A.; Kuwitzky, Brett; Hanson, Mia; Webb, Kimberly M.] USDA ARS, Sugar Beet Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Webb, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugar Beet Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Kimberly.webb@ars.usda.gov FU Beet Sugar Development Foundation FX Additional funding for this project was provided by the Beet Sugar Development Foundation. We thank C. Richards and P. Reeves from the Plant Germplasm Preservation Research Unit at the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Center for Genetics Resource Preservation for assistance in data analysis. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 83 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 IS 8 BP 886 EP 896 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-09-13-0248-R PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL5GN UT WOS:000339161700011 PM 24502207 ER PT J AU Swanston, CW Preston, CM AF Swanston, Christopher W. Preston, Caroline M. TI Availability of residual fertilizer (15) N from forest floor and mineral soil to Douglas-fir seedlings ten years after fertilization SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; Forest fertilization; Seedling bioassay; N-15; Nitrogen ID COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; GROWTH-RESPONSE; N-15-LABELED FERTILIZER; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FALL APPLICATION; N-15 UPTAKE; POT TRIAL; NITROGEN AB As low initial uptake and essentially zero later uptake limit efficacy of N fertilization for temperate conifers, we investigated factors limiting long-term tree uptake of residual (15) N-labeled fertilizer. We used a pot bioassay to assess availability of (15) N from soil sampled 10 years after fertilization of a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand with (15) N-urea (200 kg N ha(-1)). Douglas-fir seedlings were grown for 2 years in organic (designated LFH) and mineral soil (0-10 cm) layers reconstructed from control and fertilized plots; residual fertilizer N amounted to 10 % of LHF and 5 % of MIN N. Percentage recovery of residual (15) N in seedlings was not affected by the original season of fertilization (spring vs. fall), but differed by the source of (15) N excess. LFH was a better source of residual (15) N; 12.4 % of residual LFH (15) N was taken up by seedlings and 7.6 % transferred to soil, whereas mineral soil yielded only 8.3 % of residual (15) N to seedling uptake and 2.4 % to LFH. Extractable inorganic N was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher in fallow pots. Ten-year residual fertilizer (15) N was clearly cycling between LFH and mineral soil and available to seedlings, indicating that other factors such as denitrification, leaching, and asynchrony of soil N mineralization and tree uptake limit long-term residual N fertilizer uptake in the field. C1 [Swanston, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Preston, Caroline M.] Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. RP Preston, CM (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM cpreston@rncan-nrcan.gc.ca NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2014 VL 381 IS 1-2 BP 381 EP 394 DI 10.1007/s11104-014-2132-7 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AL7VU UT WOS:000339345400028 ER PT J AU Eldridge, DJ Whitford, WG AF Eldridge, David J. Whitford, Walter G. TI Disturbances by desert rodents are more strongly associated with spatial changes in soil texture than woody encroachment SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Bioturbation; Drylands; Seed capture; Litter; Foraging pits; Encroachment; Soils; Shrubs ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; HETEROMYID RODENTS; SHRUB ENCROACHMENT; NATIVE ANIMALS; KANGAROO RATS; DISTRIBUTIONS; GRASSLAND; MAMMALS; DECOMPOSITION AB Soil texture is an important determinant of ecosystem structure and productivity in drylands, and may influence animal foraging and, indirectly, plant community composition. We measured the density and composition of surface disturbances (foraging pits) of small, soil-foraging desert vertebrates in shrubland and grasslands, both with coarse- and fine-textured soils. We predicted that the density and functional significance of disturbances would be related more to differences in texture than shrub encroachment. Soil texture had a stronger influence on animal foraging sites than shrub encroachment. There were more disturbances, greater richness and abundance of trapped seed, and greater richness of germinating plants on coarse- than fine-textured soils. Pits in coarse soils trapped 50 % more litter than those in finer soils. Apart from slightly more soil removal and greater litter capture in shrubland pits, there were no effects of encroachment. Although the process of woody encroachment has been shown to have marked effects on some ecosystem properties, it is likely to have a more subordinate effect on surface disturbances and therefore their effects on desert plant communities than soil texture. Our results highlight the importance of animal activity in shaping desert plant communities, and potentially, in maintaining or reinforcing shrub dominant processes. C1 [Eldridge, David J.] Univ New S Wales, Ctr Ecosyst Sci, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Whitford, Walter G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Eldridge, DJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Ctr Ecosyst Sci, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM d.eldridge@unsw.edu.au FU International Arid Lands Consortium FX We acknowledge support from the International Arid Lands Consortium, thank Terry Koen for undertaking the statistical analyses, and Santiago Soliveres, Matthew Bowker and Heather Throop for comments on earlier drafts. Chris Havstad provided office space to DJE while this work was carried out. This is a contribution to the Jornada Long-Term Ecological Research Program. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2014 VL 381 IS 1-2 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s11104-014-2142-5 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AL7VU UT WOS:000339345400029 ER PT J AU Ravelonandro, M Scorza, R Michel, HJ Briard, P AF Ravelonandro, Michel Scorza, Ralph Michel, Hily Jean Briard, Pascal TI The efficiency of RNA interference for conferring stable resistance to plum pox virus SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Prunus domestica; Nicotiana benthamiana; Resistance; Silencing; Plum pox virus ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; TRANSGENIC PRUNUS-DOMESTICA; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE; ARMENIACA L.; PLANTS; POTYVIRUS; STRAINS; DISEASE; PPV; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Plum transformed with an intron hairpin RNA CP (ihpRNA-CP) was resistant to plum pox virus (PPV) infection through the specific process of RNA silencing involving both small interfering-RNA (siRNA) and a methylated virus transgene. Silencing specifically targeted the PPV genome and led to the degradation of viral RNA in the model plant species Nicotiana benthamiana and the natural Prunus domestica host. Plums inoculated with the five major PPV strains, three widespread PPV strains (D, M, and Rec), and the atypical EA strain did not allow systemic spread of PPV in greenhouse-grown transgenic ihRNA-CP plum over multiple cycles of vegetative growth and cold-induced dormancy. PPV ihRNA-CP N. benthamiana displayed an immunity reaction and also allowed for the testing of PPV-C, a strain that was unable to infect P. domestica. This stable resistance demonstrated in plum based on the accumulation of siRNA can prevent PPV infection and can also act as a "curative" when PPV is inoculated through graft inoculation, through a recovery reaction. Regardless PPV strain variability based on geography, host species, epidemiology and serotypes of the CP protein and substitutions of nucleotides at the NH2-terminus of CP of the major five PPV strains tested, we show that the use of a PPV-CP intron hairpin (ihp) RNA is an effective strategy to specifically target the PPV genome. We provide methods and tools that demonstrate a reliable path towards developing PPV resistance suitable for protecting stone fruit orchards. C1 [Ravelonandro, Michel; Michel, Hily Jean; Briard, Pascal] INRA Bordeaux, Biol Fruit & Pathol UMR1332, Villenave Dornon, France. [Scorza, Ralph; Michel, Hily Jean] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Ravelonandro, M (reprint author), INRA Bordeaux, Biol Fruit & Pathol UMR1332, Villenave Dornon, France. EM ravelona@bordeaux.inra.fr FU European Union [204429] FX This work was supported by the European Union via the contract Sharco-EU-FP7 number 204429 (2008-2012). NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 EI 1573-5044 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 118 IS 2 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s11240-014-0487-3 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA AL6YK UT WOS:000339279500014 ER PT J AU Czarnitzki, D Rammer, C Toole, AA AF Czarnitzki, Dirk Rammer, Christian Toole, Andrew A. TI University spin-offs and the "performance premium" SO SMALL BUSINESS ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Academic entrepreneurship; Start-ups; Firm performance; Technology transfer; Open science; University spin-off policy; Human capital; Social capital ID START-UPS; TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER; FIRM PERFORMANCE; ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP; SAMPLE SELECTION; SBIR PROGRAM; KNOWLEDGE; SCIENCE; BIOTECHNOLOGY; PRODUCTIVITY AB The creation of spin-off companies is often promoted as a desirable mechanism for transferring knowledge and technologies from research organizations to the private sector for commercialization. In the promotion process, policymakers typically treat these "university" spin-offs like industry start-ups. However, when university spin-offs involve an employment transition by a researcher from the not-for-profit sector, the creation of a university spin-off is likely to impose a higher social cost than the creation of an industry start-up. To offset this higher social cost, university spin-offs must produce a larger stream of social benefits than industry start-ups, a performance premium. This paper outlines the arguments explaining why the social costs of entrepreneurship are likely to be higher for academic entrepreneurs, and empirically investigates the existence of a performance premium using a sample of German start-up companies. We find that university spin-offs exhibit a performance premium of 3.4 % points higher employment growth over industry start-ups. The analysis also shows that the performance premium varies across types of academic entrepreneurs and founders' academic disciplines. C1 [Czarnitzki, Dirk] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Managerial Econ Strategy & Innovat, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Czarnitzki, Dirk] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr R&D Monitoring ECOOM, Leuven, Belgium. [Czarnitzki, Dirk; Rammer, Christian; Toole, Andrew A.] Ctr European Econ Res ZEW, Dept Ind Econ & Int Management, D-68161 Mannheim, Germany. [Toole, Andrew A.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Toole, AA (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Mail Stop 1800, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM dirk.czarnitzki@kuleuven.be; rammer@zew.de; atoole@ers.usda.gov NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-898X EI 1573-0913 J9 SMALL BUS ECON JI Small Bus. Econ. Group PD AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 2 SI SI BP 309 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s11187-013-9538-0 PG 18 WC Business; Economics; Management SC Business & Economics GA AL7RR UT WOS:000339333000004 ER PT J AU Beaudoin, AL Kitikoon, P Schreiner, PJ Singer, RS Sasipreeyajan, J Amonsin, A Gramer, MR Pakinsee, S Bender, JB AF Beaudoin, A. L. Kitikoon, P. Schreiner, P. J. Singer, R. S. Sasipreeyajan, J. Amonsin, A. Gramer, M. R. Pakinsee, S. Bender, J. B. TI Risk Factors for Exposure to Influenza A Viruses, Including Subtype H5 Viruses, in Thai Free-Grazing Ducks SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; Thailand; ducks; serology; risk factors ID PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA; DOMESTIC DUCKS; WILD BIRDS; HONG-KONG; OUTBREAKS; ASIA; INFECTION; CHICKENS; POULTRY; BANGLADESH AB Free-grazing ducks (FGD) have been associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks and may be a viral reservoir. In July-August 2010, we assessed influenza exposure of Thai FGD and risk factors thereof. Serum from 6254 ducks was analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to influenza A nucleoprotein (NP), and haemagglutinin H5 protein. Eighty-five per cent (5305 ducks) were seropositive for influenza A. Of the NP-seropositive sera tested with H5 assays (n = 1423), 553 (39%) were H5 ELISA positive and 57 (4%) suspect. Twelve per cent (74 of 610) of H5 ELISA-positive/suspect ducks had H5 titres >= 1 : 20 by haemagglutination inhibition. Risk factors for influenza A seropositivity include older age, poultry contact, flock visitors and older purchase age. Study flocks had H5 virus exposure as recently as March 2010, but no HPAI H5N1 outbreaks have been identified in Thailand since 2008, highlighting a need for rigorous FGD surveillance. C1 [Beaudoin, A. L.; Schreiner, P. J.; Singer, R. S.; Gramer, M. R.; Bender, J. B.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, St Paul, MN USA. [Kitikoon, P.] USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Sasipreeyajan, J.; Amonsin, A.; Pakinsee, S.] Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Bender, JB (reprint author), 136F ABLMS, 1354 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bende002@umn.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U19 C1000407]; Thailand Department of Livestock Development FX Thank you to Mary Pantin-Jackwood of the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, for providing H5-positive duck serum and to Justin Brown of the University of Georgia for providing duck-specific data for determination of NP ELISA cut-off. We appreciate the support of the Thailand Department of Livestock Development and their cooperation in identifying all free-grazing duck flocks in Suphanburi Province. The authors also thank the staff of the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, for assistance with sample collection, and Ranida Tuanudom, Duangduen Prakairungnamthip and Juthatip Keawcharoen for their laboratory efforts. Funding for this work was received from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Cooperative Agreement Number U19 C1000407). NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1865-1674 EI 1865-1682 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 4 BP 362 EP 374 DI 10.1111/tbed.12043 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA AL4HW UT WOS:000339094700009 PM 23279757 ER PT J AU Miliczky, ER Horton, DR LaGasa, E AF Miliczky, Eugene R. Horton, David R. LaGasa, Eric TI Arthropod fauna of rolled alder leaves in Washington State, United States of America (Insecta, Arachnida) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID MANAGED APPLE ORCHARDS; LEAFROLLER LEPIDOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; LEAF SHELTERS; HOST PLANTS; PARASITISM; OAK; GRACILLARIIDAE; CATERPILLARS; TORTRICIDAE AB The eastern foothills of the Cascade Range in Washington State, United States of America are west of the State's major fruit-producing region. Alders (Alnus Hill (Betulaceae)), an important floristic component of riparian communities in the Cascade Range foothills, were surveyed for leafrolling caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) that might serve as alternate hosts for parasitoids of orchard pest leafrollers, particularly the nonnative wasp Colpoclypeus florus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Tortricid leafrollers were abundant on alder, but reared parasitoids did not include C. florus. Survey results also revealed that rolled leaves were secondarily colonised by a wide variety of predatory and phytophagous arthropods. Rolled leaves were almost 10-fold more likely to be occupied by predatory arthropods than adjacent, roll-free leaves. Phytophagous thrips and mites showed a similar preference for rolled leaves. The most abundant predaceous arthropods in the leafrolls were Anthocoris antevolens White (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), found in 4.4% of leafrolls, and the spider Clubiona pacifica Banks (Araneae: Clubionidae), found in 8.3% of leafrolls. Both species, and several other predatory insect and spider species found in the rolled leaves, also occur in eastern Washington orchards where they contribute to biological control. Because of its frequent colonisation by beneficial arthropods, alder may prove useful in conservation biological control programs. C1 [Miliczky, Eugene R.; Horton, David R.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [LaGasa, Eric] Washington State Dept Agr, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Miliczky, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM gene.miliczky@ars.usda.gov FU Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (IFAFS) grant; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission FX This research was supported under an Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (IFAFS) grant and by a grant from the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission. Merilee Bayer provided invaluable assistance in the collection and examination of leafrolls and the rearing of their contents. Tom Unruh, Bob Pfannenstiel, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0008-347X EI 1918-3240 J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 146 IS 4 BP 415 EP 428 DI 10.4039/tce.2013.84 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AL0OZ UT WOS:000338827500002 ER PT J AU Prasifka, JR Campbell, JF Aiken, RM Bradshaw, JD AF Prasifka, Jarrad R. Campbell, James F. Aiken, Robert M. Bradshaw, Jeffrey D. TI Methods for assessing infestations of sunflower stem weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in sunflower stems SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CYLINDROCOPTURUS-ADSPERSUS COLEOPTERA; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; WHEAT KERNELS; PLAINS; LARVAE AB The sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), reduces sunflower, Helianthus annuus Linnaeus (Asteraceae), yields by spreading pathogens, damaging vascular tissues, and promoting lodging of sunflower plants. To assess weevil populations for host plant resistance and insecticide field trials, larvae are dissected out of stems and counted; a process that is slow and limits experimental designs. To improve efficiency of sunflower stem weevil sample processing, field-collected sunflower samples were used to evaluate whether digital radiographs (X-rays) of stem sections or population estimates from rearing out overwintering stem weevils are suitable substitutes for dissection of complete stems. Digital X-rays of small stem pieces (15 cm above soil level) split longitudinally were found to explain over 75% of the variation in numbers of weevil larvae from dissected stem samples (50 cm), but required less than one-fifth the time of manual dissection. Use of small emergence boxes to estimate weevil populations was similarly time efficient, but may not be easily related to weevils per plant because of parasitism and other mortality. Results suggest for large field trials with sunflower stem weevils, digital X-rays provide much more time-efficient larval population estimates. C1 [Prasifka, Jarrad R.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Campbell, James F.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Aiken, Robert M.] Kansas State Univ, Northwest Res Extens Ctr, Colby, KS 67701 USA. [Bradshaw, Jeffrey D.] Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. RP Prasifka, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd North, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM jarrad.prasifka@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0008-347X EI 1918-3240 J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 146 IS 4 BP 465 EP 469 DI 10.4039/tce.2013.80 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AL0OZ UT WOS:000338827500006 ER PT J AU Barnard, DR Dickerson, CZ Murugan, K Xue, RD Kline, DL Bernier, UR AF Barnard, Donald R. Dickerson, Catherine Z. Murugan, Kadarkarai Xue, Rui-De Kline, Daniel L. Bernier, Ulrich R. TI Measurement of landing mosquito density on humans SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE Mosquito; Vector; Density; Detection; Surveillance; Periodicity ID BODY-SURFACE AREA; ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS; MALARIA VECTORS; BRITISH MOSQUITOES; HOST PREFERENCES; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; BITING BEHAVIOR; CENTRAL-AMERICA; LIGHT-TRAP; CULICIDAE AB In traditional vector surveillance systems, adult mosquito density and the rate of mosquito-human host contact are estimated from the mosquito numbers captured in mechanical traps. But the design of the traps, their placement in the habitat and operating time, microclimate, and other environmental factors bias mosquito responses such that trapped mosquito numbers may be at variance with the numbers actually making human contact. As an alternative to mechanical traps, direct measurement of landing mosquito density enables real-time estimation of the mosquito-human-host-contact parameter. Based on this paradigm, we studied methods to measure mosquito landing responses to a human host. Our results showed: (a) an 18% difference (P < 0.0001) in the mean number of female Aedes albopictus (Skuse) making initial contact with the skin (9.11 +/- 0.74 min(-1)) compared with the number remaining on the skin for 5 s (7.42 +/- 0.69 min(-1)); (b) an increase (P < 0.05) in the mean per minute (min(-1)) landing responses of Culex nigripalpus Theobald and Cx. quinquefasciatus Say with increased sampling time; (c) no difference (P > 0.55) in the average number of Ae. albopictus landing on the arm (8.6 +/- 1.6 min(-1)) compared with the leg (9.2 +/- 2.5 min(-1)) of the same human subject; (d) differences among day-to-day landing patterns for the mosquito species we studied but measurable periodicity (P < 0.05) in each case when daily patterns were averaged for four or more diel periods; and (e) an effect on landing mosquito density from air temperature (Pc 0.0001) for Ae. albopictus and Cx. nigripalpus and dew point temperature (P< 0.0001) for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Results from this study were used to develop a procedure for safely and accurately measuring mosquito landing density on a human subject. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barnard, Donald R.; Dickerson, Catherine Z.; Kline, Daniel L.; Bernier, Ulrich R.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Murugan, Kadarkarai] Bharathiar Univ, Sch Life Sci, Dept Zool, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. [Xue, Rui-De] Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL 32085 USA. RP Barnard, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM don.barnard@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X EI 1873-6254 J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 136 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.019 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA AK7OD UT WOS:000338616700010 PM 24769003 ER PT J AU Bhalla, A Bischoff, KM Uppugundla, N Balan, V Sani, RK AF Bhalla, Aditya Bischoff, Kenneth M. Uppugundla, Nirmal Balan, Venkatesh Sani, Rajesh K. TI Novel thermostable endo-xylanase cloned and expressed from bacterium Geobacillus sp WSUCF1 SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advances in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics CY NOV 25-27, 2013 CL Pune, INDIA DE Biofuels; Endo-xylanase; AFEX-treated corn stover; Thermostable ID GENERATING XYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDES; CLONING; APPLICABILITY AB A gene encoding a GH10 endo-xylanase from Geobacillus sp. WSUCF1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant endo-xylanase (37 kDa) exhibited high specific activity of 461.0 U/mg of protein. Endo-xylanase was optimally active on birchwood xylan at 70 degrees C and pH 6.5. The endo-xylanase was found to be highly thermostable at 50 and 60 degrees C, retaining 82% and 50% of its original activity, respectively, after 60 h. High xylan conversions (92%) were obtained with oat-spelt xylan hydrolysis. Higher glucan and xylan conversions were obtained on AFEX-treated corn stover with an enzyme cocktail containing WSUCF1 endo-xylanase (71% and 47%) as compared to enzyme cocktail containing commercial fungal endo-xylanase (64% and 41%). High specific activity, active at high pH's, wide substrate specificity, and higher hydrolytic activity on recalcitrant lignocellulose, make this endo-xylanase a suitable candidate for biofuel and bioprocess industries. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhalla, Aditya; Sani, Rajesh K.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Bischoff, Kenneth M.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Uppugundla, Nirmal; Balan, Venkatesh] Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Sani, RK (reprint author), South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM Rajesh.Sani@sdsmt.edu RI BHALLA, ADITYA/Q-2792-2015 OI BHALLA, ADITYA/0000-0003-3462-9600 FU NSF-I/UCRC [441087]; U.S. DOE GLBRC [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the (NSF-I/UCRC, Grant #441087). Funding support given to Dr. Balan and Nirmal Uppugundla by U.S. DOE GLBRC DE-FC02-07ER64494 is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Prof. Bruce Dale at Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, MSU for allowing use of automatic pipetting workstations. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 165 SI SI BP 314 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.112 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA AK8WZ UT WOS:000338710700048 PM 24725385 ER PT J AU Nowak, DJ Hirabayashi, S Bodine, A Hoehn, R AF Nowak, David J. Hirabayashi, Satoshi Bodine, Allison Hoehn, Robert TI Comments on "Modeled PM2.5 removal by trees in ten U.S. cities and associated health effects" by Nowak et al. (2013) Response SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Letter C1 [Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Nowak, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM dnowak@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 191 BP 257 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.03.034 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7JS UT WOS:000338605200034 PM 24746889 ER PT J AU Andrew, CJ Van Diepen, LTA Miller, RM Lilleskov, EA AF Andrew, Carrie J. Van Diepen, Linda T. A. Miller, R. Michael Lilleskov, Erik A. TI Aspen-associated mycorrhizal fungal production and respiration as a function of changing CO2, O-3 and climatic variables SO FUNGAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Mycorrhizal fungi; Ozone; Populus tremuloides; Productivity; Respiration ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO-2; SOIL RESPIRATION; FOREST SOIL; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; AGARICUS-BISPORUS AB The relationships of mycorrhizal fungal respiration and productivity to climate and atmospheric chemistry remain under characterized. We quantified mycorrhizal sporocarp and hyphal respiration, as well as growing season net hyphal production, under ambient and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O-3) in relation to natural temperature and moisture variation. Hyphal respiration did not respond significantly to elevated CO2 and O-3. Sporocarp respiration was affected by temperature and moisture content while hyphal respiratory response to temperature was undetected over the narrower range of soil temperatures captured. Hyphal respiration comprised 31 % of soil respiration, and the ratio of hyphal respiration to soil respiration declined with elevated CO2. Hyphal biomass was reduced under all treatments though not statistically significant. Given the large fraction of soil respiration represented by mycorrhizal fungi and its sensitivity to climate, a small change in fungal respiration could strongly affect carbon budgets and cycling under climate change. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Andrew, Carrie J.; Van Diepen, Linda T. A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Andrew, Carrie J.] NE Illinois Univ, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. [Andrew, Carrie J.] Art Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Andrew, Carrie J.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Van Diepen, Linda T. A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Miller, R. Michael] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Andrew, CJ (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM carrie.j.andrew@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service; Northern Research Station; Ecosystem Science Center (MTU) research grant; Finishing Fellowship Grant through the Michigan Technological University Graduate School; US Department of Energy FX We extend our gratitude to AJ Burton for advice on past manuscripts and study designs, to both AJ Burton & KS Pregitzer for sharing Aspen FACE soil respiration data, and to anonymous reviewers of this manuscript. We appreciate field help contributed by Bob Andrew and Joy Andrew. Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, an Ecosystem Science Center (MTU) research grant awarded to C Andrew in 2006, and a Finishing Fellowship Grant awarded to C Andrew through the Michigan Technological University Graduate School in 2009. Finally, we thank the Aspen FACE Steering Committee for implementing and maintaining the Aspen FACE site throughout the duration of this study. The Aspen FACE site was primarily funded by the US Department of Energy. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1754-5048 EI 1878-0083 J9 FUNGAL ECOL JI Fungal Ecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.funeco.2013.10.005 PG 11 WC Ecology; Mycology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mycology GA AK7PE UT WOS:000338619400007 ER PT J AU Hobbie, EA Hofmockel, KS Van Diepen, LTA Lilleskov, EA Ouimette, AP Finzi, AC AF Hobbie, Erik A. Hofmockel, Kirsten S. Van Diepen, Linda T. A. Lilleskov, Erik A. Ouimette, Andrew P. Finzi, Adrien C. TI Fungal carbon sources in a pine forest: evidence from a C-13-labeled global change experiment SO FUNGAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carbon isotope; Carbon source; Duke Forest; Ectomycorrhizal fungi; Exploration type; Global change; Organic nitrogen; Saprotrophic fungi ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MYCORRHIZAL; ENRICHMENT; N-15; C-13; SOIL; DECOMPOSITION AB We used natural abundance C-13:C-12 (delta C-13) and 8 yr of labeling with C-13-depleted CO2 in a Pinus taeda Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment to investigate carbon sources of saprotrophic fungi, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and fungi of uncertain life history. Sporocarp delta C-13 identified Sistotrema confluens as ectomycorrhizal, as suspected previously from morphological characteristics. Saprotrophic delta C-13 declined by 2 parts per thousand-13 parts per thousand between ambient to elevated CO2 treatments and corresponded to different carbon sources, including surface litter (Rhodocollybia, Mycena), pine cones (Baeospora), wood (Gymnopilus, Pholiota), and soil (Ramariopsis). Ectomycorrhizal fungi, foliage, and surficial litter declined 12 parts per thousand in delta C-13 between ambient and elevated treatments, confirming that these fungi depend on recent photosynthate. The delta C-13 of ectomycorrhizal genera correlated between treatments with a slope (4.3 +/- 1.2) greater than the expected value of one. This suggested that Inocybe and Cortinarius incorporated some pre-treatment, soil-derived carbon (presumably from amino acids) whereas Lactarius and Russula only incorporated current-year photosynthate or recent, litter-derived carbon. Combining natural abundance and tracer C-13 measurements proved a powerful technique to examine carbon sources of different fungi. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Hobbie, Erik A.; Ouimette, Andrew P.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hofmockel, Kirsten S.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Van Diepen, Linda T. A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Finzi, Adrien C.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Hobbie, EA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM erik.hobbie@unh.edu RI Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016 OI Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533 FU U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology; Harvard University; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER62083] FX This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Environmental Biology and by a Bullard Fellowship to E.H. from Harvard University. Core funding for the Duke FACE site was provided by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant No. DE-FG02-95ER62083. Sporocarp collection and identification by Matt Henn and Rytas Vilgalys are gratefully acknowledged, as are comments on earlier versions by Sharon Billings and Rich Phillips. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1754-5048 EI 1878-0083 J9 FUNGAL ECOL JI Fungal Ecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.funeco.2013.11.001 PG 10 WC Ecology; Mycology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mycology GA AK7PE UT WOS:000338619400009 ER PT J AU McCluskey, B Lombard, J Strunk, S Nelson, D Robbe-Austerman, S Naugle, A Edmondson, A AF McCluskey, B. Lombard, J. Strunk, S. Nelson, D. Robbe-Austerman, S. Naugle, A. Edmondson, A. TI Mycobacterium bovis in California dairies: A case series of 2002-2013 outbreaks SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium bovis; Outbreak investigation; Genotyping ID UNITED-STATES; MEXICAN PATIENTS; TUBERCULOSIS; CATTLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; ANIMALS; REGION AB From 2002 to 2013, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) has been detected on numerous dairies in California. In total, twelve herds had bTB detected and are included in the case series which describes these recent outbreaks and discusses potential pathways of introduction. Epidemiological investigations to determine the initial source of bTB in each herd included obtaining data on likely pathways of pathogen introduction. Pathways included purchasing cattle, use of heifer-raising operations, commingling of cattle at greater risk of exposure to infected cattle with cattle destined for California dairies, contact with infected wildlife, exposure to humans with bTB infections, community and neighboring herds and others. Epidemiologic and molecular typing data confirmed the source of infection in 3 herds and probable sources of infection in 2 herds. In the 7 remaining herds described in this case series an epidemiologic link to a source could not be determined and molecular typing results did not associate M. bovis isolates acquired from these herds with another specific U.S. herd or U.S.-born animal. Preventing new introductions of M. bovis onto California dairies will require rigorous epidemiologic investigation of all the potential pathways of introduction discussed here. The root cause(s) of bTB on California dairies is certainly multifactorial with complex interactions of herd management practices, importation of cattle at greater risk of exposure to infected cattle, and the potential of human M. bovis exposure. The extensive use of molecular typing has improved epidemiologists' ability to narrow the scope of potential sources. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McCluskey, B.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lombard, J.; Strunk, S.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nelson, D.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Calif Area Off, Sacramento, CA 95827 USA. [Robbe-Austerman, S.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Naugle, A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Programs, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Edmondson, A.] Anim Hlth & Food Safety Serv, Calif Dept Food & Agr, Anim Hlth Branch, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP McCluskey, B (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM brian.j.mccluskey@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 EI 1873-1716 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 3-4 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.04.010 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AK7NI UT WOS:000338614600015 PM 24856878 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC King, KW Fausey, NR AF Smiley, Peter C., Jr. King, Kevin W. Fausey, Norman R. TI Annual and seasonal differences in pesticide mixtures within channelized agricultural headwater streams in central Ohio SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Herbicides; Fungicides; Water quality; Headwater streams; Agriculture ID LONG-TERM RESEARCH; HERBICIDE TRANSPORT; SURFACE-WATER; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; US STREAMS; MANAGEMENT; PERSPECTIVES; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES AB Only a limited amount of information on pesticide mixtures within agricultural headwater streams is available. A greater understanding of the characteristics of pesticide mixtures and their spatial and temporal trends within agricultural headwater streams is needed to evaluate the risks of pesticide mixtures. We measured concentrations of 13 pesticides within seven channelized agricultural headwater streams in central Ohio for 5 years to document what types of pesticide mixtures occur, trends in pesticide mixtures with increasing watershed size, and annual and seasonal trends in pesticide mixtures. Pesticide mixtures consisted mostly of combinations of herbicides or herbicides and fungicides. Only one of 14 response variables differed between watershed sizes. Seasonal trends in the percent occurrence, complexity, concentration, and types of pesticide mixtures differed annually. Our results suggest channelized agricultural headwater streams with watershed sizes ranging from 0.7 to 4.5 km(2) will exhibit greater temporal variation than spatial variation in pesticide mixtures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smiley, Peter C., Jr.; King, Kevin W.; Fausey, Norman R.] ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Smiley, PC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM rocky.smiley@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 193 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2014.04.022 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7OU UT WOS:000338618400009 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Bruton, BD Biles, CL AF Zhang, J. Bruton, B. D. Biles, C. L. TI Cell wall-degrading enzymes of Didymella bryoniae in relation to fungal growth and virulence in cantaloupe fruit SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; Black rot; Pectolytic enzymes; Polygalacturonase; Pectate lyase; Pectin lyase; Cellulase; beta-galactosidase ID VERTICILLIUM-ALBO-ATRUM; BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; IN-VITRO; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; COTTON BOLLS; BLACK ROT; POLYGALACTURONASE; PATHOGENESIS; AGGRESSIVENESS; PATHOGENICITY AB Didymella bryoniae is an important pathogen of cucurbits worldwide. Virulence factors of D. bryoniae were investigated in regard to fungal growth and the production of the cell wall-degrading enzymes, polygalacturonase (PG), pectate lyase (PL), pectin lyase (PNL), beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) and cellulase (Cx). Virulence levels of five D. bryoniae isolates were determined by the severity of inoculated cantaloupe fruit decay. The highly virulent isolates had more mycelial growth than the moderately virulent isolates in different media. PG activities produced by the highly virulent isolates in shake cultures and in decayed fruit were greater than those of the moderately virulent isolates. PNL, but not PL, in decayed fruit was higher with the highly virulent isolates compared to the moderately virulent ones. The highly virulent isolates showed higher Cx activity than the moderately virulent ones in decayed fruit and in fruit tissue shake culture. beta-Gal activities of the highly virulent isolates in pectin shake culture and in decayed fruit were greater than those of the two moderately virulent isolates although fruit also produced beta-Gal. Protein analysis showed two fungal beta-Gal isozymes in decayed fruit compared to those of healthy fruit. Correlation analysis indicated that the activities of PG, PNL, beta-Gal and Cx in cultures and in decayed fruit positively correlated with fungal growth and fruit decay severity. The results of this study suggest that PG, PNL, beta-Gal, and Cx appear to be virulence factors of D. bryoniae in cantaloupe decay with PG and beta-Gal as the most predominant fruit decay enzymes. C1 [Zhang, J.; Bruton, B. D.] ARS, USDA, South Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Biles, C. L.] E Cent Univ, Dept Biol, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Biles, CL (reprint author), E Cent Univ, Dept Biol, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM cbiles@ecok.edu FU USDA [58-6222-6-018]; East Central University FX This research was supported by a USDA Cooperative Grant (Agreement no. 58-6222-6-018) and East Central University. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 EI 1573-8469 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 139 IS 4 BP 749 EP 761 DI 10.1007/s10658-014-0429-2 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AK7TY UT WOS:000338631800008 PM 25364138 ER PT J AU Ro, KS Hunt, PG Jackson, MA Compton, DL Yates, SR Cantrell, K Chang, SC AF Ro, Kyoung S. Hunt, Patrick G. Jackson, Michael A. Compton, David L. Yates, Scott R. Cantrell, Keri Chang, SeChin TI Co-pyrolysis of swine manure with agricultural plastic waste: Laboratory-scale study SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Swine manure; Agricultural plastic wastes; Co-pyrolysis; Biochar; Power ID TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS; SOIL; BIOCHAR; SORPTION; DEGRADATION; CONVERSION; FUMIGANTS; SOLIDS; IMPACT AB Manure-derived biochar is the solid product resulting from pyrolysis of animal manures. It has considerable potential both to improve soil quality with high levels of nutrients and to reduce contaminants in water and soil. However, the combustible gas produced from manure pyrolysis generally does not provide enough energy to sustain the pyrolysis process. Supplementing this process may be achieved with spent agricultural plastic films; these feedstocks have large amounts of available energy. Plastic films are often used in soil fumigation. They are usually disposed in landfills, which is wasteful, expensive, and environmentally unsustainable. The objective of this work was to investigate both the energetics of co-pyrolyzing swine solids with spent plastic mulch films (SPM) and the characteristics of its gas, liquid, and solid byproducts. The heating value of the product gas from co-pyrolysis was found to be much higher than that of natural gas; furthermore, the gas had no detectable toxic fumigants. Energetically, sustaining pyrolysis of the swine solids through the energy of the product gas could be achieved by co-pyrolyzing dewatered swine solids (25% m/m) with just 10% SPM. If more than 10% SPM is used, the co-pyrolysis would generate surplus energy which could be used for power generation. Biochars produced from co-pyrolyzing SPM and swine solid were similar to swine solid alone based on the surface area and the H-1 NMR spectra. The results of this study demonstrated the potential of using pyrolysis technology to manage two prominent agricultural waste streams (SPM and swine solids) while producing value-added biochar and a power source that could be used for local farm operations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ro, Kyoung S.; Hunt, Patrick G.; Cantrell, Keri] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Jackson, Michael A.; Compton, David L.] USDA ARS, NCAUR Renewable Prod Technol Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Yates, Scott R.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. [Chang, SeChin] USDA ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Ro, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM kyoung.ro@ars.usda.gov OI Jackson, Michael/0000-0003-4893-9917 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1520 EP 1528 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.04.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7IC UT WOS:000338601000020 PM 24810203 ER PT J AU Manitchotpisit, P Watanapoksin, R Price, NPJ Bischoff, KM Tayeh, M Teeraworawit, S Kriwong, S Leathers, TD AF Manitchotpisit, Pennapa Watanapoksin, Ramida Price, Neil P. J. Bischoff, Kenneth M. Tayeh, Malatee Teeraworawit, Sudarat Kriwong, Saranya Leathers, Timothy D. TI Aureobasidium pullulans as a source of liamocins (heavy oils) with anticancer activity SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anticancer agents; Aureobasidium pullulans; Liamocins; Phylogeny; Pullulan ID 5-HYDROXY-2-DECENOYL ESTERS; POLYOL LIPIDS; MANNITOL; 3,5-DIHYDROXYDECANOYL; ARABITOL AB Liamocins are structurally unique, heavier-than-water "oils" produced by certain strains of Aureobasidium pullulans. The aim of the current study is to identify new sources of liamocins and evaluate their potential as anticancer agents. Nine strains of A. pullulans from phylogenetic clades 8, 9, and 11 were examined for the first time for production of liamocins. Strains in these clades have only been isolated from tropical environments, and all strains tested here were from various locations in Thailand. Strains RSU 9, RSU 21, and RSU 29, all from clade 11, produced from 7.0 to 8.6 g liamocins/l from medium containing 5 % sucrose. These are the highest yields of liamocins that we have found thus far. These strains also produced from 9.4 to 17 g pullulan/l. The structural identity of liamocins was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry; differential spectra were obtained in which the dominant ion was either at about m/z 805.5 or m/z 949.6, consistent with the structure of liamocins. Liamocins from A. pullulans strains RSU 9 and RSU 21 inhibited two human breast cancer cell lines and a human cervical cancer cell line (IC50 values of 32.2 +/- A 1.4 to 63.1 +/- A 2.4 mu g liamocins/ml) but were not toxic to a normal cell line. Liamocins weakly inhibited a strain of Enterococcus faecalis, but did not inhibit strains of Lactobacillus fermentum, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, A. pullulans phylogenetic clade 11 is a promising source of liamocins, and these compounds merit further examination as potential anticancer agents. C1 [Manitchotpisit, Pennapa; Teeraworawit, Sudarat; Kriwong, Saranya] Rangsit Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Med Sci, Lakhok 12000, Pathumthani, Thailand. [Watanapoksin, Ramida; Tayeh, Malatee] Srinakharinwirot Univ, Dept Biochem, Fac Med, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. [Price, Neil P. J.; Bischoff, Kenneth M.; Leathers, Timothy D.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM tim.leathers@ars.usda.gov RI Chen, Ru/A-5105-2015 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 EI 1573-0972 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2199 EP 2204 DI 10.1007/s11274-014-1639-7 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AK6SJ UT WOS:000338557300007 PM 24659335 ER PT J AU Baranowski, T AF Baranowski, Tom TI Measurement Method Bias in Games for Health Research SO GAMES FOR HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Pediat Behav Nutr & Phys Act,Dept Pediat,Baylor C, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Baranowski, T (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Pediat Behav Nutr & Phys Act,Dept Pediat,Baylor C, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2161-783X EI 2161-7856 J9 GAMES HEALTH J JI Games Health J. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 3 IS 4 BP 193 EP 194 DI 10.1089/g4h.2014.0058 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA CU2WC UT WOS:000363383300001 PM 26192366 ER PT J AU VanTassel, HLH Hansen, AM Barrows, CW Latif, Q Simon, MW Anderson, KE AF VanTassel, Heather L. Hulton Hansen, Anne M. Barrows, Cameron W. Latif, Quresh Simon, Margaret W. Anderson, Kurt E. TI Declines in a ground-dwelling arthropod community during an invasion by Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii) in aeolian sand habitats SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Community structure; Arid environments; Invasive species impacts; Bottom-up effects; Aeolian sand dunes ID NATIVE PLANT; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; SPECIES RICHNESS; DUNE LANDSCAPE; ALIEN PLANTS; VEGETATION; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; CONSEQUENCES; METAANALYSIS AB Sahara Mustard (Brassica tournefortii; hereafter mustard), an exotic plant species, has invaded habitats throughout the arid southwestern United States. Mustard has reached high densities across aeolian sand habitats of southwestern deserts, including five distinct sand habitats in the eastern Coachella Valley, California. We examined trends in ground-dwelling arthropod community structure concurrent with mustard invasion in 90 plots within those habitats from 2003 to 2011 (n = 773 plot.years). We expected arthropod communities to respond negatively to mustard invasion because previous work documented significant negative impacts of mustard on diversity and biomass of native plants, the primary resource base for many of the arthropods. Arthropod abundance and species richness declined during the study period while mustard cover increased, and arthropod metrics were negatively related to mustard cover across all plots. When controlling for non-target environmental correlates (e.g. perennial frequency and precipitation) and for potential factors that we suspected of mediating mustard effects (e.g. native cover and sand compaction), negative relationships with mustard remained statistically supported. Nevertheless, arthropod richness's relationship decreased slightly in strength and significance suggesting that mechanistic pathways may be both direct (via habitat structure) and indirect (via native cover suppression and sand compaction). However, mechanistic pathways for mustard effects, particularly on arthropod abundance, remain unclear. Most arthropod taxa, including most detritivores, decreased through time and were negatively related to mustard cover. In contrast, many predators were positively related to mustard. In total, our study provides substantial evidence for a negative effect of Sahara mustard on the structure of a ground-dwelling arthropod community. C1 [VanTassel, Heather L. Hulton; Anderson, Kurt E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Hansen, Anne M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Stat, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Barrows, Cameron W.; Latif, Quresh] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Latif, Quresh] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Simon, Margaret W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP VanTassel, HLH (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM heather.hulton@gmail.com FU UC Riverside's Center for Conservation Biology; California Department of Fish and Game FX Funding support was provided from UC Riverside's Center for Conservation Biology and the California Department of Fish and Game through a grant to the Coachella Valley Association of Governments for conservation planning. Field data were collected with support from Thomas Prentice, Michelle Murphy-Mariscal, Michelle Felix, Kathleen Fleming, Felix Teillard, and Asia Baczyk. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2014 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1675 EP 1687 DI 10.1007/s10530-013-0616-7 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK5DU UT WOS:000338445500011 ER PT J AU Ortega, YK Greenwood, LF Callaway, RM Pearson, DE AF Ortega, Yvette K. Greenwood, Leigh F. Callaway, Ragan M. Pearson, Dean E. TI Different responses of congeneric consumers to an exotic food resource: who gets the novel resource prize? SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Behavioral plasticity; Biological control agent; Food subsidy; Foraging behavior; Urophora ID BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; DEER MOUSE-POPULATIONS; NATIVE PREDATORS; ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY; MOUNTAIN CHICKADEES; FOREST BIRDS; BRAIN SIZE; GALL FLY; IMPACTS AB Exotic species can provide abundant food resources for native consumers, but predicting which native species will respond positively remains a challenge. We studied the foraging behavior of black-capped (Poecile atricapillus) and mountain (P. gambeli) chickadees in western Montana to compare the degree to which these congeric and syntopic consumers exploited larvae of Urophora, an exotic biological control insect living within the seedheads of the invasive forb, spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe). Chickadees typically forage within tree or shrub cover, whereas knapweed and hence Urophora larvae thrive in open grassland away from cover. We found that black-capped chickadees were much more likely than mountain chickadees to forage for Urophora. Black-capped chickadees strategically minimized time spent in open habitats by flying out from cover to retrieve knapweed seedheads and immediately returning to cover to extract the larvae. Black-capped chickadees also employed an atypical hovering technique nearly twice as often as their congeners did, particularly when foraging away from cover. Via this hovering technique, birds were able to gather knapweed seedheads from erect plants rather than searching for seedheads on the ground. These shifts in foraging behavior allowed black-capped chickadees to exploit Urophora larvae to a much greater degree than their congeners while minimizing exposure to a high-risk habitat, an outcome with potentially important community-wide consequences. Behavioral flexibility has been used to predict the success of invading species. We suggest that behavioral flexibility may also be used to predict how native species will respond to invasions, particularly the availability of exotic food resources. C1 [Ortega, Yvette K.; Pearson, Dean E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Greenwood, Leigh F.; Pearson, Dean E.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Callaway, Ragan M.] Univ Montana, Inst Ecosyst, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Ortega, YK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM yortega@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We thank C. Templeton and M. Young for comments on drafts of the manuscript, and L.S. Bagget for statistical guidance. We are grateful to S. Fuller for her hard work in the field. Research was supported by Rocky Mountain Research Station. RMC thanks NSF EPSCoR Track-1 EPS-1101342 (INSTEP 3). NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2014 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1757 EP 1767 DI 10.1007/s10530-013-0625-6 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK5DU UT WOS:000338445500018 ER PT J AU Wu, ZL Yin, XB Lin, ZQ Banuelos, GS Yuan, LX Liu, Y Li, M AF Wu, Zhi-lin Yin, Xue-bin Lin, Zhi-qing Banuelos, Gary S. Yuan, Lin-xi Liu, Ying Li, Miao TI Inhibitory Effect of Selenium Against Penicillium expansum and Its Possible Mechanisms of Action SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLETOTRICHUM-TRIFOLII; CRYPTOCOCCUS-LAURENTII; BIOCONTROL ACTIVITY; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; TABLE GRAPES; STRESS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; ENHANCEMENT; GENERATION; EFFICIENCY AB Some organic and inorganic salts could inhibit the growth of many pathogens. Selenium (Se), as an essential micronutrient, was effective in improving the plant resistance and antioxidant capacity at a low concentration. Penicillium expansum is one of the most important postharvest fungal pathogens, which can cause blue mold rot in various fruits and vegetables. In this study, the inhibitory effect of Se against P. expansum was evaluated. The result showed that Se strongly inhibited spore germination, germ tube elongation, and mycelial spread of P. expansum in the culture medium. The inhibitory effect was positively related to the concentration of Se used. Fluorescence microscopy observation of P. expansum conidia stained with propidium iodide (PI) indicated that the membrane integrity decreased to 37 % after the conidia were treated with Se (20 mg/l) for 9 h. With the use of an oxidant-sensitive probe 2,7-dichlorofluorescin (DCHF-DA), we found that Se at 15 mg/l could induce the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O-2 (-)) production rate in P. expansum spores exposed to Se increased markedly. Compared with the control, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of glutathione (GSH) were reduced, confirming that damage of Se to cellular oxygen-eliminating system is the main reason. These results suggest that Se might serve as a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of the postharvest disease of fruit and vegetables caused by P. expansum. C1 [Wu, Zhi-lin; Li, Miao] Anhui Agr Univ, Sch Plant Protect, Key Lab Agri Food Safety Anhui Prov, Hefei 230036, Peoples R China. [Wu, Zhi-lin; Yin, Xue-bin; Yuan, Lin-xi; Liu, Ying] Univ Sci & Technol China, Suzhou Inst Adv Study, Adv Lab Selenium & Human Hlth, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China. [Lin, Zhi-qing] So Illinois Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Environm Sci Program, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Lin, Zhi-qing] So Illinois Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Banuelos, Gary S.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Li, M (reprint author), Anhui Agr Univ, Sch Plant Protect, Key Lab Agri Food Safety Anhui Prov, Hefei 230036, Peoples R China. EM 13732639644@163.com; louie@ustc.edu.cn; miaoli@ustc.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50949038]; Natural Science Foundation of Anhui province [1408085MC68]; Natural Science Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Youth of China [BK 2012195, BK 2012202]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20100470108] FX The authors wish to thank Drs. T. F Lai and X. Q Shi who comes from Key Laboratory of Plant Resources in North China, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences for his useful comments and suggestions on the language and structure of our manuscript. This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50949038), the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui province (1408085MC68), Natural Science Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Youth of China (BK 2012195, BK 2012202), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20100470108). NR 47 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 EI 1432-0991 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 69 IS 2 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1007/s00284-014-0573-0 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AK2ZA UT WOS:000338288100012 PM 24682262 ER PT J AU Yemshanov, D Koch, FH Lu, B Lyons, DB Prestemon, JP Scarr, T Koehler, K AF Yemshanov, Denys Koch, Frank H. Lu, Bo Lyons, D. Barry Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Scarr, Taylor Koehler, Klaus TI There is no silver bullet: The value of diversification in planning invasive species surveillance SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Emerald ash borer; Surveillance; Diversification; Equal risk sharing; Portfolio variance; Portfolio theory ID EMERALD ASH BORER; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PORTFOLIO THEORY; RISK; MANAGEMENT; TRADE; MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; INTRODUCTIONS; OPTIMIZATION AB In this study we demonstrate how the notion of diversification can be used in broad-scale resource allocation for surveillance of invasive species. We consider the problem of short-term surveillance for an invasive species in a geographical environment. We find the optimal allocation of surveillance resources among multiple geographical subdivisions via application of a classical portfolio framework, which allocates investments among multiple financial asset types with uncertain returns in a portfolio that maximizes the performance and, by meeting the desired diversification targets, protects against errors in estimating the portfolio's performance. We illustrate the approach with a case study that applies a spatial transmission model to assess the risk of spread of the emerald ash borer (EAB), a significant pest in North America, with infested firewood that may be carried by visitors to campground facilities in central Canada. Adding the diversification objective yields an expected survey performance that is comparable with undiversified optimal allocation, but more importantly, makes the geographical distribution of survey priorities less subject to possible errors in the spread rate estimates. Overall, diversification of pest surveillance can be viewed as a viable short-term strategy for hedging against uncertainty in expert- and model-based assessments of pest invasion risk. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yemshanov, Denys; Lu, Bo; Lyons, D. Barry] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Koch, Frank H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Scarr, Taylor] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. [Koehler, Klaus] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y9, Canada. RP Yemshanov, D (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, 1219 Queen St East, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM dyemshan@nrcan.gc.ca; fhkoch@fs.fed.us; Bo.Lu@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca; blyons@nrcan.gc.ca; jprestemon@fs.fed.us; taylor.scarr@ontario.ca; koehlerk@inspection.gc.ca OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 FU interdepartmental NRCan-CFIA Forest Invasive Alien Species initiative FX The authors extend their gratitude and thanks to Mireille Marcotte, Troy Kimoto and Martin Damus (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), Fiona Ross (Manitoba Conservation and Water Stewardship), Susan Burks, Ed Quinn and Nick Entinger (Minnesota Departments of Natural Resources), Andrea Diss-Torrance, David Benish and Daniel J. Schuller (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources), Rober Heyd (Michigan Departments of Natural Resources), Judy Pasek (ret.) and Dave Kowalski (USDA-APHIS-PPQ) for help with acquiring the campground reservation and EAB trap datasets and Kirsty Wilson for help with preparing the campground reservation data for modeling. The participation of Denys Yemshanov was supported by an interdepartmental NRCan-CFIA Forest Invasive Alien Species initiative. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.04.024 PG 12 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA AK4SI UT WOS:000338414000006 ER PT J AU Zepeda, L Reznickova, A Lohr, L AF Zepeda, Lydia Reznickova, Anna Lohr, Luanne TI Overcoming challenges to effectiveness of mobile markets in US food deserts SO APPETITE LA English DT Article DE Food access; Fruits and vegetables; Low-income households; Public health ID OBESITY; ENVIRONMENT; POLICY; DIET; CONSUMER; ACCESS AB The purpose of this research is to investigate whether mobile food markets may be effective in facilitating healthy food choices in food deserts. We investigate who does and does not use mobile food markets and why, and whether mobile markets have the potential to alter attitudes and food choices, and if so, how? We use a focus group study at four sites in the US to ask groups of mobile market shoppers and non-shoppers about their shopping, cooking, and eating attitudes and behaviors. We find that mobile market shoppers eat significantly more servings of fruits and vegetables, however, both shoppers and non-shoppers perceive fruits and vegetables as luxury items, and both groups lack knowledge about what is a serving and what is the recommended number of servings per day. Both groups identified the following needs for mobile markets to be more successful increased awareness and advertising; affordability; improved convenience by offering more stops and hours, as well as greater variety of items for one-stop shopping; emphasis on value and service; and building trust within communities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zepeda, Lydia] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Consumer Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Reznickova, Anna] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lohr, Luanne] Agr Mkt Serv, USDA, Transportat & Mkt Program, Washington, DC 20025 USA. RP Zepeda, L (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Consumer Sci, 1300 Linden Dr,Room 4104 2, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lzepeda@wisc.edu NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6663 EI 1095-8304 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 79 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.appet.2014.03.026 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AJ7MD UT WOS:000337879900008 PM 24727100 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Harwood, JD AF Welch, Kelton D. Harwood, James D. TI Temporal dynamics of natural enemy-pest interactions in a changing environment SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Population dynamics; Diel activity cycle; Predator-prey dynamics; Ecological disturbance; Climate change; Early-season predation ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT; GENERALIST ARTHROPOD PREDATORS; DIEL ACTIVITY PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SOYBEAN APHID; ALTERNATIVE PREY; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS AB Agroecosystems contain complex networks of interacting organisms and these interaction webs are structured by the relative timing of key biological and ecological events. Recent intensification of land management and global changes in climate threaten to desynchronize the temporal structure of interaction webs and disrupt the provisioning of ecosystem services, such as biological control by natural enemies. It is therefore critical to recognize the central role of temporal dynamics in driving predator-prey interactions in agroecosystems. Specifically, ecological dynamics in crop fields routinely behave as periodic oscillations, or cycles. Familiar examples include phenological cycles, diel activity rhythms, and crop-management cycles. The relative timing and the degree of overlap among ecological cycles determine the nature and magnitude of the ecological interactions among organisms, and ultimately determine whether ecosystem services, such as biological control, can be provided. Additionally, the ecological dynamics in many cropping systems are characterized by a pattern of frequent disturbances due to management actions such as harvest, sowing and pesticide applications. These disturbance cycles cause agroecosystems to be dominated by dispersal and repopulation dynamics. However, they also serve as selective filters that regulate which animals can persist in agroecosystems over larger temporal scales. Here, we review key concepts and examples from the literature on temporal dynamics in ecological systems, and provide a framework to guide biological control strategies for sustainable pest management in a changing world. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Welch, Kelton D.] USDA, North Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Harwood, James D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Welch, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, North Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM keltondouglaswelch@gmail.com FU Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation - Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation [KSEF-148-502-10-261]; University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station State Projects [KY008043, KY008055]; University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station [13-08-086] FX This work was supported, in part, by the Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation via Grant Agreement #KSEF-148-502-10-261 with the Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation, and the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station State Projects KY008043 and KY008055. This is publication number 13-08-086 of the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and is published with the approval of the Director. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute endorsement by the USDA. NR 117 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 123 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2014 VL 75 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.01.004 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA AJ8ZI UT WOS:000337996200003 ER PT J AU Anco, DJ Poole, GH Gottwald, TR AF Anco, D. J. Poole, G. H. Gottwald, T. R. TI Effects of postharvest treatments on recovery of Xanthomonas citri subsp citri in infected grapefruit leaves SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Citrus canker; Disinfectant; Disinfest; Hot water; Inoculum production potential; Integrated pest management ID AXONOPODIS PV. CITRI; HOT-WATER IMMERSION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GREEN MOLD; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; CANKER; DECAY; CAMPESTRIS; VOLATILES AB Studies were conducted to evaluate treatments that reduce recovery of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) in infected grapefruit leaves. To investigate effects of temperature (0, 10, 40, and 50 degrees C), disinfectant (none or Pro-San), and treatment duration (0, 2, 10, and 20 min) on survival of Xcc in vitro, a split split plot experimental design was utilized. Recovery of Xcc in vitro in the absence of Pro-San decreased with increasing treatment duration at 50 degrees C but not at temperatures <50 degrees C. Xcc in vitro was not detected after any treatment combination involving Pro-San. Decontamination of grapefruit leaves infected with Xcc in relation to disinfectant (none or Pro-San), temperature (0, 10, 40, 45, and 50 degrees C), treatment duration (0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 min), and assessment time (0, 2, 7, and 14 days post treatment [dpt]) was examined using a split-split-split plot design. Reductions in Xcc recovery generally increased with increasing treatment duration and temperature, and they were greater for treatments involving Pro-San. To examine the general trend of increased Xcc recovery with increasing dpt, nonlinear mixed regression analysis was used to fit a monomolecular model to relative Xcc recovery data. Results indicated that increases in relative Xcc recovery after 14 dpt were insignificant and unsubstantial. Treatment at 45 degrees C for 20 min or 50 degrees C for >= 5 min resulted in leaf tissue damage in some instances; in two cases, tissue damage was observed on untreated leaves 14 dpt. Experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships of tissue damage with leaf age and location of tissue damage in relation to point of inoculation. Tissue damage was observed on only the youngest, most supple leaves, and its localization did not appear to be related to naturally occurring citrus canker lesions or artificial inoculation sites. Results from these studies may be useful in formulation of future regulatory policies regarding trade of citrus foliage, especially those used as condiments. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Anco, D. J.] N Carolina State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Anco, D. J.; Poole, G. H.; Gottwald, T. R.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Anco, DJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, 1730 Vars Dr,Suite 110, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM dan.anco@ars.usda.gov FU Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida; USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST [11-8130-0034-CA]; USDA ARS FX Salaries and research support were provided by the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST (Cooperative Agreement Award No.11-8130-0034-CA), and USDA ARS. We thank F. Albano, K. Berk, G. Brock, J. Hodge, J. Smith, L. Therrien, and D.R. Wood for their contributions. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 62 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2014.04.015 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AJ7LK UT WOS:000337878000016 ER PT J AU Funk, PA Holt, GA Whitelock, DP AF Funk, P. A. Holt, G. A. Whitelock, D. P. TI Novel cyclone empirical pressure drop and emissions with heterogeneous particulate SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cyclone separator; Emissions; Empirical testing; Energy consumption; Fine particulate; Response surface methodology ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; SERIES CYCLONES; 1D3D CYCLONES; PERFORMANCE; OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN; PARAMETERS; EFFICIENCY; SEPARATOR AB With low capital cost and no moving parts cyclones are ideal emissions control devices for particulate laden gases. Their operating cost is almost entirely the financial and environmental cost of the fan energy required to overcome their pressure drop. A novel cyclone design discovered through modeling was reported to have a lower pressure drop than the standard cyclone. Empirical tests were conducted with 30.5 cm diameter cyclones comparing this novel design to the current standard cyclone design at inlet air velocities from 8 to 18 m s(-1) using a heterogeneous test material at inlet concentrations from 3 to 75 g m(-3). Cyclone exhaust was passed through filters. Laser diffraction particle size distribution analysis of filter catch was used to estimate PM2.5 emissions. Response surface models were used to compare the emissions and cyclone pressure losses of the two designs. While emissions were essentially identical among the cyclone designs, pressure losses were 30% less for the novel cyclone when compared to a standard cyclone of equal diameter and volumetric flow rate. This represents a substantial potential savings in energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Funk, P. A.; Whitelock, D. P.] USDA ARS, Southwestern Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. [Holt, G. A.] USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Funk, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Southwestern Cotton Ginning Res Lab, 300 E Coll Dr,POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM paul.funk@ars.usda.gov; greg.holt@ars.usda.gov; derek.whitelock@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 EI 1879-1964 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 74 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.04.001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ7HZ UT WOS:000337869100003 ER PT J AU West, SE Harris, KB Haneklaus, AN Savell, JW Thompson, LD Brooks, JC Pool, JK Luna, AM Engle, TE Schutz, JS Woerner, DR Arcibeque, SL Belk, KE Douglass, L Leheska, JM McNeill, S Howe, JC Holden, JM Duvall, M Patterson, K AF West, S. E. Harris, K. B. Haneklaus, A. N. Savell, J. W. Thompson, L. D. Brooks, J. C. Pool, J. K. Luna, A. M. Engle, T. E. Schutz, J. S. Woerner, D. R. Arcibeque, S. L. Belk, K. E. Douglass, L. Leheska, J. M. McNeill, S. Howe, J. C. Holden, J. M. Duvall, M. Patterson, K. TI Nutrient Database Improvement Project: The influence of USDA Quality and Yield Grade on the separable components and proximate composition of raw and cooked retail cuts from the beef chuck SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Beef; Chuck; Nutrition; Proximate composition ID FAT THICKNESS; EXTERNAL FAT; COOKING; MUSCLES; STEAKS; TRIM; DONENESS; CARCASS; SEX AB This study was designed to provide updated information on the separable components, cooking yields, and proximate composition of retail cuts from the beef chuck. Additionally, the impact the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Quality and Yield Grade may have on such factors was investigated. Ultimately, these data will be used in the USDA - Nutrient Data Laboratory's (NDL) National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR). To represent the current United States beef supply, seventy-two carcasses were selected from six regions of the country based on USDA Yield Grade, USDA Quality Grade, gender, and genetic type. Whole beef chuck primals from selected carcasses were shipped to three university laboratories for subsequent retail cut fabrication, raw and cooked cut dissection, and proximate analyses. The incorporation of these data into the SR will improve dietary education, product labeling, and other applications both domestically and abroad, thus emphasizing the importance of accurate and relevant beef nutrient data. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [West, S. E.; Harris, K. B.; Haneklaus, A. N.; Savell, J. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Thompson, L. D.; Brooks, J. C.; Pool, J. K.; Luna, A. M.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Engle, T. E.; Schutz, J. S.; Woerner, D. R.; Arcibeque, S. L.; Belk, K. E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Douglass, L.; Leheska, J. M.; McNeill, S.] Natl Cattlemens Beef Assoc, Centennial, CO 80112 USA. [Howe, J. C.; Holden, J. M.; Duvall, M.; Patterson, K.] USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harris, KB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM kharris@tamu.edu RI Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008 OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 EI 1873-4138 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 97 IS 4 BP 558 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.01.018 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AJ7ME UT WOS:000337880000023 PM 24769877 ER PT J AU Shelton, DR Pachepsky, YA Kiefer, LA Blaustein, RA McCarty, GW Dao, TH AF Shelton, D. R. Pachepsky, Y. A. Kiefer, L. A. Blaustein, R. A. McCarty, G. W. Dao, T. H. TI Response of coliform populations in streambed sediment and water column to changes in nutrient concentrations in water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE E. coli (all potentially pathogenic types); Environmental/recreational water; Sediment; Water quality ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLOOD EVENTS; FRESH-WATER; SURVIVAL; QUALITY; CONTAMINATION; PERSISTENCE; IMPACTS; TEMPERATURE AB As sediments increasingly become recognized as reservoirs of indicator and pathogen microorganisms, an understanding of the persistence of indicator organisms becomes important for assessment and predictions of microbial water quality. The objective of this work was to observe the response of water column and sediment coliform populations to the change in nutrient concentrations in the water column. Survival experiments were conducted in flow-through chambers containing sandy sediments. Bovine feces were collected fresh and introduced into sediment. Sixteen days later, the same fecal material was autoclaved and diluted to provide three levels - 1x, 0.5x, and 0.1x of nutrient concentrations - spike in water column. Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and total aerobic heterotrophic bacterial concentrations were monitored in water and sediment. Bacteria responded to the nutrient spike with initial growth both in the water column and in sediment. The response of bacterial concentrations in water column was nonlinear, with no significant changes at 0.1 and .5x spikes, but a substantial change at 1x spike. Bacteria in sediment responded to the spikes at all added nutrient levels. Coliform inactivation rates both in sediment and in water after the initial growth occurred, were not significantly different from the inactivation rates before spike. These results indicate that introduction of nutrients into the water column results in nonlinear response of E. coli concentrations both in water and in sediments, followed by the inactivation with the same rate as before introduction of nutrients. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shelton, D. R.; Pachepsky, Y. A.; Blaustein, R. A.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kiefer, L. A.] BlueWave Microb LLC, Columbia, MD USA. [McCarty, G. W.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dao, T. H.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, 173 BARC EAST,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 59 BP 316 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.019 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AJ7FA UT WOS:000337861400030 PM 24839925 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, TA Carruthers, RI AF Bytnerowicz, Thomas A. Carruthers, Raymond I. TI Temperature-dependent models of Zannichellia palustris seed germination for application in aquatic systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Zannichellia palustris; Germination; Logan model; Thermal; TVDD; Hermes ID S-AND-H; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; GRAIN LEGUMES; DISTRIBUTED DELAYS; FALL RIVER; TIME; ECOLOGY; RATES; GRASSHOPPER; COLEOPTERA AB The temperature-dependent germination rates of Zannichellia palustris, a native submersed aquatic plant from the spring-fed Fall River in Northern California, were examined with linear models and with the non-linear Logan Type III biophysical model. The Logan Type III model, which previously had not been applied to predicting seed germination, provided superior fit for estimating germination rates across eight constant temperatures (5-40 degrees C) and across a range of subpopulations representing the entire examined seed population. The Logan model was particularly successful at estimating seed germination rates at sub-optimal temperatures (5-25 degrees C) that occur under field conditions and at temperatures near the base and maximum germination temperatures. Based on the Logan Type III model, a computer simulation was developed using Time Varying Distributed Delays as implemented in the USDA-ARS Hermes (Hierarchical Environment for Research Modeling of Ecological Systems) simulation modeling system, tested across fluctuating temperatures in the laboratory, and applied to predict seed germination of Z. palustris under actual field conditions over an entire year in differing sections of the Fall River. The Logan Type III biophysical model and the Hermes simulation system are shown to be useful for predicting germination under fluctuating temperature conditions in the field and in seed populations that do not exhibit a linear germination response. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bytnerowicz, Thomas A.; Carruthers, Raymond I.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bytnerowicz, Thomas A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bytnerowicz, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tb2583@columbia.edu FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5325-22000-024D]; Bureau of Land Management [14110008] FX Funding was provided by USDA-ARS CRIS 5325-22000-024D and the Bureau of Land Management Agreement 14110008. We appreciate the comments of Andrzej Bytnerowicz, Stuart Hardegree, Artur Klamczynski, and John Madsen who provided input on an earlier version of this manuscript. The technical assistance of Ben Bradford, Billie Griffith, Erin Donley Marineau, and Kristen Peach is gratefully acknowledged. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 EI 1873-7307 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 104 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.03.006 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AJ4MM UT WOS:000337650500006 ER PT J AU Herald, TJ Gadgil, P Perumal, R Bean, SR Wilson, JD AF Herald, Thomas J. Gadgil, Priyadarshini Perumal, Ramasamy Bean, Scott R. Wilson, Jeff D. TI High-throughput micro-plate HCl-vanillin assay for screening tannin content in sorghum grain SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE tannin; sorghum; 96-well plate; vanillin ID BRANS AB BACKGROUND: The HCl-vanillin assay is a well-accepted method for determining tannin content in sorghum but is limited to small sample sets due to the time-consuming nature of the method. The objective was to develop an accurate and repeatable high-throughput 96-well plate assay for breeders to screen large sample sets of sorghum for tannin content. Validation of the high-throughput assay was tested on 25 sorghums suspected to contain tannin. RESULTS: Approximately 30 measurements per day were completed using the conventional assay compared to 224 measurements using the 96-well platform. The correlation between the two tannin assays was 0.98. The coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.54% and 3.21% for the 96-well and conventional method, respectively. The 96-well assay exhibited good repeatability, with the inter-plate CV between 2.77% and 4.85%. CONCLUSION: The high-throughput 96-well HCl-vanillin assay exhibited an eightfold increase in the number of measurements completed and was as accurate as the conventional HCl-vanillin assay. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Herald, Thomas J.; Gadgil, Priyadarshini; Bean, Scott R.; Wilson, Jeff D.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Perumal, Ramasamy] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Herald, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM tom.herald@ars.usda.gov OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 94 IS 10 BP 2133 EP 2136 DI 10.1002/jsfa.6538 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AJ4AU UT WOS:000337612400034 PM 24343522 ER PT J AU Reeves, MC Baggett, LS AF Reeves, Matthew C. Baggett, L. Scott TI A remote sensing protocol for identifying rangelands with degraded productive capacity SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Rangelands; Degradation; Reference conditions; MODIS; NDVI ID LAND DEGRADATION; CATTLE DISTRIBUTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION; INDICATORS; STRATEGIES; GRASSLAND; COMMUNITY AB Rangeland degradation is a growing problem throughout the world. An assessment process for comparing the trend and state of vegetation productivity to objectively derived reference conditions was developed. Vegetation productivity was estimated from 2000 to 2012 using annual maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the MODE satellite platform. Each pixel was compared with reference conditions derived from surrounding pixels on similar sites with nearly identical potential species assemblages, vegetation structure and productivity. Trends in degradation were determined by comparison between the slopes of the linear trends in mean annual maximum NDVI at each pixel and reference conditions with a one-sample t-test. In contrast, the state or "status" of degradation at each pixel was evaluated by comparing the mean annual response of NDVI between 2000 and 2012 to that of reference conditions over the same time period using a one-sample t-test. These procedures to evaluate trends and status of rangelands were applied across northern and southern Great Plains of the United States. Trends in degradation were almost undetectable across the entire study area. In contrast the degradation status assessment revealed that 16% (7,330,625 ha) of the vegetation on the northern Great Plains and 9% (3,295,106 ha) of the southern Great Plains were significantly different (p <= 0.01) from reference conditions. The amount of annual net primary reduction lost resulting from these degraded lands relative to reference conditions was estimated at 2.02 Tg Cyr(-1), less than 1% of the total annual net primary production in the study area of 212 Tg Cyr(-1). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Reeves, Matthew C.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Human Dimens Program, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Baggett, L. Scott] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Reeves, MC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Human Dimens Program, POB 669,200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM mreeves@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service RPA Assessment Program FX We thank the U.S. Forest Service RPA Assessment Program for funding this work. We thank Robb Lankston of Collins Consulting for coding the statistical functions in a spatially explicit algorithm. Finally, we thank Sonja Reeves and Karen Bagne for proofreading the document. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 43 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.02.009 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI6AN UT WOS:000336952300017 ER PT J AU Stout, JE AF Stout, John E. TI Detecting patterns of aeolian transport direction SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Aeolian; Blowing sand; Saltation; Threshold; Transport direction ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; SALTATION ACTIVITY; CLAY DUNES; NEW-MEXICO; TEXAS; SAND; WIND; SURFACES; LUNETTES; ORIGIN AB The direction of sediment transport is of direct interest to those engaged in the study of aeolian processes. Here, a technique was employed that provides information regarding aeolian transport direction using measurements of wind direction and aeolian activity. This technique involves detecting one-second periods of blowing sediment, called saltation seconds, with a piezoelectric saltation sensor and assigning active periods to one of sixteen principal wind direction sectors. Saltation seconds are then summed for each wind direction sector to compute the relative fraction associated with a specific wind direction. Measurements of aeolian activity collected over a fifteen-year period at a large saline playa on the Llano Estacado of North America were used to compute the relative frequency that sediments are transported by winds blowing from a specific direction. Results of this study suggest that winds with a westerly component contribute significantly to the transport of playa sediments at this site and this result is consistent with the location of massive fringing dunes along the eastern margins of the playa. Results also reveal a significant contribution of strong northerly winds associated with dry continental polar cold fronts that often pass through the area, especially during the winter, late fall, and early spring. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Stout, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM john.stout@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 107 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.04.001 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI5AQ UT WOS:000336878200003 ER PT J AU Komorowska, B Fiore, N Zamorano, A Li, RH AF Komorowska, Beata Fiore, Nicola Zamorano, Alan Li, Ruhui TI Simultaneous detection of Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus and Cherry green ring mottle virus using real-time PCR and high resolution melting analysis SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE CNRMV; CGRMV; HRM; Detection; Differentiation ID CURVE ANALYSIS; RT-PCR; PRUNUS; GENE; VARIANTS; CLONING AB In this study, the real-time PCR assays were combined with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis for the simultaneous detection of Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) and Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) infection in sweet cherry trees. Detection of CNRMV and CGRMV was performed in a realtime PCR using a primer set for both of them or duplex realtime PCR that included one specific primer set for each virus. These two strategies allowed us to confirmed virus infection in all tested samples. In 17 field samples the technique revealed samples positive for CNRMV or CGRMV as well as positive for both viruses. In addition, the HRM analysis made it possible to differentiate clearly between CNRMV and CGRMV. Sequence variations among CNRMV and CGRMV isolates observed from the HRM peaks were confirmed by sequencing. To test the capability to use this method in field, forty one sweet cherry samples were examined by HRM analysis. The HRM data showed that seven samples were positive for CNRMV and three were infected with CGRMV. The results presented in this study indicated that realtime PCR followed by HRM analysis provides sensitive, automated and rapid tool to detect and differentiate between CNRMV and CGRMV isolates. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Komorowska, Beata] Inst Hort Res, Dept Plant Protect, PL-96100 Skierniewice, Poland. [Fiore, Nicola; Zamorano, Alan] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Agron, Santiago, Chile. [Li, Ruhui] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Komorowska, B (reprint author), Inst Hort Res, Dept Plant Protect, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1-3, PL-96100 Skierniewice, Poland. EM Beata.Komorowska@inhort.pl RI Fiore, Nicola/H-5580-2013; Zamorano, Alan/J-3031-2013 FU National Science Center Poland, Poland [N N310 116738] FX This work was financially supported by project N N310 116738 from the National Science Center Poland, Poland. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2014.03.002 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA AI5ZC UT WOS:000336948500014 PM 24675146 ER PT J AU Bailey, SW Brousseau, PA McGuire, KJ Ross, DS AF Bailey, Scott W. Brousseau, Patricia A. McGuire, Kevin J. Ross, Donald S. TI Influence of landscape position and transient water table on soil development and carbon distribution in a steep, headwater catchment SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Catchment; Groundwater; Hydropedology; Podzolization; Soil carbon ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LATERAL PODZOLIZATION; CRITICAL LOADS; MASS-BALANCE; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; MATTER; CONNECTIVITY AB Upland headwater catchments, such as those in the Appalachian Mountain region, are typified by coarse textured soils, flashy hydrologic response, and low baseflow of streams, suggesting well drained soils and minimal groundwater storage. Model formulations of soil genesis, nutrient cycling, critical loads and rainfall/runoff response are typically based on vertical percolation, development of soil horizons parallel to the land surface, mineral weathering inputs limited to the rooting zone and drainage from lumped catchment reservoirs (e.g., the subsoil) as the dominant source of stream flow. However, detailed study of the hydrologic reference catchment at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA shows striking spatial patterns of soil development that reflect the influence of transient water tables within the solum in nearly all landscape positions. Shallow bedrock and variably low hydraulic conductivity in the subsoil promote lateral flow and development of soil horizons along hillslope flowpaths rather than in vertical profiles. We distinguished several morphologic units based on the presence of diagnostic horizons indicative of differing patterns of podzolization and carbon storage. The distribution of soils appears to be highly dependent on local drainability and frequency and duration of transient saturation within the solum. As such, monitoring of hydropedologic groups and transient water table fluctuations may prove to be a sentinel for the effects of climate change on spatial distribution of soils and retention/release of solutes from upland catchments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Nortth Woodstock, NH 03264 USA. [Brousseau, Patricia A.; Ross, Donald S.] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [McGuire, Kevin J.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA USA. [McGuire, Kevin J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Bailey, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 234 Mirror Lake Rd, Nortth Woodstock, NH 03264 USA. EM swbailey@fs.fed.us; patricia.brousseau@gmail.com; kevin.mcguire@vt.edu; dross@uvm.edu RI Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU NSF, REU program [DBI/EAR 0754678]; NSF, Hydrologic Sciences [EAR 1014507] FX We thank Jane Hislop and Jeff Merriam for soil analyses. Rebecca Bourgault, Ivan Fernandez and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. Patricia Brousseau was supported by the NSF, REU program (DBI/EAR 0754678). Additional funding was provided by NSF, Hydrologic Sciences (EAR 1014507). Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. NR 54 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD AUG PY 2014 VL 226 BP 279 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.02.017 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AH9MW UT WOS:000336467500029 ER PT J AU Wang, W Heitschmidt, GW Ni, XZ Windham, WR Hawkins, S Chu, X AF Wang, Wei Heitschmidt, Gerald W. Ni, Xinzhi Windham, William R. Hawkins, Samantha Chu, Xuan TI Identification of aflatoxin B-1 on maize kernel surfaces using hyperspectral imaging SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Maize kernel; Aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)); Shortwave infrared (SWIR); Hyperspectral imaging; Factorial discriminant analysis (FDA); Key wavelengths ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; FUSARIUM-DAMAGED WHEAT; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; TRANSMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; RAPID DETECTION; REFLECTANCE; CORN; VERTICILLIOIDES; CLASSIFICATION AB A shortwave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging system with wavelength range between 1000 and 2500 nm was used to assess the potential to detect aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) contaminants on the surface of healthy maize kernels. Four different AFB(1) solutions were prepared and deposited on kernels surface to achieve 10, 20, 100, and 500 ppb, respectively. A drop of 20% methanol was dipped on the surface of 30 healthy kernels in the same way to generate the control samples. Based on the standard normal variate (SNV) transformation spectra, principal components analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the dimensionality of the spectral data, and then stepwise factorial discriminant analysis (FDA) was performed on latent variables provided by the PCA's. Furthermore, beta coefficients of the first three of four discriminant factors were analyzed and key wavelengths, which can represent AFB(1) and be used to differentiate different level of AFB(1) were indentified. Furthermore, 150 independent samples were used as verification set to test the reproducibility of the proposed method. A minimum classification accuracy of 88% was achieved for the validation set and verification set. Results indicated that hyperspectral imaging technology, accompanied by the PCA-FDA method, can be used to detect AFBi at concentrations as low as 10 ppb when applied directly on the maize surface. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Wei; Chu, Xuan] China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Heitschmidt, Gerald W.; Windham, William R.; Hawkins, Samantha] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ni, Xinzhi] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Wang, W (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, 17 Tsinghua East Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM playerwxw@cau.edu.cn FU China National Science and Technology Support Program [2012BAK08B04] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Kurt C. Lawrence, Research Leader of Quality and Safety Assessment Research Unit, USDA, ARS, and Dr. Charles W Bacon, Research Leader of the Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA, ARS for their guidance with the experimental design and providing maize kernels. Ms. Peggy Feldner, Food Technologist, and Mr. Vernon Savage, Engineering Technician with the Quality & Safety Assessment Research Unit, USDA, ARS for their assistance with sample preparation and fabricating the sample holders. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Jia-Sheng Wang, Professor, Department of Environmental Health Science College of Public Health, University of Georgia for his guidance on how to handle toxins. Dr. Ronald Holser and Dr. Ronald Riley, Research Chemists, Dr. Hong Zhuang, Research Food Technologist, Bosoon Park, Agricultural Engineer, Seung-Chul Yoon, Electronic Engineer, of Russell Research Center, USDA, ARS are also thanked for their enthusiastic support and help. This work was supported financially by the China National Science and Technology Support Program (2012BAK08B04). NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 EI 1873-7129 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD AUG PY 2014 VL 42 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.01.038 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AG0LG UT WOS:000335106400013 ER PT J AU Corniani, N Velini, ED Silva, FML Nanayakkara, NPD Witschel, M Dayan, FE AF Corniani, Natalia Velini, Edivaldo D. Silva, Ferdinando M. L. Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika Witschel, Matthias Dayan, Franck E. TI Novel Bioassay for the Discovery of Inhibitors of the 2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 4-Phosphate (MEP) and Terpenoid Pathways Leading to Carotenoid Biosynthesis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID 1-DEOXY-D-XYLULOSE 5-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; MEVALONATE ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; HIGHER-PLANTS; PHYTOENE DESATURATION; NONMEVALONATE PATHWAY; STATISTICAL PARAMETER; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; INDEPENDENT PATHWAY; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS AB The 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway leads to the synthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate in plastids. It is a major branch point providing precursors for the synthesis of carotenoids, tocopherols, plastoquinone and the phytyl chain of chlorophylls, as well as the hormones abscisic acid and gibberellins. Consequently, disruption of this pathway is harmful to plants. We developed an in vivo bioassay that can measure the carbon flow through the carotenoid pathway. Leaf cuttings are incubated in the presence of a phytoene desaturase inhibitor to induce phytoene accumulation. Any compound reducing the level of phytoene accumulation is likely to interfere with either one of the steps in the MEP pathway or the synthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate. This concept was tested with known inhibitors of steps of the MEP pathway. The specificity of this in vivo bioassay was also verified by testing representative herbicides known to target processes outside of the MEP and carotenoid pathways. This assay enables the rapid screen of new inhibitors of enzymes preceding the synthesis of phytoene, though there are some limitations related to the non-specific effect of some inhibitors on this assay. C1 [Corniani, Natalia; Velini, Edivaldo D.; Silva, Ferdinando M. L.] Sao Paulo State Univ, Fac Agron Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Witschel, Matthias] BASF SE, GVA HC B009, Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Dayan, Franck E.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM franck.dayan@ars.usda.gov RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 FU Brazilian Agency CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) [BEX 0226/12-2] FX Grant# BEX 0226/12-2 from the Brazilian Agency CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) that supported the research of N. Corniani in a USDA laboratory. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 31 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e103704 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103704 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM6EF UT WOS:000339954800066 PM 25077957 ER PT J AU La Merrill, M Karey, E Moshier, E Lindtner, C La Frano, MR Newman, JW Buettner, C AF La Merrill, Michele Karey, Emma Moshier, Erin Lindtner, Claudia La Frano, Michael R. Newman, John W. Buettner, Christoph TI Perinatal Exposure of Mice to the Pesticide DDT Impairs Energy Expenditure and Metabolism in Adult Female Offspring SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BODY-MASS INDEX; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; LIPID-METABOLISM; BILE-ACIDS; ADAPTIVE THERMOGENESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MALARIA CONTROL; GLUCOSE; OBESITY AB Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been used extensively to control malaria, typhus, body lice and bubonic plague worldwide, until countries began restricting its use in the 1970s. Its use in malaria control continues in some countries according to recommendation by the World Health Organization. Individuals exposed to elevated levels of DDT and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) have an increased prevalence of diabetes and insulin resistance. Here we hypothesize that perinatal exposure to DDT disrupts metabolic programming leading to impaired metabolism in adult offspring. To test this, we administered DDT to C57BL/6J mice from gestational day 11.5 to postnatal day 5 and studied their metabolic phenotype at several ages up to nine months. Perinatal DDT exposure reduced core body temperature, impaired cold tolerance, decreased energy expenditure, and produced a transient early-life increase in body fat in female offspring. When challenged with a high fat diet for 12 weeks in adulthood, female offspring perinatally exposed to DDT developed glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and altered bile acid metabolism. Perinatal DDT exposure combined with high fat feeding in adulthood further impaired thermogenesis as evidenced by reductions in core temperature and in the expression of numerous RNA that promote thermogenesis and substrate utilization in the brown adipose tissue of adult female mice. These observations suggest that perinatal DDT exposure impairs thermogenesis and the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids which may increase susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome in adult female offspring. C1 [La Merrill, Michele; Karey, Emma] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [La Merrill, Michele; Moshier, Erin] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. [La Merrill, Michele; Lindtner, Claudia; Buettner, Christoph] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Metab Inst, New York, NY USA. [Lindtner, Claudia; Buettner, Christoph] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Bone Dis, New York, NY USA. [La Frano, Michael R.; Newman, John W.] Univ Calif Davis, West Coast Metabol Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [La Frano, Michael R.; Newman, John W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Newman, John W.] ARS, Obes & Metab Res Unit, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP La Merrill, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mlamerrill@ucdavis.edu OI La Frano, Michael/0000-0002-2269-1688 FU National Institute of Health [R00 ES019919, R03 DK082724, U24 DK092993, U24 DK097154, T32 ES007059, P60 DK020541]; American Diabetes Association; United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service Intramural Project [5306-51530-019-00D] FX This research was supported through funding by the National Institute of Health (R00 ES019919, R03 DK082724, U24 DK092993, U24 DK097154, T32 ES007059, and P60 DK020541), the American Diabetes Association, and United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service Intramural Project 5306-51530-019-00D. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e103337 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103337 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM7EZ UT WOS:000340028800037 PM 25076055 ER PT J AU Molyneux, RJ Panter, KE Zhao, ML AF Molyneux, Russell J. Panter, Kip E. Zhao, Mengli TI Global Perspectives on Poisonous Plants: The 9th International Symposium on Poisonous Plants SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SWAINSONINE; ALKALOIDS; IDENTIFICATION; CYCLOPAMINE; ASTRAGALUS; TERATOGEN AB The 9th International Symposium on Poisonous Plants (ISOPP9) was held July 15-21, 2013, at the Inner Mongolia Agricultural University in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. The symposium consisted of three days of oral and poster presentations, followed by a tour of the Xilinhot Region of the Mongolian Grasslands, encompassing grazing conditions consisting of desert, grassland, and steppes. This was the first time that an ISOPP meeting has been held in Asia and provided an opportunity for visitors from outside China to become aware of livestock poisonings caused by plant species with which they were previously not familiar while at the same time demonstrating that many of the problems experienced around the world have a common etiology. Presentations focused on botany, veterinary science, toxicology, mechanism of action, and chemistry. As is appropriate for the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, this cluster of papers consists of selected oral and poster presentations in which the chemistry of the toxins played a significant role. The symposium revealed that there is considerable scope for isolation, structural elucidation, and analysis of the toxins from the numerous poisonous plant species that have been identified in China. It became apparent that there are abundant opportunities for chemists both within China and abroad to collaborate with Chinese scientists working on biological aspects of livestock poisonings. C1 [Molyneux, Russell J.] Univ Hawaii, Daniel K Inouye Coll Pharm, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Panter, Kip E.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Zhao, Mengli] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Daniel K Inouye Coll Pharm, 34 Rainbow Dr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM molyneux@hawaii.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7323 EP 7325 DI 10.1021/jf500540x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300001 PM 24661202 ER PT J AU Cook, D Gardner, DR Pfister, JA AF Cook, Daniel Gardner, Dale R. Pfister, James A. TI Swainsonine-Containing Plants and Their Relationship to Endophytic Fungi SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE swainsonine; endophyte; locoweed; Ipomoea ID ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE INHIBITOR; LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASE; ALKALOID SWAINSONINE; UNDIFILUM-OXYTROPIS; RHIZOCTONIA-LEGUMINICOLA; INDOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; EMBELLISIA-OXYTROPIS; NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL; IPOMOEA-CARNEA AB Swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid with significant physiological activity, is an alpha-mannosidase and mannosidase H inhibitor that alters glycoprotein processing and causes lysosomal storage disease. Swainsonine is present in a number of plant species worldwide and causes severe toxicosis in livestock grazing these plants. Consumption of these plants by grazing animals leads to a chronic wasting disease characterized by weight loss, depression, altered behavior, decreased libido, infertility, and death. This review focuses on the three plant families and the associated taxa that contain swainsonine; the fungi that produce swainsonine, specifically the fungal endophytes associated with swainsonine-containing taxa; studies investigating the plant, endophyte, and swainsonine relationship; the influence of environmental factors on swainsonine concentrations in planta; and areas of future research. C1 [Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.; Pfister, James A.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Cook, D (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM daniel.cook@ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7326 EP 7334 DI 10.1021/jf501674r PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300002 PM 24758700 ER PT J AU Irwin, RE Cook, D Richardson, LL Manson, JS Gardner, DR AF Irwin, Rebecca E. Cook, Daniel Richardson, Leif L. Manson, Jessamyn S. Gardner, Dale R. TI Secondary Compounds in Floral Rewards of Toxic Rangeland Plants: Impacts on Pollinators SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE alkaloid; nectar; pollen; pollinator; secondary metabolite ID BEE APIS-MELLIFERA; LC-MS ANALYSIS; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; HONEY-BEES; DEATH CAMAS; ITHOMIINE BUTTERFLIES; NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; DETOXIFICATION ENZYMES; NECTAR-NICOTINE; SPIDER PREDATOR AB The study of plant secondary chemistry has been essential in understanding plant consumption by herbivores. There is growing evidence that secondary compounds also occur in floral rewards, including nectar and pollen. Many pollinators are generalist nectar and pollen foragers and thus are exposed to an array of secondary compounds in their diet. This review documents secondary compounds in the nectar or pollen of poisonous rangeland plants of the western United States and the effects of these compounds on the behavior, performance, and survival of pollinators. Furthermore, the biochemical, physiological, and behavioral mechanisms by which pollinators cope with secondary compound consumption are discussed, drawing parallels between pollinators and herbivores. Finally, three avenues of future research on floral reward chemistry are proposed. Given that the majority of flowering plants require animals for pollination, understanding how floral reward chemistry affects pollinators has implications for plant reproduction in agricultural and rangeland habitats. C1 [Irwin, Rebecca E.; Richardson, Leif L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Manson, Jessamyn S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Irwin, RE (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Rebecca.Irwin@Dartmouth.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1256817] FX L.L.R was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation during the writing of this review (DEB-1256817). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 121 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 18 U2 113 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7335 EP 7344 DI 10.1021/jf500521w PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300003 PM 24766254 ER PT J AU Lee, ST Cook, D Pfister, JA Allen, JG Colegate, SM Riet-Correa, F Taylor, CM AF Lee, Stephen T. Cook, Daniel Pfister, James A. Allen, Jeremy G. Colegate, Steven M. Riet-Correa, Franklin Taylor, Charlotte M. TI Monofluoroacetate-Containing Plants That Are Potentially Toxic to Livestock SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE monofluoroacetate; livestock; sudden death ID SODIUM FLUOROACETATE 1080; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MASCAGNIA SP MALPIGHIACEAE; PALICOUREA-MARCGRAVII; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AUSTRALIAN ANIMALS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS; SANTA-CATARINA; TASTE-AVERSION AB Many plants worldwide contain monofluoroacetate and cause sudden death in livestock. These plants are primarily found in the southern continents of Africa, Australia, and South America, where they negatively affect livestock production. This review highlights past and current research investigating (1) the plants reported to contain monofluoroacetate and cause sudden death; (2) the mode of action, clinical signs, and pathology associated with poisoning by monofluoroacetate-containing plants; (3) chemical methods for the analysis of monofluoroacetate in plants; (4) the coevolution of native flora and fauna in Western Australia with respect to monofluoroacetate-containing plants; and (5) methods to mitigate livestock losses caused by monofluoroacetate-containing plants C1 [Lee, Stephen T.; Cook, Daniel; Pfister, James A.; Colegate, Steven M.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Allen, Jeremy G.] Western Australia, Dept Agr & Food, S Perth, WA 6151, Australia. [Riet-Correa, Franklin] Univ Fed Campina Grande, CSTR, Hosp Vet, BR-58700310 Patos de Minas, Paraiba, Brazil. [Taylor, Charlotte M.] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM stephen.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 100 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7345 EP 7354 DI 10.1021/jf500563h PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300004 PM 24724702 ER PT J AU Lee, ST Welch, KD Panter, KE Gardner, DR Garrossian, M Chang, CWT AF Lee, Stephen T. Welch, Kevin D. Panter, Kip E. Gardner, Dale R. Garrossian, Massoud Chang, Cheng-Wei Tom TI Cyclopamine: From Cyclops Lambs to Cancer Treatment SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE cyclopamine; Veratrum californicum; teratogen; cancer; Hh signaling pathway ID VERATRUM-CALIFORNICUM DURAND; POISONOUS PLANT RESEARCH; EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH; SONIC-HEDGEHOG GENE; TERATOGENIC COMPOUNDS; MATERNAL INGESTION; INHIBITION; PATHWAY; GROWTH; MUTATIONS AB In the late 1960s, the steroidal alkaloid cydopamine was isolated from the plant Veratrum californicum and identified as the teratogen responsible for craniofacial birth defects including cyclops in the offspring of sheep grazing on mountain ranges in the western United States. Cyclopamine was found to inhibit the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in embryonic development. More recently, aberrant Rh signaling has been implicated in several types of cancer. Thus, inhibitors of the Rh signaling pathway, including cyclopamine derivatives, have been targeted as potential treatments for certain cancers and other diseases associated with the HI, signaling pathway. A brief history of cyclopamine and cyclopamine derivatives investigated for the treatment of cancer is presented. C1 [Lee, Stephen T.; Welch, Kevin D.; Panter, Kip E.; Gardner, Dale R.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Garrossian, Massoud] Logan Nat Prod Inc, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Chang, Cheng-Wei Tom] Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM stephen.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7355 EP 7362 DI 10.1021/jf5005622 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300005 PM 24754790 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Green, BT Panter, KE Gardner, DR Pfister, JA Cook, D AF Welch, Kevin D. Green, Benedict T. Panter, Kip E. Gardner, Dale R. Pfister, James A. Cook, Daniel TI If One Plant Toxin Is Harmful to Livestock, What about Two? SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE delphinium; larkspur; death camas; zigadenus; mixture toxicology; co-exposure; plant toxins; methyllycaconitine; zygacine ID LARKSPUR DELPHINIUM SPP.; ST-JOHNS-WORT; NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; DITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; DRUG-INTERACTIONS; ACUTE TOXICITY; CATTLE; METHYLLYCACONITINE; RUTAECARPINE; BARBEYI AB When livestock are poisoned by plants in a range setting, there is normally more than one poisonous plant in that area. Additionally, many plants contain more than one compound that is toxic to livestock. Frequently, much is known regarding the toxicity of the individual plants and their individual toxins; however, little is known regarding the effect of coexposure to multiple toxic plants or even the effect of multiple toxins from an individual plant. This review discusses some basic principles of mixture toxicology with a focus on recent research that examined the effect of co-administering multiple plant toxins from the same plant and the effect of co-administration of two different poisonous plants, each with different types of toxins. As combined intoxications are likely common, this information will be useful in further developing management recommendations for ranchers and in designing additional experiments to study the toxicity of multiple poisonous plants to livestock. C1 [Welch, Kevin D.; Green, Benedict T.; Panter, Kip E.; Gardner, Dale R.; Pfister, James A.; Cook, Daniel] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Welch, KD (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM Kevin.Welch@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This work was supported by direct congressional appropriations via the U.S. Department of Agriculture to the Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, which is part of the Agricultural Research Service. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7363 EP 7369 DI 10.1021/jf500086u PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300006 PM 24588555 ER PT J AU Collett, MG Stegelmeier, BL Tapper, BA AF Collett, Mark G. Stegelmeier, Bryan L. Tapper, Brian A. TI Could Nitrile Derivatives of Turnip (Brassica rapa) Glucosinolates Be Hepato- or Cholangiotoxic in Cattle? SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE turnip; Brassica rapa; glucosinolate; nitrile; epithionitrile; hepatotoxin; bile duct; bovine ID VOLUNTARY FOOD-INTAKE; MALE FISCHER-344 RATS; CRAMBE-ABYSSINICA; SEED MEAL; EPITHIOSPECIFIER PROTEIN; COMPARATIVE TOXICITIES; ALIPHATIC NITRILES; ORGANIC NITRILES; FORAGE BRASSICA; EPI-PROGOITRIN AB Turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa) and rape (Brassica napus ssp. biennis) and other brassica forage crops are regarded as "safe" feed for cattle during late summer and fall in the North Island of New Zealand when high Pithomyces chartarum spore counts in pastures frequently lead to sporidesmin toxicity (facial eczema). Sporadic acute severe cases of turnip photosensitization in dairy cows characteristically exhibit high gamma-glutamyl transferase and glutamate dehydrogenase serum enzyme activities that mimic those seen in facial eczema. The two diseases can, however, be distinguished by histopathology of the liver, where lesions, in particular those affecting small bile ducts, differ. To date, the hepato-/cholangiotoxic phytochemical causing liver damage in turnip photosensitization in cattle is unknown. Of the hydrolysis products of the various glucosinolate secondary compounds found in high concentrations in turnip and rape, work has shown that nitriles and epithionitriles can be hepatotoxic (and nephro- or pancreatotoxic) in rats. These derivatives include beta-hydroxy-thiiranepropanenitrile and 3-hydroxy-4-pentenenitrile from progoitrin; thiiranepropanenitrile and 4-pentenenitrile from gluconapin; thiiranebutanenitrile and 5-hexenenitrile from glucobrassicanapin; phenyl-3-propanenitrile from gluconasturtiin; and indole-3-acetonitrile from glucobrassicin. This perspective explores the possibility of the preferential formation of such derivatives, especially the epithionitriles, in acidic conditions in the bovine rumen, followed by absorption, hepatotoxicity, and secondary photosensitization. C1 [Collett, Mark G.] Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Stegelmeier, Bryan L.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Tapper, Brian A.] AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. RP Collett, MG (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. EM m.g.collett@massey.ac.nz NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7370 EP 7375 DI 10.1021/jf500526u PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300007 PM 24678843 ER PT J AU Colegate, SM Welsh, SL Gardner, DR Betz, JM Panter, KE AF Colegate, Steven M. Welsh, Stanley L. Gardner, Dale R. Betz, Joseph M. Panter, Kip E. TI Profiling of Dehydropyrrolizidine Alkaloids and their N-Oxides in Herbarium-Preserved Specimens of Amsinckia Species Using HPLC-esi(+)MS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Amsinckia; herbarium samples; dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids; HPLC-esiMS; MS/MS; lycopsamine; intermedine ID PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; MS AB Species of the Amsinckia genus (Boraginaceae) are known to produce potentially hepato-, pneumo-, and/or genotoxic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids. However, the taxonomic differentiation of Amsinckia species can be very subtle and there seems to be marked differences in toxicity toward grazing livestock. Methanol extracts of mass-limited leaf samples from herbarium specimens (collected from 1899 to 2013) of 10 Amsinckia species and one variety were analyzed using HPLC-esi(+)MS and MS/MS for the presence of potentially toxic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids and/or their N-oxides. Dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids were detected in all specimens examined ranging from about 1 to 4000 mu g/g of plant. Usually occurring mainly as their N-oxides, the predominant alkaloids were the epimeric lycopsamine and intermedine. Also sometimes observed in higher concentrations were the 3'- and 7-acetyl derivatives of lycopsamine/intermedine and their N-oxides. Within a designated species, an inconsistent profile was often observed that may be due to natural variation, taxonomic misassignment, or nonuniform degradation due to plant collection and storage differences. C1 [Colegate, Steven M.; Gardner, Dale R.; Panter, Kip E.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Welsh, Stanley L.] Brigham Young Univ, Stanley L Welsh Herbarium, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Betz, Joseph M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Colegate, SM (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM steven.colegate@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7382 EP 7392 DI 10.1021/jf500425v PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300009 PM 24655304 ER PT J AU Davis, TZ Stegelmeier, BL Hall, JO AF Davis, T. Zane Stegelmeier, Bryan L. Hall, Jeffery O. TI Analysis in Horse Hair as a Means of Evaluating Selenium Toxicoses and Long-Term Exposures SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE selenium; horse; chronic selenosis; selenium hair analysis; toxicity ID CHRONIC SELENOSIS; ELEMENT AB Horses are very susceptible to chronic selenosis if grazed on seleniferous forages for a prolonged period. In this study, mane and tail samples from horses that exhibited classical hoof lesions of chronic selenosis were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for selenium (Se) content. The horses had grazed for 6 months, from approximately May 15 until November 15, each year for three grazing seasons in a pasture containing seleniferous forages and water sources with elevated Se concentrations. The segmented hair samples showed a cyclic pattern in Se concentrations in the mane and tail, which corresponded to entering and exiting the contaminated pasture. The Se concentration in the tail of one horse could be traced for three grazing seasons. These results demonstrate that in some cases hair samples can be used to determine Se exposure in horses for up to 3 years postexposure. C1 [Davis, T. Zane; Stegelmeier, Bryan L.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Hall, Jeffery O.] Utah Vet Diagnost Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Davis, TZ (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM zane.davis@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS; Utah Agriculture Experiment Station, Utah State University FX This research was supported by USDA/ARS and the Utah Agriculture Experiment Station, Utah State University. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7393 EP 7397 DI 10.1021/jf500861p PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300010 PM 24829058 ER PT J AU Gardner, D Riet-Correa, F Lemos, D Welch, K Pfister, J Panter, K AF Gardner, Dale Riet-Correa, Franklin Lemos, Danilo Welch, Kevin Pfister, James Panter, Kip TI Teratogenic Effects of Mimosa tenuiflora in a Rat Model and Possible Role of N-Methyl- and N,N-Dimethyltryptamine SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE N-methyltryptamine; N,N-dimethyltryptamine; Mimosa tenuiflora; teratogen; cleft palate ID DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE AB Mimosa tenuiflora is a shrub/tree found in northeastern Brazil sometimes eaten by livestock and believed to be responsible for malformations observed in many animals from that region. The teratogenic compounds in M. tenuiflora are not known. This study used pregnant rats fed M. tenuiflora and components therefrom for bioassay and fractionation of possible teratogenic compounds. Rat pups were examined for cranial facial defects and skeletal malformations. Experimental diets included M. tenuiflora leaf and seed material, extracts of leaf and seed, alkaloid extracts of leaf and seed, and N-methyltryptamine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Pups from mothers who received M. tenuiflora plant material, methanol extracts, alkaloid extracts, and purified N-methyltryptamines had a higher incidence of soft tissue cleft palate and skeletal malformations. Results are summarized as to the frequency of observed cleft palate and other noted malformations for each diet versus control. C1 [Gardner, Dale; Welch, Kevin; Pfister, James; Panter, Kip] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Riet-Correa, Franklin; Lemos, Danilo] UFCG, CSTR, Hosp Vet, BR-58700000 Patos de Minas, PB, Brazil. RP Gardner, D (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM dale.gardner@ars.usda.gov FU Brazilian National Institute for Science and Technology for the Control of Plant Poisonings [573534/2008-0] FX Partial funding was provided by the Brazilian National Institute for Science and Technology for the Control of Plant Poisonings, Grant 573534/2008-0. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7398 EP 7401 DI 10.1021/jf5005176 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300011 PM 24689494 ER PT J AU Qi, PX Wickham, ED Garcia, RA AF Qi, Phoebe X. Wickham, Edward D. Garcia, Rafael A. TI Structural and Thermal Stability of beta-Lactoglobulin as a Result of Interacting with Sugar Beet Pectin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE beta-lactoglobulin; sugar beet pectin; circular dichroism; FTIR; fluorescence spectroscopy; fluorescence lifetime decay ID PROTEIN-POLYSACCHARIDE COMPLEXES; TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; FERULIC ACID; BINDING SITE; BOVINE; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; RETINOL AB Changes in the structural and thermal stability of beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) induced by interacting with sugar beet pectin (SBP) have been studied by circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared, and steady-state as well as time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. It has been demonstrated that SBP not only is capable of binding to native beta-LG but also causes a significant loss in antiparallel beta-sheet, similar to 10%, accompanied by an increase in either random coil or turn structures. In addition, the interaction also disrupted the environments of all aromatic residues including Trp, Phe, and Tyr of beta-LG as evidenced by near-UV CD and fluorescence. When preheated beta-LG was combined with SBP, the secondary structure of beta-LG was partially recovered, similar to 4% gain in antiparallel beta-sheet, and Trp19 fluorescence was recovered slightly. Although forming complexes with SBP did not significantly impact the thermal stability of individual secondary structural elements of beta-LG, the environment of Trp19 was protected considerably. C1 [Qi, Phoebe X.; Wickham, Edward D.] ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Garcia, Rafael A.] ARS, Biobased & Other Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Qi, PX (reprint author), ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Phoebe.Qi@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7567 EP 7576 DI 10.1021/jf502699g PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300033 PM 25003597 ER PT J AU Lupton, SJ Shelver, WL Newman, DJ Larsen, S Smith, DJ AF Lupton, S. J. Shelver, W. L. Newman, D. J. Larsen, S. Smith, D. J. TI Depletion of Penicillin G Residues in Heavy Sows after Intramuscular Injection. Part I: Tissue Residue Depletion SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE kidney; muscle; extra-label; penicillin G procaine; residue; sow; withdrawal period ID WITHDRAWAL TIME-ESTIMATION; VETERINARY DRUGS; RISK ASSESSMENT; FOOD ANIMALS; MILK AB Heavy sows (n = 126) were treated with penicillin G procaine at a 5x label dose (33 000 IU/kg) for 3 consecutive days by intramuscular (IM) injection using three patterns of drug administration. Treatments differed by injection pattern and injection volume. Sets of sows were slaughtered 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, and 39 days after the last treatment; skeletal muscle, kidney, serum, and urine were collected for penicillin G analysis by LC-MS/MS. Penicillin G at withdrawal day 5 averaged 23.5 +/- 10.5 and 3762 +/- 1932 ng/g in muscle and kidney, respectively. After 15 days of withdrawal, muscle penicillin G residues were quantifiable in only one treated hog (3.4 ng/g) but averaged 119 +/- 199 ng/g in kidneys. Using a hypothetical tolerance of 50 ng/g and a natural log linear depletion model, the withdrawal period required for penicillin depletion to 50 ng/g was 11 days for skeletal muscle and 47 days for kidney. C1 [Lupton, S. J.; Shelver, W. L.; Smith, D. J.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Newman, D. J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Larsen, S.] Natl Pork Board, Des Moines, IA 50325 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM david.j.smith@ars.usda.gov OI Lupton, Sara/0000-0002-4566-595X FU National Pork Board [58-5442-2-404]; USDA ARS [5442-32000-014]; North Dakota State University; Charm Sciences [58-5442-32000-014-07n] FX This study was collaboratively funded by the National Pork Board (58-5442-2-404), the USDA ARS (project no. 5442-32000-014), North Dakota State University, and in-kind contributions provided by Charm Sciences (agreement no. 58-5442-32000-014-07n). NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7577 EP 7585 DI 10.1021/jf501492v PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300034 PM 25025185 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Lupton, SJ Newman, DJ Larsen, S Smith, DJ AF Shelver, Weilin L. Lupton, Sara J. Newman, David J. Larsen, Steven Smith, David J. TI Depletion of Penicillin G Residues in Heavy Sows after Intramuscular Injection. Part II: Application of Kidney Inhibition Swab Tests SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE penicillin G; sows; screening test; antibiotics; residues ID TISSUES AB Sows (n = 126; 228 +/- 30.1 kg) were administered daily IM doses of penicillin G procaine (33 000 IU/kg bw; 5x the label dose) for 3 consecutive days using three different administration patterns. Within treatment, six sows each were slaughtered on withdrawal day 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, and 39. Tissues (injection site, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle) or body fluids (serum and urine) were screened for penicillin G using the XIS test, recently adopted by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. The IM administration patterns had no discernible effect on penicillin G depletion. Residues were depleted more rapidly from liver and skeletal muscle and more slowly from kidney and urine. Kidney was the most sensitive and suitable tissue for detecting penicillin G residues on-site, with two positive results after a 39-day withdrawal period. Urine was the most suitable ante-mortem surrogate to predict the results of kidney tests. C1 [Shelver, Weilin L.; Lupton, Sara J.; Smith, David J.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Newman, David J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Larsen, Steven] Natl Pork Board, Des Moines, IA 50314 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM weilin.shelver@ars.usda.gov OI Lupton, Sara/0000-0002-4566-595X FU National Pork Board [58-5442-2-404]; Charm Sciences [58-5442-32000-014-07N] FX Financial support was partially provided by the National Pork Board, agreement no. 58-5442-2-404, and in-kind support provided by Charm Sciences, agreement no. 58-5442-32000-014-07N. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 30 BP 7586 EP 7592 DI 10.1021/jf501494w PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AM2PW UT WOS:000339694300035 PM 25029357 ER PT J AU Zhang, DD Bowden, RL Yu, JM Carver, BF Bai, GH AF Zhang, Dadong Bowden, Robert L. Yu, Jianming Carver, Brett F. Bai, Guihua TI Association Analysis of Stem Rust Resistance in US Winter Wheat SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; SPATIAL GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; AESTIVUM L.; INFECTION TYPES; LEAF RUST; RACE TTKS; MARKERS AB Stem rust has become a renewed threat to global wheat production after the emergence and spread of race TTKSK (also known as Ug99) and related races from Africa. To elucidate U. S. winter wheat resistance genes to stem rust, association mapping was conducted using a panel of 137 lines from cooperative U. S. winter wheat nurseries from 2008 and simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence tagged site (STS) markers across the wheat genome. Seedling infection types were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment using six U.S. stem rust races (QFCSC, QTHJC, RCRSC, RKQQC, TPMKC and TTTTF) and TTKSK, and adult plant responses to bulked U.S. races were evaluated in a field experiment. A linearization algorithm was used to convert the qualitative Stakman scale seedling infection types for quantitative analysis. Association mapping successfully detected six known stem rust seedling resistance genes in U. S. winter wheat lines with frequencies: Sr6 (12%), Sr24 (9%), Sr31 (15%), Sr36 (9%), Sr38 (19%), and Sr1RS(Amigo) (8%). Adult plant resistance gene Sr2 was present in 4% of lines. SrTmp was postulated to be present in several hard winter wheat lines, but the frequency could not be accurately determined. Sr38 was the most prevalent Sr gene in both hard and soft winter wheat and was the most effective Sr gene in the adult plant field test. Resistance to TTKSK was associated with nine markers on chromosome 2B that were in linkage disequilibrium and all of the resistance was attributed to the Triticum timopheevii chromosome segment carrying Sr36. Potential novel rust resistance alleles were associated with markers Xwmc326-203 on 3BL, Xgwm160-195 and Xwmc313-225 on 4AL near Sr7, Xgwm495-182 on 4BL, Xwmc622-147 and Xgwm624-146 on 4DL, and Xgwm334-123 on 6AS near Sr8. Xwmc326-203 was associated with adult plant resistance to bulked U. S. races and Xgwm495-182 was associated with seedling resistance to TTKSK. C1 [Zhang, Dadong; Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bowden, Robert L.; Bai, Guihua] USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. [Yu, Jianming] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. [Carver, Brett F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM Guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov OI Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-68002-30029] FX The National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Coordinated Agricultural Project 2011-68002-30029 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 29 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e103747 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103747 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO4KU UT WOS:000341307600083 PM 25072699 ER PT J AU Qiu, JX Crow, WT Nearing, GS Mo, XG Liu, SX AF Qiu, Jianxiu Crow, Wade T. Nearing, Grey S. Mo, Xingguo Liu, Suxia TI The impact of vertical measurement depth on the information content of soil moisture times series data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEQUENTIAL ASSIMILATION; ERS SCATTEROMETER; NEAR-SURFACE; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; FILTER AB Using a decade of ground-based soil moisture observations acquired from the United States Department of Agriculture's Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN), we calculate the mutual information (MI) content between multiple soil moisture variables and near-future vegetation condition to examine the existence of emergent drought information in vertically integrated (surface to 60 cm) soil moisture observations (theta(0-60) ([cm])) not present in either superficial soil moisture observations (theta(5) ([cm])) or a simple low-pass transformation of theta(5). Results suggest that while theta(0-60) is indeed more valuable than theta(5) for predicting near-future vegetation anomalies, the enhanced information content in theta(0-60) soil moisture can be effectively duplicated by the low-pass transformation of theta(5). This implies that, for drought monitoring applications, the shallow vertical penetration depth of microwave-based theta(5) retrievals does not represent as large a practical limitation as commonly perceived. C1 [Qiu, Jianxiu; Mo, Xingguo; Liu, Suxia] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Qiu, Jianxiu; Crow, Wade T.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nearing, Grey S.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Wade.Crow@ars.usda.gov RI Qiu, Jianxiu/O-6255-2016 OI Qiu, Jianxiu/0000-0002-1275-4171 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [31171451]; Key Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR, CAS [2012ZD003]; Chinese Scholarship Council; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program [NNH09ZDA001N] FX The soil moisture data set for this paper is available at USDA SCAN website (see http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/scan/), and MODIS surface reflectance and land cover data are available at http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov. Thanks to the Natural Science Foundation of China grant (31171451), the Key Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR, CAS (2012ZD003), and the Chinese Scholarship Council for supporting the first author to conduct research at the USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory. This work was also partially supported by a grant from the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program (NNH09ZDA001N) to W. T. Crow. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 14 BP 4997 EP 5004 DI 10.1002/2014GL060017 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN4CU UT WOS:000340536000025 ER PT J AU Guo, X Jakes, JE Banna, S Nishi, Y Shohet, JL AF Guo, X. Jakes, J. E. Banna, S. Nishi, Y. Shohet, J. L. TI Effects of plasma and vacuum-ultraviolet exposure on the mechanical properties of low-k porous organosilicate glass SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT MATERIALS; ELASTIC-MODULUS; THIN-FILMS; DAMAGE; RADIATION; ION; MICROELECTRONICS; HARDNESS AB The effects of plasma exposure and vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation on the mechanical properties of low-k porous organosilicate glass (SiCOH) dielectric films were investigated. Nanoindentation measurements were made on SiCOH films before and after exposure to an electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma or a monochromatic synchrotron VUV beam, to determine the changes of film hardness, elastic modulus, and crack threshold due to these exposures. This permits the effects of ion bombardment and photon bombardment to be analyzed separately. The role of energetic ions was examined with a variety of inert plasma-exposure conditions. The role of VUV photons was analyzed as a function of synchrotron photon energy. It was found that both energetic ions and VUV photons with energies larger than the bond energy of the Si-O bond cause a significant increase in film hardness along with a smaller increase in elastic modulus and crack threshold. Differential Fourier transform infrared spectra and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy results show that the energetic ions affect the SiCOH properties mainly through physical bombardment, during which the ions transfer their momentum to the Si-O-Si backbone and transform them into more energetically stable Si-O-Si network structures. This results in the Si-O-Si network structures becoming densified. VUV photons assist reaction that increase the number of bridging O-3 Si-O-Si O-3 bonds and deplete nonbridging O-3 Si-O and C-Si O-3 bonds. This increased degree of cross linking in porous organosilicate dielectrics can substantially enhance their hardness and elastic modulus while showing no significant film shrinkage or densification. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Guo, X.; Shohet, J. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Plasma Proc & Technol Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Guo, X.; Shohet, J. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jakes, J. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Banna, S.] Appl Mat Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Nishi, Y.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Guo, X (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Plasma Proc & Technol Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU Semiconductor Research Corporation [2012-KJ-2359]; National Science Foundation [CBET-1066231]; Applied Materials University Research Partnership Program FX This work was supported by the Semiconductor Research Corporation under Contract No. 2012-KJ-2359 and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-1066231 and by the Applied Materials University Research Partnership Program. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 4 AR 044103 DI 10.1063/1.4891501 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AN6NF UT WOS:000340710700067 ER PT J AU Plundrich, NJ Kulis, M White, BL Grace, MH Guo, RS Burks, AW Davis, JP Lila, MA AF Plundrich, Nathalie J. Kulis, Mike White, Brittany L. Grace, Mary H. Guo, Rishu Burks, A. Wesley Davis, Jack P. Lila, Mary Ann TI Novel Strategy To Create Hypoallergenic Peanut Protein-Polyphenol Edible Matrices for Oral Immunotherapy SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE basophil; cranberry; mouse model; peanut allergy; polyphenols ID IGE-BINDING EPITOPES; ARA H 2; ALLERGENIC PROPERTIES; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; FOOD ALLERGENS; MURINE MODEL; IN-VITRO; ACID; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; PHENOLICS AB Peanut allergy is an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. Upon peanut consumption by an allergic individual, epitopes on peanut proteins bind and cross-link peanut-specific IgE on mast cell and basophil surfaces triggering the cells to release inflammatory mediators responsible for allergic reactions. Polyphenolic phytochemicals have high affinity to bind proteins and form soluble and insoluble complexes with unique functionality. This study investigated the allergenicity of polyphenol-fortified peanut matrices prepared by complexing various polyphenol-rich plant juices and extracts with peanut flour. Polyphenol-fortified peanut matrices reduced IgE binding to one or more peanut allergens (Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, and Ara h 6). Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) suggested changes in secondary protein structure. Peanut protein-cranberry polyphenol fortified matrices triggered significantly less basophil degranulation than unmodified flour in an ex vivo assay using human blood and less mast cell degranulation when used to orally challenge peanut-allergic mice. Polyphenol fortification of peanut flour resulted in a hypoallergenic matrix with reduced IgE binding and degranulation capacity, likely due to changes in protein secondary structure or masking of epitopes, suggesting potential applications for oral immunotherapy. C1 [Plundrich, Nathalie J.; Grace, Mary H.; Lila, Mary Ann] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Plants Human Hlth Inst, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA. [Kulis, Mike; Guo, Rishu; Burks, A. Wesley] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [White, Brittany L.; Davis, Jack P.] ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lila, MA (reprint author), 600 Laureate Way,North Carolina Res Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA. EM mlila@ncsu.edu OI Grace, Mary/0000-0002-8536-4211 FU Everett W. Byrd Endowment; NC State appropriations for North Carolina State University at Kannapolis FX This study was funded through the Everett W. Byrd Endowment and NC State appropriations for North Carolina State University at Kannapolis. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 23 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 29 SI SI BP 7010 EP 7021 DI 10.1021/jf405773b PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AL9OY UT WOS:000339471800016 PM 24758688 ER PT J AU Fu, YW Zhang, QZ Xu, DH Liang, JH Wang, B AF Fu, Yao-Wu Zhang, Qi-Zhong Xu, De-Hai Liang, Jing-Han Wang, Bin TI Antiparasitic Effect of Cynatratoside-C from Cynanchum atratum against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis on Grass Carp SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cynatratoside-C; Cynanchum atratum; antiparasitic activity; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; PREGNANE GLYCOSIDES; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; CHANNEL CATFISH; FISH; CONSTITUENTS; PATHOGENS; RESPONSES; EXTRACTS; ROOTS AB Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich), a fish ectoparasite, comprises an important challenge in the aquaculture industry. In this study, a steroidal glycoside, cynatratoside-C, isolated from Cynanchum atratum roots by bioassay-guided fractionation was used to treat I. multifiliis. The cynatratoside-C at 0.25 mg/L demonstrated a 100% mortality of I. multifiliis in vitro after 5 h exposure. The 5 h median effective concentration (EC50) of cynatratoside-C to nonencysted tomonts was 0.083 mg/L. In addition, cynatratoside-C at concentrations of 0.125 and 0.06 mg/L could completely terminate the reproduction of encysted tomonts. The cynatratoside-C at 2 mg/L could cure the infected grass carp within 48 h. The exact mechanism of cynatratoside-C for killing I. multifiliis is unknown, but it manifests itself microscopically through loss of membrane integrity of nonencysted tomonts or through releasing immature theronts from encysted tomonts. The immature theronts finally died before infecting fish. On the basis of these results, cynatratoside-C could be used as a natural anti-I. muitifiliis agent. C1 [Fu, Yao-Wu; Zhang, Qi-Zhong; Liang, Jing-Han; Wang, Bin] Jinan Univ, Inst Hydrobiol, Engn Res Ctr Trop & Subtrop Aquat Ecol Engn, Guangdong Higher Educ Inst,Key Lab Eutrophicat &, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Xu, De-Hai] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Zhang, QZ (reprint author), Jinan Univ, Inst Hydrobiol, Engn Res Ctr Trop & Subtrop Aquat Ecol Engn, Guangdong Higher Educ Inst,Key Lab Eutrophicat &, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM zhangqzdr@126.com FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [2011AA10A216]; Guangzhou Science and Technology Project [2013J4100047]; Marine and Fishery Special Project of Science and Technology in Guangdong Province [A201301B05]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [21612111, 21613105] FX This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (no. 2011AA10A216), Guangzhou Science and Technology Project (no. 2013J4100047), the Marine and Fishery Special Project of Science and Technology in Guangdong Province (A201301B05), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (21612111, 21613105). NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 23 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 29 SI SI BP 7183 EP 7189 DI 10.1021/jf5018675 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AL9OY UT WOS:000339471800035 PM 24980562 ER PT J AU Anderson, OD AF Anderson, Olin D. TI The Spectrum of Major Seed Storage Genes and Proteins in Oats (Avena sativa) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; CELIAC-DISEASE; DISULFIDE BONDS; C-ELEGANS; EXPRESSION; GLOBULINS AB Background: The oat seed storage proteins are mainly composed of two classes: the globulins and avenins. Among the major cereals, the globulins are the major seed protein class in rice and oats, and along with the higher protein content of oats is the basis for the relative higher nutrition content in oats compared to the other cereals. The second major class of oat seed proteins is the avenins; also classified as prolamins - seed proteins high in proline and glutamine amino acids. The prolamins are associated with celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. In spite of their importance, neither the oat globulins nor the avenins have been completely analyzed and described for any single germplasm. Results: Using available EST resources for a single hexaploid oat cultivar, the spectrum of avenin and globulin sequences are described for the gene coding regions and the derived protein sequences. The nine unique avenin sequences are suggested to be divided into 3-4 distinct subclasses distributed in the hexaploid genome. The globulins from the same germplasm include 24 distinct sequences. Variation in globulin size results mainly from a glutamine-rich domain, similar to as in the avenins, and to variation in the C-terminal sequence domain. Two globulin genes have premature stop codons that shorten the resulting polypeptides by 9 and 17 amino acids, and eight of the globulin sequences form a branch of the globulins not previously reported. Conclusions: A more complete description of the major oat seed proteins should allow a more thorough analysis of their contributions to those oat seed characteristics related to nutritional value, evolutionary history, and celiac disease association. C1 USDA, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM olin.anderson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS project [5325-21000-014] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS project 5325-21000-014. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 23 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e83569 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0083569 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM1NT UT WOS:000339614100002 PM 25054628 ER PT J AU Salomon-Torres, R Matukumalli, LK Van Tassell, CP Villa-Angulo, C Gonzalez-Vizcarra, VM Villa-Angulo, R AF Salomon-Torres, Ricardo Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Villa-Angulo, Carlos Gonzalez-Vizcarra, Victor M. Villa-Angulo, Rafael TI High Density LD-Based Structural Variations Analysis in Cattle Genome SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; HIDDEN-MARKOV MODEL; SNP GENOTYPING DATA; BOS-TAURUS; ASSOCIATION AB Genomic structural variations represent an important source of genetic variation in mammal genomes, thus, they are commonly related to phenotypic expressions. In this work, similar to 770,000 single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes from 506 animals from 19 cattle breeds were analyzed. A simple LD-based structural variation was defined, and a genome-wide analysis was performed. After applying some quality control filters, for each breed and each chromosome we calculated the linkage disequilibrium (r(2)) of short range (<= 100 Kb). We sorted SNP pairs by distance and obtained a set of LD means (called the expected means) using bins of 5 Kb. We identified 15,246 segments of at least 1 Kb, among the 19 breeds, consisting of sets of at least 3 adjacent SNPs so that, for each SNP, r(2) within its neighbors in a 100 Kb range, to the right side of that SNP, were all bigger than, or all smaller than, the corresponding expected mean, and their P-value were significant after a Benjamini-Hochberg multiple testing correction. In addition, to account just for homogeneously distributed regions we considered only SNPs having at least 15 SNP neighbors within 100 Kb. We defined such segments as structural variations. By grouping all variations across all animals in the sample we defined 9,146 regions, involving a total of 53,137 SNPs; representing the 6.40% (160.98 Mb) from the bovine genome. The identified structural variations covered 3,109 genes. Clustering analysis showed the relatedness of breeds given the geographic region in which they are evolving. In summary, we present an analysis of structural variations based on the deviation of the expected short range LD between SNPs in the bovine genome. With an intuitive and simple definition based only on SNPs data it was possible to discern closeness of breeds due to grouping by geographic region in which they are evolving. C1 [Salomon-Torres, Ricardo; Villa-Angulo, Carlos; Villa-Angulo, Rafael] Autonomous Univ Baja California, Engn Inst, Lab Bioinformat & Biofoton, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.] NIFA, Anim Breeding Genet & Genom USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Van Tassell, Curtis P.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Labs, Beltsville, MD USA. [Gonzalez-Vizcarra, Victor M.] Autonomous Univ Baja California, Res Inst Vet Sci, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. RP Salomon-Torres, R (reprint author), Autonomous Univ Baja California, Engn Inst, Lab Bioinformat & Biofoton, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. EM ricardo.salomon@uabc.edu.mx RI Salomon-Torres, Ricardo/F-8056-2015; Villa-Angulo, Rafael/I-5937-2015 OI Salomon-Torres, Ricardo/0000-0002-6486-2131; Villa-Angulo, Rafael/0000-0002-7698-6617 FU National Scholarship Program for Postgraduate Studies, the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT) FX The authors appreciate the financial support provided by the National Scholarship Program for Postgraduate Studies, the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 22 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e103046 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103046 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM0QO UT WOS:000339551100081 PM 25050984 ER PT J AU Canovas, A Reverter, A DeAtley, KL Ashley, RL Colgrave, ML Fortes, MRS Islas-Trejo, A Lehnert, S Porto-Neto, L Rincon, G Silver, GA Snelling, WM Medrano, JF Thomas, MG AF Canovas, Angela Reverter, Antonio DeAtley, Kasey L. Ashley, Ryan L. Colgrave, Michelle L. Fortes, Marina R. S. Islas-Trejo, Alma Lehnert, Sigrid Porto-Neto, Laercio Rincon, Gonzalo Silver, Gail A. Snelling, Warren M. Medrano, Juan F. Thomas, Milton G. TI Multi-Tissue Omics Analyses Reveal Molecular Regulatory Networks for Puberty in Composite Beef Cattle SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE; BOVINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE; 1ST SERVICE CONCEPTION; RNA-SEQ; BRANGUS HEIFERS; HUMAN-DISEASE; COEXPRESSION NETWORKS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AB Puberty is a complex physiological event by which animals mature into an adult capable of sexual reproduction. In order to enhance our understanding of the genes and regulatory pathways and networks involved in puberty, we characterized the transcriptome of five reproductive tissues (i.e. hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, uterus, and endometrium) as well as tissues known to be relevant to growth and metabolism needed to achieve puberty (i.e., longissimus dorsi muscle, adipose, and liver). These tissues were collected from pre- and post-pubertal Brangus heifers (3/8 Brahman; Bos indicus x 5/8 Angus; Bos taurus) derived from a population of cattle used to identify quantitative trait loci associated with fertility traits (i.e., age of first observed corpus luteum (ACL), first service conception (FSC), and heifer pregnancy (HPG)). In order to exploit the power of complementary omics analyses, pre- and post-puberty co-expression gene networks were constructed by combining the results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), RNA-Seq, and bovine transcription factors. Eight tissues among pre-pubertal and post-pubertal Brangus heifers revealed 1,515 differentially expressed and 943 tissue-specific genes within the 17,832 genes confirmed by RNA-Seq analysis. The hypothalamus experienced the most notable up-regulation of genes via puberty (i.e., 204 out of 275 genes). Combining the results of GWAS and RNA-Seq, we identified 25 loci containing a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with ACL, FSC, and (or) HPG. Seventeen of these SNP were within a gene and 13 of the genes were expressed in uterus or endometrium. Multi-tissue omics analyses revealed 2,450 co-expressed genes relative to puberty. The pre-pubertal network had 372,861 connections whereas the postpubertal network had 328,357 connections. A sub-network from this process revealed key transcriptional regulators (i.e., PITX2, FOXA1, DACH2, PROP1, SIX6, etc.). Results from these multi-tissue omics analyses improve understanding of the number of genes and their complex interactions for puberty in cattle. C1 [Canovas, Angela; Islas-Trejo, Alma; Rincon, Gonzalo; Medrano, Juan F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Reverter, Antonio; Colgrave, Michelle L.; Lehnert, Sigrid; Porto-Neto, Laercio] CSIRO, Food Futures Flagship, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Reverter, Antonio; Colgrave, Michelle L.; Lehnert, Sigrid; Porto-Neto, Laercio] Queensland Biosci Precinct, Div Anim Food & Hlth Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [DeAtley, Kasey L.; Ashley, Ryan L.; Silver, Gail A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Fortes, Marina R. S.] Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat, Ctr Anim Sci, Gatton, Qld, Australia. [Snelling, Warren M.] USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Thomas, Milton G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Thomas, MG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM milt.thomas@colostate.edu RI Colgrave, Michelle/A-5710-2012; Porto-Neto, Laercio/D-2594-2012; Fortes, Marina/G-2302-2012; Lehnert, Sigrid/A-3676-2013 OI Colgrave, Michelle/0000-0001-8463-805X; Porto-Neto, Laercio/0000-0002-3536-8265; Fortes, Marina/0000-0002-7254-1960; FU USDA-AFRI [2008-35205-18751]; McMaster Fellowship program of CSIRO-Australia; Gerald Thomas Chair Endowment of New Mexico State University; New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station Project (Hatch) [216391]; John E. Rouse Chair Endowment of Colorado State University; Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies in Australia; ME/Fulbright scholarship program FX USDA-AFRI (Grant no. 2008-35205-18751), McMaster Fellowship program of CSIRO-Australia, Gerald Thomas Chair Endowment of New Mexico State University, New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station Project (Hatch #216391), John E. Rouse Chair Endowment of Colorado State University, and the Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies in Australia. AC was supported by the ME/Fulbright scholarship program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 97 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 21 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e102551 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102551 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM0SW UT WOS:000339558100044 PM 25048735 ER PT J AU Bezerra, IN Goldman, J Rhodes, DG Hoy, MK Souza, AD Chester, DN Martin, CL Sebastian, RS Ahuja, JK Sichieri, R Moshfegh, AJ AF Bezerra, Ilana Nogueira Goldman, Joseph Rhodes, Donna G. Hoy, Mary Katherine Souza, Amanda de Moura Chester, Deirdra N. Martin, Carrie L. Sebastian, Rhonda S. Ahuja, Jaspreet K. Sichieri, Rosely Moshfegh, Alanna J. TI Difference in adult food group intake by sex and age groups comparing Brazil and United States nationwide surveys SO NUTRITION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Diet; Food groups; Dietary surveys; Brazilian and American diet; Food habits ID DIETARY PATTERNS; ENERGY-INTAKE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; US; CONSUMPTION; TRENDS; AVAILABILITY; VARIETY; OBESITY; SUGAR AB Background: International comparisons of dietary intake are an important source of information to better understand food habits and their relationship to nutrition related diseases. The objective of this study is to compare food intake of Brazilian adults with American adults identifying possible dietary factors associated with the increase in obesity in Brazil. Methods: This research used cross-national analyses between the United States and Brazil, including 5,420 adults in the 2007-2008 What We Eat In America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and 26,390 adults in the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey, Individual Food Intake. Dietary data were collected through 24 h recalls in the U. S. and through food records in Brazil. Foods and beverages were combined into 25 food categories. Food intake means and percentage of energy contribution by food categories to the population's total energy intake were compared between the countries. Results: Higher frequencies of intake were reported in the United States compared to Brazil for the majority of food categories except for meat, rice and rice dishes; beans and legumes; spreads; and coffee and tea. In either country, young adults (20-39 yrs) had greater reports of meat, poultry and fish mixed dishes; pizza and pasta; and soft drinks compared to older adults (60 + yrs). Meat, poultry and fish mixed dishes (13%), breads (11%), sweets and confections (8%), pizza and pasta (7%), and dairy products (6%) were the top five food category sources of energy intake among American adults. The top five food categories in Brazil were rice and rice dishes (13%), meat (11%), beans and legumes (10%), breads (10%), and coffee and tea (6%). Thus, traditional plant-based foods such as rice and beans were important contributors in the Brazilian diet. Conclusion: Although young adults had higher reports of high-calorie and nutrient-poor foods than older adults in both countries, Brazilian young adults did not consume a diet similar to Americans, indicating that it is still possible to reverse the current trends of incorporating Western dietary habits in Brazil. C1 [Bezerra, Ilana Nogueira] Univ Fortaleza UNIFOR, Curso Nutr, Ctr Ciencias Saude, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Goldman, Joseph; Rhodes, Donna G.; Hoy, Mary Katherine; Martin, Carrie L.; Sebastian, Rhonda S.; Ahuja, Jaspreet K.; Moshfegh, Alanna J.] ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA,BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Souza, Amanda de Moura; Sichieri, Rosely] Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Inst Social Med, Dept Epidemiol, BR-20550012 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Chester, Deirdra N.] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bezerra, IN (reprint author), Univ Fortaleza UNIFOR, Curso Nutr, Ctr Ciencias Saude, Av Washington Soares 1321,Sala C04 Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM ilana.bezerra@yahoo.com.br FU Brazilian Ministry of Health; Brazilian Federal Agency for the Improvement of Higher Education (CAPES) [6748-10-4] FX The Brazilian survey was funding by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. INB received a fellowship from the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Improvement of Higher Education (CAPES) - Process n.6748-10-4. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2891 J9 NUTR J JI Nutr. J. PD JUL 21 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 74 DI 10.1186/1475-2891-13-74 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AM2HJ UT WOS:000339670900001 PM 25047421 ER PT J AU Shan, XY Williams, WP AF Shan, Xueyan Williams, W. Paul TI Toward elucidation of genetic and functional genetic mechanisms in corn host resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxin; corn; host resistance; transcriptomics ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; KERNEL INFECTION; MAIZE GERMPLASM; RNA TRANSPORT; INNATE IMMUNITY; NUCLEAR-PORE; ACCUMULATION; HYBRIDS; PLANT; REGISTRATION AB Aflatoxins are carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by some species in the Aspergillus genus, such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Contamination of aflatoxins in corn profusely happens at pre-harvest stage when heat and drought field conditions favor A. flavus colonization. Commercial corn hybrids are generally susceptible to A. flavus infection. An ideal strategy for preventing aflatoxin contamination is through the enhancement of corn host resistance to Aspergillus infection and aflatoxin production. Constant efforts have been made by corn breeders to develop resistant corn genotypes. Significantly low levels of aflatoxin accumulation have been determined in certain resistant corn inbred lines. A number of reports of quantitative trait loci have provided compelling evidence supporting the quantitative trait genetic basis of corn host resistance to aflatoxin accumulation. Important findings have also been obtained from the investigation on candidate resistance genes through transcriptomics approach. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms will provide in-depth understanding of the host pathogen interactions and hence facilitate the breeding of corn with resistance to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin accumulation. C1 [Shan, Xueyan] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Williams, W. Paul] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Shan, XY (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM xshan@bch.msstate.edu NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 21 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD JUL 21 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 364 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00364 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AL6XO UT WOS:000339277200001 PM 25101068 ER PT J AU Mayer, KFX Rogers, J Dolezel, J Pozniak, C Eversole, K Feuillet, C Gill, B Friebe, B Lukaszewski, AJ Sourdille, P Endo, TR Dolezel, J Kubalakova, M Cihalikova, J Dubska, Z Vrana, J Sperkova, R Simkova, H Rogers, J Febrer, M Clissold, L McLay, K Singh, K Chhuneja, P Singh, NK Khurana, J Akhunov, E Choulet, F Sourdille, P Feuillet, C Alberti, A Barbe, V Wincker, P Kanamori, H Kobayashi, F Itoh, T Matsumoto, T Sakai, H Tanaka, T Wu, JZ Ogihara, Y Handa, H Pozniak, C Maclachlan, PR Sharpe, A Klassen, D Edwards, D Batley, J Olsen, OA Sandve, SR Lien, S Steuernagel, B Wulff, B Caccamo, M Ayling, S Ramirez-Gonzalez, RH Clavijo, BJ Steuernagel, B Wright, J Pfeifer, M Spannagl, M Mayer, KFX Martis, MM Akhunov, E Choulet, F Mayer, KFX Mascher, M Chapman, J Poland, JA Scholz, U Barry, K Waugh, R Rokhsar, DS Muehlbauer, GJ Stein, N Gundlach, H Zytnicki, M Jamilloux, V Quesneville, H Wicker, T Mayer, KFX Faccioli, P Colaiacovo, M Pfeifer, M Stanca, AM Budak, H Cattivelli, L Glover, N Martis, MM Choulet, F Feuillet, C Mayer, KFX Pfeifer, M Pingault, L Mayer, KFX Paux, E Spannagl, M Sharma, S Mayer, KFX Pozniak, C Appels, R Bellgard, M Chapman, B Pfeifer, M Pfeifer, M Sandve, SR Nussbaumer, T Bader, KC Choulet, F Feuillet, C Mayer, KFX Akhunov, E Paux, E Rimbert, H Wang, SC Poland, JA Knox, R Kilian, A Pozniak, C Alaux, M Alfama, F Couderc, L Jamilloux, V Guilhot, N Viseux, C Loaec, M Quesneville, H Rogers, J Dolezel, J Eversole, K Feuillet, C Keller, B Mayer, KFX Olsen, OA Praud, S AF Mayer, Klaus F. X. Rogers, Jane Dolezel, Jaroslav Pozniak, Curtis Eversole, Kellye Feuillet, Catherine Gill, Bikram Friebe, Bernd Lukaszewski, Adam J. Sourdille, Pierre Endo, Takashi R. Dolezel, Jaroslav Kubalakova, Marie Cihalikova, Jarmila Dubska, Zdenka Vrana, Jan Sperkova, Romana Simkova, Hana Rogers, Jane Febrer, Melanie Clissold, Leah McLay, Kirsten Singh, Kuldeep Chhuneja, Parveen Singh, Nagendra K. Khurana, Jitendra Akhunov, Eduard Choulet, Frederic Sourdille, Pierre Feuillet, Catherine Alberti, Adriana Barbe, Valerie Wincker, Patrick Kanamori, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Fuminori Itoh, Takeshi Matsumoto, Takashi Sakai, Hiroaki Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Wu, Jianzhong Ogihara, Yasunari Handa, Hirokazu Pozniak, Curtis Maclachlan, P. Ron Sharpe, Andrew Klassen, Darrin Edwards, David Batley, Jacqueline Olsen, Odd-Arne Sandve, Simen Rod Lien, Sigbjorn Steuernagel, Burkhard Wulff, Brande Caccamo, Mario Ayling, Sarah Ramirez-Gonzalez, Ricardo H. Clavijo, Bernardo J. Steuernagel, Burkhard Wright, Jonathan Pfeifer, Matthias Spannagl, Manuel Mayer, Klaus F. X. Martis, Mihaela M. Akhunov, Eduard Choulet, Frederic Mayer, Klaus F. X. Mascher, Martin Chapman, Jarrod Poland, Jesse A. Scholz, Uwe Barry, Kerrie Waugh, Robbie Rokhsar, Daniel S. Muehlbauer, Gary J. Stein, Nils Gundlach, Heidrun Zytnicki, Matthias Jamilloux, Veronique Quesneville, Hadi Wicker, Thomas Mayer, Klaus F. X. Faccioli, Primetta Colaiacovo, Moreno Pfeifer, Matthias Stanca, Antonio Michele Budak, Hikmet Cattivelli, Luigi Glover, Natasha Martis, Mihaela M. Choulet, Frederic Feuillet, Catherine Mayer, Klaus F. X. Pfeifer, Matthias Pingault, Lise Mayer, Klaus F. X. Paux, Etienne Spannagl, Manuel Sharma, Sapna Mayer, Klaus F. X. Pozniak, Curtis Appels, Rudi Bellgard, Matthew Chapman, Brett Pfeifer, Matthias Pfeifer, Matthias Sandve, Simen Rod Nussbaumer, Thomas Bader, Kai Christian Choulet, Frederic Feuillet, Catherine Mayer, Klaus F. X. Akhunov, Eduard Paux, Etienne Rimbert, Helene Wang, Shichen Poland, Jesse A. Knox, Ron Kilian, Andrzej Pozniak, Curtis Alaux, Michael Alfama, Francoise Couderc, Loic Jamilloux, Veronique Guilhot, Nicolas Viseux, Claire Loaec, Mikael Quesneville, Hadi Rogers, Jane Dolezel, Jaroslav Eversole, Kellye Feuillet, Catherine Keller, Beat Mayer, Klaus F. X. Olsen, Odd-Arne Praud, Sebastien CA IWGSC TI A chromosome-based draft sequence of the hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; POLYPLOID WHEAT; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; A-GENOME; EVOLUTION; TRANSCRIPTOME; REVEALS; ARABIDOPSIS; RICE; ANNOTATION AB An ordered draft sequence of the 17-gigabase hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome has been produced by sequencing isolated chromosome arms. We have annotated 124,201 gene loci distributed nearly evenly across the homeologous chromosomes and subgenomes. Comparative gene analysis of wheat subgenomes and extant diploid and tetraploid wheat relatives showed that high sequence similarity and structural conservation are retained, with limited gene loss, after polyploidization. However, across the genomes there was evidence of dynamic gene gain, loss, and duplication since the divergence of the wheat lineages. A high degree of transcriptional autonomy and no global dominance was found for the subgenomes. These insights into the genome biology of a polyploid crop provide a springboard for faster gene isolation, rapid genetic marker development, and precise breeding to meet the needs of increasing food demand worldwide. C1 [Mayer, Klaus F. X.; Pfeifer, Matthias; Spannagl, Manuel; Martis, Mihaela M.; Gundlach, Heidrun; Sharma, Sapna; Nussbaumer, Thomas; Bader, Kai Christian] Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Rogers, Jane; Eversole, Kellye] Eversole Associates, IWGSC, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. [Dolezel, Jaroslav; Kubalakova, Marie; Cihalikova, Jarmila; Dubska, Zdenka; Vrana, Jan; Sperkova, Romana; Simkova, Hana] Ctr Plant Struct & Funct Genom, Inst Expt Bot, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. [Pozniak, Curtis; Maclachlan, P. Ron] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Dept Plant Sci, Coll Agr & Bioresources, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Feuillet, Catherine] Bayer Crop Sci, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA. [Gill, Bikram; Friebe, Bernd; Akhunov, Eduard; Wang, Shichen] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lukaszewski, Adam J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Nat & Agr Sci Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Endo, Takashi R.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Lab Plant Genet, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Febrer, Melanie] Univ Dundee, Genom Sequencing Unit, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. [Clissold, Leah; McLay, Kirsten; Caccamo, Mario; Ayling, Sarah; Ramirez-Gonzalez, Ricardo H.; Clavijo, Bernardo J.; Wright, Jonathan] Genome Anal Ctr, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Singh, Kuldeep; Chhuneja, Parveen] Punjab Agr Univ, Sch Agrictural Biotechnol, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. [Singh, Nagendra K.] Indian Agr Res Inst, Natl Res Ctr Plant Biotechnol, New Delhi 110012, India. [Khurana, Jitendra] Univ Delhi, Interdisciplinary Ctr Plant Genom, New Delhi 110021, India. [Khurana, Jitendra] Univ Delhi, Dept Plant Mol Biol, New Delhi 110021, India. [Sourdille, Pierre; Choulet, Frederic; Glover, Natasha; Pingault, Lise; Paux, Etienne; Guilhot, Nicolas] Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, Genet Divers & Ecophysiol Cereals UMR1095, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Alberti, Adriana; Barbe, Valerie; Wincker, Patrick] Commissariat Energie Atom Genoscope, Ctr Natl Sequencage, F-91057 Evry, France. [Kanamori, Hiroyuki; Kobayashi, Fuminori; Itoh, Takeshi; Matsumoto, Takashi; Sakai, Hiroaki; Tanaka, Tsuyoshi; Wu, Jianzhong; Handa, Hirokazu] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Plant Genome Res Unit, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Ogihara, Yasunari] Yokohama City Univ, Kihara Inst Biol Res, Totsuka Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2440813, Japan. [Sharpe, Andrew; Klassen, Darrin] Natl Res Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. [Edwards, David; Batley, Jacqueline] Univ Queensland, Australian Ctr Plant Funct Genom, Sch Agr & Food Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Edwards, David; Batley, Jacqueline] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Olsen, Odd-Arne; Sandve, Simen Rod] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant Sci, Ctr Integrat Genet CIGENE, N-1432 As, Norway. [Olsen, Odd-Arne] Hedmark Univ Coll, Dept Nat Sci & Technol, N-2318 Elverum, Norway. [Steuernagel, Burkhard; Wulff, Brande] Sainsbury Lab, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Mascher, Martin; Scholz, Uwe] Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK, D-06466 Seeland Ot Gatersleben, Germany. [Chapman, Jarrod; Barry, Kerrie; Rokhsar, Daniel S.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Poland, Jesse A.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Poland, Jesse A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Waugh, Robbie] James Hutton Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Muehlbauer, Gary J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Stein, Nils] Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK, D-06466 Seeland Ot Gatersleben, Germany. [Zytnicki, Matthias; Jamilloux, Veronique; Quesneville, Hadi; Alaux, Michael; Alfama, Francoise; Couderc, Loic; Viseux, Claire; Loaec, Mikael] INRA, URGI Res Unit Genom Info UR1164, F-78026 Versailles, France. [Wicker, Thomas; Keller, Beat] Univ Zurich, Inst Plant Biol, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. [Faccioli, Primetta; Colaiacovo, Moreno; Stanca, Antonio Michele; Cattivelli, Luigi] Genom Res Ctr, Consiglio Ric & Sperimentaz Agr, I-29017 Fiorenzuola Darda, Italy. [Budak, Hikmet] Sabanci Univ, Biol Sci & Bioengn Program, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. [Appels, Rudi; Bellgard, Matthew; Chapman, Brett] Murdoch Univ, Ctr Comparat Genom, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. [Knox, Ron] Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. [Kilian, Andrzej] Divers Arrays Technol Pty Ltd, Yarralumla, ACT 2600, Australia. [Rimbert, Helene; Praud, Sebastien] Biogemma, Ctr Rech Chappes, F-63720 Chappes, France. [Lien, Sigbjorn] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, CIGENE, Dept Anim & Aquicultural Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. RP Mayer, KFX (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM k.mayer@helmholtz-muenchen.de; janerogersh@gmail.com; dolezel@ueb.cas.cz; curtis.pozniak@usask.ca; eversole@eversoleassociates.com; catherine.feuillet@bayer.com RI Wulff, Brande/C-7465-2013; Dolezel, Jaroslav/B-7716-2008; Vrana, Jan/F-7306-2014; Wulff, Brande/N-4273-2013; Budak, Hikmet/F-4708-2010; HANDA, Hirokazu/C-9781-2009; Mayer, Klaus/M-7941-2015; Wang, Shichen/E-6213-2012; OI Wulff, Brande/0000-0003-4044-4346; Dolezel, Jaroslav/0000-0002-6263-0492; Vrana, Jan/0000-0001-6171-8516; Budak, Hikmet/0000-0002-2556-2478; Ramirez Gonzalez, Ricardo Humberto/0000-0001-5745-7085; HANDA, Hirokazu/0000-0003-2985-2883; Mayer, Klaus/0000-0001-6484-1077; Wang, Shichen/0000-0003-1441-2252; Steuernagel, Burkhard/0000-0002-8284-7728; cattivelli, luigi/0000-0002-6067-4600; Colaiacovo, Moreno/0000-0003-1320-0506; Clavijo, Bernardo J./0000-0002-7597-2774; Wright, Jonathan/0000-0001-6471-8749; Knox, Ron/0000-0002-2030-3899; Scholz, Uwe/0000-0001-6113-3518; Poland, Jesse/0000-0002-7856-1399 FU Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA); International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas; Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India [BT/IWGSC/03/TF/2008]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC UK); 3A-U.S. Department of Agriculture Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (USDA AFRI) Triticeae-CAP [2011-68002-30029]; Kansas Wheat Commission; French National Research Agency [ANR-09-GENM-025 3BSEQ]; France Agrimer; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan [KGS-1003,1004, NGB-1003]; Nisshin Flour Milling Incorporated; Genome Canada; Genome Prairie; University of Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, Western Grains Research Foundation; Norwegian Research Council [199387]; Graminor AS; Czech Science foundation [P501/12/G090, P501/12/2554]; BBSRC (UK); German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) Plant2030; TRITEX; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB 924]; EC Transplant; IWGSC; Arcadia Biosciences; Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics; Biogemma; Bayer CropScience; Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation; Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo; Cereales Vallee; Dow AgroSciences; Dupont; Evogene; Florimond Desprez; Grains Research and Development Corporation; Graminor; Heartland Plant Innovation; INRA; KWS; Limagrain; Monsanto; RAGT; Syngenta; European Commission Marie Curie Actions (FP7-MC-IIF-Noncollinear Genes) FX The authors would like to thank Graminor AS; Biogemma; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA); International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas; Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India (chr. 2A; grant no. BT/IWGSC/03/TF/2008); and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC UK) for funding the chromosome sequencing at the Genome Analysis Centre. Chromosome sequencing at other centers was funded by the following: chr. 3A-U.S. Department of Agriculture Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (USDA AFRI) Triticeae-CAP (2011-68002-30029) and the Kansas Wheat Commission; chr. 3B-grants from the French National Research Agency (ANR-09-GENM-025 3BSEQ) and France Agrimer; chr. 6B-grants from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan "Genomics for agricultural innovation KGS-1003,1004", "Genomics based technology for agricultural improvement, NGB-1003," and Nisshin Flour Milling Incorporated; chr. 6D and Triticum durum cv. Strongfield-grants from Genome Canada, Genome Prairie, University of Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, Western Grains Research Foundation; chr. 7B-grant no. 199387 from the Norwegian Research Council and from Graminor AS; chr. 7A and 7D sequence reads were provided by D. E.. Chromosome flow sorting and DNA preparation was supported through grants P501/12/G090 and P501/12/2554 from the Czech Science foundation. Chromosome sequence assembly was supported by the BBSRC (UK). K. F. X. M. acknowledges grants from the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) Plant2030, TRITEX, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) SFB 924, and EC Transplant. K. E. and J.R. are supported by sponsors of the IWGSC, which include Arcadia Biosciences, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Biogemma, Bayer CropScience, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo, Cereales Vallee, Dow AgroSciences, Dupont, Evogene, Florimond Desprez, Grains Research and Development Corporation, Graminor, Heartland Plant Innovation, INRA, KWS, Kansas Wheat Commission, Limagrain, Monsanto, RAGT, and Syngenta. N. G. is supported by European Commission Marie Curie Actions (FP7-MC-IIF-Noncollinear Genes). T. W. is supported by the Swiss National Foundation and P. F., M. C., A. M. S., and L. C. are supported by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture special project "MAPPA-5A." H. B. acknowledges funding from Sabanci University and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. B. W. and B. S. were funded by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation and the BBSRC (UK) Grant BB/J003166/1. R. W. is a Trustee Director of TGAC, Norwich, UK, and A. K. is a shareholder of Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd. The POPSeq analysis carried out by the U. S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute was supported by the Office of Science of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Additional support for the work was funded from the Triticeae-CAP, USDA AFRI (2011-68002-30029) to G.J.M.; the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division Research Programme to R. W.; and the German Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF TRITEX 0315954) to N.S. Sequence reads and assembled sequences are available at European Molecular Biology Laboratory/GenBank/DNA Data Bank of Japan short read archives and sequence repositories, respectively (PRJEB3955-whole-genome sequences of T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring,' T. urartu, Ae. speltoides, Ae.; tauschii, T. turgidum; SRP004490.3-whole-genome sequencing of T. monococcum; SRP004490-whole-genome sequencing of Ae. tauschii; PRJEB4849 -whole-genome sequences of Ae. sharonensis; PRJEB4750-T. aestivum RNA-seq data; SRP037990-T. aestivum SynOpDH mapping population; SRP037781-T. aestivum synthetic opata M85; SRP037994-T. aestivum synthetic W7984). All data can be accessed via the IWGSC repository at Unite de Rercherche Genomique Info: http://wheat-urgi.versailles.inra.fr/Seq-Repository/. NR 86 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 28 U2 172 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 18 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6194 SI SI AR 1251788 DI 10.1126/science.1251788 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AR2MB UT WOS:000343420300004 ER PT J AU Upadhyay, RK Gupta, A Ranjan, S Singh, R Pathre, UV Nath, P Sane, AP AF Upadhyay, Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Asmita Ranjan, Sanjay Singh, Ruchi Pathre, Uday V. Nath, Pravendra Sane, Aniruddha P. TI The EAR Motif Controls the Early Flowering and Senescence Phenotype Mediated by Over-Expression of SlERF36 and Is Partly Responsible for Changes in Stomatal Density and Photosynthesis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; CO2 CONCENTRATION; STRESS RESPONSES; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABSCISIC-ACID; SALT STRESS AB The EAR motif is a small seven amino acid motif associated with active repression of several target genes. We had previously identified SlERF36 as an EAR motif containing gene from tomato and shown that its over-expression results in early flowering and senescence and a 25-35% reduction of stomatal density, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in transgenic tobacco. In order to understand the role of the EAR motif in governing the phenotypes, we have expressed the full-length SlERF36 and a truncated form, lacking the EAR motif under the CaMV35S promoter, in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plants over-expressing the full-length SlERF36 show prominent early flowering under long day as well as short day conditions. The early flowering leads to an earlier onset of senescence in these transgenic plants which in turn reduces vegetative growth, affecting rosette, flower and silique sizes. Stomatal number is reduced by 38-39% while photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decrease by about 30-40%. Transgenic plants over-expressing the truncated version of SlERF36 (lacking the C-terminal EAR motif), show phenotypes largely matching the control with normal flowering and senescence indicating that the early flowering and senescence is governed by the EAR motif. On the other hand, photosynthetic rates and stomatal number were also reduced in plants expressing SlERF36DEAR although to a lesser degree compared to the full-length version indicating that these are partly controlled by the EAR motif. These studies show that the major phenotypic changes in plant growth caused by over-expression of SlERF36 are actually mediated by the EAR motif. C1 [Upadhyay, Rakesh Kumar; Gupta, Asmita; Nath, Pravendra; Sane, Aniruddha P.] Natl Bot Res Inst, CSIR, Plant Gene Express Lab, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Ranjan, Sanjay; Pathre, Uday V.] Natl Bot Res Inst, CSIR, Dept Plant Physiol, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Upadhyay, Rakesh Kumar] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Upadhyay, Rakesh Kumar] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Harrisburg, PA USA. RP Sane, AP (reprint author), Natl Bot Res Inst, CSIR, Plant Gene Express Lab, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM saneanil@rediffmail.com FU Department of Biotechnology, Government of India [GAP244525]; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India FX The work was supported by a grant (GAP244525) from the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, to A. P. S. Senior Research Fellowship was provided by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India, to R. K. U., A. S., R. S. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 18 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e101995 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101995 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM1OC UT WOS:000339615200032 PM 25036097 ER PT J AU Qi, PX Chau, HK Fishman, ML Wickham, ED Hotchkiss, AT AF Qi, Phoebe X. Chau, Hoa K. Fishman, Marshall L. Wickham, Edward D. Hotchkiss, Arland T. TI Investigation of molecular interactions between beta-lactoglobulin and sugar beet pectin by multi-detection HPSEC SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE beta-Lactoglobulin; Sugar beet pectin; HPSEC; Hydrodynamic properties; Ferulic acid; Molecular interactions ID PROTEIN-POLYSACCHARIDE COMPLEXES; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; LACCASE MEDIATED CONJUGATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BOVINE; STABILITY; PULP; MACROMOLECULES; SUBSTANCES; EMULSIONS AB Molecular interactions between p-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) and sugar beet pectin (SBP) were studied using online multi-detection high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) at neutral pH and 50 mM ionic strength. The hydrodynamic properties of various interacting polymer fractions were characterized in detail and compared with those of beta-LG and SBP. Results showed that similar to 6.5% (w/w) of native dimeric beta-LG molecules formed complexes with over 35% SBP molecules of varying sizes, 800, 110 and 75 kDa. Although the beta-LG molecules bind to SBP molecules of all sizes and shapes, they tend to favor the intermediate (110 kDa) and small sized (75 kDa) SBP molecules. All resulting complexes possess altered shapes and hydrodynamic properties when compared to unbound SBP and beta-LG. About half of the interacting beta-LG (similar to 3.5%) molecules were thought to bind to a small amount of non-covalently bound feruloyl groups, possibly present in SBP. When pre-heat treated beta-LG and SBP were combined, more than 16% of beta-LG formed complexes with at least 45% of SBP molecules of varying sizes, M-w similar to 750-800, 110, and 55-80 kDa. The complexes formed between beta-LG aggregates and/or oligomers and the large SBP molecules (750-800 kDa) adopt the shape of beta-LG aggregates, random coil. Both groups of complexes formed between beta-LG intermediate (110 kDa) and small sized (55-80 kDa) SBP take on the shape of rigid rod. It was speculated that half of the interacting heat-treated beta-LG molecules (similar to 8%) are complexed with non-covalently bound feruloyl groups in SBP. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Qi, Phoebe X.; Chau, Hoa K.; Fishman, Marshall L.; Wickham, Edward D.; Hotchkiss, Arland T.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Qi, PX (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Phoebe.Qi@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 EI 1879-1344 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JUL 17 PY 2014 VL 107 BP 198 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.080 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA AG0KH UT WOS:000335103900026 PM 24702936 ER PT J AU Chin, EL Mishchuk, DO Breksa, AP Slupsky, CM AF Chin, Elizabeth L. Mishchuk, Darya O. Breksa, Andrew P. Slupsky, Carolyn M. TI Metabolite Signature of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Infection in Two Citrus Varieties SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE citrus; biomarker; Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas); H-1 NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance); Huanglongbing; Citrus Greening Disease; metabolomics; sweet orange ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; REAL-TIME PCR; SWEET ORANGE; DISEASE; QUALITY; FRUIT; AMERICANUS; SINENSIS; STRESS; JUICE AB Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as Citrus Greening Disease, is caused by the bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) and is a serious threat to the citrus industry. To understand the effect of CLas infection on the citrus metabolome, juice from healthy (n = 18), FILB-asymptomatic (n = 18), and HLB-symptomatic Hamlin (n = 18), as well as from healthy (n = 18) and HLB-symptomatic (n = 18) Valencia sweet oranges (from southern and eastern Florida) were evaluated using H-1 NMR-based metabolomics. Differences in the concentration of several metabolites including phenylalanine, histidine, limonin, and synephrine between control or asymptomatic fruit and symptomatic fruit were observed regardless of the citrus variety or location. There were no clear differences between the metabolite profiles of Hamlin fruits classified by PCR as asymptomatic and control, suggesting that some of the control fruit may have been infected. Taken together, these data indicate that infection due to CLas presents a strong metabolic response that is observed across different cultivars and regions, suggesting the potential for generation of metabolite-based biomarkers of CLas infection. C1 [Chin, Elizabeth L.; Mishchuk, Darya O.; Slupsky, Carolyn M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Slupsky, Carolyn M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Breksa, Andrew P.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Slupsky, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cslupsky@ucdavis.edu FU California Citrus Research Board; Roll Global; NIH [RR011973] FX This work was supported in part by The California Citrus Research Board, and Roll Global (Fellowship to E.L.C.). Support for the Bruker Advance 600 MHz NMR comes from NIH grant RR011973. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 28 BP 6585 EP 6591 DI 10.1021/jf5017434 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AL6EZ UT WOS:000339226700011 PM 24959841 ER PT J AU Mattison, CP Desormeaux, WA Wasserman, RL Yoshioka-Tarver, M Condon, B Grimm, CC AF Mattison, Christopher P. Desormeaux, Wendy A. Wasserman, Richard L. Yoshioka-Tarver, Megumi Condon, Brian Grimm, Casey C. TI Decreased Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Binding to Cashew Allergens following Sodium Sulfite Treatment and Heating SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE allergen; allergy; cashew; protein structure; sulfite; immunoglobulin E; epitope; antibodies ID ARA H 6; NUT ANACARDIUM-OCCIDENTALE; MAJOR PEANUT ALLERGENS; CHILDHOOD FOOD ALLERGY; DISULFIDE BONDS; EFFECTOR ACTIVITY; REDUCING AGENTS; UNITED-STATES; PROTEIN; ANAPHYLAXIS AB Cashew nut and other nut allergies can result in serious and sometimes life-threatening reactions. Linear and conformational epitopes within food allergens are important for immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding. Methods that disrupt allergen structure can lower IgE binding and lessen the likelihood of food allergy reactions. Previous structural and biochemical data have indicated that 2S albumins from tree nuts and peanuts are potent allergens, and that their structures are sensitive to strong reducing agents such as dithiothreitol. This study demonstrates that the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compound sodium sulfite effectively disrupted the structure of the cashew 2S albumin, Ana o 3, in a temperature-dependent manner. This study also showed that sulfite is effective at disrupting the disulfide bond within the cashew legumin, Ana o 2. Immunoblotting and ELISA demonstrated that the binding of cashew proteins by rabbit IgG or IgE from cashew-allergic patients was markedly lowered following treatment with sodium sulfite and heating. The results indicate that incorporation of sodium sulfite, or other food grade reagents with similar redox potential, may be useful processing methods to lower or eliminate IgE binding to food allergens. C1 [Mattison, Christopher P.; Desormeaux, Wendy A.; Condon, Brian; Grimm, Casey C.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Wasserman, Richard L.] Univ Texas Southwestern Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Allergy Immunol Res Ctr North Texas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Yoshioka-Tarver, Megumi] Southem Univ & A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. RP Mattison, CP (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM chris.mattison@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; Allergy/Immunology Research Center of North Texas FX This research was supported by funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and the Allergy/Immunology Research Center of North Texas. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or companies in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 28 BP 6746 EP 6755 DI 10.1021/jf501117p PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AL6EZ UT WOS:000339226700029 PM 24926808 ER PT J AU Freedman, LS Commins, JM Moler, JE Arab, L Baer, DJ Kipnis, V Midthune, D Moshfegh, AJ Neuhouser, ML Prentice, RL Schatzkin, A Spiegelman, D Subar, AF Tinker, LF Willett, W AF Freedman, Laurence S. Commins, John M. Moler, James E. Arab, Lenore Baer, David J. Kipnis, Victor Midthune, Douglas Moshfegh, Alanna J. Neuhouser, Marian L. Prentice, Ross L. Schatzkin, Arthur Spiegelman, Donna Subar, Amy F. Tinker, Lesley F. Willett, Walter TI Pooled Results From 5 Validation Studies of Dietary Self-Report Instruments Using Recovery Biomarkers for Energy and Protein Intake SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 24-hour recall; attenuation factors; calibration equations; dietary measurement error; food frequency questionnaire; under-reporting ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; FAILURE TIME REGRESSION; MEASUREMENT ERROR; CALIBRATION; CANCER; RISK; REPRODUCIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RELIABILITY; COLLECTION AB We pooled data from 5 large validation studies of dietary self-report instruments that used recovery biomarkers as references to clarify the measurement properties of food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour recalls. The studies were conducted in widely differing US adult populations from 1999 to 2009. We report on total energy, protein, and protein density intakes. Results were similar across sexes, but there was heterogeneity across studies. Using a FFQ, the average correlation coefficients for reported versus true intakes for energy, protein, and protein density were 0.21, 0.29, and 0.41, respectively. Using a single 24-hour recall, the coefficients were 0.26, 0.40, and 0.36, respectively, for the same nutrients and rose to 0.31, 0.49, and 0.46 when three 24-hour recalls were averaged. The average rate of under-reporting of energy intake was 28% with a FFQ and 15% with a single 24-hour recall, but the percentages were lower for protein. Personal characteristics related to under-reporting were body mass index, educational level, and age. Calibration equations for true intake that included personal characteristics provided improved prediction. This project establishes that FFQs have stronger correlations with truth for protein density than for absolute protein intake, that the use of multiple 24-hour recalls substantially increases the correlations when compared with a single 24-hour recall, and that body mass index strongly predicts under-reporting of energy and protein intakes. C1 [Freedman, Laurence S.; Commins, John M.; Moler, James E.] Informat Management Syst Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Freedman, Laurence S.] Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Biostat Unit, Tel Hashomer, Israel. [Arab, Lenore] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Baer, David J.; Moshfegh, Alanna J.] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Kipnis, Victor; Midthune, Douglas] NCI, Biometry Res Grp, Canc Prevent Div, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Neuhouser, Marian L.; Prentice, Ross L.; Tinker, Lesley F.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Schatzkin, Arthur] NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Spiegelman, Donna; Willett, Walter] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Spiegelman, Donna; Willett, Walter] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Spiegelman, Donna] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Subar, Amy F.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Willett, Walter] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Div Network Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Willett, Walter] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Freedman, LS (reprint author), Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Biostat Unit, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. EM lsf@actcom.co.il OI Moler, James/0000-0001-8738-6898 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN268201100046C, HHSN2682011 00001C, HHSN268201100002C, HHSN268201100003C, HHSN268201100004C, HHSN271201100004C] FX The Women's Health Initiative program is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services through contracts HHSN268201100046C, HHSN2682011 00001C, HHSN268201100002C, HHSN268201100003C, HHSN268201100004C, and HHSN271201100004C. NR 38 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 180 IS 2 BP 172 EP 188 DI 10.1093/aje/kwu116 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AM4FM UT WOS:000339808700006 PM 24918187 ER PT J AU Tian, SY Youssef, MA Amatya, DM Vance, ED AF Tian, Shiying Youssef, Mohamed A. Amatya, Devendra M. Vance, Eric D. TI Global sensitivity analysis of DRAINMOD-FOREST, an integrated forest ecosystem model SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE global sensitivity analysis; forest ecosystem model; DRAINMOD-FOREST; forest hydrology; biogeochemistry; plant growth ID PINE PINUS-TAEDA; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; NITROGEN SIMULATION-MODEL; PLANT-WATER RELATIONS; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; LONG-TERM GROWTH; LOBLOLLY-PINE; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Global sensitivity analysis is a useful tool to understand process-based ecosystem models by identifying key parameters and processes controlling model predictions. This study reported a comprehensive global sensitivity analysis for DRAINMOD-FOREST, an integrated model for simulating water, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) cycles and plant growth in lowland forests. The analysis was carried out for multiple long-term model predictions of hydrology, biogeochemistry, and plant growth. Results showed that long-term mean hydrological predictions were highly sensitive to several key plant physiological parameters. Long-term mean annual soil organic C content and mineralization rate were mainly controlled by temperature-related parameters for soil organic matter decomposition. Mean annual forest productivity and N uptake were found to be mainly dependent upon plant production-related parameters, including canopy quantum use efficiency and carbon use efficiency. Mean annual nitrate loss was highly sensitive to parameters controlling both hydrology and plant production, while mean annual dissolved organic nitrogen loss was controlled by parameters associated with its production and physical sorption. Parameters controlling forest production, C allocation, and specific leaf area highly affected long-term mean annual leaf area. Results of this study could help minimize the efforts needed for calibrating DRAINMOD-FOREST. Meanwhile, this study demonstrates the critical role of plants in regulating water, C, and N cycles in forest ecosystems and highlights the necessity of incorporating a dynamic plant growth model for comprehensively simulating hydrological and biogeochemical processes. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Tian, Shiying; Youssef, Mohamed A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, DS Weaver Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Amatya, Devendra M.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, USDA, Cordesville, SC 29434 USA. [Vance, Eric D.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tian, SY (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, DS Weaver Labs, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM stian.tsy@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service; Southern Research Station; Center for Forested Wetlands Research (Federal Grant) through National Council for Air & Stream Improvement (NCASI), Inc. [06-CA-11330 135-173] FX This work was supported in part by funds provided by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, and Center for Forested Wetlands Research (Federal Grant #06-CA-11330 135-173) through funds provided by the National Council for Air & Stream Improvement (NCASI), Inc. NR 133 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 15 BP 4389 EP 4410 DI 10.1002/hyp.9948 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AM2YL UT WOS:000339717500001 ER PT J AU Flower, A Gavin, DG Heyerdahl, EK Parsons, RA Cohn, GM AF Flower, A. Gavin, D. G. Heyerdahl, E. K. Parsons, R. A. Cohn, G. M. TI Drought-triggered western spruce budworm outbreaks in the interior Pacific Northwest: A multi-century dendrochronological record SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Western spruce budworm; Defoliators; Insect outbreaks; Dendrochronology; Drought; Pacific Northwest ID CHORISTONEURA-OCCIDENTALIS LEPIDOPTERA; TREE-RING RECONSTRUCTION; FIR TUSSOCK MOTH; DOUGLAS-FIR; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RADIAL GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS AB Douglas-fir forests in the interior Pacific Northwest are subject to sporadic outbreaks of the western spruce budworm, a species widely recognized as the most destructive defoliator in western North America. Outbreaks of the western spruce budworm often occur synchronously over broad regions and lead to widespread loss of leaf area and decrease in growth rates in affected stands. In spite of the ecological and economic significance of this defoliator, the mechanisms controlling this species' population dynamics are still not fully understood. We used dendrochronological methods to reconstruct three centuries of western spruce budworm outbreaks at thirteen sites along a transect running from central Oregon to western Montana and compared the outbreak reconstructions with regional drought history. The reconstructions reveal repeated western spruce budworm outbreaks that sometimes persisted more than a decade and were significantly synchronous among sites. Synchrony was higher in the second half of the record, possibly due to changes in forest composition and structure brought about by land use practices. Across stands and regions, there was a moderately strong relationship between initiation of synchronous outbreaks and periods of transitional climate conditions in which moisture availability was below average prior to outbreak initiation, but above average in the first few years of an outbreak. There was a weak relationship between cessation of outbreaks and one or more years of high moisture availability. Outbreaks tended to occur near the end of droughts. The association between climatic variability and outbreak dynamics observed across this transect indicates that climate is an important driver of western spruce budworm outbreaks. Other factors that we did not test, but that may influence outbreak dynamics include stand structure, forest composition, predation, and phenological synchrony between larvae and host trees. Future changes in western spruce budworm outbreak dynamics will be determined by a combination of changing climate, interactions with other disturbance agents, and changing forest composition and structure. Our results suggest that western spruce budworm outbreaks will likely intensify if drought frequency increases in the future. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Flower, A.; Gavin, D. G.] 1251 Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Heyerdahl, E. K.; Parsons, R. A.; Cohn, G. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Flower, A (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Studies, 516 High St,MS 9085, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM Aquila.Flower@wwu.edu RI Gavin, Daniel/C-9214-2009 OI Gavin, Daniel/0000-0001-8743-3949 FU USDA/USDI Joint Fire Science Program [09-1-06-5]; Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture [09-JV-11221637]; University of Oregon FX J. Egan, P. Bartlein, and B. Roy provided helpful comments on this manuscript. We thank Branden Rishel, Elisabeth Schneider, Samuel Somerville, Richard Johnson, and Morgana Tyndall for their assistance with lab and field work. Our research was supported in part by funds provided by the USDA/USDI Joint Fire Science Program as Project 09-1-06-5, the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture under Research Joint Venture Agreement 09-JV-11221637, and by the University of Oregon. NR 82 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 324 BP 16 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.042 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL4UE UT WOS:000339129500003 ER PT J AU Hudson, JR Hanula, JL Horn, S AF Hudson, Jacob R. Hanula, James L. Horn, Scott TI Impacts of removing Chinese privet from riparian forests on plant communities and tree growth five years later SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive plants; Chinese privet; Plant communities; Tree growth; Reinvasion ID LIGUSTRUM-SINENSE; LONICERA-MAACKII; BOX ELDER; INVASION; RESTORATION; SHRUB; ASSOCIATIONS; MANAGEMENT; UNDERSTORY; VEGETATION AB An invasive shrub, Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.), was removed from heavily infested riparian forests in the Georgia Piedmont in 2005 by mulching machine or chainsaw felling. Subsequent herbicide treatment eliminated almost all privet by 2007. Recovery of plant communities, return of Chinese privet, and canopy tree growth were measured on removal plots and heavily invaded control plots in 2012 approximately five years after complete removal of privet. Plant communities were also measured on three 'desired future condition' plots which were never heavily infested with privet. These areas provided a goal condition for plant communities on removal plots. Approximately 7% of mulched plots and 3% of felling plots were re-infested by Chinese privet. In contrast, non-privet herbaceous plants covered 70% of mulched plots and 60% of felling plots compared to only 20% of untreated control plots and 70% in desired plots. Both mulched and felled plots had more plant species than the control plots, and mulched plots had more species than felled plots. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination indicated that control, removal, and desired future condition plots had three distinct plant communities but the methods used to remove privet did not result in different communities. There was no difference in growth of canopy trees in removal and control plots five years after removal. Removing Chinese privet from riparian areas is beneficial to plant communities, promoting biodiversity and secondary succession while progressing toward a desired condition regardless of the method used to remove it. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hudson, Jacob R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hanula, James L.; Horn, Scott] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hudson, JR (reprint author), 972 Philadelphia Rd, Deville, LA 71328 USA. EM jrhudson777@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service, Special Technology Development Program; USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station's research work unit, SRS 4552, Insects, Diseases, and Invasive Plants FX We thank Mike Cody, Lake Maner, and Chris Crowe for field assistance, and K. Braman and D. Batzer for helpful suggestions on earlier drafts of this paper. We also thank the State Botanical Garden of Georgia, Sandy Creek Nature Center, the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, and the Oconee National Forest for allowing us to work on their property. Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Special Technology Development Program and the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station's research work unit, SRS 4552, Insects, Diseases, and Invasive Plants. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 324 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.04.013 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL4UE UT WOS:000339129500012 ER PT J AU Rehfeldt, GE Jaquish, BC Lopez-Upton, J Saenz-Romero, C St Clair, JB Leites, LP Joyce, DG AF Rehfeldt, Gerald E. Jaquish, Barry C. Lopez-Upton, Javier Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc St Clair, J. Bradley Leites, Laura P. Joyce, Dennis G. TI Comparative genetic responses to climate for the varieties of Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii: Realized climate niches SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Niche modeling; Climate change impacts; Douglas-fir; Ponderosa pine; Biogeography; Genecology ID DOUGLAS-FIR; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; SUITABLE HABITAT; CHANGING CLIMATE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; VEGETATION; IMPACTS AB The Random Forests classification algorithm was used to predict the occurrence of the realized climate niche for two sub-specific varieties of Pinus ponderosa and three varieties of Pseudotsuga menziesii from presence-absence data in forest inventory ground plots. Analyses were based on ca. 271,000 observations for P. ponderosa and ca. 426,000 observations for P. menziesii, with ca. 6% of the observations in each dataset recording the presence of one of the varieties. Classification errors to the respective databases attributable to fitting the models were ca. 5%, most of which were from falsely predicting varietal occurrence. Confusion in classifying varieties was nil. The primary drivers of the niche model were summer precipitation, winter precipitation and summer degree-days >5 C for the varieties of P. ponderosa and the summer-winter temperature differential, summer maximum temperatures and summer precipitation for the varieties of P. menziesii. Projected impacts of global warming using output from an ensemble of 17 general circulation models were greater for P. ponderosa than for P. menziesii and for varieties of both species from inland climates than from coastal. Projected impacts imply dire consequences for the varieties of P. menziesii occurring in Mexico. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rehfeldt, Gerald E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Jaquish, Barry C.] BC Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resource Operat, Res Branch, Kalamalka Forestry Ctr, Vernon, BC V1B 2C7, Canada. [Lopez-Upton, Javier] Colegio Postgrad, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. [Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc] Univ Michoacana, Inst Invest Agr & Forestales, Tarimbaro 58880, Michoacan, Mexico. [St Clair, J. Bradley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Leites, Laura P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rehfeldt, GE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM jrehfeldt@gmail.com; barry.jaquish@gov.bc.ca; jlopezupton@gmail.com; csaenzromero@gmail.com; bstclair@fs.fed.us; lpl3@psu.edu; dennis.joyce@vianet.ca NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 324 BP 126 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.02.035 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL4UE UT WOS:000339129500015 ER PT J AU Rehfeldt, GE Leites, LP St Clair, JB Jaquish, BC Saenz-Romero, C Lopez-Upton, J Joyce, DG AF Rehfeldt, Gerald E. Leites, Laura P. St Clair, J. Bradley Jaquish, Barry C. Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc Lopez-Upton, Javier Joyce, Dennis G. TI Comparative genetic responses to climate in the varieties of Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii: Clines in growth potential SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Genetic variation; Climate-change impacts; Genecology; Mixed effects models; Provenance tests ID VAR GLAUCA POPULATIONS; DOUGLAS-FIR; ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS; TREE POPULATIONS; FUTURE CLIMATES; NORTH-AMERICA; PROVENANCE; OREGON; DIFFERENTIATION; PERFORMANCE AB Height growth data were assembled from 10 Pinus ponderosa and 17 Pseudotsuga menziesii provenance tests. Data from the disparate studies were scaled according to climate similarities of the provenances to provide single datasets for 781 P. ponderosa and 1193 P. menziesii populations. Mixed effects models were used for two sub-specific varieties of each species to describe dines in growth potential associated with provenance climate while accounting for study effects not eliminated by scaling. Variables related to winter temperatures controlled genetic variation within the varieties of both species. Clines were converted to climatypes by classifying genetic variation, using variation within provenances in relation to the slope of the dine to determine climatype breadth. Climatypes were broader in varieties of P. ponderosa than in P. menziesii and were broader for varieties inhabiting coastal regions of both species than for varieties from interior regions. Projected impacts of climate change on adaptedness used output from an ensemble of 17 general circulation models. Impacts were dependent on dine steepness and climatype breadth but implied that maintaining adaptedness of populations to future climates will require a redistribution of genotypes across forested landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rehfeldt, Gerald E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Leites, Laura P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [St Clair, J. Bradley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jaquish, Barry C.] BC Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resource Operat, Res Branch, Kalamalka Forestry Ctr, Vernon, BC V1B 2C7, Canada. [Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc] Univ Michoacana, Inst Invest Agr & Forestales, Tarimbaro 58880, Michoacan, Mexico. [Lopez-Upton, Javier] Colegio Postgrad, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. RP Rehfeldt, GE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM jrehfeldt@gmail.com; lpl3@psu.edu; bstclair@fs.fed.us; barry.jaquish@gov.bc.ca; csaenzromero@gmail.com; jlopezupton@gmail.com; dennis.joyce@vianet.ca NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 324 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.02.041 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL4UE UT WOS:000339129500016 ER PT J AU Rehfeldt, GE Jaquish, BC Saenz-Romero, C Joyce, DG Leites, LP St Clair, JB Lopez-Upton, J AF Rehfeldt, Gerald E. Jaquish, Barry C. Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc Joyce, Dennis G. Leites, Laura P. St Clair, J. Bradley Lopez-Upton, Javier TI Comparative genetic responses to climate in the varieties of Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii: Reforestation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Management strategies; Climate-change impacts; Douglas-fir; Ponderosa pine; Seed transfer guidelines ID ASSISTED MIGRATION; CHANGING CLIMATE; CANADIAN FORESTS; RANGE SHIFTS; DOUGLAS-FIR; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; IMPLEMENTATION; MANAGEMENT; CONTORTA AB Impacts of climate change on the climatic niche of the sub-specific varieties of Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii and on the adaptedness of their populations are considered from the viewpoint of reforestation. In using climate projections from an ensemble of 17 general circulation models targeting the decade surrounding 2060, our analyses suggest that a portion of the lands occupied today primarily by coastal varieties of each species contain genotypes that should remain suitable for the future climate. A much larger portion, particularly for varieties occupying inland sites, should require either introduction of better suited species or conversion to better adapted genotypes. Regeneration strategies are considered with the goal of matching growth potential of contemporary populations to the future climate where that potential can be realized. For some lands, natural reproduction should be suitable, but most lands will require forest renewal to maintain forest health, growth, and productivity. Projected impacts also illustrate the urgent need for conservation programs for P. menziesii in Mexico. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rehfeldt, Gerald E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Jaquish, Barry C.] BC Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resource Operat, Res Branch, Kalamalka Forestry Ctr, Vernon, BC V1B 2C7, Canada. [Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc] Univ Michoacana, Inst Invest Agr & Forestales, Tarimbaro 58880, Michoacan, Mexico. [Leites, Laura P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [St Clair, J. Bradley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lopez-Upton, Javier] Colegio Postgrad, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. RP Rehfeldt, GE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM jrehfeldt@gmail.com; barry.jaquish@gov.bc.ca; csaenzromero@gmail.com; dennis.joyce@vianet.ca; lpl3@psu.edu; bstclair@fs.fed.us; jlopezupton@gmail.com NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 324 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.02.040 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL4UE UT WOS:000339129500017 ER PT J AU King, DI Schlossberg, S AF King, David I. Schlossberg, Scott TI Synthesis of the conservation value of the early-successional stage in forests of eastern North America SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bird; Conservation; Habitat; Management; Shrubland; Succession ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; BIRD SPECIES-DIVERSITY; SPRUCE-FIR FORESTS; SHRUBLAND BIRDS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; HABITAT USE; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS; NATURAL DISTURBANCES AB As a result of changes in natural and anthropogenic disturbance regimes, the extent of early-successional forest across much of eastern North American is near historic lows, and continues to decline. This has caused many scientists to identify the conservation of early-successional species as a high priority. In this synthesis, we discuss the conservation implications of this loss of early-successional habitats using examples from the literature on songbirds. Early-successional "shrubland" bird species require conditions and resources present in recently disturbed sites. These conditions are ephemeral and change rapidly over time as sites become dominated by later-seral species. Historical disturbance regimes such as wind-throw, fire and flooding have been altered or suppressed in eastern forests through human activity such as conversion of forests to younger aged stands more resistant to wind, fire suppression and mesophication of fire-adapted communities, and suppression of beaver activity and flooding. Furthermore, anthropogenic disturbance has shifted over much of the region to types of land use that provide less shrubland habitat of lower quality than historically. Despite scientific evidence in support of this concern, there is still misunderstanding about the role of disturbance in maintaining biodiversity, and public opposition to management remains a challenge to conserving these communities. Contemporary approaches use natural disturbance regimes to inform management practices that employ historical agents where possible or surrogates when necessary to achieve desired future conditions defined on the basis of regional population or community status. Conservation of early-successional communities occurs within the context of other potentially conflicting ecological values, such as the conservation and enhancement of biologically mature forest. Recent findings, however, show shrubland habitat can augment diversity in forested landscapes by providing seasonal resources for mature-forest species, such as food or predator-free space for juvenile forest songbirds that seek out early-successional habitats during the transition to independence. Balancing the conservation of early-successional shrubland species with other, sometimes conflicting values is an active area of current conservation research. In some cases the conservation of shrubland birds can be coordinated with commercial activities like silviculture or maintenance of infrastructure (e.g. powerline corridors), although our work indicates that deliberate efforts expressly directed at conservation of early-successional shrubland species are more effective. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [King, David I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA USA. [Schlossberg, Scott] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, 201 Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dking@fs.fed.us FU National Resources Conservation Service Resource Inventory and Assessment Division FX We thank the National Resources Conservation Service Resource Inventory and Assessment Division for supporting this research, and R. DeGraaf, J. Scanlon, C. Costello and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 110 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 17 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 324 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.12.001 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL4UE UT WOS:000339129500022 ER PT J AU Karl, JP Fu, XY Dolnikowski, GG Saltzman, E Booth, SL AF Karl, J. Philip Fu, Xueyan Dolnikowski, Gregory G. Saltzman, Edward Booth, Sarah L. TI Quantification of phylloquinone and menaquinones in feces, serum, and food by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE High-performance liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Solid-phase extraction; Microbiota; Bacteria; Vitamin K ID PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; VITAMIN-K; FLUOROMETRIC DETECTION; ISOPRENOID QUINONES; HUMAN PLASMA; PRODUCTS; DAIRY; IDENTIFICATION; UBIQUINONES; METABOLITE AB Vitamin K, comprising phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinones (MKn), is a family of vitamers found in multiple biological and environmental matrices. Advancing emerging evidence for novel and distinct physiologic roles of these vitamers in human health and disease necessitates sensitive and selective methods for quantifying PK and MKn in these matrices. We developed a novel method employing high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LC-APCI-MS) for simultaneous quantification of 11 vitamin K vitamers that can be applied in feces, serum and food. Minimal detectable concentrations of vitamin K vitamers ranged from I pmol/g to 30 pmol/g. Limits of quantification ranged from 5 pmol/g to 90 pmol/g. Inter-assay and intra-assay variations were <17% and <8%, respectively, in food, and <12% and <8%, respectively, in feces. Recovery exceeded 80% for all vitamers in both food and feces. The method successfully quantified PK and MKn concentrations in rat chow, feces and serum. In summary, this LC-APCI-MS method provides a sensitive and selective tool for quantifying vitamin K vitamers in feces, serum and food. This method can be applied in human and animal studies examining the role of vitamin K vitamers derived from the diet and gut bacteria synthesis in health and disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Karl, J. Philip; Fu, Xueyan; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Vitamin K Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Karl, J. Philip; Saltzman, Edward] Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dolnikowski, Gregory G.] Tufts Univ, Mass Spectrometry Unit, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vitamin K Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Sarah.booth@tufts.edu OI Karl, J. Philip/0000-0002-5871-2241 FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement [58-1950-7-707]; Science, Mathematics, and Research Transformation Defense Education Program FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. JPK was supported by the Science, Mathematics, and Research Transformation Defense Education Program. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 EI 1873-376X J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 963 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.056 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AL4VA UT WOS:000339131700018 PM 24956079 ER PT J AU Ryan, SE Bishop, EL Daniels, JM AF Ryan, Sandra E. Bishop, Erica L. Daniels, J. Michael TI Influence of large wood on channel morphology and sediment storage in headwater mountain streams, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluvial geomorphology; Mountain streams; Instream large wood; Sediment storage; Colorado USA ID SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; OREGON COAST RANGE; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; REACH MORPHOLOGY; ORGANIC DEBRIS; USA; WESTERN; WASHINGTON; DYNAMICS AB Large fallen wood can have a significant impact on channel form and process in forested mountain streams. In this study, four small channels on the Fraser Experimental Forest near Fraser, Colorado, USA, were surveyed for channel geometries and large wood loading, including the size, source, and characteristics of individual pieces. The study is part of a larger effort to understand the impact of mountain pine beetle infestation on a suite of watershed properties. Here, we present baseline data collected at the onset of widespread tree mortality. Channels range from 1.5 to 2 m in width, with slopes ranging from 3 to >10%. Median (D-50) streambed particle sizes range from gravel to very coarse gravel. Channels are characterized as cascade, step-pool, and plane bed over varying scales. Large wood loads ranged from about 0.4 to 1.0 piece per meter length of channel, which is comparable to values reported for other Colorado sites. Much of the wood showed indications of being in place for long periods of time (decayed/rotten, broken into ramps, and partially buried in beds and banks). Nearly all surveyed reaches contained steps formed from small boulders and/or logs. Significant portions of the elevation drop in some of the reaches were made up by log steps, though the percentages varied (0 to 60%). Individual log steps trap a portion of the coarse sediment moved as bedload, forming wedge-shaped accumulations upstream of the logs. The particle size distributions for measured bedload and step accumulations largely overlapped, but more so for the coarse ends of the distributions, suggesting a trapping inefficiency for the finer component of bedload. Estimates of the total volume of sediment stored behind log steps were approximately an order of magnitude greater than the mean sediment volume exported on an annual basis, as determined from measured accumulations in weir ponds. The particle size distribution of sediment in the ponds - ranging from sand to medium gravel - is considerably finer than sediment stored in steps. The series of comparisons between storage volumes, particle size distributions, and sediment export suggests that log steps effectively trap coarse sediment moved in these small streams and act as a series of check dams that inhibit channel erosion, but may be less effective at trapping finer sediment (sand and small gravel). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ryan, Sandra E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bishop, Erica L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog & Recreat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Daniels, J. Michael] Univ Denver, Dept Geog & Environm, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Ryan, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM sryanburkett@fs.fed.us FU U.S Forest Service (Office of the Chief); U.S Forest Service (Rocky Mountain Research Station); University of Wyoming FX The study was funded by the U.S Forest Service (Office of the Chief and Rocky Mountain Research Station) and the University of Wyoming. We thank Bryce Marston and Christine King for their efforts during data collection and field work, Laurie Forth for her assistance with Fraser Experimental Forest historical data access, and Scott Baggett for his input on the statistical content. We also thank 3 anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and thorough review of the submitted manuscript. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 217 BP 73 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.03.046 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AL0LP UT WOS:000338818700007 ER PT J AU Daigneault, BW McNamara, KA Purdy, PH Krisher, RL Knox, RV Miller, DJ AF Daigneault, Bradford W. McNamara, Kelli A. Purdy, Phillip H. Krisher, Rebecca L. Knox, Robert V. Miller, David J. TI Novel and traditional traits of frozen-thawed porcine sperm related to in vitro fertilization success SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IVF; Sperm; Cryopreserved; Motility; Oviduct; Acrosome ID BOAR SEMEN; PIG OOCYTES; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; OVIDUCTAL EPITHELIUM; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; SPERMATOZOA; BINDING; FERTILITY; CAPACITATION; EFFICIENCY AB Cryopreserved semen allows the use of single ejaculates for repeated analyses, potentially improving IVF consistency by eliminating interejaculate variability observed with fresh semen. However, the freezing and thawing processes result in compromised sperm function and IVF success. Semen samples are often screened for motility before use for IVF. Samples that are below a designated motility threshold may be discarded. Our objectives were to determine if post-thaw sperm motility, other traits that may be indicative of sperm function, or a novel assay of oviduct binding were related to IVF success. Semen from 16 boars was cooled to 15 degrees C for overnight shipment before cryopreservation. Semen was thawed and motility was recorded microscopically and confirmed using computer-automated sperm assessment. Each sample was tested by IVF in two to three independent replicates. Regression and correlation analyses were employed to determine the interrelationships between sperm traits and the relationships between post-thaw motility, sperm-oviduct binding and IVF outcomes. Among the sperm traits examined, sperm acrosome integrity was negatively correlated with post-thaw motility (r(2) = 0.64) but not with IVF results. The number of sperm bound to oviduct aggregates was correlated with IVF polyspermy rates (r(2) = 0.62, P < 0.05) but less with overall IVF rates (r(2) = 0.31, P > 0.10). There was some relationship of post-thaw motility with IVF monospermic fertilization (P = 0.06, r(2) = 0.08) but not to other IVF outcomes. Our results indicate that post-thaw motility of frozen-thawed boar sperm is strongly related to acrosome integrity but has limited use for predicting IVF success. The number of sperm bound to oviduct cells was related to IVF polyspermy rates and may be more indicative of in vitro sperm function than traditional sperm motility and acrosome status evaluation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Daigneault, Bradford W.; McNamara, Kelli A.; Krisher, Rebecca L.; Knox, Robert V.; Miller, David J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Purdy, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Miller, DJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 328 Mumford Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM djmille@illinois.edu FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive from United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-85112-20620] FX Fresh porcine semen was provided by the University of Illinois Imported Swine Research Lab (Champaign, IL, USA), managed by Jonathan Mosley. Ovaries were provided by Momence Packing Co. (Momence, IL, USA). Oviducts were provided by Rantoul Foods (Rantoul, IL, USA). Drs. Elena Silva, Ye Yuan, and Marlon Ocampo provided intellectual support and Dr. Sandra Rodriguez-Zas provided statistical advice. This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive grant no. 2010-85112-20620 from the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture to Robert V. Knox. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 82 IS 2 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.04.006 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA AJ7AM UT WOS:000337849400011 PM 24839923 ER PT J AU Falkenberg, SM Johnson, C Bauermann, FV McGill, J Palmer, MV Sacco, RE Ridpath, JF AF Falkenberg, S. M. Johnson, C. Bauermann, F. V. McGill, J. Palmer, M. V. Sacco, R. E. Ridpath, J. F. TI Changes observed in the thymus and lymph nodes 14 days after exposure to BVDV field strains of enhanced or typical virulence in neonatal calves SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Lymphoid depletion; Immune ID BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; T-LYMPHOCYTES; VIRUS; ANTIGEN; LESIONS; CATTLE AB Clinical presentation following uncomplicated acute infection with bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) ranges from clinically unapparent to severe (including hemorrhagic disease and death) depending on the strain virulence. Regardless of clinical presentation, BVDV infection of cattle results in a generalized immunosuppression. BVDV immunosuppression is characterized by a reduction of circulating white blood cells (WBC) that is typically evident by day 3 post infection (PI). In infections with typical BVDV field strains WBC counts decrease until days 6-9 PI and then return to baseline values. In infections with enhanced virulence BVDV, WBC counts may continue to decline through day 14. In this study, the lymph nodes and thymus of non-infected neonatal calves and neonatal calves infected 14 days previously with either a BVDV of typical virulence or one of enhanced virulence were compared. It was found that while calves, infected with the typical virulence BVDV, had cleared BVDV, and WBC counts had returned to near baseline, the number of B-B7(+) cells in lymph nodes were reduced whereas numbers of CD4+ cells were increased as compared to control calves. In contrast, calves infected with the high virulence strain, had not cleared the virus by day 14 and WBC counts had not returned to pre-exposure levels. Furthermore, these calves had more substantial deficits of B-B7(+). and CD4+ cell subpopulations, compared to calves infected with a typical virulence strain. There were also an increased number of macrophages observed in both lymphoid tissues examined. The thymuses from both groups of BVDV-infected calves were significantly smaller than non-infected age matched calves. The reduction in size was accompanied by a significant depletion of the thymic cortex. These results indicate that regardless of the virulence of the infecting BVDV, infection leaves neonatal calves with deficits in specific lymphocyte subsets and lymphoid tissues that could have long-term immunosuppressive implications. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Falkenberg, S. M.; Bauermann, F. V.; McGill, J.; Sacco, R. E.; Ridpath, J. F.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Johnson, C.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Palmer, M. V.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Falkenberg, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM shollie.falkenberg@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 160 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.03.018 PG 11 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA AJ7HE UT WOS:000337867000008 PM 24809640 ER PT J AU Albaugh, JM Domec, JC Maier, CA Sucre, EB Leggett, ZH King, JS AF Albaugh, Janine M. Domec, Jean-Christophe Maier, Chris A. Sucre, Eric B. Leggett, Zakiya H. King, John S. TI Gas exchange and stand-level estimates of water use and gross primary productivity in an experimental pine and switchgrass intercrop forestry system on the Lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina, USA SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Panicum virgatum; Bioenergy; Pinus taeda; Intercropping; Transpiration Gross primary productivity ID NET CARBON EXCHANGE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; C-4 PLANTS; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; LEAF NITROGEN; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; SITE PREPARATION AB Despite growing interest in using switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L) as a biofuel, there are limited data on the physiology of this species and its effect on stand water use and carbon (C) assimilation when grown as a forest intercrop for bioenergy. Therefore, we quantified gas exchange rates of switchgrass within intercropped plots and in pure switchgrass plots during its second growing season in an intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) plantation in North Carolina. Switchgrass physiology was characterized over the growing season from June to October 2010 in terms of photosynthesis (p,mol m(-2) s(-1)), stomatal conductance (mmol m-2 s-1), and assimilation responses to photosynthetic photon flux density and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (CO2). We then used a process-based model of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum to scale leaf-level gas exchange data to provide estimates of pine and switchgrass stand-level water use (mm) and carbon exchange (g Cm-2) over a three-year period. Peak switchgrass photosynthesis (32.7 +/- 0.9 p,mol m(-2) s(-1)) and stomatal conductance (252 12 mmol m(-2) s(-1)) rates were measured in July, with minimum values (18.7 +/- 1.4 mu mol m(-2) s-1 and 104 +/- 6 mmol m(-2) s(-1), respectively) recorded at the end of the growing season (October). Switchgrass gas exchange and parameter estimates from the light- and CO2 response curves did not vary between treatments. However, gas exchange values differed significantly between measurement dates. Model predictions of stand-level transpiration ranged from 287 to 431 mm year(-1) for pine and from 245 to 296 mm year(-1) for switchgrass. Annual C exchange for loblolly pine ranged from 1165 to 1903 g m(-2) compared to 1386 to 1594 g m(-2) for switchgrass. At this stage of stand development, no effect of inter-cropping was evident and there was no effect of distance from the nearest pine row on any switchgrass gas exchange variable measured. However, we anticipate that as this intercropped system develops over time, competition for resources such as light, water or nitrogen may change, with the potential to impact switchgrass physiology and biomass production. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Albaugh, Janine M.; Domec, Jean-Christophe; King, John S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Domec, Jean-Christophe] Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sci Agro UMR INRA TCEM 1220, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. [Maier, Chris A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sucre, Eric B.; Leggett, Zakiya H.] Weyerhaeuser NR Co, Vanceboro, NC 28586 USA. RP Albaugh, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Janine.Albaugh@gmail.com FU USDA NIFA-AFRI Sustainable Bioenergy [2011-67009-20089]; USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center grant JVA; DOE-BER Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences program [11-DE-SC-0006700, -ER65189] FX We gratefully acknowledge Weyerhaeuser NR Company and Catchlight Energy LLC for establishing this field experiment and for providing research support. Additional funding for research was provided by USDA NIFA-AFRI Sustainable Bioenergy grant number 2011-67009-20089 and USDA Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center grant JVA. Additional support for J-C. Domec was provided by the DOE-BER Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences program, grant 11-DE-SC-0006700, -ER65189. We are grateful to Samuel Honeycutt and Daniel McInnis for help in the field, and to Aletta Davis for assistance in the laboratory. Weyer-haeuser employees (Drs. Eric Sucre and Zakiya Leggett) worked as Catch light Energy, LLC Service Providers under a Statement of Work during this research. NR 105 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 192 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.02.013 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0JX UT WOS:000335806300004 ER PT J AU Kim, D Oren, R Oishi, AC Hsieh, CI Phillips, N Novick, KA Stoy, PC AF Kim, Dohyoung Oren, Ram Oishi, A. Christopher Hsieh, Cheng-I Phillips, Nathan Novick, Kimberly A. Stoy, Paul C. TI Sensitivity of stand transpiration to wind velocity in a mixed broadleaved deciduous forest (vol 187, pg 62, 2014) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Kim, Dohyoung; Oren, Ram; Oishi, A. Christopher] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Oren, Ram] Swedish Univ Agri cultural Sci SLU, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Hsieh, Cheng-I] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioenvironm Syst Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Phillips, Nathan] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Novick, Kimberly A.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Stoy, Paul C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Oishi, A. Christopher] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Kim, D (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM kein1331@gmail.com NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 192 BP 41 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.02.012 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0JX UT WOS:000335806300005 ER PT J AU Butnor, JR Campbell, JL Shanley, JB Zarnoch, SJ AF Butnor, John R. Campbell, John L. Shanley, James B. Zarnoch, Stanley J. TI Measuring soil frost depth in forest ecosystems with ground penetrating radar SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE GPR; Forest; Frozen soil; Nondestructive; Soil frost ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; AIR-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; SNOW REMOVAL; FROZEN SOIL; NITROGEN; MANIPULATION; CHEMISTRY AB Soil frost depth in forest ecosystems can be variable and depends largely on early winter air temperatures and the amount and timing of snowfall. A thorough evaluation of ecological responses to seasonally frozen ground is hampered by our inability to adequately characterize the frequency, depth, duration and intensity of soil frost events. We evaluated the use of ground penetrating radar to nondestructively delineate soil frost under field conditions in three forest ecosystems. Soil frost depth was monitored periodically using a 900 MHz antenna in South Burlington, Vermont (SB), Sleepers River Watershed, North Danville, Vermont (SR) and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire (HBEF) during winter 2011-2012 on plots with snow and cleared of snow. GPR-based estimates were compared to data from thermistors and frost tubes, which estimate soil frost depth with a color indicating solution. In the absence of snow, frost was initially detected at a depth of 8-10 cm. Dry snow up to 35 cm deep, enhanced near-surface frost detection, raising the minimum frost detection depth to 4-5 cm. The most favorable surface conditions for GPR detection were bare soil or shallow dry snow where frost had penetrated to the minimum detectable depth. Unfavorable conditions included: standing water on frozen soil, wet snow, thawed surface soils and deep snow pack. Both SB and SR were suitable for frost detection most of the winter, while HBEF was not. Tree roots were detected as point reflections and were readily discriminated from continuous frost reflections. The bias of GPR frost depth measurements relative to thermistors was site dependent averaging 0.1 cm at SB and 1.1 cm at SR, and was not significantly different than zero. When separated by snow manipulation treatment at SR, overestimation of soil frost depth (5.5 cm) occurred on plots cleared of snow and underestimation (-1.5 cm) occurred on plots with snow. Despite some limitations posed by site and surface suitability, GPR could be useful for adding a spatial component to pre-installed soil frost monitoring networks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Butnor, John R.] Univ Vermont, USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Campbell, John L.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Shanley, James B.] USGS, New England Water Sci Ctr, Vermont Off, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Zarnoch, Stanley J.] Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Butnor, JR (reprint author), Univ Vermont, USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, 81 Carrigan Dr,Aiken Room 210, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM jbutnor@fs.fed.us; jlcampbell@fs.fed.us; jshanley@usgs.gov; szarnoch@fs.fed.us RI Butnor, John/P-9738-2016; OI Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 FU Northern States Research Cooperative FX This research was supported by a grant from the Northern States Research Cooperative, Theme Two: Sustaining Ecosystem Health in Northern Forests (http://nsrcforestorg), administered by the University of New Hampshire. We appreciate the technical assistance and field expertise provided by John Bennink, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. We also appreciate advice on field sampling and post-collection data processing offered by Brian Jones, Geophysical Survey Systems Inc. Salem, NH. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 192 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.03.005 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0JX UT WOS:000335806300013 ER PT J AU Klein, B Vanier, NL Moomand, K Pinto, VZ Colussi, R Zavareze, ED Dias, ARG AF Klein, Bruna Vanier, Nathan Levien Moomand, Khalid Pinto, Vania Zanella Colussi, Rosana Zavareze, Elessandra da Rosa Guerra Dias, Alvaro Renato TI Ozone oxidation of cassava starch in aqueous solution at different pH SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ozonation; Aqueous solution; pH; Starch structure; Pasting properties ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM IR; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; OXIDIZED STARCH; POTATO STARCH; SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; CORN STARCHES; SPECTROSCOPY; AMYLOSE; WAXY AB Ozone is a more powerful oxidant than common oxidising agents, such as sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide. It is considered as a safer starch modification method for both consumers and the environment. However, few studies have investigated the changes in starch properties associated with ozone treatment, particularly when applied in aqueous solution. This work aimed to evaluate the carbonyl and carboxyl contents, the X-ray diffraction patterns, the spectrum profiles of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the pasting properties and the surface morphology of ozone-oxidised cassava starch during 60 min under different pH (3.5, 6.5 and 9.5) at 25 degrees C. The pH 6.5 and 9.5 seemed to favour the cross-linking between the depolymerised starch molecules during ozonation. The pH 3.5 was more effective in reducing the peak viscosity, breakdown, setback and final viscosity of cassava starch during ozonation in aqueous solution. No differences in the granule surface morphology were observed in the ozone-treated cassava starches compared to native starch. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Klein, Bruna] Univ Estadual Rio Grande do Sul, Unidade Cruz Alta, BR-98025810 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil. [Klein, Bruna; Vanier, Nathan Levien; Pinto, Vania Zanella; Colussi, Rosana; Zavareze, Elessandra da Rosa; Guerra Dias, Alvaro Renato] Univ Fed Pelotas, Dept Ciencia & Tecnol Agroind, BR-96010900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. [Vanier, Nathan Levien] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Processed Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Moomand, Khalid; Pinto, Vania Zanella] Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Vanier, NL (reprint author), Univ Fed Pelotas, Dept Ciencia & Tecnol Agroind, BR-96010900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. EM nathanvanier@hotmail.com OI Vanier, Nathan/0000-0001-6592-3023; Zanella Pinto, Vania/0000-0002-7081-5446 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Secretaria da Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (SCT-RS); Polo de Inovacao Tecnologica em Alimentos da Regiao Sul FX We would like to thank Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Secretaria da Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (SCT-RS) and Polo de Inovacao Tecnologica em Alimentos da Regiao Sul. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 155 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.058 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AE1LE UT WOS:000333730000025 PM 24594170 ER PT J AU Liu, LJ Missirian, V Zinkgraf, M Groover, A Filkov, V AF Liu, Lijun Missirian, Victor Zinkgraf, Matthew Groover, Andrew Filkov, Vladimir TI Evaluation of experimental design and computational parameter choices affecting analyses of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data in undomesticated poplar trees SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID III HD-ZIP; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA; REGULATORY NETWORK; GENOME; MODEL; RESOLUTION; MERISTEM; CAMBIUM; BIOLOGY AB Background: One of the great advantages of next generation sequencing is the ability to generate large genomic datasets for virtually all species, including non-model organisms. It should be possible, in turn, to apply advanced computational approaches to these datasets to develop models of biological processes. In a practical sense, working with non-model organisms presents unique challenges. In this paper we discuss some of these challenges for ChIP-seq and RNA-seq experiments using the undomesticated tree species of the genus Populus. Results: We describe specific challenges associated with experimental design in Populus, including selection of optimal genotypes for different technical approaches and development of antibodies against Populus transcription factors. Execution of the experimental design included the generation and analysis of Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) data for RNA polymerase II and transcription factors involved in wood formation. We discuss criteria for analyzing the resulting datasets, determination of appropriate control sequencing libraries, evaluation of sequencing coverage needs, and optimization of parameters. We also describe the evaluation of ChIP-seq data from Populus, and discuss the comparison between ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data and biological interpretations of these comparisons. Conclusions: These and other "lessons learned" highlight the challenges but also the potential insights to be gained from extending next generation sequencing-supported network analyses to undomesticated non-model species. C1 [Liu, Lijun; Zinkgraf, Matthew; Groover, Andrew] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Missirian, Victor] Univ Calif Davis, UC Davis Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Filkov, Vladimir] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Liu, LJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. FU USDA AFRI [2011-67013-30062]; USDA Forest Service FX Funding for publication of this work was provided by USDA AFRI 2011-67013-30062 to AG and VF, and the USDA Forest Service. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 15 SU 5 AR S3 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-15-S5-S3 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA AU5ZW UT WOS:000345682800003 PM 25081589 ER PT J AU Ravva, SV Sarreal, CZ Mandrell, RE AF Ravva, Subbarao V. Sarreal, Chester Z. Mandrell, Robert E. TI Strain Differences in Fitness of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Resist Protozoan Predation and Survival in Soil SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BIOFILM FORMATION; ACID RESISTANCE; DAIRY LAGOONS; WASTE-WATER; O157-H7; CURLI; GROWTH; ADHERENCE; BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EcO157) associated with the 2006 spinach outbreak appears to have persisted as the organism was isolated, three months after the outbreak, from environmental samples in the produce production areas of the central coast of California. Survival in harsh environments may be linked to the inherent fitness characteristics of EcO157. This study evaluated the comparative fitness of outbreak-related clinical and environmental strains to resist protozoan predation and survive in soil from a spinach field in the general vicinity of isolation of strains genetically indistinguishable from the 2006 outbreak strains. Environmental strains from soil and feral pig feces survived longer (11 to 35 days for 90% decreases, D-value) with Vorticella microstoma and Colpoda aspera, isolated previously from dairy wastewater; these D-values correlated (P<0.05) negatively with protozoan growth. Similarly, strains from cow feces, feral pig feces, and bagged spinach survived significantly longer in soil compared to clinical isolates indistinguishable by 11-loci multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis. The curli-positive (C+) phenotype, a fitness trait linked with attachment in ruminant and human gut, decreased after exposure to protozoa, and in soils only C- cells remained after 7 days. The C+ phenotype correlated negatively with D-values of EcO157 exposed to soil (r(s) = -0.683; P = 0.036), Vorticella (rs = -0.465; P = 0.05) or Colpoda (r(s) = -0.750; P = 0.0001). In contrast, protozoan growth correlated positively with C+ phenotype (Vorticella, r(s) = 0.730, P = 0.0004; Colpoda, r(s) = 0.625, P = 0.006) suggesting a preference for consumption of C+ cells, although they grew on C- strains also. We speculate that the C- phenotype is a selective trait for survival and possibly transport of the pathogen in soil and water environments. C1 [Ravva, Subbarao V.; Sarreal, Chester Z.; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ravva, SV (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM subbarao.ravva@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service CRIS project [5325-42000-046]; National Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-55212-16927, 2007-35212-18239] FX The work was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5325-42000-046 and partly by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant nos. 2006-55212-16927 and 2007-35212-18239 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e102412 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102412 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM1PC UT WOS:000339618600079 PM 25019377 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB Smith, AD Triplehorn, CA Aalbu, RA AF Thomas, Donald B. Smith, Aaron D. Triplehorn, Charles A. Aalbu, Rolf A. TI Walker's Eleodes (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Francis Walker; Synonymy; darkling beetles ID ESCHSCHOLTZ AB The type specimens of five species of Eleodes described by Francis Walker from British Columbia, Canada, were studied in order to establish their true identity. The synonymy of Eleodes convexicollis Walker and E. conjunctus Walker with E. obscurus (Say); that of Eleodes latiusculus Walker with E. humeralis LeConte; and that of Eleodes binotatus Walker with Eleodes hispilabris (Say) is confirmed. Eleodes subtuberculatus Walker = Eleodes parvulus Blaisdell, new synonymy, and not a synonym of E. granulatus LeConte. Only in the latter case is a Walker name senior to the name currently in use. C1 [Thomas, Donald B.] ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78651 USA. [Smith, Aaron D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Triplehorn, Charles A.] Ohio State Univ, Museum Biol Divers, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Aalbu, Rolf A.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, 2641 N Moore Field Rd, Edinburg, TX 78651 USA. FU NSF ARTS [DEB-1258154] FX The authors are grateful to Max Barclay of the British Museum of Natural History for access to Walker's types, for information on the acquisition records, and for comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to Patrice Bouchard and Ronald Somerby for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Diane Kammlah produced the map in fig. 6. This research was supported by the NSF ARTS program (DEB-1258154). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 3835 IS 4 BP 583 EP 592 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AK9RV UT WOS:000338765300009 PM 25081472 ER PT J AU Nakagawa, K Zingg, JM Kim, SH Thomas, MJ Dolnikowski, GG Azzi, A Miyazawa, T Meydani, M AF Nakagawa, Kiyotaka Zingg, Jean-Marc Kim, Sharon H. Thomas, Michael J. Dolnikowski, Gregory G. Azzi, Angelo Miyazawa, Teruo Meydani, Mohsen TI Differential cellular uptake and metabolism of curcuminoids in monocytes/macrophages: regulatory effects on lipid accumulation SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Curcuminoids; Lipids; Macrophages; Metabolism; Monocytes ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CACO-2 CELLS; RAT PLASMA; MICE; PERMEABILITY; GLUCURONIDE; EXPRESSION AB We have previously shown that curcumin (CUR) may increase lipid accumulation in cultured human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line THP-1 monocytes/macrophages, but that tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), an in vivo metabolite of CUR, has no such effect. In the present study, we hypothesised that the different cellular uptake and/or metabolism of CUR and THC might be a possible explanation for the previously observed differences in their effects on lipid accumulation in THP-1 monocytes/macrophages. Chromatography with tandem MS revealed that CUR was readily taken up by THP-1 monocytes/macrophages and slowly metabolised to hexahydrocurcumin sulphate. By contrast, the uptake of THC was low. In parallel with CUR uptake, increased lipid uptake was observed in THP-1 macrophages but not with the uptake of THC or another CUR metabolite and structurally related compounds. From these results, it is possible to deduce that CUR and THC are taken up and metabolised differently in THP-1 cells, which determine their biological activity. The remarkable differential cellular uptake of CUR, relative to THC and other similar molecules, may imply that the CUR uptake into cells may occur via a transporter. C1 [Nakagawa, Kiyotaka; Zingg, Jean-Marc; Kim, Sharon H.; Thomas, Michael J.; Azzi, Angelo; Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Nakagawa, Kiyotaka; Miyazawa, Teruo] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Food & Biodynam Chem Lab, Sendai, Miyagi 9818555, Japan. [Dolnikowski, Gregory G.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Nakagawa, K (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nkgw@m.tohoku.ac.jp FU USDA/ARS [58-1950-0-014]; Tohoku University (Japan) FX The present study was supported in part by the USDA/ARS under contract no. 58-1950-0-014 and sabbatical fellowship from Tohoku University (Japan) to K. N. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1017/S0007114514000567 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AJ5US UT WOS:000337755400002 PM 24725345 ER PT J AU Ghattas, H Sassine, AJ Seyfert, K Nord, M Sahyoun, NR AF Ghattas, Hala Sassine, AnnieBelle J. Seyfert, Karin Nord, Mark Sahyoun, Nadine R. TI Food insecurity among Iraqi refugees living in Lebanon, 10 years after the invasion of Iraq: data from a household survey SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Refugees; Household food insecurity; Iraqi children ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; LOW-INCOME WOMEN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNDERWEIGHT; SECURITY; COLOMBIA; ADULTS AB Iraqi refugees in Lebanon are vulnerable to food insecurity because of their limited rights and fragile livelihoods. The objective of the present study was to assess household food insecurity among Iraqi refugees living in Lebanon, almost 10 years after the invasion of Iraq. A representative survey of 800 UN High Commissioner for Refugees-registered refugee households in Lebanon was conducted using multi-stage cluster random sampling. We measured food insecurity using a modified US Department of Agriculture household food security module. We collected data on household demographic, socio-economic, health, housing and dietary diversity status and analysed these factors by food security status. Hb level was measured in a subset of children below 5 years of age (n 85). Weighted data were used in univariate and multivariate analyses. Among the Iraqi refugee households surveyed (n 630), 20.1% (95% CI 17.3, 23.2) were found to be food secure, 35.5% (95% CI 32.0, 39.2) moderately food insecure and 44.4% (95% CI 40.8, 48.1) severely food insecure. Severe food insecurity was associated with the respondent's good self-reported health (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2, 0.5), length of stay as a refugee (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0, 1.2), very poor housing quality (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.6, 6.5) and the number of children in the household (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0, 1.4), and resulted in poor dietary diversity (P, 0.0001). Anaemia was found in 41% (95% CI 30.6, 51.9) of children below 5 years of age, but was not associated with food insecurity. High food insecurity, low diet quality and high prevalence of anaemia in Iraqi refugees living in Lebanon call for urgent programmes to address the food and health situation of this population with restricted rights. C1 [Ghattas, Hala; Sassine, AnnieBelle J.] Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon. [Seyfert, Karin] Sch Oriental & African Studies, Dept Econ, London WC1H 0XG, England. [Nord, Mark] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Sahyoun, Nadine R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Ghattas, H (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, POB 11-0236 NFSC, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon. EM hg15@aub.edu.lb RI Ghattas, Hala/K-5661-2016; OI Seyfert, Karin/0000-0002-3354-8844 FU Office of the UNHCR in Beirut, Lebanon FX The authors thank all individuals who participated in the study, including data collectors and survey respondents. The present study was funded by the Office of the UNHCR in Beirut, Lebanon. The authors also thank Dr Andrew Seal for providing useful comments on the manuscript. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1017/S0007114514000282 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AJ5US UT WOS:000337755400008 PM 24739803 ER PT J AU Stenfeldt, C Pacheco, JM Borca, MV Rodriguez, LL Arzt, J AF Stenfeldt, Carolina Pacheco, Juan M. Borca, Manuel V. Rodriguez, Luis L. Arzt, Jonathan TI Morphologic and phenotypic characteristics of myocarditis in two pigs infected by foot-and mouth disease virus strains of serotypes O or A SO ACTA VETERINARIA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE Foot-and-mouth disease; Myocarditis; Virus; Pig; Pathology ID PATHOGENESIS; PIGLETS; CATTLE; SWINE AB Myocarditis is often cited as the cause of fatalities associated with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection. However, the pathogenesis of FMDV-associated myocarditis has not been described in detail. The current report describes substantial quantities of FMDV in association with a marked mononuclear inflammatory reaction, interstitial edema and cardiomyocyte degeneration in the myocardium of two pigs that died during acute infection with either of two different strains of FMDV. Despite similar clinical progression, there was a marked variation in morphological characteristics of myocarditis with a significant difference in intensity of myocardial inflammation between the two cases. Phenotypic characterization of leukocyte populations revealed that in both cases, the inflammatory infiltrate consisted mainly of combinations of CD172a+, CD163+ and CD44+ cells, with a distinct subset of CD8+ cells, but with consistent lack of detection of CD3+ and CD21+ cells. This suggests that the FMDV-associated acute myocardial inflammation in the two observed cases consisted mainly of leukocytes of monocyte lineage, with a distinct population of CD8+ cells which, based on lack of CD3 detection in serial sections, are likely to represent NK cells. C1 [Stenfeldt, Carolina; Pacheco, Juan M.; Borca, Manuel V.; Rodriguez, Luis L.; Arzt, Jonathan] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Stenfeldt, Carolina] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, PIADC Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Arzt, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM Jonathan.Arzt@ars.usda.gov OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201; Stenfeldt, Carolina/0000-0002-2074-3886; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178; Arzt, Jonathan/0000-0002-7517-7893 FU Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program fellowship; ARS-CRIS Project [1940- 32000-057-00D]; Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-11-X-00189] FX CS is a recipient of a Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program fellowship, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement with the US Department of Energy. This research was funded in part by ARS-CRIS Project 1940- 32000-057-00D and an interagency agreement with the Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (award number HSHQDC-11-X-00189). George R Smoliga and Ethan J Hartwig processed samples. The authors acknowledge Erin B Howey for contributing to design of the immunofluorescence assays. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0044-605X EI 1751-0147 J9 ACTA VET SCAND JI Acta Vet. Scand. PD JUL 12 PY 2014 VL 56 AR 42 DI 10.1186/s13028-014-0042-6 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AL5VW UT WOS:000339202400001 PM 25015718 ER PT J AU Marcombe, S Farajollahi, A Healy, SP Clark, GG Fonseca, DM AF Marcombe, Sebastien Farajollahi, Ary Healy, Sean P. Clark, Gary G. Fonseca, Dina M. TI Insecticide Resistance Status of United States Populations of Aedes albopictus and Mechanisms Involved SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS; GROWTH-REGULATORS; CULEX-PIPIENS; MOSQUITO; SUSCEPTIBILITY; AEGYPTI; DENGUE; VECTOR AB Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is an invasive mosquito that has become an important vector of chikungunya and dengue viruses. Immature Ae. albopictus thrive in backyard household containers that require treatment with larvicides and when adult populations reach pest levels or disease transmission is ongoing, adulticiding is often required. To assess the feasibility of control of USA populations, we tested the susceptibility of Ae. albopictus to chemicals representing the main insecticide classes with different modes of action: organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators (IGR), naturalytes, and biolarvicides. We characterized a susceptible reference strain of Ae. albopictus, ATM95, and tested the susceptibility of eight USA populations to five adulticides and six larvicides. We found that USA populations are broadly susceptible to currently available larvicides and adulticides. Unexpectedly, however, we found significant resistance to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in two Florida populations and in a New Jersey population. We also found resistance to malathion, an organophosphate, in Florida and New Jersey and reduced susceptibility to the IGRs pyriproxyfen and methoprene. All populations tested were fully susceptible to pyrethroids. Biochemical assays revealed a significant up-regulation of GSTs in DDT-resistant populations in both larval and adult stages. Also, beta-esterases were up-regulated in the populations with suspected resistance to malathion. Of note, we identified a previously unknown amino acid polymorphism (Phe -> Leu) in domain III of the VGSC, in a location known to be associated with pyrethroid resistance in another container-inhabiting mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. The observed DDT resistance in populations from Florida may indicate multiple introductions of this species into the USA, possibly from tropical populations. In addition, the mechanisms underlying DDT resistance often result in pyrethroid resistance, which would undermine a remaining tool for the control of Ae. albopictus. Continued monitoring of the insecticide resistance status of this species is imperative. C1 [Marcombe, Sebastien; Farajollahi, Ary; Fonseca, Dina M.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Farajollahi, Ary] Mercer Cty Mosquito Control, West Trenton, NJ USA. [Healy, Sean P.] Monmouth Cty Mosquito Exterminat Commiss, Eatontown, NJ USA. [Clark, Gary G.] Agr Res Serv, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Fonseca, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM dinafons@rci.rutgers.edu OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Rutgers University [USDA-ARS58-6615-8-105] FX This work was funded by a cooperative Agreement between the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Rutgers University (USDA-ARS-58-6615-8-105) entitled "Area-wide Pest Management Program for the Asian Tiger Mosquito in New Jersey." The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 61 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 11 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e101992 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101992 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL8HH UT WOS:000339378400052 PM 25013910 ER PT J AU Talukder, ZI Gong, L Hulke, BS Pegadaraju, V Song, QJ Schultz, Q Qi, LL AF Talukder, Zahirul I. Gong, Li Hulke, Brent S. Pegadaraju, Venkatramana Song, Qijian Schultz, Quentin Qi, Lili TI A High-Density SNP Map of Sunflower Derived from RAD-Sequencing Facilitating Fine-Mapping of the Rust Resistance Gene R-12 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L.; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; FERTILITY RESTORATION GENE; SEGREGATION DISTORTION LOCI; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CONSENSUS LINKAGE MAP; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; CONFECTION SUNFLOWER AB A high-resolution genetic map of sunflower was constructed by integrating SNP data from three F-2 mapping populations (HA 89/RHA 464, B-line/RHA 464, and CR 29/RHA 468). The consensus map spanned a total length of 1443.84 cM, and consisted of 5,019 SNP markers derived from RAD tag sequencing and 118 publicly available SSR markers distributed in 17 linkage groups, corresponding to the haploid chromosome number of sunflower. The maximum interval between markers in the consensus map is 12.37 cM and the average distance is 0.28 cM between adjacent markers. Despite a few shortdistance inversions in marker order, the consensus map showed high levels of collinearity among individual maps with an average Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.972 across the genome. The order of the SSR markers on the consensus map was also in agreement with the order of the individual map and with previously published sunflower maps. Three individual and one consensus maps revealed the uneven distribution of markers across the genome. Additionally, we performed fine mapping and marker validation of the rust resistance gene R12, providing closely linked SNP markers for marker-assisted selection of this gene in sunflower breeding programs. This high resolution consensus map will serve as a valuable tool to the sunflower community for studying marker-trait association of important agronomic traits, marker assisted breeding, map-based gene cloning, and comparative mapping. C1 [Talukder, Zahirul I.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Gong, Li] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Hulke, Brent S.; Qi, Lili] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Pegadaraju, Venkatramana; Schultz, Quentin] BioDiagnostics Inc, River Falls, WI USA. [Song, Qijian] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Qi, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM lili.qi@ars.usda.gov FU National Sunflower Association-SNP Consortium; public-private partnership between the non-profit National Sunflower Association; public researchers at United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); USDA-ARS CRIS Project [5442-21000-039-00D] FX This project was supported by the National Sunflower Association-SNP Consortium, a public-private partnership between the non-profit National Sunflower Association, public researchers at United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and private seed companies, and the USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 5442-21000-039-00D. Venkatramana Pegadaraju and Quentin Schultz have competing commercial interests as employees of BioDiagnostics, Inc., a for-profit company that has provided some financial assistance to this project and also has a commercial interest in the data generated with the chip because it increases the value of their services to their customers. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 75 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 11 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e98628 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0098628 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL8HH UT WOS:000339378400004 PM 25014030 ER PT J AU Kawai, T Katayama, Y Guo, LJ Liu, DS Suzuki, T Hayakawa, K Lee, JM Nagamine, T Hull, JJ Matsumoto, S Nagasawa, H Tanokura, M Nagata, K AF Kawai, Takeshi Katayama, Yukie Guo, Linjun Liu, Desheng Suzuki, Tatsuya Hayakawa, Kou Lee, Jae Min Nagamine, Toshihiro Hull, J. Joe Matsumoto, Shogo Nagasawa, Hiromichi Tanokura, Masaru Nagata, Koji TI Identification of Functionally Important Residues of the Silkmoth Pheromone Biosynthesis-activating Neuropeptide Receptor, an Insect Ortholog of the Vertebrate Neuromedin U Receptor SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; A(2A) ADENOSINE RECEPTOR; BOMBYX-MORI; SEX-PHEROMONE; PBAN RECEPTOR; LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; CARBOXYL-TERMINUS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SILKWORM MOTH; PEPTIDES AB The biosynthesis of sex pheromone components in many lepidopteran insects is regulated by the interaction between pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) and the PBAN receptor (PBANR), a class A G-protein-coupled receptor. To identify functionally important amino acid residues in the silkmoth PBANR, a series of 27 alanine substitutions was generated using a PBANR chimera C-terminally fused with enhanced GFP. The PBANR mutants were expressed in Sf9 insect cells, and their ability to bind and be activated by a core PBAN fragment (C10PBAN(R2K)) was monitored. Among the 27 mutants, 23 localized to the cell surface of transfected Sf9 cells, whereas the other four remained intracellular. Reduced binding relative to wild type was observed with 17 mutants, and decreased Ca2+ mobilization responses were observed with 12 mutants. Ala substitution of Glu-95, Glu-120, Asn-124, Val-195, Phe-276, Trp-280, Phe-283, Arg-287, Tyr-307, Thr-311, and Phe-319 affected both binding and Ca2+ mobilization. The most pronounced effects were observed with the E120A mutation. A molecular model of PBANR indicated that the functionally important PBANR residues map to the 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th transmembrane helices, implying that the same general region of class A G-protein-coupled receptors recognizes both peptidic and nonpeptidic ligands. Docking simulations suggest similar ligand-receptor recognition interactions for PBAN-PBANR and the orthologous vertebrate pair, neuromedin U (NMU) and NMU receptor (NMUR). The simulations highlight the importance of two glutamate residues, Glu-95 and Glu-120, in silkmoth PBANR and Glu-117 and Glu-142 in human NMUR1, in the recognition of the most functionally critical region of the ligands, the C-terminal residue and amide. C1 [Kawai, Takeshi; Katayama, Yukie; Guo, Linjun; Liu, Desheng; Suzuki, Tatsuya; Hayakawa, Kou; Nagasawa, Hiromichi; Tanokura, Masaru; Nagata, Koji] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Lee, Jae Min; Nagamine, Toshihiro; Matsumoto, Shogo] RIKEN, Mol Entomol Lab, Adv Sci Inst, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Hull, J. Joe] USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Tanokura, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM amtanok@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp; aknagata@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp FU Targeted Proteins Research Project; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [17681026] FX This work was supported in part by the Targeted Proteins Research Project and the Platform for Drug Discovery, Informatics, and Structural Life Science of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan and a Grant-in-aid for Young Scientists (A) 17681026 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. United States Department of Agriculture is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2014 VL 289 IS 27 BP 19150 EP 19163 DI 10.1074/jbc.M113.488999 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AL3WV UT WOS:000339062900044 PM 24847080 ER PT J AU Pan, GD Cao, J Yang, NL Ding, KH Fan, C Xiong, WC Hamrick, M Isales, CM Shi, XM AF Pan, Guodong Cao, Jay Yang, Nianlan Ding, Kehong Fan, Cheng Xiong, Wen-Cheng Hamrick, Mark Isales, Carlos M. Shi, Xing-Ming TI Role of Glucocorticoid-induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Bone Acquisition SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE-2; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION; OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; ADDISONS-DISEASE; BINDING-PROTEINS; TRANSGENIC MICE AB Glucocorticoids (GCs) have both anabolic and catabolic effects on bone. However, no GC anabolic effect mediator has been identified to date. Here we show that targeted expression of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), a GC anti-inflammatory effect mediator, enhances bone acquisition in mice. Transgenic mice, in which the expression of GILZ is under the control of a 3.6-kb rat type I collagen promoter, exhibited a high bone mass phenotype with significantly increased bone formation rate and osteoblast numbers. The increased osteoblast activity correlates with enhanced osteogenic differentiation and decreased adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cell cultures in vitro. In line with these changes, the mRNA levels of key osteogenic regulators (Runx2 and Osx) increased, and the level of adipogenic regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma 2 decreased significantly. We also found that GILZ physically interacts with C/EBPs and disrupts C/EBP-mediated PPAR gamma gene transcription. In conclusion, our results showed that GILZ is capable of increasing bone acquisition in vivo, and this action is mediated via a mechanism involving the inhibition of PPAR gamma gene transcription and shifting of bone marrow MSC/progenitor cell lineage commitment in favor of the osteoblast pathway. C1 [Pan, Guodong; Yang, Nianlan; Ding, Kehong; Fan, Cheng; Xiong, Wen-Cheng; Isales, Carlos M.; Shi, Xing-Ming] Georgia Regents Univ, Dept Neurosci & Regenerat Med, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Hamrick, Mark] Georgia Regents Univ, Dept Cellular Biol & Anat, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Isales, Carlos M.; Shi, Xing-Ming] Georgia Regents Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Pan, Guodong] Wuhan Univ, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Cao, Jay] ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Shi, XM (reprint author), Georgia Regents Univ, Dept Neurosci & Regenerat Med, 1120 15th St,CA-2003, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM xshi@gru.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01DK76045, R01AG046248, P01AG036675] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants R01DK76045, R01AG046248, and P01AG036675. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2014 VL 289 IS 28 BP 19373 EP 19382 DI 10.1074/jbc.M113.535237 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AL7PL UT WOS:000339326800014 PM 24860090 ER PT J AU Khatibi, PA Roach, DR Donovan, DM Hughes, SR Bischoff, KM AF Khatibi, Piyum A. Roach, Dwayne R. Donovan, David M. Hughes, Stephen R. Bischoff, Kenneth M. TI Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing bacteriophage endolysins reduce Lactobacillus contamination during fermentation SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS LA English DT Article DE Bacteriophage; Lysin; Endolysin; Yeast; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Fermentation; Contamination; Lactic acid; Acetic acid; Lactobacillus ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; FUEL ETHANOL FERMENTATIONS; ACETIC-ACID; GENE-EXPRESSION; HOP RESISTANCE; LYTIC ENZYME; YEAST; INHIBITION; GROWTH; WINE AB Background: One of the challenges facing the fuel ethanol industry is the management of bacterial contamination during fermentation. Lactobacillus species are the predominant contaminants that decrease the profitability of biofuel production by reducing ethanol yields and causing "stuck" fermentations, which incur additional economic losses via expensive antibiotic treatments and disinfection costs. The current use of antibiotic treatments has led to the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains, and antibiotic residues in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are a concern for the feed and food industries. This underscores the need for new, non-antibiotic, eco-friendly mitigation strategies for bacterial contamination. The specific objectives of this work were to (1) express genes encoding bacteriophage lytic enzymes (endolysins) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (2) assess the lytic activity of the yeast-expressed enzymes against different species of Lactobacillus that commonly contaminate fuel ethanol fermentations, and (3) test the ability of yeast expressing lytic enzymes to reduce Lactobacillus fermentum during fermentation. Implementing antibiotic-free strategies to reduce fermentation contaminants will enable more cost-effective fuel ethanol production and will impact both producers and consumers in the farm-to-fork continuum. Results: Two genes encoding the lytic enzymes LysA and LysA2 were individually expressed in S. cerevisiae on multi-copy plasmids under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter. The enzymes purified from yeast were lytic against Lactobacillus isolates collected from fermentors at a commercial dry grind ethanol facility including Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus brevis, and Lactobacillus mucosae. Reductions of L. fermentum in experimentally infected fermentations with yeast expressing LysA or LysA2 ranged from 0.5 log(10) colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) to 1.8 log(10) (CFU/mL) over 72 h and fermentations treated with transformed yeast lysate showed reductions that ranged from 0.9 log(10) (CFU/mL) to 3.3 log(10) (CFU/mL). Likewise, lactic acid and acetic acid levels were reduced in all experimentally infected fermentations containing transformed yeast (harboring endolysin expressing plasmids) relative to the corresponding fermentations with untransformed yeast. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of using yeast expressing bacteriophage endolysins to reduce L. fermentum contamination during fuel ethanol fermentations. C1 [Khatibi, Piyum A.; Hughes, Stephen R.; Bischoff, Kenneth M.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Roach, Dwayne R.; Donovan, David M.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Area Res Ctr, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bischoff, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kenneth.Bischoff@ars.usda.gov FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-65504-20420] FX This work was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2010-65504-20420 from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture to KMB, SRH, and DMD. The authors would like to thank Eric Hoecker, Bill Harty, and Juli Foster-Frey for their excellent technical assistance. The USDA prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 31 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-6834 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS JI Biotechnol. Biofuels PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 7 AR 104 DI 10.1186/1754-6834-7-104 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA AL5ZP UT WOS:000339212200001 ER PT J AU O'Connor, TM Cerin, E Lee, RE Parker, N Chen, TA Hughes, SO Mendoza, JA Baranowski, T AF O'Connor, Teresia M. Cerin, Ester Lee, Rebecca E. Parker, Nathan Chen, Tzu-An Hughes, Sheryl O. Mendoza, Jason A. Baranowski, Tom TI Environmental and cultural correlates of physical activity parenting practices among Latino parents with preschool-aged children: Ninos Activos SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Physical activity; Child; Parenting; Correlates; Environment; Neighborhood; Acculturation; Latino ID BODY-MASS INDEX; NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE; NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENT; HISPANIC ADOLESCENTS; SEDENTARY BEHAVIORS; MEXICAN-AMERICAN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ACCULTURATION; YOUTH; SCALE AB Background: Latino children are at high risk of becoming obese. Physical activity (PA) can help prevent obesity. Parents can influence children's PA through parenting practices. This study aimed to examine the independent contributions of (1) sociodemographic, (2) cultural, (3) parent perceived environmental, and (4) objectively measured environmental factors, to PA parenting practices. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of Latino parents (n = 240) from Harris County, TX in 2011-2012 completed validated questionnaires to assess PA parenting practices, acculturation, familism, perception of their neighborhood environment, and demographics. Home addresses were mapped and linked to Census block-level crime and traffic data. Distance to the closest park was mapped by GIS. Regression models were built in a hierarchical step-wise fashion. Results: Combined models showed R-2 of 6.8% to 38.9% for different parenting practices. Significant correlations included sociodemographic variables with having outdoor toys available, psychological control, and promotion of inactivity. Cultural factors correlated with PA safety concern practices. Perceived environmental attributes correlated with five of seven parenting practices, while objectively-measured environmental attributes did not significantly correlate with PA parenting practices. Conclusion: Interventions promoting PA among Latino preschoolers may need to address the social-ecological context in which families live to effectively promote PA parenting, especially parents' perceptions of neighborhoods. C1 [O'Connor, Teresia M.; Chen, Tzu-An; Hughes, Sheryl O.; Baranowski, Tom] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [O'Connor, Teresia M.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Cerin, Ester] Univ Hong Kong, Inst Human Performance, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Cerin, Ester] Deakin Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Ctr Phys Act & Nutr Res, Burwood, Australia. [Lee, Rebecca E.; Parker, Nathan] Univ Houston, Texas Obes Res Ctr, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX USA. [Mendoza, Jason A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP O'Connor, TM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM teresiao@bcm.edu RI Cerin, Ester/L-1271-2015; OI Cerin, Ester/0000-0002-7599-165X; Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU NIH-Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development [R21HD060925]; US Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, BCM [USDA/ARS 6250-51000-053-20S] FX This study was funded by NIH-Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (R21HD060925). This work is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, BCM through a cooperative agreement (USDA/ARS 6250-51000-053-20S). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA or NIH, nor does mention of organizations imply endorsement from the US government. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 25 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 707 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-14-707 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AL7EL UT WOS:000339295900001 PM 25011669 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Deterding, LJ Blackshear, PJ AF Cao, Heping Deterding, Leesa J. Blackshear, Perry J. TI Identification of a Major Phosphopeptide in Human Tristetraprolin by Phosphopeptide Mapping and Mass Spectrometry SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; MESSENGER-RNA STABILITY; MOUSE 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; RICH ELEMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; RECOMBINANT TRISTETRAPROLIN; IN-VITRO; TTP AB Tristetraprolin/zinc finger protein 36 (TTP/ZFP36) binds and destabilizes some pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs. TTP-deficient mice develop a profound inflammatory syndrome due to excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TTP expression is induced by various factors including insulin and extracts from cinnamon and green tea. TTP is highly phosphorylated in vivo and is a substrate for several protein kinases. Multiple phosphorylation sites are identified in human TTP, but it is difficult to assign major vs. minor phosphorylation sites. This study aimed to generate additional information on TTP phosphorylation using phosphopeptide mapping and mass spectrometry (MS). Wild-type and site-directed mutant TTP proteins were expressed in transfected human cells followed by in vivo radiolabeling with [P-32]-orthophosphate. Histidine-tagged TTP proteins were purified with Ni-NTA affinity beads and digested with trypsin and lysyl endopeptidase. The digested peptides were separated by C-18 column with high performance liquid chromatography. Wild-type and all mutant TTP proteins were localized in the cytosol, phosphorylated extensively in vivo and capable of binding to ARE-containing RNA probes. Mutant TTP with S-90 and S-93 mutations resulted in the disappearance of a major phosphopeptide peak. Mutant TTP with an S-197 mutation resulted in another major phosphopeptide peak being eluted earlier than the wildtype. Additional mutations at S-186, S-296 and T-271 exhibited little effect on phosphopeptide profiles. MS analysis identified the peptide that was missing in the S-90 and S-93 mutant protein as LGPELSPSPTSPTATSTTPSR (corresponding to amino acid residues 83-103 of human TTP). MS also identified a major phosphopeptide associated with the first zinc-finger region. These analyses suggest that the tryptic peptide containing S-90 and S-93 is a major phosphopeptide in human TTP. C1 [Cao, Heping] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Deterding, Leesa J.] NIEHS, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Blackshear, Perry J.] NIEHS, Lab Signal Transduct, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Blackshear, Perry J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Blackshear, Perry J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Cao, HP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Heping.Cao@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service Quality and Utilization of Agricultural Products Research Program 306 [CRIS 6435-41000-102-00D]; Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences FX This work was supported in part by United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service Quality and Utilization of Agricultural Products Research Program 306 through CRIS 6435-41000-102-00D and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e100977 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0100977 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK9RG UT WOS:000338763800010 PM 25010646 ER PT J AU Creason, AL Vandeputte, OM Savory, EA Davis, EW Putnam, ML Hu, ED Swader-Hines, D Mol, A Baucher, M Prinsen, E Zdanowska, M Givan, SA El Jaziri, M Loper, JE Mahmud, T Chang, JH AF Creason, Allison L. Vandeputte, Olivier M. Savory, Elizabeth A. Davis, Edward W., II Putnam, Melodie L. Hu, Erdong Swader-Hines, David Mol, Adeline Baucher, Marie Prinsen, Els Zdanowska, Magdalena Givan, Scott A. El Jaziri, Mondher Loper, Joyce E. Mahmud, Taifo Chang, Jeff H. TI Analysis of Genome Sequences from Plant Pathogenic Rhodococcus Reveals Genetic Novelties in Virulence Loci SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CYTOKININ BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSFER-RNA; CORYNEBACTERIUM-FASCIANS; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; GENUS RHODOCOCCUS; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; PATHWAY; PROTEIN AB Members of Gram-positive Actinobacteria cause economically important diseases to plants. Within the Rhodococcus genus, some members can cause growth deformities and persist as pathogens on a wide range of host plants. The current model predicts that phytopathogenic isolates require a cluster of three loci present on a linear plasmid, with the fas operon central to virulence. The Fas proteins synthesize, modify, and activate a mixture of growth regulating cytokinins, which cause a hormonal imbalance in plants, resulting in abnormal growth. We sequenced and compared the genomes of 20 isolates of Rhodococcus to gain insights into the mechanisms and evolution of virulence in these bacteria. Horizontal gene transfer was identified as critical but limited in the scale of virulence evolution, as few loci are conserved and exclusive to phytopathogenic isolates. Although the fas operon is present in most phytopathogenic isolates, it is absent from phytopathogenic isolate A21d2. Instead, this isolate has a horizontally acquired gene chimera that encodes a novel fusion protein with isopentyltransferase and phosphoribohydrolase domains, predicted to be capable of catalyzing and activating cytokinins, respectively. Cytokinin profiling of the archetypal D188 isolate revealed only one activate cytokinin type that was specifically synthesized in a fas-dependent manner. These results suggest that only the isopentenyladenine cytokinin type is synthesized and necessary for Rhodococcus phytopathogenicity, which is not consistent with the extant model stating that a mixture of cytokinins is necessary for Rhodococcus to cause leafy gall symptoms. In all, data indicate that only four horizontally acquired functions are sufficient to confer the trait of phytopathogenicity to members of the genetically diverse clade of Rhodococcus. C1 [Creason, Allison L.; Savory, Elizabeth A.; Davis, Edward W., II; Putnam, Melodie L.; Hu, Erdong; Swader-Hines, David; Loper, Joyce E.; Chang, Jeff H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Creason, Allison L.; Davis, Edward W., II; Loper, Joyce E.; Mahmud, Taifo; Chang, Jeff H.] Oregon State Univ, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Vandeputte, Olivier M.; Mol, Adeline; Baucher, Marie; El Jaziri, Mondher] Univ Libre Brussels, Lab Biotechnol Vegetale, Gosselies, Belgium. [Prinsen, Els; Zdanowska, Magdalena] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Lab Plant Growth & Dev, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Givan, Scott A.] Univ Missouri, Informat Res Core Facil, Columbia, MO USA. [Loper, Joyce E.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. [Mahmud, Taifo] Oregon State Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chang, Jeff H.] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Genome Res & Biocomp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Chang, JH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM changj@science.oregonstate.edu RI Mahmud, Taifo/A-1492-2015; Prinsen, Els/M-8973-2016; OI Mahmud, Taifo/0000-0001-9639-526X; Loper, Joyce/0000-0003-3501-5969; Givan, Scott/0000-0002-0630-8589 FU Agricultural Research Foundation; USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) NIFA (National Institute of Food and Agriculture) [2013-67012-21139]; Provost's Distinguished Graduate Fellowship by Oregon State University; National Science Foundation [DGE-1314109]; Society of American Florists; USDA-ARS (Agricultural Research Service); FRS-FNRS; Fonds David et Alice Van Buuren (Belgium) FX This work is supported by a grant from the Agricultural Research Foundation awarded to JHC. EAS is supported by USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) NIFA (National Institute of Food and Agriculture) post-doctoral fellowship #2013-67012-21139. EWD is supported by a Provost's Distinguished Graduate Fellowship awarded by Oregon State University. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1314109 to EWD. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This work is also supported in part by the Society of American Florists and a cooperative agreement with USDA-ARS (Agricultural Research Service) awarded to MLP. OMV is a Post-doctoral Researcher of the FRS-FNRS (Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium) and supported by grants from FRS-FNRS and the Fonds David et Alice Van Buuren (Belgium). MB is a Senior Research Associate of the FRS-FNRS (Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 92 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e101996 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101996 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK9RG UT WOS:000338763800057 PM 25010934 ER PT J AU Tzeng, TJ Cao, L Fu, YX Zeng, HW Cheng, WH AF Tzeng, Tiffany J. Cao, Lei Fu, YangXin Zeng, Huawei Cheng, Wen-Hsing TI Methylseleninic Acid Sensitizes Notch3-Activated OVCA429 Ovarian Cancer Cells to Carboplatin SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NOTCH SIGNALING PATHWAY; DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; COPPER TRANSPORTER CTR1; PROSTATE-CANCER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; INDUCED OTOTOXICITY; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; TARGETING NOTCH; SELENIUM; CISPLATIN AB Ovarian cancer, the deadliest of gynecologic cancers, is usually not diagnosed until advanced stages. Although carboplatin has been popular for treating ovarian cancer for decades, patients eventually develop resistance to this platinum-containing drug. Expression of neurogenic locus notch homolog 3 (Notch3) is associated with chemoresistance and poor overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. Overexpression of NICD3 (the constitutively active form of Notch3) in OVCA429 ovarian cancer cells (OVCA429/NICD3) renders them resistance to carboplatin treatment compared to OVCA429/pCEG cells expressing an empty vector. We have previously shown that methylseleninic acid (MSeA) induces oxidative stress and activates ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and DNA-dependent protein kinase in cancer cells. Here we tested the hypothesis that MSeA and carboplatin exerted a synthetic lethal effect on OVCA429/NICD3 cells. Co-treatment with MSeA synergistically sensitized OVCA429/NICD3 but not OVCA429/pCEG cells to the killing by carboplatin. This synergism was associated with a cell cycle exit at the G2/M phase and the induction of NICD3 target gene HES1. Treatment of N-acetyl cysteine or inhibitors of the above two kinases did not directly impact on the synergism in OVCA429/NICD3 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the efficacy of carboplatin in the treatment of high grade ovarian carcinoma can be enhanced by a combinational therapy with MSeA. C1 [Tzeng, Tiffany J.; Cheng, Wen-Hsing] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Lei; Cheng, Wen-Hsing] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Food Sci Nutr & Hlth Promot, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Fu, YangXin] Univ Alberta, Dept Oncol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Zeng, Huawei] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Cheng, WH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wcheng@fsnhp.msstate.edu FU Maryland Agricultural Experimental Station; Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experimental Station; Women and Children's Health Research Institute; Royal Alexandra Hospital Foundation, Canada FX This study was partially supported by Maryland Agricultural Experimental Station and Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experimental Station (to W.-H. Cheng), and by Women and Children's Health Research Institute with funding donated by the Royal Alexandra Hospital Foundation, Canada (to Y. Fu). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e101664 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101664 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK9RG UT WOS:000338763800031 PM 25010594 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD AF Ulyshen, Michael D. TI Interacting Effects of Insects and Flooding on Wood Decomposition SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES; FOREST-RESERVE; DEAD WOOD; DEBRIS; RHINOTERMITIDAE; RETICULITERMES; DIVERSITY; LITTER AB Saproxylic arthropods are thought to play an important role in wood decomposition but very few efforts have been made to quantify their contributions to the process and the factors controlling their activities are not well understood. In the current study, mesh exclusion bags were used to quantify how arthropods affect loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) decomposition rates in both seasonally flooded and unflooded forests over a 31-month period in the southeastern United States. Wood specific gravity (based on initial wood volume) was significantly lower in bolts placed in unflooded forests and for those unprotected from insects. Approximately 20.5% and 13.7% of specific gravity loss after 31 months was attributable to insect activity in flooded and unflooded forests, respectively. Importantly, minimal between-treatment differences in water content and the results from a novel test carried out separately suggest the mesh bags had no significant impact on wood mass loss beyond the exclusion of insects. Subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae: Reticulitermes spp.) were 5-6 times more active below-ground in unflooded forests compared to flooded forests based on wooden monitoring stakes. They were also slightly more active above-ground in unflooded forests but these differences were not statistically significant. Similarly, seasonal flooding had no detectable effect on above-ground beetle (Coleoptera) richness or abundance. Although seasonal flooding strongly reduced Reticulitermes activity below-ground, it can be concluded from an insignificant interaction between forest type and exclusion treatment that reduced above-ground decomposition rates in seasonally flooded forests were due largely to suppressed microbial activity at those locations. The findings from this study indicate that southeastern U. S. arthropod communities accelerate above-ground wood decomposition significantly and to a similar extent in both flooded and unflooded forests. Seasonal flooding has the potential to substantially reduce the contributions of these organisms to wood decomposition below-ground, however. C1 US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM mulyshen@fs.fed.us FU United States Department of Agriculture forest service southern research station FX This research was funded by United States Department of Agriculture forest service southern research station. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e101867 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101867 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK9RG UT WOS:000338763800047 PM 25009985 ER PT J AU Wang, QQ Zhao, XB Zhu, JY AF Wang, Qianqian Zhao, Xuebing Zhu, J. Y. TI Kinetics of Strong Acid Hydrolysis of a Bleached Kraft Pulp for Producing Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL NEMATIC SUSPENSIONS; DILUTE-ACID; CRYSTALLITES; BAGASSE; FILMS AB Cellulose nanocrytals (CNCs) are predominantly produced using the traditional strong acid hydrolysis process. In most reported studies, the typical CNC yield is low (approximately 30%) despite process optimization. This study investigated the hydrolysis of a bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp using sulfuric acid between 50 and 64 wt % at temperatures of 35-80 degrees C over time periods of up to 240 mm for the production of CNCs. The experimental design captured the feature of the coexistence of a variety of reaction products, such as CNC, cellulosic solid residue (CSR), glucose, and xylose, in the product stream for accurate kinetic modeling to improve the CNC production yield. The kinetic model describing the solubilization of cellulose fibers used three phenomenological reactions, namely, hydrolysis of xylan to form xylose, depolymerization of cellulose to CNCs, and hydrolysis of cellulose to form glucose, each of which can be described by pseudohomogenous first-order kinetics. The concept of "degrees of hydrolyzable xylan or cellulose" to reflect the inhomogeneity of xylan or cellulose in hydrolysis was incorporated into the kinetic modeling to improve model accuracy. The developed model showed excellent predictability for CNC production. Both the experimental data and the model clearly indicate that CNC production was limited by cellulose depolymerization at low acid concentrations of below 58 wt %, but controlled by CNC degradation when the acid concentration was higher than 58 wt %. This work for the first time provides the most plausible description of CNC production kinetics, which is significant for the commercial production of CNCs. C1 [Wang, Qianqian] Jiangsu Univ, Biofuels Inst, Sch Environm, Zhenjiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Qianqian; Zhao, Xuebing; Zhu, J. Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Inst Appl Chem, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Xuebing] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zhao, XB (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Inst Appl Chem, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM zhaoxb@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; jzhu@fs.fed.us RI Wang, Qianqian/G-1915-2012; Zhao, Xuebing/E-6301-2011 OI Wang, Qianqian/0000-0003-3514-455X; Zhao, Xuebing/0000-0002-4094-268X FU U.S. Forest Service; USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRO Competitive Grant) [2011-67009-20056]; Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC); USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant through the Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance (NARA) [2011-68005-30416] FX This work was conducted while QW. was a visiting student and X.Z. was a Sr. Visiting Scientist at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), U.S. Forest Service, Madison, WI, and on official government time of J.Y.Z. This work was supported by the U.S. Forest Service. Financial support included a USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRO Competitive Grant (No. 2011-67009-20056); the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC); and a USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant (No. 2011-68005-30416), through the Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance (NARA). The funding from these programs made the visiting appointments of QW. and X.Z. at FPL possible. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUL 9 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 27 BP 11007 EP 11014 DI 10.1021/ie501672m PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA AL2UD UT WOS:000338980100020 ER PT J AU De la Cruz, FB Yelle, DJ Gracz, HS Barlaz, MA AF De la Cruz, Florentino B. Yelle, Daniel J. Gracz, Hanna S. Barlaz, Morton A. TI Chemical Changes during Anaerobic Decomposition of Hardwood, Softwood, and Old Newsprint under Mesophilic and Thermophilic Conditions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anaerobic decomposition; CuO oxidation; lignin; HSQC; NMR ID LABORATORY-SCALE LANDFILLS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-WASTE COMPONENTS; SOLUTION-STATE NMR; PLANT-CELL WALLS; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; LIGNIN STRUCTURE; CARBON STORAGE; BIODEGRADATION; SAMPLES AB The anaerobic decomposition of plant biomass is an important aspect of global organic carbon cycling. While the anaerobic metabolism of cellulose and hemicelluloses to methane and carbon dioxide are well-understood, evidence for the initial stages of lignin decomposition is fragmentary. The objective of this study was to look for evidence of chemical transformations of lignin in woody tissues [hardwood (HW), softwood (SW), and old newsprint (ONP)] after anaerobic decomposition using Klason and acid-soluble lignin, CuO oxidation, and 2D NMR. Tests were conducted under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, and lignin associations with structural carbohydrates are retained. For FEW and ONP, the carbon losses could be attributed to cellulose and hemicelluloses, while carbon loss in SW was attributable to an uncharacterized fraction (e.g., extractives etc.). The 2D NMR and chemical degradation methods revealed slight reductions in beta-O-4 linkages for HW and ONP, with no depolymerization of lignin in any substrate. C1 [De la Cruz, Florentino B.; Barlaz, Morton A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Yelle, Daniel J.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Gracz, Hanna S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol & Struct Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP De la Cruz, FB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fbdelacr@ncsu.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation; Waste Management Inc. FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and Waste Management Inc. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 9 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 27 BP 6362 EP 6374 DI 10.1021/jf501653h PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AL2UA UT WOS:000338979800014 PM 24967726 ER PT J AU Bowers, E Hellmich, R Munkvold, G AF Bowers, Erin Hellmich, Richard Munkvold, Gary TI Comparison of Fumonisin Contamination Using HPLC and ELISA Methods in Bt and Near-Isogenic Maize Hybrids Infested with European Corn Borer or Western Bean Cutworm SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bt maize; transgenic maize; GM maize; Lepidoptera; mycotoxin ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CORN; LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; PUERTO-RICO; IMMUNOASSAY; RESISTANCE; KERNELS AB Field trials were conducted from 2007 to 2010 to compare grain fumonisin levels among non-Bt maize hybrids and Bt hybrids with transgenic protection against manual infestations of European corn borer (ECB) and Western bean cutworm (WBC). HPLC and ELISA were used to measure fumonisin levels. Results of the methods were highly correlated, but ELISA estimates were higher. Bt hybrids experienced less insect injury, Fusarium ear rot, and fumonisin contamination compared to non-Bt hybrids. WBC infestation increased fumonisin content compared to natural infestation in non-Bt and hybrids expressing Cry1Ab protein in five of eight possible comparisons; in Cry1F hybrids, WBC did not impact fumonisins. These results indicate that WBC is capable of increasing fumonisin levels in maize. Under WBC infestation, Cry1F mitigated this risk more consistently than Cry1Ab or non-Bt hybrids. Transgenically expressed Bt proteins active against multiple lepidopteran pests can provide broad, consistent reductions in the risk of fumonisin contamination. C1 [Bowers, Erin; Munkvold, Gary] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hellmich, Richard] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bowers, E (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, 160 Seed Sci Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM erin@iastate.edu FU Biotechnology Risk Assessment Program from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Program [2008-33120-19543]; Crop Management Research Award from DuPont Pioneer, Inc., Des Moines, IA FX This project was supported by the Biotechnology Risk Assessment Program competitive Grant No. 2008-33120-19543 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Program. The project also was supported by a Crop Management Research Award from DuPont Pioneer, Inc., Des Moines, IA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 9 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 27 BP 6463 EP 6472 DI 10.1021/jf5011897 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AL2UA UT WOS:000338979800025 PM 24964132 ER PT J AU Kendra, PE Montgomery, WS Niogret, J Pruett, GE Mayfield, AE MacKenzie, M Deyrup, MA Bauchan, GR Ploetz, RC Epsky, ND AF Kendra, Paul E. Montgomery, Wayne S. Niogret, Jerome Pruett, Grechen E. Mayfield, Albert E., III MacKenzie, Martin Deyrup, Mark A. Bauchan, Gary R. Ploetz, Randy C. Epsky, Nancy D. TI North American Lauraceae: Terpenoid Emissions, Relative Attraction and Boring Preferences of Redbay Ambrosia Beetle, Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LAUREL WILT; RAFFAELEA-LAURICOLA; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; MANUKA OIL; PHOEBE OIL; BARK; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SYMBIONT AB The invasive redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is the primary vector of Raffaelea lauricola, a symbiotic fungus and the etiologic agent of laurel wilt. This lethal disease has caused severe mortality of redbay (Persea borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris) trees in the southeastern USA, threatens avocado (P. americana) production in Florida, and has potential to impact additional New World species. To date, all North American hosts of X. glabratus and suscepts of laurel wilt are members of the family Lauraceae. This comparative study combined field tests and laboratory bioassays to evaluate attraction and boring preferences of female X. glabratus using freshly-cut bolts from nine species of Lauraceae: avocado (one cultivar of each botanical race), redbay, swampbay, silkbay (Persea humilis), California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), northern spicebush (Lindera benzoin), camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora), and lancewood (Nectandra coriacea). In addition, volatile collections and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were conducted to quantify terpenoid emissions from test bolts, and electroantennography (EAG) was performed to measure olfactory responses of X. glabratus to terpenoids identified by GC-MS. Significant differences were observed among treatments in both field and laboratory tests. Silkbay and camphor tree attracted the highest numbers of the beetle in the field, and lancewood and spicebush the lowest, whereas boring activity was greatest on silkbay, bay laurel, swampbay, and redbay, and lowest on lancewood, spicebush, and camphor tree. The Guatemalan cultivar of avocado was more attractive than those of the other races, but boring response among the three was equivalent. The results suggest that camphor tree may contain a chemical deterrent to boring, and that different cues are associated with host location and host acceptance. Emissions of alpha-cubebene, alpha-copaene, alpha-humulene, and calamenene were positively correlated with attraction, and EAG analyses confirmed chemoreception of terpenoids by antennal receptors of X. glabratus. C1 [Kendra, Paul E.; Montgomery, Wayne S.; Niogret, Jerome; Epsky, Nancy D.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Pruett, Grechen E.; MacKenzie, Martin] Archbold Biol Stn, Lake Placid, FL USA. [Mayfield, Albert E., III] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC USA. [MacKenzie, Martin] USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Stanislaus Natl Forest, Sonora, CA USA. [Bauchan, Gary R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Elect & Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ploetz, Randy C.] Univ Florida, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL USA. RP Kendra, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM paul.kendra@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS National Plant Disease Recovery System; Florida Avocado Administrative Committee FX Funding was provided by the USDA-ARS National Plant Disease Recovery System and the Florida Avocado Administrative Committee. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 56 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 9 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e102086 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102086 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL3PK UT WOS:000339040600094 PM 25007073 ER PT J AU Koch, FH Yemshanov, D Haack, RA Magarey, RD AF Koch, Frank H. Yemshanov, Denys Haack, Robert A. Magarey, Roger D. TI Using a Network Model to Assess Risk of Forest Pest Spread via Recreational Travel SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; DISPERSAL; FIREWOOD; TRANSPORT; PATHWAYS; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATIONS AB Long-distance dispersal pathways, which frequently relate to human activities, facilitate the spread of alien species. One pathway of concern in North America is the possible spread of forest pests in firewood carried by visitors to campgrounds or recreational facilities. We present a network model depicting the movement of campers and, by extension, potentially infested firewood. We constructed the model from US National Recreation Reservation Service data documenting more than seven million visitor reservations (including visitors from Canada) at campgrounds nationwide. This bi-directional model can be used to identify likely origin and destination locations for a camper-transported pest. To support broad-scale decision making, we used the model to generate summary maps for 48 US states and seven Canadian provinces that depict the most likely origins of campers traveling from outside the target state or province. The maps generally showed one of two basic spatial patterns of out-of-state (or out-of-province) origin risk. In the eastern United States, the riskiest out-of-state origin locations were usually found in a localized region restricted to portions of adjacent states. In the western United States, the riskiest out-of-state origin locations were typically associated with major urban areas located far from the state of interest. A few states and the Canadian provinces showed characteristics of both patterns. These model outputs can guide deployment of resources for surveillance, firewood inspections, or other activities. Significantly, the contrasting map patterns indicate that no single response strategy is appropriate for all states and provinces. If most out-of-state campers are traveling from distant areas, it may be effective to deploy resources at key points along major roads (e.g., interstate highways), since these locations could effectively represent bottlenecks of camper movement. If most campers are from nearby areas, they may have many feasible travel routes, so a more widely distributed deployment may be necessary. C1 [Koch, Frank H.] USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Yemshanov, Denys] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. [Haack, Robert A.] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. [Magarey, Roger D.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Koch, FH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fhkoch@fs.fed.us OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 FU US Department of Agriculture; interdepartmental Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Food Inspection Agency Forest Invasive Alien Species initiative FX This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture and an interdepartmental Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Food Inspection Agency Forest Invasive Alien Species initiative. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 9 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e102105 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102105 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL3PK UT WOS:000339040600095 PM 25007186 ER PT J AU Bassett, CL Baldo, AM Moore, JT Jenkins, RM Soffe, DS Wisniewski, ME Norelli, JL Farrell, RE AF Bassett, Carole Leavel Baldo, Angela M. Moore, Jacob T. Jenkins, Ryan M. Soffe, Doug S. Wisniewski, Michael E. Norelli, John L. Farrell, Robert E., Jr. TI Genes responding to water deficit in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) roots SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Simulated drought; Fruit trees; Quantitative expression; Transcripts ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; CIS-ACTING ELEMENT; PINUS-PINASTER AIT.; ABSCISIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; REGULATED GENE; FOREST TREES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; CICER-ARIETINUM AB Background: Individual plants adapt to their immediate environment using a combination of biochemical, morphological and life cycle strategies. Because woody plants are long-lived perennials, they cannot rely on annual life cycle strategies alone to survive abiotic stresses. In this study we used suppression subtractive hybridization to identify genes both up-and down-regulated in roots during water deficit treatment and recovery. In addition we followed the expression of select genes in the roots, leaves, bark and xylem of 'Royal Gala' apple subjected to a simulated drought and subsequent recovery. Results: In agreement with studies from both herbaceous and woody plants, a number of common drought-responsive genes were identified, as well as a few not previously reported. Three genes were selected for more in depth analysis: a high affinity nitrate transporter (MdNRT2.4), a mitochondrial outer membrane translocase (MdTOM7.1), and a gene encoding an NPR1 homolog (MpNPR1-2). Quantitative expression of these genes in apple roots, bark and leaves was consistent with their roles in nutrition and defense. Conclusions: Additional genes from apple roots responding to drought were identified using suppression subtraction hybridization compared to a previous EST analysis from the same organ. Genes up- and down-regulated during drought recovery in roots were also identified. Elevated levels of a high affinity nitrate transporter were found in roots suggesting that nitrogen uptake shifted from low affinity transport due to the predicted reduction in nitrate concentration in drought-treated roots. Suppression of a NPR1 gene in leaves of drought-treated apple trees may explain in part the increased disease susceptibility of trees subjected to dehydrative conditions. C1 [Bassett, Carole Leavel; Wisniewski, Michael E.; Norelli, John L.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Baldo, Angela M.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Moore, Jacob T.; Jenkins, Ryan M.; Farrell, Robert E., Jr.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, York, PA 17403 USA. [Soffe, Doug S.] Hagerstown Community Coll, Hagerstown, MD 21742 USA. RP Bassett, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Carole.Bassett@ars.usda.gov NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 29 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JUL 8 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 182 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-14-182 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AM0ZQ UT WOS:000339576600001 PM 25004790 ER PT J AU Phillips, PL Welch, JB Kramer, M AF Phillips, Pamela L. Welch, John B. Kramer, Matthew TI Development of a spatially targeted field sampling technique for the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, by mapping white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, habitat in South Texas SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GIS; satellite remote sensing; habitat mapping ID PARASITE-LANDSCAPE INTERACTIONS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; SP POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; VEGETATION INDEX; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; IXODIDAE LARVAE; SEASON; SIMULATION; ANNULATUS AB The objective of our study was to determine whether satellite remote sensed data could be used to identify white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae), habitat and target locations for sampling free-living larvae of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in South Texas. Two methods for mapping white-tailed deer habitat were used, an object-oriented method to identify closed canopies and waterways for deer movement and two vegetation indices: the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and the Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index to identify forage for deer. These two data sets of favorable white-tailed deer habitat were combined within a geographic information system to identify locations for sampling ticks. Larvae of R. (B.) microplus, were sampled in Zapata County, Texas, by walking transects with attached flannel panels to jeans. Although the data set and sampling period were limited, data analysis demonstrated that sampling of free-living larvae of R. (B.) microplus can be conducted in South Texas, and larvae were most abundant in areas that harbored O. virginianus. Spatial analysis of satellite imagery to classify white-tailed deer/southern cattle tick habitat proved efficacious and may be useful in directing sampling activities in the field. C1 [Phillips, Pamela L.] USDA ARS, SRU, KBUSLIRL, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Welch, John B.] USDA APHIS IS Screwworm Eradicat Program, Pacora, Panama. [Kramer, Matthew] USDA ARS BARC, BSC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Phillips, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SRU, KBUSLIRL, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM marcoantoniomourao@yahoo.com.br; pauloenrique@gmail.com NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JUL 8 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 88 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AL1WN UT WOS:000338917100002 PM 25368044 ER PT J AU Riley, R Salamov, AA Brown, DW Nagy, LG Floudas, D Held, BW Levasseur, A Lombard, V Morin, E Otillar, R Lindquist, EA Sun, H LaButti, KM Schmutz, J Jabbour, D Luo, H Baker, SE Pisabarro, AG Walton, JD Blanchette, RA Henrissat, B Martin, F Cullen, D Hibbett, DS Grigoriev, IV AF Riley, Robert Salamov, Asaf A. Brown, Daren W. Nagy, Laszlo G. Floudas, Dimitrios Held, Benjamin W. Levasseur, Anthony Lombard, Vincent Morin, Emmanuelle Otillar, Robert Lindquist, Erika A. Sun, Hui LaButti, Kurt M. Schmutz, Jeremy Jabbour, Dina Luo, Hong Baker, Scott E. Pisabarro, Antonio G. Walton, Jonathan D. Blanchette, Robert A. Henrissat, Bernard Martin, Francis Cullen, Dan Hibbett, David S. Grigoriev, Igor V. TI Extensive sampling of basidiomycete genomes demonstrates inadequacy of the white-rot/brown-rot paradigm for wood decay fungi SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE lignocellulose; hylogenomics; bioenergy ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM; SECONDARY METABOLISM; SERPULA-LACRYMANS; DEGRADING ENZYMES; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; POSTIA-PLACENTA AB Basidiomycota (basidiomycetes) make up 32% of the described fungi and include most wood-decaying species, as well as pathogens and mutualistic symbionts. Wood-decaying basidiomycetes have typically been classified as either white rot or brown rot, based on the ability (in white rot only) to degrade lignin along with cellulose and hemicellulose. Prior genomic comparisons suggested that the two decay modes can be distinguished based on the presence or absence of ligninolytic class II peroxidases (PODs), as well as the abundance of enzymes acting directly on crystalline cellulose (reduced in brown rot). To assess the generality of the white-rot/brown-rot classification paradigm, we compared the genomes of 33 basidiomycetes, including four newly sequenced wood decayers, and performed phylogenetically informed principal-components analysis (PCA) of a broad range of gene families encoding plant biomass-degrading enzymes. The newly sequenced Botryobasidium botryosum and Jaapia argillacea genomes lack PODs but possess diverse enzymes acting on crystalline cellulose, and they group close to the model white-rot species Phanerochaete chrysosporium in the PCA. Furthermore, laboratory assays showed that both B. botryosum and J. argillacea can degrade all polymeric components of woody plant cell walls, a characteristic of white rot. We also found expansions in reducing polyketide synthase genes specific to the brown-rot fungi. Our results suggest a continuum rather than a dichotomy between the white-rot and brown-rot modes of wood decay. A more nuanced categorization of rot types is needed, based on an improved understanding of the genomics and biochemistry of wood decay. C1 [Riley, Robert; Salamov, Asaf A.; Otillar, Robert; Lindquist, Erika A.; Sun, Hui; LaButti, Kurt M.; Schmutz, Jeremy; Grigoriev, Igor V.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Brown, Daren W.] USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Nagy, Laszlo G.; Floudas, Dimitrios; Hibbett, David S.] Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Held, Benjamin W.; Blanchette, Robert A.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Levasseur, Anthony] Aix Marseille Univ, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Mixte Rech 1163, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Lombard, Vincent; Henrissat, Bernard] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Unite Mixte Rech 7257, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Morin, Emmanuelle; Martin, Francis] Univ Lorraine, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Mixte Rech 1136, F-54280 Champenoux, France. [Schmutz, Jeremy] HudsonAlpha Inst Biotechnol, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Jabbour, Dina; Luo, Hong; Walton, Jonathan D.] Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Baker, Scott E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Pisabarro, Antonio G.] Univ Publ Navarra, Dept Agr Prod, Pamplona 31006, Spain. [Cullen, Dan] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Grigoriev, IV (reprint author), US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM dhibbett@clarku.edu; IVGrigoriev@lbl.gov RI Pisabarro, Antonio/K-3622-2014; Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012 OI Pisabarro, Antonio/0000-0001-6987-5794; FU Office of Science of the DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX We thank Jill Gaskell (Forest Products Laboratory) for assistance with cultures and enzyme assays. The work conducted by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the DOE under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. J.D.W. and D.J. were supported by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Contract DE-FC02-07ER64494). B. H. is Honorary Professor at the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen. F.M.'s research group is part of the Laboratory of Excellence for Advanced Research on the Biology of Forest Ecosystems (ANR-11-LABX-0002-01). NR 91 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 11 U2 148 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 8 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 27 BP 9923 EP 9928 DI 10.1073/pnas.1400592111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK6CH UT WOS:000338514800053 PM 24958869 ER PT J AU Lee, MO Yang, E Morisson, M Vignal, A Huang, YZ Cheng, HH Muir, WM Lamont, SJ Lillehoj, HS Lee, SH Womack, JE AF Lee, Mi Ok Yang, Ence Morisson, Mireille Vignal, Alain Huang, Yong-Zhen Cheng, Hans H. Muir, William M. Lamont, Susan J. Lillehoj, Hyun Soon Lee, Sung Hyen Womack, James E. TI Mapping and genotypic analysis of the NK-lysin gene in chicken SO GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID RADIATION HYBRID MAP; 1ST-GENERATION WHOLE-GENOME; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; PANEL; SEQUENCE; MOUSE; CONSTRUCTION; CHROMOSOME-5; ASSIGNMENT AB Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are important elements of the first line of defence against pathogens in animals. NK-lysin is a cationic AMP that plays a critical role in innate immunity. The chicken NK-lysin gene has been cloned and its antimicrobial and anticancer activity has been described but its location in the chicken genome remains unknown. Here, we mapped the NK-lysin gene and examined the distribution of a functionally significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) among different chicken inbred lines and heritage breeds. Results: A 6000 rad radiation hybrid panel (ChickRH6) was used to map the NK-lysin gene to the distal end of chromosome 22. Two additional genes, the adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1-like gene (AEBP1) and the DNA polymerase delta subunit 2-like (POLD2) gene, are located in the same NW_003779909 contig as NK-lysin, and were thus indirectly mapped to chromosome 22 as well. Previously, we reported a functionally significant SNP at position 271 of the NK-lysin coding sequence in two different chicken breeds. Here, we examined this SNP and found that the A allele appears to be more common than the G allele in these heritage breeds and inbred lines. Conclusions: The chicken NK-lysin gene mapped to the distal end of chromosome 22. Two additional genes, AEBP1 and POLD2, were indirectly mapped to chromosome 22 also. SNP analyses revealed that the A allele, which encodes a peptide with a higher antimicrobial activity, is more common than the G allele in our tested inbred lines and heritage breeds. C1 [Lee, Mi Ok; Womack, James E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Yang, Ence] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Morisson, Mireille; Vignal, Alain] INRA, Genet Physiol & Syst Elevage UMR1388, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Morisson, Mireille; Vignal, Alain] Univ Toulouse INPT ENSAT, Genet Physiol & Syst Elevage UMR1388, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Morisson, Mireille; Vignal, Alain] Univ Toulouse INPT ENVT, Genet Physiol & Syst Elevage UMR1388, F-31076 Toulouse, France. [Huang, Yong-Zhen] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Hans H.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Muir, William M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lamont, Susan J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lillehoj, Hyun Soon; Lee, Sung Hyen] ARS, USDA, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Womack, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jwomack@cvm.tamu.edu RI Yang, Ence/C-5938-2014 OI Yang, Ence/0000-0002-9526-2737 FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - ministry of education [2012R1A6A3A03039557] FX This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the ministry of education (2012R1A6A3A03039557). NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0999-193X EI 1297-9686 J9 GENET SEL EVOL JI Genet. Sel. Evol. PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 46 AR 43 DI 10.1186/1297-9686-46-43 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA AM6KL UT WOS:000339973500001 PM 25001618 ER PT J AU Wyatt, VT AF Wyatt, Victor T. TI The Effects of Solvent Polarity and pKa on the Absorption of Solvents into Poly( glutaric acid- glycerol) Films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adsorption; biomaterials; biosynthesis of polymers; gels; polyesters AB In this study, solvent absorption into the matrices of poly(glutaric acid-glycerol) films has been evaluated. It was determined that the combined effects of polarity and the size and shape of the solvent molecule, rather than pKa, have the most significant influence on absorption into the films. Polar aprotic solvents (with solvent polarity index values >4) such as 1,4-dioxane (absorbed 163.8% +/- 0.3% [w/w] of the original weight of the polymer), pyridine (200.4% +/- 3.5%), and dimethyl sulfoxide (186.0% +/- 11.4%) were among the highest absorbed solvents into the polymer matrix. Solvents with polarity index values 4.0 were absorbed poorly (5.3% +/- 1.5%). The polymer films only absorbed 26.5% +/- 2.1% of their weight of most protic solvents (water and mono-alcohols) but absorbed 72.6% +/- 6.5% of ethylene glycol, a diol. The only high absorbing polar protic solvent was acetic acid (131% +/- 13.1%). Except for chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, all of the solvents examined displayed small increases in absorption (7.8%, on average) when the films were desorbed and used again to absorb solvent. Erosion of the films ranged from 0.0% +/- 0.0% to 22.0% +/- 3.2% after 2-10 h absorption cycles. Miscible (7.7% +/- 2.3% to 15.1% +/- 2.2%) and immiscible (12.3% +/- 6.4% to 80.0% +/- 1.9%) solvents were preferentially absorbed from aqueous solutions. However, up to approximately 5% of those absorption values could be from water absorption. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(dagger) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40434. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Wyatt, VT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM victor.wyatt@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 5 PY 2014 VL 131 IS 13 AR 40434 DI 10.1002/app.40434 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AF3GT UT WOS:000334600500067 ER PT J AU Wachira, SW Omar, S Jacob, JW Wahome, M Alborn, HT Spring, DR Masiga, DK Torto, B AF Wachira, Sabina Wangui Omar, Sabar Jacob, Julia Wanjiru Wahome, Martin Alborn, Hans T. Spring, David R. Masiga, Daniel K. Torto, Baldwyn TI Toxicity of six plant extracts and two pyridone alkaloids from Ricinus communis against the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae s.s; Malaria; Mosquito; Alkaloid; Larvicidal; Toxicity; Ricinus coummunis; Tithonia diversifolia ID AZADIRACHTA-INDICA; ARTEMISININ RESISTANCE; SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; PESTICIDES; EMERGENCE; LIMONOIDS; VOLATILES; CAMBODIA AB Background: The African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae s.s., is known to feed selectively on certain plants for sugar sources. However, the adaptive significance of this behaviour especially on how the extracts of such plants impact on the fitness of this vector has not been explored. This study determined the toxicity and larvicidal activity on this vector of extracts from six selected plants found in Kenya and two compounds identified from Ricinus communis: 3-carbonitrile-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone (ricinine), and its carboxylic acid derivative 3-carboxy-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone, the latter compound being reported for the first time from this plant. Methods: Feeding assays tested for toxic effects of extracts from the plants Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd, Bidens pilosa L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Ricinus coummunis L., Senna didymobotrya Fresen. and Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl. on adult females and larvicidal activity was tested against third-instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Mortality of larvae and adult females was monitored for three and eight days, respectively; Probit analysis was used to calculate LC50. Survival was analysed with Kaplan-Meier Model. LC-MS was used to identify the pure compounds. Results: Of the six plants screened, extracts from T. diversifolia and R. communis were the most toxic against adult female mosquitoes after 7 days of feeding, with LC50 of 1.52 and 2.56 mg/mL respectively. Larvicidal activity of all the extracts increased with the exposure time with the highest mortality recorded for the extract from R. communis after 72 h of exposure (LC50 0.18 mg/mL). Mosquitoes fed on solutions of the pure compounds, 3-carboxy-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone and ricinine survived almost as long as those fed on the R. communis extract with mean survival of 4.93 +/- 0.07, 4.85 +/- 0.07 and 4.50 +/- 0.05 days respectively. Conclusions: Overall, these findings demonstrate that extracts from the six plant species exhibit varying bioactivity against the larvae and adult females of An. gambiae s.s. T. diversifolia and R. communis showed highest bioactivity against adult females An. gambiae and larvae while longevity of female An. gambiae s.s. decreased with exposure time to the two pure compounds. C1 [Wachira, Sabina Wangui; Jacob, Julia Wanjiru; Masiga, Daniel K.; Torto, Baldwyn] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Wachira, Sabina Wangui] Ctr Tradit Med & Drug Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Omar, Sabar] Ctr Biotechnol Res Dev, Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Wahome, Martin] Jomo Kenyatta Univ Agr & Technol, Inst Trop Med & Infect Dis ITROMID, Nairobi, Kenya. [Alborn, Hans T.] USDA ARS CMAVE, Gainesville, FL USA. [Spring, David R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. RP Wachira, SW (reprint author), Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, POB 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. EM swachira2013@gmail.com; btorto@icipe.org RI Spring, David/K-2283-2016; OI Spring, David/0000-0001-7355-2824; Masiga, Daniel/0000-0001-7513-0887 FU Training Health Researchers into Vocational Excellence (THRiVE) in East Africa [087540]; Wellcome Trust FX We are grateful to the staff at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Duduville, Nairobi, who provided support without which our research would not have been possible and Komivi Akutse for guidance on data analysis. Special thanks are extended to David Tchouassi and Vincent Nyasembe for helpful comments on the manuscript and Richard Ochieng and Milcah Gitau for their technical support. We thank Simon Mathenge (formerly of the Botany Department, University of Nairobi) for help in identification of plants. The work was supported by Training Health Researchers into Vocational Excellence (THRiVE) in East Africa, Grant number 087540, funded by Wellcome Trust. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the supporting offices. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 24 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD JUL 4 PY 2014 VL 7 AR 312 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-7-312 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA AL4AV UT WOS:000339076100001 PM 24996560 ER PT J AU Wadhwa, A Johonson, RE Eda, K Waters, WR Palmer, MV Bannantine, JP Eda, S AF Wadhwa, Ashutosh Johonson, Rachel E. Eda, Keiko Waters, W. Ray Palmer, Mitchell V. Bannantine, John P. Eda, Shigetoshi TI Evaluation of ethanol vortex ELISA for detection of bovine tuberculosis in cattle and deer SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bovine tuberculosis; Cattle; White-tailed deer; ELISA; Mycobacterium bovis; EVELISA ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; JOHNES-DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC-TEST; RESPONSES; SERODIAGNOSIS; IMMUNOSENSOR; OPTIMIZATION; ANTIBODIES; EVELISA AB Background: The use of serological assays for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (TB) has been intensively studied and use of specific antigens have aided in improving the diagnostic accuracy of the assays. In the present study, we report an in-house enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), developed by using ethanol extract of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). The assay, named (ethanol vortex ELISA [EVELISA]), was evaluated for detection of anti-M. bovis antibodies in the sera of cattle and white-tailed deer. Methods: By using the EVELISA, we tested sera obtained from two species of animals; cattle (n = 62 [uninfected, n = 40; naturally infected, n = 22]) and white-tailed deer (n = 41 [uninfected, n = 25; naturally infected, n = 7; experimentally infected, n = 9]). To detect species specific molecules, components in the ethanol extract were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and western blotting. Results: Among the tested animals, 77.2% of infected cattle and 87.5% of infected deer tested positive for anti-M. bovis antibody. There were only minor false positive reactions (7.5% in cattle and 0% in deer) in uninfected animals. M. bovis -specific lipids and protein (MPB83) in the ethanol extract were detected by thin layer chromatography and western blotting, respectively. Conclusion: The results warrant further evaluation and validation of EVELISA for bovine TB diagnosis of traditional and alternative livestock as well as for free-ranging animal species. C1 [Wadhwa, Ashutosh; Johonson, Rachel E.; Eda, Keiko; Eda, Shigetoshi] Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Waters, W. Ray; Palmer, Mitchell V.; Bannantine, John P.] ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Eda, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM seda@utk.edu OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 FU University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture (UTIA) AgResearch Innovation Grant UTIA Center for Wildlife Health seed grant; M-CERV grant; UTRF Technology Maturation Funding; Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, UTIA, Knoxville FX The work was supported by the following grants to SE: University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture (UTIA) AgResearch Innovation Grant UTIA Center for Wildlife Health seed grant and M-CERV grant, UTRF Technology Maturation Funding and graduate research assistantship to AW by the Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, UTIA, Knoxville. We acknowledge the help and guidance from Dr. Jeffery Nelson and his staff at the Tuberculosis Serum Bank, National Veterinary Service Laboratory, Ames, Iowa. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-6148 J9 BMC VET RES JI BMC Vet. Res. PD JUL 4 PY 2014 VL 10 AR 147 DI 10.1186/1746-6148-10-147 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AL3FX UT WOS:000339013100001 PM 24992970 ER PT J AU Jones, GD Bryant, VM AF Jones, Gretchen D. Bryant, Vaughn M. TI Pollen Studies of East Texas Honey SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE East Texas; honey; pollen; melissopalynology ID MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; NEW-ZEALAND; PALYNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; MONOFLORAL HONEYS; CANADA; VEGETATION; REGION; FOREST; QUEBEC; MELISSOPALYNOLOGY AB Since the beginning of honey production, certain honey types have been favored because they taste better, are better for cooking or do not rapidly crystallize. Thus, they are preferred over others, are in high demand and are sold at higher prices. The pollen of 37 honey samples from East Texas was examined. Pollen was recovered from the honey by using an alcohol-dilution method. Overall, 431 taxa identified into 61 families, 104 genera and 85 species were found in the samples. The number of taxa per sample varied from 17-52. Half of the samples contained 31-40 taxa, indicating a high diversity in botanical origin. Three taxa were found in >50% of the samples and are the most important: Berchemia scandens, Salix nigra and Toxicodendron radicans. Berchemia scandens was found in 89% of the samples and was a predominant type in three samples and an important secondary type in 14. Both Salix nigra and Toxicodendron radicans pollen occurred in 83% of the samples and neither occurred as a predominant or secondary type. Three samples were Berchemia scandens unifloral honey. By examining the pollen in honey, it can determined which habitats honeybees visit, which plants honeybees use as food, if they visit row crops and orchards and their role in pollination. In order to differentiate honey from the United States of America (USA) from honey produced in other countries, the honey from each state must be analyzed. Only by analyzing the pollen in the honey of the USA can it be reliably differentiated from foreign honey that is being sold as produced in the USA. C1 [Jones, Gretchen D.] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Bryant, Vaughn M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anthropol, Palynol Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Bryant, VM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anthropol, Palynol Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM vbryant@tamu.edu NR 111 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-6122 EI 1558-9188 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 38 IS 2 BP 242 EP 258 DI 10.1080/01916122.2014.899276 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA AR8HL UT WOS:000343816200006 ER PT J AU Crosby, J Peloso, GM Auer, PL Crosslin, DR Stitziel, NO Lange, LA Lu, YC Tang, ZZ Zhang, H Hindy, G Masca, N Stirrups, K Kanoni, S Do, R Jun, G Hu, YN Kang, HM Xue, CY Goel, A Farrall, M Duga, S Merlini, PA Asselta, R Girelli, D Olivieri, O Martinelli, N Yin, W Reilly, D Speliotes, E Fox, CS Hveem, K Holmen, OL Nikpay, M Farlow, DN Assimes, TL Franceschini, N Robinson, J North, KE Martin, LW DePristo, M Gupta, N Escher, SA Jansson, JH Van Zuydam, N Palmer, CNA Wareham, N Koch, W Meitinger, T Peters, A Lieb, W Erbel, R Konig, IR Kruppa, J Degenhardt, F Gottesman, O Bottinger, EP O'Donnell, CJ Psaty, BM Ballantyne, CM Abecasis, G Ordovas, JM Melander, O Watkins, H Orho-Melander, M Ardissino, D Loos, RJF McPherson, R Willer, CJ Erdmann, J Hall, AS Samani, NJ Deloukas, P Schunkert, H Wilson, JG Kooperberg, C Rich, SS Tracy, RP Lin, DY Altshuler, D Gabriel, S Nickerson, DA Jarvik, GP Cupples, LA Reiner, AP Boerwinkle, E Kathiresan, S AF Crosby, Jacy Peloso, Gina M. Auer, Paul L. Crosslin, David R. Stitziel, Nathan O. Lange, Leslie A. Lu, Yingchang Tang, Zheng-zheng Zhang, He Hindy, George Masca, Nicholas Stirrups, Kathleen Kanoni, Stavroula Do, Ron Jun, Goo Hu, Youna Kang, Hyun Min Xue, Chenyi Goel, Anuj Farrall, Martin Duga, Stefano Merlini, Pier Angelica Asselta, Rosanna Girelli, Domenico Olivieri, Oliviero Martinelli, Nicola Yin, Wu Reilly, Dermot Speliotes, Elizabeth Fox, Caroline S. Hveem, Kristian Holmen, Oddgeir L. Nikpay, Majid Farlow, Deborah N. Assimes, Themistocles L. Franceschini, Nora Robinson, Jennifer North, Kari E. Martin, Lisa W. DePristo, Mark Gupta, Namrata Escher, Stefan A. Jansson, Jan-Hakan Van Zuydam, Natalie Palmer, Colin N. A. Wareham, Nicholas Koch, Werner Meitinger, Thomas Peters, Annette Lieb, Wolfgang Erbel, Raimund Konig, Inke R. Kruppa, Jochen Degenhardt, Franziska Gottesman, Omri Bottinger, Erwin P. O'Donnell, Christopher J. Psaty, Bruce M. Ballantyne, Christie M. Abecasis, Goncalo Ordovas, Jose M. Melander, Olle Watkins, Hugh Orho-Melander, Marju Ardissino, Diego Loos, Ruth J. F. McPherson, Ruth Willer, Cristen J. Erdmann, Jeanette Hall, Alistair S. Samani, Nilesh J. Deloukas, Panos Schunkert, Heribert Wilson, James G. Kooperberg, Charles Rich, Stephen S. Tracy, Russell P. Lin, Dan-Yu Altshuler, David Gabriel, Stacey Nickerson, Deborah A. Jarvik, Gail P. Cupples, L. Adrienne Reiner, Alex P. Boerwinkle, Eric Kathiresan, Sekar CA Exome Sequencing Project Natl Heart Lung Blood Inst TI Loss-of-Function Mutations in APOC3, Triglycerides, and Coronary Disease SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN C-III; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES; RICH LIPOPROTEINS; RARE VARIANTS; HEART-DISEASE; HUMAN EXOMES; DESIGN; ASSOCIATION; PCSK9 AB Background Plasma triglyceride levels are heritable and are correlated with the risk of coronary heart disease. Sequencing of the protein-coding regions of the human genome (the exome) has the potential to identify rare mutations that have a large effect on phenotype. Methods We sequenced the protein-coding regions of 18,666 genes in each of 3734 participants of European or African ancestry in the Exome Sequencing Project. We conducted tests to determine whether rare mutations in coding sequence, individually or in aggregate within a gene, were associated with plasma triglyceride levels. For mutations associated with triglyceride levels, we subsequently evaluated their association with the risk of coronary heart disease in 110,970 persons. Results An aggregate of rare mutations in the gene encoding apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) was associated with lower plasma triglyceride levels. Among the four mutations that drove this result, three were loss-of-function mutations: a nonsense mutation (R19X) and two splice-site mutations (IVS2+1G -> A and IVS3+1G -> T). The fourth was a missense mutation (A43T). Approximately 1 in 150 persons in the study was a heterozygous carrier of at least one of these four mutations. Triglyceride levels in the carriers were 39% lower than levels in noncarriers (P<1x10(-20)), and circulating levels of APOC3 in carriers were 46% lower than levels in noncarriers (P = 8x10(-10)). The risk of coronary heart disease among 498 carriers of any rare APOC3 mutation was 40% lower than the risk among 110,472 noncarriers (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.47 to 0.75; P = 4x10(-6)). Conclusions Rare mutations that disrupt APOC3 function were associated with lower levels of plasma triglycerides and APOC3. Carriers of these mutations were found to have a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others.) C1 [Crosby, Jacy] Univ Texas Houston, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Syst Biol, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Crosby, Jacy; Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ballantyne, Christie M.; Boerwinkle, Eric] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ballantyne, Christie M.] Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vasc Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Peloso, Gina M.; Do, Ron; Altshuler, David; Kathiresan, Sekar] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Peloso, Gina M.; Do, Ron; Altshuler, David; Kathiresan, Sekar] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Peloso, Gina M.; Do, Ron; Altshuler, David; Kathiresan, Sekar] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. [Yin, Wu; Reilly, Dermot] Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd, Boston, MA USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Peloso, Gina M.; Do, Ron; Farlow, Deborah N.; DePristo, Mark; Gupta, Namrata; Altshuler, David; Gabriel, Stacey; Kathiresan, Sekar] Broad Inst, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA USA. [Auer, Paul L.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Publ Hlth, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Crosslin, David R.; Nickerson, Deborah A.; Jarvik, Gail P.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Crosslin, David R.; Jarvik, Gail P.] Univ Washington, Dept Med Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Reiner, Alex P.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Psaty, Bruce M.] Univ Washington, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Psaty, Bruce M.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Psaty, Bruce M.] Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Grp Hlth Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Kooperberg, Charles; Reiner, Alex P.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA USA. [Stitziel, Nathan O.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Div, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Stitziel, Nathan O.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Lange, Leslie A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Tang, Zheng-zheng; Lin, Dan-Yu] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Franceschini, Nora; North, Kari E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [North, Kari E.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Ctr Genome Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Lu, Yingchang; Gottesman, Omri; Bottinger, Erwin P.; Loos, Ruth J. F.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Charles Bronfman Inst Personalized Med, New York, NY USA. [Loos, Ruth J. F.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Mindich Child Hlth & Dev Inst, New York, NY USA. [Zhang, He; Speliotes, Elizabeth; Willer, Cristen J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zhang, He; Xue, Chenyi; Speliotes, Elizabeth; Willer, Cristen J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Computat Med & Bioinformat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zhang, He; Willer, Cristen J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jun, Goo; Hu, Youna; Kang, Hyun Min; Abecasis, Goncalo] Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Speliotes, Elizabeth] Univ Michigan, Div Gastroenterol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Abecasis, Goncalo] Univ Michigan, Ctr Stat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hindy, George; Orho-Melander, Marju] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Clin Res Ctr, Malmo, Sweden. [Escher, Stefan A.] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Malmo, Sweden. [Melander, Olle] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Diabet & Endocrinol, Malmo, Sweden. Malmo Univ Hosp, Malmo, Sweden. [Jansson, Jan-Hakan] Skelleftea Hosp, Dept Med, Skelleftea, Sweden. [Jansson, Jan-Hakan] Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Umea, Sweden. [Masca, Nicholas; Samani, Nilesh J.] Univ Leicester, Dept Cardiovasc Sci, Leicester, Leics, England. [Masca, Nicholas; Samani, Nilesh J.] Natl Inst Hlth Res Leicester, Cardiovasc Biomed Res Unit, Leicester, Leics, England. [Stirrups, Kathleen; Kanoni, Stavroula; Deloukas, Panos] Queen Mary Univ London, William Harvey Res Inst, Barts & London Sch Med & Dent, London, England. [Goel, Anuj; Farrall, Martin; Watkins, Hugh] Univ Oxford, Radcliffe Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford, England. [Van Zuydam, Natalie; Palmer, Colin N. A.] Univ Dundee, Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Med Res Inst, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland. [Wareham, Nicholas; Cupples, L. Adrienne] Addenbrookes Hosp, Med Res Council Epidemiol Unit, Inst Metab Sci, Cambridge, England. [Deloukas, Panos] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England. [Hall, Alistair S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Med, Div Epidemiol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Duga, Stefano; Asselta, Rosanna] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Biotecnol Med & Med Traslaz, Milan, Italy. [Merlini, Pier Angelica] Osped Niguarda Ca Granda, Div Cardiol, Milan, Italy. [Girelli, Domenico; Olivieri, Oliviero; Martinelli, Nicola] Univ Verona, Dept Med, Sch Med, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Ardissino, Diego] Azienda Osped Univ Parma, Div Cardiol, Parma, Italy. [Fox, Caroline S.; O'Donnell, Christopher J.] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Fox, Caroline S.] Ctr Populat Studies, Framingham, MA USA. [Hveem, Kristian; Holmen, Oddgeir L.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Nord Trondelag Hlth Study HUNT Res Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. [Hveem, Kristian] Levanger Hosp, Levanger, Norway. [Holmen, Oddgeir L.] Univ Trondheim Hosp, St Olav Hosp, Trondheim, Norway. [Nikpay, Majid; McPherson, Ruth] Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Div Cardiol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Assimes, Themistocles L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Robinson, Jennifer] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Coll Publ Hlth, Ames, IA USA. [Robinson, Jennifer] Univ Iowa, Dept Med, Coll Publ Hlth, Ames, IA USA. [Martin, Lisa W.] Washington Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Div Cardiol, Washington, DC USA. [Koch, Werner; Schunkert, Heribert] Deutsch Herzzentrum Munich, Munich, Germany. [Koch, Werner] Tech Univ Munich, Klinikum Rechts Isar, Med Klin, D-80290 Munich, Germany. [Meitinger, Thomas] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Human Genet, D-80290 Munich, Germany. [Koch, Werner; Peters, Annette] German Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Munich, Germany. [Peters, Annette] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Epidemiol 2, Neuherberg, Germany. [Lieb, Wolfgang] Univ Kiel, Inst Epidemiol & Biobank popgen, Kiel, Germany. [Erbel, Raimund] West German Heart Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Essen, Germany. [Konig, Inke R.; Kruppa, Jochen] Univ Lubeck, Univ Klinikum Schleswig Holstein, Inst Med Biometrie & Stat, Lubeck, Germany. [Erdmann, Jeanette] Univ Lubeck, Univ Klinikum Schleswig Holstein, Inst Integrat & Expt Genom, Lubeck, Germany. [Konig, Inke R.; Kruppa, Jochen] Univ Lubeck, Univ Klinikum Schleswig Holstein, Lubeck, Germany. [Erdmann, Jeanette] DZHK German Res Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Lubeck, Germany. [Degenhardt, Franziska] Univ Bonn, Inst Human Genet, Bonn, Germany. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Invest, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Inst Madrileno Estudios Avanzados Alimentac, Madrid, Spain. [Deloukas, Panos] King Abdulaziz Univ, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Wilson, James G.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Jackson, MS USA. [Rich, Stephen S.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Publ Hlth Gen, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Tracy, Russell P.] Univ Vermont, Dept Pathol, Coll Med, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Tracy, Russell P.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biochem, Coll Med, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Kathiresan, S (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, 185 Cambridge St,CPZN 5-252, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM skathiresan@partners.org RI Erdmann, Jeanette/P-7513-2014; Deloukas, Panos/B-2922-2013; Jarvik, Gail/N-6476-2014; Hindy, George/H-1864-2016; Palmer, Colin/C-7053-2008; Meitinger, Thomas/O-1318-2015; Peters, Annette/A-6117-2011; Martinelli, Nicola/J-5622-2016; Study, GoDARTS/K-9448-2016; Lieb, Wolfgang/C-1990-2012; Jun, Goo/F-1941-2017 OI Martin, Lisa Warsinger/0000-0003-4352-0914; Erdmann, Jeanette/0000-0002-4486-6231; Stitziel, Nathan/0000-0002-4963-8211; Duga, Stefano/0000-0003-3457-1410; Watkins, Hugh/0000-0002-5287-9016; Assimes, Themistocles/0000-0003-2349-0009; Deloukas, Panos/0000-0001-9251-070X; Jarvik, Gail/0000-0002-6710-8708; Asselta, Rosanna/0000-0001-5351-0619; Hindy, George/0000-0002-7257-9299; Palmer, Colin/0000-0002-6415-6560; Martinelli, Nicola/0000-0001-6465-5119; Jun, Goo/0000-0003-0891-0204 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute FX Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others. NR 40 TC 159 Z9 165 U1 5 U2 28 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 371 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa1307095 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AK2RA UT WOS:000338265700006 ER PT J AU Taliercio, E Kim, SW AF Taliercio, Earl Kim, Sung Woo TI Identification of a second major antigenic epitope in the alpha-subunit of soy beta-conglycinin SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seed storage protein; soybean; allergen; pig; IgG; swine; epitope ID EARLY-WEANED PIGS; GLYCININ; ALLERGEN; HYPERSENSITIVITY AB Soybean meal in the post-weaning diet of pigs results in a growth lag correlated with Immunoglobulin G (IgG) production against soybean proteins, including the seed storage protein beta-conglycinin. We screened sera from 30 pigs for IgG directed against beta-conglycinin. Analysis of the same sera on protein blots identified sera that had IgG against the alpha-subunit of beta-conglycinin. A tiled peptide array (16 amino acids with an 11 amino acid overlap) of the alpha-subunit of beta-conglycinin was screened to identify the epitopes of the alpha-subunit that bind IgG. One major IgG binding epitope previously identified was confirmed. A second major IgG binding epitope was identified that bound IgG from half of the animals tested. Minor epitopes that bound IgG from one or two other sera were also identified. Binding of IgG to beta-conglycinin in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was inhibited by a synthetic peptide representing one of the minor epitopes. C1 [Taliercio, Earl] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kim, Sung Woo] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Taliercio, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Earl.Taliercio@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [6645-21000-028-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA Research Project #6645-21000-028-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-0105 EI 1465-3443 J9 FOOD AGR IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 3 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1080/09540105.2013.791969 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA AF6LD UT WOS:000334825700002 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Tunick, MH Mukhopadhyay, S AF Onwulata, C. I. Tunick, M. H. Mukhopadhyay, S. TI Flow Behavior of Mixed-Protein Incipient Gels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES LA English DT Article DE Microstructure; Viscosity; Viscoelastic; Steady shear; Protein blends; Solubility ID WHEY-PROTEIN; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; EGG-ALBUMIN; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; GLOBULAR PROTEIN; INDUCED GELATION; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; SOLUBILITY AB Strong protein gel networks may result from synergistic interactions with other proteins or food materials above that are not achievable with a single protein alone. The varying flow and viscoelastic behavior of calcium caseinate or whey protein isolate mixed with egg albumin, fish protein isolate, soy protein isolate, or wheat gluten in a model system with wheat flour and glycerol as starch and oil surrogates was determined. Temperature sweeps revealed peak tan delta values as the proteins aggregated. Single protein gels of calcium caseinate, soy protein isolate, and wheat gluten were predominantly elastic, while egg albumin and whey protein isolate gels were mostly viscous. For example, egg albumin steady shear viscosities were: 0.0145 Pa s (0.5 min) and 0.1331 Pa s (45 min), and whey protein isolate 0.0003 Pa s (0.5 min) and 0.0024 Pa s (45 min); but combined with whey protein isolate (whey protein isolate/egg albumin: 10/5 wt%), the apparent viscosity values dropped to 0.0053 Pa.s (0.5 min) and 0.0221 Pa s (45 min), respectively. C1 [Onwulata, C. I.; Tunick, M. H.; Mukhopadhyay, S.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM charles.onwulata@osec.usda.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1094-2912 EI 1532-2386 J9 INT J FOOD PROP JI Int. J. Food Prop. PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1283 EP 1302 DI 10.1080/10942912.2012.709208 PG 20 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AE4XY UT WOS:000333992300009 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, Mendel TI Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Properties of Wines and Winery Byproducts in Relation to Their Flavonoid Content SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE adverse effects; antibacterial; antibiotic properties; antifungal; antiinflammatory effects; antioxidative effects; antiviral; flavonoids; food; grape pomace; grape seeds; grape skins; grapevine leaves and stems; human infections; immunostimulating effects; microbial food safety; microbial toxins; oral bacteria; parasites; pathogens; research needs; sensory properties; wine; wine byproducts; wine compostion; wine marinades ID GRAPE SEED EXTRACT; VITIS-VINIFERA L.; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HETEROCYCLIC AROMATIC-AMINES; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SHIITAKE MUSHROOM MYCELIA; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CABERNET-SAUVIGNON WINE; TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS AB Grapes produce organic compounds that may be involved in the defense of the plants against invading phytopathogens. These metabolites include numerous phenolic compounds that are also active against human pathogens. Grapes are used to produce a variety of wines, grape juices, and raisins. Grape pomace, seeds, and skins, the remains of the grapes that are a byproduct of winemaking, also contain numerous bioactive compounds that differ from those found in grapes and wines. This overview surveys and interprets our present knowledge of the activities of wines and winery byproducts and some of their bioactive components against foodborne (Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus), medical (Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae), and oral pathogenic bacteria, viruses (adeno, cytomegalo, hepatitis, noro, rota), fungi (Candida albicans, Botrytis cinerea), parasites (Eimeria tenella, Trichomonas vaginalis), and microbial toxins (ochratoxin A, Shiga toxin) in culture, in vivo, and in/on food (beef, chicken, frankfurters, hot dogs, lettuce, oysters, peppers, pork, sausages, soup, spinach) in relation to composition and sensory properties. Also covered are antimicrobial wine marinades, antioxidative and immunostimulating aspects, and adverse effects associated with wine consumption. The collated information and suggested research needs might facilitate and guide further studies needed to optimize the use of wines and byproducts to help improve microbial food safety and prevent or treat animal and human infections. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Mendel.Fridman@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 237 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 22 U2 150 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 2 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 26 BP 6025 EP 6042 DI 10.1021/jf501266s PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AK8QK UT WOS:000338692900001 PM 24945318 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Sun, JH Chen, P Zhang, RW Fan, XE Li, LW Harnly, JM AF Lin, Long-Ze Sun, Jianghao Chen, Pei Zhang, Ren-Wei Fan, Xiao-E Li, Lai-Wei Harnly, James M. TI Profiling of Glucosinolates and Flavonoids in Rorippa indica (Linn.) Hiern. (Cruciferae) by UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMSn SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glucosinolates; flavonol glycosides; Rorippa indica (Cruciferae); Chinese wild vegetable; Chinese herb; UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMSn; compound identification; main compound quantification ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACID-DERIVATIVES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ION-TRAP; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; IDENTIFICATION; ISOTHIOCYANATES; SPROUTS; QUANTIFICATION AB An UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMSn profiling method was used to identify the glucosinolates and flavonoids of Rorippa indica (Cruciferae), a wild vegetable and Chinese herb used to treat cough, diarrhea, and rheumatoid arthritis. Thirty-three glucosinolates, more than 40 flavonol glycosides, and 18 other phenolic and common organic compounds were identified. The glucosinolates and polyphenols were separated by UHPLC. High-resolution deprotonated molecules provided high accuracy mass values that were used to determine formulas and provide putative identification of the glucosinolates and flavonoids. The fragments from multistage mass spectrometry were used to elucidate the structures. The concentrations of the main components were based on UV peak areas and molar relative response factors with a single calibration standard. This study found this plant to be a rich source for glucosinolates, containing 24 new glucosinolates, including 14 glucosylated glucosinolates that were previously unidentified. C1 [Lin, Long-Ze; Sun, Jianghao; Chen, Pei; Harnly, James M.] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zhang, Ren-Wei; Fan, Xiao-E; Li, Lai-Wei] Longjin Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 161,BARC East,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM longze.lin@ars.usda.gov RI Sun, Jianghao/A-6134-2010 FU Agriculture Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX This research is supported by the Agriculture Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 2 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 26 BP 6118 EP 6129 DI 10.1021/jf405538d PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AK8QK UT WOS:000338692900010 PM 24893216 ER PT J AU Bower, AM Hernandez, LMR Berhow, MA de Mejia, EG AF Bower, Allyson M. Hernandez, Luis M. Real Berhow, Mark A. de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez TI Bioactive Compounds from Culinary Herbs Inhibit a Molecular Target for Type 2 Diabetes Management, Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hispidulin; marjoram; oregano; rosemary; type 2 diabetes mellitus; DPP-IV; PTP1B ID ROSEMARY ROSMARINUS-OFFICINALIS; MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE 1B; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES; MEDICINAL HERBS; EXTRACTS; LAMIACEAE; LIPPIA; PLANTS AB Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare), marjoram (Origanum majorana), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), and Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) are concentrated sources of bioactive compounds. The aims were to characterize and examine extracts from greenhouse-grown or commercially purchased herbs for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), enzymes that play a role in insulin secretion and insulin signaling, respectively. Greenhouse herbs contained more polyphenols (302.7-430.1 mu g of gallic acid equivalents/mg of dry weight of extract (DWE)) and flavonoids (370.1-661.4 mu g of rutin equivalents/mg of DWE) compared to the equivalent commercial herbs. Greenhouse rosemary, Mexican oregano, and marjoram extracts were the best inhibitors of DPP-IV (IC50 = 16, 29, and 59 mu M, respectively). Commercial rosemary, Mexican oregano, and marjoram were the best inhibitors of PTP1B (32.4-40.9% at 500 mu M). The phytochemicals eriodictyol, naringenin, hispidulin, cirsimaritin, and carnosol were identified by LC ESI-MS as being present in greenhouse-grown Mexican oregano and rosemary. Computational modeling indicated that hispidulin, carnosol, and eriodictyol would have the best binding affinities for DPP-IV. Biochemically, the best inhibitors of DPP-IV were cirsimaritin (IC50 = 0.43 +/- 0.07 mu M), hispidulin (IC50 = 0.49 +/- 0.06 mu M), and naringenin (IC50 = 2.5 +/- 0.29 mu M). Overall, herbs contain several flavonoids that inhibit DPP-IV and should be investigated further regarding their potential in diabetes management. C1 [Bower, Allyson M.; de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez] Univ Illinois, Div Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hernandez, Luis M. Real; de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Berhow, Mark A.] USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP de Mejia, EG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Div Nutr Sci, 228 ERML,1201 West Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM edemejia@illinois.edu FU Division of Nutritional Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; National Science Foundation; USDA FX We thank the Division of Nutritional Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for a Jonathan Baldwin Turner Fellowship, the National Science Foundation for a Mentoring in New Biology Fellowship, and the USDA for a Multicultural Advocates in Nutrition Needs and Agriculture Scholarship. NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 2 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 26 BP 6147 EP 6158 DI 10.1021/jf500639f PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AK8QK UT WOS:000338692900013 PM 24881464 ER PT J AU Li, ZG Su, SK Hamilton, M Yan, LM Chen, YP AF Li, Zhiguo Su, Songkun Hamilton, Michele Yan, Limin Chen, Yanping TI The ability to cause infection in a pathogenic fungus uncovers a new biological feature of honey bee viruses SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Honey bee viruses; Ascosphaera apis; Chalkbrood; Infection; Replication ID DEFORMED-WING VIRUS; QUEEN CELL VIRUS; APIS-MELLIFERA; VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; PARALYSIS VIRUS; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; ASCOSPHAERA-APIS; COLONY COLLAPSE; PCR ANALYSIS; PLANT AB We demonstrated that honey bee viruses including Deformed wing virus (DWV), Black queen cell virus (BQCV) and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) could infect and replicate in the fungal pathogen Ascosph-aera apis that causes honey bee chalkbrood disease, revealing a novel biological feature of honey bee viruses. The phylogenetic analysis show that viruses of fungal and honey bee origins form two clusters in the phylogenetic trees distinctly and that host range of honey bee viruses is dynamic. Further studies are warranted to investigate the impact of the viruses on the fitness of their fungal host and phenotypic effects the virus-fungus combination has on honey bee hosts. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Li, Zhiguo; Su, Songkun; Yan, Limin] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Su, Songkun] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Bee Sci, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Hamilton, Michele; Chen, Yanping] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, BARC East, Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM judy.chen@ars.usda.gov FU China Scholarship Council; earmarked funds for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System [CARS-45-KXJ3]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31340061]; USDA-CAP grant [2009-85118-05718] FX This research was supported by China Scholarship Council and earmarked funds for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (No. CARS-45-KXJ3), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31340061), and the USDA-CAP grant (2009-85118-05718). NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 38 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 120 BP 18 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2014.05.002 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CA5QL UT WOS:000348962800004 PM 24825460 ER PT J AU Reddy, GVP Tangtrakulwanich, K Wu, SH Miller, JH Ophus, VL Prewett, J Jaronski, ST AF Reddy, Gadi V. P. Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn Wu, Shaohui Miller, John H. Ophus, Victoria L. Prewett, Julie Jaronski, Stefan T. TI Evaluation of the effectiveness of entomopathogens for the management of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) on spring wheat SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wireworms; Metarhizium brunneum; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium robertsii; Spring wheat ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; AGRIOTES SPP.; FUNGUS; GRAIN; CURCULIONIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BOSTRICHIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; MORTALITY AB Wireworms, the larval stage of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), are serious soil dwelling pests of small grains, corn, sugar beets, and potatoes. Limonius californicus and Hypnoidus bicolor are the predominant wireworm species infesting wheat in Montana, particularly in the 'Golden Triangle' area of north-central Montana. Wireworm populations in field crops are increasing, but currently available insecticides provide only partial control, and no alternative management tools exist. In our study, three entomopathogenic fungi were tested for their efficacy against wireworms in spring wheat at two field locations (Ledger and Conrad, Montana, USA) in 2013. The three fungi (Metarhizium brunneum F52, Beauveria bassiana GHA, and Metarhizium robertsii DWR 346) were evaluated as seed-coat, in-furrow granular, and soil band-over-row drench applications in addition to imidacloprid (Gaucho 600) seed treatment (as a chemical check), the approach currently being used by growers. Wireworm damage in these treatments was evaluated as standing plant counts, wireworm population surveys, and yield. The three fungi, applied as formulated granules or soil drenches, and the imidacloprid seed treatment all resulted in significantly higher plant stand counts and yields at both locations than the fungus-coated seed treatments or the untreated control. Significant differences were detected among the application methods but not among the species of fungi within each application method. All three fungi, when applied as granules in furrow or as soil drenches, were more effective than when used as seed-coating treatments for wireworm control, and provided an efficacy comparable or superior to imidacloprid. The fungi used in this study provided significant plant and yield protection under moderate wireworm pressure, supporting their value in the management of this pest. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Reddy, Gadi V. P.; Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn; Wu, Shaohui; Miller, John H.; Ophus, Victoria L.; Prewett, Julie] Montana State Univ, Western Triangle Agr Res Ctr, Conrad, MT 59425 USA. [Jaronski, Stefan T.] ARS, USDA, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Reddy, GVP (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Western Triangle Agr Res Ctr, 9546 Old Shelby Rd,POB 656, Conrad, MT 59425 USA. EM reddy@montana.edu RI Reddy, Gadi /J-5270-2015 OI Reddy, Gadi /0000-0001-6377-0721 FU Montana Wheat and Barley Committee; USDA Multistate Project [S-1052] FX This work was supported by Montana Wheat and Barley Committee and USDA Multistate Project S-1052, The Working Group on Improving Microbial Control of Arthropod Pests Covering Research in Montana. We would also like to thank Mark Grubb and Jerry Hepp for providing their fields to carry out the present work. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 120 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2014.05.005 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CA5QL UT WOS:000348962800008 PM 24944009 ER PT J AU Clark, JR Demchak, K Finn, CE Lowe, JD Pomper, KW Crabtree, SB AF Clark, John R. Demchak, Kathy Finn, Chad E. Lowe, Jeremiah D. Pomper, Kirk W. Crabtree, Sheri B. TI 'Black Magic'(TM) (APF-77) Primocane-Fruiting Blackberry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Rubus; fruit breeding; small fruits; postharvest handling AB 'Black Magic'(TM) (US plant patented as APF-77), is a thorny (botanically spiny), primocane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) intended for use primarily as a home garden or local-market plant. This unique type of blackberry bears fruit on currentseason canes (primocanes) and second-season canes (floricanes), potentially providing for crops in the traditional summer season and an additional late-summer to fall season. This new introduction produces large berries with good flavor, has good productivity compared to some prior primocane-fruiting releases, and exhibits some flower and fruit set heat tolerance on the primocanes compared to other primocane-fruiting genotypes in the Arkansas breeding program. It does not have good postharvest storage potential however, and it is not recommended for the wholesale fresh market. C1 [Clark, John R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Demchak, Kathy] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Finn, Chad E.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Lowe, Jeremiah D.; Pomper, Kirk W.; Crabtree, Sheri B.] Kentucky State Univ, Coll Agr Food Sci & Sustainable Syst, Alwood Res Facil, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Clark, JR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 68 IS 3 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA CA1PT UT WOS:000348685000006 ER PT J AU Zhao, PF Todd, J Zhao, J Liu, JY Yao, L Hou, CX Zan, FG Xia, HM Yang, K Wu, CW Chen, XK AF Zhao, Peifang Todd, James Zhao, Jun Liu, Jiayong Yao, Li Hou, Chaoxiang Zan, Fenggang Xia, Hongming Yang, Kun Wu, Caiwen Chen, Xuekuan TI Evaluating sugarcane families by the method of Dynamic Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (DTOPSIS) SO BRAGANTIA LA English DT Article DE Dynamic Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (DTOPSIS); family selection; Saccharum officinarum L. ID SELECTION AB Enlarging the quantity of seedlings of elite families and discarding inferior sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families could improve sugarcane breeding and selection efficiency. The feasibility of using the method Dynamic Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (DTOPSIS) method was explored to identify superior sugarcane families. Data on 5 traits: Brix, millable stalks per stool (MS), stalk diameter (SD), plant height (PH), and percent pith were collected from two family trials having 17 families and two check cultivars at two sites including plant-cane and first-ratoon crops. The rest of the seedlings were planted into field for routine selection in the regular program. The DTOPSIS method calculates a comprehensive index (C-i) which expresses the closeness of a solution to the ideal solution and was used in this study to test the distance of each family to the ideal family. The C-i of the families was compared to the family selection rate in the regular program by determining the selection rate at Stage 1 to Stage 4 for each family in the regular program. The result indicated that the C-i values calculated from family trials were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated to the selection rate at Stage 2 (r = 0.8059), Stage3 (r = 0.7967), and Stage 4 (r = 0.8202), and indicating that promising clones were selected from families with higher C-i values in the family trial. Thus, it could be feasible to use DTOPSIS to determine elite sugarcane families and to eliminate inferior families and thereby, increasing the variety selection efficiency. C1 [Zhao, Peifang; Zhao, Jun; Liu, Jiayong; Yao, Li; Hou, Chaoxiang; Zan, Fenggang; Xia, Hongming; Yang, Kun; Wu, Caiwen; Chen, Xuekuan] Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Yunnan Sugarcane Res Inst, Kaiyuan 661699, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Peifang; Zhao, Jun; Liu, Jiayong; Yao, Li; Hou, Chaoxiang; Zan, Fenggang; Xia, Hongming; Yang, Kun; Wu, Caiwen; Chen, Xuekuan] Yunnan Key Lab Sugarcane Genet Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. [Todd, James] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn Canal Point, Canal Point, FL USA. RP Chen, XK (reprint author), Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Yunnan Sugarcane Res Inst, 363 East Lingquan Rd, Kaiyuan 661699, Yunnan, Peoples R China. EM chxk_ysri@163.com FU Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System [CARS-20-1-1]; Earmarked Fund for Yunnan Province Agriculture Research System; Yunnan Provincial fund for exploiting key products [2012BB014] FX This study was supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-20-1-1), the Earmarked Fund for Yunnan Province Agriculture Research System, and Yunnan Provincial fund for exploiting key products (2012BB014). The authors are grateful to the pre-review and language correction by Dr. Jack. C. Comstock (Plant pathologist) and Dr. Serge J. Edme (Research geneticist) of USDA - ARS Sugarcane Field Station at Canal Point, FL. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INST AGRONOMICO PI CAMPINAS PA CAIXA POSTAL 28, CAMPINAS, SP 00000, BRAZIL SN 1678-4499 J9 BRAGANTIA JI Bragantia PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 73 IS 3 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1590/1678-4499.0126 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Geology SC Agriculture; Geology GA AY2KR UT WOS:000347419600003 ER PT J AU Bull, CT Coutinho, TA Denny, TP Firrao, G Fischer-Le Saux, M Li, X Saddler, GS Scortichini, M Stead, DE Takikawa, Y AF Bull, C. T. Coutinho, T. A. Denny, T. P. Firrao, G. Fischer-Le Saux, M. Li, X. Saddler, G. S. Scortichini, M. Stead, D. E. Takikawa, Y. TI LIST OF NEW NAMES OF PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA (2011-2012) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV.; SP. NOV.; NOMENCLATURE; TUMORS AB The International Society of Plant Pathology Committee on the Taxonomy of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria has responsibility to evaluate the names of newly proposed pathovars for adherence to the International Standards for Naming Pathovars of Phytopathogenic Bacteria. Currently, the Comprehensive List of Names and the List of New Names of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria provide the authoritative register of names of bacterial plant pathogens. In this manuscript we up-date the list of names by cataloguing and evaluating names of plant pathogenic bacteria published in 2011 and 2012. We provide those names that have been validly and effectively published in this time frame, the proposed names that we judged to be invalid, and names published earlier that did not make the previous lists. C1 [Bull, C. T.] USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Coutinho, T. A.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Forestry & Agr Biotechnol Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Denny, T. P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Firrao, G.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Sci Agr & Ambientali, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Fischer-Le Saux, M.] INRA, UMR1345, Inst Rech Hort & Semences, F-49071 Beaucouze, France. [Li, X.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Charlottetown Lab, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada. [Saddler, G. S.] Sci & Advice Scottish Agr, Edinburgh EH12 9FJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Scortichini, M.] CRA, Ctr Ric Frutticoltura, I-00134 Rome, Italy. [Stead, D. E.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, Dept Environm Food & Rural Affairs, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Takikawa, Y.] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Agr, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. RP Bull, CT (reprint author), USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Carolee.Bull@ars.usda.gov; Teresa.Coutinho@up.ac.za; tdenny@uga.edu; firrao@uniud.it; marion.le-saux@angers.inra.fr; Sean.Li@inspection.gc.ca; gerry.saddler@sasa.gsi.gov.uk; marco.scortichini@entecra.it; david.stead1@tiscali.co.uk; abyatki@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp OI FIRRAO, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7890-0899; Scortichini, Marco/0000-0003-1565-9097 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 15 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 96 IS 2 BP 223 EP 226 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AZ8AI UT WOS:000348436800001 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Sengoda, VG Sundheim, L Meadow, R AF Munyaneza, J. E. Sengoda, V. G. Sundheim, L. Meadow, R. TI SURVEY OF "CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER SOLANACEARUM" IN CARROT CROPS AFFECTED BY THE PSYLLID TRIOZA APICALIS (HEMIPTERA: TRIOZIDAE) IN NORWAY SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carrot psyllid; liberibacter; phytoplasmas; spiroplasmas; Trioza apicalis ID 1ST REPORT; FORSTER HOMOPTERA; ZEBRA CHIP; REAL-TIME; POTATO; DISEASE; PCR; PHYTOPLASMA; EUROPE; PLANTS AB The carrot psyllid Trioza apicalis Forster (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a serious insect pest of carrot (Daucus carota L.) in northern Europe, where it can cause up to 100% crop loss. Although it was long believed that T. apicalis causes damage to carrot by injection of toxins into the plant, it was recently established that this psyllid is a vector of the new bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum", which severely damages carrot crops. This bacterium is also known to severely affect solanaceous crops and is the causal agent of zebra chip, a new and economically important disease of potato in North and Central America and New Zealand. Symptoms in psyllid-affected carrots include leaf curling, yellowish and purplish discoloration of the leaves, stunted growth of both leaves and roots, and proliferation of secondary roots. These plant symptoms resemble those caused by leafhopper-transmitted phytoplasmas and Spiroplasma citri in carrots. Using PCR assays, a survey of "Ca. L. solanacearum" in carrot crops in Norway determined that the bacterium is widespread in several counties in southeastern and eastern Norway, where most of the carrot crops are grown. Liberibacter infection rate ranged from 33.3 to 100% in carrot plants and from 21.2 to 56.3% in T. apicalis. No phytoplasmas or spiroplasmas were detected in carrot or psyllid samples by PCR. Information from this research will help carrot producers reduce damage caused by "Ca. L. solanacearum" to carrot crops by vigorously monitoring and controlling T. apicalis, its insect vector. C1 [Munyaneza, J. E.; Sengoda, V. G.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Sundheim, L.; Meadow, R.] Norwegian Inst Agr & Environm Res, NO-1432 As, Norway. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM Joseph.Munyaneza@ars.usda.gov FU Oslofjordregionsforskningsfond; USDA-RAMP Project [2009-51101-05892]; USDA-SCRI Project [2009-51181-20176] FX We gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of Gerd-Guren, Lars-Arne Hogetveit, Hilde Marie Saastad and Kari Aarekol, Norwegian Agricultural Extension Service. We also thank Erling Floistad for generating the map of the sampling sites. This research was partially funded by the Oslofjordregionsforskningsfond, USDA-RAMP Project #2009-51101-05892, and USDA-SCRI Project #2009-51181-20176. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 96 IS 2 BP 397 EP 402 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AZ8AI UT WOS:000348436800023 ER PT J AU Tunali, B Cavin, CA Berner, DK AF Tunali, B. Cavin, C. A. Berner, D. K. TI FIRST REPORT OF LEAF SPOT OF CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS CAUSED BY PHOMA MACROSTOMA var. MACROSTOMA IN TURKEY SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Tunali, B.] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Samsun, Turkey. [Cavin, C. A.; Berner, D. K.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Berner, DK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM dana.berner@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 96 IS 2 BP 434 EP 434 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AZ8AI UT WOS:000348436800036 ER PT J AU Brandle, JR Schoeneberger, MM AF Brandle, J. R. Schoeneberger, M. M. TI WORKING TREES: SUPPORTING AGRICULTURE AND HEALTHY LANDSCAPES SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ABUNDANCE; LAND C1 [Brandle, J. R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Schoeneberger, M. M.] USDA, Res Program Lead, US Forest Serv, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Brandle, JR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 407 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jbrandle@unl.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST RESEARCH INST MALAYSIA PI KUALA LUMPUR PA PUBLICATION UNIT, KEPONG, KUALA LUMPUR 52109, MALAYSIA SN 0128-1283 J9 J TROP FOR SCI JI J. Trop. For. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 26 IS 3 BP 305 EP 308 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AY6JS UT WOS:000347673300001 ER PT J AU Litschert, SE Theobald, DM Brown, TC AF Litschert, S. E. Theobald, D. M. Brown, T. C. TI Effects of climate change and wildfire on soil loss in the Southern Rockies Ecoregion SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Soil loss; Wildfire; Erosion; RUSLE; Southern Rockies Ecoregion ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; UNITED-STATES; LOSS EQUATION; WATER REPELLENCY; POSTFIRE RUNOFF; EROSION; FIRE; PRECIPITATION; SEDIMENT; RAINFALL AB Forests in the Southern Rockies Ecoregion surround the headwaters of several major rivers in the western and central US. Future climatic changes will increase the incidence of wildfire in those forests, and will likely lead to changes in downstream water quality, including sediment loads. We estimated soil loss under the historic climate and two IPCC climate change emissions scenarios (A2 and B1); each scenario was modeled using statistically downscaled climate data from global circulation models (GCMs; ECHAM5 and HadCM3) for each of thirteen land cover types. We used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and developed a way to calculate rainfall erosivity, a key factor in RUSLE, to account for climate change. We also incorporated the effects of climate change on wildfire to create stochastic spatial distributions of wildfires and to inform changes in land cover. Based on 100 simulations of future wildfire applied to RUSLE for each GCM-scenario combination, we found that soil loss will likely increase above historic levels but that considerable uncertainty remains about the amount of increase. Across the GCM-scenario combinations, mean soil loss increased above historic levels by from 3% (HadCM3-A2) to 65% (ECHAM5-B1) for climate change only and the effects of wildfire increased soil loss an additional 3 to 5%. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Litschert, S. E.] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Theobald, D. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brown, T. C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Litschert, SE (reprint author), Earth Syst Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM sam@earthsystems.net FU Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS), U.S. Forest Service FX This research was supported by funds from the Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS), U.S. Forest Service. The authors thank Scott Baggett of the RMRS for his statistical guidance. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their careful attention and suggestions that improved this manuscript. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUL PY 2014 VL 118 BP 206 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2014.01.007 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AY5FI UT WOS:000347598000020 ER PT J AU Strohmeier, SM Nouwakpo, SK Huang, CH Klik, A AF Strohmeier, Stefan Martin Nouwakpo, Sayjro Kossi Huang, Chi-Hua Klik, Andreas TI Flume experimental evaluation of the effect of rill flow path tortuosity on rill roughness based on the Manning-Strickler equation SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Rill erosion; Rill morphology; Manning-Strickler roughness; Flume experiment ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT CAPACITY; OVERLAND-FLOW; SOIL-EROSION; ERODING RILLS; HILLSLOPE; VELOCITY; RESISTANCE; MODEL; PATTERNS; STREAMS AB Numerous soil erosion models compute concentrated flow hydraulics based on the Manning-Strickler equation (v = k(St) (RI1/2)-I-2/3) even though the range of the application on rill flow is unclear. Unconfined rill morphologies generate local friction effects and consequently spatially variable rill roughness which is in conflict with the assumptions of (sectional) uniform channel flow and constant channel roughness of the Manning-Strickler equation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of rill morphology on roughness and hence to assess the Manning-Strickler roughness coefficient (k(St)) by rill morphological data. A laboratory experiment was set up to analyse rill hydraulics and roughness of I.) Free Developed Rill (FDR) flows and II.) Straight Constrained Rill (SCR) flows in the flume. The flume experiment generated Manning-Strickler roughness coefficients (k(St)) between 22 m(1/3) s(-1) and 44 m(1/3) s(-1) reflecting a potential area of the roughness parameter uncertainty. It was found that FDR experiments generated significantly lower k(St) values compared to SCR experiments, because skin and local friction effects in the FDR experiments were more efficient reducing flow velocity probably due to higher energy dissipation. Rill flow path tortuosity (Tort) was used to describe the rill morphology of the experiments and correlation statistics between Tort and k(St) identified considerable explanatory capacity of rill flow path tortuosity on rill roughness. The flume study demonstrated that a regression model between Tort and k(St) can be used to assess local friction effects of unconfined rill morphologies and hence to reduce the area of uncertainty of the Manning-Strickler roughness parameter. (C) 2014 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Strohmeier, Stefan Martin; Klik, Andreas] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Water Atmosphere & Environm, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Nouwakpo, Sayjro Kossi] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Huang, Chi-Hua] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Strohmeier, SM (reprint author), Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Water Atmosphere & Environm, Inst Hydraul & Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. EM stefan.strohmeier@boku.ac.at; snouwakpo@unr.edu; Chi-Hua.Huang@ars.usda.gov; andreas.klik@boku.ac.at FU Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation FX This research was kindly supported by the USDA ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, USA, scientific staff and technicians. We also thank the Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation for the financial support. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUL PY 2014 VL 118 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2014.01.011 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AY5FI UT WOS:000347598000022 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC Tully, MA Stein-Chisholm, RE Obando-Ulloa, JM AF Beaulieu, John C. Tully, Maureen A. Stein-Chisholm, Rebecca E. Obando-Ulloa, Javier M. TI Processing and Enzymatic Treatment Effects on Louisiana-grown Fresh Satsuma Juice SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aroma; Citrus unshiu; terpenoid; ultrafiltration; volatiles ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; SQUEEZED ORANGE JUICE; KEY AROMA COMPONENTS; VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLAVOR COMPONENTS; MANDARIN JUICE; CITRUS-UNSHIU; HEADSPACE; QUALITY AB A study was performed to evaluate the ability to rapidly produce fresh satsuma (Citrus reticulate) juice from local fruit with minimum processing inputs. Volatile flavor and aroma compounds, subjective assessments, and quality parameters were used to determine the changes that occur from different juice processing techniques, storage conditions, and enzymatic treatments. In freshly pressed Louisiana-grown satsuma juices, 44 compounds were recovered, of which 31 were positively identified. Based on volatile recovery and a consensus approach used in orange-fleshed Citrus species reported in the literature, 19 compounds were evaluated. Limonene was the dominant integrated peak in all unpeeled and peeled pressed juices (PPJ). Peel removal resulted in 98.4% of the total volatiles being lost and the distribution of the volatiles remaining was markedly different compared with whole-pressed fruit juice. Aside from a 63.4% increase in valencene after enzyme treatments, there seemed to be no marked volatile, subjective, or quality improvements from the enzymes used in this study. In general, peeled pressed fruit produced an acceptable, mildly citrus-flavored, balanced acidity, sweet, not-from-concentrate juice. Concentrates made from PPJ and reconstituted satsuma juices indicated clearly that most desirable aroma/flavor volatile compounds were stripped from juices during concentrating. Data reported suggest more attention would be required to maintain the top notes and subtle volatile balance during commercialization in rapidly produced fresh satsuma juices through use of industrial equipment (peeler) or by adding back essence or flavor packs for consistent consumer satisfaction. C1 [Beaulieu, John C.; Tully, Maureen A.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Obando-Ulloa, Javier M.] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Agron, Ctr Estudios Postcosecha, Dept Agroind & Enol, Santiago, Chile. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM John.Beaulieu@ars.usda.gov OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 FU National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (CONOCYT-FONDECYT), Ministry of Education, Chile FX Javier M. Obando-Ulloa's travel to and expenses to work in the U.S. Department of Agriculture in New Orleans, LA, were funded by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (CONOCYT-FONDECYT), Ministry of Education, Chile. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 139 IS 4 BP 374 EP 387 PG 14 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AW2JA UT WOS:000346112700005 ER PT J AU Hayes, RJ Galeano, CH Luo, YG Antonise, R Simko, I AF Hayes, Ryan J. Galeano, Carlos H. Luo, Yaguang Antonise, Rudie Simko, Ivan TI Inheritance of Decay of Fresh-cut Lettuce in a Recombinant Inbred Line Population from 'Salinas 88' x 'La Brillante' SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeding; genetic map; genetics; Lactuca sativa; postharvest quality; quantitative trait loci; shelf life ID LACTUCA-SATIVA L.; ICEBERG LETTUCE; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; PHENOLIC METABOLISM; ROMAINE LETTUCE; HIGH-DENSITY; SHELF-LIFE; QUALITY; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS AB Fresh-cut lettuce (Lactuca sativa) packaged as salad mixes are increasingly popular to consumers but are highly perishable. Cultivars bred with extended shelf life could increase overall production efficiency by reducing the frequency of product replacement in the marketplace. Understanding the inheritance of shelf life is needed to develop efficient breeding strategies for this trait. A population of 95 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from slow-decaying 'Salinas 88' x rapidly decaying 'La Brillante' was grown in four field experiments. Cut lettuce was evaluated for decay in modified atmosphere (MA) packages flushed with N-2 or air (control). Correlations between field experiments ranged from 0.47 to 0.84 (P < 0.01). Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for decay of cut lettuce were detected on linkage groups (LGs) 1, 4, and 9 with 'Salinas 88' alleles associated with slower decay. The QTL on LG 4 (qSL4) was a major determinant of decay explaining 40% to 74% of the total phenotypic variance of the trait. The greatest effect of this QTL was observed between 29 and 50 days after harvest. QTL x environment interactions contributed less than 14% to the total variation. RILs with the 'Salinas 88' allele of qSL4 had slower decay when packaged in air compared with N-2, whereas no difference between air and N-2 packaging was detected with the 'La Brillante' allele. A subset of RILs with either the 'Salinas 88' or 'La Brillante' allele of qSL4 was grown in two field experiments and evaluated for decay of whole heads. Genetic variation among RILs for whole-head decay was found but could not be attributed to qSL4. Decay of cut lettuce in 'Salinas 88' x 'La Brillante' is a highly heritable trait conditioned by a few QTL and phenotypic selection is likely to be effective. However, shelf life evaluations are time-consuming, destructive, and require large amounts of field-grown lettuce. Therefore, qSL4 is a good QTL to develop molecular markers for marker-assisted selection. The mechanism of decay controlled by qSL4 is unknown but appears to be specific to cut lettuce and may have allele specific interactions with packaging atmospheric compositions. C1 [Hayes, Ryan J.; Simko, Ivan] ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Galeano, Carlos H.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Galeano, Carlos H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Luo, Yaguang] ARS, USDA, Food Qual Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Antonise, Rudie] Keygene NV, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Hayes, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Ryan.Hayes@ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 FU California Leafy Greens Research Program; Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2010-51181-21631]; ENZA Zaden; Rijk Zwaan; Vilmorin Cie; Takii Co. FX This research was supported by the California Leafy Greens Research Program and the Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Grant no. 2010-51181-21631. The AFLP (R) technology is covered by patents and patent applications owned by Keygene N.V. AFLP is a registered trademark of Keygene N.V. Other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. The AFLP data have been generated with the financial support of ENZA Zaden, Rijk Zwaan, Vilmorin & Cie, and Takii & Co. We thank Nobuko Sugimoto for assistance with whole-head decay evaluations in Salinas, CA, and Fresh Express Inc. (Salinas, CA) and Taylor Fresh Foods Inc. (Salinas, CA) for vacuum cooling and transportation of lettuce. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 139 IS 4 BP 388 EP 398 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AW2JA UT WOS:000346112700006 ER PT J AU Bassett, CL Glenn, DM AF Bassett, Carole L. Glenn, D. Michael TI Reflective Films and Expression of Light-regulated Genes in Field-grown Apple SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE light perception; orchard management; photosynthesis; phytochrome; reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ID FAR-RED LIGHT; PLANT PHOTORECEPTORS PHYTOCHROME; SHADE-AVOIDANCE-RESPONSE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR HY5; BLUE-LIGHT; UV-B; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INCREASING FOLIAGE; INDUCIBLE PROTEIN; DOMESTICA BORKH. AB Reflective films are used in orchard management to improve fruit coloration. Numerous physiological studies on the effects of application of these films have been conducted, including variation of angles of light incidence and reflection, spectral determination of reflected light, and effects on photosynthesis and pigment development. At present there have been no studies on the effects of these treatments on gene expression, particularly with regard to genetic factors controlling light perception and genes targeted by specific regulators. We sampled a fully developed leaf from apple (Mains xdomestica) branches of mature trees in 2 consecutive years. The grass between the tree rows was left untreated, sprayed with a formulation of a reflective particle film (RPF), or covered with a single layer of an aluminized plastic film (APF). Leaves at the same branch position were sampled between 1000 and 1200 HR on sunny days. Nine different gene transcripts associated with light perception, sorbitol transport, and actin (control) were measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and five by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Transcript abundance of most genes was unaffected by treatment or slightly enhanced by RPF. These results are consistent with earlier observations indicating that application of this film stimulated carbon partitioning to the fruit likely through the reduced red/far-red ratio of reflected light. In contrast, the level of several gene transcripts, including MdPif3, MdPhyB, and MdSot3, was reduced by application of the APF. Only one gene, MdElip1A/B, was significantly and dramatically elevated by APF. C1 [Bassett, Carole L.; Glenn, D. Michael] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bassett, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Carole.Bassett@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 139 IS 4 BP 487 EP 494 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AW2JA UT WOS:000346112700014 ER PT J AU Damon, SJ Groves, RL Havey, MJ AF Damon, Steven J. Groves, Russell L. Havey, Michael J. TI Variation for Epicuticular Waxes on Onion Foliage and Impacts on Numbers of Onion Thrips SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa; GC/MS; SEM; Thrips tabaci ID YELLOW-SPOT-VIRUS; THYSANOPTERA THRIPIDAE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SURFACE-STRUCTURES; LEAF WAXES; RESISTANCE; TABACI; INSECTICIDES; ATTACHMENT; LIPIDS AB Natural variation exists in onion (Allium cepa L.) for amounts of epicuticular waxes on foliage, and plants with lower amounts of these waxes suffer less feeding damage from onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.). Wild-type onion possesses copious amounts of epicuticular waxes and is often referred to as "waxy." The recessively inherited "glossy" phenotype has significantly less wax relative to waxy types and shows resistance to onion thrips but is vulnerable to spray damage, foliar pathogens, and excessive transpiration. Phenotypes visually intermediate between waxy and glossy also exist in onion, which we refer to as "semiglossy." Epicuticular waxes on the leaves of glossy, semiglossy, and waxy onions were evaluated for appearance using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and amounts and types were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Wax crystals were clearly visible on the surface of waxy foliage with decreasing amounts on semiglossy and none on glossy leaves. The ketone hentriacontanone-16 was the most prevalent wax on leaves of waxy onion and was significantly (P < 0.01) less on semiglossy relative to waxy plants and on glossy relative to waxy and semiglossy plants. Numbers of adult and immature onion thrips were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) on glossy and/or semiglossy accessions relative to waxy in field and greenhouse cage experiments. These results indicate that semiglossy plants possess intermediate amounts of epicuticular waxes that may protect leaves from diseases or environmental stresses while still conferring resistance to onion thrips. Therefore, the semiglossy phenotype should be useful in integrated programs managing this important onion pest. C1 [Damon, Steven J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Groves, Russell L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Havey, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Vegetable Crops Unit, ARS, USDA,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Vegetable Crops Unit, ARS, USDA,Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu FU USDA Specialty Crops Research Initiative [2008-51180-04875]; Monsanto Graduate Fellowship FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of grant number 2008-51180-04875 from the USDA Specialty Crops Research Initiative and a Monsanto Graduate Fellowship to S.J. Damon. We thank Dr. George Kennedy, North Carolina State University, for onion thrips and Dean Kincaid family farms, Palmyra Wisconsin, for field space. Electron microscopy was performed at the Newcomb Imaging Center, Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 139 IS 4 BP 495 EP 501 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AW2JA UT WOS:000346112700015 ER PT J AU Butler, SM White, AS Elliott, KJ Seymour, RS AF Butler, Sarah M. White, Alan S. Elliott, Katherine J. Seymour, Robert S. TI Disturbance history and stand dynamics in secondary and old-growth forests of the Southern Appalachian Mountains, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dendrochronology; dendroecology; disturbance rates; recruitment events ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; ICE STORM DAMAGE; MIXED-OAK FOREST; RADIAL-GROWTH; SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA; CANOPY DISTURBANCE; AGE STRUCTURE; TERM CHANGES; RED OAKS AB Understanding the patterns of past disturbance allows further insight into the complex composition, structure, and function of current and future forests, which is increasingly important in a world where disturbance characteristics are changing. Our objectives were to define disturbance causes, rates (percent disturbance per decade), magnitudes and frequency (time since last disturbance) for both secondary and old-growth mixed-oak stands, and to determine if all mixed oak stands experience similar disturbance history. The study was located in two southern Appalachian forests in western North Carolina, USA: Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, a 2,185 ha experimental forest with some history of harvesting, and the Joyce Kilmer Wilderness, a 6,805 ha old-growth forest with no known harvesting. We used dendroecological techniques to evaluate the disturbance histories and create chronologies of these mixed-oak forests. Average decadal disturbance rates ranged from 4.3% to 13.8%, similar to rates common in eastern temperate forests (5% to 20%). The decades of peak recruitment common to several stands were the 1840s, which coincides with the historical accounts of a hurricane; the 1900s through the 1940s, which coincide with logging and elimination of Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkh. by chestnut blight; and the 1960s, which coincides with drought and an elm spanworm infestation. The large peaks of disturbance were often synchronous and widespread, affecting stands across both Coweeta and Joyce Kilmer. However, there were also scattered pulses of disturbance unique to single stands, suggesting that localized events also played a role in the disturbance dynamics. Periods of constant low rates of disturbance present in all stands also indicate the importance of small canopy gaps in these forests. We found that stands similar in disturbance regimes were also similar in species composition. Results from our study provide information on how past disturbances, both regional and local events, have shaped the current forest. This understanding could help inform models to better predict how forests might respond to future climate (e.g., rising temperatures and increasing precipitation variability) and disturbance patterns (e.g., more frequent and severe events). C1 [Butler, Sarah M.] Univ Massachusetts, Family Forest Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [White, Alan S.; Seymour, Robert S.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Elliott, Katherine J.] US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Ctr Forest Watershed Sci, Southern Res Stn,USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Butler, SM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Family Forest Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM sarahb27@gmail.com FU Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, USDA Forest Service; Coweeta LTER project - National Science Foundation [DEB-0823293]; University of Maine FX This research was primarily supported by Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, USDA Forest Service; and the Coweeta LTER project funded by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0823293. We also thank the University of Maine for partial support of this research. We thank Patsy Clinton, Jessie Fly, Jess Riddle, and Grace Livingston for assistance in field sampling. Special thanks to Patsy Clinton for processing tree cores and validating chronologies using COFECHA. Drs. Neil Pederson and Shawn Fraver and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S Department of Agriculture of any product or service. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the University of Georgia. NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 33 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 EI 1940-0616 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 141 IS 3 BP 189 EP 204 DI 10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00056.1 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AW4KM UT WOS:000346250000001 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Everman, JL Rose, SJ Babrak, L Katani, R Barletta, RG Talaat, AM Grohn, YT Chang, YF Kapur, V Bermudez, LE AF Bannantine, John P. Everman, Jamie L. Rose, Sasha J. Babrak, Lmar Katani, Robab Barletta, Raul G. Talaat, Adel M. Groehn, Yrjoe T. Chang, Yung-Fu Kapur, Vivek Bermudez, Luiz E. TI Evaluation of eight live attenuated vaccine candidates for protection against challenge with virulent Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in mice SO FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Johne's disease; Mycobacterium; vaccines; attenuated; mouse model; genomics ID DAIRY HERDS; JOHNES-DISEASE; MUTANTS; TUBERCULOSIS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; EFFICACY; ORGANISM; EXPOSURE; STRAINS AB Johne's disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), which results in serious economic losses worldwide in farmed livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats. To control this disease, an effective vaccine with minimal adverse effects is needed. In order to identify a live vaccine for Johne's disease, we evaluated eight attenuated mutant strains of MAP using a C57BL/6 mouse model. The persistence of the vaccine candidates was measured at 6, 12, and 18 weeks post vaccination. Only strains 320, 321, and 329 colonized both the liver and spleens up until the 12-week time point. The remaining five mutants showed no survival in those tissues, indicating their complete attenuation in the mouse model. The candidate vaccine strains demonstrated different levels of protection based on colonization of the challenge strain in liver and spleen tissues at 12 and 18 weeks post vaccination. Based on total MAP burden in both tissues at both time points, strain 315 (MAP1566::Tn5370) was the most protective whereas strain 318 (intergenic Tn5367 insertion between MAP0282c and MAP0283c) had the most colonization. Mice vaccinated with an undiluted commercial vaccine preparation displayed the highest bacterial burden as well as enlarged spleens indicative of a strong infection. Selected vaccine strains that showed promise in the mouse model were moved forward into a goat challenge model. The results suggest that the mouse trial, as conducted, may have a relatively poor predictive value for protection in a ruminant host such as goats. C1 [Bannantine, John P.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Everman, Jamie L.; Rose, Sasha J.; Babrak, Lmar; Bermudez, Luiz E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Everman, Jamie L.; Rose, Sasha J.; Babrak, Lmar; Bermudez, Luiz E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Katani, Robab; Kapur, Vivek] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Barletta, Raul G.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Talaat, Adel M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Talaat, Adel M.] Cairo Univ, Dept Food Hyg, Cairo, Egypt. [Groehn, Yrjoe T.; Chang, Yung-Fu] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM john.bannantine@ars.usda.gov OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 FU USDA-CAP grant JDIP; USDA-APHIS; NIFA Animal Health Projects [NEB-39-162]; animal formula fund [NY-478-437] FX Funding for conducting the three-phase vaccine trial was provided by the USDA-CAP grant JDIP and by USDA-APHIS. This work was also partially supported by NIFA Animal Health Projects (NEB-39-162 to Raul G. Barletta) and the animal formula fund (NY-478-437 to Yung-Fu Chang). NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2235-2988 J9 FRONT CELL INFECT MI JI Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 4 AR 88 DI 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00088 PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA AU3FW UT WOS:000345498800002 PM 25072031 ER PT J AU Aulakh, JS Enloe, SF Loewenstein, NJ Price, AJ Wehtje, G Miller, JH AF Aulakh, Jatinder S. Enloe, Stephen F. Loewenstein, Nancy J. Price, Andrew J. Wehtje, Glenn Miller, James H. TI Pushing toward Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Patch Eradication: The Influence of Herbicide Treatment and Application Timing on Cogongrass Rhizome Elimination SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cogongrass; application timing; eradication; herbicide; rhizome elimination ID PLANT INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; L BEAUV; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; FORESTS; USA AB Cogongrass, an invasive grass native to Asia, has infested thousands of hectares in the southeastern United States. Although numerous studies have examined cogongrass control, no published studies, to our knowledge, have tested strategies for cogongrass eradication. Cogongrass has a persistent, thick rhizome mat but an ephemeral seedbank; therefore, successful eradication methods must largely focus on the rhizomes. A field study to evaluate specific herbicide treatments and application timings for cogongrass patch eradication was conducted at two locations in southwestern Alabama. Herbicide treatments included glyphosate at 4.48 kg ai ha(-1), imazapyr at 0.84 kg ai ha(-1), and a tank mix of glyphosate and imazapyr at the same rates. Treatments were applied in May, August, or October for 3 consecutive yr, and the May glyphosate treatment included a second annual application each October. Cogongrass visual control, shoot biomass, rhizome biomass, rhizome depth, and total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) content were sampled during the course of the study. Cogongrass response to treatments varied by location but by 36 mo after initial treatment (MAIT), complete elimination of cogongrass shoot and rhizome biomass and 100% visual control was achieved in several herbicide treatment timing combinations at both locations. These included glyphosate plus imazapyr at any application timing, imazapyr in August or October, and glyphosate applied in May and October each year. TNC levels of surviving healthy rhizomes were not affected by herbicide treatments, but a seasonal pattern was observed. The maximum live-rhizome depth was not influenced by any treatment, indicating that herbicides were not preferentially leaving deeper, surviving rhizomes. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that the entire rhizome layer of cogongrass can be eliminated within 3 yr with multiple treatment options and that cogongrass patch eradication is possible for many land managers. C1 [Aulakh, Jatinder S.; Enloe, Stephen F.; Wehtje, Glenn] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Loewenstein, Nancy J.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Price, Andrew J.] ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36852 USA. [Miller, James H.] Forest Serv, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Aulakh, JS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jsa0005@tigermail.auburn.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station FX We would like to thank Mike Sanders with Evonik Degussa for use of the Tillman's Corner, AL, site and Terry Landry and the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources for use of the Bayou La Batre, AL, site. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station under a cooperative agreement. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 398 EP 407 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00055.1 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AT4LN UT WOS:000344911100002 ER PT J AU West, NM Madaga, DP Davis, AS AF West, Natalie M. Madaga, David P. Davis, Adam S. TI Managing Spread from Rhizome Fragments is Key to Reducing Invasiveness in Miscanthus X giganteus SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; biofuel crops; invisibility; Miscanthus; rhizome dispersal ID DISPERSAL; INVASION; MANAGEMENT; BIOFUEL; TRAITS; RISK AB Miscanthus X giganteus, a widely planted biofeedstock, is generally regarded as a relatively low invasion concern. As a seed-infertile species, it lacks a consistent mechanism of long-distance dispersal, a key contributor to invasion rate, and constitutes a low risk for cultivation escape. However, agricultural production shelters plants from stochasticity and increases propagule pressure, enhancing the potential for low-risk species to take advantage of rare dispersal opportunities. Weed risk assessments of M. X giganteus assume the rarity of events such as scouring and flooding that would facilitate secondary dispersal of vegetative rhizome fragments and the long-term sexual inviability of escapes. Combining data from small-scale rhizome fragmentation and movement experiments, and estimates from the literature, we parameterized an individual-based model to examine M. X giganteus spread given three dispersal scenarios. We further evaluated our estimates in response to different field edge buffer widths and monitoring intensities, two key strategies advised for containing biofuel crops. We found that clonal expansion from the field edge alone was sufficient to allow the crop to outgrow buffers of 3 m or less within 11 to 15 yr with low monitoring intensities. Further, models that included the possibility of rhizome dispersal from fields and scouring at field edges demonstrate the potential for long-distance dispersal and establishment with inadequate management. Our study highlights the importance of considering minimum enforced management guidelines for growers to maintain the ecological integrity of the agricultural landscape. C1 [West, Natalie M.; Davis, Adam S.] USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Madaga, David P.] Susquehanna Univ, Dept Biol, Selinsgrove, PA 17870 USA. RP West, NM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM nmwest@illinois.edu NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-14-00018.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AT4LN UT WOS:000344911100014 ER PT J AU Blank, RR Morgan, T AF Blank, Robert R. Morgan, Tye TI Does a Trend in Declining Stem Density of Lepidium latifolium Indicate a Phosphorus Limitation? A Case Study SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive plants; perennial pepperweed; soil nutrient availability; tall wheatgrass ID WATER-CONTENT; SOIL; DIFFUSION; BIOLOGY; PLANTS AB Lepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed) is a weedy alien crucifer that has invaded wetlands throughout the western United States. We monitored L. Latifolium invasion of an Elytrigia elongata (tall wheatgrass) community at the Honey Lake Wildlife Refuge in northeastern California. In 1993, a 40-m(2) plot was delineated, at which time only two single plants of L. latifolium were present. Beginning in 1994, L. latifolium stem density was measured yearly until 2011. From 1994 through 2000, the density of L. latifolium increased to greater than 120 stems m(-2). At its height of stem density and stature between 1998 and 2000, it appeared that E. elongata had been extirpated. From 2001 through 2006, stem density and plant stature of L. latifolium declined, but there were still areas of the plot where stem density exceeded 60 stems m-2. From 2007 through 2009, stem density decreased considerably and averaged less than 30 stems m-2 and a healthy recovery of E. elongata occurred. In the years 2010 and especially 2011, stem density increased, but individual plants were small in stature. Soil bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus data suggest that phosphorus availability may be crucial to the invasiveness of L. latifolium. Long-term biogeochemical cycling by L. latifolium may reduce soil phosphorus availability in deeper soil horizons and enrich availability in the soil surface, which alters the competitive relationship between L latifolium and E. elongata. C1 [Blank, Robert R.; Morgan, Tye] USDA ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM bob.blank@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 526 EP 531 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00103.1 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AT4LN UT WOS:000344911100015 ER PT J AU Phillips-Mao, L Larson, DL Jordan, NR Knight, KS AF Phillips-Mao, Laura Larson, Diane L. Jordan, Nicholas R. Knight, Kathleen S. TI Effects of native herbs and light on garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) invasion (vol 7, pg 257, 2014) SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Phillips-Mao, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jordan, Nicholas R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Knight, Kathleen S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Phillips-Mao, L (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM phil0308@umn.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 22 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 540 EP 540 DI 10.1614/1939-747X-7.3.540 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AT4LN UT WOS:000344911100017 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Neven, LG Yee, WL AF Kumar, Sunil Neven, Lisa G. Yee, Wee L. TI Evaluating correlative and mechanistic niche models for assessing the risk of pest establishment SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE CLIMEX; insect pests; MaxEnt; niche modeling; presence-only model; Rhagoletis indifferens; species distribution models; sweet cherry; western cherry fruit fly ID CHERRY FRUIT-FLY; INDIFFERENS DIPTERA-TEPHRITIDAE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; SAMPLE SELECTION BIAS; PSEUDO-ABSENCE DATA; HOST-PLANT USE; ECOLOGICAL NICHE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WASHINGTON-STATE; CURRAN DIPTERA AB Insect pests pose a great threat to global food security. Improved methods for assessment of the risk of pest establishment are needed to enhance informed decision-making, to develop cost-effective pest management strategies, and to design quarantine policies for preventing the spread of pests. We evaluated the capabilities of a correlative and a process-based mechanistic niche model, and their combination, to assess the risk of pest establishment. The correlative model MaxEnt and the process-based mechanistic model CLIMEX were used to assess the risk of establishment of western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae) in California. We integrated R. indifferens occurrence records and spatial environmental variables using MaxEnt to assess the potential risk of establishment of this pest. The CLIMEX model was developed using eco-physiological tolerances of R. indifferens. The predictive performance of the MaxEnt model improved by including the host species' distribution and Ecoclimatic Index generated using the CLIMEX model. The best model predicted no risk for R. indifferens establishment in the Central Valley around the areas where sweet cherries are produced in California. Most of the high to very high risk areas for R. indifferens were predicted in northern parts of California and the Sierra Nevada Mountains, where the fly exists on its native host, bitter cherry [Prunus emarginata (Douglas) Eaton]. Precipitation of driest quarter, degree days with average temperatures >= 8.3 degrees C, degree days with average temperatures <= 58 degrees C, and mean diurnal range in temperature were the strongest predictors of R. indifferens distribution in western North America. We showed that the predictive power of correlative niche models can be improved by including outputs from the process-based mechanistic niche models. Overall results suggest that R. indifferens is unlikely to establish in the commercial cherry-growing areas in the Central Valley of California, largely because heat stress is too high and chilling requirement in those areas is not met. C1 [Kumar, Sunil] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Neven, Lisa G.; Yee, Wee L.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Sunil.Kumar@colostate.edu RI Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009 FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission (WTFRC) from the Foreign Agricultural Service of the USDA FX This research was funded by a grant through the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission (WTFRC) from the Foreign Agricultural Service of the USDA. We thank Mike Willett (Northwest Horticultural Council), Kathy Coffey (WTFRC), and Shelly Watkins (USDA-ARS) for providing occurrence data and assistance during the project. We thank Robert Dowell and Colleen Murphy-Vierra from the California Department of Food and Agriculture for providing R. indifferens survey data for model validation. We also thank the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University, and Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Wapato, Washington, for providing the logistical support. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. NR 81 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2014 VL 5 IS 7 AR 86 DI 10.1890/ES14-00050.1 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7DJ UT WOS:000345096600009 ER PT J AU Tepley, AJ Swanson, FJ Spies, TA AF Tepley, Alan J. Swanson, Frederick J. Spies, Thomas A. TI Post-fire tree establishment and early cohort development in conifer forests of the western Cascades of Oregon, USA SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; early-seral ecosystems; forest succession; initial floristics; Oregon Cascades; post-fire cohort; post-fire establishment; relay floristics ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; OLD-GROWTH; VEGETATION RESPONSE; COASTAL OREGON; SEVERITY; STAND; REGENERATION; DYNAMICS; SUCCESSION AB Early-seral ecosystems make important contributions to regional biodiversity by supporting high abundance and diversity of many plant and animal species that are otherwise rare or absent from closed-canopy forests. Therefore, the period of post-fire tree establishment is a key stage in forest stand and ecosystem development that can be viewed in the context of competing management interests in diverse early-seral ecosystems vs. rapid forest development for ecological or commercial objectives. Previous work in Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests of the Pacific Northwest suggests stands initiate either with abrupt establishment (<20 years) or by protracted establishment with low tree density persisting >00 years. To improve understanding of how post-fire tree establishment and early cohort development have varied in space and over time and elucidate some of the factors contributing to that variation, we analyzed forest structure, tree ages, and Douglas-fir growth across the central western Cascades of Oregon where cohort ages span nearly eight centuries. The number of post-fire cohorts was estimated per stand, and establishment trajectories were evaluated by cohort. On average, it took 43.5 years to reach establishment of 90% of the trees per cohort. The rate and duration of establishment were surprisingly consistent across variation in topography (elevation, slope position, and aspect), among cohorts initiated from the late 12th to the early 20th century, and regardless of the severity of the cohort-initiating fire or the timing of establishment by shade-tolerant species. Only 8% of cohorts completed establishment within 20 years and 12% had establishment lasting >80 years. Douglas-fir growth (basal area increment) exhibits high plasticity in relation to different competitive interactions within uni-specific and multi-species cohorts and between cohorts of different age, suggesting wide variation in the structure and dynamics of early-seral ecosystems and an ability to tolerate moderate competition when young. This study illustrates that post-fire establishment in Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests of the central western Cascades historically was a multi-decadal process. Limited regeneration in a short window did not necessarily lead to persistent shrublands. In fact, post-fire forest development appears resilient to considerable variation in the fire regime and climatic and biotic constraints on tree establishment. C1 [Tepley, Alan J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tepley, Alan J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Swanson, Frederick J.; Spies, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Tepley, AJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Campus Box 260, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Alan.Tepley@Colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) fellowship in Ecosystem Informatics at Oregon State University (NSF) [0333257]; H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest and Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program [NSF DEB 0823380]; PNW Research Station; James H. Duke, Jr. Graduate Fellowship; Alfred W. Moltke Memorial Scholarship; College of Forestry Graduate Fellowship at Oregon State University FX This work benefited from field and lab assistance by Dan Irvine, Aidan Padilla, Biniam Iyob, and Keala Hagmann, and feedback from members of the US Forest Service PNW Research Station and Willamette National Forest. Jane Kertis provided valuable feedback on an earlier draft. Support was provided by a National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) fellowship in Ecosystem Informatics at Oregon State University (NSF Award 0333257), the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest and Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program (NSF DEB 0823380), the PNW Research Station, and the James H. Duke, Jr. Graduate Fellowship, Alfred W. Moltke Memorial Scholarship, and College of Forestry Graduate Fellowship at Oregon State University. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2014 VL 5 IS 7 AR 80 DI 10.1890/ES14-00112.1 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7DJ UT WOS:000345096600003 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Copeland, RS Aarvik, L Miller, SE Rosati, ME Luke, Q AF Brown, J. W. Copeland, R. S. Aarvik, L. Miller, S. E. Rosati, M. E. Luke, Q. TI Host records for fruit-feeding Afrotropical Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) SO AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA barcode; false codling moth; host plants; Kenya; leaf-rollers; macadamia nut borer; USAID ID FALSE CODLING MOTH; CRYPTOPHLEBIA-LEUCOTRETA MEYRICK; RAVENELIA-MACOWANIANA PAZSCHKE; ACACIA-KARROO HAYNE; SOUTH-AFRICA; DNA BARCODES; LANTANA-CAMARA; NATIVE FRUIT; MACADAMIA; KENYA AB We present host records for the following Afrotropical Tortricidae reared from fruit in Kenya: Idiothauma nr africanum Walsingham, Paraccra mimesa Razowski, Apotoforma nr uncifera Razowski, Eugnosta percnoptila. (Meyrick), Phtheochroa aarviki Razowski & Brown, Actihema hemiacta (Meyrick), Choristoneura dinota (Meyrick), Choristoneura occidentalis (Walsingham), Procrica nr ophiograpta (Meyrick), Metamesia nr episema.(Diakonoff), Epichoristodes acerbella (Walker), Cryptaspasma phycitinana Aarvik, Cryptaspasma subtilis Diakonoff complex, Cryptaspasma caryothia (Meyrick) complex, Cryptaspasma n. sp., Lobesia vanillana (Joannis), Lobesia semosa Diakonoff, Eccopsis nebulana Walsingham, Eccopsis praecedens Walsingham, Afrothreutes madoffei Aarvik, Afroploce nr karsholti Aarvik, Metendothenia balanacma (Meyricic), Endothenia ator Razowski & Brown, Anthozela chrysoxantha Meyridc, Anthozela psychotriae Razowski & Brown, Concinocordis wilsonarum Razowski & Brown, Crocidosema plebejana Zeller, Crocidosema lantana (Busck), Gypsonoma scolopiae Razowski &Brown, Cosmetra nereidopa (Meyrick), Cosmetra sp. 1, Cosmetra sp. 2, Cosmetra sp. 3, Cosmetra podocarpivora Razowski gt Brown, Cosmetra taitana Razowski & Brown, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick), Thaumatotibia batrachopa (Meyrick), Thaumatotibia salaciae Razowski & Brown, Cryptophlebia semilunana (Saalmiiller), Cryptophlebia sp. 1, Cryptophlebia peltastica (Meyrick), Cydia connara Razowski & Brown, Cydia sennae Razowski & Brown, Cydia nr choleropa (Meyrick), Fulcrifera crotalariae Razowski & Brown, Fulcrifera nr periculosa (Meyrick), Fulcrifera sp. 1, Fulcrifera sp. 2, Dracontogena continentalis Karisch, Dracontogena solii Aarvik & Karisch, Grapholita limbata Diakonoff, Grapholita mesosocia (Meyridc), Grapholita nr mesosocia (Meyrick), Selania exornata (Diakonoff), Eucosmocydia monitrix (Meyrick), Stenentoma sorindeiae Razowski & Brown, and Thylacogaster garcinivora Razowski & Brown. Nearly 75 % of all our reared tortricids are members of Grapholitini, a tribe that includes numerous pests of fruit worldwide. Approximately 77 % of the reared species are recorded from only one or two different plants species (frequently in the same plant genus). Plant families that support the greatest numbers of tortricid fruit-feeders are Rubiaceae (13 tortricid species), Ochnaceae (11 tortricid species), Sapindaceae (10 tortricid species), Rosaceae (8 tortricid species), Connaraceae (7 tortricid species) and Fabaceae (7 tortricid species). We also review previously reported food plants and provide a few new records for four foliage- and/or fruit-feeding tortricids from the Afrotopical Region, e.g. Goniotorna erratica (Diakonof-f), Taiteccopsis taitana Razowski, Cydia choleropa (Meyrick) and Leguminivora ptychora (Meyrick). Identifications are based on morphology and DNA barcodes (COI). C1 [Brown, J. W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Copeland, R. S.] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Copeland, R. S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Aarvik, L.] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Miller, S. E.; Rosati, M. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Luke, Q.] E African Herbarium, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. OI Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 FU Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland for the CHIESA Project, Climate Change Impacts on Ecosystem Services and Food Security in Eastern Africa; Government of Canada through Genome Canada; Ontario Genomics Institute; Smithsonian Institution; USAID [PCE-G-00-98-0048-00]; USDA/CSREES/IFAFS [00-52103-9651] FX We are indebted to R. Bagine, formerly of the Kenya Wildlife Service, who was very helpful in granting permission to sample fruits within Kenyan forests. National Museums of Kenya also facilitated all stages of the research. The work of R.S.C. in the Taita Hills was supported with funds from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland for the CHIESA Project, Climate Change Impacts on Ecosystem Services and Food Security in Eastern Africa. We also thank K. Darrow and L. Helgen of the USNM for invaluable assistance with dissections and preparation of the reared material. DNA sequencing was supported by a grant from the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute in support of the iBOL project, courtesy of P. Hebert, with additional support from the Smithsonian Institution. This work was supported in part by USAID grant no. PCE-G-00-98-0048-00 (in collaboration with the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology and its African Fruit Fly Initiative) and in part by USDA/CSREES/IFAFS grant no. 00-52103-9651, both to R.A. Wharton, Texas A&M University The following provided helpful reviews that enhanced the clarity and quality of the final paper: T Gilligan, USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Fort Collins Laboratory, Fort Coffins, Colorado, U.S.A.; and J. Baixeras, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain. NR 131 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC SOUTHERN AFRICA PI HATFIELD PA PO BOX 13162, HATFIELD 0028, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1021-3589 EI 1026-4914 J9 AFR ENTOMOL JI Afr. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 22 IS 2 BP 343 EP 376 PG 34 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AR5HO UT WOS:000343616000014 ER PT J AU Guastella, D Tajebe, LS Evans, G Fovo, FP Rapisarda, C Legg, JP AF Guastella, D. Tajebe, L. S. Evans, G. Fovo, F. P. Rapisarda, C. Legg, J. P. TI First record of Aleuroclava psidii (Singh) and Aleurotrachelus tuberculatus Singh (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in East Africa SO AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIA C1 [Guastella, D.; Tajebe, L. S.; Rapisarda, C.] Univ Studi, Sez Entomol Applicata, Dipartimento Gest Sistemi Agroalimentari & Ambien, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Evans, G.] USDA, APHIS NIS, BARC West, Beltsville, MD USA. [Fovo, F. P.; Legg, J. P.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Guastella, D (reprint author), Univ Studi, Sez Entomol Applicata, Dipartimento Gest Sistemi Agroalimentari & Ambien, Via Santa Sofia 100, I-95123 Catania, Italy. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC SOUTHERN AFRICA PI HATFIELD PA PO BOX 13162, HATFIELD 0028, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1021-3589 EI 1026-4914 J9 AFR ENTOMOL JI Afr. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 22 IS 2 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AR5HO UT WOS:000343616000020 ER PT J AU Armijo, CB Boykin, JC Hughs, SE Barnes, EM Gillum, MN AF Armijo, C. B. Boykin, J. C. Hughs, S. E. Barnes, E. M. Gillum, M. N. TI AN IMPROVED DEVICE TO MEASURE COTTONSEED STRENGTH SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cottonseed; Fragile seed coat; Breaking force; Physical properties; Shear strength ID IMPERFECTIONS AB During processing, seeds of cotton cultivars with fragile seeds often break and produce seed coat fragments that can cause processing problems at textile mills. A previously developed cottonseed shear tester was modified with enhancements to the drive system to provide a constant pulling speed to the shearing mechanism which measured cottonseed strength. Evaluation of the modified tester showed that placing a cottonseed in the shear mechanism with the chalazal end of the cottonseed flush with the face of the mechanism produced a truer double shear than an alternative position. This flush position also resulted in less variable cottonseed shear force measurements. The shear device provides a useful tool for cotton breeders to rapidly quantify the seed strength of prospective cotton cultivars. C1 [Armijo, C. B.; Hughs, S. E.; Gillum, M. N.] USDA ARS, Southwestern Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM USA. [Boykin, J. C.] USDA ARS, Southwestern Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Barnes, E. M.] Cotton Inc, Agr & Environm Res, Cary, NC USA. RP Armijo, CB (reprint author), POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM cararmij@nmsu.edu FU Cotton Incorporated FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Carl Roberts for performing the shear tests and Cotton Incorporated for providing financial support. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 30 IS 4 BP 565 EP 570 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AR4AA UT WOS:000343529200005 ER PT J AU Lewis, MA Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Lewis, M. A. Trabelsi, S. Nelson, S. O. TI ASSESSMENT OF REAL-TIME, IN-SHELL KERNEL MOISTURE CONTENT MONITORING WITH A MICROWAVE MOISTURE METER DURING PEANUT DRYING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Dielectric properties; In-shell kernel moisture content; Microwave sensing; Moisture content; Peanut drying; Sensor network ID BULK-DENSITY; SYSTEM AB The present-day peanut drying process lacks the capability of in-situ kernel moisture content determination in real-time. Samples of peanut pods have to be taken from the drying trailer, cleaned and shelled by an operator to lest for the kernel moisture content. The frequency with which the operator samples the peanuts in the drying trailer to determine kernel moisture content determines the accuracy of the drying process in reaching the targeted kernel moisture content. However, by using a microwave moisture meter, developed within USDA ARS and operating at power levels of a few milliwatts, the moisture content of the peanut kernel can be determined without having to shell the peanut pods. An automated quarter-scale drying system, equipped with the microwave meter, was developed and tested, and it has demonstrated effective control of the drying process and accurate real-time monitoring of kernel moisture content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the drying system with varying initial kernel moisture contents and atmospheric conditions. Therefore, three trials were run where such conditions were varied. Analysis of variance was performed, and standard errors of prediction were evaluated to compare the kernel moisture content values predicted by the microwave moisture meter to those determined by the oven method. In-shell kernel moisture content was determined in real-time with a standard error of performance <= 0.55% moisture when compared to the reference oven-drying method. Overall evaluation demonstrated that the automated drying system is an effective solution for user-independent dryer control and real-time, in-shell kernel moisture content monitoring. C1 [Lewis, M. A.; Trabelsi, S.; Nelson, S. O.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM micah.lewis@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 30 IS 4 BP 649 EP 656 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA AR4AA UT WOS:000343529200014 ER PT J AU Olson, DH Kluber, MR AF Olson, Deanna H. Kluber, Matthew R. TI PLETHODONTID SALAMANDER DISTRIBUTIONS IN MANAGED FOREST HEADWATERS IN WESTERN OREGON, USA SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; artificial cover objects; dispersal; Ensatina; movements; Plethodon ID ZERO-ORDER BASINS; COAST RANGE; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RIPARIAN BUFFER; DETECTION PROBABILITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; MARKED ANIMALS; AMPHIBIANS AB We examined terrestrial amphibians in managed headwater forest stands in western Oregon from 1998 to 2009. We assessed: (1) temporal and spatial patterns of species capture rates, and movement patterns with distance from streams and forest management treatments of alternative riparian buffer widths and upland thinning; (2) species survival and recapture probabilities; and (3) artificial cover object (ACO) sampling utility. We captured over 1,300 animals, primarily Ensatina eschscholtzii, Plethodon vehiculum, and P. dunni. We found spatial and temporal variation in capture rates over time for P. vehiculum, but these patterns appeared unrelated to forest management treatments. Although captures were evenly distributed between near-stream (< 15 m from stream edge) and upland (> 15 m) ACO arrays, species distributions differed with distance from stream. Most movements were short (< 10 m), near streams, and between adjacent ACOs. Using mark-recapture methods (2006-2009) we found no difference in apparent survival among the three species. ACOs were effective, but we offer caveats on their utility. Our results suggest that riparian corridors are highly used by both semi-aquatic and upland salamanders, and movements among surface cover objects occur on the order of a few meters. Headwater riparian areas may act as habitat 'funnels' for these animals, where movements are concentrated within and along narrow stream-side zones. Positioning of upland down wood in 'chains' extending out from riparian area funnels is proposed to facilitate overland habitat connectivity for salamander dispersal. At larger spatial scales, landscape chains of connectivity may be designed with log links connecting riparian and upland areas. C1 [Olson, Deanna H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kluber, Matthew R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Olson, DH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dedeolson@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station; USDI Bureau of Land Management; Oregon State University FX In memoriam, we thank Ted Davis for his innovative 'Davis Board' ACO design, and acknowledge his contributions to the study of northwestern plethodontid salamander ecology. We thank Loretta Ellenburg for field crew leadership and overseeing data collection and management, Dave Rundio for initial cover board deployment and work on the previous transect study, and Betsy Glenn and Manuela Huso for statistical advice. Support was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDI Bureau of Land Management, and Oregon State University. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 76 EP 96 PG 21 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AR2FC UT WOS:000343398000008 ER PT J AU Brown, DJ Duarte, A Mali, I Jones, MC Forstner, MRJ AF Brown, Donald J. Duarte, Adam Mali, Ivana Jones, Melissa C. Forstner, Michael R. J. TI POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF A HIGH SEVERITY WILDFIRE ON ABUNDANCE, MOVEMENT, AND DIVERSITY OF HERPETOFAUNA IN THE LOST PINES ECOREGION OF TEXAS SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; amphibian; detection; forest; movement; reptile ID SHORT-TERM RESPONSE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; UNITED-STATES; HARDWOOD FOREST; MARKED ANIMALS; AMPHIBIANS; MODELS; SURVIVAL; REGIMES; LIZARD AB In September and October 2011, a high severity wildfire burned 39% of the 34,400 ha Lost Pines ecoregion in Bastrop County, Texas, USA. We assessed potential impacts of the wildfire on abundance, movement, and diversity of herpetofauna using drift fence array trap data collected prior to and after the wildfire, and anuran call survey data collected after the fire, on the 1,948 ha Griffith League Ranch. Based on N-mixture model analyses, abundance and movement of Six-lined Race Runners (Cnemidophorus [Aspidoscelis] sexlineatus) and Southern Prairie Lizards (Sceloporus consobrinus) were not significantly different before versus shortly after the wildfire. A capture-recapture analysis indicated that movement rates were higher in the wildfire zone for Hurter's Spadefoot Toads (Scaphiopus hurterii) the following spring. Based on the trap data, herpetofaunal species composition was not significantly different shortly after the fire or subsequently, during the following spring. However, the anuran call survey data indicated that anuran species richness was higher in the wildfire zone. Overall, we did not find reduced abundance or diversity of herpetofauna after the fire, a positive result for conservation in this ecoregion. In addition, our study indicated that investigations focused on fire impacts to ground-dwelling wildlife should consider detection probability when drawing inferences concerning abundances, particularly when differences in ground structure are apparent. Few other studies have examined the effects of intense fires on herpetofauna and our study indicates that herpetofaunal communities can emerge from intense fires without detrimental changes. C1 [Brown, Donald J.; Duarte, Adam; Mali, Ivana; Jones, Melissa C.; Forstner, Michael R. J.] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Brown, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, USDA, 5985 Cty Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM djb.ecology@gmail.com FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through a traditional Section 6 grant FX Our study was supported by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through a traditional Section 6 grant. Joseph Barnett, Devin Preston, Derek Wallace, Mindy Murray, Jennifer Oakley, Chris Tsay, and Amy Connolly assisted with rebuilding traps. Amber Harper, Devin Preston, Derek Wallace, Dionne Episcopo, Emrah Ozel, and Tyrone Davis assisted with trapping. Sara Weaver, Devin Preston, and Derek Wallace assisted with call surveys. The Capitol Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America provided access to Griffith League Ranch, and we appreciate their continuing support of our research. Handling permits were provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (permit SPR-0102-191), and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (permit TE 039544-0). Trapping and handling methods were approved by the Texas State University-San Marcos Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol No. 1012_0501_11). NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 32 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 192 EP 205 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AR2FC UT WOS:000343398000019 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Forshage, M AF Buffington, Matthew L. Forshage, Mattias TI THE DESCRIPTION OF GARUDELLA BUFFINGTON AND FORSHAGE, NEW GENUS (HYMENOPTERA: FIGITIDAE: EUCOILINAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Kleidotomini; occipital impression; new species; new genus; morphology; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam ID REVISION AB Garudella, a remarkable new genus of eucoiline wasp is described from Thailand, Laos, and the Republic of Congo. Four new species of Garudella are described as well: G. acothonaspis, G. afrotropica, G. algo, and G. alicae. Several autapomorphies distinguish this genus from other eucoiline genera: a distinctly protracted and broadened pronotal plate; a massive, posteriorly protruding propodeum; reduced posterior rim of metapleuron; reduced scutellar foveae and lack of lateral bar ''windows''; and a generally reduced scutellar plate. In addition, the posterior of the head has a distinctly curved occipital impression, resulting in the cuticle surrounding the foramen magnum to be extruded into a neck-like process. The biology of Garudella is unknown, but based on phylogenetic inference from morphology, the presumed host could be a cyclorrhaphous Diptera in a saprophagous environment. C1 [Buffington, Matthew L.] USDA, Smithsonian NMNH, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Forshage, Mattias] Nat Hist Riksmuseet, Dept Entomol, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA, Smithsonian NMNH, Systemat Entomol Lab, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov; Mattias.Forshage@nrm.se FU Systematic Entomology Lab (USDA-ARS); Smithsonian Institution Short-term Visitor Grants program; NSF [DEB-0542864, EF-0337220] FX We thank Mike Sharkey (University of Kentucky) and Brian Brown (Los Angeles County Museum) for inviting us to collaborate on the cynipoid portion of the TIGER Project. Smithsonian Institution intern Agnes Cororaton helped considerably in mounting and labeling cynipoids collected in the TIGER Project, and her help is greatly appreciated. Taina Litwak (Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA-ARS) produced the fantastic painting found in Figure 1; Sarah King (SI Intern Program) edited Fig. 7. Guilherme Baiao (NHRS) found the Vietnamese Garudella specimens in RMNH, where Kees van Achterberg and Frederique Bakker assisted with guidance and loans. Fritz Gusenleitner and Martin Schwarz (OSML, Linz, Austria) assisted MF with the loan of the first Vietnamese specimen. Funding was provided to MB by the Systematic Entomology Lab (USDA-ARS) and a short-term visitors grant to the USNM for MF was provided by the Smithsonian Institution Short-term Visitor Grants program. Funding for Mike Sharkey and Brian Brown for running Malaise traps in Thailand was provided by NSF grants DEB-0542864 and EF-0337220. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 116 IS 3 BP 225 EP 242 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.116.3.225 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AQ9PL UT WOS:000343187700001 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Perkovsky, EE Brady, SG AF Buffington, Matthew L. Perkovsky, Evgeny E. Brady, Sean G. TI THE DESCRIPTION OF ROVNOEUCOILA TYMPANOMORPHA BUFFINGTON AND PERKOVSKY, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF FOSSIL EUCOILINE, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE ASYNCHRONOUS EVOLUTION OF DIGLYPHOSEMATINI (HYMENOPTERA: FIGITIDAE: EUCOILINAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Rovno amber; amber inclusion; divergence estimation; parasitoid ID CALIBRATION UNCERTAINTY; GALL WASPS; CYNIPOIDEA; PARASITOIDS; FORMICIDAE; CYNIPIDAE; PHYLOGENY; INSECTA; HISTORY; AMBER AB A new genus and species of Eucoilinae, Rovnoeucoila tympanomorpha Buffington and Perkovsky, from a Rovno Amber inclusion, is described. This new taxon differs from extant eucoilines by having a clearly segmented metasoma and singular flagellomere morphology in the antenna. The new taxon is included in the re-analysis of a fossil calibrated, relaxed molecular clock divergence date analysis of Figitidae. The new analysis infers a mean crown group age for Eucoilinae at approximately 10 million years younger than previously estimated. The age of the eucoiline tribe Diglyphosematini does not change substantially in our new dating analysis, and is much younger when compared to the age of its host lineage Agromyzidae (Diptera); we discuss potential implications of this situation within the context of natural enemy selection in biological control projects that include parasitoid Hymenoptera. C1 [Buffington, Matthew L.] USDA, Smithsonian NMNH, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Perkovsky, Evgeny E.] NAS Ukraine, Schmalhausen Inst Zool, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Brady, Sean G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA, Smithsonian NMNH, Systemat Entomol Lab, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov; perkovsk@gmail.com; bradys@si.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 116 IS 3 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.116.3.243 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AQ9PL UT WOS:000343187700002 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW Wappes, JE AF Lingafelter, Steven W. Wappes, James E. TI TWO NEW SPECIES OF COMPSOSOMA LACORDAIRE FROM SOUTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE: LAMIINAE: COMPSOSOMATINI) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE key; biodiversity; distribution; longhorned woodborer; Neotropics AB Two new species of Compsosoma Lacordaire are described from South America: Compsosoma oculata from Bolivia, Santa Cruz Department, Refugio Los Volcanes and Compsosoma marcelae from Peru, Amazonas Department, 3 km east of Bagua Grande. Compsosoma alboapicalis Breuning is synonymized with Desmiphoropsis variegata (Audinet-Serville). A key to the 13 known species of Compsosoma is presented. C1 [Lingafelter, Steven W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wappes, James E.] Amer Coleoptera Museum, San Antonio, TX 78255 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM steve.lingafelter@ars.usda.gov; wappes@earthlink.net NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 116 IS 3 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.116.3.283 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AQ9PL UT WOS:000343187700005 ER PT J AU Qiu, Z Hall, C Drewes, D Messinger, G Prato, T Hale, K Van Abs, D AF Qiu, Z. Hall, C. Drewes, D. Messinger, G. Prato, T. Hale, K. Van Abs, D. TI Hydrologically Sensitive Areas, Land Use Controls, and Protection of Healthy Watersheds SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Land use change; Surface water hydrology; Topographic index; Geographic information systems; Land use controls; Hydrologically sensitive area; Watershed management ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; FLOW; STRATEGIES; TOPMODEL; SHALLOW; IMPACT AB Land use changes driven by urban development impose immediate threats to watershed health and sustainability of water resources. Municipalities can implement various land use controls to direct future urban development that has long lasting impacts on water resources. Hydrologically sensitive areas (HSAs) are the areas in landscapes that most actively contribute to runoff generation. This study establishes the connection between land use controls at a municipal level and protection of healthy watersheds through the concept of HSAs and assesses the effectiveness of five land use controls in protecting HSAs from future urban development in three selected municipalities in New Jersey. The five land use controls are steep slope ordinance, stream corridor ordinance, open space and farmland preservation, and wetlands protection. The results indicate the five land use controls protect 44-64% of municipal HSAs, which are only about 22-26% of the total area protected from urban development by those land use controls. The stream corridor ordinance is the most areally extensive, but wetlands protection is the most effective land use control in protecting HSAs in the three municipalities. These land use controls have significant potential to protect HSAs if additional protection criteria are incorporated into their implementation. The assessment provides practical guidance to land use planners and water resource managers who manage landscapes for water resource protection and environmental quality improvement. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Qiu, Z.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Hall, C.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. [Drewes, D.] Coll New Jersey, Sustainabil Inst, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. [Messinger, G.] North Jersey Resource Conservat & Dev Council, Clinton, NJ 08809 USA. [Prato, T.] Univ Missouri, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hale, K.] New Jersey Water Supply Author, Somerville, NJ 08876 USA. [Van Abs, D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Human Ecol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Qiu, Z (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM zeyuan.qiu@njit.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Center for Environmental Research [RD-83336301-0]; U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture [NJW-2011-03976] FX The views expressed in the paper are authors' individual perspectives and not necessarily represent the positions of their affiliated institutions or agencies. The funding supports for the research are provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Center for Environmental Research (Grant Number RD-83336301-0) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Project Number NJW-2011-03976). NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 27 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 EI 1943-5452 J9 J WATER RES PLAN MAN JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2014 VL 140 IS 7 AR 04014011 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000376 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA AQ5HB UT WOS:000342837100002 ER PT J AU Shuai, XF Green, TR Ray, C Syrmos, VL AF Shuai, Xiufu Green, Timothy R. Ray, Chittaranjan Syrmos, Vassilis L. TI Multisection Transmission Line Scatter Function Theory for Measurements of Soil Dielectric Properties SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; WAVE-FORMS; SPECTRA; MOISTURE; SENSORS; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Vector network analyzers measure both reflection (S-11) and transmission (S-21) functions, but S-21 has not been used to estimate soil dielectric permittivity independently. The objectives of this study were to (i) derive the mathematical model for S-21 of a multisection transmission line and (ii) test this model and demonstrate the method. The mathematical model for S-21 integrates multiple transmissions across a section as a feedback subsystem. Two experiments were conducted using oven-dried sand and air to examine the S-21 model. In the first experiment, a waveguide was filled with one section of sand to form a three-section transmission line; in the second experiment, two sections of sand formed a five-section transmission line. The S-11 and S-21 functions were measured with a vector network analyzer, and the complex dielectric permittivity values were calculated. Results of Debye model fitting and sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the complex dielectric permittivity of low-loss sand estimated from the measured S-21 were less variable and followed the Debye model more closely than those from the measured S-11 in the frequency range from 45.0 MHz to 3.0 GHz. Therefore, the complex dielectric permittivity of low-loss materials may be estimated more precisely using measurements of S-21 with the derived feedback model than with the widely used method based on S-11. These general behaviors are also expected for more lossy media within a limited frequency range, but the present theory and testing methods should be used to evaluate permittivity measurements under field conditions in moist heterogeneous soils. C1 [Shuai, Xiufu; Ray, Chittaranjan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Green, Timothy R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Syrmos, Vassilis L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Elect Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Green, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150-D Ctr Ave 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tim.green@ars.usda.gov FU Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI FX Funding was provided by the Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI. We appreciate the review comments and suggestions by Dr. Joaquin Casanova, Prof. Chih-Ping Lin, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1139 EP 1145 DI 10.2136/sssaj2013.11.0505 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AQ9IF UT WOS:000343163800001 ER PT J AU Wang, ZJ Kojima, Y Lu, ST Chen, Y Horton, R Schwartz, RC AF Wang, Zhuangji Kojima, Yuki Lu, Songtao Chen, Yan Horton, Robert Schwartz, Robert C. TI Time Domain Reflectometry Waveform Analysis with Second-Order Bounded Mean Oscillation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER CONTENTS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NEIGHBORHOOD FILTERS; HEAT-PULSE; PROBE AB Tangent-line methods and adaptive waveform interpretation with Gaussian filtering (AWIGF) have been proposed for determining reflection positions of time domain reflectometry (TDR) waveforms. However, the accuracy of those methods is limited for short-probe TDR sensors. Second-order bounded mean oscillation (BMO) may be an alternative method to determine reflection positions of short-probe TDR waveforms. For this study, an algorithm of second-order BMO is developed. Example waveforms are analyzed with tangent-line methods, AWIGF method, and second-order BMO to illustrate the difference among the three methods. For some waveforms, second-order BMO appears be able to give more plausible results. Automatic implementation was challenging for the second-order BMO. With second-order BMO, it is difficult to set a default threshold suitably for all TDR waveforms. Thus, manual adjustment may be required to select a suitable threshold for second-order BMO analysis. C1 [Wang, Zhuangji; Kojima, Yuki; Horton, Robert] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lu, Songtao] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chen, Yan] China Agr Univ, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Schwartz, Robert C.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Wang, ZJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM zhuangji@iastate.edu OI Lu, Songtao/0000-0001-9256-9648 FU National Science Foundation [1215864]; Iowa State University Department of Agronomy; Hatch Act; State of Iowa funds FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant 1215864, by Iowa State University Department of Agronomy, by the Hatch Act, and by State of Iowa funds. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1146 EP 1152 DI 10.2136/sssaj203.11.0497 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AQ9IF UT WOS:000343163800002 ER PT J AU Stolt, MH Bakken, J AF Stolt, Mark H. Bakken, Jonathan TI Inconsistencies in Terminology and Definitions of Organic Soil Materials SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FOREST ECOSYSTEM; CARBON POOLS; NITROGEN AB In the last several decades, soil scientists have been conducting studies of organic soil materials to address critical environmental issues such as sequestration of the greenhouse gas CO2 and identification of hydric soils for wetland delineation. These studies form the knowledge base that the larger scientific community relies on to provide an understanding of identifying hydric soils for wetland identification and metrics of soil C quantity, variability, and fluxes for global C studies and models. Critical to this knowledge base is a set of criteria, terms, and definitions that can be consistently applied within and across scientific disciplines. In this study, we examined the degree of decomposition of 84 organic soil horizons and discuss these data relative to the criteria for the sapric, hemic, and fibric decomposition classes. Of the 84 horizons analyzed, 68 met the laboratory pyrophosphate color requirement, but only 28 met the laboratory fiber content criteria suggesting some disconnect between rubbed fiber content and pyrophosphate color requirements. A review of the literature suggests that the application of the terms sapric, hemic, and fibric vary among soil standards and that although pyrophosphate color is required for determining decomposition class for classification of Histosols and many hydric soil indicators, few pedologists or wetland scientists use these data. The results from our study and review of selected standards regarding the definitions, terminology, and criteria used for the application and classification of organic soil materials suggest that the soil science community needs to be more consistent in how soil organic materials are defined. C1 [Stolt, Mark H.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston Coastal Inst 112, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Bakken, Jonathan] USDA NRCS, Thief River Falls, MN 56701 USA. RP Stolt, MH (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston Coastal Inst 112, Dept Nat Resources Sci, 1 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM mstolt@uri.edu FU National Soil Survey Center; NE-1038 multistate project FX This paper is a contribution of the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station (no. 5398). This worked was funded in part from a grant from the National Soil Survey Center and the NE-1038 multistate project. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1332 EP 1337 DI 10.2136/sssaj2014.02.0048n PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AQ9IF UT WOS:000343163800020 ER PT J AU Daigh, AL Sauer, TJ Xiao, XH Horton, R AF Daigh, Aaron L. Sauer, Thomas J. Xiao, Xinhua Horton, Robert TI Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Soil-Surface Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Bioenergy Corn Rotations and Reconstructed Prairies SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL SYSTEM; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; WATER CONTENT; FLUX; RESPIRATION; DIFFUSION; ROOT; GAS AB The interest in bioenergy crops has raised questions as to the potential of management strategies to preserve soil C pools and soil quality. Since soil-surface CO2 effluxes are a major fate of soil C, knowledge of CO2 efflux's spatial and temporal trends among bioenergy crops will facilitate advances in research on improving terrestrial C-cycle models as well as decision support tools for policy and land-management. Our objective was to evaluate spatial and temporal dynamics of soil-surface CO2 effluxes in bioenergy-based corn (Zea mays L.) and reconstructed prairie systems. Systems evaluated included continuous corn (harvested for grain and 50% of the corn stover) with and without a cover crop, mixed prairies (harvested for aboveground biomass) with and without N fertilization, and corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations harvested for grain. Soil-surface CO2 effluxes, soil temperature, and soil water contents were monitored weekly from July 2008 to September 2011 and hourly during portions of 2010 and 2011. Annual soil-surface CO2 effluxes were greater in prairies than row crops and are attributed to greater plant root respiration. Soil-surface CO2 effluxes spatially varied among intra-crop management zones only for continuous corn with stover removal. However, the cover crop reduced CO2 efflux spatial variability 70% of the time as compared to stover removal without a cover crop. Spatial variability of effluxes was not explained by soil physical properties or conditions. Temperature-induced diurnal fluctuations of CO2 effluxes were not evident during apparent soil-water redistribution. Further research on the mechanisms behind this process is needed followed by incorporation of mechanisms into CO2 efflux models. C1 [Daigh, Aaron L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Sauer, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Xiao, Xinhua] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Horton, Robert] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Daigh, AL (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, 147 Walster Hall, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM aaron.daigh@ndsu.edu FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture through the interagency U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program; Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Iowa State University, Agronomy Department FX This research was funded by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture through the interagency U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program, the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Iowa State University, Agronomy Department. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1338 EP 1350 DI 10.2136/sssaj2014.02.0072 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AQ9IF UT WOS:000343163800021 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Ferguson, RB Jin, VL Schmer, MR Wienhold, BJ Tatarko, J AF Blanco-Canqui, Humberto Ferguson, Richard B. Jin, Virginia L. Schmer, Marty R. Wienhold, Brian J. Tatarko, John TI Can Cover Crop and Manure Maintain Soil Properties After Stover Removal from Irrigated No-Till Corn? SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; ORGANIC-CARBON; WIND EROSION; QUALITY; FERTILIZATION; AGGREGATION; STABILITY; NITROGEN; COMPOST; SYSTEMS AB Addition of cover crops and animal manure following corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal for expanded uses may mitigate negative soil property effects of stover removal. We studied the short-term (3 yr) cumulative impacts of stover removal with and without winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop or animal manure application on near-surface (0- to 5-cm depth) soil properties under irrigated no-till continuous corn on a Hastings silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Udic Argiustolls) (<3% slope) near Clay Center, NE. Treatments were irrigation levels (full and deficit), amelioration practices (none, cover crop, or animal manure), stover removal (no removal or maximum removal), and N fertilization (125 or 200 kg N ha(-1)). Data collected after 3 yr indicate that stover removal (63%) reduced geometric mean diameter of dry aggregates 93%, increased erodible fraction sixfold, and reduced aggregate stability 32% compared with plots without stover removal. Stover removal from plots with cover crop or manure reduced dry aggregate size and stability and increased erodible fraction compared with plots without removal and amelioration practices, indicating that amelioration practices did not offset stover removal effects. Stover removal reduced wet aggregate stability and soil organic C (SOC) concentration in the 0- to 2.5-cm depth, but cover crop or manure mitigated these small reductions. Stover removal did not change water infiltration rates and had small effects on particulate organic matter (POM). Overall, in the short term, cover crop or manure may not provide sufficient protection from raindrop impact and wetting and drying cycles to maintain soil structure, resulting in increased susceptibility to wind erosion. Use of these amelioration practices, however, may offset changes in surface layer wet aggregate stability and SOC after high rates of stover removal in this region. C1 [Blanco-Canqui, Humberto; Ferguson, Richard B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Jin, Virginia L.; Schmer, Marty R.; Wienhold, Brian J.] USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tatarko, John] USDA ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM hblanco2@unl.edu FU USDA-ARS Resilient Economic and Agricultural Practices (REAP) Project FX The ongoing experiment at the UNL-South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE is partially supported by the USDA-ARS Resilient Economic and Agricultural Practices (REAP) Project. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 12 U2 56 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1368 EP 1377 DI 10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0550 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AQ9IF UT WOS:000343163800024 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. Stuedemann, John A. TI Temporal Dynamics of Total and Particulate Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Cover Crop Grazed Cropping Systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; NO-TILLAGE; LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION; COASTAL-PLAIN; CO2 EVOLUTION; MATTER POOLS; MANAGEMENT; STORAGE AB Soil organic C and N are important indicators of agricultural sustainability, yet numerous field studies have revealed a multitude of responses in the extent and rate of change imposed by conservation management and, therefore, a lack of clarity on responses. We conducted an evaluation of total and particulate organic C and N in the surface 30 cm on a Typic Kanhapludult in northern Georgia during 7 yr of tillage (conventional disk and no tillage) and cover crop utilization (ungrazed and grazed by cattle). Soil organic C and total soil N were greater under no tillage (NT) than under conventional tillage (CT) at depths of 0 to 3 and 3 to 6 cm but were lower under NT than CT at depths of 12 to 20 and 20 to 30 cm. Total soil N accumulated with time at a depth of 0 to 6 cm under both tillage systems and the rate tended to be greater under NT than under CT (0.039 vs. 0.021 Mg N ha(-1) yr(-1), p = 0.10). Soil organic C accumulated with time at a depth of 0 to 6 cm under all management systems, but there was a significant tillage x cover crop interaction (0.68 and 1.09 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) with ungrazed cover crop management under CT and NT, respectively, and 0.84 and 0.66 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) with grazed cover crop management under CT and NT, respectively). At a depth of 0 to 30 cm, there was only a tillage trend (1.00 and 1.59 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) under CT and NT, respectively; p = 0.09). Particulate organic C was more dramatically different than soil organic C between tillage regimes at a depth of 0 to 30 cm (-0.49 and 0.35 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) under CT and NT, respectively; p < 0.001). Grazing of cover crops had little negative impact on soil C and N fractions, suggesting that NT and grazing of cover crops could provide a broader-spectrum conservation cropping approach in the southeastern United States. C1 [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Stuedemann, John A.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3218 Williams Hall NCSU Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program [2001-35107-11126]; Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn FX Thanks are extended to Mr. Steven W. Knapp for his excellent management of field and laboratory work on this project. We also thank Dwight Seman, C.J. O'Mara, and Eric Elsner for managing cattle, Robert Martin for analyzing soil, and Carson Pruitt, Zack Schroer, Kelley and Kim Lyness, Josh Cown, Amanda Limbaugh, Faye Black, Stephanie Steed, and Devin Berry for their assistance in the field and lab while students. Early financial support was provided by USDA-National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (Agr. No. 2001-35107-11126) and the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1404 EP 1413 DI 10.2136/sssaj2014.01.0042 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AQ9IF UT WOS:000343163800027 ER PT J AU Wuest, S AF Wuest, Stewart TI Seasonal Variation in Soil Organic Carbon SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES; LAND-USE; MANAGEMENT; SEQUESTRATION; GRASSLAND; AUSTRALIA; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; IMPACTS; PRAIRIE AB Long-term changes in total soil organic C usually occur gradually. These long-term trends might be obscured by smaller, rapid changes in soil C due to seasonal inputs of plant residues, roots, and exudates, or decomposition of such inputs. Yet there is little, if any, data describing the magnitude of seasonal changes in soil C. If seasonal fluctuations in soil C are substantial, then important implications exist for accurate comparison of soil C between sites, between treatments, and even in the same experimental unit over time. Thirty-nine consecutive monthly soil samples were taken from a field experiment planted every year with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Pacific Northwest, United States. The variation in soil organic C was 14 to 16% of the mean over the 39-mo period in the top 250 kg m(-2) equivalent mass (similar to 0- to 20-cm depth). Two to eight percent could be identified as a regular seasonal pattern. The no-till management system had the greatest seasonal fluctuation, and the timing of the annual maximum was different from that of the tilled soil management treatments. In the shallower soil layer (similar to 0-7 cm), total soil organic C varied 12 to 29% in which 4 to 13% could be attributed to a 12-mo seasonal pattern. Given the small magnitude of changes in soil C being measured and modeled in many agricultural and natural systems, soil samples taken at a single point in time are likely to encounter substantial but hidden measurement variability. The variability may be compounded by factors of the timing of sampling in relation to natural soil organic matter cycles and differences in the cycle due to treatment and weather. Sampling plans, which account for seasonal fluctuation and the different fluctuation patterns under different soil situations, will improve measurement accuracy. C1 ARS, USDA, Adams, OR 97810 USA. RP Wuest, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Rd, Adams, OR 97810 USA. EM Stewart.Wuest@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1442 EP 1447 DI 10.2136/sssaj2013.10.0447 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AQ9IF UT WOS:000343163800031 ER PT J AU Biederman, JA Harpold, AA Gochis, DJ Ewers, BE Reed, DE Papuga, SA Brooks, PD AF Biederman, J. A. Harpold, A. A. Gochis, D. J. Ewers, B. E. Reed, D. E. Papuga, S. A. Brooks, P. D. TI Increased evaporation following widespread tree mortality limits streamflow response SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; PINE-BEETLE INFESTATION; ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-ELEVATION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EDDY COVARIANCE AB A North American epidemic of mountain pine beetle (MPB) has disturbed over 5 million ha of forest containing headwater catchments crucial to water resources. However, there are limited observations of MPB effects on partitioning of precipitation between vapor loss and streamflow, and to our knowledge these fluxes have not been observed simultaneously following disturbance. We combined eddy covariance vapor loss (V), catchment streamflow (Q), and stable isotope indicators of evaporation (E) to quantify hydrologic partitioning over 3 years in MPB-impacted and control sites. Annual control V was conservative, varying only from 573 to 623 mm, while MPB site V varied more widely from 570 to 700 mm. During wet periods, MPB site V was greater than control V in spite of similar above-canopy potential evapotranspiration (PET). During a wet year, annual MPB V was greater and annual Q was lower as compared to an average year, while in a dry year, essentially all water was partitioned to V. Ratios of H-2 and O-18 in stream and soil water showed no kinetic evaporation at the control site, while MPB isotope ratios fell below the local meteoric water line, indicating greater E and snowpack sublimation (S-s) counteracted reductions in transpiration (T) and sublimation of canopy-intercepted snow (S-c). Increased E was possibly driven by reduced canopy shading of shortwave radiation, which averaged 21 W m(-2) during summer under control forest as compared to 66 W m(-2) under MPB forest. These results show that abiotic vapor losses may limit widely expected streamflow increases. C1 [Biederman, J. A.; Brooks, P. D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Harpold, A. A.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Harpold, A. A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gochis, D. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ewers, B. E.; Reed, D. E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ewers, B. E.; Reed, D. E.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Reed, D. E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Papuga, S. A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Brooks, P. D.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Biederman, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM joel.biederman@ars.usda.gov OI Harpold, Adrian/0000-0002-2566-9574; Reed, David/0000-0002-8892-1423 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0910831]; United States Geological Service; Wyoming Agricultural Research Station through McIntire-Stennis; Wyoming Water Development Commission; Science Foundation Arizona; Arizona Water Sustainability Program; NCALM Seed grant program; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR); Terrestrial Carbon Processes Program (TCP); National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB); National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation EAR-0910831, United States Geological Service, Wyoming Agricultural Research Station through McIntire-Stennis and the Wyoming Water Development Commission. Science Foundation Arizona, the Arizona Water Sustainability Program and the NCALM Seed grant program provided support to J.B. The National Science Foundation Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research project and the University of Colorado Mountain Research Station provided logistical support and data. The Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux tower has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR) and Terrestrial Carbon Processes Program (TCP) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB). We thank B. Bright, A. Meddens, and J. Hicke of the University of Idaho for sharing QuickBird and Landsat land cover classification of the MPB site, and S. Peckham of the University of Wyoming for mapping of mortality in the MPB tower footprint. Field data (supporting information) were provided for Niwot by J. Knowles, R. Cowie, and M. Williams and for Chimney Park by J. Frank and the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported through a cooperative agreement from the National Science Foundation. The authors thank T. Meixner, B. Bright, Z. Guido, and three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that clarified and improved the manuscript. NR 96 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 7 BP 5395 EP 5409 DI 10.1002/2013WR014994 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AQ2QG UT WOS:000342632000002 ER PT J AU Yochum, SE Bledsoe, BP Wohl, E David, GCL AF Yochum, Steven E. Bledsoe, Brian P. Wohl, Ellen David, Gabrielle C. L. TI Spatial characterization of roughness elements in high-gradient channels of the Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado, USA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STEP-POOL CHANNELS; FLOW RESISTANCE; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; MEDIAN FILTERS; BED ROUGHNESS; WOODY DEBRIS; VELOCITY; WATER; WASHINGTON AB We collected high-resolution LiDAR-based spatial and reach-average flow resistance data at a range of flows in headwater stream channels of the Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado, USA. Using these data, we implemented a random field approach for assessing the variability of detrended bed elevations and flow depths for both the entire channel width and the thalweg-centered 50% of the channel width (to exclude bank effects). The spatial characteristics of these channels, due to bedforms, large clasts and instream wood, were compared with Darcy-Weisbach f and stream type through the use of the first four probability density function moments (mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis). The standard deviation of the bed elevations (sigma(z)) combined with depth (h), as relative bedform submergence (h/sigma(z)), was well correlated with f (R-2 = 0.81) for the 50% of channel width. The explained variance decreased substantially (R-2 = 0.69) when accounting for the entire width, indicating lesser contribution of channel edges to flow resistance. The flow depth skew also explained a substantial amount of the variance in f (R-2 = 0.78). A spectrum of channel types is evident in depth plots of skew versus kurtosis, with channel types ranging from plane bed, transitional, step pool/cascade, to cascade. These results varied when bank effects were included or excluded, although definitive patterns were observed for both analyses. Random field analyses may be valuable for developing tools for predicting flow resistance, as well as for quantifying the spectrum of morphologic change in high-gradient channel types, from plane bed through cascade. C1 [Yochum, Steven E.; Bledsoe, Brian P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wohl, Ellen; David, Gabrielle C. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Yochum, SE (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM steven.yochum@usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR0608918]; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service FX Appreciation is expressed to the National Science Foundation for funding (grant EAR0608918), to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service for additional funding, to the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station for hosting the research on the Fraser Experimental Forest, and to our field assistants Mark Hussey, Dan Dolan, and Lina Polvi. Appreciation is also expressed for helpful comments on portions of this and related manuscripts by Sara Rathburn, Chester Watson, Roman Weichert, Andre Zimmermann, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 7 BP 6015 EP 6029 DI 10.1002/2014WR015587 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AQ2QG UT WOS:000342632000037 ER PT J AU Samtani, JB Rachuy, JS Mou, B Fennimore, SA AF Samtani, Jayesh B. Rachuy, John S. Mou, Beiquan Fennimore, Steven A. TI Evaluation of Tribenuron-Methyl on Sulfonylurea-Resistant Lettuce Germplasm SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conventional breeding; herbicide-resistant crops; herbicide-resistant lettuce ID HERBICIDE-RESISTANT; LACTUCA-SERRIOLA; WEED-CONTROL; TOLERANT; HALOSULFURON; RIMSULFURON; MANAGEMENT; ECONOMICS; FUTURE; SATIVA AB A sulfonylurea (SU) herbicide resistance allele discovered in prickly lettuce was previously transferred to domestic lettuce with the cultivar name 'ID-BR1'. ID-BR1 was acquired, and the SU resistance allele was transferred through traditional breeding methods to five common commercial lettuce types: butterhead, crisphead, green leaf, red leaf; and romaine. Field trials were conducted at Salinas, CA during 2011 and 2012 to evaluate POST applications of tribenuron-methyl (tribenuron) on SU-susceptible and SU-resistant lettuce types. Treatments included a nontreated control, pronamide applied PRE at 1,340 g ai ha(-1), and tribenuron at 4, 9, and 17 g ai ha(-1) applied POST. Data collected were: weed control, crop injury estimates (0 = safe, 100 = dead), stand counts, and lettuce yields. Injury to lettuce from tribenuron was high in SU-susceptible lettuce types and low in SU-resistant accessions. With the exceptions of a romaine lettuce line that still may have some susceptible individuals, tribenuron did not reduce yield of SU-resistant lettuce, but did reduce the yield of SU-susceptible lettuce. Suppression of weeds such as common groundsel and annual sowthistle was higher with tribenuron than with pronamide. Tribenuron should be considered for registration as a lettuce herbicide for SU-resistant lettuce to improve current weed management options for that crop. C1 [Samtani, Jayesh B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Hort, Virginia Beach, VA 23455 USA. [Rachuy, John S.; Fennimore, Steven A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Mou, Beiquan] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Fennimore, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM safennimore@ucdavis.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service, Crops at Risk Program [2005-04037]; California Leafy Greens Research Program FX We thank the USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service, Crops at Risk Program (2005-04037) and the California Leafy Greens Research Program for financial support of this project. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 28 IS 3 BP 510 EP 517 DI 10.1614/WT-D-13-00117.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AQ2XS UT WOS:000342653900009 ER PT J AU Grey, TL Turpin, FS Wells, L Webster, TM AF Grey, Timothy L. Turpin, Fred S., II Wells, Lenny Webster, Theodore M. TI A Survey of Weeds and Herbicides in Georgia Pecan SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Postemergence; preemergence; soil residual herbicides; weed management ID RADISH RAPHANUS-RAPHANISTRUM; SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; PALMER AMARANTH; GLYPHOSATE; RESISTANCE; CROPS AB A survey was conducted in 2012 in Georgia to determine the most troublesome weeds in pecan orchards and document common herbicide weed control practices. Weed control practices and infestations in pecan were divided between winter and summer seasons. The most troublesome pecan winter weed species were wild radish and Italian ryegrass, whereas the most troublesome summer season weeds were Palmer amaranth and bermudagrass. Other weeds included crabgrass species, bahiagrass, Florida pusley, purslane species, morningglory species, curly dock, and cutleaf evening-primrose. The most widely used POST herbicide in both the winter and summer season was glyphosate. The most commonly used year-round herbicides with soil persistence were pendimethalin, diuron, flumioxazin, halosulfuron, simazine, indaziflam, and oryzalin. Use of multiple herbicides, PRE- and POST-contact and soil-persistent, with various herbicide mechanisms of action, have benefited pecan producers by providing year-round weed control, despite herbicide-resistant weeds being widely established in this region. C1 [Grey, Timothy L.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Grey, TL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Tifton Campus,2360 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM tgrey@uga.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 FU Georgia Commodity Commission for Pecan FX Thanks to the Georgia Commodity Commission for Pecan for partial funding of this project, and Jerry Davis, statistician with Experimental Statistics Department, University of Georgia for statistical analysis and support. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 28 IS 3 BP 552 EP 559 DI 10.1614/WT-D-13-00126.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AQ2XS UT WOS:000342653900014 ER PT J AU Nilsson, RH Hyde, KD Pawlowska, J Ryberg, M Tedersoo, L Aas, AB Alias, SA Alves, A Anderson, CL Antonelli, A Arnold, AE Bahnmann, B Bahram, M Bengtsson-Palme, J Berlin, A Branco, S Chomnunti, P Dissanayake, A Drenkhan, R Friberg, H Froslev, TG Halwachs, B Hartmann, M Henricot, B Jayawardena, R Jumpponen, A Kauserud, H Koskela, S Kulik, T Liimatainen, K Lindahl, BD Lindner, D Liu, JK Maharachchikumbura, S Manamgoda, D Martinsson, S Neves, MA Niskanen, T Nylinder, S Pereira, OL Pinho, DB Porter, TM Queloz, V Riit, T Sanchez-Garcia, M de Sousa, F Stefanczyk, E Tadych, M Takamatsu, S Tian, Q Udayanga, D Unterseher, M Wang, Z Wikee, S Yan, JY Larsson, E Larsson, KH Koljalg, U Abarenkov, K AF Nilsson, R. Henrik Hyde, Kevin D. Pawlowska, Julia Ryberg, Martin Tedersoo, Leho Aas, Anders Bjornsgard Alias, Siti A. Alves, Artur Anderson, Cajsa Lisa Antonelli, Alexandre Arnold, A. Elizabeth Bahnmann, Barbara Bahram, Mohammad Bengtsson-Palme, Johan Berlin, Anna Branco, Sara Chomnunti, Putarak Dissanayake, Asha Drenkhan, Rein Friberg, Hanna Froslev, Tobias Guldberg Halwachs, Bettina Hartmann, Martin Henricot, Beatrice Jayawardena, Ruvishika Jumpponen, Ari Kauserud, Havard Koskela, Sonja Kulik, Tomasz Liimatainen, Kare Lindahl, Bjorn D. Lindner, Daniel Liu, Jian-Kui Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa Manamgoda, Dimuthu Martinsson, Svante Neves, Maria Alice Niskanen, Tuula Nylinder, Stephan Pereira, Olinto Liparini Pinho, Danilo Batista Porter, Teresita M. Queloz, Valentin Riit, Taavi Sanchez-Garcia, Marisol de Sousa, Filipe Stefanczyk, Emil Tadych, Mariusz Takamatsu, Susumu Tian, Qing Udayanga, Dhanushka Unterseher, Martin Wang, Zheng Wikee, Saowanee Yan, Jiye Larsson, Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Koljalg, Urmas Abarenkov, Kessy TI Improving ITS sequence data for identification of plant pathogenic fungi SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Phytopathogenic fungi; Molecular identification; ITS; Taxonomy; Annotation ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; DIVERSITY; TAXONOMY; GENBANK; HUMANS; TREE AB Plant pathogenic fungi are a large and diverse assemblage of eukaryotes with substantial impacts on natural ecosystems and human endeavours. These taxa often have complex and poorly understood life cycles, lack observable, discriminatory morphological characters, and may not be amenable to in vitro culturing. As a result, species identification is frequently difficult. Molecular (DNA sequence) data have emerged as crucial information for the taxonomic identification of plant pathogenic fungi, with the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region being the most popular marker. However, international nucleotide sequence databases are accumulating numerous sequences of compromised or low-resolution taxonomic annotations and substandard technical quality, making their use in the molecular identification of plant pathogenic fungi problematic. Here we report on a concerted effort to identify high-quality reference sequences for various plant pathogenic fungi and to re-annotate incorrectly or insufficiently annotated public ITS sequences from these fungal lineages. A third objective was to enrich the sequences with geographical and ecological metadata. The results - a total of 31,954 changes - are incorporated in and made available through the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (including standalone FASTA files of sequence data for local BLAST searches, use in the next-generation sequencing analysis platforms QIIME and mothur, and related applications. The present initiative is just a beginning to cover the wide spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi, and we invite all researchers with pertinent expertise to join the annotation effort. C1 [Nilsson, R. Henrik; Anderson, Cajsa Lisa; Antonelli, Alexandre; Martinsson, Svante; de Sousa, Filipe; Larsson, Ellen] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Hyde, Kevin D.; Dissanayake, Asha; Jayawardena, Ruvishika; Liu, Jian-Kui; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa; Manamgoda, Dimuthu; Tian, Qing; Udayanga, Dhanushka] Mae Fah Luang Univ, Inst Excellence Fungal Res, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. [Hyde, Kevin D.; Chomnunti, Putarak; Dissanayake, Asha; Jayawardena, Ruvishika; Liu, Jian-Kui; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa; Manamgoda, Dimuthu; Tian, Qing; Udayanga, Dhanushka; Wikee, Saowanee] Mae Fah Luang Univ, Sch Sci, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. [Pawlowska, Julia] Univ Warsaw, Dept Plant Systemat & Geog, Fac Biol, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Ryberg, Martin] Uppsala Univ, Dept Organismal Biol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Tedersoo, Leho; Bahram, Mohammad; Riit, Taavi; Koljalg, Urmas] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia. [Aas, Anders Bjornsgard; Kauserud, Havard] Univ Oslo, Microbial Evolut Res Grp, N-0371 Oslo, Norway. [Alias, Siti A.] Univ Malaya, Inst Biol Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Alves, Artur] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, CESAM, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Arnold, A. Elizabeth] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bahnmann, Barbara] Inst Microbiol ASCR, Lab Environm Microbiol, Prague 14220 4, Czech Republic. [Bengtsson-Palme, Johan] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Biomed, Dept Infect Dis, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Berlin, Anna; Friberg, Hanna; Lindahl, Bjorn D.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Mycol & Plant Pathol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Branco, Sara] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dissanayake, Asha; Jayawardena, Ruvishika; Yan, Jiye] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. [Drenkhan, Rein] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Froslev, Tobias Guldberg] Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Halwachs, Bettina] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Genom & Bioinformat, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Halwachs, Bettina] Austrian Ctr Ind Biotechnol, Core Facil Bioinformat, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Hartmann, Martin] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Hartmann, Martin] Agroscope, Inst Sustainabil Sci, Mol Ecol, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Henricot, Beatrice] Royal Hort Soc, Woking GU23 6QB, Surrey, England. [Jumpponen, Ari] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Koskela, Sonja] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, Metapopulat Res Grp, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Kulik, Tomasz] Univ Warmia & Mazury, Dept Diagnost & Plant Pathophysiol, PL-10957 Olsztyn, Poland. [Liimatainen, Kare; Niskanen, Tuula] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Lindner, Daniel] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI USA. [Neves, Maria Alice] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Bot, PPG Biol Fungos Algas & Plantas, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Nylinder, Stephan] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Pereira, Olinto Liparini; Pinho, Danilo Batista] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitopatol, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Porter, Teresita M.] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Queloz, Valentin] ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Sanchez-Garcia, Marisol] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Stefanczyk, Emil] Mlochow Res Ctr, Natl Res Inst, Plant Breeding & Acclimatizat Inst, PL-05831 Mlochow, Poland. [Tadych, Mariusz] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Takamatsu, Susumu] Mie Univ, Plant Pathol Lab, Fac Bioresources, Tsu, Mie 5148507, Japan. [Unterseher, Martin] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. [Wang, Zheng] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Larsson, Karl-Henrik] Nat Hist Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Koljalg, Urmas; Abarenkov, Kessy] Univ Tartu, Nat Hist Museum, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. RP Abarenkov, K (reprint author), Univ Tartu, Nat Hist Museum, Vanemuise 46, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. EM kessy.abarenkov@ut.ee RI CESAM, UA/M-3762-2015; Hartmann, Martin/M-9371-2016; Alves, Artur/C-3645-2008; Pinho, Danilo/D-3481-2014; Pawlowska, Julia/F-7881-2015; HJ ALIAS, SITI AISYAH/B-9785-2010; Bahram, Mohammad/A-9766-2010; Abarenkov, Kessy/H-9611-2015; Wang, Zheng/A-2318-2011; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa/C-9403-2013; Tadych, Mariusz/G-4449-2015; Antonelli, Alexandre/A-5353-2011; OI Hartmann, Martin/0000-0001-8069-5284; Alves, Artur/0000-0003-0117-2958; Pinho, Danilo/0000-0003-2624-302X; Pawlowska, Julia/0000-0003-4914-5182; Abarenkov, Kessy/0000-0001-5526-4845; Wang, Zheng/0000-0002-8849-8549; Tadych, Mariusz/0000-0003-4776-1096; Udayanga, Dhanushka/0000-0002-3088-7752; Antonelli, Alexandre/0000-0003-1842-9297; Bengtsson-Palme, Johan/0000-0002-6528-3158; Nilsson, Henrik/0000-0002-8052-0107 FU Swedish Research Council of Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning (FORMAS) [215-2011-498]; European Funds through COMPETE; National Funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [PTDC/AGR-FOR/3807/2012 - FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027979, PEst-C/MAR/LA0017/2013]; National Science Foundation [DBI 1046115]; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) [NN303_548839]; FAPEMIG; CNPq; Government of Canada through Genome Canada; Ontario Genomics Institute [OGI-050]; FFG; BMWFJ; BMVIT; ZIT; Zukunftsstiftung Tirol; Land Steiermark within the Austrian COMET program FFG Grant [824186] FX RHN acknowledges financial support from Swedish Research Council of Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning (FORMAS, 215-2011-498). ArA acknowledges financial support from European Funds through COMPETE and by National Funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) within projects PTDC/AGR-FOR/3807/2012 - FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027979 and PEst-C/MAR/LA0017/2013. SB is supported by National Science Foundation Grant DBI 1046115. The Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) contribution (BH) was supported by FFG, BMWFJ, BMVIT, ZIT, Zukunftsstiftung Tirol, and Land Steiermark within the Austrian COMET program FFG Grant 824186. Financial support to JP was partially provided by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW), grant no. NN303_548839. OLP acknowledges financial support from FAPEMIG and CNPq. TMP was funded by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute through the Biomonitoring 2.0 project (OGI-050). The GenBank staff is acknowledged for helpful discussions and data sharing. The NEFOM network is acknowledged for infrastructural support. The authors have no conflict of interests to report. NR 46 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 9 U2 79 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1560-2745 EI 1878-9129 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 67 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s13225-014-0291-8 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA AP9UY UT WOS:000342427300002 ER PT J AU Hyde, KD Nilsson, RH Alias, SA Ariyawansa, HA Blair, JE Cai, L de Cock, AWAM Dissanayake, AJ Glockling, SL Goonasekara, ID Gorczak, M Hahn, M Jayawardena, RS van Kan, JAL Laurence, MH Levesque, CA Li, XH Liu, JK Maharachchikumbura, SSN Manamgoda, DS Martin, FN McKenzie, EHC McTaggart, AR Mortimer, PE Nair, PVR Pawlowska, J Rintoul, TL Shivas, RG Spies, CFJ Summerell, BA Taylor, PWJ Terhem, RB Udayanga, D Vaghefi, N Walther, G Wilk, M Wrzosek, M Xu, JC Yan, JY Zhou, N AF Hyde, Kevin D. Nilsson, R. Henrik Alias, S. Aisyah Ariyawansa, Hiran A. Blair, Jaime E. Cai, Lei de Cock, Arthur W. A. M. Dissanayake, Asha J. Glockling, Sally L. Goonasekara, Ishani D. Gorczak, Michal Hahn, Matthias Jayawardena, Ruvishika S. van Kan, Jan A. L. Laurence, Matthew H. Levesque, C. Andre Li, Xinghong Liu, Jian-Kui Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N. Manamgoda, Dimuthu S. Martin, Frank N. McKenzie, Eric H. C. McTaggart, Alistair R. Mortimer, Peter E. Nair, Prakash V. R. Pawlowska, Julia Rintoul, Tara L. Shivas, Roger G. Spies, Christoffel F. J. Summerell, Brett A. Taylor, Paul W. J. Terhem, Razak B. Udayanga, Dhanushka Vaghefi, Niloofar Walther, Grit Wilk, Mateusz Wrzosek, Marta Xu, Jian-Chu Yan, JiYe Zhou, Nan TI One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I (2014) SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Basidiomycota; Endophytes; Mucormycotina; Molecular identification; Oomycota; Plant pathogens; Protozoa ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; PLANT-PATHOGENIC FUNGI; CITRUS BLACK SPOT; SPORED GRAMINICOLOUS COLLETOTRICHUM; SPORISORIUM-MACALPINOMYCES COMPLEX; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA POPULATIONS; CIRSIUM-ARVENSE BIOCONTROL AB Many fungi are pathogenic on plants and cause significant damage in agriculture and forestry. They are also part of the natural ecosystem and may play a role in regulating plant numbers/density. Morphological identification and analysis of plant pathogenic fungi, while important, is often hampered by the scarcity of discriminatory taxonomic characters and the endophytic or inconspicuous nature of these fungi. Molecular (DNA sequence) data for plant pathogenic fungi have emerged as key information for diagnostic and classification studies, although hampered in part by non-standard laboratory practices and analytical methods. To facilitate current and future research, this study provides phylogenetic synopses for 25 groups of plant pathogenic fungi in the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucormycotina (Fungi), and Oomycota, using recent molecular data, up-to-date names, and the latest taxonomic insights. Lineage-specific laboratory protocols together with advice on their application, as well as general observations, are also provided. We hope to maintain updated backbone trees of these fungal lineages over time and to publish them jointly as new data emerge. Researchers of plant pathogenic fungi not covered by the present study are invited to join this future effort. Bipolaris, Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeria, Botrytis, Choanephora, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Diaporthe, Diplodia, Dothiorella, Fusarium, Gilbertella, Lasiodiplodia, Mucor, Neofusicoccum, Pestalotiopsis, Phyllosticta, Phytophthora, Puccinia, Pyrenophora, Pythium, Rhizopus, Stagonosporopsis, Ustilago and Verticillium are dealt with in this paper. C1 [Hyde, Kevin D.; Mortimer, Peter E.; Xu, Jian-Chu] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Plant Divers & Biogeog East Asia, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China. [Hyde, Kevin D.; Mortimer, Peter E.; Xu, Jian-Chu] World Agroforestry Ctr, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China. [Hyde, Kevin D.; Ariyawansa, Hiran A.; Dissanayake, Asha J.; Goonasekara, Ishani D.; Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.; Liu, Jian-Kui; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Manamgoda, Dimuthu S.; Udayanga, Dhanushka] Mae Fah Luang Univ, Inst Excellence Fungal Res, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. [Hyde, Kevin D.; Ariyawansa, Hiran A.; Dissanayake, Asha J.; Goonasekara, Ishani D.; Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.; Liu, Jian-Kui; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Manamgoda, Dimuthu S.; Udayanga, Dhanushka] Mae Fah Luang Univ, Sch Sci, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. [Hyde, Kevin D.] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia. [Nilsson, R. Henrik] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Hyde, Kevin D.; Alias, S. Aisyah; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.] Univ Malaya, Inst Postgrad Studies Bldg, Inst Ocean & Earth Sci IOES, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Blair, Jaime E.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. [Cai, Lei; Zhou, Nan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, State Key Lab Mycol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [de Cock, Arthur W. A. M.] CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. [Dissanayake, Asha J.; Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.; Li, Xinghong; Yan, JiYe] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. [Gorczak, Michal; Pawlowska, Julia; Wrzosek, Marta] Univ Warsaw, Fac Biol, Dept Plant Systemat & Geog, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Hahn, Matthias] TU Kaiserslautern, Dept Biol, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [van Kan, Jan A. L.; Terhem, Razak B.] Wageningen Univ, Lab Phytopathol, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Levesque, C. Andre; Rintoul, Tara L.; Spies, Christoffel F. J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cent Expt Farm, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Laurence, Matthew H.; Summerell, Brett A.] Royal Bot Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. [Martin, Frank N.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. [McKenzie, Eric H. C.] Landcare Res, Auckland 92170, New Zealand. [Nair, Prakash V. R.; Taylor, Paul W. J.; Vaghefi, Niloofar] Univ Melbourne, Fac Vet & Agr Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [McTaggart, Alistair R.; Shivas, Roger G.] Dept Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia. [Terhem, Razak B.] Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Management, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. [Walther, Grit] Jena Microbial Resource Collect, Hans Knoll Inst, Leibniz Inst Nat Prod Res & Infect Biol, Jena, Germany. [Walther, Grit] Univ Jena, Dept Microbiol & Mol Biol, Inst Microbiol, Jena, Germany. [Wilk, Mateusz] Univ Warsaw, Interfac Interdisciplinary Doctoral Studies Nat S, Warsaw, Poland. RP Hyde, KD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Plant Divers & Biogeog East Asia, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China. EM kdhyde3@gmail.com RI Taylor, Paul/K-4602-2015; McTaggart, Alistair/A-8871-2014; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa/C-9403-2013; Ariyawansa, Hiran/C-2618-2015; Pawlowska, Julia/F-7881-2015; HJ ALIAS, SITI AISYAH/B-9785-2010; OI Taylor, Paul/0000-0003-3076-2084; McTaggart, Alistair/0000-0002-3681-7632; Ariyawansa, Hiran/0000-0001-8836-2572; Pawlowska, Julia/0000-0003-4914-5182; Udayanga, Dhanushka/0000-0002-3088-7752; van Kan, Jan/0000-0003-3563-1550; McTaggart, Alistair/0000-0002-0996-1313; Nilsson, Henrik/0000-0002-8052-0107 FU CGIAR; Chinese Academy of Sciences [2013T2S0030]; National Research Council of Thailand [55201020008]; Mae Fah Luang University [55101020004]; University of Malaya [RU006H-2014]; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) [NN303_548839]; FORMAS [215-2011-498] FX We would like to thank the CGIAR Research Program 1.2-Humidtropics: Integrated systems for the humid tropics, for partially funding this work. Kevin D. Hyde thanks the Chinese Academy of Sciences, project number 2013T2S0030, for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany. Thank to Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center in Germplasm Bank of Wild Species. Sajeewa Maharachchikumbura thanks the National Research Council of Thailand (grant for Pestalotiopsis No: 55201020008) and Mae Fah Luang University (grant for Pestalotiopsis No: 55101020004) for financial support. S.A. Alias thanks the University of Malaya for grant number RU006H-2014 entitled "diversity and importance of fungal mangrove disease". Financial support to Julia Pawlowska and Marta Wrzosek was partially provided by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW), grant no. NN303_548839. Henrik Nilsson acknowledges financial support from FORMAS (215-2011-498). NR 668 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 10 U2 103 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1560-2745 EI 1878-9129 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 67 IS 1 BP 21 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s13225-014-0298-1 PG 105 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA AP9UY UT WOS:000342427300003 ER PT J AU Udayanga, D Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Chukeatirote, E Hyde, KD AF Udayanga, Dhanushka Castlebury, Lisa A. Rossman, Amy Y. Chukeatirote, Ekachai Hyde, Kevin D. TI Insights into the genus Diaporthe: phylogenetic species delimitation in the D. eres species complex SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Diaporthaceae; DNA-lyase; Epitypification; Gene discordance; Generic type; Molecular phylogeny; New primers; Phylogenetic informativeness; Speciation ID PLANT-PATHOGENIC FUNGI; GENEALOGICAL CONCORDANCE; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; MULTILOCUS PHYLOGENY; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; CRYPTIC SPECIATION; ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI; MODEL EUKARYOTE; SEQUENCE DATA AB The genus Diaporthe comprises pathogenic, endophytic and saprobic species with both temperate and tropical distributions. Cryptic diversification, phenotypic plasticity and extensive host associations have long complicated accurate identifications of species in this genus. The delimitation of the generic type species Diaporthe eres has been uncertain due to the lack of ex-type cultures. Species limits of D. eres and closely related species were evaluated using molecular phylogenetic analysis of eight genes including nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial sequences of actin (ACT), DNA-lyase (Apn2), translation elongation factor 1- alpha (EF1-alpha), beta-tubulin (TUB), calmodulin (CAL), 60s ribosomal protein L37 (FG1093) and histone-3 (HIS). The occurrence of sequence heterogeneity of ITS within D. eres is observed, which complicates the analysis and may lead to overestimation of the species diversity. The strict criteria of Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) were applied to resolve species boundaries based on individual and combined analyses of other seven genes except the ITS. We accept nine distinct phylogenetic species including Diaporthe alleghaniensis, D. alnea, D. bicincta, D. celastrina, D. eres, D. helicis, D. neilliae, D. pulla and D. vaccinii. Epitypes are designated for D. alnea, D. bicincta, D. celastrina, D. eres, D. helicis and D. pulla. Modern descriptions and illustrations are provided for these species. Newly designed primers are introduced to amplify and sequence the Apn2 (DNA- lyase) gene in Diaporthe. Based on phylogenetic informativeness profiles, EF1-alpha, Apn2 and HIS genes are recognised as the best markers for defining species in the D. eres complex. C1 [Udayanga, Dhanushka; Hyde, Kevin D.] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Plant Divers & Biogeog East Asia, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China. [Udayanga, Dhanushka; Hyde, Kevin D.] World Agroforestry Ctr, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China. [Udayanga, Dhanushka; Chukeatirote, Ekachai; Hyde, Kevin D.] Mae Fah Luang Univ, Inst Excellence Fungal Res, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. [Udayanga, Dhanushka; Chukeatirote, Ekachai; Hyde, Kevin D.] Mae Fah Luang Univ, Sch Sci, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. [Udayanga, Dhanushka; Castlebury, Lisa A.; Rossman, Amy Y.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hyde, KD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Plant Divers & Biogeog East Asia, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China. EM kdhyde3@gmail.com OI Udayanga, Dhanushka/0000-0002-3088-7752 FU U.S. Forest Service International Programs by SMML; Chinese Academy of Sciences [2013T2S0030] FX This work was completed at the Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory (SMML), Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture in Beltsville, MD, USA, under the direction of co-authors Castlebury and Rossman. Dhanushka Udayanga is grateful for the visiting studentship sponsored through the U.S. Forest Service International Programs by SMML. Field collections were generously shared with us by the following people without whom this study would not have been possible. We thank David Farr (USA), Alain Gardiennet (France) Sung Kee Hong (Korea), Feng Huang (China), Walter Jaklitsch (Austria), Wadia Kandula (New Zealand), Luis Mejia (Panama), Larignon Phillipe (France) and Rene Schumacher (Germany). In addition we appreciate the loan of specimens by the herbarium curators and managers of B, BPI and FH. KD Hyde thanks The Chinese Academy of Sciences, project number 2013T2S0030, for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany. Technical support for this project was provided by Tunesha Phipps whose assistance is greatly appreciated. NR 117 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1560-2745 EI 1878-9129 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 67 IS 1 BP 203 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s13225-014-0297-2 PG 27 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA AP9UY UT WOS:000342427300008 ER PT J AU Lee, MW Tan, CC Rogers, EE Stenger, DC AF Lee, Min Woo Tan, Cheryl C. Rogers, Elizabeth E. Stenger, Drake C. TI Toxin-antitoxin systems mqsR/ygiT and dinJ/relE of Xylella fastidiosa SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xylella fastidiosa; Toxin; Antitoxin; Ribonuclease; Biofilm ID LEAF SCORCH DISEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PIERCES-DISEASE; AXENIC CULTURE; PATHOGENIC BACTERIUM; STABLE MAINTENANCE; GENOME SEQUENCES; PERSISTER CELLS; MESSENGER-RNAS; UNITED-STATES AB Xylella fastidiosa encodes multiple toxin-antitoxin systems, including dinJ/relE and mqsR/ygiT. Phylogenetic analyses indicate these two toxin-antitoxin systems have distinct evolutionary histories. Comparisons among X. fastidiosa subspecies/strains reveal toxin-antitoxin systems are often embedded in prophage sequences, suggesting acquisition via horizontal transfer. Tagged proteins of both toxin-antitoxin systems were over-expressed, purified, and evaluated for activity. Toxins MqsR and RelE are ribonucleases. MqsR cleaved at G(triangle)CU and G(triangle)CC; RelE lacked specificity in vitro. YgiT and DinJ antitoxins inhibit activity of the cognate toxin by direct binding. Single (toxin or antitoxin) and double (toxin and antitoxin) knock-out mutants were constructed in X. fastidiosa strain Temecula. Both antitoxin mutants displayed reduced planktonic cell density relative to wild type. The dinJ(-) mutant produced less biofilm, whereas the ygiT(-) mutant produced more biofilm, relative to wild type. Planktonic cell density of both toxin mutants was unaffected, with biofilm reduced slightly. Planktonic cell density and biofilm formation of double mutants were similar to wild type. However, viable cell counts for planktonic cells and biofilm of double mutants were more than one order of magnitude greater than wild type. Collectively, the results indicate that dinJ/relE and mqsR/ygiT are functional toxin-antitoxin systems and likely play different roles in regulation of X. fastidiosa population levels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Min Woo; Tan, Cheryl C.; Rogers, Elizabeth E.; Stenger, Drake C.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM drake.stenger@ars.usda.gov RI Rogers, Elizabeth/D-2087-2009 OI Rogers, Elizabeth/0000-0002-0545-4744 FU USDA-ARS [5302-22000-010-00D] FX We thank Mark S. Sisterson for assistance with statistical analyses and Kunbo Zhang for technical assistance. Funding for this research was provided by USDA-ARS appropriated project 5302-22000-010-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of the source. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 87 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2014.07.001 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AP4VO UT WOS:000342077400009 ER PT J AU Ping, JQ Liu, YF Sun, LJ Zhao, MX Li, YH She, MY Sui, Y Lin, F Liu, XD Tang, ZX Nguyen, H Tian, ZX Qiu, LJ Nelson, RL Clemente, TE Specht, JE Ma, JX AF Ping, Jieqing Liu, Yunfeng Sun, Lianjun Zhao, Meixia Li, Yinghui She, Maoyun Sui, Yi Lin, Feng Liu, Xiaodong Tang, Zongxiang Hanh Nguyen Tian, Zhixi Qiu, Lijuan Nelson, Randall L. Clemente, Thomas E. Specht, James E. Ma, Jianxin TI Dt2 Is a Gain-of-Function MADS-Domain Factor Gene That Specifies Semideterminacy in Soybean SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID STEM GROWTH HABIT; INFLORESCENCE ARCHITECTURE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; FLOWERING TIME; ARABIDOPSIS; DETERMINATE; GENOME; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; APETALA1 AB Similar to Arabidopsis thaliana, the wild soybeans (Glycine soja) and many cultivars exhibit indeterminate stem growth specified by the shoot identity gene Dt1, the functional counterpart of Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1). Mutations in TFL1 and Dt1 both result in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) switching from vegetative to reproductive state to initiate terminal flowering and thus produce determinate stems. A second soybean gene (Dt2) regulating stem growth was identified, which, in the presence of Dt1, produces semideterminate plants with terminal racemes similar to those observed in determinate plants. Here, we report positional cloning and characterization of Dt2, a dominant MADS domain factor gene classified into the APETALA1/SQUAMOSA (AP1/SQUA) subfamily that includes floral meristem (FM) identity genes AP1, FUL, and CAL in Arabidopsis. Unlike AP1, whose expression is limited to FMs in which the expression of TFL1 is repressed, Dt2 appears to repress the expression of Dt1 in the SAMs to promote early conversion of the SAMs into reproductive inflorescences. Given that Dt2 is not the gene most closely related to AP1 and that semideterminacy is rarely seen in wild soybeans, Dt2 appears to be a recent gain-of-function mutation, which has modified the genetic pathways determining the stem growth habit in soybean. C1 [Ping, Jieqing; Liu, Yunfeng; Sun, Lianjun; Zhao, Meixia; She, Maoyun; Sui, Yi; Lin, Feng; Liu, Xiaodong; Tang, Zongxiang; Tian, Zhixi; Ma, Jianxin] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Li, Yinghui; Qiu, Lijuan] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Hanh Nguyen; Clemente, Thomas E.; Specht, James E.] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Plant Sci Innovat, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ma, JX (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM maj@purdue.edu RI ZHAO, MEIXIA/N-3124-2015; Lin, Feng/K-1814-2016 OI ZHAO, MEIXIA/0000-0001-8812-8217; Lin, Feng/0000-0001-7491-4444 FU United Soybean Board [0217, 1420-532-5617]; Purdue Agricultural Research Program; Purdue Research Foundation; USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Ag Alumni Seed; AgReliant Genetics; Beck's Hybrids; ConAgraFoods; Dow AgroSciences; Indiana Crop Improvement Association; Pioneer Hi-Bred International FX This work was mainly supported by soybean checkoff funds from the United Soybean Board (project numbers 0217 and 1420-532-5617) and partially supported by Purdue Agricultural Research Program, Purdue Research Foundation, and "Partnership for Research & Education in Plant Breeding and Genetics" program funded by the USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture and corporate partners Ag Alumni Seed, AgReliant Genetics, Beck's Hybrids, ConAgraFoods, Dow AgroSciences, Indiana Crop Improvement Association, and Pioneer Hi-Bred International. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 EI 1532-298X J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JUL PY 2014 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2831 EP 2842 DI 10.1105/tpc.114.126938 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA AP4VE UT WOS:000342076200012 PM 25005919 ER PT J AU Guo, L Ma, FF Wei, F Fanella, B Allen, DK Wang, XM AF Guo, Liang Ma, Fangfang Wei, Fang Fanella, Brian Allen, Doug K. Wang, Xuemin TI Cytosolic Phosphorylating Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases Affect Arabidopsis Cellular Metabolism and Promote Seed Oil Accumulation SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID BRASSICA-NAPUS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLLEN DEVELOPMENT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ACID; BIOSYNTHESIS; GLYCOLYSIS; WRINKLED1; PATHWAY AB The cytosolic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC) catalyzes a key reaction in glycolysis, but its contribution to plant metabolism and growth are not well defined. Here, we show that two cytosolic GAPCs play important roles in cellular metabolism and seed oil accumulation. Knockout or overexpression of GAPCs caused significant changes in the level of intermediates in the glycolytic pathway and the ratios of ATP/ADP and NAD(P)H/NAD(P). Two double knockout seeds had similar to 3% of dry weight decrease in oil content compared with that of the wild type. Intransgenic seeds under the constitutive 35S promoter, oil content was increased up to 42% of dry weight compared with 36% in the wild type and the fatty acid composition was altered; however, these transgenic lines exhibited decreased fertility. Seed-specific overexpression lines had >3% increase in seed oil without compromised seed yield or fecundity. The results demonstrate that GAPC levels play important roles in the overall cellular production of reductants, energy, and carbohydrate metabolites and that GAPC levels are directly correlated with seed oil accumulation. Changes in cellular metabolites and cofactor levels highlight the complexity and tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana cells to the metabolic perturbation. Further implications for metabolic engineering of seed oil production are discussed. C1 [Guo, Liang; Wei, Fang; Fanella, Brian; Wang, Xuemin] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Guo, Liang; Ma, Fangfang; Wei, Fang; Fanella, Brian; Allen, Doug K.; Wang, Xuemin] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. [Allen, Doug K.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Wang, XM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM swang@danforthcenter.org RI Allen, Doug/M-2836-2013; Wang, Xuemin/M-2853-2013; OI Allen, Doug/0000-0001-8599-8946; wang, xuemin/0000-0002-6251-6745 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0001295, DE-AR0000202]; USDA [2007-35318-18393]; National Science Foundation [EF-1105249, IOS-0818740] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0001295 and DE-AR0000202), the USDA (2007-35318-18393), and the National Science Foundation (EF-1105249; IOS-0818740). Any product or trademark mentioned here does not imply a warranty, guarantee, or endorsement by the authors or their affiliations over other suitable products. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 EI 1532-298X J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JUL PY 2014 VL 26 IS 7 BP 3023 EP 3035 DI 10.1105/tpc.114.126946 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA AP4VE UT WOS:000342076200024 PM 24989043 ER PT J AU Zarnowski, R Westler, WM Lacmbouh, GA Marita, JM Bothe, JR Bernhardt, J Sahraoui, ALH Fontaine, J Sanchez, H Hatfield, RD Ntambi, JM Nett, JE Mitchell, AP Andes, JDR AF Zarnowski, Robert Westler, William M. Lacmbouh, Ghislain Ade Marita, Jane M. Bothe, Jameson R. Bernhardt, Joerg Sahraoui, Anissa Lounes-Hadj Fontaine, Joel Sanchez, Hiram Hatfield, Ronald D. Ntambi, James M. Nett, Jeniel E. Mitchell, Aaron P. Andes, J. David R. TI Novel Entries in a Fungal Biofilm Matrix Encyclopedia SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID CANDIDA-ALBICANS BIOFILMS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CELL-WALL; FLUCONAZOLE RESISTANCE; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; EXTRACELLULAR DNA; PROTEIN SECRETION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EFFLUX PUMPS; YEAST AB Virulence of Candida is linked with its ability to form biofilms. Once established, biofilm infections are nearly impossible to eradicate. Biofilm cells live immersed in a self-produced matrix, a blend of extracellular biopolymers, many of which are uncharacterized. In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the matrix manufactured by Candida albicans both in vitro and in a clinical niche animal model. We further explore the function of matrix components, including the impact on drug resistance. We uncovered components from each of the macromolecular classes (55% protein, 25% carbohydrate, 15% lipid, and 5% nucleic acid) in the C. albicans biofilm matrix. Three individual polysaccharides were identified and were suggested to interact physically. Surprisingly, a previously identified polysaccharide of functional importance, beta-1,3-glucan, comprised only a small portion of the total matrix carbohydrate. Newly described, more abundant polysaccharides included alpha-1,2 branched alpha-1,6-mannans (87%) associated with unbranched beta-1,6-glucans (13%) in an apparent mannan-glucan complex (MGCx). Functional matrix proteomic analysis revealed 458 distinct activities. The matrix lipids consisted of neutral glycerolipids (89.1%), polar glycerolipids (10.4%), and sphingolipids (0.5%). Examination of matrix nucleic acid identified DNA, primarily noncoding sequences. Several of the in vitro matrix components, including proteins and each of the polysaccharides, were also present in the matrix of a clinically relevant in vivo biofilm. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis demonstrated interaction of aggregate matrix with the antifungal fluconazole, consistent with a role in drug impedance and contribution of multiple matrix components. IMPORTANCE This report is the first to decipher the complex and unique macromolecular composition of the Candida biofilm matrix, demonstrate the clinical relevance of matrix components, and show that multiple matrix components are needed for protection from antifungal drugs. The availability of these biochemical analyses provides a unique resource for further functional investigation of the biofilm matrix, a defining trait of this lifestyle. C1 [Zarnowski, Robert; Sanchez, Hiram; Nett, Jeniel E.; Andes, J. David R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Infect Dis, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Westler, William M.] Univ Wisconsin, Natl Magnet Resonance Facil, Madison, WI USA. [Lacmbouh, Ghislain Ade; Bothe, Jameson R.; Ntambi, James M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Marita, Jane M.; Hatfield, Ronald D.] USDA, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Bernhardt, Joerg] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Univ Inst Microbiol, Greifswald, Germany. [Bernhardt, Joerg] BioTechnikum, DECODON GmbH, Greifswald, Germany. [Sahraoui, Anissa Lounes-Hadj; Fontaine, Joel] Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, Unite Chim Environm Interact Vivant, Calais, France. [Ntambi, James M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Andes, J. David R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mitchell, Aaron P.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Andes, JDR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Infect Dis, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dra@medicine.wisc.edu RI Zarnowski, Robert/A-2786-2009; OI Zarnowski, Robert/0000-0001-6343-1500; Mitchell, Aaron/0000-0002-0868-4000 FU NIH [R01 AI073289, P41RR02301, P41GM10399, RR02781, RR08438, S10RR027000]; NIH/NCRR Resource for Integrated Glycotechnology at the University of Georgia [P41RR005351]; University of Wisconsin; NSF [DMB-8415048, OIA-9977486, BIR-9214394]; DOE; USDA FX The studies were funded by NIH R01 AI073289. We thank Christian Heiss and Parastoo Azadi for their invaluable help with NMR data interpretation that in part was funded by the NIH/NCRR Resource for Integrated Glycotechnology at the University of Georgia (P41RR005351). This study made use of the National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, which is supported by NIH grants P41RR02301 (BRTP/NCRR) and P41GM10399 (NIGMS). Additional equipment was purchased with funds from the University of Wisconsin, the NIH (RR02781, RR08438), the NSF (DMB-8415048, OIA-9977486, BIR-9214394), the DOE, and the USDA. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) equipment was purchased with funds from NIH grant S10RR027000 (NCRR). NR 88 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 5 IS 4 AR e01333-14 DI 10.1128/mBio.01333-14 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AO8FE UT WOS:000341588100070 PM 25096878 ER PT J AU Costa, M Shigaki, F Alves, B Kleinman, P Pereira, M AF Costa, Mayanna Shigaki, Francirose Alves, Bruno Kleinman, Peter Pereira, Marcos TI Swine manure application methods effects on ammonia volatilization, forage quality, and yield in the Pre-Amazon Region of Brazil SO CHILEAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Brachiaria brizantha; manure management; nitrogen loss; semi-opened chamber ID FIELD APPLIED MANURE; PIG SLURRY; CATTLE SLURRY; SURFACE APPLICATION; DAIRY MANURE; ARABLE LAND; SOIL; NITROGEN; UREA; INJECTION AB The use of swine manure (SM) as a nutrient source for pastures is increasingly common in Brazil, due to its low cost. However, this practice can cause N losses in agricultural soil, where ammonia (NH3) volatilization may be the main drawback, generating undesirable economic and environmental consequences. The objective of this study was to evaluate SM application methods that retain N within the system and determine how these methods affect forage yield and quality. The study was conducted in the municipality of Chapadinha, Maranhao, Brazil, and the following SM application methods were evaluated: (1) surface application, (2) incorporation at 5-cm soil depth, (3) incorporation at 10-cm soil depth; and (4) control when SM was not applied. Lower N losses due to NH3 volatilization and higher pasture yield and quality were found when SM was incorporated at 10-cm soil depth (83 kg N-NH3 ha(-1) and 6.3 Mg DM ha(-1), respectively, compared to 86 kg N-NH3 ha(-1) and 1.5 Mg DM ha(-1) for the control), whereas higher N-NH3 losses and lower pasture yield were observed when SM was applied to the soil surface (143 kg N-NH3 ha(-1) and 2.6 Mg ha(-1), respectively). Higher quality forage in terms of chemical composition was also observed when SM was incorporated at greater soil depth. Incorporating SM at 10-cm depth represents an efficient management to mitigate N-NH3 volatilization, and this application method is associated with significantly increased in DM yield and improved chemical composition. C1 [Costa, Mayanna; Shigaki, Francirose] Univ Fed Maranhao, Ctr Ciencias Agr & Ambientais, BR-65500000 Chapadinha, Maranhao, Brazil. [Costa, Mayanna; Shigaki, Francirose] Embrapa Agrobiol, BR-23890000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Alves, Bruno] USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kleinman, Peter] Univ Fed Rural Rio de Janeiro, BR-23890000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Shigaki, F (reprint author), Univ Fed Maranhao, Ctr Ciencias Agr & Ambientais, BR-65500000 Chapadinha, Maranhao, Brazil. EM francirose@yahoo.com.br NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU INST INVESTIGACIONES AGROPECUARIAS PI CHILLAN PA CENTRO REGIONAL DE INVESTIGACION QUILAMAPU, CASILLA 426, CHILLAN, 00000, CHILE SN 0718-5839 J9 CHIL J AGR RES JI Chil. J. Agric. Res. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 74 IS 3 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.4067/S0718-58392014000300009 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AO4XY UT WOS:000341345900009 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Urban, LE Das, SK AF Roberts, Susan B. Urban, Lorien E. Das, Sai Krupa TI Effects of dietary factors on energy regulation: Consideration of multiple-versus single-dietary-factor models SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Review DE Dietary protein; Glycemic index; Fiber; Energy density; Energy metabolism; Obesity; Energy intake ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; WEIGHT-LOSS MAINTENANCE; HIGH-PROTEIN DIETS; GLYCEMIC INDEX; RISK-FACTORS; BODY-WEIGHT; OBESITY; FIBER; INTERVENTION; HUNGER AB While short-term studies demonstrate consistent effects of dietary protein, fiber, glycemic index and energy density on energy intake, long-term effectiveness trials typically indicate small or non-significant effects of these dietary factors on long-term weight change. Inconsequence, most lifestyle interventions for weight control typically focus on a single dietary factor, such as low energy density, to achieve reductions in energy intake. This paper proposes a multiple-dietary-factor model for the effects of dietary factors on energy intake and the regulation of energy balance that assumes additive effects of different dietary factors. The model is consistent with emerging evidence from recent studies examining pairs of dietary factors. Randomized clinical trials are now needed to determine whether multiple-dietary-factor prescriptions combined with standard behavior modification techniques lead to improved sustainability of weight loss in lifestyle interventions compared to conventional single-dietary-factor prescriptions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Roberts, Susan B.; Urban, Lorien E.; Das, Sai Krupa] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-0-0014, 1950-51000-072-02S]; Tufts University FX We thank Molly Schleicher for the expert assistance during the preparation of this manuscript. This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture under agreements 58-1950-0-0014 and 1950-51000-072-02S with Tufts University. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 134 SI SI BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.024 PG 5 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA AO6QF UT WOS:000341475900003 PM 24747274 ER PT J AU Carlson, A Frazao, E AF Carlson, Andrea Frazao, Elizabeth TI Food costs, diet quality and energy balance in the United States SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Food prices; Food cost; Cost of healthy foods; Healthy diets; Food spending; Food deserts; NHANES; Consumer Expenditure Survey; ERS Food Expenditure Series ID LOW-INCOME WOMEN; BODY-MASS INDEX; AFFECTS SATIETY; DENSE DIETS; OBESITY; CHILDHOOD; NUTRITION; AMERICANS; CHILDREN; FAT AB The high obesity rates and poor diet quality in the United States, particularly among low income populations, are often attributed to low income, low food access, and high food prices of healthy foods. This paper discusses these associations and questions some of the metrics used to measure food prices. The paper argues that 1. On average, Americans consume diets that need improvement and there is only a very limited relationship between income and diet quality; 2. The way the food price is measured makes a difference in the perception of how expensive healthy and less healthy food is; 3. The way Americans allocate their food budgets between healthy and less healthy foods is not in line with healthy diets; and 4. At any food spending level there are households that purchase healthy (and unhealthy) diets, including budgets at or below the maximum allotment for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) which provides a means for low-income households to purchase food. Our key finding is that healthy foods and diets are affordable, but policy makers, nutrition educators, researchers and the media need to focus on promoting this message, and providing additional guidance on making the changes for Americans to switch to a healthy and affordable diet. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Carlson, Andrea; Frazao, Elizabeth] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Carlson, A (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Mail Stop 1800, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM acarlson@ers.usda.gov NR 79 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 134 SI SI BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.001 PG 12 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA AO6QF UT WOS:000341475900004 PM 24631301 ER PT J AU Nakano, H Ali, A Rehman, JU Mamonov, LK Cantrell, CL Khan, IA AF Nakano, Hiroshi Ali, Abbas Rehman, Junaid Ur Mamonov, Leonid K. Cantrell, Charles L. Khan, Ikhlas A. TI Toxicity of Thiophenes from Echinops transiliensis (Asteraceae) against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae SO CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article ID MOSQUITO; POLYACETYLENES AB Structure-activity relationships of nine thiophenes, 2,2': 5', 2''-terthiophene (1), 2-chloro-4-[ 5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl) thiophen-2-yl] but-3-yn-1-yl acetate (2), 4-(2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl) but-3-yne-1,2-diyl diacetate (3), 4-[ 5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl) thiophen-2-yl] but-3-yne-1,2-diyl diacetate (4), 4-(2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)-2-hydroxybut-3-yn-1-yl acetate (5), 2-hydroxy-4-[ 5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl) thiophen-2-yl] but-3-yn-1-yl acetate (6), 1-hydroxy-4-[ 5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl) thiophen-2-yl] but-3-yn-2-yl acetate (7), 4-(2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl) but-3-yne-1,2-diol (8), and 4-[ 5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl) thiophen-2-yl] but-3-yne-1,2-diol (9), isolated from the roots of Echinops transiliensis, were studied as larvicides against Aedes aegypti. Structural differences among compounds 3, 5, and 8 consisted in differing AcO and OH groups attached to C(3'') and C(4''), and resulted in variations in efficacy. Terthiophene 1 showed the highest activity (LC50, 0.16 mg/ml) among compounds 1-9, followed by bithiophene compounds 3 (LC50, 4.22 mu g/ml), 5 (LC50, 7.45 mu g/ml), and 8 (LC50, 9.89 mu g/ml), and monothiophene compounds 9 (LC50, 12.45 mu g/ml), 2 (LC50, 14.71 mu g/ml), 4 (LC50, 17.95 mu g/ml), 6 (LC50, 18.55 mu g/ml), and 7 (LC50, 19.97 mu g/ml). These data indicated that A. aegypti larvicidal activities of thiophenes increase with increasing number of thiophene rings, and the most important active site in the structure of thiophenes could be the tetrahydro-thiophene moiety. In bithiophenes, 3, 5, and 8, A. aegypti larvicidal activity increased with increasing number of AcO groups attached to C(3'') or C(4''), indicating that AcO groups may play an important role in the larvicidal activity. C1 [Nakano, Hiroshi] NARO Inst Crop Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan. [Nakano, Hiroshi] NARO Agr Res Ctr Kyushu Okinawa Reg, Chikugo 8330041, Japan. [Nakano, Hiroshi; Cantrell, Charles L.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Ali, Abbas; Rehman, Junaid Ur; Khan, Ikhlas A.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Mamonov, Leonid K.] Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Alma Ata 05040, Kazakhstan. RP Nakano, H (reprint author), NARO Inst Crop Sci, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan. EM nakanohr@affrc.go.jp FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program Grant - U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board; USDA/ARS [56-6402-1-612] FX We thank Amber Reichley and Solomon Green III for technical assistance. This study was supported in part by a Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program Grant funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, and in part by USDA/ARS grant No. 56-6402-1-612. We thank Dr. James J. Becnel, Mosquito and Fly Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, for supplying A. aegypti eggs. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1612-1872 EI 1612-1880 J9 CHEM BIODIVERS JI Chem. Biodivers. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1001 EP 1009 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AN5YY UT WOS:000340670200002 PM 25044586 ER PT J AU Bowker, BC Eastridge, JS Solomon, MB AF Bowker, Brian C. Eastridge, Janet S. Solomon, Morse B. TI Measurement of Muscle Exudate Protein Composition as an Indicator of Beef Tenderness SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aging; beef; exudate; sarcoplasmic protein; tenderness ID WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POST-MORTEM MUSCLE; SARCOPLASMIC PROTEINS; LONGISSIMUS-DORSI; SHEAR FORCE; CENTRIFUGAL DRIP; PORCINE MUSCLE; STRIP LOINS; PORK MEAT AB The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the protein composition of muscle exudates and meat tenderness in beef. Frozen, intact beef strip loins (n = 24) were each divided into 3 equal portions (anterior, middle, and posterior). Steaks were removed from each portion, individually vacuum packaged, thawed at 4 degrees C, and aged for 0, 7, or 14 d. After the designated aging period, exudate was collected from the packaging and 1 steak from each strip loin portion was utilized for shear force measurements. Muscle exudates were analyzed for protein content (biuret assay) and composition (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Shear force decreased (P < 0.0001) with aging from 0 to 14 d. The protein concentrations of the muscle exudates were not influenced by the aging period and were not related to the amount of exudate expressed. Electrophoretic analyses of the muscle exudates indicated that with aging the relative abundance of 4 proteins decreased (P < 0.01) and 10 proteins increased (P < 0.05) within the protein profiles of the exudates. The relative abundance of the 167, 97, and 47 kDa proteins in exudates at day 0 were significantly correlated (|r| = 0.57 to 0.77) to shear force at day 14. These data demonstrate that exudate protein composition changes with postmortem aging and beef tenderness. C1 [Bowker, Brian C.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Eastridge, Janet S.; Solomon, Morse B.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bowker, BC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM brian.bowker@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 79 IS 7 BP C1292 EP C1297 DI 10.1111/1750-3841.12496 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AN5XO UT WOS:000340665800009 PM 24961890 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B Reifschneider, L Grewell, D Srinivasan, G AF Tisserat, Brent Reifschneider, Louis Grewell, David Srinivasan, Gowrishanker TI Effect of particle size, coupling agent and DDGS additions on Paulownia wood polypropylene composites SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Wood; particle reinforcement; thermal analysis; mechanical testing ID HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; FIBER-REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FLEXURAL PROPERTIES; DISTILLERS GRAINS; IMPACT PROPERTIES; NATURAL-FIBER; WATER-UPTAKE; BEHAVIOR AB Studies aimed at improving the tensile, flexural, impact, thermal, and physical characteristics of wood-plastic composites composed of Paulownia wood flour derived from 36-month-old trees blended with polypropylene were conducted. Composites of 25% and 40% w/w of Paulownia wood were produced by twin-screw compounding and injection molding. Composites containing 0-10% by weight of maleated polypropylene were evaluated and an optimum maleated polypropylene concentration determined, i.e., 5%. The particle size distribution of Paulownia wood filler is shown to have an effect on the tensile and flexural properties of the composites. Novel combination composites of dried distiller's grain with solubles mixed with Paulownia wood (up to 40% w/w) were produced and their properties evaluated. Depending on the composite tested, soaking composites for 872 h alters mechanical properties and causes weight gain. C1 [Tisserat, Brent] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Reifschneider, Louis] Illinois State Univ, Coll Appl Sci & Technol, Dept Technol, Normal, IL 61761 USA. [Grewell, David; Srinivasan, Gowrishanker] Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Polymer Composites Res Grp, Ames, IA USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Brent.Tisserat@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0731-6844 EI 1530-7964 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 33 IS 14 BP 1279 EP 1293 DI 10.1177/0731684414521886 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA AN9OS UT WOS:000340937000001 ER PT J AU Linthicum, KJ Anyamba, A Killenbeck, B Lee, WJ Lee, HCS Klein, TA Kim, HC Pavlin, JA Britch, SC Small, J Tucker, CJ Gaydos, JC AF Linthicum, Kenneth J. Anyamba, Assaf Killenbeck, Bradley Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Hee Choon S. Klein, Terry A. Kim, Heung-Chul Pavlin, Julie A. Britch, Seth C. Small, Jennifer Tucker, Compton J. Gaydos, Joel C. TI Association of Temperature and Historical Dynamics of Malaria in the Republic of Korea, Including Reemergence in 1993 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EAST-AFRICAN HIGHLANDS; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA; ANOPHELES HYRCANUS GROUP; MOSQUITO SPECIES COMPOSITION; SOUTH-KOREA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEMILITARIZED ZONE; VECTORIAL CAPACITY; INFECTION-RATES; LARVAL HABITATS AB Plasmodium vivax malaria reemerged in the Republic of Korea in 1993 after it had been declared malaria free in 1979. Malaria rapidly increased and peaked in 2000 with 4,142 cases with lower but variable numbers of cases reported through 2011. We examined the association of regional climate trends over the Korean Peninsula relative to malaria cases in U.S. military and Republic of Korea soldiers, veterans, and civilians from 1950 to 2011. Temperatures and anomaly trends in air temperature associated with satellite remotely sensed outgoing long-wave radiation were used to observe temporal changes. These changes, particularly increasing air temperatures, in combination with moderate rains throughout the malaria season, and distribution of malaria vectors, likely supported the 1993 reemergence and peaks in malaria incidence that occurred through 2011 by accelerating the rate of parasite development in mosquitoes and increased numbers as a result of an expansion of larval habitat, thereby increasing the vectorial capacity of Anopheles vectors. High malaria rates associated with a favorable climate were similarly observed during the Korean War. These findings support the need for increased investigations into malaria predictive models using climate-related variables. C1 [Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Britch, Seth C.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Anyamba, Assaf; Small, Jennifer; Tucker, Compton J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Killenbeck, Bradley] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Lee, Won-Ja] Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Hlth, Div Malaria & Parasit Dis, Osong 363951, Chungcheongbuk, South Korea. [Lee, Hee Choon S.; Klein, Terry A.] Camp Zama, Publ Hlth Command Reg Pacific, Sagamihara 962055281, Kanagawa, Japan. [Kim, Heung-Chul] 5th Med Detachment, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Pavlin, Julie A.; Gaydos, Joel C.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. RP Linthicum, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; USDA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. DoD; Department of Defense (DoD) Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center's Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, MD; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL FX This study was the result of collaboration and support between the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the USDA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U.S. DoD. This work was supported in part by funding from the Department of Defense (DoD) Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center's Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, MD, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 179 IS 7 BP 806 EP 814 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00545 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UN UT WOS:000340806600028 PM 25003869 ER PT J AU Chiu, CJ Mitchell, P Klein, R Klein, BE Chang, ML Gensler, G Taylor, A AF Chiu, Chung-Jung Mitchell, Paul Klein, Ronald Klein, Barbara E. Chang, Min-Lee Gensler, Gary Taylor, Allen TI A Risk Score for the Prediction of Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLUE MOUNTAINS EYE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; LIKELIHOOD RATIOS; TASK-FORCE; DISEASE; MODELS; PREVALENCE; MACULOPATHY; PROGRESSION AB Purpose: To develop a clinical eye-specific prediction model for advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) cohort followed up for 8 years served as the training dataset, and the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) cohort followed up for 10 years served as the validation dataset. Participants: A total of 4507 AREDS participants (contributing 1185 affected vs. 6992 unaffected eyes) and 2169 BMES participants (contributing 69 affected vs. 3694 unaffected eyes). Methods: Using Bayes' theorem in a logistic model, we used 8 baseline predictors-age, sex, education level, race, smoking status, and presence of pigment abnormality, soft drusen, and maximum drusen size-to devise and validate a macular risk scoring system (MRSS). We assessed the performance of the MRSS by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (i.e., c-index). Main Outcome Measures: Advanced AMD. Results: The internally validated c-index(AREDS) (0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.89) and the externally validated c-index(BMES) (0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-0.95) suggested excellent performance of the MRSS. The sensitivity and specificity at the optimal macular risk score cutoff point of 0 were 87.6% and 73.6%, respectively. An application for the iPhone and iPad also was developed as a practical tool for the MRSS. Conclusions: The MRSS was developed and validated to provide satisfactory accuracy and generalizability. It may be used to screen patients at risk of developing advanced AMD. (C) 2014 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 [Chiu, Chung-Jung; Chang, Min-Lee; Taylor, Allen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Chiu, Chung-Jung; Taylor, Allen] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mitchell, Paul] Univ Sydney, Westmead Hosp, Ctr Vis Res, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. [Klein, Ronald; Klein, Barbara E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Gensler, Gary] EMMES Corp, Age Related Eye Dis Study Coordinating Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. RP Chiu, CJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM cj.chiu@tufts.edu RI Mitchell, Paul/P-1498-2014 FU National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland [R01EY021826]; United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. [1950-5100-060-01A] FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (grant no.: R01EY021826 [C-J.C.]), and the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., (agreement nos.: 1950-5100-060-01A [C-J.C., A.T.]). The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 EI 1549-4713 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD JUL PY 2014 VL 121 IS 7 BP 1421 EP 1427 DI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.01.016 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA AO2II UT WOS:000341142800023 PM 24650555 ER PT J AU Ellison, JA Gilbert, AT Recuenco, S Moran, D Alvarez, DA Kuzmina, N Garcia, DL Peruski, LF Mendonca, MT Lindblade, KA Rupprecht, CE AF Ellison, James A. Gilbert, Amy T. Recuenco, Sergio Moran, David Alvarez, Danilo A. Kuzmina, Natalia Garcia, Daniel L. Peruski, Leonard F. Mendonca, Mary T. Lindblade, Kim A. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Bat Rabies in Guatemala SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BIG BROWN BATS; UNITED-STATES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; VAMPIRE BATS; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; MEXICO; DIAGNOSIS; DYNAMICS AB Rabies in bats is considered enzootic throughout the New World, but few comparative data are available for most countries in the region. As part of a larger pathogen detection program, enhanced bat rabies surveillance was conducted in Guatemala, between 2009 and 2011. A total of 672 bats of 31 species were sampled and tested for rabies. The prevalence of rabies virus (RABV) detection among all collected bats was low (0.3%). Viral antigens were detected and infectious virus was isolated from the brains of two common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus). RABV was also isolated from oral swabs, lungs and kidneys of both bats, whereas viral RNA was detected in all of the tissues examined by hemi-nested RT-PCR except for the liver of one bat. Sequencing of the nucleoprotein gene showed that both viruses were 100% identical, whereas sequencing of the glycoprotein gene revealed one non-synonymous substitution (302(T,S)). The two vampire bat RABV isolates in this study were phylogenetically related to viruses associated with vampire bats in the eastern states of Mexico and El Salvador. Additionally, 7% of sera collected from 398 bats demonstrated RABV neutralizing antibody. The proportion of seropositive bats varied significantly across trophic guilds, suggestive of complex intraspecific compartmentalization of RABV perpetuation. C1 [Ellison, James A.; Recuenco, Sergio; Kuzmina, Natalia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ellison, James A.; Mendonca, Mary T.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Gilbert, Amy T.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Moran, David; Alvarez, Danilo A.] Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Hlth Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Garcia, Daniel L.; Peruski, Leonard F.; Lindblade, Kim A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reg Off Cent Amer, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Garcia, Daniel L.; Peruski, Leonard F.; Lindblade, Kim A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Protect, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Basseterre, St Kitts, W Ind Assoc St. RP Ellison, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JEllison@cdc.gov OI Recuenco-Cabrera, Sergio/0000-0002-8446-7411 FU CDC Global Disease Detection Program, Technical Support Corps. FX This work was supported in part by the CDC Global Disease Detection Program, Technical Support Corps. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 AR e3070 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003070 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA AN4IQ UT WOS:000340551500079 PM 25080103 ER PT J AU Hall, KE Calderon, MJ Spokas, KA Cox, L Koskinen, WC Novak, J Cantrell, K AF Hall, K. E. Calderon, M. J. Spokas, K. A. Cox, L. Koskinen, W. C. Novak, J. Cantrell, K. TI Phenolic Acid Sorption to Biochars from Mixtures of Feedstock Materials SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Syringic acid; Ferulic acid; Sorption; Allelopathy; Feedstock; Soil organic matter ID SOIL AMENDMENT; PLANT-GROWTH; CHARCOAL; ADSORPTION; PYROLYSIS; QUALITY; BIOMASS; AGROECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATURES; ALLELOPATHY AB In an effort to customize biochars for soil amendments, multiple feedstocks have been combined in various ratios prior to pyrolysis at 350 degrees C. The resulting variation in the chemistry and structure can affect the adsorption capacity of biochar and thus influence the bioavailability of many chemical compounds in the soil system including phenolic acids. This study examines the sorption of C-14-labeled ferulic acid, syringic acid, and chlorocatechol to four biochars prepared from individual feedstocks and four biochars produced from mixed feedstocks using batch equilibration. Pure feedstock biochar sorption followed switchgrass100 g L-1 hydrolysate sugars was not considered as it would have been toxic to the culture in the integrated (simultaneous fermentation and recovery) process. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Institution of Chemical Engineers. C1 [Qureshi, N.; Cotta, M. A.; Saha, B. C.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioenergy Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Nasib.Qureshi@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 29 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA 165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND SN 0960-3085 EI 1744-3571 J9 FOOD BIOPROD PROCESS JI Food Bioprod. Process. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 92 IS C3 BP 298 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.fbp.2013.11.005 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA AN1JK UT WOS:000340338400008 ER PT J AU Shelton, TG AF Shelton, T. G. TI Distance of the Repellency of Dead Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Nestmates SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE termite behavior; feeding; repellency; necrophobia ID FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; LABORATORY GROUPS; DISTURBANCE; CANNIBALISM; STARVATION; BEHAVIOR AB Small arenas were constructed to test the distance at which the repellency of dead subterranean termite nestmates, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), could affect termite feeding on wooden blocks. The study used groups of 20 dead nestmates placed 1 cm distant from the wood blocks (5, placed in a series) in the treatment, and no dead nestmates in the controls. Data for each of 3 colonies were combined for analysis. The interaction of treatment x distance was a significant fixed effect. On average, in control arenas termite feeding decreased with distance, whereas in treatment arenas termite feeding increased with distance. These results indicate that whereas there is some feeding repellency associated with dead nestmates, this repellency has a short distance of influence. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Shelton, TG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM tshelton@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 49 IS 3 BP 221 EP 227 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AN2TY UT WOS:000340439900001 ER PT J AU Farrar, RR Lawrence, SD Blackburn, MB AF Farrar, Robert R., Jr. Lawrence, Susan D. Blackburn, Michael B. TI Arabidopsis Genotypes Resistant and Susceptible to Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae): No Net Effects on Insect Growth SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diamondback moth; Arabidopsis; resistance; compensatory feeding ID INBRED LINE POPULATION; COVARIANCE; THALIANA AB The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a pest of the Brassicaceae, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynhold. Ecotypes of Arabidopsis have previously been reported to vary in the amounts of leaf area consumed when fed on by diamondback moth larvae. In the present study, food consumption varied among plant lines previously identified as either susceptible or resistant, but larval growth did not differ. Digestive efficiency varied inversely with food consumption. Thus, larvae compensated for reduced digestive efficiency by increasing consumption such that they achieved similar growth rates on all the Arabidopsis lines tested. We conclude that leaf area consumed alone may not be an ideal parameter for determining insect resistance. C1 [Farrar, Robert R., Jr.; Lawrence, Susan D.; Blackburn, Michael B.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Farrar, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Robert.Farrar@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 49 IS 3 BP 285 EP 289 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AN2TY UT WOS:000340439900005 ER PT J AU Wong, GK Shulman, RJ Malaty, HM Czyzewski, D Seghers, VJ Thompson, D Chumpitazi, BP AF Wong, Gregory K. Shulman, Robert J. Malaty, Hoda M. Czyzewski, Danita Seghers, Victor J. Thompson, Deborah Chumpitazi, Bruno P. TI Relationship of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Psychosocial Distress to Gastric Retention in Children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; ABDOMINAL-PAIN; EMPTYING SCINTIGRAPHY; INTERSTITIAL-CELLS; GASTROPARESIS; MOTILITY; NAUSEA; SOMATIZATION; VALIDATION AB Objectives To determine whether gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (abdominal pain, nonpain GI symptoms, nausea) and/or psychosocial distress differ between children with/without gastroparesis and whether the severity of GI symptoms and/or psychosocial distress is related to the degree of gastroparesis. Study design Children aged 7-18 years (N = 100; 63 female patients) undergoing a 4-hour gastric emptying scintigraphy study completed questionnaires evaluating GI symptoms, anxiety, and somatization for this prospective study. Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney, t-test, and chi(2) tests were used as appropriate for statistical analysis. Results Children with gastroparesis (n = 25) were younger than those with normal emptying (12.6 +/- 3.5 vs 14.3 +/- 2.6 years, P = .01). Because questionnaire responses from 7- to 10-year-old children were inconsistent, only patient-reported symptoms from 11- to 18-year-olds were used. Within this older group (n = 83), children with gastroparesis (n = 17) did not differ from children with normal emptying in severity of GI symptoms or psychosocial distress. In children with gastroparesis, gastric retention at 4 hours was related inversely to vomiting (r = -0.506, P = .038), nausea (r = -0.536, P = .019), difficulty finishing a meal (r = -0.582, P = .014), and Children's Somatization Inventory score (r = -0.544, P = .024) and positively correlated with frequency of waking from sleep with symptoms (r = 0.551, P = .022). Conclusions The severity of GI symptoms and psychosocial distress do not differ between children with/without gastroparesis who are undergoing gastric emptying scintigraphy. In those with gastroparesis, gastric retention appears to be inversely related to dyspeptic symptoms and somatization and positively related to waking from sleep with symptoms. C1 [Wong, Gregory K.; Shulman, Robert J.; Czyzewski, Danita; Seghers, Victor J.; Thompson, Deborah; Chumpitazi, Bruno P.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wong, Gregory K.; Shulman, Robert J.; Czyzewski, Danita; Seghers, Victor J.; Chumpitazi, Bruno P.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Shulman, Robert J.; Thompson, Deborah] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Malaty, Hoda M.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Malaty, Hoda M.] Michael E DeBakey VA Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Chumpitazi, BP (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, 6701 Fannin St,CCC 1010, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM chumpita@bcm.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 NR05337]; Daffy's Foundation; US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service [6250-51000-043]; NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [P30 DK56338]; North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Foundation/Nestle Nutrition Young Investigator Development Award FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH; R01 NR05337), The Daffy's Foundation, the US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (6250-51000-043 to R.S.), and NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30 DK56338 to the Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center). B.C. was funded by the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Foundation/Nestle Nutrition Young Investigator Development Award. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the US Department of Agriculture; mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the US government. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 165 IS 1 BP 85 EP + DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.02.063 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AM3BS UT WOS:000339727100020 PM 24726541 ER PT J AU Chu, CJ Havstad, KM Kaplan, N Lauenroth, WK McClaran, MP Peters, DP Vermeire, LT Adler, PB AF Chu, Chengjin Havstad, Kris M. Kaplan, Nicole Lauenroth, William K. McClaran, Mitchel P. Peters, Debra P. Vermeire, Lance T. Adler, Peter B. TI Life forminfluences survivorship patterns for 109 herbaceous perennials from six semi- arid ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Age-specific mortality; Demographic parameters; Forb; Grass; Senescence; Weibull survivorship curves; Weighted Cox's proportional hazard model ID AGE-SPECIFIC DEMOGRAPHY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; PLANT DEMOGRAPHY; SENESCENCE; EVOLUTION; MONKEYFLOWERS; MODELS; SPAN AB Questions: What factors explain the variation in plant survival parameters across species and ecosystems? Location: Western North America. Methods: We compiled six long-term data sets from western North America to test for ecosystem-dependent demographic responses for forbs and grasses. Based on these data, we characterized 123 survivorship curves for 109 species. Three demographic parameters were extracted from these survivorship curves: survival rate at age 1, life expectancy at age 1, and a parameter describing the shape of the survivorship curve. We used a mixed effects model to compare the differences in demographic parameters between life forms (forbs or grasses) and among ecosystems, incorporating 'ecosystem' as a random factor, with life form treated as a categorical factor, and mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature treated as continuous variables. Results: Grasses had higher survival and longer life expectancy than forbs at 1 yr of age. Both forbs and grasses followed Type III survivorship curves, although forbs were closer to Type II compared to the grasses. Averaging across species, hazard ratios for whole survivorship curves differed amongmost ecosystems. While mean annual precipitation had no effect on any demographic parameter, mean annual temperature had a significantly negative effect on both first year survival rates and life expectancy for forbs. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that life form exerts a strong influence on demographic parameters and their response to temperature variation among ecosystems. This unprecedented information on the age-specific demography of herbaceous plants has implications for population modelling and research on life-history evolution and senescence. C1 [Chu, Chengjin; Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Chu, Chengjin; Adler, Peter B.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Havstad, Kris M.; Peters, Debra P.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Havstad, Kris M.; Peters, Debra P.] New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Basin Long Term Ecol Res, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Kaplan, Nicole] Colorado State Univ, Shortgrass Steppe LTER, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [McClaran, Mitchel P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Vermeire, Lance T.] ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Chu, CJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM chengjin.chu@usu.edu; Kris.Havstad@ars.usda.gov; Nicole.Kaplan@colostate.edu; wlauenro@uwyo.edu; mcclaran@email.arizona.edu; debpeter@ad.nmsu.edu; lance.vermeire@ars.usda.gov; peter.adler@usu.edu RI Adler, Peter/D-3781-2009 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1054040, DEB-0618210]; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University [8477] FX We thank Dave Koons and Roberto Salguero-Gomez for ideas and advice. We also thank Gillian Rapson and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This study was funded by the National Science Foundation through grants to PBA (DEB-1054040) and to New Mexico State University as part of the Jornada Basin LTER (DEB-0618210). This work was also supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, and approved as journal paper number 8477. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 25 IS 4 BP 947 EP 954 DI 10.1111/jvs.12106 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA AN4QF UT WOS:000340572000006 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Pettis, JS Corona, M Chen, WP Li, CJ Spivak, M Visscher, PK DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Boncristiani, H Zhao, Y Vanengelsdorp, D Delaplane, K Solter, L Drummond, F Kramer, M Lipkin, WI Palacios, G Hamilton, MC Smith, B Huang, SK Zheng, HQ Li, JL Zhang, X Zhou, AF Wu, LY Zhou, JZ Lee, ML Teixeira, EW Li, ZG Evans, JD AF Chen, Yan Ping Pettis, Jeffery S. Corona, Miguel Chen, Wei Ping Li, Cong Jun Spivak, Marla Visscher, P. Kirk DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria Boncristiani, Humberto Zhao, Yan Vanengelsdorp, Dennis Delaplane, Keith Solter, Leellen Drummond, Francis Kramer, Matthew Lipkin, W. Ian Palacios, Gustavo Hamilton, Michele C. Smith, Barton Huang, Shao Kang Zheng, Huo Qing Li, Ji Lian Zhang, Xuan Zhou, Ai Fen Wu, Li You Zhou, Ji Zhong Lee, Myeong-L. Teixeira, Erica W. Li, Zhi Guo Evans, Jay D. TI Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Implications for Honey Bee Health SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; DEFORMED-WING VIRUS; APIS-MELLIFERA; VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; ANTIVIRAL RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; PCR ANALYSIS; DROSOPHILA; PATHWAY; TOLL AB Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) is a widespread RNA virus of honey bees that has been linked with colony losses. Here we describe the transmission, prevalence, and genetic traits of this virus, along with host transcriptional responses to infections. Further, we present RNAi-based strategies for limiting an important mechanism used by IAPV to subvert host defenses. Our study shows that IAPV is established as a persistent infection in honey bee populations, likely enabled by both horizontal and vertical transmission pathways. The phenotypic differences in pathology among different strains of IAPV found globally may be due to high levels of standing genetic variation. Microarray profiles of host responses to IAPV infection revealed that mitochondrial function is the most significantly affected biological process, suggesting that viral infection causes significant disturbance in energy-related host processes. The expression of genes involved in immune pathways in adult bees indicates that IAPV infection triggers active immune responses. The evidence that silencing an IAPV-encoded putative suppressor of RNAi reduces IAPV replication suggests a functional assignment for a particular genomic region of IAPV and closely related viruses from the Family Dicistroviridae, and indicates a novel therapeutic strategy for limiting multiple honey bee viruses simultaneously and reducing colony losses due to viral diseases. We believe that the knowledge and insights gained from this study will provide a new platform for continuing studies of the IAPV-host interactions and have positive implications for disease management that will lead to mitigation of escalating honey bee colony losses worldwide. C1 [Chen, Yan Ping; Pettis, Jeffery S.; Corona, Miguel; Hamilton, Michele C.; Smith, Barton; Evans, Jay D.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chen, Wei Ping] NIDDK, Microarray Core Facil, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Li, Cong Jun] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Spivak, Marla] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN USA. [Visscher, P. Kirk] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Boncristiani, Humberto] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. [Zhao, Yan] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Vanengelsdorp, Dennis] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Delaplane, Keith] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Solter, Leellen] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Drummond, Francis] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME USA. [Kramer, Matthew] USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. [Lipkin, W. Ian] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY USA. [Palacios, Gustavo] George Mason Univ, Natl Ctr Biodef & Infect Dis, Manassas, VA USA. [Huang, Shao Kang] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Bee Sci, Fuzhou, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Huo Qing; Li, Zhi Guo] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Li, Ji Lian] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Apicultural Res, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xuan] Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Ai Fen; Wu, Li You; Zhou, Ji Zhong] Univ Oklahoma, IEG, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lee, Myeong-L.] RDA, Natl Acad Agr Sci, Sericulture & Apiculture Dept, Suwon, South Korea. [Teixeira, Erica W.] Agencia Paulista Tecnol Agronegocios SAA SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC East Bldg, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM judy.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010; Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938 FU USDA-CAP [2009-85118-05718]; NIH [AI1057158]; Department of Defense FX This research was supported by the USDA-CAP grant (2009-85118-05718). WIL and GP received support from NIH award AI1057158 (Northeast Biodefense Center-Lipkin) and the Department of Defense. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 12 U2 89 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7366 EI 1553-7374 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 10 IS 7 AR e1004261 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004261 PG 15 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA AN4IL UT WOS:000340551000041 PM 25079600 ER PT J AU Fang, QX Andales, AA Derner, JD Ahuja, LR Ma, L Bartling, PNS Reeves, JL Qi, Z AF Fang, Q. X. Andales, A. A. Derner, J. D. Ahuja, L. R. Ma, L. Bartling, P. N. S. Reeves, J. L. Qi, Z. TI Modeling weather and stocking rate effects on forage and steer production in northern mixed-grass prairie SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE GPFARM-Range; Rangeland model; Peak standing crop; Steer ID PEAK STANDING CROP; GRAZING SYSTEMS; ECONOMIC RESPONSES; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; RANGELAND; PLAINS; CATTLE; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION AB Stocking rate (SR) is the primary management factor that influences livestock gains, plant community changes and forage production, as well as economic returns for livestock producers. More effective stocking decision making by ranchers in the semi-arid northern mixed-grass prairie requires clearly understanding forage production and yearling steer weight gain (SWG) responses to SR and high weather variability. The objectives of this study were to: (1) test the Great Plains Framework for Agricultural Resource Management-Range (GPFARM-Range) model for predicting forage production and SWG under three experimental SR treatments and long-term weather conditions on semiarid northern mixed-grass prairie in southeast Wyoming, USA; and (2) quantify the threshold responses of forage production and SWG to SR and the yearly weather variability across years using long-term simulations with SR higher than those experimentally evaluated. We improved upon the GPFARM-Range model to simulate peak standing crop (PSC) and SWG for three experimental SR treatments (low, moderate and high; 0.20, 0.33 and 0.44 steer ha(-1), respectively) from 1982 to 2012 at Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA. The improved model accurately predicted the effects of SR on PSC and SWG across years (root mean square errors from 355 to 387 kg ha(-1) for PSC and from 12.8 to 14.2 kg head(-1) for SWG). We ran the model with long-term weather data and 50-300% higher SR (0.66-1.76 steer ha(-1)) than the high SR experimental treatment. Differential responses of predicted total intake of digestible nutrients (quadratic increase) and metabolic maintenance (linear increase) to these higher SR resulted in a quadratic increase of predicted SWG with SR and high yearly variability at high SR levels. The financially-optimum SR with highest profits was reduced to 0.33 steer ha(-1) for dry or normal seasons and 0.44 steer ha(-1) for wet seasons. Such reduced SR can also benefit land conservation with high PSC and low harvest efficiency. The moderate SR with 25% harvest efficiency was determined between 0.22 and 0.33 steer ha(-1) for dry or normal seasons, or between 0.33 and 0.44 steer ha(-1) for wet seasons. These results provide useful direction for selecting an effective SR to achieve high economic net return with lower yearly variability (risk) and reduced likelihood of rangeland degradation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fang, Q. X.] Qingdao Agr Univ, Qingdao 266109, Peoples R China. [Andales, A. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Derner, J. D.; Reeves, J. L.] ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Ahuja, L. R.; Ma, L.; Bartling, P. N. S.] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Qi, Z.] McGill Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RP Andales, AA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 1170 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Allan.Andales@colostate.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X EI 1873-2267 J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 129 BP 103 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2014.05.011 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA AN0YZ UT WOS:000340311200010 ER PT J AU Foote, AP Penner, GB Walpole, ME Klotz, JL Brown, KR Bush, LP Harmon, DL AF Foote, A. P. Penner, G. B. Walpole, M. E. Klotz, J. L. Brown, K. R. Bush, L. P. Harmon, D. L. TI Acute exposure to ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue does not alter absorptive or barrier function of the isolated bovine ruminal epithelium SO ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE bovine; ergovaline absorption; fescue toxicosis; volatile fatty acid absorption ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; RUMEN EPITHELIUM; USSING CHAMBER; BLOOD-FLOW; SHEEP; TRANSPORT; BICARBONATE; MECHANISMS; ACIDOSIS; TISSUES AB Ergot alkaloids in endophyte-infected (Neotyphodium coenophialum) tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) have been shown to cause a reduction in blood flow to the rumen epithelium as well as a decrease in volatile fatty acids (VFA) absorption from the washed rumen of steers. Previous data also indicates that incubating an extract of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed causes an increase in the amount of VFA absorbed per unit of blood flow, which could result from an alteration in the absorptive or barrier function of the rumen epithelium. An experiment was conducted to determine the acute effects of an endophyte-infected tall fescue seed extract (EXT) on total, passive or facilitated acetate and butyrate flux across the isolated bovine rumen as well as the barrier function measured by inulin flux and tissue conductance (G(t)). Flux of ergovaline across the rumen epithelium was also evaluated. Rumen tissue from the caudal dorsal sac of Holstein steers (n = 6), fed a common diet, was collected and isolated shortly after slaughter and mounted between two halves of Ussing chambers. In vitro treatments included vehicle control (80% methanol, 0.5% of total volume), Low EXT (50 ng ergovaline/ml) and High EXT (250 ng ergovaline/ml). Results indicate that there is no effect of acute exposure to ergot alkaloids on total, passive or facilitated flux of acetate or butyrate across the isolate bovine rumen epithelium (P > 0.51). Inulin flux (P = 0.16) and G(t) (P > 0.17) were not affected by EXT treatment, indicating no alteration in barrier function due to acute ergot alkaloid exposure. Ergovaline was detected in the serosal buffer of the High EXT treatment indicating that the flux rate is similar to 0.25 to 0.44 ng/cm(2) per hour. Data indicate that specific pathways for VFA absorption and barrier function of the rumen epithelium are not affected by acute exposure to ergot alkaloids from tall fescue at the concentrations tested. Ergovaline has the potential to be absorbed from the rumen of cattle that could contribute to reduced blood flow and motility and lead to reduced growth rates of cattle. C1 [Foote, A. P.; Harmon, D. L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Penner, G. B.; Walpole, M. E.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. [Klotz, J. L.; Brown, K. R.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Bush, L. P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Foote, AP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM dharmon@uky.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station FX Support for this research was provided in part by federal funds from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and is Publication No. 13-07-104. The authors would like to acknowledge Huihua Ji and Dr Neil Fannin for their assistance with the tall fescue seed extract; Tyler Schweiger for animal care; and Brittney Schurmann and Gillian Gratton for their assistance with the Ussing chambers. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1751-7311 EI 1751-732X J9 ANIMAL JI Animal PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1106 EP 1112 DI 10.1017/S1751731114001141 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA AN0DH UT WOS:000340252100010 PM 26263028 ER PT J AU Zhou, Q Sun, Q Wang, G Zhou, B Lu, M Marchant-Forde, JN Yang, X Zhao, R AF Zhou, Q. Sun, Q. Wang, G. Zhou, B. Lu, M. Marchant-Forde, J. N. Yang, X. Zhao, R. TI Group housing during gestation affects the behaviour of sows and the physiological indices of offspring at weaning SO ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE sow; housing system; behavior; piglet; physiological indices ID PREGNANT SOWS; STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR; FARROWING CRATES; STALLS; WELFARE; PERFORMANCE; PIGS; RESPONSES; CORTISOL; FEEDERS AB To compare the behaviour of sows and the physiological indices of their offspring in stall and group-housing systems, 28 sows were randomly distributed into two systems with 16 sows in stalls, and the other 12 sows were divided into three groups with four sows per pen. The area per sow in stalls and groups was 1.2 and 2.5 m(2), respectively. Back fat depth of the sow was measured. Salivary cortisol concentration of the sows, colostrum composition and piglets' serum biochemical indicators were evaluated. The behaviour of the sows, including agonistic behaviour, non-agonistic social behaviour, stereotypical behaviour and other behaviours at weeks 2, 9 and 14 of pregnancy were analysed. The results showed no differences in the back fat depth of sows. Colostrum protein, triglyceride, triiodothyronine, thyroxine and prolactin concentrations in the whey also demonstrated no significant differences between the two housing systems. Salivary cortisol concentration was significantly higher in the sows housed in groups than the sows in stalls. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were significantly higher in the offspring of sows housed in groups (P = 0.006 and 0.005, respectively). The GLM procedure for repeated measures analysis showed the frequency of drinking, and non-agonistic social behaviour was significantly higher in the sows housed in groups than the sows in stalls; yet the frequency of agonistic and sham chewing demonstrated the opposite direction. The duration of standing was significantly longer in the sows housed in groups, but the sitting and stereotypical behaviour duration were significantly shorter compared with the sows in stalls. These results indicated that group housing has no obvious influence on the colostrum composition of sows; however, it was better for sows to express their non-agonistic social behaviour and reduce the frequency of agonistic behaviour and stereotypical behaviour. Meanwhile, group housing during gestation significantly increased serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol of offspring. C1 [Zhou, Q.; Sun, Q.; Wang, G.; Yang, X.; Zhao, R.] Nanjing Agr Univ, Key Lab Anim Physiol & Biochem, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhou, B.] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lu, M.] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Marchant-Forde, J. N.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zhou, Q (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Key Lab Anim Physiol & Biochem, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM yangxj@njau.edu.cn OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 FU Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest [201003011]; National Basic Research Programmer of China [2012CB124703]; Science and Technology Innovation Fund for the Youth of Nanjing Agricultural University [0906J0385]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-12-0889]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions FX This work was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201003011), the National Basic Research Programmer of China (2012CB124703), Science and Technology Innovation Fund for the Youth of Nanjing Agricultural University (0906J0385), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0889) and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 50 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1751-7311 EI 1751-732X J9 ANIMAL JI Animal PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1162 EP 1169 DI 10.1017/S1751731114001025 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA AN0DH UT WOS:000340252100017 PM 24801378 ER PT J AU Lahlou, MN Kanneganti, R Massingill, LJ Broderick, GA Park, Y Pariza, MW Ferguson, JD Wu, Z AF Lahlou, M. N. Kanneganti, R. Massingill, L. J. Broderick, G. A. Park, Y. Pariza, M. W. Ferguson, J. D. Wu, Z. TI Grazing increases the concentration of CLA in dairy cow milk SO ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE CLA; pasture; milk fatty acids; dairy cow ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; FORAGE CONSERVATION METHOD; RUMEN MICROBIAL ECOSYSTEM; RUMINAL LIPID-METABOLISM; LACTATING COWS; FED DIETS; GRASS-SILAGE; RED-CLOVER; BIOHYDROGENATION AB An experiment was conducted to examine whether increased CLA in milk of dairy cows fed fresh pasture compared with alfalfa and corn silages was because of ruminal or endogenous synthesis. Eight Holsteins were fed a total mixed ration using alfalfa and corn silages as the forage source in confinement or grazed in a replicated crossover design. The proportion of total fatty acids as CLA (primarily c9, t11-18:2) in g/100 g was 0.44 v. 0.28 in ruminal digesta, 0.89 v. 0.53 in omasal digesta and 0.71 v. 1.06 in milk during confinement feeding and grazing, respectively. Blood plasma CLA was 0.54 v. 1.05 mg/l for the two treatments, respectively. The increased concentration of CLA in milk with grazing likely resulted from increased synthesis through desaturation of t11-18:1 in the mammary gland. C1 [Lahlou, M. N.; Kanneganti, R.; Massingill, L. J.; Broderick, G. A.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Park, Y.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Food Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Pariza, M. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ferguson, J. D.; Wu, Z.] Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Lahlou, MN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM zwu@vet.upenn.edu RI Park, Yeonhwa/B-9064-2008 OI Park, Yeonhwa/0000-0001-9727-0899 FU American Cancer Society [IRG-58-41-10] FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the American Cancer Society, grant number IRG-58-41-10. The authors wish to acknowledge the leadership Dr L. D. Satter played in the project. In addition, J. E. Delahoy helped verify the identification of fatty acids on the gas chromatograph. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 23 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1751-7311 EI 1751-732X J9 ANIMAL JI Animal PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1191 EP 1200 DI 10.1017/S1751731114000998 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA AN0DH UT WOS:000340252100020 PM 24785122 ER PT J AU Davidson, J Schrader, K Ruan, E Swift, B Aalhus, J Juarez, M Wolters, W Burr, G Good, C Summerfelt, ST AF Davidson, John Schrader, Kevin Ruan, Eric Swift, Bruce Aalhus, Jennifer Juarez, Manuel Wolters, William Burr, Gary Good, Christopher Summerfelt, Steven T. TI Evaluation of depuration procedures to mitigate the off-flavor compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar raised to market-size in recirculating aquaculture systems SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Depuration; Off-flavor; MIB; Geosmin; Atlantic salmon; Recirculating aquaculture systems ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CHANNEL CATFISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; WATER; QUALITY; IMPACT; FISH AB Fish cultured within water recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) can acquire "earthy" or "musty" off-flavors due to bioaccumulation of the compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), respectively, which are produced by certain bacterial species present in RAS biosolids and microbial biofilms. Fish cultured in RAS are generally transferred to separate depuration systems that are flushed with water in a single pass or operated with limited water recirculation (with no biofilter), in order to purge these unpalatable flavors. Technologies and standard operating practices that optimize purging kinetics for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and other species cultured in RAS are needed to improve the consistency and efficacy of depuration. A 2 x 2 factorial trial was conducted to evaluate techniques to mitigate off-flavor from Atlantic salmon cultured to 3-5 kg in a semi-commercial scale freshwater RAS. Twelve replicated depuration systems (0.5 m(3)) were used to evaluate four combinations (n = 3) of the following standard operating procedure and system design parameters: (1) disinfection of depuration systems as a 1 h static treatment using 250 mg/L hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) prior to stocking fish, (2) no disinfection prior to stocking fish, (3) presence of water aeration media within gas transfer columns of depuration systems, and (4) absence of water aeration media within gas transfer columns of depuration systems. Food-size Atlantic salmon were stocked within the depuration systems and kept off feed for 10 days. Six salmon were harvested from the original RAS on Day 0 and fileted for baseline assessment of off-flavor concentrations. Thereafter, filet samples (n = 3-4) were taken on Days 3, 6, and 10 to evaluate off-flavor kinetics. Hydrogen peroxide disinfection of depuration systems resulted in significantly reduced off-flavor in salmon filets during the depuration period. Results also indicated that the presence of high-surface-area water aeration media shielded biofilms from complete disinfection, resulting in less and slower off-flavor removal from Atlantic salmon filets; while depuration systems void of media resulted in greater and more rapid off-flavor reduction. Thus, water aeration media should not be used in depuration systems because of the challenges posed for effective cleaning, disinfection, and inactivation of off-flavor producing bacteria that may be present, and unit processes and locations that are difficult-to-clean should be excluded. In addition, a wide range of off-flavor concentrations were measured within individual salmon, indicating that one salmon is not a representative sample size to determine market suitability. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Davidson, John; Good, Christopher; Summerfelt, Steven T.] Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Schrader, Kevin] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Ruan, Eric; Aalhus, Jennifer; Juarez, Manuel] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB, Canada. [Swift, Bruce] TRI GEN Fish Improvement Ltd, Ponoka, AB, Canada. [Wolters, William; Burr, Gary] USDA ARS, Natl Coldwater Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Orono, ME USA. RP Davidson, J (reprint author), Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM j.davidson@freshwaterinstitute.org FU Atlantic Salmon Federation (St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Palo Alto, CA, USA); USDA Agricultural Research Service [59-1930-5-510] FX This research was funded in part by the Atlantic Salmon Federation (St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Palo Alto, CA, USA). The USDA Agricultural Research Service also supported this work under Agreement No. 59-1930-5-510. All experimental protocols and methods were in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (9CFR) requirements and were approved by the Freshwater Institute's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Special thanks to Phil Backover, Leslie Vegas, and Heather Dailey for technical assistance; to Karen Schroyer, Susan Glenn, and Katelyn Walters for background water chemistry analysis; and to Dr. Brett Kenney and Susan Slider for proximate analysis of salmon filets. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 61 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.05.006 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA AN1BG UT WOS:000340317100004 ER PT J AU D'Alessandro, CP Jones, LR Humber, RA Lastra, CCL Sosa-Gomez, DR AF D'Alessandro, Celeste P. Jones, Leandro R. Humber, Richard A. Lopez Lastra, Claudia C. Sosa-Gomez, Daniel R. TI Characterization and phylogeny of Isaria spp. strains (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and elongation factor 1-alpha sequences SO JOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Characterization; EF1-alpha; ITS1-5.8S-ITS2; Isaria spp.; Phylogeny ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; PAECILOMYCES-LILACINUS; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; RDNA; BEAUVERIA; GENUS; HOST; CORDYCEPS; MARKERS AB The elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-alpha) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions ITS1 and ITS2 (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) sequences were used to characterize and to identify Isaria isolates from Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil, as well as to study the phylogenetic relationships among these isolates and other related fungi from the order Hypocreales. The molecular characterization, which was performed by PCR-RFLP of EF1-alpha and ITS1-5.8-ITS2 genes, was useful for resolving representative isolates of Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria farinosa, and Isaria tenuipes and to confirm the taxonomic identity of fungi from Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil. The phylogenetic analyses showed three clades corresponding to three families of Hypocreales. The genus Isaria was confirmed as polyphyletic and in family Cordycipitaceae, Isaria species were related to anamorphic species of Beauveria, Lecanicillium, and Simplicillium and to teleomorphic Cordyceps and Torrubiella. Therefore, EF1-a and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 genes were found to be powerful tools for improving the characterization, identification, and phylogenetic relationship of the Isaria species and other entomopathogenic fungi. C1 [D'Alessandro, Celeste P.; Lopez Lastra, Claudia C.] UNLP, CONICET, Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores CEPAVE, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Jones, Leandro R.] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Fac Ciencias Nat Sede Trelew, CONICET, Lab Virol & Genet Mol, San Juan Bosco, Chubut, Argentina. [Humber, Richard A.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sosa-Gomez, Daniel R.] Embrapa Soybean Res Ctr, Londrina, Parana, Brazil. RP D'Alessandro, CP (reprint author), UNLP, CONICET, Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores CEPAVE, Calle 2 584, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM celed1881@yahoo.com.ar RI D'Alessandro, Celeste/I-5312-2012 OI D'Alessandro, Celeste/0000-0003-1236-3805 FU CONICET (National Research Council of Argentina); Wood Whelan Fellowship; ANPCYT from Argentina (National Agency of Scientific and Technologic promotion) (GRANT PICT) [20337/04]; ANPCYT from Argentina (National Agency of Scientific and Technologic promotion) (PICT-PRH) [120]; CNPq from Brazil (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) FX To CONICET (National Research Council of Argentina) and Wood Whelan Fellowship for funded senior author fellowship. To ANPCYT from Argentina (National Agency of Scientific and Technologic promotion) (GRANT PICT No 20337/04 to Claudia Lopez Lastra and PICT-PRH No 120 to Leandro R. Jones) and CNPq from Brazil (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) for financial support. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0233-111X EI 1521-4028 J9 J BASIC MICROB JI J. Basic Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 54 SU 1 BP S21 EP S31 DI 10.1002/jobm.201300499 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AN0DY UT WOS:000340254400004 PM 24222441 ER PT J AU Stidham, M McCaffrey, S Toman, E Shindler, B AF Stidham, Melanie McCaffrey, Sarah Toman, Eric Shindler, Bruce TI Policy tools to encourage community-level defensible space in the United States: A tale of six communities SO JOURNAL OF RURAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Community risk; Mitigation; Diffusion of Innovations ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; FIRE; WILDFIRE; MITIGATION; PERCEPTIONS; MANAGEMENT; RISK; PREPAREDNESS; PERSPECTIVES; HOMEOWNERS AB Within the wildland-urban interface (WUI), wildfire risk contains both individual and collective components. The likelihood that a particular home will be threatened by wildfire in any given year is low, but at a broader scale the likelihood that a home somewhere in the WUI will be threatened is substantially higher. From a risk mitigation perspective, individuals may take a number of actions to reduce risk exposure, but their risk is lowered even further when neighboring properties also take mitigation measures. Collectively, risk mitigation on individual properties lowers both individual and community-level risk. Multiple factors contribute to whether or not an individual will take action to reduce their risk; when an individual opts to not implement risk mitigation measures that would be beneficial from a community standpoint, community leaders can use a variety of policy tools to encourage the individual to adopt an action or change their behavior. As proposed by Schneider and Ingram in 1990, these include passing rules or regulations, building capacity, providing incentives, and establishing community norms. As part of a larger longitudinal study on WUI communities in the western United States, we reviewed approaches used by six communities in Idaho, Oregon and Utah to mitigate interdependent wildfire risk at two points in time. Each community's approach was different, being well suited to meet the community's specific needs. The most consistent policy tool utilized across communities was capacity-building, primarily through raising awareness of fire hazards and potential mitigation behaviors and leveraging external resources. Another commonality was the involvement of a central group or individual that provided leadership by initiating and championing the mitigation effort and serving as a link to external resources. There are a number of other communities in the WUI that are also at risk for wildfire; these findings can be useful to community members and agency personnel who are seeking to engage residents to reduce individual and collective risk. Within our communities, several different approaches have been effective at encouraging homeowners to adopt and maintain mitigation activities ranging from collective efforts organized locally to others developed externally to provide incentives or potential punishments for not adopting treatments. Understanding the diversity of approaches and activities that have fostered mitigation can help managers identify what will work best for their specific communities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stidham, Melanie; Toman, Eric] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [McCaffrey, Sarah] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Shindler, Bruce] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97239 USA. RP Stidham, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 210 Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM stidham.39@osu.edu; smccaffrey@fs.fed.us; toman.10@osu.edu; bruce.shindler@oregonstate.edu NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0743-0167 J9 J RURAL STUD JI J. Rural Stud. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.04.006 PG 11 WC Geography; Planning & Development SC Geography; Public Administration GA AM7BI UT WOS:000340019300006 ER PT J AU Reising, MM Schumann, KR Crossley, BM Glas, PS Jacobson, RH Toohey-Kurth, KL Pedersen, JC Siev, D Martin, BM AF Reising, Monica M. Schumann, Kate R. Crossley, Beate M. Glas, Patricia S. Jacobson, Richard H. Toohey-Kurth, Kathy L. Pedersen, Janice C. Siev, David Martin, Barbara M. TI Methods comparison: An alternative approach for evaluating the impact of a modification to a validated assay SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Methods comparison; polymerase chain reaction; validation AB The current report discusses the process in which a methods comparison study in the National Animal Health Laboratory Network is performed. Specific details are provided for designing and analyzing studies intended to evaluate analytical sensitivity, efficiency, analytical specificity, cross-contamination, repeatability, operator variability, and to compare the performance of methods using diagnostic samples. As an example, a case study is presented comparing the performance of a candidate reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) chemistry to the current RT-PCR chemistry in use when the assay was originally validated. The present study revealed that, for all of the validation factors evaluated, the candidate method performed at least as well and generally better than the current method. The candidate method was, therefore, deemed fit for the original intended purpose of the current method and rendered acceptable for use. A discussion of the case study is intended to further motivate consideration of the study designs chosen. C1 [Reising, Monica M.; Siev, David] Ctr Vet Biol Policy Evaluat & Licensing, Stat Sect, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Schumann, Kate R.; Glas, Patricia S.] Natl Vet Serv Labs, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Plum Island, NY USA. [Crossley, Beate M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jacobson, Richard H.] Cornell Univ, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Ithaca, NY USA. [Toohey-Kurth, Kathy L.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Toohey-Kurth, Kathy L.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pedersen, Janice C.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Diagnost Virol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Martin, Barbara M.] Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Reising, MM (reprint author), Ctr Vet Biol Policy Evaluat & Licensing, Stat Sect, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM monica.m.reising@aphis.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratories as part of the animal disease diagnostic mission; USDA Agriculture Research Service [60-1940-7-011] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratories as part of the animal disease diagnostic mission and by interagency agreement with the USDA Agriculture Research Service under award number 60-1940-7-011. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 26 IS 4 BP 480 EP 487 DI 10.1177/1040638714535402 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AN0EQ UT WOS:000340256800001 PM 24899621 ER PT J AU Gaudreault, NN Mayo, CE Jasperson, DC Crossley, BM Breitmeyer, RE Johnson, DJ Ostlund, EN MacLachlan, NJ Wilson, WC AF Gaudreault, Natasha N. Mayo, Christie E. Jasperson, Dane C. Crossley, Beate M. Breitmeyer, Richard E. Johnson, Donna J. Ostlund, Eileen N. MacLachlan, N. James Wilson, William C. TI Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Bluetongue virus serotype 2 strains isolated in the Americas including a novel strain from the western United States SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Bluetongue virus; phylogeny; sequence; serotype 2; whole genome ID CULICOIDES-SONORENSIS; CATTLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; DIVERSITY AB Bluetongue is a potentially fatal arboviral disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is characterized by widespread edema and tissue necrosis. Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17 occur throughout much of the United States, whereas serotype 2 (BTV-2) was previously only detected in the southeastern United States. Since 1998, 10 other BTV serotypes have also been isolated from ruminants in the southeastern United States. In 2010, BTV-2 was identified in California for the first time, and preliminary sequence analysis indicated that the virus isolate was closely related to BTV strains circulating in the southeastern United States. In the current study, the whole genome sequence of the California strain of BTV-2 was compared with those of other BTV-2 strains in the Americas. The results of the analysis suggest co-circulation of genetically distinct viruses in the southeastern United States, and further suggest that the 2010 western isolate is closely related to southeastern strains of BTV. Although it remains uncertain as to how this novel virus was translocated to California, the findings of the current study underscore the need for ongoing surveillance of this economically important livestock disease. C1 [Gaudreault, Natasha N.; Jasperson, Dane C.; Wilson, William C.] ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Manhattan, KS USA. [Mayo, Christie E.; MacLachlan, N. James] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Crossley, Beate M.; Breitmeyer, Richard E.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Johnson, Donna J.; Ostlund, Eileen N.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Diagnost Virol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Gaudreault, NN (reprint author), Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM natasha.gaudreault@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service [5430-32000-006-00D] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (project 5430-32000-006-00D). NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 26 IS 4 BP 553 EP 557 DI 10.1177/1040638714536902 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AN0EQ UT WOS:000340256800012 PM 24916442 ER PT J AU Lee, J Dossett, M Finn, CE AF Lee, Jungmin Dossett, Michael Finn, Chad E. TI Mistaken Identity: Clarification of Rubus coreanus Miquel (Bokbunja) SO MOLECULES LA English DT Review DE species adulteration; cha tian pao; bramble; caneberry; blackcap ID ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; POLYPHENOLICS; COLOR; ADULTERATION; INHERITANCE; EXTRACTION; AMERICA; MATRIX; MIQ. AB In the U. S., there has been a recent surge in Korean black raspberry products available and in the number of reports about this species appearing in the scientific literature. Despite this, the majority of products sold and the work carried out has been on Rubus occidentalis L., not R. coreanus Miquel. The importance of accurate recognition of all starting material is multiplied for research downstream, including genetics/genomics, plant breeding, phenolic identification, food processing improvements and pharmacokinetic investigations. An overview of distinguishing characteristics separating R. coreanus from R. occidentalis will be presented. Research conducted on correctly identified fruit will also be summarized to aid future studies that might showcase the unique qualities that bokbunja can offer. C1 [Lee, Jungmin] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit HCRU Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Dossett, Michael] BC Blueberry Council, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. [Finn, Chad E.] ARS, USDA, HCRU, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit HCRU Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jungmin.lee@ars.usda.gov; michael.dossett@agr.gc.ca; chad.finn@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5358-21000-047-00D, 5358-21220-002-00D]; Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) from the USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2011-51181-30676] FX We thank an anonymous South Korean researcher for their insight into this issue. This project was funded by USDA-ARS CRIS Numbers 5358-21000-047-00D and 5358-21220-002-00D and the Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) Grant Number 2011-51181-30676 from the USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA). NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-3049 J9 MOLECULES JI Molecules PD JUL PY 2014 VL 19 IS 7 BP 10524 EP 10533 DI 10.3390/molecules190710524 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA AM7HK UT WOS:000340036200112 PM 25045891 ER PT J AU Zheng, BL He, H Zheng, YH Wu, WY McCormick, S AF Zheng, Binglian He, Hui Zheng, Yanhua Wu, Wenye McCormick, Sheila TI An ARID Domain-Containing Protein within Nuclear Bodies Is Required for Sperm Cell Formation in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MALE GAMETOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT; MALE GAMETOGENESIS; CAJAL BODIES; PROLIFERATION; COMPLEX; POLLEN; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; BINDING AB In plants, each male meiotic product undergoes mitosis, and then one of the resulting cells divides again, yielding a three-celled pollen grain comprised of a vegetative cell and two sperm cells. Several genes have been found to act in this process, and DUO1 (DUO POLLEN 1), a transcription factor, plays a key role in sperm cell formation by activating expression of several germline genes. But how DUO1 itself is activated and how sperm cell formation is initiated remain unknown. To expand our understanding of sperm cell formation, we characterized an ARID (AT-Rich Interacting Domain)-containing protein, ARID1, that is specifically required for sperm cell formation in Arabidopsis. ARID1 localizes within nuclear bodies that are transiently present in the generative cell from which sperm cells arise, coincident with the timing of DUO1 activation. An arid1 mutant and antisense arid1 plants had an increased incidence of pollen with only a single sperm-like cell and exhibited reduced fertility as well as reduced expression of DUO1. In vitro and in vivo evidence showed that ARID1 binds to the DUO1 promoter. Lastly, we found that ARID1 physically associates with histone deacetylase 8 and that histone acetylation, which in wild type is evident only in sperm, expanded to the vegetative cell nucleus in the arid1 mutant. This study identifies a novel component required for sperm cell formation in plants and uncovers a direct positive regulatory role of ARID1 on DUO1 through association with histone acetylation. C1 [Zheng, Binglian; He, Hui; Zheng, Yanhua; Wu, Wenye] Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Genet Engn, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Genet & Dev, Inst Plant Biol,Sch Life Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Binglian; McCormick, Sheila] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Zheng, Binglian; McCormick, Sheila] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA USA. RP Zheng, BL (reprint author), Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Genet Engn, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Genet & Dev, Inst Plant Biol,Sch Life Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM sheilamc@berkeley.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System [5335-21000-030-00D]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB910500]; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [13PJ1401200]; Program of 1000 Global Expert; Ministry of Education Science and Technology Department Center of China [20120071120012] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System (5335-21000-030-00D) funding to SM, National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB910500), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (13PJ1401200), Program of 1000 Global Expert, and Ministry of Education Science and Technology Department Center of China (20120071120012) funding to BZ. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7390 EI 1553-7404 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 10 IS 7 AR e1004421 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004421 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AM5ME UT WOS:000339902600004 PM 25057814 ER PT J AU Bonnaillie, LM Zhang, H Akkurt, S Yam, KL Tomasula, PM AF Bonnaillie, Laetitia M. Zhang, Han Akkurt, Serife Yam, Kit L. Tomasula, Peggy M. TI Casein Films: The Effects of Formulation, Environmental Conditions and the Addition of Citric Pectin on the Structure and Mechanical Properties SO POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE high-methoxyl pectin; milk protein; edible film; food packaging ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; MILK PROTEIN FILMS; EDIBLE FILMS; CO2-PRECIPITATED CASEIN; BARRIER PROPERTIES; SODIUM CASEINATE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; CROSS-LINKING; ACID AB Thin casein films for food packaging applications reportedly possess good strength and low oxygen permeability, but low elasticity and high sensitivity to moisture. Modifying the films to target specific behaviors depending on environmental conditions can enable a variety of commercial applications for casein-based films. The mechanical properties of solvent-cast (15% solids) calcium-caseinate/glycerol films (CaCas: Gly ratio of 3: 1) were characterized as a function of processing and environmental conditions, including film thickness, solution formulation and ambient humidity (from 22% to 70% relative humidity (RH) at similar to 20 degrees C). At constant RH, the elongation at break (EAB) had a strong positive dependence on the film thickness. When RH increased, the tensile strength (TS) and modulus (E) decreased approximately linearly, while EAB increased. From 0.05% to 1% (w/w) of citric pectin (CP) was then incorporated into CaCas/Gly films following seven different formulations (mixing sequences), to alter the protein network and to evaluate the effects of CP on the tensile properties of CaCas/Gly/CP films. At constant film thickness and similar to 60% RH, the addition of 0.1% or 1.0% CP to the films considerably increased or decreased EAB, TS and E in different directions and to different extents, depending on the formulation, while optical micrographs also showed vastly differing network configurations, suggesting complex formulation- and stoichiometry-dependent casein-pectin interactions within the dried films. Depending on the desired film properties and utilization conditions, pectin may be a useful addition to casein film formulations for food packaging applications. C1 [Bonnaillie, Laetitia M.; Tomasula, Peggy M.] ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Zhang, Han; Akkurt, Serife; Yam, Kit L.] Rutgers Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Bonnaillie, LM (reprint author), ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM laetitia.bonnaillie@ars.usda.gov; zhwd1990@sina.com; serifeakkurt.07@gmail.com; yam@aesop.rutgers.edu; peggy.tomasula@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 46 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4360 J9 POLYMERS-BASEL JI Polymers PD JUL PY 2014 VL 6 IS 7 BP 2018 EP 2036 DI 10.3390/polym6072018 PG 19 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AM6QL UT WOS:000339989600009 ER PT J AU Wells, MS Reberg-Horton, SC Mirsky, SB AF Wells, M. Scott Reberg-Horton, S. Chris Mirsky, Steven B. TI Cultural Strategies for Managing Weeds and Soil Moisture in Cover Crop Based No-Till Soybean Production SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cereal rye cover crop; conservation-tillage; no-till; organic soybean; roll-kill; roller-crimper; rotational no-till; soil moisture ID ORGANIC CORN PRODUCTION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; ROLLER-CRIMPER; UNITED-STATES; PLANT-POPULATION; SEEDING RATE; GLYCINE-MAX; NARROW-ROW; YIELD; MANAGEMENT AB A four site-year study was conducted in North Carolina to evaluate the effects of soybean planting timing and row spacing on soil moisture, weed density, soybean lodging, and yield in a cover crop-based no-till organic soybean production system. Soybean planting timing included roll-kill/planting and roll-kill/delayed planting where soybean planting occurred either on the same day or approximately 2 wk later, respectively. Soybean row spacing included 19, 38, and 76 cm, and all treatments included a weedy check and weed-free treatment. Rye biomass production averaged above 10,000 kg ha(-1) dry matter, which resulted in good weed control across all sites. Despite having good weed control throughout all treatments, weed coverage was highest in the 76-cm row-space treatment when compared to both the 19-cm and 38-cm row spacing in two of the four site-years. Soybean lodging is a potential consequence of no-till planting of soybeans in high residue mulches, and of the three row spacings, the 19-cm spacing exhibited the greatest incidence of lodging. Row spacing also influenced soybean yield; the 19- and 38-cm row spacing out yielded the 76-cm spacing by 10%. Soil volumetric water content (VWC) was higher in the cereal rye mulch treatments compared to the no rye checks. Furthermore, delaying soybean planting lowered soil water evaporation. However, the increased soil VWC in the rolled-rye treatment did not translate into increased soybean yield. The rolled-rye treatment exhibited significant (P < 0.01) increases in oil VWC when compared to the no-rye treatment at three of the four site-years. These results highlight planting date flexibility and potential risk to lodging that producers face when no-till planting organic soybeans. C1 [Wells, M. Scott] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reberg-Horton, S. Chris] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mirsky, Steven B.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Reberg-Horton, SC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chris_reberg-horton@ncsu.edu OI Wells, M. Scott/0000-0001-9753-7792 NR 51 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 51 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 62 IS 3 BP 501 EP 511 DI 10.1614/WS-D-13-00142.1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AN1NM UT WOS:000340350600009 ER PT J AU DeDecker, JJ Masiunas, JB Davis, AS Flint, CG AF DeDecker, James J. Masiunas, John B. Davis, Adam S. Flint, Courtney G. TI Weed Management Practice Selection Among Midwest U.S. Organic Growers SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cluster analysis; decision-making; integrated weed management; logistic regression analysis ID TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION; CROPPING SYSTEMS; IPM; CHALLENGES AB Organic agricultural systems increase the complexity of weed management, leading organic farmers to cite weeds as one of the greatest barriers to organic production. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) systems have been developed to address the ecological implications of weeds and weed management in cropping systems, but adoption is minimal. Organic agriculture offers a favorable context for application of IWM, as both approaches are motivated by concern for environmental quality and agricultural sustainability. However, adoption of IWM on organic farms is poorly understood due to limited data on weed management practices used, absence of an IWM adoption metric, and insufficient consideration given to the unique farming contexts within which weed management decisions are made. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) characterize organic weed management systems; (2) identify motivations for, and barriers to, selection of weed management practices; and (3) generate guiding principles for effective targeting of weed management outreach. We surveyed Midwestern organic growers to determine how specified psychosocial, demographic, and farm structure factors influence selection of weed management practices. Cluster analysis of the data detected three disparate, yet scaled, approaches to organic weed management. Clusters were distinguished by perspective regarding weeds and the number of weed management practices used. Categorization of individual farms within the identified approaches was influenced by primary farm products as well as farmer education, years farming, and information-seeking behavior. The proposed conceptual model allows weed management educators to target outreach for enhanced compatibility of farming contexts and weed management technologies. C1 [DeDecker, James J.; Davis, Adam S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Masiunas, John B.] USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. [Flint, Courtney G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP DeDecker, JJ (reprint author), 106 E Huron Ave, Rogers City, MI 49779 USA. EM dedecke5@msu.edu NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 41 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 62 IS 3 BP 520 EP 531 DI 10.1614/WS-D-13-00138.1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA AN1NM UT WOS:000340350600011 ER PT J AU Dunn, TN Adams, SH AF Dunn, Tamara N. Adams, Sean H. TI Relations between Metabolic Homeostasis, Diet, and Peripheral Afferent Neuron Biology SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Review ID GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; OBESE ZUCKER RATS; DORSAL-ROOT GANGLION; HIGH-FAT DIET; SENSORY NERVE DESENSITIZATION; SMALL FIBER NEUROPATHY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIABETIC-NEUROPATHY AB It is well established that food intake behavior and energy balance are regulated by crosstalk between peripheral organ systems and the central nervous system (CNS), for instance, through the actions of peripherally derived leptin on hindbrain and hypothalamic loci. Diet- or obesity-associated disturbances in metabolic and hormonal signals to the CNS can perturb metabolic homeostasis bodywide. Although interrelations between metabolic status and diet with CNS biology are well characterized, afferent networks (those sending information to the CNS from the periphery) have received far less attention. It is increasingly appreciated that afferent neurons in adipose tissue, the intestines, liver, and other tissues are important controllers of energy balance and feeding behavior. Disruption in their signaling may have consequences for cardiovascular, pancreatic, adipose, and immune function. This review discusses the diverse ways that afferent neurons participate in metabolic homeostasis and highlights how changes in their function associate with dysmetabolic states, such as obesity and insulin resistance. C1 [Dunn, Tamara N.; Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Nutr Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunn, Tamara N.; Adams, Sean H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA USA. [Adams, Sean H.] USDA ARS, Obes & Metab Res Unit, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Adams, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Nutr Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service Projects [5306-51530-016-00D, 5306-51530-019-00]; National Dairy Council; Vitamin Cases Consumer Settlement Fund [CHNR08-801] FX Funding relevant to peripheral neuron research by the coauthors includes the following: intramural USDA-Agricultural Research Service Projects 5306-51530-016-00D and 5306-51530-019-00, the National Dairy Council (grant administered by the Dairy Research Institute), and the Vitamin Cases Consumer Settlement Fund CHNR08-801 (to S H A.). NR 117 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 EI 2156-5376 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 5 IS 4 BP 386 EP 393 DI 10.3945/an.113.005439 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AM1XT UT WOS:000339643300002 PM 25022988 ER PT J AU Myers, RJ Johnson, SR Helmar, M Baumes, H AF Myers, Robert J. Johnson, Stanley R. Helmar, Michael Baumes, Harry TI Long-run and Short-run Co-movements in Energy Prices and the Prices of Agricultural Feedstocks for Biofuel SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Biofuels; commodity prices; co-movement; energy prices ID COMMODITY PRICES; NUISANCE PARAMETER; EXCHANGE-RATE; TAX CREDIT; TRENDS; COINTEGRATION; DECOMPOSITION; HYPOTHESIS; PERMANENT; ECONOMICS AB Recent expansions in biofuel production have led to concerns about an emerging "new relationship" between energy prices and the prices of agricultural feedstock for biofuel. We provide new econometric evidence on this relationship using common trend-common cycle decompositions to estimate long-run and short-run co-movement across various energy and agricultural prices. We also test for the presence of regime changes that may alter the relationship between energy and agricultural feedstock prices under certain conditions. We find that co-movements between energy and agricultural feedstock prices tend to dissipate in the long-run, which has important implications for biofuel and food policy. C1 [Myers, Robert J.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, Stanley R.] Natl Ctr Food & Agr Policy, Washington, DC USA. [Helmar, Michael] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Baumes, Harry] USDA, Off Energy Policy & New Uses, Off Chief Economist, Washington, DC USA. RP Myers, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM myersr@msu.edu FU USDA Cooperative Agreement FX Robert J. Myers is a University Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University. Stanley R. Johnson is the Board Chair of the National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy. Michael Helmar is a research scientist at the University of Nevada, Reno. Harry Baumes is the Director of the Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, Office of the Chief Economist at the USDA. This research was supported by a USDA Cooperative Agreement. Without implicating them in any way we would like to thank Harry de Gorter, GianCarlo Moschini, and seminar participants at the USDA Office of Energy Policy and New Uses for helpful comments and insights. Any errors or omissions remain ours. Correspondence may be sent to: myersr@msu.edu. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 96 IS 4 BP 991 EP 1008 DI 10.1093/ajae/aau003 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA AM6BZ UT WOS:000339947300003 ER PT J AU Key, N Sneeringer, S AF Key, Nigel Sneeringer, Stacy TI Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Productivity of U.S. Dairies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; dairy; heat stress; productivity; stochastic frontier; technical efficiency ID HEAT-STRESS; TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY; MILK-PRODUCTION; TECHNOLOGY CHOICE; UNITED-STATES; FLUID MILK; PANEL-DATA; FARMS; COWS; TEMPERATURE AB In the United States, climate change is likely to increase average daily temperatures and the frequency of heat waves, which can reduce meat and milk production in animals. Methods that livestock producers use to mitigate thermal stress-including modifications to animal management or housing-tend to increase production costs. We use operation-level economic data coupled with finely-scaled climate data to estimate how the local thermal environment affects the technical efficiency of dairies across the United States. We then use this information to estimate the possible decline in milk production in 2030 resulting from climate change-induced heat stress under the simplifying assumptions that the production technology, location of production, and other factors are held constant. For four climate model scenarios, the results indicate modest heat-stress-related production declines by 2030, with the largest declines occurring in the southern states. C1 [Key, Nigel; Sneeringer, Stacy] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Key, N (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM nkey@ers.usda.gov NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1136 EP 1156 DI 10.1093/ajae/aau002 PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA AM6BZ UT WOS:000339947300011 ER PT J AU Celis, R Adelino, MA Gamiz, B Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC Cornejo, J AF Celis, Rafael Angeles Adelino, M. Gamiz, Beatriz Carmen Hermosin, M. Koskinen, William C. Cornejo, Juan TI Nanohybrids of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide and long-chain (C18) unsaturated fatty acid anions: Structure and sorptive properties SO APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Adsorption; Bionanocomposites; Fatty acids; Hydrotalcite; Pesticides; Pollution ID HYDROTALCITE-LIKE COMPOUNDS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CALCINED HYDROTALCITE; BIMOLECULAR FILMS; METAL-HYDROXIDES; DODECYL-SULFATE; ORGANIC-MATTER; INTERCALATION; ADSORPTION; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Long-chain (C18) unsaturated fatty acid anions, elaidate (ELA), oleate (OLE), linoleate (LINO), and linolenate (LINOLEN), were intercalated into Mg/Al (3:1) layered double hydroxide (LDH) and the resultant organo-LDH nanohybrid materials were characterized and subsequently evaluated as sorbents of six pesticides (clopyralid, imazethapyr, diuron, atrazine, alachlor, and terbuthylazine). The effect of the degree (18:1, 18:2, 18:3) and type (cis/trans) of unsaturation in the fatty acid alkyl chain on both the structure and sorptive properties of the LDH-unsaturated fatty acid nanohybrids was determined. All fatty acid anions were readily intercalated into the LDH, yielding structures with basal spacing values ranging between 32 angstrom (LDH-LINOLEN) and 40 angstrom (LDH-ELA). The bend imposed by the cis geometry of the double bonds present in OLE, LINO and LINOLEN was identified as a major factor determining the arrangement of these anions in the LDH interlayer space. Intercalation of cis-unsaturated fatty acid anions led to less densely packed structures and reduced the interlayer distance of the resultant nanohybrid compared to the structures resulting from intercalation of the linear, trans-unsaturated elaidate anion. All organo-LDHs displayed higher affinity to uncharged pesticides as compared to unmodified LDH, but double bonds in the fatty acid alkyl chain, particularly when present in cis configuration, reduced the affinity of the organo-LDHs to all pesticides, presumably because they led to structures with reduced hydrophobicity as compared to those resulting from the incorporation of linear organic anions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Celis, Rafael; Angeles Adelino, M.; Gamiz, Beatriz; Carmen Hermosin, M.; Cornejo, Juan] CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, E-41080 Seville, Spain. [Koskinen, William C.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Celis, R (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, Ave Reina Mercedes 10,Apartado 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain. EM rcelis@irnase.csic.es RI Celis, Rafael/D-8074-2012; Gamiz, Beatriz/R-3990-2016; OI Celis, Rafael/0000-0002-0548-0774; Gamiz, Beatriz/0000-0002-7244-778X; Hermosin, M. Carmen/0000-0002-5711-5947 FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO Project) [AGL2011-23779]; Junta de Andalucia [P07-AGR-03077, P11-AGR-7400, AGR-264]; European FEDER-FSE funds; MINECO FX This work has been financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO Project AGL2011-23779) and Junta de Andalucia (JA Projects P07-AGR-03077 and P11-AGR-7400 and Research Group AGR-264), cofinanced with European FEDER-FSE funds (Operative Program 2007-2013). B. Garniz thanks JA for a post-doctoral contract linked to the project P07-AGR-03077. M.A. Adelino thanks MINECO for her pre-doctoral FPI fellowship. The authors thank Dr. F. Bruna for his help in the sample preparation. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1317 EI 1872-9053 J9 APPL CLAY SCI JI Appl. Clay Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 96 SI SI BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.clay.2014.03.026 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy GA AM0LQ UT WOS:000339537500012 ER PT J AU Fox, GA Felice, RG Midgley, TL Wilson, GV Al-Madhhachi, AST AF Fox, Garey A. Felice, Rachel G. Midgley, Taber L. Wilson, Glenn V. Al-Madhhachi, Abdul-Sahib T. TI Laboratory soil piping and internal erosion experiments: evaluation of a soil piping model for low-compacted soils SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE groundwater seepage; internal erosion; jet erosion test; piping; soil erodibility ID SEEPAGE EROSION; ERODIBILITY; SEDIMENT; PIPEFLOW; PREDICTION; STABILITY; FAILURE; SCOUR; TESTS; FLOW AB Mechanistic models have been proposed for soil piping and internal erosion on well-compacted levees and dams, but limited research has evaluated these models in less compacted (more erodible) soils typical of hillslopes and streambanks. This study utilized a soil box (50 cm long, 50 cm wide and 20 cm tall) to conduct constant-head, soil pipe and internal erosion experiments for two soils (clay loam from Dry Creek and sandy loam from Cow Creek streambanks) packed at uniform bulk densities. Initial gravimetric moisture contents prior to packing were 10, 12 and 14% for Dry Creek soil and 8, 12, and 14% for Cow Creek soil. A 1-cm diameter rod was placed horizontally along the length of the soil bed during packing and carefully removed after packing to create a continuous soil pipe. A constant head was maintained at the inflow end. Flow rates and sediment concentrations were measured from the pipe outlet. Replicate submerged jet erosion tests (JETs) were conducted to derive erodibility parameters for repacked samples at the same moisture contents. Flow rates from the box experiments were used to calibrate the mechanistic model. The influence of the initial moisture content was apparent, with some pipes (8% moisture content) expanding so fast that limited data was collected. The mechanistic model was able to estimate equivalent flow rates to those observed in the experiments, but had difficulty matching observed sediment concentrations when the pipes rapidly expanded. The JETs predicted similar erodibility coefficients compared to the mechanistic model for the more erodible cases but not for the less erodible cases (14% moisture content). Improved models are needed that better define the changing soil pipe cross-section during supply-and transport-limited internal erosion, especially for piping through lower compacted (more erodible) soils as opposed to more well-compacted soils resulting from constructing levees and dams. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Fox, Garey A.; Felice, Rachel G.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Felice, Rachel G.] US Army Corps Engineers, Tulsa, OK USA. [Midgley, Taber L.] Civil & Environm Consultants Inc, Raynham, MA USA. [Wilson, Glenn V.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. [Al-Madhhachi, Abdul-Sahib T.] Al Mustansiriya Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Environm Engn, Baghdad, Iraq. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, 120 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM garey.fox@okstate.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0943491]; NSF FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. 0943491 and a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. The authors acknowledge Mr David Criswell and Mrs Kelsey Criswell for performing soil characterization tests. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1137 EP 1145 DI 10.1002/esp.3508 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AL9BW UT WOS:000339435600001 ER PT J AU Kling, CL Panagopoulos, Y Rabotyagov, SS Valcu, AM Gassman, PW Campbell, T White, MJ Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R Jha, MK Richardson, JJ Moskal, LM Turner, RE Rabalais, NN AF Kling, Catherine L. Panagopoulos, Yiannis Rabotyagov, Sergey S. Valcu, Adriana M. Gassman, Philip W. Campbell, Todd White, Michael J. Arnold, Jeffrey G. Srinivasan, Raghavan Jha, Manoj K. Richardson, Jeffrey J. Moskal, L. Monika Turner, R. Eugene Rabalais, Nancy N. TI LUMINATE: linking agricultural land use, local water quality and Gulf of Mexico hypoxia SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE integrate modelling; land use change; Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia; LUMINATE; water quality ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; PREDICTING SUMMER HYPOXIA; COVER CROPS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; CONSERVATION PRACTICES; NITROGEN LOAD; NITRATE FLUX; COASTAL; MODEL AB In this paper, we discuss the importance of developing integrated assessment models to support the design and implementation of policies to address water quality problems associated with agricultural pollution. We describe a new modelling system, LUMINATE, which links land use decisions made at the field scale in the Upper Mississippi, Ohio and Tennessee Basins through both environmental and hydrological components to downstream water quality effects and hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. This modelling system can be used to analyse detailed policy scenarios identifying the costs of the policies and their resulting benefits for improved local and regional water quality. We demonstrate the model's capabilities with a simple scenario where cover crops are incentivised with green payments over a large expanse of the watershed. C1 [Kling, Catherine L.; Panagopoulos, Yiannis; Valcu, Adriana M.; Gassman, Philip W.; Campbell, Todd] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rabotyagov, Sergey S.; Richardson, Jeffrey J.; Moskal, L. Monika] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [White, Michael J.; Arnold, Jeffrey G.] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX USA. [Srinivasan, Raghavan] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Jha, Manoj K.] North Carolina A&T State Univ, Greensboro, NC USA. [Turner, R. Eugene] Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Turner, R. Eugene] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Turner, R. Eugene] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rabalais, Nancy N.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, KY USA. RP Valcu, AM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM amvalcu@iastate.edu RI Moskal, L. Monika/F-8715-2010; Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 OI Moskal, L. Monika/0000-0003-1563-6506; FU National Science Foundation; Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program [DEB-1010259]; USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative [2011-68005-30411, 2011-68002-30190] FX The work reported in this paper was supported by the National Science Foundation, Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program, award DEB-1010259 and USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative grants #2011-68005-30411 and 2011-68002-30190. NR 88 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 54 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0165-1587 EI 1464-3618 J9 EUR REV AGRIC ECON JI Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 41 IS 3 SI SI BP 431 EP 459 DI 10.1093/erae/jbu009 PG 29 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA AM2GA UT WOS:000339666700005 ER PT J AU Jeuck, JA Cubbage, FW Abt, RC Bardon, RE McCarter, JB Coulston, JW Renkow, MA AF Jeuck, James A. Cubbage, Frederick W. Abt, Robert C. Bardon, Robert E. McCarter, James B. Coulston, John W. Renkow, Mitch A. TI Assessing Independent Variables Used in Econometric Modeling Forest Land Use or Land Cover Change: A Meta-Analysis SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE forestland use change; meta-analysis; econometric modeling ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; RURAL-URBAN FRINGE; OPEN SPACE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; AGRICULTURAL LAND; USE CONVERSION; DETERMINANTS; URBANIZATION; TIMBERLAND AB We conducted a meta-analysis on 64 econometric models from 47 studies predicting forestland conversion to agriculture (F2A), forestland to development (F2D), forestland to non-forested (F2NF) and undeveloped (including forestland) to developed (U2D) land. Over 250 independent econometric variables were identified from 21 F2A models, 21 F2D models, 12 F2NF models, and 10 U2D models. These variables were organized into a hierarchy of 119 independent variable groups, 15 categories, and 4 econometric drivers suitable for conducting simple vote count statistics. Vote counts were summarized at the independent variable group level and formed into ratios estimating the predictive success of each variable group. Two ratios estimates were developed based on (1) proportion of times the independent variables had statistical significance and (2) proportion of times independent variables met the original study authors' expectations. In F2D models, we confirmed the success of popular independent variables such as population, income, and urban proximity estimates but found timber rents and site productivity variables less successful. In F2A models, we confirmed success of popular explanatory variables such as forest and agricultural rents and costs, governmental programs, and site quality, but we found population, income, and urban proximity estimates less successful. In U2D models, successful independent variables found were urban rents and costs, zoning issues concerning forestland loss, site quality, urban proximity, population, and income. In F2NF models, we found poor success using timber rents but high success using agricultural rents, site quality, population, and income. Success ratios and discussion of new or less popular, but promising, variables was also included. This meta-analysis provided insight into the general success of econometric independent variables for future forest-use or -cover change research. C1 [Jeuck, James A.; Bardon, Robert E.] N Carolina State Univ, NCSU Extens Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cubbage, Frederick W.; Abt, Robert C.; Bardon, Robert E.; McCarter, James B.; Coulston, John W.] N Carolina State Univ, NCSU Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Coulston, John W.] US Forest Serv, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Renkow, Mitch A.] NCSU Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Jeuck, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, NCSU Extens Forestry, Campus Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jajeuck@ncsu.edu; fred_cubbage@ncsu.edu; bob_abt@ncsu.edu; rebardon@ncsu.edu; james_mccarter@ncsu.edu; jwcouls1@ncsu.edu; mitch_renkow@ncsu.edu OI Bardon, Robert/0000-0002-0208-9905 NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 24 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD JUL PY 2014 VL 5 IS 7 BP 1532 EP 1564 DI 10.3390/f5071532 PG 33 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AM6QO UT WOS:000339989900002 ER PT J AU Lowell, EC Maguire, DA Briggs, DG Turnblom, EC Jayawickrama, KJS Bryce, J AF Lowell, Eini C. Maguire, Douglas A. Briggs, David G. Turnblom, Eric C. Jayawickrama, Keith J. S. Bryce, Jed TI Effects of Silviculture and Genetics on Branch/Knot Attributes of Coastal Pacific Northwest Douglas-Fir and Implications for Wood Quality-A Synthesis SO FORESTS LA English DT Review DE Douglas-fir; wood quality; silviculture; branch; genetics ID NORWAY SPRUCE; STEM FORM; BRANCHES; GROWTH; DIAMETER; TRAITS; SIZE; FERTILIZATION; BRANCHINESS; PLANTATIONS AB Douglas-fir is the most commercially important timber species in the US Pacific Northwest due to its ecological prevalence and its superior wood attributes, especially strength and stiffness properties that make it highly prized for structural applications. Its economic significance has led to extensive establishment and management of plantations over the last few decades. Cultural treatments and genetic improvement designed to increase production of utilizable wood volume also impact tree morphology and wood properties. Many of these impacts are mediated by crown development, particularly the amount and distribution of foliage and size and geometry of branches. Natural selection for branch architecture that optimizes reproductive fitness may not necessarily be optimal for stem volume growth rate or for wood properties controlling the quality of manufactured solid wood products. Furthermore, Douglas-fir does not self-prune within the rotation lengths currently practiced. This paper synthesizes extensive Douglas-fir research in the Pacific Northwest addressing: (1) the effects of silviculture and genetics on branch structure and associated consequences for wood quality and the product value chain; and (2) methods to measure, monitor, modify, and model branch attributes to assist managers in selecting appropriate silvicultural techniques to achieve wood quality objectives and improve the value of their Douglas-fir resource. C1 [Lowell, Eini C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Maguire, Douglas A.; Jayawickrama, Keith J. S.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Briggs, David G.; Turnblom, Eric C.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bryce, Jed] Timberland Appraisal Inc, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lowell, EC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM elowell@fs.fed.us; doug.maguire@oregonstate.edu; dbriggs@u.washington.edu; ect@u.washington.edu; Keith.jayawickrama@oregonstate.edu; jbryce@timberlandappraisal.com FU Northwest Tree Improvement Cooperative (NWTIC); NWTIC FX The authors would like to thank all those who reviewed this manuscript and provided valuable input to its content. Genetic parameters for forking and ramicorn branching were estimated by Terrance Ye (Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University) with funding from the Northwest Tree Improvement Cooperative (NWTIC). The NWTIC also funded KJSJ's time working on this paper. Jed Bryce and Eric Turnblom were partially supported by the Stand Management Cooperative, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington for their contributions to this paper. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD JUL PY 2014 VL 5 IS 7 BP 1717 EP 1736 DI 10.3390/f5071717 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AM6QO UT WOS:000339989900011 ER PT J AU Gracia, A Elcoroaristizabal, X Fernandez-Quintela, A Miranda, J Bediaga, NG de Pancorbo, MM Rimando, AM Portillo, MP AF Gracia, Ana Elcoroaristizabal, Xabier Fernandez-Quintela, Alfredo Miranda, Jonatan Bediaga, Naiara G. de Pancorbo, Marian M. Rimando, Agnes M. Portillo, Maria P. TI Fatty acid synthase methylation levels in adipose tissue: effects of an obesogenic diet and phenol compounds SO GENES AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Obesogenic diet; Resveratrol; Pterostilbene; Methylation; Fatty acid synthase ID OBESE ZUCKER RATS; DNA METHYLATION; EPIGENETIC CHANGES; GENE-EXPRESSION; BINDING-SITES; SUCROSE DIET; WISTAR RATS; BODY-FAT; RESVERATROL; CANCER AB DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that can inhibit gene transcription. The aim of this study was to assess changes induced by an obesogenic diet in the methylation profile of genes involved in adipose tissue triacylglycerol metabolism, and to determine whether this methylation pattern can be altered by resveratrol and pterostilbene. Rats were divided into four groups. The control group was fed a commercial standard diet, and the other three groups were fed a commercial high-fat, high-sucrose diet (6 weeks): the high-fat, high-sucrose group, the resveratrol-treated group (RSV; 30 mg/kg/day), and the pterostilbene-treated group (PT; 30 mg/kg/day). Gene expression was measured by RT-PCR and gene methylation by pyrosequencing. The obesogenic diet induced a significant increase in adipose tissue weight. Resveratrol and pterostilbene partially prevented this effect. Methylation pattern of ppnla2 and pparg genes was similar among the experimental groups. In fasn, significant hypomethylation in -90-bp position and significant hypermethylation in -62-bp position were induced by obesogenic feeding. Only pterostilbene reversed the changes induced by the obesogenic diet in fasn methylation pattern. By contrast, the addition of resveratrol to the diet did not induce changes. Both phenolic compounds averted fasn up-regulation. These results demonstrate that the up-regulation of fasn gene induced by an obesogenic feeding, based on a high-fat, high-sucrose diet, is related to hypomethylation of this gene in position -90 bp. Under our experimental conditions, both molecules prevent fasn up-regulation, but this change in gene expression seems to be mediated by changes in methylation status only in the case of pterostilbene. C1 [Gracia, Ana; Fernandez-Quintela, Alfredo; Miranda, Jonatan; Portillo, Maria P.] Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Fac Farm, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Nutr & Obes Grp, Vitoria 01006, Spain. [Gracia, Ana; Fernandez-Quintela, Alfredo; Miranda, Jonatan; Portillo, Maria P.] Inst Hlth Carlos III, CIBERobn Physiopathol Obes & Nutr, Madrid, Spain. [Elcoroaristizabal, Xabier; Bediaga, Naiara G.; de Pancorbo, Marian M.] Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Ctr Invest Lascaray Ikergunea, BIOMICs Res Grp, Vitoria 01006, Spain. [Rimando, Agnes M.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. RP Portillo, MP (reprint author), Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Fac Farm, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Nutr & Obes Grp, Paseo Univ 7, Vitoria 01006, Spain. EM mariapuy.portillo@ehu.es RI Miranda, Jonatan/L-4511-2014; OI Miranda, Jonatan/0000-0002-5484-2671; MARTINEZ DE PANCORBO, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES/0000-0002-7408-6068; PORTILLO BAQUEDANO, MARIA PUY/0000-0003-2290-592X; Fernandez-Quintela, Alfredo/0000-0003-2709-4118; M. de Pancorbo, Marian/0000-0002-8081-0702 FU Government of the Basque Country (PTERORES) [S-E 12N24, IT-51213]; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [AGL2011-27406-ALI]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERobn); University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) [ELDUNANOTEK UFI11/32]; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (UPV/EHU) FX This study was supported by grants from Government of the Basque Country (PTERORES, S-E 12N24 and IT-51213), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (AGL2011-27406-ALI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERobn), and University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (ELDUNANOTEK UFI11/32). Ana Gracia is a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (UPV/EHU). NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1555-8932 EI 1865-3499 J9 GENES NUTR JI Genes Nutr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR 411 DI 10.1007/s12263-014-0411-9 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AM4FN UT WOS:000339808800008 PM 24903834 ER PT J AU Morine, MJ Monteiro, JP Wise, C Teitel, C Pence, L Williams, A Ning, BT McCabe-Sellers, B Champagne, C Turner, J Shelby, B Bogle, M Beger, RD Priami, C Kaput, J AF Morine, Melissa J. Monteiro, Jacqueline Pontes Wise, Carolyn Teitel, Candee Pence, Lisa Williams, Anna Ning, Baitang McCabe-Sellers, Beverly Champagne, Catherine Turner, Jerome Shelby, Beatrice Bogle, Margaret Beger, Richard D. Priami, Corrado Kaput, Jim TI Genetic associations with micronutrient levels identified in immune and gastrointestinal networks SO GENES AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Systems nutrition; Community-based participatory research; Genetic analysis; Network analysis ID SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; NUTRIGENOMICS; GENOMICS; DISEASE; INDIVIDUALITY; MALNUTRITION; ARCHITECTURE; METAANALYSIS; NUTRITION AB The discovery of vitamins and clarification of their role in preventing frank essential nutrient deficiencies occurred in the early 1900s. Much vitamin research has understandably focused on public health and the effects of single nutrients to alleviate acute conditions. The physiological processes for maintaining health, however, are complex systems that depend upon interactions between multiple nutrients, environmental factors, and genetic makeup. To analyze the relationship between these factors and nutritional health, data were obtained from an observational, community-based participatory research program of children and teens (age 6-14) enrolled in a summer day camp in the Delta region of Arkansas. Assessments of erythrocyte S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and 6 organic micronutrients (retinol, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, pyridoxal, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin E), and 1,129 plasma proteins were performed at 3 time points in each of 2 years. Genetic makeup was analyzed with 1 M SNP genotyping arrays, and nutrient status was assessed with 24-h dietary intake questionnaires. A pattern of metabolites (met_PC1) that included the ratio of erythrocyte SAM/SAH, Hcy, and 5 vitamins were identified by principal component analysis. Met_C1 levels were significantly associated with (1) single-nucleotide polymorphisms, (2) levels of plasma proteins, and (3) multilocus genotypes coding for gastrointestinal and immune functions, as identified in a global network of metabolic/protein-protein interactions. Subsequent mining of data from curated pathway, network, and genome-wide association studies identified genetic and functional relationships that may be explained by gene-nutrient interactions. The systems nutrition strategy described here has thus associated a multivariate metabolite pattern in blood with genes involved in immune and gastrointestinal functions. C1 [Morine, Melissa J.; Priami, Corrado] Microsoft Res Univ Trento, Ctr Computat & Syst Biol COSBI, Rovereto, Italy. [Morine, Melissa J.; Priami, Corrado] Univ Trento, Dept Math, Trento, Italy. [Monteiro, Jacqueline Pontes] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Nutr & Metab, Dept Pediat, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. [Wise, Carolyn; Teitel, Candee; Williams, Anna; Ning, Baitang] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Food & Drug Adm NCTR FDA, Div Personalized Nutr & Med, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Pence, Lisa; Beger, Richard D.] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Food & Drug Adm, Div Syst Biol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [McCabe-Sellers, Beverly; Bogle, Margaret] ARS, USDA, Delta Obes Prevent Res Unit, Little Rock, AR USA. [Champagne, Catherine] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Turner, Jerome; Shelby, Beatrice] Boys Girls & Adults Community Dev Ctr, Marvell, AR USA. [Turner, Jerome; Shelby, Beatrice] Phillips Cty Community Partners, Marvell, AR USA. [Kaput, Jim] Nestle Inst Hlth Sci, Syst Nutr & Hlth Unit, Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Kaput, J (reprint author), Nestle Inst Hlth Sci, Syst Nutr & Hlth Unit, Lausanne, Switzerland. EM jacque160165@gmail.com; James.Kaput@rd.nestle.com RI Monteiro, Jacqueline/F-6987-2012 FU Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine at the US FDA National Center for Toxicological Research (Jefferson, AR); USDA Agricultural Research Service Delta Obesity Prevention Research Unit (Little Rock, AR); Nestle Institute of Health Sciences (Lausanne, Switzerland); Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine at the US FDA National Center for Toxicological Research (Jefferson AR) FX This research was funded by the Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine at the US FDA National Center for Toxicological Research (Jefferson, AR), the USDA Agricultural Research Service Delta Obesity Prevention Research Unit (Little Rock, AR), and the Nestle Institute of Health Sciences (Lausanne, Switzerland). The research team gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the Phillips County community members in the Marvell (AR) School District for their participation in this research. This research was funded by the Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine at the US FDA National Center for Toxicological Research (Jefferson AR), the USDA Agricultural Research Service Delta Obesity Prevention Research Unit (Little Rock, AR), and the Nestle Institute of Health Sciences (Lausanne, Switzerland). We thank Donna Mendrick, Li-Rong Yu, and Ritchie Feurs for critically reading this manuscript. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1555-8932 EI 1865-3499 J9 GENES NUTR JI Genes Nutr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR 408 DI 10.1007/s12263-014-0408-4 PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AM4FN UT WOS:000339808800005 PM 24879315 ER PT J AU Wood, BW AF Wood, Bruce W. TI "Late Winter/Early Spring" Xylem Sap Characteristics Influence Pecan Crop Load SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alternate bearing; nutrition; production; sucrose; sugar; xylem sap; yield ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ALTERNATE-BEARING; FLORAL INITIATION; FALL DEFOLIATION; DORMANT MAPLE; RETURN BLOOM; CARBOHYDRATE; TREES; SUGAR; FLOW AB Alternate bearing (AB) by individual trees is a major biological problem faced by pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] nut producers. The linkage between flowering and subsequent cropload with xylem sap characteristics at the time of floral bud swelling and expansion is unknown. Multiyear field studies of mature 'Cheyenne' and 'Moneymaker' trees, in "on" or "off" phases of AB, were evaluated regarding this linkage. Xylem sap flowing from trunks of 'Cheyenne' trees just before, and at the time of, budbreak (i.e., "late winter/early spring") consisted of a variety of simple sugars. These were hexoses (fructose and glucose), a disaccharide (sucrose), polysaccharides (raffinose and stachyose), and sugar alcohols (xylitol and sorbitol). Sucrose was the overwhelmingly dominant simple carbohydrate at this growth stage, comprising 55% to 75% of the total molar composition, regardless of tree bearing status or sampling time during the seasonal transition from late winter to early spring as buds swell, break, and begin to produce shoots and flowers. Both sap flow volume and concentration of individual carbohydrates were much greater in "on" phase than "off" phase trees. "On" phase xylem sap contained approximate to 19.9-fold more sucrose than sap from "off' phase trees. The concentration of all sap carbohydrates was much greater at flow inception, declining quickly as buds transition from "bud swell" to "budbreak" and subsequent "shoot growth." Depending on crop year, individual "on" phase 'Cheyenne' trees (approximate to 25 years old) exhibited flow volumes 5.5- to 20.2-fold greater than "off" phase trees. In-shell nut yield by both 'Cheyenne' and 'Moneymaker' trees (110 years old) increased hyperbolically with increasing "late winter/early spring" sap flow volume. Sap flow from 'Cheyenne' and 'Moneymaker' resulted in near maximum nut yield when flow volume per xylem tap peaked was at approximate to 10 L/tree and approximate to 15 L/tree, respectively, over a 16-day sampling period. These findings are suggestive that sucrose, and possibly other simple carbohydrates, moving acropetally toward axillary bud meristems of shoots during "late winter/early spring" at about the time of "bud swelling" influences the final phase of floral development and therefore subsequent cropload. C1 ARS, USDA, Southeastern Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Southeastern Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM Bruce.Wood@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 20 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2014 VL 49 IS 7 BP 886 EP 890 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AM4YU UT WOS:000339862900007 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF Bi, GH Bryla, DR Fuchigami, LH Regan, RP AF Scagel, Carolyn F. Bi, Guihong Bryla, David R. Fuchigami, Leslie H. Regan, Richard P. TI Irrigation Frequency during Container Production Alters Rhododendron Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Flowering after Transplanting into a Landscape SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE landscape performance; nursery production; nutrient uptake; water use ID WOODY ORNAMENTALS; NITROGEN UPTAKE; NURSERY PRODUCTION; PLANT-GROWTH; WATER-STRESS; SEEDLINGS; PERFORMANCE; SURVIVAL; REGIMES; STORAGE AB One deciduous cultivar of Rhododendron L., Gibraltar (AZ), and two evergreen cultivars, P.J.M. Compact (PJM) and English Roseum (ER), were grown in containers for 1 year to determine the effects of irrigation frequency during container production on plant performance the next spring when the plants were transplanted into the landscape. While in the containers, each cultivar was irrigated once or twice daily, using the same amount of water per day, and fertilized with complete nutrient solutions containing 0, 35, 70, or 140 mg.L-1, nitrogen (N). Three months after transplanting into the landscape, nutrient uptake, growth, and flowering were evaluated. In general, the effects of irrigation frequency in containers on performance in the landscape differed between the deciduous cultivar and the evergreen cultivars. In AZ, less frequent irrigation in containers had a pre-conditioning effect that resulted in greater vegetative growth in the landscape but less reproductive growth. In contrast, less frequent irrigation reduced vegetative growth of evergreen cultivars in the landscape and improved flowering. Different growth responses to irrigation frequency between deciduous and evergreen cultivars appeared to be related to differences in timing of nutrient uptake and mobilization. In the deciduous cultivar, less frequent irrigation increased nutrient reserves and improved the ability of the plants to absorb and use nutrients after transplanting, but in the evergreen cultivars, it generally decreased nutrient uptake after transplanting. Less frequent irrigation also altered plant attributes that are important to consumers, including developing a sparser canopy in ER and a fuller canopy in PJM, and producing more but smaller inflorescences in both cultivars. Landscape performance was related to plant nutrition in containers; however, irrigation frequency in containers disrupted relationships between nutrition and performance in all three cultivars. Our results indicate that irrigation frequency during container production of Rhododendron results in a tradeoff between vegetative and reproductive growth the next spring when the plants are in the landscape. C1 [Scagel, Carolyn F.; Bryla, David R.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Bi, Guihong] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Fuchigami, Leslie H.; Regan, Richard P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Carolyn.Scagel@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS-Northwest Center for Nursery Crop Research; Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation; American Rhododendron Society FX This work was funded, in part, by the USDA-ARS-Northwest Center for Nursery Crop Research, the Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation, and the American Rhododendron Society. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2014 VL 49 IS 7 BP 955 EP 960 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AM4YU UT WOS:000339862900017 ER PT J AU Rehrah, D Reddy, MR Novak, JM Bansode, RR Schimmel, KA Yu, J Watts, DW Ahmedna, M AF Rehrah, D. Reddy, M. R. Novak, J. M. Bansode, R. R. Schimmel, K. A. Yu, J. Watts, D. W. Ahmedna, M. TI Production and characterization of biochars from agricultural by-products for use in soil quality enhancement SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE Agricultural by-products; Pyrolysis; Biochar; Physicochemical characteristics ID GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBONS; ADSORPTION PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BLACK CARBON; PYROLYSIS; CHAR; SEQUESTRATION; NUTSHELLS; SHELLS; WOOD AB Byproducts are produced in significant amounts from crop residues such as pecan shells (PC), peanut shells (PS), and cotton gin (CG) trash. These residues can be used to produce biochar suitable for use in agricultural soil to sequester carbon and enhance plant growth by supplying and retaining nutrients while improving soil physical and biological properties. The objectives of this study were to produce biochars from different byproducts [PC, PS, CG, and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)] at different pyrolysis temperatures and residence times, and to evaluate the resulting biochar's physico-chemical properties [yield, ash, pH, total surface area (TSA), surface charge (SC), and electrical conductivity (EC)] and elemental composition. Feedstocks were pyrolyzed under N-2 at 3 temperatures (300, 500, and 750 degrees C) and residence times each (8, 16, and 24 h), (4, 8, and 12 h), and (1, 2, and 3 h), respectively, depending on the nature of the feedstock. Higher pyrolysis temperatures resulted in lower biochar recovery, greater TSA, higher pH, minimal SC, and higher ash contents. Among the eight biochars, switchgrass-derived biochar produced at 750 degrees C had the highest TSA (276 m(2) g(-1)) followed by PC biochar (185 m(2) g(-1)). Substantial increase in biochar pH (up to 9.8) occurred at the higher temperatures. Biochars produced at lower temperatures (350 degrees C) had measurable SC with PS biochar having the highest value (3.16 mmol H+ eq g(-1) C). The highest ash content was observed in CG (up to 34%) compared to other biochars which contained <10% ash. These soil-related properties suggest that different biochars types can be produced to selectively improve physicochemical properties of soil through selection of specific feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rehrah, D.; Ahmedna, M.] Qatar Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Doha, Qatar. [Bansode, R. R.] North Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Ctr Excellence Postharvest Technol, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA. [Yu, J.] North Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Novak, J. M.; Watts, D. W.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Reddy, M. R.] North Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Design, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Schimmel, K. A.] North Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Energy & Environm Syst, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Ahmedna, M (reprint author), Qatar Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Doha, Qatar. EM ahmedna@qu.edu.qa OI Ahmedna, Mohamed/0000-0001-8727-4300; Schimmel, Keith/0000-0002-4048-7250 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2010-38821-21572]; Agricultural Research Program at North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University FX This research was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) through grant #2010-38821-21572 and the Agricultural Research Program at North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University. Gratitude is expressed to Mr. Don Watts with the USDA-ARS-CPRC for assistance with feedstock collection and processing. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 EI 1873-250X J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD JUL PY 2014 VL 108 BP 301 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2014.03.008 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA AM1IF UT WOS:000339598900035 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Derner, JD Jackson, RB Wilsey, BJ Fay, PA AF Polley, H. Wayne Derner, Justin D. Jackson, Robert B. Wilsey, Brian J. Fay, Philip A. TI Impacts of climate change drivers on C-4 grassland productivity: scaling driver effects through the plant community SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review DE Atmospheric CO2 concentration; C-4 perennial grassland; evapotranspiration; exotic plants; plant community composition; pasture; precipitation; tallgrass prairie; transpiration efficiency; water-use efficiency ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SPECIES COMPOSITION; WATER RELATIONS; C-3/C-4 GRASSLAND; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GLOBAL CHANGE; GAS-EXCHANGE; SUBAMBIENT; PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION AB Climate change drivers affect plant community productivity via three pathways: (i) direct effects of drivers on plants; (ii) the response of species abundances to drivers (community response); and (iii) the feedback effect of community change on productivity (community effect). The contribution of each pathway to driver-productivity relationships depends on functional traits of dominant species. We used data from three experiments in Texas, USA, to assess the role of community dynamics in the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) response of C-4 grasslands to two climate drivers applied singly: atmospheric CO2 enrichment and augmented summer precipitation. The ANPP-driver response differed among experiments because community responses and effects differed. ANPP increased by 80-120 g m(-2) per 100 mu l l(-1) rise in CO2 in separate experiments with pasture and tallgrass prairie assemblages. Augmenting ambient precipitation by 128 mm during one summer month each year increased ANPP more in native than in exotic communities in a third experiment. The community effect accounted for 21-38% of the ANPP CO2 response in the prairie experiment but little of the response in the pasture experiment. The community response to CO2 was linked to species traits associated with greater soil water from reduced transpiration (e. g. greater height). Community effects on the ANPP CO2 response and the greater ANPP response of native than exotic communities to augmented precipitation depended on species differences in transpiration efficiency. These results indicate that feedbacks from community change influenced ANPP-driver responses. However, the species traits that regulated community effects on ANPP differed from the traits that determined how communities responded to drivers. C1 [Polley, H. Wayne; Fay, Philip A.] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Derner, Justin D.] ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Wilsey, Brian J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wayne.polley@ars.usda.gov OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 FU National Science Foundation [DEB0639417]; US Department of Energy (Program in Ecosystem Research) [ER64242] FX Chris Kolodziejczyk operated CO2 chambers. Field and laboratory assistance from Anne Gibson, Katherine Jones, Chris Kolodziejczyk, Alicia Naranjo, Kyle Tiner, and numerous students was invaluable in the MEND and CO2 experiments. Tim Dickson, Forest Isbell, Parker Knutson, Terri Beth Teaschner, and Anna Loan-Wilsey assisted with weeding and harvests of the MEND experiment. Funding for MEND was provided by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB0639417) to BW. RJ acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy (Program in Ecosystem Research #ER64242). Daniel Johnson and Lewis Ziska provided insightful reviews of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 54 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 65 IS 13 SI SI BP 3415 EP 3424 DI 10.1093/jxb/eru009 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AM6DU UT WOS:000339953400009 PM 24501178 ER PT J AU Hughes, TJ O'Donnell, K Sink, S Rooney, AP Scandiani, MM Luque, A Bhattacharyya, MK Huang, XQ AF Hughes, Teresa J. O'Donnell, Kerry Sink, Stacy Rooney, Alejandro P. Mercedes Scandiani, Maria Luque, Alicia Bhattacharyya, Madan K. Huang, Xiaoqiu TI Genetic architecture and evolution of the mating type locus in fusaria that cause soybean sudden death syndrome and bean root rot SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE alpha-box; disease management; Fusarium solani species complex; heterothallic; high mobility group; idiomorph; interspecific hybridization; MAT1-2-3; PCR assay; whole genome ID SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; SYNDROME PATHOGEN; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; SOUTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; SP NOV.; VIRGULIFORME; TUCUMANIAE; RECOMBINATION AB Fusarium tucumaniae is the only known sexually reproducing species among the seven closely related fusaria that cause soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) or bean root rot (BRR). In a previous study, laboratory mating of F. tucumaniae yielded recombinant ascospore progeny but required two mating-compatible strains, indicating that it is heterothallic. To assess the reproductive mode of the other SDS and BRR fusaria, and their potential for mating, whole-genome sequences of two SDS and one BRR pathogen were analyzed to characterize their mating type (MAT) loci. This bioinformatic approach identified a MAT1-1 idiomorph in F. virguliforme NRRL 22292 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs in F. tucumaniae NRRL 34546 and F. azukicola NRRL 54364. Alignments of the MAT loci were used to design PCR primers within the conserved regions of the flanking genes APN1 and SLA2, which enabled primer walking to obtain nearly complete sequences of the MAT region for six MAT1-1 and five MAT1-2 SDS/BRR fusaria. As expected, sequences of the highly divergent 4.7 kb MAT1-1 and 3.7 kb MAT1-2 idiomorphs were unalignable. However, sequences of the respective idiomorphs and those that flank MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 were highly conserved. In addition to three genes at MAT1-1 (MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-2, MAT1-1-3) and two at MAT1-2 (MAT1-2-1, MAT1-2-3), the MAT loci of the SDS/BRR fusaria also include a putative gene predicted to encode for a 252 amino acid protein of unknown function. Alignments of the MAT1-1-3 and MAT1-2-1 sequences were used to design a multiplex PCR assay for the MAT loci. This assay was used to screen DNA from 439 SDS/BRR isolates, which revealed that each isolate possessed MAT1-1 or MAT1-2, consistent with heterothallism. Both idiomorphs were represented among isolates of F. azukicola, F. brasiliense, F. phaseoli and F. tucumaniae, whereas isolates of F. virguliforme and F. cuneirostrum were only MAT1-1 and F. crassistipitatum were only MAT1-2. Finally, nucleotide sequence data from the RPB1 and RPB2 genes were used to date the origin of the SDS/BRR group, which was estimated to have occurred about 0.75 Mya (95% HPD interval: 0.27, 1.68) in the mid-Pleistocene, long before the domestication of the common bean or soybean. C1 [Hughes, Teresa J.] ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [O'Donnell, Kerry; Sink, Stacy] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rooney, Alejandro P.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Mercedes Scandiani, Maria; Luque, Alicia] Univ Nacl Rosario, Fac Cs Bioquim & Farmaceut, Ctr Referencia Micol CEREMIC, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Bhattacharyya, Madan K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Huang, Xiaoqiu] Iowa State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hughes, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hughestj@purdue.edu; kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov FU Iowa Soybean Association; Soybean Research and Development Council FX We thank Nathane Orwig for running the DNA sequences in NCAUR's core facility and the Iowa Soybean Association and the Soybean Research and Development Council for providing funds in support of the sequencing of the F. tucumaniae and F. virguliforme genomes. Sequence data is available through http://fvgbrowse.agronlastate.edu/. Please notify Dr Bhattacharyya regarding publications arising from the use of this data so that relevant information can be included in the final annotation. The mention of company names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other companies or similar products not mentioned. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 24 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 686 EP 697 DI 10.3852/13-318 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA AM3XC UT WOS:000339785100007 PM 24891421 ER PT J AU Savchenko, KG Carris, LM Castlebury, LA Heluta, VP Wasser, SP Nevo, E AF Savchenko, Kyrylo G. Carris, Lori M. Castlebury, Lisa A. Heluta, Vasyl P. Wasser, Solomon P. Nevo, Eviatar TI Revision of Entyloma (Entylomatales, Exobasicliomycetes) on Eryngium SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Entylomataceae; host diversity; phytopathogen; smut fungi; taxonomy ID PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; RAPID RADIATIONS; SMUT FUNGUS; APIACEAE; SANICULOIDEAE; MAFFT AB The genus Entyloma consists of more than 160 species of smut fungi distributed worldwide on dicots, with Apiaceae being one of the main host families. This study aims to clarify the systematics and phylogeny of Entyloma on Eryngium (Apiaceae) with molecular and morphological data. Eleven species from Eryngium are discussed herein. Four of them are described as new taxa: E. carmeli sp. nov. on Eryngium falcatum, E. eryngii-cretici sp. nov. on Eryngium creticum, E. eryngii-maritimi sp. nov. on Eryngium maritimum and E. ho-chunkii sp. nov. on Eryngium, yuccifolium. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA is presented and supports the polyphyly of Entyloma on Eryngium. C1 [Savchenko, Kyrylo G.; Wasser, Solomon P.; Nevo, Eviatar] Univ Haifa, Dept Environm & Evolutionary Biol, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. [Savchenko, Kyrylo G.] G Kholodny Inst Bot NAS Ukraine, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Carris, Lori M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Castlebury, Lisa A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Heluta, Vasyl P.; Wasser, Solomon P.] MG Kholodny Inst Bot NAS Ukraine, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Savchenko, KG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM savchenko.kyryll@gmail.com NR 54 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 797 EP 810 DI 10.3852/13-317 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA AM3XC UT WOS:000339785100015 PM 24987132 ER PT J AU Kepler, RM Humber, RA Bischoff, JF Rehner, SA AF Kepler, Ryan M. Humber, Richard A. Bischoff, Joseph F. Rehner, Stephen A. TI Clarification of generic and species boundaries for Metarhizium and related fungi through multigene phylogenetics SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE entomopathogen; Metapochonia; nematode pathogen; pleomorphic; Pochonia ID VERTICILLIUM SECTION PROSTRATA; CHAMAELEOMYCES-GRANULOMATIS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; INSECT PATHOGENS; RDNA SEQUENCES; ANISOPLIAE; REVISION; CORDYCEPS; CLAVICIPITACEAE; RHIZOSPHERE AB The genus Metarhizium historically refers to green-spored asexual insect pathogenic fungi. Through culturing and molecular methods, Metarhizium has been linked to Metacordyceps sexual states. Historically fungal nomenclature has allowed separate names for the different life stages of pleomorphic fungi. However, with the move to one name for one fungus regardless of life stage, there is a need to determine which name is correct. For Metarhizium the situation is complicated by the fact that Metacordyceps sexual states are interspersed among additional asexual genera, including Pochonia, Nomuraea and Paecilomyces. Metarhizium has priority as the earliest available name, but delimiting the boundaries of this genus remains problematic. To clarify relationships among these taxa we have obtained representative material for each genus and established a molecular dataset of the protein-coding genes BTUB, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF. The resulting phylogeny supports Metarhizium combining the majority of species recognized in Metacordyceps as well as the green-spored Nomuraea species and those in the more recently described genus Chamaeleomyces. Pochonia is polyphyletic, and we restrict the definition of this genus to those species forming a monophyletic clade with P. chlamydosparia, and the excluded species are transferred to Metapochonia gen. nov. It is our hope that this unified concept of sexual and asexual states in Metarhizium will foster advances in communication and understanding the unique ecologies of the associated species. C1 [Kepler, Ryan M.; Bischoff, Joseph F.; Rehner, Stephen A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Humber, Richard A.] USDA ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kepler, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rmkepler@gmail.com NR 60 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 35 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 811 EP 829 DI 10.3852/13-319 PG 19 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA AM3XC UT WOS:000339785100016 PM 24891418 ER PT J AU Harrington, TC Mcnew, D Mayers, C Fraedrich, SW Reed, SE AF Harrington, Thomas C. McNew, Douglas Mayers, Chase Fraedrich, Stephen W. Reed, Sharon E. TI Ambrosiella roeperi sp. nov. is the mycangial symbiont of the granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ambrosiella hartigii; Anisandrus dispar; Cnestus mutilatus; Trypodendron; Xyleborini; Xylosandrus amputatus; X. germanus ID XYLEBORUS-GLABRATUS; LAUREL WILT; COLEOPTERA-CURCULIONIDAE; RAFFAELEA-LAURICOLA; SCOLYTINAE; FUNGI; REDBAY; EVOLUTION; LAURACEAE; PATHOGEN AB Isolations from the granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini), collected in Georgia, South Carolina, Missouri and Ohio, yielded an undescribed species of Ambrosiella in thousands of colony-forming units (CFU) per individual female. Partial sequences of ITS and 28S rDNA regions distinguished this species from other Ambrosiella spp., which are asexual symbionts of ambrosia beetles and closely related to Ceratocystis spp. Ambrosiella roeperi sp. nov. produces sporodochia of branching conidiophores with disarticulating swollen cells, and the branches are terminated by thick-walled aleurioconidia, similar to the conidiophores and aleurioconidia of A. xylebori, which is the mycangial symbiont of a related ambrosia beetle, X. compactus. Microscopic examinations found homogeneous masses of arthrospore-like cells growing in the mycangium of X. crassiusculus, without evidence of other microbial growth. Using fungal-specific primers, only the ITS rDNA region of A. roeperi was amplified and sequenced from DNA extractions of mycangial contents, suggesting that it is the primary or only mycangial symbiont of this beetle in USA. C1 [Harrington, Thomas C.; McNew, Douglas; Mayers, Chase] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fraedrich, Stephen W.] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Reed, Sharon E.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Harrington, TC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, 351 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tcharrin@iastate.edu FU Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University (ISU); US Forest Service through ISU; USDA-CREES Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2009-51181-05915] FX The technical assistance of Ruben Garcia, Rodrigo de Freitas, Joseph Steimel and Susan Best is greatly appreciated. Doug le Doux (Missouri Department of Agriculture) provided beetles preserved in ethanol and Dan Miller (US Forest Service, Athens, Georgia) graciously identified ambrosia beetles from Georgia. Chase Mayers was supported in part by a fellowship from the Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University (ISU). Other financial support was provided by the US Forest Service through a cooperative agreement with ISU and by award No. 2009-51181-05915 from the USDA-CREES Specialty Crop Research Initiative. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 835 EP 845 DI 10.3852/13-354 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA AM3XC UT WOS:000339785100018 PM 24895423 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Thilmony, R Gu, YQ AF Wang, Yi Thilmony, Roger Gu, Yong Q. TI NetVenn: an integrated network analysis web platform for gene lists SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-INTERACTION NETWORKS; SET ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS; EULER DIAGRAMS; VENN-DIAGRAMS; CYTOSCAPE AB Many lists containing biological identifiers, such as gene lists, have been generated in various genomics projects. Identifying the overlap among gene lists can enable us to understand the similarities and differences between the data sets. Here, we present an interactome network-based web application platform named NetVenn for comparing and mining the relationships among gene lists. NetVenn contains interactome network data publically available for several species and supports a user upload of customized interactome network data. It has an efficient and interactive graphic tool that provides a Venn diagram view for comparing two to four lists in the context of an interactome network. NetVenn also provides a comprehensive annotation of genes in the gene lists by using enriched terms from multiple functional databases. In addition, it allows for mapping the gene expression data, providing information of transcription status of genes in the network. The power graph analysis tool is integrated in NetVenn for simplified visualization of gene relationships in the network. NetVenn is freely available at http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/NetVenn. C1 [Wang, Yi; Gu, Yong Q.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Wang, Yi] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Thilmony, Roger] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gu, YQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Yi.Wang@ars.usda.gov; Yong.Gu@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. National Science Foundation [IOS 0822100]; United State Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service CRIS project [5325-21000-021]; USDA-Agriculture Research Service CRIS project [5325-21000-021] FX U.S. National Science Foundation grant [IOS 0822100]; United State Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service CRIS project [5325-21000-021]. Source of open access funding: USDA-Agriculture Research Service CRIS project [5325-21000-021]. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 42 IS W1 BP W161 EP W166 DI 10.1093/nar/gku331 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AM2XN UT WOS:000339715000027 PM 24771340 ER PT J AU Duke, SO AF Duke, S. O. TI The role of natural products in crop protection SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Duke, S. O.] ARS, USDA, NPURU, Thad Cochran Res Ctr, Oxford, MS 39677 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA IL10 BP 751 EP 751 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200012 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Li, J Li, SX Zhao, J Bernier, UR Becnel, JJ Agramonte, NM Cantrell, CL Wedge, DE AF Chen, Y. Li, J. Li, S. X. Zhao, J. Bernier, U. R. Becnel, J. J. Agramonte, N. M. Cantrell, C. L. Wedge, D. E. TI Identification and characterization of biopesticides from Acorus SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Chen, Y.] Hunan Inst Sci & Tech, Coll Chem & Chem Eng, Yueyang, Peoples R China. [Chen, Y.; Li, J.; Li, S. X.; Wedge, D. E.] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Zhao, J.] Nat Ctr Nat Prod Res, Univ, MS USA. [Bernier, U. R.; Becnel, J. J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Ent, Gainesville, FL USA. [Cantrell, C. L.; Wedge, D. E.] ARS, Nat Prod Util Res Unit, USDA, Univ, MS USA. [Agramonte, N. M.] Univ FL, Emerg Path Inst, Dept Ent Nem, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PA1 BP 764 EP 764 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200077 ER PT J AU Meepagala, KM Schrader, KK AF Meepagala, K. M. Schrader, K. K. TI Antibacterial activities of acylglucinol derivatives against Flavobacterium columnare SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Meepagala, K. M.; Schrader, K. K.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PA2 BP 765 EP 765 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200078 ER PT J AU Ferreira, MC Cantrell, CL Wedge, DE Rosa, LH AF Ferreira, M. C. Cantrell, C. L. Wedge, D. E. Rosa, L. H. TI Characterization of bioactive compounds produced by endophytic fungi associated with Vellozia gigantea, an endemic Brazilian plant SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Ferreira, M. C.; Rosa, L. H.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Microbiol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Cantrell, C. L.; Wedge, D. E.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PC25 BP 773 EP 774 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200119 ER PT J AU Goncalves, VN Cantrell, CL Wedge, D Alves, TMA Zani, CL Galante, D Rodrigues, F Schaefer, C Rosa, C Rosa, L AF Goncalves, V. N. Cantrell, C. L. Wedge, D. Alves, T. M. A. Zani, C. L. Galante, D. Rodrigues, F. Schaefer, C. Rosa, C. Rosa, L. TI Bioprospection of rock-inhabiting fungi from extreme environments SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Goncalves, V. N.; Rosa, C.; Rosa, L.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Cantrell, C. L.; Wedge, D.] ARS, Nat Prod Util Res Unit, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Alves, T. M. A.; Zani, C. L.] Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, BR-30190 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Galante, D.] Ctr Nacl Pesquisa Energia & Mat, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Rodrigues, F.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Chem, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Schaefer, C.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RI Alves, Tania Maria/B-4814-2009; Galante, Douglas/G-8752-2011 OI Galante, Douglas/0000-0002-3265-2527 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PC26 BP 774 EP 774 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200120 ER PT J AU Cerdeira, AL Silva, FML Donega, MA Corniani, N Velini, ED Cantrell, CL Dayan, FE Coelho, MN Shea, K Duke, SO AF Cerdeira, A. L. Silva, F. M. L. Donega, M. A. Corniani, N. Velini, E. D. Cantrell, C. L. Dayan, F. E. Coelho, M. N. Shea, K. Duke, S. O. TI Aplotaxene, a possible allelochemical of thistle (Carduus sp) SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Cerdeira, A. L.] EMBRAPA Environm, BR-13820 Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil. [Silva, F. M. L.; Corniani, N.; Velini, E. D.] Sao Paulo State Univ, Fac Agron Sci, BR-18610 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Donega, M. A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Esalq, BR-13418 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Cantrell, C. L.; Dayan, F. E.; Duke, S. O.] ARS, NPURU, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. [Coelho, M. N.] Univ Fed Fluminense, Fac Farm, BR-24241 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. [Shea, K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Shea, Katriona/B-7954-2008 OI Shea, Katriona/0000-0002-7607-8248 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PD9 BP 778 EP 779 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200142 ER PT J AU Tabanca, N Demirci, B Avonto, C Wang, M Ali, A Bernier, UR Raman, V Khan, IA AF Tabanca, N. Demirci, B. Avonto, C. Wang, M. Ali, A. Bernier, U. R. Raman, V Khan, I. A. TI Mosquito repellent activity of essential oils and extracts from Chamomile flowers SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Tabanca, N.; Avonto, C.; Wang, M.; Ali, A.; Raman, V; Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Demirci, B.] Anadolu Univ, Dept Pharmacognosy, Fac Pharm, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Bernier, U. R.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PD53 BP 789 EP 789 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200186 ER PT J AU Bufalo, J Cantrell, CL Schrader, KK Kustova, TS AF Bufalo, J. Cantrell, C. L. Schrader, K. K. Kustova, T. S. TI Diterpenoids from Salvia deserta Schang with antibacterial activity SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Bufalo, J.] UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biosci IB, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bufalo, J.; Cantrell, C. L.; Schrader, K. K.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. [Kustova, T. S.] Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Timiriazeva, Kazakhstan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PD94 BP 798 EP 798 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200227 ER PT J AU Ali, A Tabanca, N Ozek, G Ozek, T Aytac, Z Bernier, UR Baser, KHC Khan, IA AF Ali, A. Tabanca, N. Ozek, G. Ozek, T. Aytac, Z. Bernier, U. R. Baser, Can K. H. Khan, I. A. TI Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of essential oils of Echinophora lamondiana and pure compounds against mosquitoes SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Ali, A.; Tabanca, N.; Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Ozek, G.; Ozek, T.; Baser, Can K. H.] Anadolu Univ, Dept Pharmacognosy, Fac Pharm, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Aytac, Z.] Gazi Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci & Letters, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey. [Bernier, U. R.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PD107 BP 801 EP 801 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200240 ER PT J AU Harnly, J Chen, P Sun, J Colson, K Yuk, J McCoy, JA Reynaud, DH AF Harnly, J. Chen, P. Sun, J. Colson, K. Yuk, J. McCoy, J. A. Reynaud, Harbaugh D. TI Combining MS and NMR methods for identification and authentication of botanicals SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Harnly, J.; Chen, P.; Sun, J.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Colson, K.; Yuk, J.] Bruker BioSpin, Billerica, MA USA. [McCoy, J. A.] Bent Creek Germplasm Repository, North Carolina Arboretum, Asheville, NC USA. [Reynaud, Harbaugh D.] AuthenTechnologies, Richmond, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PPL36 BP 832 EP 832 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200384 ER PT J AU Parveen, I Wang, M Zhao, J Tabanca, N Ali, A Techen, N Baerson, S Pan, Z Khan, IA AF Parveen, I Wang, M. Zhao, J. Tabanca, N. Ali, A. Techen, N. Baerson, S. Pan, Z. Khan, I. A. TI Molecular cloning and characterization of two novel sesquiterpene synthase genes from Ginko biloba L. SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Parveen, I; Wang, M.; Zhao, J.; Tabanca, N.; Ali, A.; Techen, N.; Khan, I. A.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. [Baerson, S.; Pan, Z.] ARS, USDA, NPURU, Oxford, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PR2 BP 846 EP 846 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200451 ER PT J AU Gardner, D Molyneux, R Downey, D Wall, L Almeida, L Diaz, G AF Gardner, D. Molyneux, R. Downey, D. Wall, L. Almeida, L. Diaz, G. TI Detection of dehydropyrrolizidine alklaoids in honey, pollen, eggs and the associated Senecio species SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Gardner, D.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Molyneux, R.] Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Downey, D.; Wall, L.] Hawaii Dept Agr, UH Pacific Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Almeida, L.; Diaz, G.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Toxicol Lab, Bogota, Colombia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PV5 BP 852 EP 852 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200480 ER PT J AU Lee, ST Green, BT Welch, KD Jordan, GT Zhang, Q Panter, KE Hughes, D Chang, CWT Pfister, JA Gardner, DR AF Lee, S. T. Green, B. T. Welch, K. D. Jordan, G. T. Zhang, Q. Panter, K. E. Hughes, D. Chang, C. W. T. Pfister, J. A. Gardner, D. R. TI Toxicities and teratogenic potential of gamma-coniceine, coniine and N-methylconiine enantiomers SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy (ASP) CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Oxford, MS SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy C1 [Lee, S. T.; Green, B. T.; Welch, K. D.; Panter, K. E.; Pfister, J. A.; Gardner, D. R.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Jordan, G. T.; Hughes, D.] Cincinnati Hills Christian Acad, Cincinnati, OH 45249 USA. [Zhang, Q.; Chang, C. W. T.] Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 EI 1439-0221 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 10 MA PV4 BP 852 EP 852 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AM3VP UT WOS:000339781200478 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Sun, JJ Li, CJ Wang, YH Li, L Cai, HF Lan, XY Lei, CZ Zhao, X Chen, H AF Zhou, Yang Sun, Jiajie Li, Congjun Wang, Yanhong Li, Lan Cai, Hanfang Lan, Xianyong Lei, Chuzhao Zhao, Xin Chen, Hong TI Characterization of Transcriptional Complexity during Adipose Tissue Development in Bovines of Different Ages and Sexes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NONCODING RNA; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; ENDOCRINE ORGAN; GENE-EXPRESSION; CANCER; OBESITY; INFLAMMATION; OVERWEIGHT; ANDROGENS; STEROIDS AB Background: Adipose tissue has long been recognized to play an extremely important role in development. In bovines, it not only serves a fundamental function but also plays a key role in the quality of beef and, consequently, has drawn much public attention. Age and sex are two key factors that affect the development of adipose tissue, and there has not yet been a global study detailing the effects of these two factors on expressional differences of adipose tissues. Results: In this study, total RNA from the back fat of fetal bovines, adult bulls, adult heifers and adult steers were used to construct libraries for Illumina next-generation sequencing. We detected the expression levels of 12,233 genes, with over 3,000 differently expressed genes when comparing fetal and adult patterns and an average of 1000 differently expressed genes when comparing adult patterns. Multiple Gene Ontology terms and pathways were found to be significantly enriched for these differentially expressed genes. Of the 12,233 detected genes, a total of 4,753 genes (38.85%) underwent alternative splicing events, and over 50% were specifically expressed in each library. Over 4,000 novel transcript units were discovered for one library, whereas only approximately 30% were considered to have coding ability, which supplied a large amount of information for the lncRNA study. Additionally, we detected 56,564 (fetal bovine), 65,154 (adult bull), 78,061 (adult heifer) and 86,965 (adult steer) putative single nucleotide polymorphisms located in coding regions of the four pooled libraries. Conclusion: Here, we present, for the first time, a complete dataset involving the spatial and temporal transcriptome of bovine adipose tissue using RNA-seq. These data will facilitate the understanding of the effects of age and sex on the development of adipose tissue and supply essential information towards further studies on the genomes of beef cattle and other related mammals. C1 [Zhou, Yang; Sun, Jiajie; Li, Lan; Cai, Hanfang; Lan, Xianyong; Lei, Chuzhao; Zhao, Xin; Chen, Hong] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Shaanxi Key Lab Agr Mol Biol, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Li, Congjun] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Wang, Yanhong] Jiangsu Normal Univ, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Shaanxi Key Lab Agr Mol Biol, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM chenhong1212@263.net FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31272408]; National 863 Program of China [2013AA102505]; Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Projects of Shaanxi Province [2012NKC01-13]; Program of National Beef Cattle Industrial Technology System [CARS-38] FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31272408), National 863 Program of China (Grant No. 2013AA102505), Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Projects of Shaanxi Province (No. 2012NKC01-13), and Program of National Beef Cattle Industrial Technology System (CARS-38). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e101261 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101261 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM1UX UT WOS:000339635000079 PM 24983926 ER PT J AU Zingg, JM Libinaki, R Meydani, M Azzi, A AF Zingg, Jean-Marc Libinaki, Roksan Meydani, Mohsen Azzi, Angelo TI Modulation of Phosphorylation of Tocopherol and Phosphatidylinositol by hTAP1/SEC14L2-Mediated Lipid Exchange SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SCAVENGER RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; SUPERNATANT PROTEIN FACTOR; HUMAN SEC14P-LIKE PROTEINS; VITAMIN-E; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; GENE-EXPRESSION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS PROGRESSION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; THP-1 MONOCYTES; MAMMARY-GLAND AB The vitamin E derivative, alpha-tocopheryl phosphate (alpha TP), is detectable in cultured cells, plasma and tissues in small amounts, suggesting the existence of enzyme(s) with alpha-tocopherol (alpha T) kinase activity. Here, we characterize the production of alpha TP from alpha T and [gamma-P-32]-ATP in primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCA-SMC) using separation by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and subsequent analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). In addition to alpha T, although to a lower amount, also gamma T is phosphorylated. In THP-1 monocytes, gamma TP inhibits cell proliferation and reduces CD36 scavenger receptor expression more potently than alpha TP. Both alpha TP and gamma TP activate the promoter of the human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene with similar potency, whereas alpha T and gamma T had no significant effect. The recombinant human tocopherol associated protein 1 (hTAP1, hSEC14L2) binds both alpha T and alpha TP and stimulates phosphorylation of alpha T possibly by facilitating its transport and presentation to a putative alpha T kinase. Recombinant hTAP1 reduces the in vitro activity of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase gamma (PI3K gamma) indicating the formation of a stalled/inactive hTAP1/PI3K gamma heterodimer. The addition of alpha T, beta T, gamma T, delta dT or alpha TP differentially stimulates PI3K gamma, suggesting facilitated egress of sequestered PI from hTAP1 to the enzyme. It is suggested that the continuous competitive exchange of different lipophilic ligands in hTAPs with cell enzymes and membranes may be a way to make these lipophiles more accessible as substrates for enzymes and as components of specific membrane domains. C1 [Zingg, Jean-Marc; Meydani, Mohsen; Azzi, Angelo] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Libinaki, Roksan] Monash Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. RP Zingg, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Jean-Marc.Zingg@tufts.edu FU Swiss National Science Foundation; US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-0-014]; Phosphagenics, Ltd. FX This study was supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation (AA, JMZ), by grants from US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 58-1950-0-014 (MM, JMZ) and by a research fellowship from Phosphagenics, Ltd. (JMZ). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e101550 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101550 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM1UX UT WOS:000339635000119 PM 24983950 ER PT J AU Oliveira, CA Riet-Correa, G Tavares, C Souza, E Cerqueira, VD Pfister, J Cook, D Riet-Correa, F AF Oliveira Junior, Carlos Alberto Riet-Correa, Gabriela Tavares, Carla Souza, Elda Cerqueira, Valiria Duarte Pfister, James Cook, Daniel Riet-Correa, Franklin TI Conditioned food aversion to control poisoning by Ipomoea carnea subsp fistulosa in goats SO CIENCIA RURAL LA English DT Article DE poisonous plants; swainsonine; conditioned food aversion; lithium chloride ID TASTE-AVERSIONS; CONSUMPTION; SELECTION; MOTHER; CATTLE; HORSES; LAMBS; SHEEP AB Ipomoea carnea is a toxic plant often ingested by livestock in Brazil. Three experiments were conducted to determine if conditioned food aversion was effective in reducing goats' consumption of I. carnea. In the first experiment, 10 mildly intoxicated goats that had been eating I. carnea were averted using LiCl (175 to 200mg kg(-1) body weight). These intoxicated goats did not develop an aversion to I. carnea, demonstrating that the technique is not effective in goats that are already accustomed to consuming the plant. In the second experiment, 14 naive goats were placed in a pasture with I. carnea, and averted after they ingested the plant. In this group the aversion persisted until the end of the experiment, 2 years and 8 months after the initial aversion. In another experiment, 20 goats were placed in a pasture with I. carnea, and after consuming the plant were averted with LiCl. The averted goats were transferred to Marajo Island and periodically observed over a 2 year period at 2-3 month intervals to determine if they were still averted. The averted goats did not ingest the plant while grazing in the pasture, whereas in 6 neighboring goat farms the prevalence of intoxication from I. carnea poisoning was estimated to be about 40%. These results demonstrated the efficacy of conditioned food aversion to avoid ingestion of I. carnea in formerly nave goats that had only recently begun to ingest the plant. C1 [Oliveira Junior, Carlos Alberto; Riet-Correa, Franklin] Univ Fed Campina Grande, Hosp Vet, BR-58700000 Patos de Minas, PB, Brazil. [Riet-Correa, Gabriela; Tavares, Carla; Souza, Elda; Cerqueira, Valiria Duarte] Univ Fed UFPA, Programa Posgrad Saude Anim Amazonia, Castanhal, PA, Brazil. [Pfister, James; Cook, Daniel] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT USA. RP Riet-Correa, F (reprint author), Univ Fed Campina Grande, Hosp Vet, BR-58700000 Patos de Minas, PB, Brazil. EM rmtmed@uol.com.br FU National Institute for Science and Technology for the Control of Plant Poisonings (CNPq) [573534/2008-0] FX This work was supported by National Institute for Science and Technology for the Control of Plant Poisonings (CNPq), grant 573534/2008-0. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV FEDERAL SANTA MARIA PI SANTA MARIA PA UNIV FEDERAL SANTA MARIA, SANTA MARIA, RS 97105.9, BRAZIL SN 0103-8478 EI 1678-4596 J9 CIENC RURAL JI Cienc. Rural PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1240 EP 1245 DI 10.1590/0103-8478cr20131445 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AM0MB UT WOS:000339538600016 ER PT J AU Connolly, BM Pearson, DE Mack, RN AF Connolly, B. M. Pearson, D. E. Mack, R. N. TI Granivory of invasive, naturalized, and native plants in communities differentially susceptible to invasion SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biotic resistance; eastern Washington, USA; exclosure; forest plant communities; invasibility; invasiveness; recruitment; seed addition; seed bank; seed predation; steppe plant communities ID SEED PREDATION; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; POPULATION DYNAMICS; BROMUS-TECTORUM; REMOVAL; RODENTS; DESERT; ABUNDANCE; SIZE; DISTURBANCE AB Seed predation is an important biotic filter that can influence abundance and spatial distributions of native species through differential effects on recruitment. This filter may also influence the relative abundance of nonnative plants within habitats and the communities' susceptibility to invasion via differences in granivore identity, abundance, and food preference. We evaluated the effect of postdispersal seed predators on the establishment of invasive, naturalized, and native species within and between adjacent forest and steppe communities of eastern Washington, USA that differ in severity of plant invasion. Seed removal from trays placed within guild-specific exclosures revealed that small mammals were the dominant seed predators in both forest and steppe. Seeds of invasive species (Bromus tectorum, Cirsium arvense) were removed significantly less than the seeds of native (Pseudoroegneria spicata, Balsamorhiza sagittata) and naturalized (Secale cereale, Centaurea cyanus) species. Seed predation limited seedling emergence and establishment in both communities in the absence of competition in a pattern reflecting natural plant abundance: S. cereale was most suppressed, B. tectorum was least suppressed, and P. spicata was suppressed at an intermediate level. Furthermore, seed predation reduced the residual seed bank for all species. Seed mass correlated with seed removal rates in the forest and their subsequent effects on plant recruitment; larger seeds were removed at higher rates than smaller seeds. Our vegetation surveys indicate higher densities and canopy cover of nonnative species occur in the steppe compared with the forest understory, suggesting the steppe may be more susceptible to invasion. Seed predation alone, however, did not result in significant differences in establishment for any species between these communities, presumably due to similar total small-mammal abundance between communities. Consequently, preferential seed predation by small mammals predicts plant establishment for our test species within these communities but not between them. Accumulating evidence suggests that seed predation can be an important biotic filter affecting plant establishment via differences in consumer preferences and abundance with important ramifications for plant invasions and in situ community assembly. C1 [Connolly, B. M.; Mack, R. N.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pearson, D. E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Pearson, D. E.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Connolly, BM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bconnolly2@wisc.edu FU Betty Higginbotham trust; John W. Marr Memorial trust fund; Washington Native Plant Society (WNPS) Research Grant; WNPS-NE chapter FX We thank J. L. Maron and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments regarding the manuscript and J. L. Orrock for helpful advice on experimental design. We thank D. J. Connolly and J. L. Richards for assistance with exclosure construction. We thank Y. K. Ortega for consultations regarding statistical analysis. We thank M. Rule for assistance with site identification and permit preparation at the Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge. The Betty Higginbotham trust, John W. Marr Memorial trust fund, Washington Native Plant Society (WNPS) Research Grant, and WNPS-NE chapter provided funding to support this work. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 58 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2014 VL 95 IS 7 BP 1759 EP 1769 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL9OL UT WOS:000339470500006 PM 25163110 ER PT J AU Peralta, G Frost, CM Rand, TA Didham, RK Tylianakis, JM AF Peralta, Guadalupe Frost, Carol M. Rand, Tatyana A. Didham, Raphael K. Tylianakis, Jason M. TI Complementarity and redundancy of interactions enhance attack rates and spatial stability in host-parasitoid food webs SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; ecosystem functioning; food-web structure; insurance hypothesis; niche partitioning; parasitism; phylogenetic species variability; spatial variability; temporal variability ID ECOSYSTEM-FUNCTION; PEST-CONTROL; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; RESOURCE USE; BIODIVERSITY; HERBIVORE; COMMUNITY; SERVICES; ECOLOGY AB Complementary resource use and redundancy of species that fulfill the same ecological role are two mechanisms that can respectively increase and stabilize process rates in ecosystems. For example, predator complementarity and redundancy can determine prey consumption rates and their stability, yet few studies take into account the multiple predator species Attacking multiple prey at different rates in natural communities. Thus, it remains unclear whether these biodiversity mechanisms are important determinants of consumption in entire predator prey assemblages, such that food-web interaction structure determines community-wide consumption and stability. Here, we use empirical quantitative food webs to study the community-wide effects of functional complementarity and redundancy of consumers (parasitoids) on herbivore control in temperate forests. We find that complementarity in host resource use by parasitoids was a strong predictor of absolute parasitism rates at the community level and that redundancy in host-use patterns stabilized community-wide parasitism rates in space, but not through time. These effects can potentially explain previous contradictory results from predator diversity research. Phylogenetic diversity (measured using taxonomic distance) did not explain functional complementarity or parasitism rates, so could not serve as a surrogate measure for functional complementarity. Our study shows that known mechanisms underpinning predator diversity effects on both functioning and stability can easily be extended to link food webs to ecosystem functioning. C1 [Peralta, Guadalupe; Frost, Carol M.; Tylianakis, Jason M.] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Rand, Tatyana A.] ARS, USDA, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Didham, Raphael K.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Didham, Raphael K.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Ctr Environm & Life Sci, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia. [Tylianakis, Jason M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. RP Peralta, G (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM gdlp.peralta@gmail.com RI Tylianakis, Jason/B-6634-2011; Didham, Raphael/B-5953-2011 OI Tylianakis, Jason/0000-0001-7402-5620; FU Marsden Fund [UOC-0802]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Education New Zealand; University of Canterbury; Australian Research Council Future Fellowship; Rutherford Discovery Fellowship FX We thank J. Dugdale, J. Berry, and R. Schnitzler for help with insect identification, all the field and lab assistants who helped during the collections and rearing, and J. Ladley and D. Conder for logistical support. The Department of Conservation, Nelson Forests Ltd, Hancock Timber Resource Group, Merrill and Ring, and D. Bryant provided forest access. A. Varsani helped with molecular identifications. W. Godsoe, E. Espeland, the Tylianakis/Stouffer lab groups, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments for improving the manuscript. G. Peralta is supported by the Marsden Fund (UOC-0802), C. Frost is supported by scholarships from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Education New Zealand, and the University of Canterbury, R. K. Didham is funded by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship, and J. M. Tylianakis is funded by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship, administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand. This research was funded by the Marsden Fund (UOC-0802). NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2014 VL 95 IS 7 BP 1888 EP 1896 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL9OL UT WOS:000339470500017 PM 25163121 ER PT J AU Xu, HL Guan, YT AF Xu, Hanli Guan, Yongtao TI Detecting Local Haplotype Sharing and Haplotype Association SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR GENE; MISSING HERITABILITY; RARE VARIANTS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; COMPLEX DISEASES; GENOTYPE DATA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COMMON; MODEL AB A novel haplotype association method is presented, and its power is demonstrated. Relying on a statistical model for linkage disequilibrium (LD), the method first infers ancestral haplotypes and their loadings at each marker for each individual. The loadings are then used to quantify local haplotype sharing between individuals at each marker. A statistical model was developed to link the local haplotype sharing and phenotypes to test for association. We devised a novel method to fit the LD model, reducing the complexity from putatively quadratic to linear (in the number of ancestral haplotypes). Therefore, the LD model can be fitted to all study samples simultaneously, and, consequently, our method is applicable to big data sets. Compared to existing haplotype association methods, our method integrated out phase uncertainty, avoided arbitrariness in specifying haplotypes, and had the same number of tests as the single-SNP analysis. We applied our method to data from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium and discovered eight novel associations between seven gene regions and five disease phenotypes. Among these, GRIK4, which encodes a protein that belongs to the glutamate-gated ionic channel family, is strongly associated with both coronary artery disease and rheumatoid arthritis. A software package implementing methods described in this article is freely available at http://www.haplotype.org. C1 [Xu, Hanli; Guan, Yongtao] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Guan, Yongtao] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Guan, Yongtao] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Xu, Hanli] Southeast Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Guan, YT (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates Room 2070, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM yongtaog@bcm.edu FU Wellcome Trust [076113, 085475]; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [6250-51000-052]; National Institutes of Health [HG005859] FX We thank Yufeng Shen and Kai Wang for discussion of association results; Nancy Cox for discussion of the allele-flipping problem in GWAS; and Mark Meyer, at Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, for valuable editorial comments. We thank two anonymous referees for their comments that improved the clarity of the presentation. This study makes use of data generated by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC). A full list of the investigators who contributed to the generation of the data is available from www.wtccc.org.uk. Funding for the WTCCC project was provided by the Wellcome Trust under awards 076113 and 085475. This study was supported in part by research grants from the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (6250-51000-052) and the National Institutes of Health (HG005859). NR 50 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUL PY 2014 VL 197 IS 3 BP 823 EP + DI 10.1534/genetics.114.164814 PG 24 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AL8MA UT WOS:000339391900004 PM 24812308 ER PT J AU Langlois, DK Sutton, DA Swenson, CL Bailey, CJ Wiederhold, NP Nelson, NC Thompson, EH Wickes, BL French, S Fu, JM Vilar-Saavedra, P Peterson, SW AF Langlois, Daniel K. Sutton, Deanna A. Swenson, Cheryl L. Bailey, Chris J. Wiederhold, Nathan P. Nelson, Nathan C. Thompson, Elizabeth H. Wickes, Brian L. French, Stephanie Fu, Jianmin Vilar-Saavedra, Paulo Peterson, Stephen W. TI Clinical, Morphological, and Molecular Characterization of Penicillium canis sp nov., Isolated from a Dog with Osteomyelitis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GERMAN-SHEPHERD DOG; AMPHOTERICIN-B; DISSEMINATED ASPERGILLOSIS; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; TERBINAFINE; INFECTION; FUNGI; PHARMACOKINETICS; PAECILOMYCOSIS; ITRACONAZOLE AB Infections caused by Penicillium species are rare in dogs, and the prognosis in these cases is poor. An unknown species of Penicillium was isolated from a bone lesion in a young dog with osteomyelitis of the right ilium. Extensive diagnostic evaluation did not reveal evidence of dissemination. Resolution of lameness and clinical stability of disease were achieved with intravenous phospholipid- complexed amphotericin B initially, followed by long-term combination therapy with terbinafine and ketoconazole. A detailed morphological and molecular characterization of the mold was undertaken. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer revealed the isolate to be closely related to Penicillium menonorum and Penicillium pimiteouiense. Additional sequence analysis of beta-tubulin, calmodulin, minichromosome maintenance factor, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and pre-rRNA processing protein revealed the isolate to be a novel species; the name Penicillium canis sp. nov. is proposed. Morphologically, smooth, ovoid conidia, a greenish gray colony color, slow growth on all media, and a failure to form ascomata distinguish this species from closely related Penicillium species. C1 [Langlois, Daniel K.; Bailey, Chris J.; Nelson, Nathan C.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Sutton, Deanna A.; Wiederhold, Nathan P.; Thompson, Elizabeth H.; Fu, Jianmin] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, Fungus Testing Lab, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Swenson, Cheryl L.; French, Stephanie] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wickes, Brian L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Vilar-Saavedra, Paulo] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Peterson, Stephen W.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Langlois, DK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM langlo21@cvm.msu.edu; stephen.peterson@ars.usda.gov OI Wiederhold, Nathan/0000-0002-2225-5122 FU MSU College of Veterinary Medicine Trinket Fund FX The medical care of the dog reported herein was supported in part by the MSU College of Veterinary Medicine Trinket Fund. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 52 IS 7 BP 2447 EP 2453 DI 10.1128/JCM.03602-13 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AL6YM UT WOS:000339279700025 PM 24789186 ER PT J AU De Ravin, SS Parta, M Sutton, DA Wickes, BL Thompson, EH Wiederhold, NP Nakasone, KK Alimchandani, M OConnell, A Notarangelo, L Kang, E Malech, HL Zelazny, AM AF De Ravin, Suk See Parta, Mark Sutton, Deanna A. Wickes, Brian L. Thompson, Elizabeth H. Wiederhold, Nathan P. Nakasone, Karen K. Alimchandani, Meghna OConnell, Amy Notarangelo, Luigi Kang, Elizabeth Malech, Harry L. Zelazny, Adrian M. TI Paravertebral Mushroom: Identification of a Novel Species of Phellinus as a Human Pathogen in Chronic Granulomatous Disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASIDIOMYCETOUS FUNGI; TROPICALIS; PATIENT AB We describe a case of paravertebral abscess caused by a Phellinus sp. in a boy with chronic granulomatous disease. Sequence-based identification of this mold, a new agent of disease, suggests a close relation to Phellinus umbrinellus. C1 [De Ravin, Suk See; Kang, Elizabeth; Malech, Harry L.] NIAID, Lab Host Defenses, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Parta, Mark] Leidos Biomed Res Inc, Clin Monitoring Res Program, Frederick, MD USA. [Sutton, Deanna A.; Thompson, Elizabeth H.; Wiederhold, Nathan P.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Fungus Testing Lab, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Wickes, Brian L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Nakasone, Karen K.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, Forest Prod Lab,USDA, Madison, WI USA. [Alimchandani, Meghna] NCI, Pathol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [OConnell, Amy; Notarangelo, Luigi] Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Immunol, Boston, MA USA. [Zelazny, Adrian M.] NIH, Dept Lab Med, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Zelazny, AM (reprint author), NIH, Dept Lab Med, Ctr Clin, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM azelazny@mail.nih.gov RI Notarangelo, Luigi/F-9718-2016; OI Notarangelo, Luigi/0000-0002-8335-0262; Malech, Harry/0000-0001-5874-5775; Wiederhold, Nathan/0000-0002-2225-5122 FU NIH Clinical Center FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH Clinical Center. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 52 IS 7 BP 2726 EP 2729 DI 10.1128/JCM.00667-14 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AL6YM UT WOS:000339279700078 PM 24829241 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Bergman, RD Brashaw, BK Myers, SW AF Wang, Xiping Bergman, Richard D. Brashaw, Brian K. Myers, Scott W. TI Heat Treatment of Firewood for Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire): Case Studies SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE emerald ash borer; phytosanitary treatment; kiln; quarantine; operating procedure; temperature monitoring ID BUPRESTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; SURVIVAL; LOGS AB The movement of firewood within emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (EAB)-infested states and into adjoining areas has been a contributor to its spread throughout the United States and Canada. In an effort to prevent further human-aided spread of EAB and to facilitate interstate commerce, the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and cooperating states in the EAB quarantine have established a heat treatment process to be used as a mitigating treatment to allow movement of firewood from EAB quarantine areas. Firewood producers have since been faced with challenges implementing heat treatment processes and meeting the treatment standard for firewood. In this article, we present four case studies, conducted at firewood heat treatment facilities, with the aim of addressing these challenges. Different heat treating strategies were used in each of these facilities to meet the particular needs of operation. A step-by-step operating procedure was developed for heat treatment operation and temperature monitoring of both kiln and firewood samples during the heating process. C1 [Wang, Xiping; Bergman, Richard D.] USDA Forest Serv Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Brashaw, Brian K.] Univ Minnesota Duluth, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN USA. [Myers, Scott W.] USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM xwang@fs.fed.us; rbergman@fs.fed.us; bbrashaw@nrri.umn.edu; scott.w.myers@aphis.usda.gov FU Wood Education and Resource Center, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, USDA Forest Service [08-DG-11420004-100] FX This project was funded in part through a grant awarded by the Wood Education and Resource Center, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, USDA Forest Service (08-DG-11420004-100). We thank JoAnn Cruse of the USDA APHIS PPQ, Terry Mace of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR), Jeff Settle of the Indiana DNR, and David Hutton (Indiana) and Brent Wachholder (Illinois) of USDA APHIS PPQ, for providing assistance with heat treatments in the field. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 21 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 112 IS 4 BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.5849/jof.14-033 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL9PN UT WOS:000339473300005 ER PT J AU Maker, NF Germain, RH Anderson, NM AF Maker, Neal F. Germain, Rene H. Anderson, Nathaniel M. TI Working Woods: A Case Study of Sustainable Forest Management on Vermont Family Forests SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE sustainable forest management; silviculture; best management practices; Use Value Appraisal; Current Use Program; general ID NONINDUSTRIAL PRIVATE FORESTLAND; UNITED-STATES; IMPLEMENTATION; PROCUREMENT; PROGRAM; OWNERS; SYSTEM; YIELD AB Families own 35% of US forestland and 67% of Vermont forestland. Sustainable management of their woodlots could provide social and economic benefits for generations. We examined sustainable forest management across four counties in Vermont by evaluating the use of silvicultural practices and best management practices on 59 recently harvested, family-owned properties with at least 25 acres of timberland. We explored relationships between management practices and Vermont's Use Value Appraisal Forest land Tax Program (UVA), one of Vermont's primary forest management policy instruments. We found positive correlations between UVA enrollment and sustainable management practices and determined that UVA may be partly responsible for the increased application of silviculture in the study area compared with that in other parts of the Northeast. Even so, UVA's limited adoption and the overall prevalence of nonsilvicultural harvesting practices demonstrate that policy alone is not achieving widespread sustainable forest management among family forest owners in Vermont. C1 [Maker, Neal F.] Pekin Branch Forestry, Calais, VT 05682 USA. [Germain, Rene H.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, New York, NY USA. [Anderson, Nathaniel M.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. RP Maker, NF (reprint author), Pekin Branch Forestry, Calais, VT 05682 USA. EM neal@pekinbranch.com; rhgermai@esf.edu; nathanielmanderson@fs.fed.us FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative FX The Northeastern States Research Cooperative funded this study. Vermont County Foresters, Russ Barrett, Mats Langlais, and Michael Snyder lent their support, as did Bryan Ellis of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 112 IS 4 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.5849/jof.13-003 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL9PN UT WOS:000339473300006 ER PT J AU Krasnoff, SB Keresztes, I Donzelli, BGG Gibson, DM AF Krasnoff, Stuart B. Keresztes, Ivan Donzelli, Bruno G. G. Gibson, Donna M. TI Metachelins, Mannosylated and N-Oxidized Coprogen-Type Siderophores from Metarhizium robertsii SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANISOPLIAE; ACID; ENANTIOMERS; COMPLEXES; MECHANISM; IRON AB Under iron-depleted culture conditions, the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii (Bischoff, Humber, and Rehner) (= M anisopliae) produces a complex of extracellular siderophores including novel O-glycosylated and N-oxidized coprogen-type compounds as well as the known fungal siderophores N-alpha-dimethylcoprogen (NADC) and dimenimic acid (DA). Metachelin A (1), the most abundant component in the M. robertsii siderophore mixture, was characterized as a 1094 Da analogue of NADC that is O-glycosylated by beta-mannose at both terminal hydroxyl groups and N-oxidized at the dimethylated alpha-nitrogen. The mixture also contained a 1078 Da analogue, metachelin B (2), which lacks the N-oxide modification. Also characterized were the aglycone of 1, i.e., the N-oxide of NADC (3), and the monomannoside of DA (6). N-Oxide and O-glycosyl substituents are unprecedented among microbial siderophores. At high ESIMS source energy and at room temperature in DMSO, 1 underwent Cope elimination, resulting in loss of the N-alpha-dimethyl group and dehydration of the alpha-beta bond. High-resolution ESIMS data confirmed that all tri- and dihydroxamate siderophores (1-6) complex with trivalent Fe, Al, and Ga. In a chrome azurol S assay, all of the M. robertsii siderophores showed iron-binding activity roughly equivalent to that of desferrioxamine B. C1 [Krasnoff, Stuart B.; Gibson, Donna M.] ARS, USDA, Biol IPM Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Keresztes, Ivan] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Donzelli, Bruno G. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Krasnoff, SB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol IPM Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM stuart.krasnoff@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 EI 1520-6025 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1685 EP 1692 DI 10.1021/np500300s PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AM1KH UT WOS:000339604300019 PM 24992511 ER PT J AU Khrimian, A Zhang, AJ Weber, DC Ho, HY Aldrich, JR Vermillion, KE Siegler, MA Shirali, S Guzman, F Leskey, TC AF Khrimian, Ashot Zhang, Aijun Weber, Donald C. Ho, Hsiao-Yung Aldrich, Jeffrey R. Vermillion, Karl E. Siegler, Maxime A. Shirali, Shyam Guzman, Filadelfo Leskey, Tracy C. TI Discovery of the Aggregation Pheromone of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys) through the Creation of Stereoisomeric Libraries of 1-Bisabolen-3-ols SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID SEX ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE; BEETLE PLATYPUS-QUERCIVORUS; ASYMMETRIC DIHYDROXYLATION; HETEROPTERA-PENTATOMIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS AB We describe a novel and straightforward route to all stereoisomers of 1,10-bisaboladien-3-ol and 10,11-epoxyl-bisabolen-3-ol via the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric addition of trimethylaluminum to diastereomeric mixtures of cyclohex-2-enones 1 and 2. The detailed stereoisomeric structures of many natural sesquiterpenes with the bisabolane skeleton were previously unknown because of the absence of stereoselective syntheses of individual stereoisomers. Several of the bisabolenols are pheromones of economically important pentatomid bug species. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography of underivatized triol 13 provided unequivocal proof of the relative and absolute configurations. Two of the epoxides, (3S,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol (3) and (3R,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol (4), were identified as the main components of a male-produced aggregation pheromone of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, using GC analyses on enantioselective columns. Both compounds attracted female, male, and nymphal H. halys in field trials. Moreover, mixtures of stereoisomers containing epoxides 3 and 4 were also attractive to H. halys, signifying that the presence of additional stereoisomers did not hinder attraction of H. halys and relatively inexpensive mixtures can be used in monitoring, as well as control strategies. H. halys is a polyphagous invasive species in the U.S. and Europe that causes severe injury to fruit, vegetables, and field crops and is also a serious nuisance pest. C1 [Khrimian, Ashot; Zhang, Aijun; Weber, Donald C.; Aldrich, Jeffrey R.; Shirali, Shyam; Guzman, Filadelfo] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Area, IIBBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ho, Hsiao-Yung] Acad Sinica, Inst Cellular & Organism Biol, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Vermillion, Karl E.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Siegler, Maxime A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Leskey, Tracy C.] ARS, USDA, AFRL, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Khrimian, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Area, IIBBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ashot.khrimian@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Specialty Crop Research Initiative [2011-51181-30937] FX We thank G. Cabrera Walsh, A. DiMeglio, and M. Athanas for pheromone trap field collection and enumeration of all Maryland samples. Support for this study was from USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Specialty Crop Research Initiative grant no. 2011-51181-30937. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 EI 1520-6025 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1708 EP 1717 DI 10.1021/np5003753 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AM1KH UT WOS:000339604300022 PM 24963992 ER PT J AU Miranda, M Olivares, M Brito, A Pizarro, F AF Miranda, Melissa Olivares, Manuel Brito, Alex Pizarro, Fernando TI Reducing iron deficiency anemia in Bolivian school children: Calcium and iron combined versus iron supplementation alone SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Iron status; Calcium; Iron; Bolivian; Anemia ID ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; SERUM FERRITIN; NONHEME-IRON; HEME-IRON; ABSORPTION; INDICATORS; POPULATION; HEMOGLOBIN; PREVALENCE; INFANTS AB Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of combined calcium and iron versus single iron supplementation on iron status in Bolivian schoolchildren. Methods: Children ages 6 to 10y old (N = 195), were randomly assigned to receive either 700 mg Ca (as calcium carbonate) plus 30 mg Fe (as ferrous sulfate) (Ca + Fe group) or 30 mg Fe (as ferrous sulfate) (Fe group). The doses were administered daily, from Monday to Friday, between meals at school over 3 mo. Iron status was assessed at baseline and after intervention. Additionally, overall nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry and an estimation of dietary intake. Results: At baseline, the prevalence of anemia in the Ca + Fe group and the Fe group were 15% and 21.5%, respectively. After 3 mo follow-up, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia dropped significantly (P < 0.001) to 3% in both groups (chi(2) = NS). Iron dietary intake was within recommended levels, but calcium intake only covered 39% of the Recommended Daily Intake. Conclusion: Combined calcium and iron supplementation is equally as effective as single iron supplementation in reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Bolivian school children. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Miranda, Melissa; Olivares, Manuel; Brito, Alex; Pizarro, Fernando] Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Micronutr Lab, Santiago, Chile. [Brito, Alex] Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA USA. RP Pizarro, F (reprint author), Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Micronutr Lab, Santiago, Chile. EM Fpizarro@inta.uchile.cl RI Brito, Alex/I-2858-2013 OI Brito, Alex/0000-0002-6212-8814 FU FONDECYT,Chile [1061060] FX This study was supported by FONDECYT 1061060, Chile. MO and FP designed the research. MM, MO, and FP conducted the research. FP, MM, and AB analyzed the data, MM and AB wrote the paper, and FP had primary responsibility for the final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 EI 1873-1244 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 7-8 BP 771 EP 775 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2013.12.008 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AL7IB UT WOS:000339306300006 PM 24984991 ER PT J AU Poulose, SM Fisher, DR Bielinski, DF Gomes, SM Rimando, AM Schauss, AG Shukitt-Hale, B AF Poulose, Shibu M. Fisher, Derek R. Bielinski, Donna F. Gomes, Stacey M. Rimando, Agnes M. Schauss, Alexander G. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara TI Restoration of stressor-induced calcium dysregulation and autophagy inhibition by polyphenol-rich acai (Euterpe spp.) fruit pulp extracts in rodent brain cells in vitro SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Acai; Brain health; Polyphenols; Neurons; Autophagy; Oxidative stress; Inflammation ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; METABOLIC-RATE; AGED RATS; PROTECTION; QUERCETIN AB Objectives: Oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in the brain often causes progressive neuronal degeneration and death that are the focal traits of chronic and acute pathologies, including those involving cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the specific effects of both Euterpe oleracea and Euterpe precatoria acai fruit pulp on restoring stressor-induced calcium dysregulation, stunted growth of basal dendrites, and autophagy inhibition using embryonic hippocampal and HT22 hippocampal neurons. Methods: Water-soluble whole fruit pulp extracts from two acai species were applied to rat primary neurons and HT22 hippocampal neurons with varied time and concentrations. Recovery of neurons from dopamine-induced Ca2+ dysregulation was measured by live cell imaging using fluorescent microscopy. The effect of acai fruit pulp extracts on neurons following chemically-induced autophagy inhibition was measured using both immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques. Results: It has been postulated that at least part of the loss of cognitive function in aging may depend on a dysregulation in calcium ion (Ca2+) homeostasis and a loss of autophagy function in the brain, which affects numerous signaling pathways and alters protein homeostasis. In the present study, polyphenol-rich fruit pulp extracts from two species of acai, Euterpe precatoria and Euterpe oleracea, when applied to rat hippocampal primary neuronal cells (E18), caused a significant (P < 0.05) recovery of depolarized brain cells from dopamine-induced Ca2+ influx. Autophagy, a protein homeostasis mechanism in brain, when blocked by known inhibitors such as bafilomycin A1 or wortmannin, caused a significant reduction in the growth of primary basal dendrites in rodent primary hippocampal neurons and significant accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins in mouse HT22 hippocampal neurons in culture. However, pretreatment with acai extracts up to 1 mg/mL significantly increased the length of basal dendrites and attenuated the inhibitor-induced autophagy dysfunction. Acai extracts activated the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, increased the turnover of autophagosomes and MAP1 B LC3-II, and decreased accumulation of LC3-ubiquitin binding P62/SQSTM1. Conclusion: Although the polyphenol profile of Euterpe precatoria showed substantially higher concentrations of major flavonoids han Euterpe oleracea, the relative effects were essentially similar for both species. The study adds to growing evidence that supports the putative health effects of acai fruit species on brain cells. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Poulose, Shibu M.; Fisher, Derek R.; Bielinski, Donna F.; Gomes, Stacey M.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara] Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rimando, Agnes M.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Schauss, Alexander G.] AIBMR Life Sci, Nat & Med Prod Res, Puyallup, WA USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Barbara.Shukitthale@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; AIBMR Life Sciences FX The authors acknowledge Naomi Harper for her technical assistance. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The research was supported by funding from cooperative agreement between USDA-ARS and AIBMR Life Sciences. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 EI 1873-1244 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 7-8 BP 853 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2013.11.011 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AL7IB UT WOS:000339306300019 PM 24985004 ER PT J AU Elpidina, EN Filippova, IY Semashko, TA Vorotnikova, EA Sharikova, VF Vinokurov, KS Fallis, L Oppert, B AF Elpidina, Elena N. Filippova, Irina Y. Semashko, Tatiana A. Vorotnikova, Elena A. Sharikova, Valeriya F. Vinokurov, Konstantin S. Fallis, Lyndsey Oppert, Brenda TI Highly Selective Peptide Substrates For The Assay Of Cysteine Peptidases From The C1 Family SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Symposium of the Protein-Society CY JUL 27-30, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP Prot Soc, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Biochemistry C1 [Elpidina, Elena N.; Semashko, Tatiana A.; Vorotnikova, Elena A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow, Russia. [Filippova, Irina Y.; Sharikova, Valeriya F.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow, Russia. [Vinokurov, Konstantin S.] Biol Ctr AV CR, Entomol Inst, Ceske Budejovice, South Bohemian, Czech Republic. [Fallis, Lyndsey; Oppert, Brenda] ARS, USDA, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. RI Vinokurov, Konstantin/F-9521-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0961-8368 EI 1469-896X J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 SU 1 MA 03-298 BP 199 EP 199 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AM0OU UT WOS:000339545700288 ER PT J AU Naumann, TA Wicklow, DT Ward, TJ Naldrett, MJ Price, NP AF Naumann, Todd A. Wicklow, Donald T. Ward, Todd J. Naldrett, Michael J. Price, Neil P. TI Polyglycine Hydrolases Secreted by Pathogenic Fungi SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Symposium of the Protein-Society CY JUL 27-30, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP Prot Soc, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Biochemistry C1 [Naldrett, Michael J.] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. [Naumann, Todd A.; Wicklow, Donald T.; Ward, Todd J.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. [Price, Neil P.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0961-8368 EI 1469-896X J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 SU 1 MA 04-317 BP 209 EP 210 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AM0OU UT WOS:000339545700307 ER PT J AU Runyon, MJ Tyers, DB Sowell, BF Gower, CN AF Runyon, Molly J. Tyers, Daniel B. Sowell, Bok F. Gower, Claire N. TI Aspen Restoration Using Beaver on the Northern Yellowstone Winter Range under Reduced Ungulate Herbivory SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beaver restoration; elk; recruitment; riparian area; trophic cascade; vegetation cover ID MEDIATED TROPHIC CASCADE; WOLF REINTRODUCTION; PREDATION RISK; NATIONAL-PARK; ELK; WOLVES; FIRE; USA; RECRUITMENT; MONTANA AB Ungulate browsing and lack of overstory disturbance have historically prevented aspen regeneration on the Northern Yellowstone Winter Range (NYWR). Aspen clones regenerate if sprouts are produced that grow into recruitment stems (>2 m tall) and replace the mature overstory. Beaver reintroduced in 1991 to Eagle Creek on the NYWR facilitated aspen restoration by removing overstory trees and increasing sprouting. However, intense ungulate browsing, primarily from the Northern Yellowstone elk herd, was preventing aspen recruitment in Eagle Creek as of 2005. Since 2005, wolf predation has contributed to a 56% decrease in this elk herd. We investigated the effects of beaver reintroduction, ungulate herbivory, and predator-mediated declines in elk numbers on aspen regeneration in Eagle Creek from 1997 to 2012. Aerial photos of Eagle Creek in 2005 and 2011 showed that the aspen overstory has not been replaced 21 years after beaver reintroduction (p > 0.05). Sprouting and recruitment were investigated using 4-m radius circular plots (n = 31) established throughout Eagle Creek in 1997 and monitored annually until 2012. Beaver activity stimulated sprouting in 71% of these plots. In 2012, 77% of the plots had >= 1 recruitment stem and 75% of the paired plots associated with exclosures (n = 16) had aspen stems with an average height >= 2 m. Recent increases in aspen recruitment in Eagle Creek indicate that aspen communities are regenerating. This has likely resulted from decreased ungulate browsing pressure on aspen saplings from 2005 to 2012. These findings are consistent with the predictions of a density-mediated trophic cascade following wolf reintroduction. C1 [Runyon, Molly J.; Sowell, Bok F.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Tyers, Daniel B.] US Forest Serv, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Gower, Claire N.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk Reg 3 Off, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Sowell, BF (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Anim Biosci Bldg,POB 172900, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bok@montana.edu FU Montana State University, Department of Animal and Range Sciences; Hormay Memorial Range Award Fund; U.S. Forest Service; Gardiner Ranger District; Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was supported by the Montana State University, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, the Hormay Memorial Range Award Fund, the U.S. Forest Service, the Gardiner Ranger District, Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Dick and Mary Ohman and Gerry Bennett also provided funding for this project. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 100 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 22 IS 4 BP 555 EP 561 DI 10.1111/rec.12105 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM2EP UT WOS:000339662400016 ER PT J AU Boscan-Duque, L Valeris-Chacin, R Boscan-Ocando, J Gil-Araujo, M Pino-Ramirez, D Perez, A Irausquin, X Leon, J Hoet, A Wittum, T AF Boscan-Duque, Leonardo Valeris-Chacin, Robert Boscan-Ocando, Julio Gil-Araujo, Marcelo Pino-Ramirez, Disney Perez, Adalberto Irausquin, Xiomara Leon, Jorge Hoet, Armando Wittum, Thomas TI Seroepidemiological Study of Viral Activity of Foot and Mouth Diseases through the Test 3ABC Elisa in Cattle from Zulia State-Venezuela SO REVISTA CIENTIFICA-FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS LA Spanish DT Article DE Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Prevalence; 3ABC ELISA AB Bovines from all age groups of 21 Municipalities of the Zulia State were sampled to determine the seroprevalence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) using 3ABC ELISA. One thousand two hundred eighty one (1281) serum samples were collected and the presence of antibodies against FMD virus was assessed through 3ABC ELISA at the Infectious Diseases Diagnosis and Research laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zulia. Sample size was determined following a proportionally and intentionally stratified sampling technique: a confidence level of 95% and error of 2.737% at animal level; and a confidence level of 95% and error of 4.778% at herd level. Data were registered in Excel spread-sheets and then they were analyzed through SAS/STAT software (version 9.2). Results were as following: general FMD seroprevalence was 23.77% at herd level (97/408). Counties with the highest seroprevalence levels were Machiques de Perija, Catatumbo, Colon, and la Canada de Urdaneta (57.58, 54.72, 47.62 and 31.58%, respectively). As for herd size, observed seroprevalence was 7.69% in herds of < 25 animals, 8.57% in herds of 25-63 animals, 54.31% in herds of 64-119 animals, and 18.75% in herds of > 120 animals. As for age groups, the highest seroprevalence was observed in cows (25.18%), followed by bulls (16.67%), heifers (12.61%), steers (10.34%), male calves (8.61%), female yearlings (7.85%), female calves (6.67%), and male yearlings (6.15%) for a general FMD seroprevalence of 13.83% at animal level. In conclusion, viral circulation is high, especially in some Counties with intense livestock activities, and in farms with greater amounts of animals (especially cows). C1 [Boscan-Duque, Leonardo; Valeris-Chacin, Robert; Boscan-Ocando, Julio; Gil-Araujo, Marcelo; Pino-Ramirez, Disney] LUZ, Fac Ciencias Vet, Maracaibo, Venezuela. [Perez, Adalberto; Irausquin, Xiomara] Gobemac Estado Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela. [Leon, Jorge] USDA, APHIS, Washington, DC USA. [Hoet, Armando; Wittum, Thomas] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Boscan-Duque, L (reprint author), LUZ, Fac Ciencias Vet, Maracaibo, Venezuela. EM leoboscan17@yahoo.com NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV ZULIA, FACULTAD CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS PI MARACAIBO PA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA, MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA SN 0798-2259 J9 REV CIENT-FAC CIEN V JI Rev. Cient.-Fac. Cienc. Vet. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AM1WX UT WOS:000339641100004 ER PT J AU Macdonald, S Pan, S Hudson, D Tuan, F AF Macdonald, Stephen Pan, Suwen Hudson, Darren Tuan, Francis TI Toward a consumer economy in China: implications of changing wage policies for US cotton exports SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (NQAIDS); Cotton; Clothing; China; Trade; Industrial policy ID ELASTICITIES; DEMAND; MODELS AB The effect of a Chinese minimum wage increase on China's textile market as well as on the world cotton market is evaluated. Based on a Nonlinear Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (NQAIDS) model of China's textile demand, the results suggest that the income elasticity for textiles is around 0.6 in China, and that apparel is less price responsive than home textiles and other textile products. Simulation results suggest that a minimum wage increase would raise Chinese domestic textile consumption and lower Chinese textile exports. Most of the decline in textile exports by China is offset by expansion in other countries' domestic textile production and results in a slight increase in world cotton mill utilization and higher clothing prices. C1 [Macdonald, Stephen] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Pan, Suwen] World Agr Econ & Environm Serv, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Hudson, Darren] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Tuan, Francis] Renmin Univ, Sch Agr Econ & Rural Dev, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. RP Pan, S (reprint author), World Agr Econ & Environm Serv, 3215 S Providence Rd,Suite C, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM span@waees-llc.com FU ERS, USDA FX The authors would like to thank ERS, USDA for providing funding, U.S. Cotton Council for sharing the survey data, an anonymous reviewer, and editor Shively for comments. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services, Texas Tech University, and Renmin University. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 45 IS 4 BP 513 EP 524 DI 10.1111/agec.12103 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA AL6XW UT WOS:000339278100010 ER PT J AU Cudmore, WW Bury, RB AF Cudmore, Wynn W. Bury, R. Bruce TI Resource Partitioning in Two Stream Salamanders, Dicamptodon tenebrosus and Rhyacotriton cascadae, from the Oregon Cascade Mountains SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN TORRENT SALAMANDER; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; OLYMPIC SALAMANDER; FEEDING ECOLOGY; AMPHIBIANS; OVERLAP; HABITAT; LARVAE; DIET; FOOD AB We investigated the potential for resource partitioning between the Coastal giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) and the Cascade torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton cascadae) by examining their diet and microhabitats in forest streams. Larval D. tenebrosus and R. cascadae fed primarily upon aquatic insect larvae. We found similar foods in larval and adult R. cascadae and combined these results. Dicamptodon larvae consumed ephemeropteran, plecopteran, and trichopteran larvae in about equal amounts whereas R. cascadae ate more trichopteran and less ephemeropteran larvae than D. tenebrosus. Diet of all R. cascadae overlapped more with smaller than larger sized D. tenebrosus larvae. Comparisons of diets with available foods indicated R. cascadae is more selective or more gape-limited in its feeding habits than D. tenebrosus larvae. The two salamanders differed in use of microhabitats in creeks, which may contribute to their diet differences. C1 [Cudmore, Wynn W.] Chemeketa Community Coll, Dept Life Sci, Salem, OR 97309 USA. [Bury, R. Bruce] US Forest Serv, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cudmore, WW (reprint author), Chemeketa Community Coll, Dept Life Sci, Salem, OR 97309 USA. EM wynn.cudmore@chemeketa.edu FU U.S. Forest Service; Old Growth Wildlife Habitat Program Contribution [48] FX We thank F. F. Gilbert, J. O. Whitaker, Jr., C. A. Pearl and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. At Washington State University R. Zack confirmed our insect identifications and C. Elstad identified several miscellaneous invertebrates. We had a Scientific Study permit from the State of Oregon. Field work was funded by the U.S. Forest Service and this paper represents Old Growth Wildlife Habitat Program Contribution No. 48. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 172 IS 1 BP 191 EP 199 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL2ID UT WOS:000338948300013 ER PT J AU Akao, H Polisecki, E Schaefer, EJ Trompet, S Robertson, M Ford, I Jukema, JW de Craen, AJM Packard, C Buckley, BM Kajinami, K AF Akao, Hironobu Polisecki, Eliana Schaefer, Ernst J. Trompet, Stella Robertson, Michele Ford, Ian Jukema, J. Wouter de Craen, Anton J. M. Packard, Christopher Buckley, Brendan M. Kajinami, Kouji CA PROspective Study Pravastatin Elde TI ABCA1 gene variation and heart disease risk reduction in the elderly during pravastatin treatment SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE ABCA1 gene; Statins; Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; lowering response; Heart disease risk reduction ID CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING RESPONSE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; TANGIER-DISEASE; LOCUS; PROSPER; POPULATION; DEFICIENCY; PREDICTION; MUTATIONS AB Aims: Our goals were to examine the relationships of a specific ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) variant, rs2230806 (R219K), on baseline lipids, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering due to pravastatin, baseline heart disease, and cardiac endpoints on trial. Methods and results: The ABCA1 R219K variant was assessed in 5414 participants in PROSPER (PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk) (mean age 75.3 years), who had been randomized to pravastatin 40 mg/day or placebo and followed for a mean of 3.2 years. Of these subjects 47.6% carried the variant, with 40.0% carrying one allele, and 7.6% carrying both alleles. No effects on baseline LDL-C levels were noted, but mean HDL-C increased modestly according to the number of variant alleles being present (1.27 vs 1.28 vs 1.30 mmol/L, p = 0.024). No relationships between the presence or absence of this variant and statin induced LDL-C lowering response or CHD at baseline were noted. However within trial those with the variant as compared to those without the variant, the overall adjusted hazard ratio for new cardiovascular disease (fatal CHD, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or fatal or non-fatal stroke) was 1.22 (95% CI 1.06-1.40, p = 0.006), while for those in the pravastatin group it was 1.41 (1.15-1.73, p = 0.001), and for those in the placebo group it was 1.08 (0.89-1.30, p = 0.447) (p for interaction 0.058). Conclusion: Our data indicate that subjects with the ABCA1 R219K variant may get significantly less heart disease risk reduction from pravastatin treatment than those without the variant. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Akao, Hironobu; Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Akao, Hironobu; Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Akao, Hironobu; Kajinami, Kouji] Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. [Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Boston Heart Diagnost, Framingham, MA USA. [Trompet, Stella; Jukema, J. Wouter; de Craen, Anton J. M.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Leiden, Netherlands. [Trompet, Stella; Jukema, J. Wouter; de Craen, Anton J. M.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Gerontol & Geriat, Leiden, Netherlands. [Robertson, Michele; Ford, Ian] Univ Glasgow, Robertson Ctr Biostat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Packard, Christopher] Univ Glasgow, Dept Vasc Biochem, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Buckley, Brendan M.] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Cork, Ireland. RP Kajinami, K (reprint author), Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. EM kajinami@kanazawa-med.ac.jp FU National Institutes of Health [R01 HL74753]; Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture [53-1950-5-003]; Rotary Foundation, Evanston, Illinois; Kanazawa Medical University [SR2012-02, C2011-3]; High-Tech Research Center of Kanazawa Medical University [2010-2012, 2011-2012]; European commission [223004]; Netherlands Genomics Initiative (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging grant) [050-060-810] FX This research was supported by grant R01 HL74753 from the National Institutes of Health (EJS), contract 53-1950-5-003 from the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture (EJS), by the Rotary Foundation, Evanston, Illinois (HA), and by Grant for Specially Promoted Research from Kanazawa Medical University (SR2012-02) (HA), by a Grant for Collaborative Research from Kanazawa Medical University (C2011-3) (KK), and by Grants for Project Research from the High-Tech Research Center of Kanazawa Medical University (2010-2012, 2011-2012) (KK). Support for this research provided by the seventh framework program of the European commission (grant 223004) and by the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging grant 050-060-810) (JWJ). NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 EI 1879-1484 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 2014 VL 235 IS 1 BP 176 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.030 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA AL8NH UT WOS:000339395500025 PM 24854628 ER PT J AU Muhammad, A Leister, AM McPhail, L Chen, W AF Muhammad, Andrew Leister, Amanda M. McPhail, Lihong Chen, Wei TI The evolution of foreign wine demand in China SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE China; demand analysis; imports; rolling regression; Rotterdam model; wine ID UNITED-KINGDOM; NEW-WORLD; SYSTEM; REGRESSION; MARKET; TIME AB We estimate source-differentiated wine demand in China using the absolute price version of the Rotterdam demand system. Within the last decade, China has gone from obscurity to an important participant in global wine trade. The continual growth of Chinese wine imports suggests that a one-time structural shift approach may not fully capture how consumption patterns or demand preferences have changed over time. Thus, a rolling or moving regression procedure is used to account for continual adjustments in import demand patterns and to evaluate overall parameter instability. Our results confirm that Chinese consumers hold French wine in high regard and that French wine demand has consistently increased over the last decade, more than any other exporting source. Consumers in China have gone from allocating about 1/3 to over 1/2 of every dollar to French wine and the expenditure elasticity for French wine mostly increased while the market was expanding. Although Australian wine has a very solid standing in the Chinese market, results suggest that its market share will likely remain unchanged. Marginal budget share and expenditure elasticity estimates indicate that Australia will continue to account for about 20 per cent of the foreign wine market in China. C1 [Muhammad, Andrew; McPhail, Lihong] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Leister, Amanda M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chen, Wei] Shanghai Univ Finance & Econ, Sch Publ Econ & Adm, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Muhammad, A (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM amuhammad@ers.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-985X EI 1467-8489 J9 AUST J AGR RESOUR EC JI Aust. J. Agr. Resour. Econ. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 58 IS 3 BP 392 EP 408 DI 10.1111/1467-8489.12029 PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA AL8HP UT WOS:000339379300006 ER PT J AU Prichard, SJ Karau, EC Ottmar, RD Kennedy, MC Cronan, JB Wright, CS Keane, RE AF Prichard, Susan J. Karau, Eva C. Ottmar, Roger D. Kennedy, Maureen C. Cronan, James B. Wright, Clinton S. Keane, Robert E. TI Evaluation of the CONSUME and FOFEM fuel consumption models in pine and mixed hardwood forests of the eastern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article DE fuel consumption; model validation; CONSUME; FOFEM; eastern United States ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; BURNOUT MODEL; CALIBRATION; COMMUNITIES; VALIDATION; FIRES; US AB Reliable predictions of fuel consumption are critical in the eastern United States (US), where prescribed burning is frequently applied to forests and air quality is of increasing concern. CONSUME and the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM), predictive models developed to estimate fuel consumption and emissions from wildland fires, have not been systematically evaluated for application in the eastern US using the same validation data set. In this study, we compiled a fuel consumption data set from 54 operational prescribed fires (43 pine and 11 mixed hardwood sites) to assess each model's uncertainties and application limits. Regions of indifference between measured and predicted values by fuel category and forest type represent the potential error that modelers could incur in estimating fuel consumption by category. Overall, FOFEM predictions have narrower regions of indifference than CONSUME and suggest better correspondence between measured and predicted consumption. However, both models offer reliable predictions of live fuel (shrubs and herbaceous vegetation) and 1 h fine fuels. Results suggest that CONSUME and FOFEM can be improved in their predictive capability for woody fuel, litter, and duff consumption for eastern US forests. Because of their high biomass and potential smoke management problems, refining estimates of litter and duff consumption is of particular importance. C1 [Prichard, Susan J.; Kennedy, Maureen C.; Cronan, James B.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Karau, Eva C.] Fire Modeling Inst, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Ottmar, Roger D.; Wright, Clinton S.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Keane, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Prichard, SJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sprich@u.washington.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program [08-1-6-01] FX We acknowledge funding from the Joint Fire Science Program under project number 08-1-6-01 and thank our cooperators, including John Ashcraft (Mammoth Caves National Park), Bob Broyles and Mike Bowden (Ohio Division of Forestry), Jeffrey Lewis (Daniel Boone National Forest), Steve Smestad and Steve Croy (George Washington and Jefferson National Forest), Eugene Watkins (Apalachicola National Forest), Greg Titus (St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge), and Kevin Hiers and Brett Williams (Jackson Guard, Eglin Air Force Base). We also thank Jon Dvorak, Shawn Smith, Travis Freed, Jon McDuffey, Joe Restaino, Cameron Balog, and Aarin Sengsirirak for field data collection and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on this manuscript. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 784 EP 795 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2013-0499 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL3BB UT WOS:000338998800012 ER PT J AU Lynch, TB Gove, JH AF Lynch, Thomas B. Gove, Jeffrey H. TI The unbiasedness of a generalized mirage boundary correction method for Monte Carlo integration estimators of volume SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article DE critical height sampling; importance sampling; Monte Carlo integration ID CYLINDRICAL-SHELLS; VARIANCE REDUCTION; TREE-VOLUME; OVERLAP AB The typical "double counting" application of the mirage method of boundary correction cannot be applied to sampling systems such as critical height sampling (CHS) that are based on a Monte Carlo sample of a tree (or debris) attribute because the critical height (or other random attribute) sampled from a mirage point is generally not equal to the critical height measured from the original sample point. A generalization of the mirage method is proposed for CHS and related techniques in which new samples of critical heights or other dimensions are obtained from mirage points outside the tract boundary. This is necessary because, in the case of CHS, the critical height actually depends on the distance between the tree and a randomly located sample point. Other spatially referenced individual tree attribute or coarse woody debris (CWD) estimators that use Monte Carlo integration with importance sampling have been developed in which the tree or CWD attribute estimate also depends on the distance between the tree and the sample point. The proposed modified mirage method is shown to be design unbiased. The proof includes general application to Monte Carlo integration estimators for objects such as CWD sampled from points. C1 [Lynch, Thomas B.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Gove, Jeffrey H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Lynch, TB (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM tom.lynch@okstate.edu FU [OKL0-2843] FX We thank Mark Ducey, Timothy Gregoire, Kim Iles, Harry Valentine, Mike Williams, and an anonymous reviewer for their review comments. We also thank an anonymous reviewer of Lynch and Gove (2013), who suggested that we examine edge effects with the estimators contained in that article. This paper has been approved for publication by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station and supported by project OKL0-2843. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 810 EP 819 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0031 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AL3BB UT WOS:000338998800014 ER PT J AU Lanphere, JD Rogers, B Luth, C Bolster, CH Walker, SL AF Lanphere, Jacob D. Rogers, Brandon Luth, Corey Bolster, Carl H. Walker, Sharon L. TI Stability and Transport of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles in Groundwater and Surface Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE artificial groundwater; artificial surface water; graphene oxide nanoparticles; natural organic matter; solution chemistry; stability; Suwannee River humic acid; transport in porous media ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; HUMIC-ACID; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; CARBON NANOTUBES; IONIC-STRENGTH; MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIALS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; CORRELATION EQUATION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT AB The effects of groundwater and surface water constituents (i.e., natural organic matter [NOM] and the presence of a complex assortment of ions) on graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) were investigated to provide additional insight into the factors contributing to fate and the mechanisms involved in their transport in soil, groundwater, and surface water environments. The stability and transport of GONPs was investigated using dynamic light scattering, electrokinetic characterization, and packed bed column experiments. Stability results showed that the hydrodynamic diameter of the GONPs at a similar ionic strength (2.1 +/- 1.1 mM) was 10 times greater in groundwater environments compared with surface water and NaCl and MgCl2 suspensions. Transport results confirmed that in groundwater, GONPs are less stable and are more likely to be removed during transport in porous media. In surface water and MgCl2 and NaCl suspensions, the relative recovery was 94%+/- 3% indicating that GONPs will be very mobile in surface waters. Additional experiments were carried out in monovalent (KCl) and divalent (CaCl2) salts across an environmentally relevant concentration range (0.1-10 mg/L) of NOM using Suwannee River humic acid. Overall, the transport and stability of GONPs was increased in the presence of NOM. This study confirms that planar "carbonaceous-oxide'' materials follow traditional theory for stability and transport, both due to their response to ionic strength, valence, and NOM presence and is the first to look at GONP transport across a wide range of representative conditions found in surface and groundwater environments. C1 [Lanphere, Jacob D.; Rogers, Brandon; Luth, Corey; Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bolster, Carl H.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Bowling Green, KY USA. RP Walker, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Bourns Hall A242, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM swalker@engr.ucr.edu FU National Science Foundation [DGE-0813967]; University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC-CEIN) (National Science Foundation) [DBI-0830117]; University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC-CEIN) (Environmental Protection Agency) [DBI-0830117]; USDA HSI [2010-02025]; NSF [0954130] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. (DGE-0813967) and the University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC-CEIN) (National Science Foundation and Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement # DBI-0830117). Any opinion, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This work has not been subjected to EPA review and no official endorsement should be inferred. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Mark Hersam from Northwestern University for providing us with the GONPs used in this study in partnership with the UC-CEIN. We would also like to thank Nikhita D. Mansukhani for her help regarding the synthesis and characterization of the GONPs. Finally, we are thankful for the help from undergraduate research assistants Brandon Rogers (funded by a USDA HSI Grant # 2010-02025) and Corey Luth (funded by an NSF Career Award # 0954130). NR 75 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 13 U2 105 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 EI 1557-9018 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 31 IS 7 SI SI BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1089/ees.2013.0392 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL5ID UT WOS:000339166200004 PM 25053876 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Kantar, MB Kono, TY Fu, FL Stec, AO Song, QJ Cregan, PB Specht, JE Diers, BW Cannon, SB McHale, LK Stupar, RM AF Anderson, Justin E. Kantar, Michael B. Kono, Thomas Y. Fu, Fengli Stec, Adrian O. Song, Qijian Cregan, Perry B. Specht, James E. Diers, Brian W. Cannon, Steven B. McHale, Leah K. Stupar, Robert M. TI A Roadmap for Functional Structural Variants in the Soybean Genome SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; soybean structural variation; CNV; nested association mapping ID COPY NUMBER VARIATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENETIC-VARIATION; POD CORN; RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE; PATTERNS; MAIZE; AMPLIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Gene structural variation (SV) has recently emerged as a key genetic mechanism underlying several important phenotypic traits in crop species. We screened a panel of 41 soybean (Glycine max) accessions serving as parents in a soybean nested association mapping population for deletions and duplications in more than 53,000 gene models. Array hybridization and whole genome resequencing methods were used as complementary technologies to identify SV in 1528 genes, or approximately 2.8%, of the soybean gene models. Although SV occurs throughout the genome, SV enrichment was noted in families of biotic defense response genes. Among accessions, SV was nearly eightfold less frequent for gene models that have retained paralogs since the last whole genome duplication event, compared with genes that have not retained paralogs. Increases in gene copy number, similar to that described at the Rhg1 resistance locus, account for approximately one-fourth of the genic SV events. This assessment of soybean SV occurrence presents a target list of genes potentially responsible for rapidly evolving and/or adaptive traits. C1 [Anderson, Justin E.; Kantar, Michael B.; Kono, Thomas Y.; Fu, Fengli; Stec, Adrian O.; Stupar, Robert M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kantar, Michael B.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Song, Qijian; Cregan, Perry B.] ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Specht, James E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Diers, Brian W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cannon, Steven B.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McHale, Leah K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Stupar, RM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rstupar@umn.edu RI Anderson, Justin/R-3007-2016; OI Anderson, Justin/0000-0001-7642-4641; Stupar, Robert/0000-0002-8836-2924 FU United Soybean Boar [1320-532-5688, 2241, 9241]; National Science Foundation [1229956] FX We are grateful to Carroll Vance and Gary Muehlbauer for contributing to the development of the comparative genomic hybridization platform and offering helpful suggestions throughout this project. We thank Matt Hudson for facilitating access to the sequence data and Peter Morrell for reviewing the manuscript and contributing many excellent suggestions. This work was supported by the United Soybean Board (project numbers 1320-532-5688, 2241, and 9241) and National Science Foundation (project number 1229956). Justin E. Anderson, Perry B. Cregan, James E. Specht, Brian W. Diers, NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1307 EP 1318 DI 10.1534/g3.114.011551 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AL7PK UT WOS:000339326600012 PM 24855315 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Lee, XH Griffis, TJ Baker, JM Erickson, MD Hu, N Xiao, W AF Zhang, Xin Lee, Xuhui Griffis, Timothy J. Baker, John M. Erickson, Matt D. Hu, Ning Xiao, Wei TI The influence of plants on atmospheric methane in an agriculture-dominated landscape SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methane; Corn; Soybean; Agriculture; Land surface flux; Footprint analysis ID IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS; TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; EDDY COVARIANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; MINNESOTA PEATLAND; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; INNER-MONGOLIA; NITROUS-OXIDE; EMISSIONS AB The primary objective of this study was to clarify the influence of crop plants on atmospheric methane (CH4) in an agriculture-dominated landscape in the Upper Midwest of the United States. Measurements were carried out at two contrasting scales. At the plant scale, CH4 fluxes from soybean and corn plants were measured with a laser-based plant chamber system. At the landscape scale, the land surface flux was estimated with a modified Bowen ratio technique using measurements made on a tall tower. The chamber data revealed a diurnal pattern for the plant CH4 flux: it was positive (an emission rate of 0.4 +/- 0.1 nmol m(-2) s(-1), average of soybean and corn, in reference to the unit ground area) during the day, and negative (an uptake rate of -0.8 +/- 0.8 nmol m(-2) s(-1)) during the night. At the landscape scale, the flux was estimated to be 14.8 nmol m(-2) s(-1) at night and highly uncertain during the day, but the available references and the flux estimates from the equilibrium methods suggested that the CH4 flux during the entire observation period was similar to the estimated nighttime flux. Thus, soybean and corn plants have a negligible role in the landscape-scale CH4 budget. C1 [Zhang, Xin; Lee, Xuhui] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Griffis, Timothy J.; Erickson, Matt D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Baker, John M.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. [Hu, Ning; Xiao, Wei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Appl Meteorol, Yale NUIST Ctr Atmospher Environm, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM xin.zhang@yale.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; Xiao, Wei/G-6586-2012; Zhang, Xin/K-8264-2016 OI Xiao, Wei/0000-0002-9199-2177; Zhang, Xin/0000-0003-1619-1537 FU Ministry of Education of China (grant PCSIRT); Rice Family Foundation; Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies; USDA [NIFA/2010-65112-20528] FX We would like to thank the University of Minnesota UMore Park for use of the facilities. Funding was provided by the Ministry of Education of China (grant PCSIRT), the Rice Family Foundation, the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, and USDA NIFA/2010-65112-20528. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 EI 1432-1254 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 58 IS 5 BP 819 EP 833 DI 10.1007/s00484-013-0662-y PG 15 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA AL4LU UT WOS:000339105300019 PM 23612798 ER PT J AU Westbrook, JK Eyster, RS Wolf, WW AF Westbrook, J. K. Eyster, R. S. Wolf, W. W. TI WSR-88D doppler radar detection of corn earworm moth migration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insect; Biometeorology; Aerobiology; Aeroecology; Dispersal ID MONITORING INSECT MIGRATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEASONAL MIGRATION; VERTICAL-LOOKING; BIRD MIGRATION; CROSS-SECTION; SOUTH TEXAS; BOHAI SEA; FLIGHT; LEPIDOPTERA AB Corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (CEW) populations infesting one crop production area may rapidly migrate and infest distant crop production areas. Although entomological radars have detected corn earworm moth migrations, the spatial extent of the radar coverage has been limited to a small horizontal view above crop production areas. The Weather Service Radar (version 88D) (WSR-88D) continuously monitors the radar-transmitted energy reflected by, and radial speed of, biota as well as by precipitation over areas that may encompass crop production areas. We analyzed data from the WSR-88D radar (S-band) at Brownsville, Texas, and related these data to aerial concentrations of CEW estimated by a scanning entomological radar (X-band) and wind velocity measurements from rawinsonde and pilot balloon ascents. The WSR-88D radar reflectivity was positively correlated (r (2) = 0.21) with the aerial concentration of corn earworm-size insects measured by a scanning X-band radar. WSR-88D radar constant altitude plan position indicator estimates of wind velocity were positively correlated with wind speed (r (2) = 0.56) and wind direction (r (2) = 0.63) measured by pilot balloons and rawinsondes. The results reveal that WSR-88D radar measurements of insect concentration and displacement speed and direction can be used to estimate the migratory flux of corn earworms and other nocturnal insects, information that could benefit areawide pest management programs. In turn, identification of the effects of spatiotemporal patterns of migratory flights of corn earworm-size insects on WSR-88D radar measurements may lead to the development of algorithms that increase the accuracy of WSR-88D radar measurements of reflectivity and wind velocity for operational meteorology. C1 [Westbrook, J. K.; Eyster, R. S.; Wolf, W. W.] ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Westbrook, JK (reprint author), ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, USDA, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM john.westbrook@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 EI 1432-1254 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 58 IS 5 BP 931 EP 940 DI 10.1007/s00484-013-0676-5 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA AL4LU UT WOS:000339105300029 PM 23748420 ER PT J AU Sharma-Poudyal, D Chen, XM Rupp, RA AF Sharma-Poudyal, Dipak Chen, Xianming Rupp, Richard Alan TI Potential oversummering and overwintering regions for the wheat stripe rust pathogen in the contiguous United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE GIS; Oversummering; Overwintering; Pathogen survival; Puccinia striiformis; Stripe rust; Yellow rust ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; TEMPERATURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVIVAL; UREDOSPORES; GERMINATION; INFECTION; RECONDITA; DISPERSAL AB Epidemics of wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), are more frequent in the regions where Pst can oversummer and overwinter. Regions for potential oversummering and overwintering of Pst were determined in the contiguous United States using a survival index (SI) ranging from 0 (most unfavorable) to 10 (most favorable) developed based on long-term weather data. The pathogen can survive in cool summer in the most regions north of latitude 40A degrees N, particularly Washington, Idaho, Montana, Oregon and California. Due to limiting high temperatures, it survives marginally during summer in Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island and Texas. Similarly, unfavorable hot summer restricts summer survival of the pathogen in the most regions south of 40A degrees N except for highlands in the Rocky or Appalachian Mountains. Warm winters favor fungal survival in most regions south of 40A degrees N and the Pacific Coast, including Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas and Washington. Severe winters do not allow survival in most regions north of 40A degrees N and east of the Rocky Mountains, whereas less severe winter in Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah and Virginia permits marginal survival of Pst. Most wheat-growing regions have climatic suitability for either oversummering or overwintering. Both oversummering and overwintering can occur in the Pacific Northwest (Idaho, Oregon and Washington), Arizona, California, North Carolina, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia. These regions may provide primary inoculum for stripe rust epidemics in their own and surrounding regions. C1 [Sharma-Poudyal, Dipak; Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rupp, Richard Alan] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@wsu.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [5348-22000-014-00D]; Washington State University PPNS [13C-3061-3925, 13C-3061-3232, 0580]; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences; Agricultural Research Center [WNP00663]; Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA FX This research was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (Project No. 5348-22000-014-00D) and Washington State University (Project No. 13C-3061-3925 and 13C-3061-3232) PPNS No. 0580, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Agricultural Research Center, Project Number WNP00663, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA. We would like to thank Drs. D. A. Johnson and T. D. Murray for critical review of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 EI 1432-1254 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 58 IS 5 BP 987 EP 997 DI 10.1007/s00484-013-0683-6 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA AL4LU UT WOS:000339105300034 PM 23722926 ER PT J AU Pasiakos, SM Margolis, LM McClung, JP Cao, JJ Whigham, LD Combs, GF Young, AJ AF Pasiakos, S. M. Margolis, L. M. McClung, J. P. Cao, J. J. Whigham, L. D. Combs, G. F. Young, A. J. TI Whole-body protein turnover response to short-term high-protein diets during weight loss: a randomized controlled trial SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE weight loss; protein turnover; net balance; leucine oxidation ID LEUCINE METABOLISM; NITROGEN-BALANCE; ENERGY DEFICIT; EXERCISE; WOMEN; MEN; CARBOHYDRATE; HUMANS; OBESE; MASS AB To determine whole-body protein turnover responses to high-protein diets during weight loss, 39 adults (age, 21+/-1 years; VO2peak, 48+/-1 ml kg(-1) min(-1); body mass index, 25+/-1 kg m(2)) were randomized to diets providing protein at the recommend dietary allowance (RDA), 2 x -RDA or 3 x -RDA. A 10-day weight maintenance period preceded a 21-day, 40% energy deficit. Postabsorptive (FASTED) and postprandial (FED) whole-body protein turnover was determined during weight maintenance (day 10) and energy deficit (day 31) using [1-C-13] leucine. FASTED flux, synthesis and breakdown were lower (P<0.05) for energy deficit than weight maintenance. Protein flux and synthesis were higher (P<0.05) for FED than FASTED. Feeding attenuated (P<0.05) breakdown during weight maintenance but not energy deficit. Oxidation increased (P<0.05) between dietary protein levels and feeding stimulated oxidation, although oxidative responses to feeding were higher (P<0.05) for energy deficit than weight maintenance. FASTED net balance decreased between dietary protein levels, but in the FED state, net balance was lower for 3 x -RDA as compared with RDA and 2 x -RDA (diet-by-state, P<0.05). Consuming dietary protein at levels above the RDA, particularly 3 x -RDA, during short-term weight loss increases protein oxidation with concomitant reductions in net protein balance. C1 [Pasiakos, S. M.; Margolis, L. M.; McClung, J. P.; Young, A. J.] US Army, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Cao, J. J.; Whigham, L. D.; Combs, G. F.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Pasiakos, SM (reprint author), US Army, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Kansas St,Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM stefan.pasiakos@us.army.mil RI Pasiakos, Stefan/E-6295-2014; OI Pasiakos, Stefan/0000-0002-5378-5820; , Lee/0000-0002-0652-1304; Whigham, Leah/0000-0002-5376-8967 FU US Army Medical Research and Material Command; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7707] FX This work was supported by the US Army Medical Research and Material Command and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement no. 58-1950-7707. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 EI 1476-5497 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1015 EP 1018 DI 10.1038/ijo.2013.197 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AL5TU UT WOS:000339197000020 PM 24166063 ER PT J AU De Barro, P Goldson, S Bartsch, D Hirsch, M Jeggo, M Lowenthal, JW Macdonald, P McAllister, RRJ McCrea, R McFarlane, F Robinson, C Ritman, K Smith, J Van Klinken, R Walker, I Alexandre, JR Barry, S Beech, C Cormick, C Kearns, P Liang, Q Mankad, A McCammon, S Mestdagh, S Tapsuwan, S Walton, A AF De Barro, Paul Goldson, Stephen Bartsch, Detlef Hirsch, Mikael Jeggo, Martyn Lowenthal, John W. Macdonald, Philip McAllister, Ryan R. J. McCrea, Rod McFarlane, Fiona Robinson, Cathy Ritman, Kim Smith, Joe Van Klinken, Rieks Walker, Iain Alexandre, Juliana Ribeiro Barry, Simon Beech, Camilla Cormick, Craig Kearns, Peter Liang, Qu Mankad, Aditi McCammon, Sally Mestdagh, Sylvie Tapsuwan, Sorada Walton, Andrea TI Science into policy; improving uptake and adoption of research: outcomes and conclusions SO JOURNAL FUR VERBRAUCHERSCHUTZ UND LEBENSMITTELSICHERHEIT-JOURNAL OF CONSUMER PROTECTION AND FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [De Barro, Paul; McAllister, Ryan R. J.; McCrea, Rod; McFarlane, Fiona; Van Klinken, Rieks] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org CSIRO Biosecur Fla, Ecosci Precinct, Dutton Pk, Qld 4012, Australia. [Goldson, Stephen] C AgRes Ltd, Off Prime Ministers Sci Advisory Comm, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Bartsch, Detlef] Bundesamt Verbraucherschutz & Lebensmittelsicherh, Abt Gentech, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Hirsch, Mikael] CSIRO Food Hlth & Life Sci Ind, Black Mt, ACT 2601, Australia. [Jeggo, Martyn] Deakin Univ, Sch Med, Waurn Ponds, Vic 3216, Australia. [Lowenthal, John W.] CSIRO Biosecur Flagship, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. [Macdonald, Philip] Canadian Food Safety Author, Plant & Biotechnol Risk Assessment Unit, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y9, Canada. [Robinson, Cathy; Mankad, Aditi; Walton, Andrea] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Ritman, Kim] Dept Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Smith, Joe] Off Gene Technol Regulator, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Walker, Iain; Tapsuwan, Sorada] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia. [Alexandre, Juliana Ribeiro] Minist Agr Livestock & Food Supply, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Barry, Simon] CSIRO Computat Informat, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Beech, Camilla] Oxitec Ltd, Oxford OX14 4RX, England. [Cormick, Craig] CSIRO Corp Ctr, CSIRO Educ, Campbell, ACT 2612, Australia. [Kearns, Peter] OECD Environm Directorate, Environm Hlth & Safety Div, F-75775 Paris, France. [Liang, Qu] IAEA, Vienna Int Ctr, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [McCammon, Sally] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Biotechnol Regulatory Serv, USDA, Riverdale, MD USA. [Mestdagh, Sylvie] European Food Safety Author, I-43216 Parma, Italy. RP De Barro, P (reprint author), Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org CSIRO Biosecur Fla, Ecosci Precinct, 41 Boggo Rd, Dutton Pk, Qld 4012, Australia. EM paul.debarro@csiro.au RI De Barro, Paul/C-1724-2008; Walker, Iain/G-5457-2010; van Klinken, Rieks/B-1772-2009; Tapsuwan, Sorada/G-5869-2010; Walton, Andrea/H-1985-2013; lowenthal, john/G-4459-2010; McCrea, Rod/E-5407-2010; Mankad, Aditi/D-3382-2011; OI Walker, Iain/0000-0002-1020-5873; van Klinken, Rieks/0000-0002-7578-8977; lowenthal, john/0000-0002-0548-2497; McCrea, Rod/0000-0003-0066-6577; Goldson, Stephen/0000-0003-0057-6969 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-5751 EI 1661-5867 J9 J VERBRAUCH LEBENSM JI J. Verbrauch. Lebensm. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 9 SU 1 BP S1 EP S6 DI 10.1007/s00003-014-0897-5 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AL4PG UT WOS:000339114300001 ER PT J AU McCammon, SL AF McCammon, Sally L. TI The connections between science and biosafety SO JOURNAL FUR VERBRAUCHERSCHUTZ UND LEBENSMITTELSICHERHEIT-JOURNAL OF CONSUMER PROTECTION AND FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Science into Policy, Improving Uptake and Adoption of Research CY NOV 11-13, 2013 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP OECD Co Operat Res Programme Biol Resource Management Sustainable Agr Syst DE Biotechnology regulation; Science policy; Genetic engineering; Biosafety ID HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Science and scientific thinking have provided the scientific framework and the evidence that supported and advanced the regulation and risk assessment of genetically engineered (GE) organisms in the environment since the 1980s. This framework for risk assessment has been generally accepted around the world. Scientific societies comprised of bodies of experts continue to provide important input to regulatory processes for the biosafety of GE organisms, enhancing the weight of the input provided as a society over that of individual scientists, although the input of thoughtful, individual scientists with credible, supported arguments should not be underestimated. Such efforts provide confidence by policy-makers and regulators that policies and decisions are based upon credible and substantial reports and research endorsed by the experts in the field. The alignment of research needs of regulators with biosafety research agendas for the products of biotechnology is an iterative process that includes opportunities to improve the communication between regulators and the research community. Government policy-makers, responsible for the stewardship of public funds, have dedicated millions of dollars for biosafety research and have worked to prioritize that research to accommodate what regulators identify as important and to enhance the use of the research accomplished. The integrity of scientists and the resulting science is of major importance when policies and regulatory decisions rely on that science (e.g. data quality) and the associated scientific conclusions. In recognition of this, government processes are being advanced to maintain and enhance that integrity. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Biotechnol Regulatory Serv, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP McCammon, SL (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Biotechnol Regulatory Serv, USDA, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM Sally.L.McCammon@aphis.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1661-5751 EI 1661-5867 J9 J VERBRAUCH LEBENSM JI J. Verbrauch. Lebensm. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 9 SU 1 BP S77 EP S83 DI 10.1007/s00003-014-0892-x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AL4PG UT WOS:000339114300013 ER PT J AU Coleman, SW Gunter, SA Sprinkle, JE Neel, JPS AF Coleman, S. W. Gunter, S. A. Sprinkle, J. E. Neel, J. P. S. TI Difficulties associated with predicting forage intake by grazing beef cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; cattle; forage intake; pasture; rangelands ID MIDGRASS PRAIRIE RANGELAND; BLUE GRAMA RANGELAND; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; DIGESTA KINETICS; ENERGY-INTAKE; DIET QUALITY; CATTLE; DIGESTIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR AB The current NRC model to estimate DMI is based on a single equation related to metabolic size and net energy density of the diet; this equation was a significant improvement over previous models. However, observed DMI by grazing animals can be conceptualized by a function that includes animal demand, largely determined by metabolic or linear size, physiological state, genetics, or any combination of these. Even in the database used to generate the current NRC equation, DMI by cows is poorly predicted at the extremes. In fact, across a wide range of actual DMI, predicted DMI is rather flat, indicating an insensitivity of prediction, so the model requires further refinement. A broad-based database was developed that includes pasture and confinement studies with growing, nonlactating, and lactating cattle. New equations are presented for consideration in the new model. It was found that the premise behind earlier NRC equations based on diet digestibility and BW are sound but that for cows, additional drivers based on milk production or calf performance were stronger than BW. Future models should be based on multiple variables, including functions for physiological state, animal suitability to the environment, and activity to modify the predicted DMI. Further, the model could possibly account for imbalances of protein to energy, particularly as they relate to ruminal function. Further, the issue of how reference data were collected (pen vs. pasture) and how the methods or constraints influence DMI must be evaluated. Overall, the new NRC model needs to be more robust in its ability to account for the wide variation in the environment, dietary characteristics, and metabolic demands. C1 [Coleman, S. W.; Neel, J. P. S.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73801 USA. [Gunter, S. A.] USDA ARS, Southern Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. [Sprinkle, J. E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Anim Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gunter, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Southern Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM stacey.gunter@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 92 IS 7 BP 2775 EP 2784 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-7090 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AK7YO UT WOS:000338644000002 PM 24398834 ER PT J AU Waterman, RC Caton, JS Loest, CA Petersen, MK Roberts, AJ AF Waterman, R. C. Caton, J. S. Loeest, C. A. Petersen, M. K. Roberts, A. J. TI An assessment of the 1996 Beef NRC: Metabolizable protein supply and demand and effectiveness of model performance prediction of beef females within extensive grazing systems SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amino acid; ammonia; cow; grazing; rumen ID LOW-QUALITY FORAGE; ALTERNATE-DAY SUPPLEMENTATION; UNDEGRADABLE INTAKE PROTEIN; TALLGRASS-PRAIRIE FORAGE; RUMINALLY PROTECTED METHIONINE; NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; DEGRADABLE INTAKE PROTEIN; BLUE GRAMA RANGELAND; AMINO-ACIDS; MICROBIAL EFFICIENCY AB Interannual variation of forage quantity and quality driven by precipitation events influence beef livestock production systems within the Southern and Northern Plains and Pacific West, which combined represent 60% (approximately 17.5 million) of the total beef cows in the United States. The beef cattle requirements published by the NRC are an important tool and excellent resource for both professionals and producers to use when implementing feeding practices and nutritional programs within the various production systems. The objectives of this paper include evaluation of the 1996 Beef NRC model in terms of effectiveness in predicting extensive range beef cow performance within arid and semiarid environments using available data sets, identifying model inefficiencies that could be refined to improve the precision of predicting protein supply and demand for range beef cows, and last, providing recommendations for future areas of research. An important addition to the current Beef NRC model would be to allow users to provide region-specific forage characteristics and the ability to describe supplement composition, amount, and delivery frequency. Beef NRC models would then need to be modified to account for the N recycling that occurs throughout a supplementation interval and the impact that this would have on microbial efficiency and microbial protein supply. The Beef NRC should also consider the role of ruminal and postruminal supply and demand of specific limiting AA. Additional considerations should include the partitioning effects of nitrogenous compounds under different physiological production stages (e. g., lactation, pregnancy, and periods of BW loss). The intent of information provided is to aid revision of the Beef NRC by providing supporting material for changes and identifying gaps in existing scientific literature where future research is needed to enhance the predictive precision and application of the Beef NRC models. C1 [Waterman, R. C.; Petersen, M. K.; Roberts, A. J.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Caton, J. S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Loeest, C. A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Waterman, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM richard.waterman@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Multistate Project [W-1012] FX Partially supported by the USDA Multistate Project (W-1012) titled "Improving ruminant use of forges in sustainable production systems for the western U.S.," a project committed to improving rangeland production and sustainability. NR 116 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 92 IS 7 BP 2785 EP 2799 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-7062 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AK7YO UT WOS:000338644000003 PM 24398839 ER PT J AU Petersen, MK Mueller, CJ Mulliniks, JT Roberts, AJ DelCurto, T Waterman, RC AF Petersen, M. K. Mueller, C. J. Mulliniks, J. T. Roberts, A. J. DelCurto, T. Waterman, R. C. TI Potential limitations of NRC in predicting energetic requirements of beef females within western US grazing systems SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; condition scores; energy requirements; NRC ID DAIRY-COWS; METABOLIZABLE PROTEIN; DIET QUALITY; CATTLE; BEHAVIOR; MAINTENANCE; INTERVAL; INSULIN; GLUCOSE; MODEL AB Assessment of beef cow energy balance and efficiency in grazing-extensive rangelands has occurred on a nominal basis over short time intervals and has not accounted for the complexity of metabolic and digestive responses; behavioral adaptations to climatic, terrain, and vegetation variables; and documentation of the effects of nutrient form and supply to grazing cattle. Previous research using pen-fed cows demonstrated differences (P < 0.01) in efficiency of weight change ranging from 135 to 58 g/Mcal ME intake. Furthermore, variation in efficiency of ME use for tissue energy gain or loss ranged from 36% to 80%. In general, energy costs for maintenance, tissue accretion, and mobilization were greatest in Angus-based cows, intermediate in Brahman-and Hereford-based cows, and least in dairy-based cows. The most efficient cattle may reflect the types that are successful in semiarid grazing environments with low input management. Successful range cattle systems are likely the result of retention of animals that best adapted to the grazing environment and thus were potentially more efficient. Animals exposed to a variety of stressors may continually adapt, so energy expenditure is reduced and may tend to depart from the modeled beef cow in the 1996 NRC Beef Cattle Requirements. Critical factors comprising cow lifetime achievement, including reproductive success, disease resistance, and calf weaning weight, may be driven by cow total energy utilization in energy-limiting environments. Therefore, energy adjustments for adapted cattle within these landscapes and seasonal BW changes can alter seasonal NEm requirements. Evaluated studies indicate that in static grazing environments, NRC prediction fitness was improved compared with predictions from dynamic systems where cattle were influenced less by management and more by environmental conditions. Preliminary herd analyses cast doubt on the accuracy of NRC BCS descriptions representing NEm requirements of adapted females utilizing semiarid rangelands. Possible gaps are proposed that could be the basis for prediction inaccuracies. A more complete understanding of mechanisms contributing to productivity in the field than the current model predicts will improve future models to better simulate energetic accountability and subsequent female performance. C1 [Petersen, M. K.; Roberts, A. J.; Waterman, R. C.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Mueller, C. J.; DelCurto, T.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Mulliniks, J. T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Crossville, TN 38571 USA. RP Petersen, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mark.petersen@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 92 IS 7 BP 2800 EP 2808 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-7310 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AK7YO UT WOS:000338644000004 PM 24492551 ER PT J AU Mousel, MR Notter, DR Leeds, TD Zerby, HN Moeller, SJ Taylor, JB Lewis, GS AF Mousel, M. R. Notter, D. R. Leeds, T. D. Zerby, H. N. Moeller, S. J. Taylor, J. B. Lewis, G. S. TI Evaluation of Columbia, USMARC-Composite, Suffolk, and Texel rams as terminal sires in an extensive rangeland production system: VIII. Quality measures of lamb longissimus dorsi SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeds; intramuscular fat; longissimus dorsi; sheep; Warner-Bratzler shear force ID MEAT QUALITY; SHEAR FORCE; CARCASS TRAITS; SHEEP; GROWTH; BREED; PERFORMANCE; TENDERNESS; WEIGHTS; GENE AB Quality measures of lamb longissimus dorsi were evaluated in 514 crossbred wether lambs to assess sire breed differences. Wethers were produced over 3 yr from single-sire matings of 22 Columbia, 22 U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC)-Composite (Composite), 21 Suffolk, and 17 Texel rams to adult Rambouillet ewes. Lambs were reared to weaning in an extensive western rangeland production system and finished in a feedlot on a high-energy finishing diet. One of three harvest groups were randomly assigned to each lamb, and lambs were transported to The Ohio State University abattoir when the mean BW of wethers remaining in the feedlot reached 54.4, 61.2, or 68.0 kg. After harvest, subjective lean quality scores were assigned and LM pH (immediately after and 24 h after harvest), color (quantified as Minolta L*, a*, and b*), intramuscular fat (IMF), cooking loss percentage, and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were determined. Statistical models included fixed effects of sire breed, year of birth, and harvest group and random effects of sire (nested within sire breed and year) and maternal grandsire. Year and harvest group were significant (P < 0.04) for all traits, except harvest group was not for WBSF and lean quality (P > 0.28). At comparable numbers of days on feed, Texel-sired wethers had the greatest (more desirable; P < 0.01) subjective lean quality scores while Composite-and Suffolk-sired lambs were intermediate and Columbia-sired lambs had the lowest (less desirable). Minolta L* values were greater (P < 0.02) for Texel-than Columbia-sired lambs, although this difference is not visually discernible by humans. No significant (P > 0.05) sire breed effects were detected for LM pH at or 24 h after harvest, Minolta a* and b*, IMF, percentage of cooking loss, and WBSF at comparable numbers of days on feed. At comparable chilled carcass weight, significant (P < 0.01) sire breed effects were detected for subjective lean quality score. Texel-sired lambs had greater scores than Columbia-and Suffolk-sired lambs, but Composite-sired lambs did not differ from lambs sired by the other sire breeds. Sire breed effects were not detected (P > 0.15) for LM pH at or 24 h after harvest, Minolta L*, a*, and b*, cooking loss percentage, IMF, and WBSF at comparable chilled carcass weight. Therefore, results of the present study indicated that the 4 sire breeds produced crossbred lamb carcasses that had similar and desirable LM quality measurements, meeting consumer expectations. C1 [Mousel, M. R.; Leeds, T. D.; Taylor, J. B.; Lewis, G. S.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Notter, D. R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zerby, H. N.; Moeller, S. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Mousel, MR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM michelle.mousel@ars.usda.gov OI Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 92 IS 7 BP 2861 EP 2868 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-7511 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AK7YO UT WOS:000338644000010 PM 24778326 ER PT J AU Liu, P Kerr, BJ Chen, C Weber, TE Johnston, LJ Shurson, GC AF Liu, P. Kerr, B. J. Chen, C. Weber, T. E. Johnston, L. J. Shurson, G. C. TI Methods to create thermally oxidized lipids and comparison of analytical procedures to characterize peroxidation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydroperoxides; lipid oxidation; secondary oxidation products ID OXIDATIVE STABILITY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RANCIMAT METHOD; DIETARY OIL; FRYING OILS; FATS; ALDEHYDES; PRODUCTS; DAMAGE; RATS AB The objective of this experiment was to evaluate peroxidation in 4 lipids, each with 3 levels of peroxidation. Lipid sources were corn oil (CN), canola oil (CA), poultry fat, and tallow. Peroxidation levels were original lipids (OL), slow-oxidized lipids (SO), and rapid-oxidized lipids (RO). To produce peroxidized lipids, OL were either heated at 95 degrees C for 72 h to produce SO or heated at 185 degrees C for 7 h to produce RO. Five indicative measurements (peroxide value [PV], p-anisidine value [AnV], thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS] concentration, hexanal concentration, 4-hydroxynonenal [HNE] concentration, and 2,4-decadienal [DDE]) and 2 predictive tests (active oxygen method [AOM] stability and oxidative stability index [OSI]) were performed to quantify the level of oxidation of the subsequent 12 lipids with varying levels of peroxidation. Analysis showed that a high PV accurately indicated the high level of lipid peroxidation, but a moderate or low PV may be misleading due to the unstable characteristics of hydroperoxides as indicated by the unchanged PV of rapidly oxidized CN and CA compared to their original state (OL). However, additional tests, which measure secondary peroxidation products such as AnV, TBARS, hexanal, HNE, and DDE, may provide a better indication of lipid peroxidation than PV for lipids subjected to a high level of peroxidation. Similar to PV analysis, these tests may also not provide irrefutable information regarding the extent of peroxidation because of the volatile characteristics of secondary peroxidation products and the changing stage of lipid peroxidation. For the predictive tests, AOM accurately reflected the increased lipid peroxidation caused by SO and RO as indicated by the increased AOM value in CN and CA but not in poultry fat and tallow, which indicated a potential disadvantage of the AOM test. Oxidative stability index successfully showed the increased lipid peroxidation caused by SO and RO in all lipids, but it too may have disadvantages similar to AnV, TBARS, hexanal, DDE, and HNE because OSI directly depends on quantification of the volatile secondary peroxidation products. To accurately analyze the peroxidation damage in lipids, measurements should be determined at appropriate time intervals by more than 1 test and include different levels of peroxidation products simultaneously. C1 [Liu, P.; Chen, C.; Shurson, G. C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kerr, B. J.; Weber, T. E.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnston, L. J.] Univ Minnesota, West Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brian.kerr@ars.usda.gov FU National Pork Board (Des Moines, IA); Fats and Proteins Research Foundation (Alexandria, VA) FX This research was financially supported by the National Pork Board (Des Moines, IA) and the Fats and Proteins Research Foundation (Alexandria, VA). Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA or the University of Minnesota and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 92 IS 7 BP 2950 EP 2959 DI 10.2527/jas.2012-5708 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AK7YO UT WOS:000338644000018 PM 24802041 ER PT J AU Liu, P Chen, C Kerr, BJ Weber, TE Johnston, LJ Shurson, GC AF Liu, P. Chen, C. Kerr, B. J. Weber, T. E. Johnston, L. J. Shurson, G. C. TI Influence of thermally oxidized vegetable oils and animal fats on growth performance, liver gene expression, and liver and serum cholesterol and triglycerides in young pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; growth performance; liver; pigs; thermally oxidized lipids; triglycerides ID HEPATIC LIPOGENIC ENZYMES; ACYL-COA OXIDASE; FRYING OIL; PPAR-ALPHA; VITAMIN-E; GUINEA-PIGS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DEFICIENT RATS; LINOLEIC-ACID; DIETARY-FAT AB To evaluate the effect of feeding thermally oxidized vegetable oils and animal fats on growth performance, liver gene expression, and liver and serum fatty acid and cholesterol concentration in young pigs, 102 barrows (6.67 +/- 0.03 kg BW) were divided into 3 groups and randomly assigned to dietary treatments in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement. The main factors were lipid source (n = 4; corn oil [CN], canola oil [CA], poultry fat [PF], and tallow [TL]) and lipid peroxidation level (n = 3; original lipids [OL], slow oxidation [SO] through heating at 95 degrees C for 72 h, or rapid oxidation [RO] through heating at 185 degrees C for 7 h). Pigs were provided ad libitum access to diets in group pens for 28 d followed by controlled feed intake in metabolism crates for 10 d. On d 39, all pigs were euthanized for liver samples to determine liver weight, lipid profile, and gene expression patterns. Lipid oxidation analysis indicated that compared with the OL, SO and RO of lipids had a markedly increased concentrations of primary and secondary peroxidation products, and the increased lipid peroxidation products in CN and CA were greater than those in PF and TL. After a 28-d ad libitum feeding period, pigs fed RO lipids tended to have reduced ADFI (P = 0.09) and ADG (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed OL, and pigs fed CA had reduced G:F (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed all other lipids. Pigs fed RO lipids tended to have increased relative liver weight (P = 0.09) compared with pigs fed OL. Liver triglyceride concentration (LTG) in pigs fed OL was greater (P < 0.05) than in pigs fed SO lipids and tended to be greater (P < 0.07) than in pigs fed SO. The reduced LTG were consistent with increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of PPARa factor target genes (acyl-CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA synthase) in pigs fed SO and RO lipids compared with pigs fed OL. Pigs fed CN or CA tended to have increased LTG (P = 0.09) compared with pigs fed TL. Liver cholesterol concentration in pigs fed CN was less (P < 0.05) than in pigs fed PF and tended to be less (P = 0.06) than in pigs fed TL, whereas pigs fed CA had a reduced (P < 0.05) liver cholesterol compared with pigs fed PF or TL. In conclusion, feeding thermally oxidized lipids negatively affected growth performance and LTG of young pigs, which was associated with an upregulation of fatty acid catabolism pathways. C1 [Liu, P.; Chen, C.; Shurson, G. C.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kerr, B. J.; Weber, T. E.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnston, L. J.] West Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brian.kerr@ars.usda.gov FU National Pork Board; Fats and Proteins Research Foundation FX This research was financially supported by the National Pork Board and the Fats and Proteins Research Foundation. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA or the University of Minnesota and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 92 IS 7 BP 2960 EP 2970 DI 10.2527/jas.2012-5709 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AK7YO UT WOS:000338644000019 PM 24879755 ER PT J AU Liu, P Kerr, BJ Weber, TE Chen, C Johnston, LJ Shurson, GC AF Liu, P. Kerr, B. J. Weber, T. E. Chen, C. Johnston, L. J. Shurson, G. C. TI Influence of thermally oxidized vegetable oils and animal fats on intestinal barrier function and immune variables in young pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gut barrier function; immunity; oxidative stress; thermally oxidized lipids; young pigs ID ALPHA-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE; PEROXIDATION IN-VIVO; SOY BEAN OIL; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; VITAMIN-E; WEANLING PIGS; RATS; SERUM; MALONDIALDEHYDE AB To evaluate the effect of feeding thermally oxidized lipids on metabolic oxidative status, gut barrier function, and immune response of young pigs, 108 barrows (6.67 +/- 0.03 kg BW) were assigned to 12 dietary treatments in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement in addition to a corn-soybean meal control diet. Main effects were 4 lipid sources (corn oil [CN], canola oil [CA], poultry fat [PF], and tallow [TL]) and 3 oxidation levels (original lipids [OL], slow oxidation [SO] of lipids heated for 72 h at 95 degrees C, or rapid oxidation [RO] of lipids heated for 7 h at 185 degrees C). Pigs were provided ad libitum access to diets for 28 d followed by controlled feed intake for 10 d. After a 24-h fast on d 38, serum was collected and analyzed for a-tocopherol (a-T), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), endotoxin, haptoglobin, IgA, and IgG. On the same day following serum collection, lactulose and mannitol were fed and subsequently measured in the urine to evaluate gut permeability. There was a source x peroxidation interaction for serum a-T concentration where pigs fed SO or RO had decreased (P < 0.05) serum a-T concentration compared with pigs fed OL in CA and CN diets but not in pigs fed PF and TL diets. There was no source x peroxidation interaction for serum TBARS, but among all lipid sources, pigs fed SO or RO lipids had increased (P < 0.05) serum TBARS compared with pigs fed OL. In addition, pigs fed CN or CA had greater (P < 0.05) serum TBARS compared with pigs fed PF or TL diets. There were no lipid source x peroxidation level interaction or lipid source or peroxidation level effects on serum endotoxin, haptoglobin, IgA, or IgG. Pigs fed lipid supplemented diets tended to have increased serum endotoxin (P = 0.06), IgA (P = 0.10), and IgG (P = 0.09) compared with pigs fed the control diet. There were no lipid source x peroxidation level interaction or lipid source or peroxidation level effects on urinary TBARS and lactulose to mannitol ratio. Compared with pigs fed the control diet, pigs fed diets containing lipids had a lower lactulose to mannitol ratio (P < 0.01). In conclusion, feeding weaning pigs diets containing 10% thermally oxidized lipids for 38 d, especially vegetable oils containing greater concentrations of PUFA, appeared to impair oxidative status but had little influence on gut barrier function or serum immunity parameters. C1 [Liu, P.; Chen, C.; Shurson, G. C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kerr, B. J.; Weber, T. E.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnston, L. J.] Univ Minnesota, West Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brian.kerr@ars.usda.gov FU National Pork Board (Des Moines, IA); Fats and Proteins Research Foundation (Alexandria, VA) FX This research was financially supported by the National Pork Board (Des Moines, IA) and the Fats and Proteins Research Foundation (Alexandria, VA). Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA or the University of Minnesota and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 92 IS 7 BP 2971 EP 2979 DI 10.2527/jas.2012-5710 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AK7YO UT WOS:000338644000020 PM 24879760 ER PT J AU Liu, P Kerr, BJ Chen, C Weber, TE Johnston, LJ Shurson, GC AF Liu, P. Kerr, B. J. Chen, C. Weber, T. E. Johnston, L. J. Shurson, G. C. TI Influence of thermally oxidized vegetable oils and animal fats on energy and nutrient digestibility in young pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE energy; lipid source; nitrogen retention; oxidation level; young pigs ID DIETARY-FAT; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; WEANLING PIGS; GROWING PIGS; CORN-OIL; APPARENT; LIPIDS; ACIDS; ABSORPTION AB A total of 108 barrows (6.67 +/- 0.03 kg BW) were assigned to 12 dietary treatments in a 4 x 3 factorial design plus a corn-soybean meal control diet to evaluate the effect of lipid source and peroxidation level on DE, ME, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, GE, ether extract (EE), N, and C in young pigs. Main effects were lipid source (corn oil [CN], canola oil [CA], poultry fat [PF], and tallow [TL]) and peroxidation level (original lipids [OL], slow oxidation [SO] of lipids heated for 72 h at 95 degrees C, or rapid oxidation [RO] of lipids heated for 7 h at 185 degrees C). Pigs were provided ad libitum access to diets for 28 d followed by an 8-d period of controlled feed intake equivalent to 4% BW daily. Diets were formulated based on the ME content of CA with the standardized ileal digestible Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, total Ca, and available P: ME balanced relative to NRC (1998) recommendations. Lipid peroxidation analysis indicated that compared with the OL, SO and RO had a markedly increased concentrations of lipid peroxidation products, and the increase of peroxidation products in CN and CA were greater than those in PF and TL. Addition of lipids to diets increased (P < 0.05) ATTD of EE and tended to improve (P = 0.06) ATTD of GE compared with pigs fed the control diet. Feeding CN or CA increased (P < 0.05) ATTD of DM, GE, EE, N, and C compared with feeding TL, while feeding PF improved (P < 0.05) ATTD of GE and EE and tended to increase (P = 0.06) ATTD of C compared with TL. Pigs fed CN had increased (P = 0.05) percentage N retention than pigs fed TL. No peroxidation level effect or interaction between lipid source and peroxidation level on DE and ME was observed. Lipid source tended (P = 0.08) to affect DE but not ME values of experimental lipids (P > 0.12). Digestible energy values for CA (8,846, 8,682, and 8,668 kcal/kg) and CN (8,867, 8,648, and 8,725 kcal/kg) were about 450 kcal/kg greater than that of TL (8,316, 8,168, and 8,296 kcal/kg), with PF being intermediate (8,519, 8,274, and 8,511 kcal/kg), for OL, SO, and RO lipids, respectively, respectively. In conclusion, lipid source affected ATTD of dietary DM, GE, EE, N, and C, and N retention and tended to influence the DE value of the lipid but did not significantly affect their ME value. Rapid and slow heating of lipids used in this study increased lipid peroxidation products but had no detectable effects on nutrient and energy digestibility as well as DE and ME values of the various lipids. C1 [Liu, P.; Chen, C.; Shurson, G. C.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kerr, B. J.; Weber, T. E.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnston, L. J.] West Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brian.kerr@ars.usda.gov FU National Pork Board; Fats and Proteins Research Foundation FX research was financially supported by the National Pork Board and the Fats and Proteins Research Foundation. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA or the University of Minnesota and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 92 IS 7 BP 2980 EP 2986 DI 10.2527/jas.2012-5711 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AK7YO UT WOS:000338644000021 PM 24879758 ER PT J AU Davis, MP Freetly, HC Kuehn, LA Wells, JE AF Davis, M. P. Freetly, H. C. Kuehn, L. A. Wells, J. E. TI Influence of dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility, and feeding behavior on body weight gain of beef steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ADG; digestibility; DMI; feeding behavior; water intake ID TISSUE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; FEEDLOT CATTLE; WATER-INTAKE; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; ENERGY; ANGUS; ULTRASOUND; HEIFERS AB This study was conducted to determine the relative contribution of feeding behavior, DMI, apparent DM digestibility (DMD), and passage rate on variation in BW gain. One hundred forty-three crossbred steers were used in this study to determine the factors that contribute to variation in BW gain. Steers were 304 +/- 1 d of age and had an initial BW of 338 +/- 3 kg. Steers had ad libitum access to feed, and fresh feed was offered twice daily at 0800 and 1500 h. Individual feed intake and BW gains were determined for 106 d. Titanium dioxide was used as an external marker to estimate apparent DMD and passage rate. A multiple-regression analysis was used to determine the relative contribution of initial BW, feed intake, feeding behaviors, digestibility, and passage rate to variance in BW gain, and a path analysis was conducted to determine direct and indirect relationships of the variables. In the regression analysis, initial BW and DMI accounted for 33% of the variation in BW gain. Substituting meal events and meal size for DMI did not increase the amount of variance in BW gain (27%) accounted for by the regression model. There was a slight increase in the variance in BW gain (35%) when apparent DMD was added to initial BW and DMI. When meal events and meal size were substituted for DMI, there was a decrease (30%) in variance accounted for in BW gain. The regression coefficient for the passage rate did not differ from zero (P = 0.63) when the passage rate was substituted for apparent DMD in the regression model that also included initial BW and DMI, nor did it differ from zero (P = 0.39) in the model that substitutes meal events and meal size for DMI. Three models were used in the path analysis. For all 3 models there was a positive correlation (P < 0.001) between DMI and BW gain but not between apparent DMD and BW gain. In all 3 models there was a significant correlation between meal size, meal events, and initial BW on DMI (P < 0.001). Results of both the regression and path analyses suggest that both apparent DMD and passage rate accounted for small proportions of the variance, suggesting that they are minor contributors toward variance in BW gain among cattle fed the same concentrate diet. C1 [Davis, M. P.; Freetly, H. C.; Kuehn, L. A.; Wells, J. E.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM harvey.freetly@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3018 EP 3025 DI 10.2527/jas.2013-6518 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AK7YO UT WOS:000338644000025 PM 24802034 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Dungan, RS AF Leytem, April B. Dungan, Robert S. TI Livestock GRACEnet: A Workgroup Dedicated to Evaluating and Mitigating Emissions from Livestock Production SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERIZING AMMONIA EMISSIONS; GAS REDUCTION STRATEGIES; DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; AMINO-ACID FORMULATION; MILK UREA NITROGEN; DAIRY FARMS; GREENHOUSE-GAS; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; MANURE INCORPORATION AB Ammonia, greenhouse gases, and particulate emissions from livestock operations can potentially affect air quality at local, regional, and even global scales. These pollutants, many of which are generated through various anthropogenic activities, are being increasingly scrutinized by regulatory authorities. Regulation of emissions from livestock production systems will ultimately increase on farm costs, which will then be passed onto consumers. Therefore, it is essential that scientifically based emission factors are developed for on-farm emissions of air quality constituents to improve inventories and assign appropriate reduction targets. To generate a larger database of on-farm emissions, the USDA-ARS created the workgroup Livestock GRACEnet (Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement Network). This introduction for the special section of papers highlights some of the research presently being conducted by members of Livestock GRACEnet with the intent of drawing attention to critical information gaps, such as (i) improving emissions measurements; (ii) developing emissions factors; (iii) developing and validating tools for estimating emissions; and (iv) mitigating emissions. We also provide a synthesis of the literature with respect to key research areas related to livestock emissions, including feeding strategies, animal housing, manure management, and manure land application, and discuss future research priorities and directions. C1 [Leytem, April B.; Dungan, Robert S.] ARS, USDA, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Northwest Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 91 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1101 EP 1110 DI 10.2134/jeq2014.06.0264 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000001 PM 25603058 ER PT J AU Ro, KS Stone, KC Johnson, MH Hunt, PG Flesch, TK Todd, RW AF Ro, Kyoung S. Stone, Kenneth C. Johnson, Melvin H. Hunt, Patrick G. Flesch, Thomas K. Todd, Richard W. TI Optimal Sensor Locations for the Backward Lagrangian Stochastic Technique in Measuring Lagoon Gas Emission SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID INVERSE-DISPERSION TECHNIQUE; TO-AIR EMISSIONS; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; METHANE EMISSIONS; FIELD TRIAL; MANURE; FARM AB This study evaluated the impact of gas concentration and wind sensor locations on the accuracy of measuring gas emission rates from a lagoon environment using the backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) inverse-dispersion technique. Path-integrated concentrations (PICs) and three-dimensional (3D) wind vector data were collected at different locations within the lagoon landscape. A floating 45 m x 45 m perforated pipe network on an irrigation pond was used as a synthetic distributed emission source for the controlled release of methane. A total of 961 15-min datasets were collected under different atmospheric stability conditions over a 2-yr period. The PIC location had a significant impact on the accuracy of the bLS technique. The location of the 3D sonic anemometer was generally not a factor for the measured accuracies with the PIC positioned on the downwind berm. The PICs across the middle of the pond consistently produced the lowest accuracy with any of the 3D anemometer locations (<69% accuracy). The PICs located on the downwind berm consistently yielded the best bLS accuracy regardless of whether the 3D sonic anemometer was located on the upwind, side, or downwind berm (accuracies ranged from 79 to 108%). The accuracies of the emission measurements with the berm PIC-berm 3D setting were statistically similar to that found in a more ideal homogeneous grass field. Considering the practical difficulties of setting up equipment and the accuracies associated with various sensor locations, we recommend that wind and concentration sensors be located on the downwind berm. C1 [Ro, Kyoung S.; Stone, Kenneth C.; Johnson, Melvin H.; Hunt, Patrick G.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Flesch, Thomas K.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Todd, Richard W.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX USA. RP Ro, KS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM kyoung.ro@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1111 EP 1118 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0163 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000002 PM 25603059 ER PT J AU Miles, DM Moore, PA Burns, RT Brooks, JP AF Miles, D. M. Moore, P. A., Jr. Burns, R. T. Brooks, J. P. TI Ammonia and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Commercial Broiler House SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; LITTER; MANAGEMENT; TRENDS; RATES AB Complex variation in gas emissions from animal facilities has been shown in recent research reports. Uncertainties in these emission estimates are driving research activities concerning different animal species across the globe. Greenhouse gas (N2O and CO2) and NH3 concentrations were measured in a modern, tunnel-ventilated, commercial broiler house in Mississippi during five flocks (spanning approximately 1 yr). These were flocks 9 through 13 on reused pine shavings litter, representing litter reuse beyond 2 yr. Gas concentrations obtained from a photoacoustic multigas analyzer were coupled with ventilation measurements of air flow through the house to develop NH3 and N2O emission rates. Ammonia emission during a flock (43 d) averaged approximately 14.8 +/- 9.8 kg d(-1) in the commercial house (equivalent to 23.5 g bird marketed(-1) or 0.54 g bird(-1) d(-1)). Nitrous oxide emission averaged 2.3 +/- 1.7 kg d(-1) in the house (equivalent to 3.64 g bird marketed(-1) or 0.085 g bird(-1) d(-1)). Emission rates increased with time from Day 1 to Day 43 and reached average values on Day 23 and 24 for NH3 and N2O. Even with extended litter reuse, estimates of NH3 emissions from the broiler house agree well with recently published research that reused litter in eight or fewer flocks. This is important information for farmers who may not be able to afford to replace the litter with fresh bedding material annually. C1 [Miles, D. M.; Brooks, J. P.] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Moore, P. A., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Burns, R. T.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Miles, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, 810 Hwy 12 East, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dana.miles@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [214] FX The authors thank Rhonda Cornelius and Jerry Joe Hunt for their dedication in spending many hours installing the gas emission monitoring system and troubleshooting its operation; Rhonda Cornelius, Jerry Joe Hunt, Chris Bellamy, Stan Malone, Mike Wilson, Jerry Martin, Kimber Gourley, Russ Hayes, Nick Huey, and Wes Lee for MIL installation and maintenance, fan calibration assistance, and data collection/summary; and Drs. Karamat Sistani and Jeff Evans for reviewing previous versions of this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by USDA-ARS under National Program 214-Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1119 EP 1124 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.09.0390 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000003 PM 25603060 ER PT J AU Todd, RW Altman, MB Cole, NA Waldrip, HM AF Todd, Richard W. Altman, Miriam B. Cole, N. Andy Waldrip, Heidi M. TI Methane Emissions from a Beef Cattle Feedyard during Winter and Summer on the Southern High Plains of Texas SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-NITROGEN BALANCE; WET DISTILLERS GRAINS; FEEDLOT CATTLE; DAIRY-COWS; ENERGY-METABOLISM; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; DISPERSION; ABATEMENT; SOLUBLES; CANADA AB Methane (CH4) emissions from enteric fermentation by livestock account for about 2.1% of U. S. greenhouse gas emissions, with beef and dairy cattle being the most significant sources. A better understanding of CH4 emissions from beef cattle feedyards can help build more accurate emission inventories, improve predictive models, and meet potential regulatory requirements. Our objective was to quantify CH4 emissions during winter and summer at a typical beef cattle feedyard on the southern High Plains in Texas. Methane emissions were quantified over 32 d in winter and 44 d in summer using open-path lasers and inverse dispersion analysis. Methane per capita emission rate (PCER) ranged from 71 to 118 g animal(-1) d(-1) in winter and from 70 to 130 g animal(-1) d(-1) in summer. Mean CH4 PCER was similar in January, February, and May (average, 85.0 +/- 0.95 g animal(-1) d(-1)) and increased to 93.4 g animal(-1) d(-1) during the June-July period. This increase coincided with increased dietary fiber. Methane loss ranged from 9.2 to 11.4 g CH4 kg(-1) dry matter intake, with lower values during winter. Gross energy intake (GEI) ranged from 135.2 to 164.5 MJ animal(-1) d(-1), and CH4 energy loss ranged from 4.5 to 4.9 MJ animal(-1) d(-1). Fraction of GEI lost as CH4 (Y-m) averaged 2.8% in winter, 3.2% in summer, and 3.0% overall. These values confirm the Y-m value currently recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for Tier 2 estimates of enteric CH4 from feedlot fed cattle. C1 [Todd, Richard W.; Cole, N. Andy; Waldrip, Heidi M.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Altman, Miriam B.] Arenus Co, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Todd, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM richard.todd@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CSREES [TS2006-06009] FX This research was supported by USDA CSREES Grant #TS2006-06009. The authors thank Larry Fulton for his dedication and invaluable technical expertise. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1125 EP 1130 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.09.0386 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000004 PM 25603061 ER PT J AU Bonifacio, HF Maghirang, RG Trabue, SL McConnell, LL Prueger, JH Razote, EB AF Bonifacio, Henry F. Maghirang, Ronaldo G. Trabue, Steven L. McConnell, Laura L. Prueger, John H. Razote, Edna B. TI Particulate Emissions from a Beef Cattle Feedlot Using the Flux-Gradient Technique SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DISPERSION MODELS; EDDY DIFFUSIVITY; AIR EMISSIONS; AMMONIA; ATMOSPHERE; VOLATILIZATION; GRASSLAND; KANSAS; CARBON AB Data on air emissions from open-lot beef cattle (Bos taurus) feedlots are limited. This research was conducted to determine fluxes of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <= 10 mu m (PM10) from a commercial beef cattle feedlot in Kansas using the flux-gradient technique, a widely used micrometeorological method for air emissions from open sources. Vertical PM10 concentration profiles and micrometeorological parameters were measured at the feedlot using tapered element oscillating microbalance PM10 samplers and eddy covariance instrumentations (i.e., sonic anemometer and infrared hygrometer), respectively, from May 2010 through September 2011, representing feedlot conditions with air temperatures ranging from -24 to 39 degrees C. Calculated hourly PM10 fluxes varied diurnally and seasonally, ranging up to 272 mg m(-2) h(-1), with an overall median of 36 mg m(-2) h(-1). For warm conditions (air temperature of 21 +/- 10 degrees C), the highest hourly PM10 fluxes (range 116-146 mg m(-2) h(-1)) were observed during the early evening period, from 2000 to 2100 h. For cold conditions (air temperature of -2 +/- 8 degrees C), the highest PM10 fluxes (range 14-27 mg m(-2) h(-1)) were observed in the afternoon, from 1100 to 1500 h. Changes in the hourly trend of PM10 fluxes coincided with changes in friction velocity, air temperature, sensible heat flux, and surface roughness. The PM10 emission was also affected by the pen surface water content, where a water content of at least 20% (wet basis) would be sufficient to effectively reduce PM10 emissions from pens by as much as 60%. C1 [Bonifacio, Henry F.; Maghirang, Ronaldo G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Trabue, Steven L.; Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Razote, Edna B.] Kansas Dep Hlth & Environm, Bur Air, Topeka, KS 66612 USA. RP Maghirang, RG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM rmaghir@k-state.edu OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-35112-3544]; K-State Research and Extension [13-261-J]; USDA-ARS FX This study was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Project no. 2009-35112-3544), K-State Research and Extension (Contribution no. 13-261-J), and the USDA-ARS. Technical assistance provided by Darrell Oard and Howell Gonzales of Kansas State University; Dr. Li Guo, Dr. Orlando Aguilar, and Curtis Leiker, formerly of Kansas State University; Dr. Kenwood Scoggin of the USDA-ARS, Ames, IA; and Dr. Bernardo Predicala of Prairie Swine Centre Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada, is acknowledged. Cooperation of feedlot operators and KLA Environmental Services, Inc., is also acknowledged. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1131 EP 1142 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.04.0129er PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000005 PM 25603062 ER PT J AU Rotz, CA Montes, F Hafner, SD Heber, AJ Grant, RH AF Rotz, C. Alan Montes, Felipe Hafner, Sasha D. Heber, Albert J. Grant, Richard H. TI Ammonia Emission Model for Whole Farm Evaluation of Dairy Production Systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID APPLIED CATTLE SLURRY; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; MANURE; VOLATILIZATION; TEMPERATURE; URINE; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND; BARNS; FLUX AB Ammonia (NH3) emissions vary considerably among farms as influenced by climate and management. Because emission measurement is difficult and expensive, process-based models provide an alternative for estimating whole farm emissions. A model that simulates the processes of NH3 formation, speciation, aqueous-gas partitioning, and mass transfer was developed and incorporated in a whole farm simulation model (the Integrated Farm System Model). Farm sources included manure on the floor of the housing facility, manure in storage (if used), field-applied manure, and deposits on pasture (if grazing is used). In a comprehensive evaluation of the model, simulated daily, seasonal, and annual emissions compared well with data measured over 2 yr for five free stall barns and two manure storages on dairy farms in the eastern United States. In a further comparison with published data, simulated and measured barn emissions were similar over differing barn designs, protein feeding levels, and seasons of the year. Simulated emissions from manure storage were also highly correlated with published emission data across locations, seasons, and different storage covers. For field applied manure, the range in simulated annual emissions normally bounded reported mean values for different manure dry matter contents and application methods. Emissions from pastures measured in northern Europe across seasons and fertilization levels were also represented well by the model. After this evaluation, simulations of a representative dairy farm in Pennsylvania illustrated the effects of animal housing and manure management on whole farm emissions and their interactions with greenhouse gas emissions, nitrate leaching, production costs, and farm profitability. C1 [Rotz, C. Alan] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Montes, Felipe] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hafner, Sasha D.] Hafner Consulting LLC, Washington, DC 20011 USA. [Heber, Albert J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Grant, Richard H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov RI Hafner, Sasha/N-3970-2013 OI Hafner, Sasha/0000-0003-0955-0327 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Dairy Board and the Dairy Research Institute FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and by the National Dairy Board and the Dairy Research Institute. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1143 EP 1158 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.04.0121 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000006 PM 25603063 ER PT J AU Waldrip, HM Rotz, CA Hafner, SD Todd, RW Cole, NA AF Waldrip, Heidi M. Rotz, C. Alan Hafner, Sasha D. Todd, Richard W. Cole, N. Andy TI Process-based Modeling of Ammonia Emission from Beef Cattle Feedyards with the Integrated Farm Systems Model SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; UNITED-STATES; MANURE; DAIRY; VOLATILIZATION; EXCRETION; NITROGEN; PERFORMANCE; FEEDLOTS AB Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from manure in beef cattle feedyards results in loss of agronomically important nitrogen (N) and potentially leads to overfertilization and acidification of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, NH3 is involved in the formation of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which can affect human health. Process-based models have been developed to estimate NH3 emissions from various livestock production systems; however, little work has been conducted to assess their accuracy for large, open-lot beef cattle feedyards. This work describes the extension of an existing process-based model, the Integrated Farm Systems Model (IFSM), to include simulation of N dynamics in this type of system. To evaluate the model, IFSM-simulated daily per capita NH3 emission rates were compared with emissions data collected from two commercial feedyards in the Texas High Plains from 2007 to 2009. Model predictions were in good agreement with observations and were sensitive to variations in air temperature and dietary crude protein concentration. Predicted mean daily NH3 emission rates for the two feedyards had 71 to 81% agreement with observations. In addition, IFSM estimates of annual feedyard emissions were within 11 to 24% of observations, whereas a constant emission factor currently in use by the USEPA underestimated feedyard emissions by as much as 79%. The results from this study indicate that IFSM can quantify average feedyard NH3 emissions, assist with emissions reporting, provide accurate information for legislators and policymakers, investigate methods to mitigate NH3 losses, and evaluate the effects of specific management practices on farm nutrient balances. C1 [Waldrip, Heidi M.; Todd, Richard W.; Cole, N. Andy] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Rotz, C. Alan] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hafner, Sasha D.] Hafner Consulting LLC, Washington, DC 20011 USA. RP Waldrip, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM heidi.waldrip@ars.usda.gov RI Hafner, Sasha/N-3970-2013 OI Hafner, Sasha/0000-0003-0955-0327 FU USDA-NIFA [TS2006-06009] FX This project was partially supported by USDA-NIFA funding to Texas A&M AgriLife Research for the federal special grant project TS2006-06009, "Air Quality: Reducing Emissions from Cattle Feedlots and Dairies (TX and KS)." NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 37 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1159 EP 1168 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.09.0354 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000007 PM 25603064 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Rotz, CA Wattiaux, MA AF Powell, J. M. Rotz, C. A. Wattiaux, M. A. TI Potential Use of Milk Urea Nitrogen to Abate Atmospheric Nitrogen Emissions from Wisconsin Dairy Farms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; CATTLE; COWS; EXCRETION; PREDICTION; HERDS; MODEL; FEED; BARN AB Urinary urea N (UUN) is the principal nitrogen (N) source controlling emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from dairy manure. The objectives of this study were (i) to study the integrative nature of dietary crude protein (CP) management, secretion of milk urea N (MUN), excretion of UUN, and N emissions from dairy production systems; (ii) to evaluate how associative changes in dietary CP, MUN, and UUN affect atmospheric N emissions from dairy farms; and (iii) to discuss some of the challenges and opportunities to an expanded use of MUN to enhance dietary CP use and decrease UUN excretion and N emissions from dairy farms. Milk urea N records of 37,889 cows in 197 herds in Wisconsin revealed that approximately one half of tested cows were likely consuming dietary CP in excess of requirement. Farm simulations were used to quantify the effect of dietary CP on whole-farm N emissions. At a statewide average MUN of 12.5 mg dL(-1), 48 to 87% of UUN was emitted as NH3, with the lowest loss from pasture-based farms and the greatest loss from tie-stall farms. Each 1 mg dL(-1) decrease of MUN (range, 16-10 mg dL(-1)) provided an associated daily decrease in UUN of 16.6 g per cow, which decreased NH3 and N2O emissions from manure by 7 to 12%. Although more site-specific information is required on herd MUN-UUN relationships and more a reliable interpretation of MUN assay results is needed, monitoring of MUN may be used to enhance dietary CP use and to reduce UUN excretion and N emissions from Wisconsin dairy farms. C1 [Powell, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rotz, C. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wattiaux, M. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mark.powell@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture National Institute for Food and Agriculture [2013-68002-20525] FX This study was partially funded through the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute for Food and Agriculture-supported projects, Dairy Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP): Climate Change, Mitigation, and Adaptation in Dairy Production Systems of the Great Lakes Region (Award No. 2013-68002-20525). NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1169 EP 1175 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.09.0375 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000008 PM 25603065 ER PT J AU Trabue, S Kerr, B AF Trabue, Steven Kerr, Brian TI Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, Ammonia, and Hydrogen Sulfide from Pigs Fed Standard Diets and Diets Supplemented with Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSION; GROWING-FINISHING PIGS; FIELD SAMPLING METHOD; LIQUID SWINE MANURE; CARCASS FAT QUALITY; NITROGEN-EXCRETION; NORTH-CAROLINA; WASTE-WATER; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY AB Swine producers are supplementing animal diets with increased levels of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) to offset the cost of a standard corn-soybean meal (CSBM) diet. However, the environmental impact of these diets on emissions of greenhouse gases, ammonia (NH3), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is largely unknown. Twenty-four pigs (103.6 kg initial body weight) were fed a standard CSBM diet or a CSBM diet containing 35% DDGS for 42 d. Pigs were fed and their manure was collected twice daily over the 42-d trial. Pigs fed diets containing DDGS had reduced manure pH (P < 0.01), increased surface crust coverage (P < 0.01), increased manure dry matter content (P < 0.01), and increased manure C (P < 0.01), N (P < 0.01), and S (P < 0.01) contents. Animals fed DDGS diets also had significantly higher concentrations of total ammoniacal nitrogen (P < 0.01) and sulfide (P < 0.01) in their manure compared with animals fed CSBM diets. Manure emissions of NH3 (P < 0.01) and H 2 S (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in animals fed the CSBM diet. There was no dietary treatment effect for methane or nitrous oxide emissions from manure. This study demonstrates that diets containing DDGS can significantly affect manure composition and potentially lower emissions of NH3 and H2S. C1 [Trabue, Steven; Kerr, Brian] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trabue, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM steven.trabue@ars.usda.gov OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 NR 94 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1176 EP 1186 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0207 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000009 PM 25603066 ER PT J AU Spiehs, MJ Brown-Brandl, TM Parker, DB Miller, DN Jaderborg, JP DiCostanzo, A Berry, ED Wells, JE AF Spiehs, Mindy J. Brown-Brandl, Tami M. Parker, David B. Miller, Daniel N. Jaderborg, Jeffrey P. DiCostanzo, Alfredo Berry, Elaine D. Wells, James E. TI Use of Wood-Based Materials in Beef Bedded Manure Packs: 1. Effect on Ammonia, Total Reduced Sulfide, and Greenhouse Gas Concentrations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT BEDDING MATERIALS; DEEP-LITTER SYSTEMS; CATTLE SLURRY; EMISSIONS; VOLATILIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; CHAMBER; WASTES; N2O AB The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of using corn stover or three different wood-based bedding materials (kiln-dried pine wood chips, dry cedar chips, or green cedar chips) on airborne concentrations of NH3, total reduced sulfides (TRS), CO2, CH4, and N2O above lab-scaled bedded manure packs. Four bedded packs of each bedding material were maintained for two 42-d periods. Airborne NH3, TRS, CO2, CH4, and N2O were measured weekly. Bedded packs containing dry or green cedar had lower concentrations of NH3 (350.8 and 357.3 mg m(-3), respectively; P < 0.05) than bedded packs containing pine chips or corn stover (466.0 and 516.7 mg m(-3), respectively). Airborne CO2 was also lower from bedded packs containing dry and green cedar (1343.7 and 1232.3 mg m(-3), respectively; P < 0.001) compared with bedded packs containing pine chips or corn stover (2000.2 and 1659.8 mg m(-3), respectively). Air samples from bedded packs containing green cedar chips had a higher (P < 0.01) concentration of CH4 than bedded packs containing dry cedar chips, corn stover, or pine chips at Day 35 and 42. Initially, TRS concentration was similar among all bedding materials; at 28 to 42 d, TRS was higher (P < 0.001) from bedded packs containing the cedar products. Airborne N2O was similar (P = 0.51) for all bedding materials. Pine chips and cedar products can be adequate substitutes for corn stover in deep-bedded barns, but cedar bedding may need to be removed more frequently. C1 [Spiehs, Mindy J.; Brown-Brandl, Tami M.; Berry, Elaine D.; Wells, James E.] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Parker, David B.] West Texas A&M Univ, Palo Duro Res Facil, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Miller, Daniel N.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Jaderborg, Jeffrey P.; DiCostanzo, Alfredo] Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Spiehs, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Mindy.Spiehs@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1187 EP 1194 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0164 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000010 PM 25603067 ER PT J AU Spiehs, MJ Brown-Brandl, TM Berry, ED Wells, JE Parker, DB Miller, DN Jaderborg, JP DiCostanzo, A AF Spiehs, Mindy J. Brown-Brandl, Tami M. Berry, Elaine D. Wells, James E. Parker, David B. Miller, Daniel N. Jaderborg, Jeffrey P. DiCostanzo, Alfred TI Use of Wood-Based Materials in Beef Bedded Manure Packs: 2. Effect on Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds, Odor Activity Value, Escherichia coli, and Nutrient Concentrations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT BEDDING MATERIALS; CATTLE FEEDLOTS; SWINE MANURE; IN-VITRO; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; WASTE; O157-H7; ORIGIN; MICROORGANISMS AB The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of three types of wood-based bedding materials (kiln-dried pine wood chips, dry cedar chips, and green cedar chips) and corn stover on the concentration of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and total Escherichia coli in bedded pack material. Four bedded packs of each bedding material were maintained for two 42-d periods (n = 32; eight replicates/bedding material). Straight- and branched-chained fatty acids, aromatic compounds, and sulfide compounds were measured from the headspace above each bedded pack. Green cedar bedding had the highest concentration of odorous VOCs, and pine chip bedding had the lowest (P < 0.01). Calculated odor activity values were highest for green cedar bedding, followed by dry cedar, corn stover, and pine chip bedding. As the bedded packs aged, the concentration of odorous VOCs increased, particularly in the bedded packs containing green cedar chips and dry cedar chips. Total E. coli concentrations increased from Days 0 to 21 and then began to decline and were similar among all bedding materials (P < 0.10). Results of this study indicate that producers using a long-term bedded pack management in their facility may benefit from using pine chips because they do not appear to increase odor over time. Cedar-based bedding materials may be better suited for a scrape-and-haul system, where the bedded pack is removed after 1 or 2 wk. Total E. coli concentrations did not differ between any of the four bedding materials over time. C1 [Spiehs, Mindy J.; Brown-Brandl, Tami M.; Berry, Elaine D.; Wells, James E.] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Parker, David B.] West Texas A&M Univ, Palo Duro Res Facil, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Miller, Daniel N.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Jaderborg, Jeffrey P.; DiCostanzo, Alfred] Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Spiehs, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM mindy.spiehs@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1195 EP 1206 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0165 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000011 PM 25603068 ER PT J AU Woodbury, BL Gilley, JE Parker, DB Marx, DB Miller, DN Eigenberg, RA AF Woodbury, Bryan L. Gilley, John E. Parker, David B. Marx, David B. Miller, Daniel N. Eigenberg, Roger A. TI Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds after Land Application of Cattle Manure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WET DISTILLERS GRAINS; ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY-OLFACTOMETRY; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; POULTRY LITTER; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; ODORANT PRODUCTION; ODOROUS COMPOUNDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Beef cattle manure can serve as a valuable source of nutrients for crop production. However, emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) after land application may pose an odor nuisance to downwind populations. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of land application method, diet, soil moisture content, and time since manure application on VOC emissions. Manure was collected from feedlot pens where cattle were fed diets containing 0, 10, or 30% wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS). Land application methods included surface-applying manure (i.e., no-tillage) or incorporating manure using disk tillage. The effects of soil moisture content on VOC emissions was determined by adding water to each of the plots approximately 24 h after manure application. Isovaleric acid, butyric acid, and 4-methylphenol contributed 28.9, 18.0, and 17.7%, respectively, of the total measured odor activity values. In general, the largest emissions of volatile fatty acids and aromatics were measured during the initial collection periods on the no-tillage plots under dry soil moisture conditions. Emissions of volatile fatty acids and aromatics were reduced after water additions because these compounds were stored in the soil-water matrix rather than released into the atmosphere. In contrast, sulfide emissions generally increased with the addition of the water, especially on the plots containing manure from the 30% WDGS diet. Sulfur content of manure increases with higher percentages of WDGS feed stock. Application method, diet, soil moisture content, and time since application should be considered when estimating VOC emissions. C1 [Woodbury, Bryan L.; Eigenberg, Roger A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Gilley, John E.; Miller, Daniel N.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Parker, David B.] West Texas A&M Univ, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Marx, David B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Woodbury, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM bryan.woodbury@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1218 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0185 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000012 PM 25603069 ER PT J AU Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB AF Szogi, Ariel A. Vanotti, Matias B. TI Water Quality and Nitrogen Mass Loss from Anaerobic Lagoon Columns Receiving Pretreated Influent SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; FLUSHED SWINE MANURE; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; NORTH-CAROLINA; WASTE TREATMENT; REDUCTION; REMOVAL; SOLIDS; MODEL AB Control methods are needed to abate NH3 losses from swine anaerobic lagoons to reduce the contribution of confined swine operations to air pollution. In a 15-mo meso-scale column study, we evaluated the effect of manure pretreatment on water quality, reduction of N losses, and sludge accumulation in swine lagoons using (i) enhanced solid-liquid separation with polymer (SS) and (ii) solid-liquid separation plus biological N treatment using nitrification-denitrification (SS + NDN). A conventional anaerobic lagoon was included as a control. Concentrations of total Kjeldahl N (TKN), total ammoniacal N (TAN), and NO3-N were monitored during the course of the study, and the volumes of column liquid and sludge were used to estimate N mass flows. At the end of the study, TKN and TAN concentrations in the liquid of SS columns were 35 and 37% lower than the control, respectively, and TKN and TAN concentrations in SS + NDN were 97 and 99% lower than the control. The N mass flow analysis revealed that SS reduced total N inflow by 30% and SS + NDN by 82% compared with the control. The SS was ineffective at reducing NH3 losses compared with the control. Instead, SS + NDN effectively reduced total NH3 losses by 50%, most of which occurred during the first 6 mo of the study. Although both pretreatments can stop the mass accumulation of total N in sludge, SS + NDN had the advantage of improving water quality and abating NH3 emissions from treated lagoons. As an additional environmental benefit, SS + NDN effluents could be used for crop irrigation without the risk of NH3 losses during land application. C1 [Szogi, Ariel A.; Vanotti, Matias B.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Szogi, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM ariel.szogi@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6657-13630-001-00D] FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This research was part of USDA-ARS National Program 214: Manure and By-Product Utilization; ARS Project 6657-13630-001-00D "Innovative animal manure treatment technologies for enhanced environmental quality." The authors thank Mr. and Mrs. Billy Tyndall for providing their farm for this study and Ms. Aprel Ellison and Mr. William Brigman for assistance in collection of wastewater samples and water quality analyses. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1219 EP 1226 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.08.0330 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000013 PM 25603070 ER PT J AU Steiner, JL Starks, PJ Garbrecht, JD Moriasi, DN Zhang, XC Schneider, JM Guzman, JA Osei, E AF Steiner, Jean L. Starks, Patrick J. Garbrecht, Jurgen D. Moriasi, Daniel N. Zhang, Xunchang Schneider, Jeanne M. Guzman, Jorge A. Osei, Edward TI Long-Term Environmental Research: The Upper Washita River Experimental Watersheds, Oklahoma, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; TABLE DEPTH ALGORITHM; TILE DRAIN EQUATIONS; CROP PRODUCTION; SOIL-MOISTURE; AGRICULTURE IMPLICATIONS; SOUTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA; NITRATE-NITROGEN; ASSESSMENT-TOOL AB Water is central to life and earth processes, connecting physical, biological, chemical, ecological, and economic forces across the landscape. The vast scope of hydrologic sciences requires research efforts worldwide and across a wide range of disciplines. While hydrologic processes and scientific investigations related to sustainable agricultural systems are based on universal principles, research to understand processes and evaluate management practices is often site-specific to achieve a critical mass of expertise and research infrastructure to address spatially, temporally, and ecologically complex systems. In the face of dynamic climate, market, and policy environments, long-term research is required to understand and predict risks and possible outcomes of alternative scenarios. This special section describes the USDA-ARS's long-term research (1961 to present) in the Upper Washita River basin of Oklahoma. Data papers document datasets in detail (weather, hydrology, physiography, land cover, and sediment and nutrient water quality), and associated research papers present analyses based on those data. This living history of research is presented to engage collaborative scientists across institutions and disciplines to further explore complex, interactive processes and systems. Application of scientific understanding to resolve pressing challenges to agriculture while enhancing resilience of linked land and human systems will require complex research approaches. Research areas that this watershed research program continues to address include: resilience to current and future climate pressures; sources, fate, and transport of contaminants at a watershed scale; linked atmospheric-surface-subsurface hydrologic processes; high spatiotemporal resolution analyses of linked hydrologic processes; and multiple-objective decision making across linked farm to watershed scales. C1 [Steiner, Jean L.; Starks, Patrick J.; Garbrecht, Jurgen D.; Moriasi, Daniel N.; Zhang, Xunchang; Schneider, Jeanne M.; Guzman, Jorge A.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Osei, Edward] Tarleton State Univ, TIAER, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA. RP Steiner, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jean.steiner@ars.usda.gov OI GUZMAN, Jorge A/0000-0002-7734-5723 NR 118 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1227 EP 1238 DI 10.2134/jeq2014.05.0229 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000014 PM 25603071 ER PT J AU Starks, PJ Fiebrich, CA Grimsley, DL Garbrecht, JD Steiner, JL Guzman, JA Moriasi, DN AF Starks, P. J. Fiebrich, C. A. Grimsley, D. L. Garbrecht, J. D. Steiner, J. L. Guzman, J. A. Moriasi, D. N. TI Upper Washita River Experimental Watersheds: Meteorologic and Soil Climate Measurement Networks SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID OKLAHOMA MESONET; MOISTURE; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; CEAP; TEMPERATURE; RESOLUTION AB Hydrologic, watershed, water resources, and climate-related research conducted by the USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory (GRL) are rooted in events dating back to the 1930s. In 1960, the 2927-km(2) Southern Great Plains Research Watershed (SGPRW) was established to study the effectiveness of USDA flood control and soil erosion prevention programs. The size of the SGPRW was scaled back in 1978, leaving only the 610-km(2) Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) to be used as an outdoor hydrologic research laboratory. Since 1978, the number of measurement sites and types of instruments used to collect meteorologic and soil climate data have changed on the LWREW. Moreover, a second research watershed, the 786-km(2) Fort Cobb Reservoir Experimental Watershed (FCREW), was added in 2004 to the GRL's outdoor research laboratories to further study the effects of agricultural conservation practices on selected environmental endpoints. We describe the SGPREW, FCREW, and LWREW and the meteorologic measurement network (historic and present) deployed on them, provide descriptions of measurements, including information on accuracy and calibration, quality assurance measures (where known), and data archiving of the present network, give examples of data products and applications, and provide information for the public and research communities regarding access and availability of both the historic and recent data from these watersheds. C1 [Starks, P. J.; Garbrecht, J. D.; Steiner, J. L.; Guzman, J. A.; Moriasi, D. N.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Fiebrich, C. A.; Grimsley, D. L.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Starks, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Patrick.starks@ars.usda.gov OI GUZMAN, Jorge A/0000-0002-7734-5723 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1239 EP 1249 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.08.0312 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000015 PM 25603072 ER PT J AU Guzman, JA Chu, ML Starks, PJ Moriasi, DN Steiner, JL Fiebrich, CA McCombs, AG AF Guzman, Jorge A. Chu, Ma L. Starks, Patrick J. Moriasi, Daniel N. Steiner, Jean L. Fiebrich, Christopher A. McCombs, Alexandria G. TI Upper Washita River Experimental Watersheds: Data Screening Procedure for Data Quality Assurance SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID OKLAHOMA MESONET; TREND TEST; HYDROLOGY; MODELS; SERIES AB The presence of non-stationary conditions in long-term hydrologic observation networks is associated with natural and anthropogenic stressors or network operation problems. Detection and identification of network operation drivers is fundamental in hydrologic investigation due to changes in systematic errors that can exacerbate modeling results or bias research conclusions. We applied a data screening procedure to the USDA-ARS experimental watersheds data sets (ftp://164.58.150.21) in Oklahoma. Detection of statistically significant monotonic trends and changes in mean and variance were used to investigate non-stationary conditions with network operation drivers to assess the impact of changes in the amount of systematic error. Detection of spurious data, filling in missing data, and data screening procedures were applied to >1000 time series, and processed data were made publicly available. The SPELLmap application was used for data processing and statistical tests on watershed segregated data sets and temporally aggregated data. A test for independency (Anderson test), normality, monotonic trend (Spearman test), detection of change point (Pettitt test), and split record test (F and t-tests) were used to assess non-stationary conditions. Statistically significant (95% confidence limit) monotonic trends and changes in mean and variance were detected for annual maximum air temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and solar radiation and in maximum and minimum soil temperature time series. Network operation procedures such as change in calibration protocols and sensor upgrades as well as natural regional weather trends were suspected as driving the detection of statistically significant trends and changes in mean and variance. We concluded that a data screening procedure that identifies changes in systematic errors and detection of false non-stationary conditions in hydrologic problems is fundamental before any modeling applications. C1 [Guzman, Jorge A.; Starks, Patrick J.; Moriasi, Daniel N.; Steiner, Jean L.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Chu, Ma L.] Waterborne Environm Inc, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Fiebrich, Christopher A.; McCombs, Alexandria G.] Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Guzman, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 West Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jorge.guzman@ars.usda.gov OI GUZMAN, Jorge A/0000-0002-7734-5723 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1250 EP 1261 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.08.0325 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000016 PM 25603073 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Starks, PJ Guzman, JA Garbrecht, JD Steiner, JL Stoner, JC Allen, PB Naney, JW AF Moriasi, Daniel N. Starks, Patrick J. Guzman, Jorge A. Garbrecht, Jurgen D. Steiner, Jean L. Stoner, J. Chris Allen, Paul B. Naney, James W. TI Upper Washita River Experimental Watersheds: Reservoir, Groundwater, and Stream Flow Data SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; CONSERVATION; SIMULATION; CALIBRATION; RESOLUTION; OKLAHOMA; BASIN; CEAP AB Surface and groundwater quantity and quality data are essential in many hydrologic applications and to the development of hydrologic and water quality simulation models. We describe the hydrologic data available in the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) of the Southern Great Plains Research Watershed (SGPRW) and Fort Cobb Reservoir Experimental Watershed (FCREW), both located in southwest Oklahoma. Specifically, we describe the flood retarding structures and corresponding stage, discharge, seepage, and consumptive use data (http://www.usbr.gov/gp-bin/arcweb_cobb.pl), stream gauges, and groundwater wells and their corresponding stream flow (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ok/nwis/sw; LWREW ARS 522-526 stream gauges) and groundwater level data (SGPRW groundwater levels data; LWREW groundwater data; http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ok/nwis/inventory; http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/ok/nwis/gwlevels), respectively. Data collection is a collaborative effort between federal and state agencies. Stage, discharge, seepage, and consumptive use data for the Fort Cobb Reservoir are available from the Bureau of Reclamation and cover a period of 1959 to present. There are 15 stream gauges in the LWREW and six in the FCREW with varying data records. There were 479 observation wells with data in the SGPRW and 80 in the LWREW, with the latest records collected in 1992. In addition, groundwater level data are available from five real-time monitoring wells and 34 historical wells within the FCREW. These data sets have been used for several research applications. Plans for detailed groundwater data collection are underway to calibrate and validate the linked Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)-MODFLOW model. Also, plans are underway to conduct reservoir bathymetric surveys to determine the current reservoir capacity as affected by land use/land cover and overland and stream channel soil erosion. C1 [Moriasi, Daniel N.; Starks, Patrick J.; Guzman, Jorge A.; Garbrecht, Jurgen D.; Steiner, Jean L.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Stoner, J. Chris] USDA NRCS, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. [Allen, Paul B.; Naney, James W.] USDA ARS, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM daniel.moriasi@ars.usda.gov OI GUZMAN, Jorge A/0000-0002-7734-5723 FU USDA-ARS FX We are grateful to Alan Verser for helping with determination of data locations and generating data location maps and information and to Shanna L. Mashburn, hydrologist, groundwater specialist, and Jason M. Lewis, assistant director, USGS Oklahoma Water Science Center, for reviewing the manuscript and providing stream flow and groundwater information. Funding for this study was provided by the USDA-ARS. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the USDA or the ARS of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1262 EP 1272 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.08.0329 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000017 PM 25603074 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Garbrecht, JD Steiner, JL Blazs, RL AF Zhang, X. -C. Garbrecht, J. D. Steiner, J. L. Blazs, R. L. TI Upper Washita River Experimental Watersheds: Sediment Database SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION AB One main objective for studying sediment in the Upper Washita River Experimental Watersheds was to improve the scientific understanding of the effectiveness of watershed conservation practices and floodwater-retardation structures in controlling floods and soil erosion in southwest Oklahoma. This paper summarizes the sediment data collection program in the watersheds during the 1961 to 2012 time period. Gaging sites, record lengths, sampling procedures, data processing, and instrumentation are described. Examples of data use and analyses are presented to illustrate the potential use and relevance of the sediment data and to highlight past research findings. The sediment data, especially the breakpoint data from the unit source watersheds, are of great importance in understanding erosion processes, assessing the effectiveness of conservation practices, and evaluating and validating process-based soil erosion models. Data formats and availability are discussed, and the download URLs for accessing the data are specified. C1 [Zhang, X. -C.; Garbrecht, J. D.; Steiner, J. L.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Blazs, R. L.] USGS Oklahoma Water Resources Div, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM John.Zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1273 EP 1279 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.07.0288 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000018 PM 25603075 ER PT J AU Starks, PJ Steiner, JL Moriasi, DN Guzman, JA Garbrecht, JD Allen, PB Naney, JW AF Starks, P. J. Steiner, J. L. Moriasi, D. N. Guzman, J. A. Garbrecht, J. D. Allen, P. B. Naney, J. W. TI Upper Washita River Experimental Watersheds: Nutrient Water Quality Data SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURE IMPLICATIONS; CONSERVATION PRACTICES; CLIMATE IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; SOIL-EROSION; CHLOROPHYLL; PHOSPHORUS; RESERVOIRS; RANGELAND; OKLAHOMA AB Climate variability, changing land use and management, and dynamic policy environments are the main reasons why long-term research is needed to understand and predict possible water quality outcomes to alternative future scenarios. Long-term water quality data sets are needed to address these water issues. Such data sets were acquired by the USDA-ARS in three watersheds in Oklahoma: the Southern Great Plains Research Watershed (SGPRW), the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW), and the Fort Cobb Reservoir Experimental Watershed (FCREW). We provide: (i) a description of these water quality data sets, (ii) the sample collection and processing procedures used and an assessment of the data quality, (iii) summary analyses of the variability in each data set, and (iv) details about how to access these data sets. Water quality data collection in the SGPRW began in the 1960s and continued through 1978, while that in the LWREW covered the 1960s to 1990 period. Data collection began in the FCREW in 2004 and continues through the present. The data were collected from streams, unit source watersheds, groundwater wells, and reservoirs. The water quality data described for a given site are generally complete for a given period of record; however, not all sites were monitored continuously and were not necessarily analyzed for the same water quality parameters. These data sets are expected to improve modeling and assessments of conservation practices in relation to climate variability, land use changes, and other environmental factors and may be useful in developing strategies to mitigate these environmental impacts. C1 [Starks, P. J.; Steiner, J. L.; Moriasi, D. N.; Guzman, J. A.; Garbrecht, J. D.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Allen, P. B.; Naney, J. W.] USDA ARS, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Starks, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Patrick.starks@ars.usda.gov OI GUZMAN, Jorge A/0000-0002-7734-5723 NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1280 EP 1297 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.08.0309 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000019 PM 25603076 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Starks, PJ Steiner, JL Guzman, JA Allen, PB Naney, JW AF Moriasi, Daniel N. Starks, Patrick J. Steiner, Jean L. Guzman, Jorge A. Allen, Paul B. Naney, James W. TI Upper Washita River Experimental Watersheds: Physiography Data SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; CONSERVATION; CALIBRATION; STREAMFLOW; FRAMEWORK; SEDIMENT; OKLAHOMA AB Physiographic data such as digital elevation models (DEMs), soils, geology, stream channel network characteristics, channel stability, and land use data are essential for understanding the complex hydrologic cycle and chemical transport processes of any given study area. We describe the physiographic data available in the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) and Fort Cobb Reservoir Experimental Watershed (FCREW) in Oklahoma. Specifically, we describe (i) available raw and post-processed DEM products (ftp://164.58.150.21/DEM/), (ii) available soils data (ftp://164.58.150.21/FT_Cobb_Reservoir_ Watershed_2005-2012/GIS-DataSets/Physiography/Soils/ and ftp://164.58.150.21/Little_Washita_River_Research_Watershed_Other/GIS_Datasets/Physiography/Soils) and associated error analysis based on limited measured data, (iii) geologic formations in the LWREW and FCREW (ftp://164.58.150.21/FT_Cobb_Reservoir_Watershed_2005-2012/GIS-DataSets/Physiography/Geology/FCREW_Geology/and ftp://164.58.150.21/Little_Washita_River_Research_Watershed_Other/GIS_Datasets/Physiography/Geology/), and (iv) available rapid geomorphic assessment measurements (ftp://164.58.150.21/FT_Cobb_Reservoir_Watershed_2005-2012/GIS-DataSets/Physiography/RGA/) and their uses. Data collection is a collaborative effort among USGS, NRCS, and ARS. These data sets have been used for several research applications by USDA-ARS scientists and researchers from other institutions and agencies. Plans for detailed geomorphic assessment of stream channel networks in the FCREW are underway in collaboration with Oklahoma State University in Stillwater. The collected data will enable updating of the channel stability stage condition since there have been several major rainfall events in the watershed since the last geomorphic assessment. C1 [Moriasi, Daniel N.; Starks, Patrick J.; Steiner, Jean L.; Guzman, Jorge A.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Allen, Paul B.; Naney, James W.] USDA ARS, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM daniel.moriasi@ars.usda.gov OI GUZMAN, Jorge A/0000-0002-7734-5723 FU USDA-ARS FX We are grateful to Alan Verser for helping with determination of data locations and generating data location maps and information. Funding for this study was provided by USDA-ARS. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the USDA or the ARS of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1298 EP 1309 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.08.0337 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000020 PM 25603077 ER PT J AU Starks, PJ Steiner, JL Stern, AJ AF Starks, Patrick J. Steiner, Jean L. Stern, Alan J. TI Upper Washita River Experimental Watersheds: Land Cover Data Sets (1974-2007) for Two Southwestern Oklahoma Agricultural Watersheds SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BASIN; MODEL AB Land cover data sets were developed for 1997, 1999, 2003, 2005, 2006, and 2007 for the Little Washita River and Fort Cobb Reservoir experimental watersheds (LWREW and FCREW, respectively), located in southwestern Oklahoma, to support remote sensing based studies of soil water content. A previously unpublished retrospective land cover analysis covering the years 1974, 1981, 1985, 1989, and 1994 was conducted to complement these data sets to gain a sense of the dynamics of land cover in both the LWREW and FCREW over the 33 yr. Each of these studies used satellite-based sensors of various spatial, radiometric, and spectral resolutions, but the number of images used, image date, and methods used to analyze the images varied from study to study. Our purpose was to document the details of the retrospective land cover study, to compare land cover between watersheds with time, and to compare findings from the various studies to elucidate changes or trends in land cover in each watershed during the 33 yr the data sets represent. Information on how to access to the data sets is also given. The LWREW was a grassland watershed that changed little during the study period. The FCREW was divided between grassland and cropland, but the cropland portion exhibited dynamic behavior that appeared correlated with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) price supports and Conservation Reserve programs. Dynamic land use information coupled with information concerning conservation practices will enhance assessment of conservation practice effectiveness as well as improve modeling of the fate and transport of chemicals and nutrients in watersheds. C1 [Starks, Patrick J.; Steiner, Jean L.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Stern, Alan J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Starks, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM patrick.starks@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1310 EP 1318 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.07.0292 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000021 PM 25603078 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD Zhang, XC Steiner, JL AF Garbrecht, J. D. Zhang, X. C. Steiner, J. L. TI Climate Change and Observed Climate Trends in the Fort Cobb Experimental Watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE DATA; GREAT-PLAINS; PRECIPITATION; AGRICULTURE; MITIGATE; IMPACTS; MODELS; ADAPT AB Recurring droughts in the Southern Great Plains of the United States are stressing the landscape, increasing uncertainty and risk in agricultural production, and impeding optimal agronomic management of crop, pasture, and grazing systems. The distinct possibility that the severity of recent droughts may be related to a greenhouse-gas induced climate change introduces new challenges for water resources managers because the intensification of droughts could represent a permanent feature of the future climate. Climate records of the Fort Cobb watershed in central Oklahoma were analyzed to determine if recent decade-long trends in precipitation and air temperature were consistent with climate change projections for central Oklahoma. The historical precipitation record did not reveal any compelling evidence that the recent 20-yr-long decline in precipitation was related to climate change. Also, precipitation projections by global circulation models (GCMs) displayed a flat pattern through the end of the 21st century. Neither observed nor projected precipitation displayed a multidecadal monotonic rising or declining trend consistent with an ongoing warming climate. The recent trend in observed annual precipitation was probably a decade-scale variation not directly related to the warming climate. On the other hand, the observed monotonic warming trend of 0.34 C decade(-1) that started around 1978 is consistent with GCM projections of increasing temperature for central Oklahoma. C1 [Garbrecht, J. D.; Zhang, X. C.; Steiner, J. L.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 West Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jurgen.garbrecht@ars.usda.gov FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM), for their roles in making available the WCRP's CMIP3 multimodel data set. Support for this CMIP3 data set was provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1319 EP 1327 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.07.0286 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000022 PM 25603079 ER PT J AU Cosh, MH Starks, PJ Guzman, JA Moriasi, DN AF Cosh, Michael H. Starks, Patrick J. Guzman, Jorge A. Moriasi, Daniel N. TI Upper Washita River Experimental Watersheds: Multiyear Stability of Soil Water Content Profiles SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POLARIMETRIC SCANNING RADIOMETER; TEMPORAL STABILITY; MOISTURE VARIABILITY; C-BAND; CONSERVATION; VALIDATION; NETWORK; SMEX02 AB Scaling in situ soil water content time series data to a large spatial domain is a key element of watershed environmental monitoring and modeling. The primary method of estimating and monitoring large-scale soil water content distributions is via in situ networks. It is critical to establish the stability of in situ networks when deploying them to study hydrologic systems. Two watersheds in Oklahoma, the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) and the Fort Cobb Reservoir Experimental Watershed (FCREW), are two prime examples of well-equipped research watersheds that provide long-term measurements of atmospheric and soil water content from in situ networks. The soil water content measurement network on the LWREW has been in operation since 2002, with 20 stations available for investigating soil water dynamics at the watershed scale. Temporal stability analysis of the network is complicated by the changing configuration of the network, but it is possible to determine a singular long-term average for the network. The FCREW consists of 15 soil water content stations and began operation in 2007, providing detailed information across a mixed agricultural domain and was determined to be stable and representative of the region. This study reinforces the applicability of temporal stability analysis to very long time scales, which are now becoming available for soil moisture monitoring. Each of these networks is temporally stable with respect to soil water content at each depth on a spatial basis. The LWREW has a persistent pattern through the root zone profile, but the FCREW does not, which requires further investigation. C1 [Cosh, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Starks, Patrick J.; Guzman, Jorge A.; Moriasi, Daniel N.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Cosh, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Michael.Cosh@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; GUZMAN, Jorge A/0000-0002-7734-5723 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1328 EP 1333 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.08.0318 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000023 PM 25603080 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Guzman, JA Steiner, JL Starks, PJ Garbrecht, JD AF Moriasi, D. N. Guzman, J. A. Steiner, J. L. Starks, P. J. Garbrecht, J. D. TI Seasonal Sediment and Nutrient Transport Patterns SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; PHOSPHORUS; WATERSHEDS; CEAP AB It is essential to understand sediment and nutrient sources and their spatial and temporal patterns to design effective mitigation strategies. However, long-term data sets to determine sediment and nutrient loadings are scarce and expensive to collect. The goal of this study was to determine seasonal patterns of suspended sediment (SS), total N (TN), and total P (TP) concentrations and loadings for three USGS gauge sites located at the Fort Cobb Reservoir Experimental watershed (FCREW) located in southwestern Oklahoma. Measured instantaneous discharge, SS, TN, and TP concentration data were used to develop lognormal water quality-discharge relationships. The water quality-discharge relationships were used to generate estimated seasonal concentrations and loads based on hourly or 30-min interval discharge. The estimated concentrations and loads were used to determine seasonal patterns for SS, TN, and TP relative to the respective state water quality criteria. Decreasing and increasing monotonic trends were observed for the seasonal time series loads for all three sites, but they were insignificant based on the Spearman test (alpha = 0.05). The largest loads were estimated during the wet springs and summers. The study SS, TN, and TP target concentrations were exceeded in one season or another. The study results showed that the priority locations to implement the TN and TP conservation practices were the Lake Creek and Willow Creek subwatersheds during the winter and spring seasons. Common practices to mitigate nutrients and suspended sediments include nutrient management, no-till, conversion of cultivated land to pasture, riparian buffers, and animal exclusion. C1 [Moriasi, D. N.; Guzman, J. A.; Steiner, J. L.; Starks, P. J.; Garbrecht, J. D.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM daniel.moriasi@ars.usda.gov OI GUZMAN, Jorge A/0000-0002-7734-5723 FU USDA-ARS FX We are grateful to the Oklahoma Water Resources Board and the USGS Oklahoma Water Center staff for support of water quality data collection at gauging stations in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed. We are also grateful to Alan Verser for collecting USGS data and preparing the GIS maps. Funding for this study was provided by the USDA-ARS. Disclaimer: The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this paper is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the USDA or the ARS of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1334 EP 1344 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.11.0478 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000024 PM 25603081 ER PT J AU Senaviratne, GMMMA Udawatta, RP Baffaut, C Anderson, SH AF Senaviratne, G. M. M. M. Anomaa Udawatta, Ranjith P. Baffaut, Claire Anderson, Stephen H. TI Evaluation of a Stepwise, Multiobjective, Multivariable Parameter Optimization Method for the APEX Model SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ADJACENT AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODELS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; MIKE-SHE; CATCHMENT MODELS; CLAYPAN SOILS; SWAT MODEL; RUNOFF AB Hydrologic models are essential tools for environmental assessment of agricultural nonpoint-source pollution. The automatic calibration of hydrologic models, though efficient, demands significant computational power, limiting their application. The study objective was to develop and evaluate a stepwise, multiobjective, multivariable automatic calibration method for the Agricultural Environmental Policy eXtender (APEX) model for simulating runoff, sediment, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). The most sensitive parameters were grouped according to the process they primarily affect (runoff, sediment transport, soil biological activity, TP transport, and TN transport) and were optimized separately and consecutively. Two multiobjective functions comprising combinations of coefficient of determination (r(2)), regression slope, and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC) and a global objective function, the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation, were considered to select the optimal parameter combination. A previously manually calibrated and validated APEX model for three adjacent row-crop field-size watersheds in northeast Missouri was used as the baseline. The greatest improvements in model performance for sediment, TP, and TN, but not for runoff, were found after runoff parameter optimization, indicating that runoff parameter optimization was crucial for good simulation of sediment and nutrients. The r(2) values for sediment, TP, and TN improved from 0.59-0.87 to 0.77-0.94. The NSC values for TP also improved after soil biological activity and TP parameter optimizations, but subsequent optimizations did not improve sediment or TN simulations. The objective function based on r(2), slope, and NSC outperformed the other objective functions. Modelers can benefit from this cost-efficient optimization technique (2570 runs for 23 parameters). C1 [Senaviratne, G. M. M. M. Anomaa; Udawatta, Ranjith P.; Anderson, Stephen H.] Univ Missouri, Dep Soil Environ & Atmos Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Senaviratne, G. M. M. M. Anomaa; Udawatta, Ranjith P.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Baffaut, Claire] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Senaviratne, GMMMA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dep Soil Environ & Atmos Sci, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM SenaviratneA@missouri.edu FU University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry [58-6227-1-004]; USDA-ARS; Department of Soils, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Missouri FX This work was funded through the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry under cooperative agreements 58-6227-1-004 with the USDA-ARS and Department of Soils, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Missouri. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We would like to express our sincere appreciation to Tushar Kanta Das Nakini at Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Missouri, for his assistance given to this project. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1381 EP 1391 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.12.0509 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000028 PM 25603085 ER PT J AU DeLaune, PB Moore, PA AF DeLaune, P. B. Moore, P. A., Jr. TI Factors Affecting Arsenic and Copper Runoff from Fields Fertilized with Poultry Litter SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID REDUCING PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF; ALUMINUM SULFATE; FESCUEGRASS PLOTS; BROILER LITTER; PHYTIC ACID; SOILS; ROXARSONE; MANURE; FATE; PH AB Arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) runoff from fields fertilized with poultry litter has received increasing attention in recent years, although it is not known if heavy metal runoff from poultry litter poses a significant threat to the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the main factors affecting As and Cu concentrations in runoff water from pastures receiving poultry litter applications. Rainfall simulation studies were conducted to determine the effects of the following treatments on metal runoff: (i) aluminum sulfate (alum) additions, (ii) diet modification using phytase or high available phosphorus corn, (iii) fertilizer type, (iv) poultry litter application rate, and (v) time until the first runoff event occurs after poultry litter application. Results showed that alum additions to poultry litter significantly decreased As and Cu concentrations in runoff water. Copper concentrations were highest in runoff from poultry litter from birds fed phytase diets compared with other diets; however, this effect may have been a result of wet storage conditions rather than diet. Triple superphosphate applications resulted in the lowest heavy metal concentrations in runoff water among all fertilizer treatments, while normal poultry litter resulted in the highest concentrations. Arsenic and Cu concentrations increased in runoff water as poultry litter application rates increased and decreased with increasing time until the first runoff event. These data indicate that adding alum to poultry litter, a cost-effective best management practice, which also results in lower P runoff and ammonia emissions, may also be an effective tool in reducing metal runoff. C1 [DeLaune, P. B.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. [Moore, P. A., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, PPSRU, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP DeLaune, PB (reprint author), Texas A&M AgriLife Res, POB 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. EM pbdelaune@ag.tamu.edu NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1417 EP 1423 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.12.0495 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000031 PM 25603088 ER PT J AU Grantz, DA Jackson, A Vu, HB Burkey, KO McGrath, MT Harvey, G AF Grantz, D. A. Jackson, A. Vu, H. -B. Burkey, K. O. McGrath, M. T. Harvey, G. TI High Ozone Increases Soil Perchlorate but Does Not Affect Foliar Perchlorate Content SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NATURAL PERCHLORATE; TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; BACKGROUND LEVELS; ACCUMULATION; LETTUCE; NITRATE; WATER; CHLORIDE; VEGETATION AB Ozone (O-3) is implicated in the natural source inventory of ClO4-, a hydrophilic salt that migrates to groundwater and interferes with the uptake of iodide in mammals, including humans. Tropospheric O-3 is elevated in many urban and some rural areas in the United States and globally. We previously showed that controlled O-3 exposure at near-ambient concentrations (up to 114 nL L-1, 12-h mean) did not increase foliar ClO4-. Under laboratory conditions, O-3 has been shown to oxidize Cl-to ClO4-. Plant tissues contain Cl- and exhibit responses to O-3 invoking redox reactions. As higher levels of O-3 are associated with stratospheric incursion and with developing megacities, we have hypothesized that exposure of vegetation to such elevated O-3 may increase foliar ClO4-. This would contribute to ClO4- in environments without obvious point sources. At these high O-3 concentrations (up to 204 nL L-1, 12-h mean; 320 nL L-1 maximum), we demonstrated an increase in the ClO4- concentration in surface soil that was linearly related to the O-3 concentration. There was no relationship of foliar ClO4- with O-3 exposure or dose (stomatal uptake). Accumulation of ClO4- varied among species at low O-3, but this was not related to soil surface ClO4- or to foliar ClO4- concentrations following exposure to O-3. These data extend our previous conclusions to the highest levels of plausible O-3 exposure, that tropospheric O-3 contributes to environmental ClO4- through interaction with the soil but not through increased foliar ClO4-. C1 [Grantz, D. A.; Vu, H. -B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Bot & Plant Sci, Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Jackson, A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Burkey, K. O.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [McGrath, M. T.] Cornell Univ, Long Isl Hort Res & Extens Ctr, Riverhead, NY 11901 USA. [Harvey, G.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grantz, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Bot & Plant Sci, Kearney Agr Ctr, 9240 South Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM wdagrantz@ucanr.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009 FU 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory and Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Division [FA8650-10-2-6050] FX This material is based on research sponsored by the 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory and Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Division, under Agreement no. FA8650-10-2-6050. The U. S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory and Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Division or the U. S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1460 EP 1466 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.11.0464 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000036 PM 25603093 ER PT J AU Strauch, AM Mackenzie, RA Bruland, GL Tingley, R Giardina, CP AF Strauch, Ayron M. Mackenzie, Richard A. Bruland, Gregory L. Tingley, Ralph, III Giardina, Christian P. TI Climate Change and Land Use Drivers of Fecal Bacteria in Tropical Hawaiian Rivers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INDICATOR BACTERIA; WATER; SOIL; QUALITY; RUNOFF; DYNAMICS; RAINFALL; STREAMS; IMPACT AB Potential shifts in rainfall driven by climate change are anticipated to affect watershed processes (e.g., soil moisture, runoff, stream flow), yet few model systems exist in the tropics to test hypotheses about how these processes may respond to these shifts. We used a sequence of nine watersheds on Hawaii Island spanning 3000 mm (7500-4500 mm) of mean annual rainfall (MAR) to investigate the effects of short-term (24-h) and long-term (MAR) rainfall on three fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (enterococci, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli). All sample sites were in native Ohia dominated forest above 600 m in elevation. Additional samples were collected just above sea level where the predominant land cover is pasture and agriculture, permitting the additional study of interactions between land use across the MAR gradient. We found that declines in MAR significantly amplified concentrations of all three FIB and that FIB yield increased more rapidly with 24-h rainfall in low-MAR watersheds than in high-MAR watersheds. Because storm frequency decreases with declining MAR, the rate of change in water potential affects microbial growth, whereas increased rainfall intensity dislodges more soil and bacteria as runoff compared with water-logged soils of high-MAR watersheds. As expected, declines in % forest cover and increased urbanization increased FIB. Taken together, shifts in rainfall may alter bacterial inputs to tropical streams, with land use change also affecting water quality in streams and near-shore environments. C1 [Strauch, Ayron M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Nat Resources & Environm Management Dep, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mackenzie, Richard A.; Giardina, Christian P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Bruland, Gregory L.] Principia Coll, Biol & Nat Resources Dept, Elsah, IL 62028 USA. [Tingley, Ralph, III] Michigan State Univ, Fisheries & Wildlife Dep, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Strauch, AM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Nat Resources & Environm Management Dep, 1910 East West Rd,Sherman 101, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM astrauch@hawaii.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; Bruland, Gregory/0000-0002-3016-8088 FU USDA Forest Service [10-JV-11272177-030]; Pacific Island Climate Change Consortium FX The authors thank P. Foulk, T. Frauendorf, M. Riney, and M. Hess for assistance in the field and in the lab; J. Baldwin for assistance with statistical analyses; Kamehameha Schools-Bishop Estates for facilitating access to many of the study sites; and J. Wong and K. Duarte for their assistance. Other stakeholders who helped support this research include N. Tarring and A. Delellis at Honolii Mountain Outpost and G. Turner, B. Lowe, and R. Uchima. Funding for landscape summaries was provided by the USGS and by National Climate Change and Wildlife Science, with technical and professional support from the Hawai'i Fish Habitat Partnership, the National Fish Habitat Partnership, A. Cooper, and D. Infante. Funding for this product was provided by the USDA Forest Service (Research Joint Venture #10-JV-11272177-030) and the Pacific Island Climate Change Consortium. Finally, this manuscript benefitted tremendously from the input of two anonymous reviewers. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1475 EP 1483 DI 10.2134/jeq2014.01.0025 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000038 PM 25603095 ER PT J AU Garder, JL Moorman, TB Soupir, ML AF Garder, Jason L. Moorman, Thomas B. Soupir, Michelle L. TI Transport and Persistence of Tylosin-Resistant Enterococci, erm Genes, and Tylosin in Soil and Drainage Water from Fields Receiving Swine Manure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; STREPTOGRAMIN-B; TILE DRAINAGE; SANDY LOAM; CLAY SOIL; RESIDUES; BACTERIA AB Land application of manure from tylosin-treated swine introduces tylosin, tylosin-resistant enterococci, and erythromycin resistant rRNA methylase (erm) genes, which confer resistance to tylosin. This study documents the persistence and transport of tylosin-resistant enterococci, erm genes, and tylosin in tile-drained chisel plow and no-till agricultural fields treated with liquid swine manure in alternating years. Between 70 and 100% of the enterococci in manure were resistant to tylosin and ermB concentrations exceeded 10(8) copies g(-1) manure, while the mean ermF concentrations exceeded 10(7) copies g(-1) manure (ermT was not detected). The mean concentration of tylosin was 73 ng g(-1) manure. Soil collected from the manure injection band closely following application contained >10(9) copies g(-1) soil of both ermB and ermF in 2010 and >10(8) copies g(-1) soil after the 2011 application compared to 3 x 10(3) to 3 x 10(5) copies g(-1) soil in the no-manure control plots. Gene abundances declined over the subsequent 2-yr period to levels similar to those in the no-manure controls. Concentrations of enterococci in tile water were low, while tylosin-resistant enterococci were rarely detected. In approximately 75% of tile water samples, ermB was detected, and ermF was detected in 30% of tile water samples, but levels of these genes were not elevated due to manure application, and no difference was found between tillage practices. These results show that tylosin usage increased the short-term occurrence of tylosin-resistant enterococci, erm genes, and tylosin in soils but had minimal effect on tile drainage water quality in years of average to below average precipitation. C1 [Garder, Jason L.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Moorman, Thomas B.] ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Soupir, Michelle L.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Moorman, TB (reprint author), ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.moorman@ars.usda.gov FU National Pork Board [10-119, 12-089] FX This research was supported through grants from the National Pork Board, projects #10-119 and #12-089. The authors would like to thank Kenneth Pecinovsky and Carl Pederson for assistance at the field site, Beth Douglass and Amy Morrow for their laboratory support and contribution to the study, Josh Claypool for statistics support, and Ross Tuttle for his assistance with sample collection and analysis. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1484 EP 1493 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.09.0379 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL6WC UT WOS:000339273000039 PM 25603096 ER PT J AU Koester, RP Skoneczka, JA Cary, TR Diers, BW Ainsworth, EA AF Koester, Robert P. Skoneczka, Jeffrey A. Cary, Troy R. Diers, Brian W. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. TI Historical gains in soybean (Glycine max Merr.) seed yield are driven by linear increases in light interception, energy conversion, and partitioning efficiencies SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Energy conversion efficiency; harvest index; light interception efficiency; partitioning efficiency; radiation use efficiency; yield potential ID RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; SOLAR-RADIATION; WHEAT; CULTIVARS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRODUCTIVITY; STRATEGIES; CAPACITY; PROGRESS AB Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is the world's most widely grown leguminous crop and an important source of protein and oil for food and feed. Soybean yields have increased substantially throughout the past century, with yield gains widely attributed to genetic advances and improved cultivars as well as advances in farming technology and practice. Yet, the physiological mechanisms underlying the historical improvements in soybean yield have not been studied rigorously. In this 2-year experiment, 24 soybean cultivars released between 1923 and 2007 were grown in field trials. Physiological improvements in the efficiencies by which soybean canopies intercepted light (epsilon(i)), converted light energy into biomass (epsilon(c)), and partitioned biomass into seed (epsilon(p)) were examined. Seed yield increased by 26.5 kg ha(-1) year(-1), and the increase in seed yield was driven by improvements in all three efficiencies. Although the time to canopy closure did not change in historical soybean cultivars, extended growing seasons and decreased lodging in more modern lines drove improvements in epsilon(i). Greater biomass production per unit of absorbed light resulted in improvements in epsilon(c). Over 84 years of breeding, soybean seed biomass increased at a rate greater than total aboveground biomass, resulting in an increase in epsilon(p). A better understanding of the physiological basis for yield gains will help to identify targets for soybean improvement in the future. C1 [Koester, Robert P.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Skoneczka, Jeffrey A.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] USDA ARS, Global Change & Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cary, Troy R.; Diers, Brian W.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ainsworth, EA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lisa.ainsworth@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 39 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 65 IS 12 BP 3311 EP 3321 DI 10.1093/jxb/eru187 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL8VL UT WOS:000339417700029 PM 24790116 ER PT J AU Sun, QR Sun, HY Bell, RL Li, LG Xin, L Tao, JH Li, Q AF Sun, Q. R. Sun, H. Y. Bell, R. L. Li, L. G. Xin, L. Tao, J. H. Li, Q. TI Optimisation of the media for in vitro shoot proliferation and root induction in three new cold-hardy and dwarfing or semi-dwarfing clonal apple rootstocks SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHERRY ROOTSTOCK; MICROPROPAGATION; MULTIPLICATION; PROPAGATION; CULTURES; GROWTH; NECROSIS; YIELD; VIGOR; SPP. AB Rootstocks have been used to influence precocity, tree size, fruit quality, yield efficiency, and mineral uptake, and to withstand adverse environmental conditions in many fruit tree species. However, some apple (Malus X domestica Borkh.) rootstocks with excellent horticultural characteristics are difficult to propagate by conventional methods. Tissue culture can be used to propagate new rootstocks developed from breeding programmes for use in experimental trials and for the rapid large-scale production of rootstocks for commercial production. The aim of this study was to propagate several newly-introduced apple rootstocks which were cold-hardy and dwarfing, or semi-dwarfing, and to improve their rooting ability through tissue culture. Major factors that influenced shoot proliferation and rooting were examined and optimal media were developed for the efficient micropropagation and rooting of in vitro shoots of the apple rootstocks 'GM256', 'Budagovsky 71-3-150', and 'Budagovsky 60-160'. The optimum proliferation medium for all three apple rootstocks was Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL) medium containing 0.5 mg l(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.05 mg l(-1) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Shoot explants of 'Budagovsky 60-160' on 1.0X Murashige and Skoog (MS) proliferation medium, 0.75X MS, or 0.5X MS showed shoot tip necrosis and hyperhydricity. Rooting percentages and numbers of roots per plantlet were highest using dark culture for all three rootstocks. The highest rooting percentages for all three rootstocks were obtained on 0.5X QL medium containing 0.5 mg l(-1) IBA and 2% (w/v) sucrose, but the rooting percentage of 'Budagovsky 60-160' was not significantly different between 0.25X MS and 0.5X QL rooting media. C1 [Sun, Q. R.; Sun, H. Y.; Li, L. G.; Xin, L.; Tao, J. H.; Li, Q.] Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An 27100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Bell, R. L.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Sun, QR (reprint author), Shandong Inst Pomol, 66 Longtan Rd, Tai An 27100, Shandong, Peoples R China. EM qingrong_sun@yahoo.com FU China Agriculture Research System [CARS-28]; Shandong Good Cultivar Breeding Engineering Project FX This work was supported by ear-marked funds for the China Agriculture Research System (Project No. CARS-28) and the Shandong Good Cultivar Breeding Engineering Project (2012). NR 44 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 BP 381 EP 388 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AL8BW UT WOS:000339363900004 ER PT J AU Bryla, DR Scagel, CF AF Bryla, D. R. Scagel, C. F. TI Limitations of CaCl2 salinity to shoot and root growth and nutrient uptake in 'Honeoye' strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROP SALT TOLERANCE; NACL SALINITY; FRUIT YIELD; CITRUS PLANTS; WATER-USE; NITRATE; CHLORIDE; MECHANISMS; ROCKWOOL; ELSANTA AB Salinity thresholds are required to develop better water and nutrient management practices for the production of salt-sensitive crops such as strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). To determine these thresholds, 'Honeoye' strawberry plants were grown in soilless media, fertigated daily with five concentrations of CaCl2 [0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 mM] plus a complete nutrient solution with each, and harvested for growth and nutrient analysis after 31, 58, 87, and 114 d of treatment. To adjust for plant growth, CaCl2 concentrations were doubled in each treatment after 90 d. The electrical conductivities (ECs) of the solutions increased by approx. 0.2 dS m(-1) for each 1.0 mM CaCl2 added. Salinity had no effect, relative to the 0 mM CaCl2 control, on the dry weights (DWs) of leaves, crowns, or mature primary roots, but CaCl2 concentrations >= 10 mM or >= 15 mM reduced the DWs of stolons by 15 - 32% and of new daughter plants by 5 - 22%, respectively, at 87 d. Salinity also reduced the DWs of new primary roots by 40 - 48% and feeder roots by 19% at 114 d at >= 30 mM or 40 mM CaCl2, respectively; whereas 10 mM CaCl2 increased the DWs of feeder roots by 33%. Marginal leaf necrosis was evident in each treatment and, by 113 d, occurred on 14% of leaves treated with 0 mM CaCl2, on 51 - 79% of leaves treated with 10 - 20 mM CaCl2, and on 93 - 98% of leaves treated with 30 - 40 mM CaCl2. Treating with CaCl2 not only increased the Ca in each plant organ, but also increased the concentrations of other nutrients, although not always at the highest CaCl2 concentration. This included Fe in leaves, stolons, and daughter plants, B in daughter plants, and Zn in crowns, daughter plants, and feeder roots. Most of the other nutrients measured were reduced by CaCl2 salinity, including N in stolons, daughter plants, new primary roots, and feeder roots, P and Mn in all tissues/organs but feeder roots, K in all tissues/organs but leaves, Mg in all tissues/organs but crowns, S in daughter plants and each root part, and B and Zn in new primary roots. These results indicate that to achieve optimum growth and runner production in strawberry, irrigation and fertiliser levels should be managed to maintain the EC of the soil (or the nutrient solution) at <= 1.3 dS m(-1) during the first 3 months after planting, and at <= 3.4 dS m(-1) once the plants have matured. C1 [Bryla, D. R.; Scagel, C. F.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hort Crop Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bryla, DR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hort Crop Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM david.bryla@ars.usda.gov FU Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research FX We thank Jesse Mitchell and Suean Ott for technical assistance and acknowledge financial support from the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research and our industry contributors. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 BP 458 EP 470 PG 13 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AL8BW UT WOS:000339363900015 ER PT J AU Owings, AA Yocum, GD Rinehart, JP Kemp, WP Greenlee, KJ AF Owings, Austin A. Yocum, George D. Rinehart, Joseph P. Kemp, William P. Greenlee, Kendra J. TI Changes in respiratory structure and function during post-diapause development in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hypoxia tolerance; Critical PO2; Tracheal system; Pollinator; Respiration; Metabolism ID LOCUST SCHISTOCERCA-AMERICANA; TOBACCO HORNWORM CATERPILLAR; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MANDUCA-SEXTA; SOLITARY BEE; ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; CAMPONOTUS-ANDERSENI; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; OXYGEN LIMITATION; TRACHEAL SYSTEM AB Megachile rotundata, the alfalfa leafcutting bee, is a solitary, cavity-nesting bee. M. rotundata develop from eggs laid inside brood cells constructed from leaf pieces and placed in series in an existing cavity. Due to the cavity nesting behavior of M. rotundata, developing bees may experience hypoxic conditions. The brood cell itself and the position of cell inside the cavity may impact the rates of oxygen diffusion creating hypoxic conditions for developing animals. We hypothesized that bees would be adapted to living in hypoxia and predicted that they would be highly tolerant of hypoxic conditions. To test the hypothesis, we measured critical PO2 (P-crit) in pupal M. rotundata of varying ages. Defined as the atmospheric O-2 level below which metabolic rate cannot be sustained, P-crit is a measure of an animal's respiratory capacity. Using flow through respirometry, we measured CO2 emission rates of developing bees exposed to 21, 10, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 kPa PO2 and statistically determined P-crit. Mean P-crit was 4 Kpa PO2 and ranged from 0 to 10 kPa PO2, similar to those of other insects. P-crit was positively correlated with age, indicating that as pupae aged, they were less tolerant of hypoxia. To determine if there were developmental changes in tracheal structure that accounted for the increase in P-crit, we used synchrotron X-ray imaging and measured the diameter of several tracheae in the head and abdomen of developing bees. Analyses of tracheal diameters showed that tracheae increased in size as animals aged, but the magnitude of the increase varied depending on which trachea was measured. Tracheal diameters increased as pupae molted and decreased as they neared adult emergence, possibly accounting for the decrease in hypoxia tolerance. Little is known about respiratory structures during metamorphosis in bees, and this study provides the first description of tracheal system structure and function in developing M. rotundata. Studies such as this are important for understanding how basic physiological parameters change throughout development and will help to maintain healthy pollinator populations. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Owings, Austin A.; Greenlee, Kendra J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Yocum, George D.; Rinehart, Joseph P.; Kemp, William P.] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Greenlee, KJ (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM kendra.greenlee@ndsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0953297]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank Carlee O'Dell, Marnie Larson, Lindsey Fransen, and Karen Dickey for their technical assistance. We thank the Greenlee lab members and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (IOS-0953297 to K.J.G.). We would also like to thank Wah-Keat Lee and Kamel Fezzaa for assistance with synchrotron X-ray imaging at Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-AC02-06CH11357). NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 66 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.05.003 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA AL3NO UT WOS:000339035600003 PM 24819205 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Wu, GX Ze, SZ Stanley, DW Yang, B AF Zhu, Jia-Ying Wu, Guo-Xing Ze, Sang-Zi Stanley, David W. Yang, Bin TI Parasitization by Scleroderma guani influences protein expression in Tenebrio molitor pupae SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ectoparasitoid; Hymenoptera; Immunity; Proteomics; Interaction ID WASP PTEROMALUS-PUPARUM; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; VENOM PROTEINS; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; HYMENOPTERA PTEROMALIDAE; HEMOLYMPH PROTEOME; GENE-EXPRESSION; DROSOPHILA; POLYDNAVIRUS; INSECT AB Ectoparasitoid wasps deposit their eggs onto the surface and inject venom into their hosts. Venoms are chemically complex and they exert substantial impact on hosts, including permanent or temporary paralysis and developmental arrest. These visible venom effects are due to changes in expression of genes encoding physiologically relevant proteins. While the influence of parasitization on gene expression in several lepidopterans has been reported, the molecular details of parasitoid/beetle relationships remain mostly unknown. This shortcoming led us to pose the hypothesis that envenomation by the ectoparasitic ant-like bethylid wasp Scleroderma guani leads to changes in protein expression in the yellow mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor. We tested our hypothesis by comparing the proteomes of non-parasitized and parasitized host pupae using iTRAQ-based proteomics. We identified 41 proteins that were differentially expressed (32 up arrow- and 9 down arrow-regulated) in parasitized pupae. We assigned these proteins to functional categories, including immunity, stress and detoxification, energy metabolism, development, cytoskeleton, signaling and others. We recorded parallel changes in mRNA levels and protein abundance in 14 selected proteins following parasitization. Our findings support our hypothesis by documenting changes in protein expression in parasitized hosts. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Jia-Ying; Yang, Bin] Southwest Forestry Univ, Key Lab Forest Disaster Warning & Control Yunnan, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China. [Wu, Guo-Xing] Yunnan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China. [Ze, Sang-Zi] Yunnan Forestry Technol Coll, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China. [Stanley, David W.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), Southwest Forestry Univ, Key Lab Forest Disaster Warning & Control Yunnan, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China. EM jyzhu001@gmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31260449]; Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education [211171]; Fund of Reserve Talents for Young and Middle-Aged Leaders of Yunnan Province [2013HB077] FX We thank Yu-Zhi Yang for her assistance in the qPCR. This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31260449), Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (211171), and Fund of Reserve Talents for Young and Middle-Aged Leaders of Yunnan Province (2013HB077). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. All programs and services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 66 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.05.011 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA AL3NO UT WOS:000339035600005 PM 24852673 ER PT J AU Williams, PA Cates, SC Blitstein, JL Hersey, J Gabor, V Ball, M Kosa, K Wilson, H Olson, S Singh, A AF Williams, Pamela A. Cates, Sheryl C. Blitstein, Jonathan L. Hersey, James Gabor, Vivian Ball, Melanie Kosa, Katherine Wilson, Hoke Olson, Sara Singh, Anita TI Nutrition-Education Program Improves Preschoolers' At-Home Diet: A Group Randomized Trial SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article DE Child care; Preschool; Randomized controlled trial; Dairy products; Vegetables ID CHILDRENS FRUIT; VEGETABLE INTAKE; OBESITY PREVENTION; INTERVENTION; CONSUMPTION; IMPACT; START; LUNCH; EAT AB Objective This study evaluated whether a nutrition-education program in child-care centers improved children's at-home daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, at-home use of low-fat/fat-free milk, and other at-home dietary behaviors. Materials and methods Twenty-four child-care centers serving low-income families were matched by region, type, and size, and then randomly assigned to either an intervention or control condition. In the 12 intervention centers, registered dietitian nutritionists provided nutrition education to children and parents separately during a 6- to 10-week period. They also held two training sessions for center staff, to educate them on healthy eating and physical activity policies at the centers, and distributed weekly parent newsletters that included activities and recipes. Parents (n=1,143) completed a mail or telephone survey at baseline and follow:up to report information on their child's fruit, vegetable, and milk consumption and other dietary behaviors at home. This study used general and generalized linear mixed models to evaluate program impacts, while accounting for the clustering of children within centers. This study included child age, child sex, household size, respondent race/ethnicity, respondent age, and respondent sex as covariates. Results The program had a substantial impact on children's at-home daily consumption of vegetables and use of low-fat/fat-free milk. This study also found a significant increase in the frequency of child-initiated vegetable snacking, which might have contributed to the significant increase in vegetable consumption. The program did not have a significant impact on fruit consumption or parental offerings of fruits and vegetables, child-initiated fruit snacking, or child fruit consumption. Conclusions This intervention in child-care settings that emphasized children, parents, and teachers significantly increased at-home vegetable and low-fat/fat-free milk consumption among low-income preschoolers. C1 [Williams, Pamela A.; Cates, Sheryl C.; Blitstein, Jonathan L.; Hersey, James; Ball, Melanie; Kosa, Katherine] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gabor, Vivian] Gabor & Associates Consulting, Bethesda, MD USA. [Gabor, Vivian] Altarum Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. [Ball, Melanie] Maxpoint Interact, Morrisville, NC USA. [Wilson, Hoke] Ctr Workforce Dev & Social Policy Res, Optimal Solut Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Wilson, Hoke] Food & Nutr Serv, USDA, Off Res & Anal, Washington, DC USA. [Olson, Sara; Singh, Anita] Food & Nutr Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Williams, PA (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM pamwilliams@rti.org FU US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) FX This research was supported by US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the FNS or the USDA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2212-2672 J9 J ACAD NUTR DIET JI J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 114 IS 7 BP 1001 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/j.jand.2014.01.015 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AL2RI UT WOS:000338972400004 PM 24667090 ER PT J AU Slate, D Chipman, RB Algeo, TP Mills, SA Nelson, KM Croson, CK Dubovi, EJ Vercauteren, K Renshaw, RW Atwood, T Johnson, S Rupprecht, CE AF Slate, Dennis Chipman, Richard B. Algeo, Timothy P. Mills, Samuel A. Nelson, Kathleen M. Croson, Christopher K. Dubovi, Edward J. Vercauteren, Kurt Renshaw, Randall W. Atwood, Todd Johnson, Shylo Rupprecht, Charles E. TI SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF ONTARIO RABIES VACCINE BAIT (ONRAB) IN THE FIRST US FIELD TRIAL IN RACCOONS (PROCYON LOTOR) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE AdRG1.3; ONRAB; oral rabies vaccination; rabies; raccoon; skunk ID GLYCOPROTEIN RECOMBINANT VACCINE; STRIPED SKUNKS; UNITED-STATES; CANADA; FOXES; SURVEILLANCE; COYOTES; OHIO; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION AB In 2011, we conducted a field trial in rural West Virginia, USA to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a live, recombinant human adenovirus (AdRG1.3) rabies virus glycoprotein vaccine (Ontario Rabies Vaccine Bait; ONRAB) in wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). We selected ONRAB for evaluation because of its effectiveness in raccoon rabies management in Ontario and Quebec, Canada, and significantly higher antibody prevalence rates in raccoons compared with a recombinant vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (V-RC) vaccine, Raboral V-RG (R), in US-Canada border studies. Raccoon rabies was enzootic and oral rabies vaccination (ORV) had never been used in the study area. We distributed 79,027 ONRAB baits at 75 baits/km(2) mostly by fixed-wing aircraft along parallel flight lines at 750-m intervals. Antibody prevalence was significantly higher at 49.2% (n=262) in raccoons after ONRAB was distributed than the 9.6% (n=395) before ORV. This was the highest antibody prevalence observed in raccoons by US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services for areas with similar management histories evaluated before and after an initial ORV campaign at 75 baits/km(2) with Raboral V-RG. Tetracycline biomarker (TTCC) was significantly higher among antibody-positive raccoons after ONRAB baiting and was similar among raccoons before ORV had been conducted, an indication of vaccine-induced rabies virus neutralizing antibody production following consumption of bait containing TTCC. Skunk sample size was inadequate to assess ONRAB effects. Safety and immunogenicity results supported replication of this field trial and led to a recommendation for expanded field trials in 2012 to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of ground-distributed ONRAB at 150 baits/km(2) in residential and commercial habitats in Ohio, USA and aerially distributed ONRAB at 75 baits/km(2) in rural habitats along US-Quebec border. C1 [Slate, Dennis; Chipman, Richard B.; Algeo, Timothy P.; Nelson, Kathleen M.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Rabies Management Program, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Mills, Samuel A.; Croson, Christopher K.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. [Dubovi, Edward J.; Renshaw, Randall W.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14851 USA. [Vercauteren, Kurt; Atwood, Todd; Johnson, Shylo] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Rabies Res Project, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Rupprecht, Charles E.] Global Alliance Rabies Control, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Slate, D (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Rabies Management Program, 59 Chenell Dr, Concord, NH 03301 USA. EM Dennis.Slate@aphis.usda.gov NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 582 EP 595 DI 10.7589/2013-08-207 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AL1TQ UT WOS:000338909600019 PM 24807178 ER PT J AU Gomez-Delgado, F Alcala-Diaz, JF Garcia-Rios, A Delgado-Lista, J Ortiz-Morales, A Rangel-Zuniga, O Tinahones, FJ Gonzalez-Guardia, L Malagon, MM Bellido-Munoz, E Ordovas, JM Perez-Jimenez, F Lopez-Miranda, J Perez-Martinez, P AF Gomez-Delgado, Francisco Francisco Alcala-Diaz, Juan Garcia-Rios, Antonio Delgado-Lista, Javier Ortiz-Morales, Ana Rangel-Zuniga, Oriol Jose Tinahones, Francisco Gonzalez-Guardia, Lorena Malagon, Maria M. Bellido-Munoz, Enrique Ordovas, Jose M. Perez-Jimenez, Francisco Lopez-Miranda, Jose Perez-Martinez, Pablo TI Polymorphism at the TNF-alpha gene interacts with Mediterranean diet to influence triglyceride metabolism and inflammation status in metabolic syndrome patients: From the CORDIOPREV clinical trial SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CORDIOPREV study; Gene-diet interaction; Metabolic syndrome; Postprandial lipemia; TNF-alpha gene ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; SATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LEPTIN LEVELS; BODY-FAT; RISK AB Scope: To examine whether the consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), compared with a low-fat diet, interacts with two single nucleotide polymorphisms at the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene (rs1800629, rs1799964) in order to improve triglycerides (TG), glycemic control, and inflammation markers. Methods and results: Genotyping, biochemical measurements, dietary intervention, and oral fat load test meal were determined in 507 metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients selected from all the subjects included in CORDIOPREV clinical trial (n = 1002). At baseline, G/G subjects (n = 408) at the rs1800629 polymorphism, showed higher fasting and postprandial TG (p = 0.003 and p = 0.025, respectively), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (p = 0.003) plasma concentrations than carriers of the minorA-allele (G/A + A/A) (n = 99). After 12 months of MedDiet, baseline differences between genotypes disappeared. The decrease in TG and hsCRP was statistically significant in G/G subjects (n = 203) compared with carriers of the minor A-allele (p = 0.005 and p = 0.034, respectively) (n = 48). No other gene-diet interactions were observed in either diet. Conclusion: These results suggest that the rs1800629 at the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene interacts with MedDiet to influence TG metabolism and inflammation status in MetS subjects. Understanding the role of gene-diet interactions may be the best strategy for personalized treatment of MetS. C1 [Gomez-Delgado, Francisco; Francisco Alcala-Diaz, Juan; Garcia-Rios, Antonio; Delgado-Lista, Javier; Ortiz-Morales, Ana; Rangel-Zuniga, Oriol; Gonzalez-Guardia, Lorena; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Perez-Martinez, Pablo] Univ Cordoba, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, IMIBIC, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit, Cordoba, Spain. [Gomez-Delgado, Francisco; Francisco Alcala-Diaz, Juan; Garcia-Rios, Antonio; Delgado-Lista, Javier; Ortiz-Morales, Ana; Rangel-Zuniga, Oriol; Jose Tinahones, Francisco; Gonzalez-Guardia, Lorena; Malagon, Maria M.; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Perez-Martinez, Pablo] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain. [Jose Tinahones, Francisco] Hosp Virgen de la Victoria, Dept Endocrinol, Biomed Res Lab, Malaga, Spain. [Malagon, Maria M.] Univ Cordoba, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, IMIBIC, Dept Cell Biol Physiol & Immunol, Cordoba, Spain. [Bellido-Munoz, Enrique] Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Biochem Lab, Cordoba, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] IMDEA, Madrid, Spain. RP Perez-Martinez, P (reprint author), Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM pablopermar@yahoo.es RI Alcala-Diaz, Juan Francisco/F-5329-2016; Malagon, Maria/L-5386-2014; OI Alcala-Diaz, Juan Francisco/0000-0002-4572-3611; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Gomez Delgado, Francisco/0000-0002-0216-2084 FU Fundacion Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero; Junta de Andalucia (Consejeria de Salud); Junta de Andalucia (Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca); Junta de Andalucia (Consejeria de Innovacion); Junta de Andalucia (Ciencia y Empresa); Diputaciones de Jaen y Cordoba; Centro de Excelencia en Investigacion sobre Aceite de Oliva y Salud; Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino, Gobierno de Espana; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [AGL2009-122270, FIS PI10/01041]; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [AGL2012/39615]; Consejeria de Salud, Junta de Andalucia [PI0193/09]; Proyecto de Excelencia, Consejeria de Economia, Innovacion, Ciencia y Empleo [CVI-7450]; Merck Serono; Fundacion 2000 (Clinical research in Cardiometabolic); ISCIII; [PI-0252/09]; [PI-0058/10] FX We would like to thank the EASP (Escuela Andaluza de Salud Publica), Granada, Spain, which performed the randomization process for this study. The CORDIOPREV study is supported by the Fundacion Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero, Junta de Andalucia (Consejeria de Salud, Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca, Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa), Diputaciones de Jaen y Cordoba, Centro de Excelencia en Investigacion sobre Aceite de Oliva y Salud and Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino, Gobierno de Espana. It was also partly supported by research grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (AGL2009-122270 to J L-M, FIS PI10/01041 to P P-M); Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (AGL2012/39615 to J L-M); Consejeria de Salud, Junta de Andalucia (PI0193/09 to J L-M), PI-0252/09 to J D-L, and PI-0058/10 to P P-M; Proyecto de Excelencia, Consejeria de Economia, Innovacion, Ciencia y Empleo (CVI-7450 to J L-M); Merck Serono and Fundacion 2000 (Clinical research in Cardiometabolic to PP-M). JF Alcala-Diaz is supported by an ISCIII research contract (Programa Rio-Hortega). The CIBEROBN is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1613-4125 EI 1613-4133 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1519 EP 1527 DI 10.1002/mnfr.201300723 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AL3CC UT WOS:000339001900013 PM 24753491 ER PT J AU Keenan, TF Gray, J Friedl, MA Toomey, M Bohrer, G Hollinger, DY Munger, JW O'Keefe, J Schmid, HP SueWing, I Yang, B Richardson, AD AF Keenan, Trevor F. Gray, Josh Friedl, Mark A. Toomey, Michael Bohrer, Gil Hollinger, David Y. Munger, J. William O'Keefe, John Schmid, Hans Peter SueWing, Ian Yang, Bai Richardson, Andrew D. TI Net carbon uptake has increased through warming-induced changes in temperate forest phenology SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GROWING-SEASON LENGTH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; NORTHERN ECOSYSTEMS; EXCHANGE; AUTUMN; JAPAN; CO2; LATITUDES; RESPONSES AB The timing of phenological events exerts a strong control over ecosystem function and leads to multiple feedbacks to the climate system(1). Phenology is inherently sensitive to temperature (although the exact sensitivity is disputed(2)) and recent warming is reported to have led to earlier spring, later autumn(3,4) and increased vegetation activity(5,6). Such greening could be expected to enhance ecosystem carbon uptake(7,8), although reports also suggest decreased uptake for boreal forests(4,9). Here we assess changes in phenology of temperate forests over the eastern US during the past two decades, and quantify the resulting changes in forest carbon storage. We combine long-term ground observations of phenology, satellite indices, and ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide flux measurements, along with 18 terrestrial biosphere models. We observe a strong trend of earlier spring and later autumn. In contrast to previous suggestions(4,9) we show that carbon uptake through photosynthesis increased considerably more than carbon release through respiration for both an earlier spring and later autumn. The terrestrial biosphere models tested misrepresent the temperature sensitivity of phenology, and thus the effect on carbon uptake. Our analysis of the temperature-phenology-carbon coupling suggests a current and possible future enhancement of forest carbon uptake due to changes in phenology. This constitutes a negative feedback to climate change, and is serving to slow the rate of warming. C1 [Keenan, Trevor F.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Keenan, Trevor F.; Toomey, Michael; Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gray, Josh; Friedl, Mark A.; SueWing, Ian] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [O'Keefe, John] Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Schmid, Hans Peter] IMK IFU, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Yang, Bai] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Keenan, TF (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM trevor.keenan@mq.edu.au RI Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Keenan, Trevor/B-2744-2010 OI Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540; Keenan, Trevor/0000-0002-3347-0258 FU NOAA Climate Program Office, Global Carbon Cycle Program [NA11OAR4310054]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy; Macquarie University Research Fellowship; National Science Foundation's Marcrosystem Biology program [EF-1065029]; NASA [NNX11AE75G S01]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0911461, DEB-1114804]; USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (DOE) FX This research was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office, Global Carbon Cycle Program (award NA11OAR4310054) and the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy. T. F. K. acknowledges support from a Macquarie University Research Fellowship. A. D. R. acknowledges additional support from the National Science Foundation's Marcrosystem Biology program (grant EF-1065029). M. A. F. gratefully acknowledges support from NASA grant number NNX11AE75G S01. G. B. acknowledges the National Science Foundation's grant DEB-0911461. We thank all those involved in the NACP Site Synthesis, in particular the modelling teams who provided model output. Research at the Bartlett Experimental Forest tower is supported by the National Science Foundation (grant DEB-1114804) and the USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station. Research at Howland Forest is supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy. Carbon flux and biometric measurements at Harvard Forest have been supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research Programs. Hubbard Brook phenology data were provided by A. Bailey at the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. We thank D. Dragoni for useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 18 U2 155 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 4 IS 7 BP 598 EP 604 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2253 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL0SP UT WOS:000338837400026 ER PT J AU Healey, SP Urbanski, SP Patterson, PL Garrard, C AF Healey, Sean P. Urbanski, Shawn P. Patterson, Paul L. Garrard, Chris TI A framework for simulating map error in ecosystem models SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo; Landsat; Change detection; Carbon ID FOREST INVENTORY; CARBON EMISSIONS; BASE-LINE; FIRE; DYNAMICS; HARVEST; STORAGE; TRENDS; PLAN AB The temporal depth and spatial breadth of observations from platforms such as Landsat provide unique perspective on ecosystem dynamics, but the integration of these observations into formal decision support will rely upon improved uncertainty accounting. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations offer a practical, empirical method of accounting for potential map errors in broader ecosystem assessments. However, unless steps are taken across simulations to vary the probability density functions (PDFs) that control simulated map error, the large number of map units to which those PDFs are applied may cause convergence of mean simulated conditions and an artificial reduction of MC estimates of uncertainty. For MC simulation of errors in categorical maps, we introduce a technique we call "PDF weaving" which both: 1) allows variation of PDFs across simulations; and, 2) explicitly aligns the resulting range of simulated populations with estimates and uncertainties identified by traditional monitoring methods such as design-based inventories. This approach is based on solving systems of linear equations and inequalities for each simulation. Each system incorporates linear constraints related to the unchanging distribution of area among classes in the original map (akin to the fixed longitudinal "warp" on a loom) with variable linear constraints related to the class distribution to be simulated in any one iteration (analogous to the perpendicular, variable fibers of the "weft"). Additional constraints specify how many map units to treat as "correct" based on validation exercises at the map unit level. Solution of these systems provides PDFs which will simulate error at both the map unit level and the population level in a way that is consistent with validation exercises and available population-level estimates. We illustrated this approach in an assessment of the effects of wildfire and harvest on carbon storage over 20 years on a forested landscape in the western United States (US). This assessment utilized the Forest Carbon Management Framework (ForCaMF) approach, which is being implemented by the US National Forest System (NFS). Results showed that simulating map error through the use of dynamic PDFs can contribute significant, realistic uncertainty in a Monte Carlo analysis, but that impacts of fire and harvest on carbon storage may nevertheless be dearly identified and differentiated using remotely sensed maps of vegetation and disturbance. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Healey, Sean P.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Urbanski, Shawn P.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Patterson, Paul L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Garrard, Chris] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Healey, SP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM seanhealey@fs.fed.us FU NASA's Applied Sciences Program [10-CARBON10-0082] FX This work was made possible by a grant (10-CARBON10-0082) from NASA's Applied Sciences Program. Jim Morrison of the National Forest System provided clear guidance related to needed resource information, as did David Cleaves, Greg Kujawa, and Elizabeth Reinhardt of the Forest Service Climate Change Office. Extensive support was also provided by the Forest Service Interior West Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. Many thanks are also due Douglas Ramsey of Utah State University. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 150 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.028 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AL3OG UT WOS:000339037500018 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Porter, SD Firth, AE AF Valles, Steven M. Porter, Sanford D. Firth, Andrew E. TI Solenopsis invicta virus 3: Pathogenesis and stage specificity in red imported fire ants SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Social insect; Caste; RNA virus; Tropism; Formicidae ID HONEY-BEE VIRUSES; SACBROOD VIRUS; RNA; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; COLONIES; PCR AB Solenopsis invicta colonies were exposed to purified preparations of Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3) to investigate virus pathogenesis at the colony level. Time course experiments revealed an infection exhibiting specificity for the adult stage (workers). SINV-3 genome and a capsid protein were increasingly present in worker ants with time. Northern blot analysis revealed two bands in RNA preparations from worker ants infected with SINV-3 corresponding to the genomic and sub-genomic species. Conversely, larval RNA preparations from SINV-3-infected colonies showed a near-complete absence of SINV-3 genome or sub-genome. The data confirm that SINV-3 is the etiological agent causing mortality among S. invicta colonies in the laboratory. We propose that SINV-3 infection somehow alters worker ant behavior, which may prevent them from acquiring and/or distributing solid food to the larvae. Consequently, larval mortality and impaired queen health occur as a result of starvation or neglect by the worker caste. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Valles, Steven M.; Porter, Sanford D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Firth, Andrew E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Pathol, Cambridge CB2 1QP, England. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM steven.valles@ars.usda.gov OI Firth, Andrew/0000-0002-7986-9520 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL PY 2014 VL 460 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.026 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA AL8TT UT WOS:000339413300007 PM 25010271 ER PT J AU Gladue, DP O'Donnell, V Fernandez-Sainz, IJ Fletcher, P Baker-Branstetter, R Holinka, LG Sanford, B Carlson, J Lu, Z Borca, MV AF Gladue, D. P. O'Donnell, V. Fernandez-Sainz, I. J. Fletcher, P. Baker-Branstetter, R. Holinka, L. G. Sanford, B. Carlson, J. Lu, Z. Borca, M. V. TI Interaction of structural core protein of classical swine fever virus with endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway protein OS9 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Virulence; Pathogenesis; Attenuation; Core protein; Classical swine fever virus ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; E2 GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRULENCE DETERMINANT; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; REPLICATION; IDENTIFICATION; PESTIVIRUSES; ATTENUATION; MUTATIONS AB Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) Core protein is involved in virus RNA protection, transcription regulation and virus virulence. To discover additional Core protein functions a yeast two-hybrid system was used to identify host proteins that interact with Core. Among the identified host proteins, the osteosarcoma amplified 9 protein (059) was further studied. Using alanine scanning mutagenesis, the OS9 binding site in the CSFV Core protein was identified, between Core residues (90)IAIM(93), near a putative cleavage site. Truncated versions of Core were used to show that OS9 binds a polypeptide representing the 12 C-terminal Core residues. Cells transfected with a double-fluorescent labeled Core construct demonstrated that co-localization of OS9 and Core occurred only on unprocessed forms of Core protein. A recombinant CSFV containing Core protein where residues (90)IAIM(93) were substituted by alanines showed no altered virulence in swine, but a significant decreased ability to replicate in cell cultures. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gladue, D. P.; O'Donnell, V.; Fernandez-Sainz, I. J.; Fletcher, P.; Baker-Branstetter, R.; Holinka, L. G.; Sanford, B.; Carlson, J.; Borca, M. V.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Baker-Branstetter, R.; Lu, Z.] DHS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM douglas.gladue@ars.usda.gov; vivian.odonnell@ars.usda.gov; ignacio.fernandez-sainz@ars.usda.gov; Paige.Fletcher@ars.usda.gov; Ryan.Baker-Branstetter@ars.usda.gov; lauren.holinka@ars.usda.gov; Brenton.Stanford@ars.usda.gov; Jolene.Carlson@ars.usda.gov; zlu@dhs.gov; manuel.borca@ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez Sainz, Ignacio/I-3046-2016; OI Gladue, Douglas/0000-0002-7894-0233; Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL PY 2014 VL 460 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2014.05.008 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA AL8TT UT WOS:000339413300019 PM 25010283 ER PT J AU Bergmant, RD Oneil, E Eastin, IL Han, HS AF Bergman, Richard D. Oneil, Elaine Eastin, Ivan L. Han, Han-Sup TI LIFE CYCLE IMPACTS OF MANUFACTURING REDWOOD DECKING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Redwood decking; life cycle assessment; greenhouse gases; manufacturing; environmental impacts ID SOFTWOOD LUMBER; WOOD PRODUCTS; INVENTORY; US AB Awareness of the environmental footprint of building construction and use has led to increasing interest in green building. Defining a green building is an evolving process with life cycle inventory and life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) emerging as key tools in that evolution and definition process. This study used LCIA to determine the environmental footprint associated with manufacturing 38- x 138-mm redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) decking from sustainably managed northern California redwood forests. Primary survey data were collected from four redwood mills that represent 90% of redwood lumber production. The primary data were then weight-averaged on a per-unit basis of 1 m(3) of planed redwood decking (380 oven-dry kg/m(3)) to calculate material flows and energy use. All of the raw material consumption and environmental outputs were assigned to dry planed redwood decking and none to coproducts. The gate-to-gate, cumulative energy consumption associated with manufacturing 1 m(3) of planed redwood decking from 1.8 m(3) of incoming logs was 1.36 GJ/m(3) with 19% of the energy provided by burning wood residues. Emission data produced through modeling the production process found that the estimated biomass and fossil CO2 emissions were 20.9 and 52.9 kg/m(3), respectively. Based on the carbon content of redwood of 53%, a cubic meter of 38- x 138-mm redwood decking product stores 201 kg of carbon and if released into the atmosphere would emit 738 kg of CO2. The amount of carbon stored in redwood decking is equivalent to about 10 times the total CO2 emissions released during the manufacturing process. Low carbon emissions during the manufacturing process and carbon storage during the service life of a redwood deck are positive environmental attributes that should be considered when selecting a decking product. C1 [Bergman, Richard D.] US Forest Serv, Econ & Stat Unit, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Oneil, Elaine] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Eastin, Ivan L.] Univ Washington, Ctr Int Trade Forest Prod, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Han, Han-Sup] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Bergmant, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Econ & Stat Unit, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM rbergman@fs.fed.us; eoneil@uw.edu; eastin@uw.edu; hh30@humboldt.edu NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 46 IS 3 BP 322 EP 339 PG 18 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA AL8TP UT WOS:000339412800004 ER PT J AU Olatinwo, R Streett, D Carlton, C AF Olatinwo, Rabiu Streett, Douglas Carlton, Christopher TI Habitat Suitability Under Changing Climatic Conditions for the Exotic Ambrosia Beetle, Cnestus mutilatus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) in the Southeastern United States SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ambrosia beetle; camphor shot borer; invasive species ID XYLOSANDRUS-MUTILATUS; BLANDFORD COLEOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS AB The camphor shot borer, Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford) is a nonnative ambrosia beetle _rst reported in the United States in 1999 at Oktibbeha County in Mississippi. Although, C. mutilatus is a major pest of several trees in its native habitat in Asia, it is not yet a major pest in the United States. However, the range expansion in recent years across the southeastern region indicates that C. mutilatus could be adapting quickly to the new environment, perhaps because of the availability of numerous host trees and suitable environmental conditions that support the population. As the population increases, future outbreaks of C. mutilatus may result in mortality of valuable hosts. Our objective was to identify potential suitable habitats for C. mutilatus in the southeastern United States under changing climate by 2020 and 2060 by examining C. mutilatus preferred conditions, host environmental requirements, precipitation, and temperature projections from an ensemble of general circulation model, and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change future climate scenarios. Our results indicated that suitable habitat for C. mutilatus in the southeastern United States will expand slightly under the A1B emission scenarios (i. e., moderate population growth and high-energy use balanced across all sources), and signi_cantly under B1 emission scenarios (i. e., representing moderate population growth and an emphasis on global approaches to economic and environmental stability) by 2060. Whereas the opposite may occur under the A2 scenario (i. e., representing continuously increasing population, regionally focused economic growth, and slower introduction of alternative fuels technology). Nearly half of the parishes in Louisiana and counties in Mississippi will be suitable for C. mutilatus by 2020, under the A2 emission scenarios. However, suitable habitat range could decrease and become fragmented by 2060. These results could be useful in forest management efforts in places where C. mutilatus may become established in the future. C1 [Olatinwo, Rabiu; Carlton, Christopher] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Streett, Douglas] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Olatinwo, R (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rolatinwo@lsu.edu FU U.S. Department of AgricultureD Forest Service, Southern Research Station [11-DG11330129-021] FX We greatly appreciate the funding support for this research provided by the U.S. Department of AgricultureD Forest Service, Southern Research Station (11-DG11330129-021). This manuscript is published with the approval of the Director, Louisiana State University Agricultural Experiment Station as manuscript number 2014-23415325. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 107 IS 4 BP 782 EP 788 DI 10.1603/AN14024 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AL0UO UT WOS:000338842600009 ER PT J AU Ghimire, MN Phillips, TW AF Ghimire, Mukti N. Phillips, Thomas W. TI Oviposition and Reproductive Performance of Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Six Different Pyralid Host Species SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE stored-product pest; biological control; parasitoid; reproduction; host quality ID MELLONELLA L LEPIDOPTERA; BIASED SEX ALLOCATION; PARASITIC WASP; CLUTCH SIZE; SUITABILITY; PTEROMALIDAE; EVOLUTION; INSECTS; QUALITY; MOTHS AB Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a gregarious ecto-parasitoid that attacks larvae of several species of Lepidoptera, mainly pyralid moths infesting stored products. Host quality strongly influences the reproductive success of the parasitoid. In this study, we assessed the reproductive performance of the parasitoid, H. hebetor in a series of laboratory experiments using six different pyralid host species: Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller), almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker), rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton), navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), and greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. Experiments were conducted using petri dishes (100 by 15mm) as experimental arenas at 29 +/- 1 degrees C, 65 +/- 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 14: 10 (L: D) h. Two-day-old H. hebetor females were introduced singly into experimental arenas and given a single host larva every day throughout their lifetime. The numbers of hosts paralyzed and parasitized, numbers of eggs laid each day on each host, egg-to-adult survivorship, and progeny sex ratio were used as parameters for assessing host suitability. Paralysis of hosts by H. hebetor females was significantly affected by host species. H. hebetor paralyzed > 95% of the preferred host larvae that were offered and also used approximate to 90% of those for oviposition. Daily fecundity was highest on G. mellonella (22.1 +/- 0.4) and C. cephalonica (21.6 +/- 0.3), and lowest on E. cautella (13.4 +/- 0.2). The egg-to-adult survivorship and progeny sex ratio were also significantly affected by the host species. The highest percentage of parasitoid survival was on A. transitella (75.7 +/- 2.0) and C. cephalonica (75.4 +/- 2.5), and lowest on G. mellonella (49.7 +/- 4.8). Our studies clearly showed that H. hebetor females can paralyze and lay eggs on several pyralid species, but it cannot necessarily develop and reproduce optimally on all host species that it can paralyze and parasitize. C1 [Ghimire, Mukti N.; Phillips, Thomas W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ghimire, MN (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, 1398 West Truck Rd, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. EM mukti@ksu.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES) under the Risk Avoidance and Mitigation Program [2005-03824]; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Jack Baldwin, Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, for reviewing an earlier draft of the manuscript. Our appreciation to Mark Payton, Department of statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, for helpful suggestions regarding data analysis. We also appreciate comments on earlier drafts by Drs. Kris Giles and Tom Royer, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. This study was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES) under the Risk Avoidance and Mitigation Program under grant 2005-03824, and with institutional support from the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station and the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 107 IS 4 BP 809 EP 817 DI 10.1603/AN14046 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AL0UO UT WOS:000338842600012 ER PT J AU Roehrdanz, RL Wichmann, SS AF Roehrdanz, R. L. Wichmann, S. Sears TI Wolbachia Multilocus Sequence Typing of Singly Infected and Multiply Infected Populations of Northern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE corn pest; endosymbiont; Wolbachia ID DIABROTICA-BARBERI COLEOPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; CULEX-PIPIENS; DIVERSITY; RECOMBINATION; EVOLUTION; STRAINS; DIPTERA AB The northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) in eastern and central North America exhibits at least three distinct populations with respect to Wolbachia infection: uninfected; singly infected; multiply infected. The infected states are associated with different mtDNA haplotypes and reduced mtDNA variability. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to define strain types and examine the diversity of Wolbachia infecting northern corn rootworm. Four of the five MLST genes (coxA, hcpA, fbpA, and ftsZ) were represented by three alleles each. The remaining MLST gene (gatB) had four to six alleles. The uncertainty arose from whether to call two small clusters new alleles or artifacts of the amplification process. Singly infected individuals had a common set of alleles that defined one strain (wBarB). This strain was also a component of the multiple infections. A second strain (wBarA), restricted to the multiple infections, was defined by alleles that appeared with substantially greater frequency for each of the five loci. By default a third strain would comprise the less frequent third allele of the four loci, but it is not possible to determine to which gatB allele they are linked. Therefore, the strain is not fully defined. The diversity of gatB indicates that four to six Wolbachia strains are present in northern corn rootworm, a number that is similar to the five variants reported previously for the wsp gene. These results also highlight the very real difficulty of using the MLST system to define specific strains in a multiply infected host. C1 [Roehrdanz, R. L.; Wichmann, S. Sears] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Insect Genet & Biochem Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Roehrdanz, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Insect Genet & Biochem Res Unit, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM richard.roehrdanz@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 107 IS 4 BP 832 EP 841 DI 10.1603/AN14006 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AL0UO UT WOS:000338842600015 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB Leal, SN Conway, HE AF Thomas, Donald B. Leal, Sandra N. Conway, Hugh E. TI Copula Duration, Insemination, and Sperm Allocation in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE insemination; spermathecae; ventral receptacle; SIT; mated status ID MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY; CAGED HOST TREE; SUSPENSA DIPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; MATING-BEHAVIOR; MATED FEMALES; STORAGE; FLIES; VIRGIN; TORULA AB The juxtaposition and functional relationship of the sperm storage organs in Anastrepha ludens (Loew) is described. The spermatheca squash technique has been used to determine mated status in tephritid fruit flies, and thus as a measure of compatibility and coverage for sterile insect technique programs. Female A. ludens have four seminal storage organs: three spermathecae and a ventral receptacle. By interrupting coitus at set intervals, it is shown that the ventral receptacle fills first and after 15-30 min the spermathecae begin to fill. Among wild captured flies, all mature (gravid) females had semen in the ventral receptacle, but only 40-60% had sperm in at least one spermatheca. Therefore, examination of the ventral receptacle rather than the spermathecae alone is the more reliable method for determining mated status. C1 [Thomas, Donald B.] USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Leal, Sandra N.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Harlingen, TX USA. [Conway, Hugh E.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, CPHST, Mission Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM donald.thomas@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 107 IS 4 BP 858 EP 865 DI 10.1603/AN14015 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AL0UO UT WOS:000338842600019 ER PT J AU Jonkers, W Xayamongkhon, H Haas, M Olivain, C van der Does, HC Broz, K Rep, M Alabouvette, C Steinberg, C Kistler, HC AF Jonkers, Wilfried Xayamongkhon, Henry Haas, Matthew Olivain, Chantal van der Does, H. Charlotte Broz, Karen Rep, Martijn Alabouvette, Claude Steinberg, Christian Kistler, H. Corby TI EBR1 genomic expansion and its role in virulence of Fusarium species SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; VASCULAR WILT FUNGUS; PATHOGENICITY GENES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; OXYSPORUM; GRAMINEARUM; REVEALS; BIOSYNTHESIS; CLUSTER AB Genome sequencing of Fusarium oxysporum revealed that pathogenic forms of this fungus harbour supernumerary chromosomes with a wide variety of genes, many of which likely encode traits required for pathogenicity or niche specialization. Specific transcription factor gene families are expanded on these chromosomes including the EBR1 family (Enhanced Branching). The significance of the EBR1 family expansion on supernumerary chromosomes and whether EBR1 paralogues are functional is currently unknown. EBR1 is found as a single copy in F. graminearum and other fungi but as multiple paralogues in pathogenic F. oxysporum strains. These paralogues exhibit sequence and copy number variation among different host-specific strains and even between more closely related strains. Relative expression of the EBR1 paralogues depends on growth conditions and on the presence of the single EBR1 gene in the core genome. Deletion of EBR1 in the core genome in different F. oxysporum strains resulted in impaired growth, reduced pathogenicity and slightly reduced biocontrol capacities. To identify genes regulated by EBR1, the transcriptomes of wild-type and Delta ebr1 strains were compared for both F. oxysporum and F. graminearum. These studies showed that in both species, EBR1 regulates genes involved in general metabolism as well as virulence. C1 [Jonkers, Wilfried; Xayamongkhon, Henry; Haas, Matthew; Kistler, H. Corby] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Olivain, Chantal; Alabouvette, Claude] INRA, UMR Agroecol 1347, F-21065 Dijon, France. [van der Does, H. Charlotte; Rep, Martijn] Univ Amsterdam, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Broz, Karen; Kistler, H. Corby] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kistler, HC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM hckist@umn.edu OI Broz, Karen/0000-0001-7928-7216 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA); Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) [2008-35604-18800, 2010-65108-20642] FX The authors thank Liane Gale for preparations of plugs for CHEF electrophoresis. Aaron Becker from the BioMedical Genomics Center at the University of Minnesota is thanked for processing the microarray chips. The Minnesota Supercomputing Institute is kindly acknowledged for computing resources and support. Yanhong Dong from the Department of Plant Pathology at the University of Minnesota is kindly thanked for performing the toxin analysis. This project was made possible by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) and Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) awards 2008-35604-18800 and 2010-65108-20642. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 16 IS 7 SI SI BP 1982 EP 2003 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12331 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AL2VL UT WOS:000338983600003 PM 24237614 ER PT J AU Sun, XX Bai, JH Ference, C Wang, Z Zhang, YF Narciso, J Zhou, KQ AF Sun, Xiuxiu Bai, Jinhe Ference, Christopher Wang, Zhe Zhang, Yifan Narciso, Jan Zhou, Kequan TI Antimicrobial Activity of Controlled-Release Chlorine Dioxide Gas on Fresh Blueberries SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; POSTHARVEST STORAGE QUALITY; SHELF-LIFE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; COLLETOTRICHUM-ACUTATUM; INACTIVATION KINETICS; FRUIT; STRAWBERRIES; SALMONELLA; GROWTH AB The effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas on the safety and quality of blueberries was studied. In vitro studies revealed that both ClO2 gas fumigation and ClO2 direct contact in water killed food pathogen bacterium Escherichia coli and fruit decay pathogen fungus Colletotrichum acutatum. In vivo studies were conducted using noninoculated berries and berries inoculated with postharvest decay and foodborne pathogens. Berries were inoculated with either E. colt (5.2 log CFU/g) or C. acutatum (3.9 log CFU/g). Inoculated fruit were dried for 2 h at room temperature in a climate-controlled laboratory and packed in perforated commercial clamshells, with or without ClO2 pads, and stored at 10 degrees C for up to 9 days. The effects of ClO2 on microbial populations and fruit firmness were monitored during storage. In the inoculation experiment, treatment with ClO2 reduced populations of E. colt and C. acutatum by 2.2 to 3.3 and 1.3 to 2.0 log CFU/g, respectively. For the noninoculated blueberries, the initial total aerobic bacteria count and the yeast and mold count were 4.2 and 4.1 log CFU/g, respectively. ClO2 treatment reduced total aerobic bacteria count and yeast and mold count by 1.5 to 1.8 and 1.3 to 1.7 log CFU/g, respectively. The firmness of both inoculated and noninoculated blueberries was maintained by ClO2 treatment. Thus, controlled-release ClO2 gas fumigation technology shows promise as an effective and practical antimicrobial agent in commercial clamshell packaging of blueberry and other fruits. C1 [Sun, Xiuxiu; Zhang, Yifan; Zhou, Kequan] Wayne State Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Bai, Jinhe; Ference, Christopher; Wang, Zhe; Narciso, Jan] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Narciso, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 South Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM jan.narciso@ars.usda.gov; kzhou@wayne.edu FU Worrell Water Technologies FX We thank Worrell Water Technologies for financial support. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 30 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1127 EP 1132 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-554 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA AL0JU UT WOS:000338814000010 PM 24988018 ER PT J AU Boyd, CS Johnson, DD Kerby, JD Svejcar, TJ Davies, KW AF Boyd, Chad S. Johnson, Dustin D. Kerby, Jay D. Svejcar, Tony J. Davies, Kirk W. TI Of Grouse and Golden Eggs: Can Ecosystems Be Managed Within a Species-Based Regulatory Framework? SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Endangered Species Act; sagebrush; sage-grouse; state-and-transition ID SAGE-GROUSE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; TRANSITION MODELS; JUNIPER WOODLANDS; STATE; CONSERVATION; RANGELANDS; HABITAT; RESTORATION; ACT AB Declining greater sage-grouse populations are causing concern for the future of this species across the western United States. Major ecosystem issues, including exotic annual grass invasion and conifer encroachment, threaten vast acreages of sagebrush rangeland and are primary threats to sage-grouse. We discuss types of problems facing sage-grouse habitat and argue that complex ecosystem problems may be difficult to address under the Endangered Species Act as currently applied. Some problems, such as anthropogenic development, can be effectively regulated to produce a desired outcome. Other problems that are complex and involve disruption of ecosystem processes cannot be effectively regulated and require ongoing commitment to adaptive management. We believe that historical inertia of the regulatory paradigm is sufficient to skew management toward regulatory mechanisms, even though complex ecosystem problems impact large portions of the sage-grouse range. To overcome this situation, we suggest that the regulatory approach embodied in the Endangered Species Act be expanded to include promoting management trajectories needed to address complex ecosystem-problems. This process should begin with state-and-transition models as the basis for a conceptual framework that outlines potential plant communities, their value as sage-grouse habitat, and their ecological status. Desired management trajectories are defined by maintenance of an ecologically resilient state that is of value as sage-grouse habitat, or movement from a less desired to a more desired state. Addressing complex ecosystem problems will involve shifting conservation roles. Under the regulatory approach, programmatic scales define regulatory policies, and local scales focus on implementing those policies. With complex ecosystem problems, programmatic scales empower local conservationists to make decisions necessary to adaptively manage problems. Putting ecosystem management on par with traditional regulatory actions honors obligations to provide regulatory protections while maintaining the capacity of the ecosystem to produce habitat and greatly expands the diversity of stakeholders willing to participate in sage-grouse conservation. C1 [Boyd, Chad S.; Svejcar, Tony J.; Davies, Kirk W.] ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Johnson, Dustin D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim & Rangeland Sci, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Kerby, Jay D.] Nature Conservancy, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Boyd, CS (reprint author), 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM chad.boyd@oregonstate.edu NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 41 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 67 IS 4 BP 358 EP 368 DI 10.2111/REM-D-13-00096.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL1UW UT WOS:000338912800003 ER PT J AU Bristow, NA Weisberg, PJ Tausch, RJ AF Bristow, Nathan A. Weisberg, Peter J. Tausch, Robin J. TI A 40-Year Record of Tree Establishment Following Chaining and Prescribed Fire Treatments in Singleleaf Pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and Utah Juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) Woodlands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Great Basin; pinyon-juniper; rangeland restoration; tree age structure; tree regeneration; woodland expansion ID COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; PLANT SUCCESSION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; WESTERN JUNIPER; CENTRAL NEVADA; SEED; FACILITATION; DISPERSAL; MORTALITY; IMPACTS AB Chaining and prescribed fire treatments have been widely applied throughout pinyon-juniper woodlands of the western United States in an effort to reduce tree cover and stimulate understory growth. Our objective was to quantify effects of treatment on woodland recovery rate and structure and the relative dominance of the two major tree species in our Great Basin study area, singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem.) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma [Torr.] Little). We resampled plots after a 40-yr interval to evaluate species-specific differences in tree survivorship and establishment from posttreatment age structures. Tree age data were collected in 2008 within four chained sites in eastern Nevada, treated in 1958, 1962, 1968, and 1969 and originally sampled in 1971. The same data were collected at five prescribed burn sites treated in 1975 and originally sampled in 1976. All chained sites had greater juniper survival than pinyon survival immediately following treatment. Chained sites with higher tree survival also had the greatest amount of new tree establishment. During the interval between treatment and the 2008 sampling, approximately four more trees per hectare per year established following chaining than following fire. Postfire tree establishment only occurred for the initial 15 yr and was dominated by juniper. Establishment after chaining was dominated by juniper for the first 15 yr but by pinyon for 15-40 yr following treatment. Results support an earlier successional role for juniper than for pinyon, which is more dependent upon favorable microsites and facilitation from nurse shrubs. Repeated chaining at short intervals, or prescribed burning at infrequent intervals, will likely favor juniper dominance. Chaining at infrequent intervals (> 20-40 yr) will likely result in regained dominance of pinyon. Chaining treatments can be rapidly recolonized by trees and have the potential to create or amplify landscape-level shifts in tree species composition. C1 [Bristow, Nathan A.; Weisberg, Peter J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Tausch, Robin J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Weisberg, PJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM pweisberg@cabnr.unr.edu FU Bureau of Land Management (Nevada State Office); Rocky Mountain Research Station; US Dept of Agriculture Forest Service FX Research was funded by the Bureau of Land Management (Nevada State Office) and by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Dept of Agriculture Forest Service. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 67 IS 4 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.2111/REM-D-13-00168.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL1UW UT WOS:000338912800006 ER PT J AU Rinella, MJ Bellows, SE Roth, AD AF Rinella, Matthew J. Bellows, Susan E. Roth, Aaron D. TI Aminopyralid Constrains Seed Production of the Invasive Annual Grasses Medusahead and Ventenata SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE downy brome; growth regulator herbicide; herbicide; invasive plant; seedbank; weed ID BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; EUPHORBIA-ESULA CONTROL; STARTHISTLE CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; TAENIATHERUM-CAPUT-MEDUSAE; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; DOWNY BROME; YELLOW STARTHISTLE; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; HERBICIDE TREATMENTS AB Invasive annual grasses, such as medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae [L.] Nevski), ventenata (Ventenata dubia [Leers] Coss.), downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), and Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thumb. ex Murr.), are negatively impacting millions of hectares of US rangelands. Amino acid synthesis inhibitor and photosynthesis inhibitor herbicides are sometimes used to control invasive annual grasses. Conversely, growth regulator herbicides are generally considered ineffective against invasive annual grasses. However, in a recent study of pre-emergence herbicide applications, the growth regulator aminopyralid appreciably reduced medusahead cover, primarily by killing emerging medusahead plants. Additionally, in recent studies of postemergence herbicide applications, we found the growth regulators aminopyralid, dicamba, and picloram drastically reduced downy brome and Japanese brome seed production. In these postemergence studies, growth regulators sterilized the plants without otherwise greatly affecting them. The purpose of this greenhouse study was to extend our growth regulator/plant sterility research from downy brome and Japanese brome to medusahead and ventenata. Each tested aminopyralid rate and application growth stage (late seedling, internode elongation, heading) reduced medusahead seed production to nearly zero. Picloram also reduced medusahead seed production, but not quite as consistently as aminopyralid. With ventenata, aminopyralid applied at the seedling stage reduced seed production similar to 95-99%. Beyond the seedling stage, however, ventenata responses to aminopyralid were highly variable. Picloram had low activity against ventenata seed production. These results contribute to a growing body of evidence suggesting it may be possible to use growth regulators to control invasive annual grasses by depleting their short-lived seedbanks. C1 [Rinella, Matthew J.; Bellows, Susan E.] ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Roth, Aaron D.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, John Day, OR 97845 USA. RP Rinella, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM matt.rinella@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 31 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 67 IS 4 BP 406 EP 411 DI 10.2111/REM-D-13-00138.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL1UW UT WOS:000338912800008 ER PT J AU Bates, JD Davies, KW AF Bates, Jonathan D. Davies, Kirk W. TI Cattle Grazing and Vegetation Succession on Burned Sagebrush Steppe SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bunchgrass; fire; stocking rate; utilization; Wyoming big sagebrush ID WYOMING BIG SAGEBRUSH; TUSSOCK PERENNIAL GRASSES; SAGE-GROUSE HABITAT; BROMUS-TECTORUM L; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; GREAT-BASIN; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; NORTH-AMERICA; DEATH MODEL AB There is limited information about the effects of cattle grazing to longer-term plant community composition and herbage production following fire in sagebrush steppe. This study evaluated vegetation response to cattle grazing over 7 yr (2007-2013) on burned Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis [Beetle & Young] Welsh) steppe in eastern Oregon. Treatments, replicated four times and applied in a randomized complete block design, included no grazing on burned (nonuse) and unburned (control) sagebrush steppe; and cattle grazing at low (low), moderate (moderate), and high (high) stocking on burned sagebrush steppe. Vegetation dynamics were evaluated by quantifying herbaceous (canopy and basal cover, density, production, reproductive shoot weight) and shrub (canopy cover, density) response variables. Aside from basal cover, herbaceous canopy cover, production, and reproduction were not different among low, moderate, and nonuse treatments. Perennial bunchgrass basal cover was about 25% lower in the low and moderate treatments than the nonuse. Production, reproductive stem weight, and perennial grass basal cover were greater in the low, moderate, and nonuse treatments than the control. The high treatment had lower perennial bunchgrass cover (canopy and basal) and production than other grazed and nonuse treatments. Bunchgrass density remained unchanged in the high treatment, not differing from other treatments, and reproductive effort was comparable to the other treatments, indicating these areas are potentially recoverable by reducing stocking. Cover and production of Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) did not differ among the grazed and nonuse treatments, though all were greater than the control. Cover and density of A.t. spp. wyomingensis did not differ among the burned grazed and nonuse treatments and were less than the control. We concluded that light to moderate stocking rates are compatible to sustainable grazing of burned sagebrush steppe rangelands. C1 [Bates, Jonathan D.; Davies, Kirk W.] USDA ARS, EOARC, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Bates, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, EOARC, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM Jon.bates@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station FX The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA, Oregon State University, or the authors and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products. NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 59 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 67 IS 4 BP 412 EP 422 DI 10.2111/REM-D-14-00011.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AL1UW UT WOS:000338912800009 ER PT J AU Chu, X Wang, W Zhang, LD Guo, LH Feldner, P Heitschmidt, G AF Chu Xuan Wang Wei Zhang Lu-da Guo Lang-hua Feldner, Peggy Heitschmidt, Gerald TI Hyperspectral Optimum Wavelengths and Fisher Discrimination Analysis to Distinguish Different Concentrations of Aflatoxin on Corn Kernel Surface SO SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS LA Chinese DT Article DE Optimum wavelengths; Fisher discrimination analysis; Corn kernels; Aflatoxin; Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE; GRAIN; B-1 AB Aflatoxin is a toxic metabolite widely existing in corn. In the present paper, the feasibility of detecting aflatoxin on corn kernel surface by hyperspectral imaging technology was verified. The corn called pioneer with the same shape is provided by Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit. With methanol configuration, four different concentrations of aflatoxin solutions were prepared and dripped on every 30 corn kernels. Also other clean 30 kernels without aflatoxin dripped were prepared to be the control samples. Among the 150 kernel samples, 103 training samples and 47 validation samples were prepared randomly. Firstly, hyperspectral image in the range of 400 to 1 000 nm was collected. For eliminating the deviations in original spectrum, standard normal variate transformation (SNV) was adopted as pretreatment method. And then several optimum wavelengths were selected by the principle of minimum misdiagnosis rate. After that the selected optimum wavelengths were taken as the input of the Fisher discrimination analysis to discriminate the different concentrations of aflatoxin on the corn. Finally, the discrimination model based on four optimum wavelengths (812. 42, 873. 00, 900. 36 and 965. 00 nm) was built and the accuracy of the model was tested. Results indicate that the classification accuracy of calibration and validation set was 87. 4% and 80. 9% respectively. This method provides basis for designing the corresponding portable instrument and distinguishing aflatoxin produced by naturally metabolism in corn. C1 [Chu Xuan; Wang Wei; Guo Lang-hua] China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Zhang Lu-da] China Agr Univ, Coll Sci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Feldner, Peggy; Heitschmidt, Gerald] ARS, USDA, Qual & Safety Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Wang, W (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 16 PU OFFICE SPECTROSCOPY & SPECTRAL ANALYSIS PI BEIJING PA NO 76 COLLAGE SOUTH RD BEIJING, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-0593 J9 SPECTROSC SPECT ANAL JI Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1811 EP 1815 DI 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2014)07-1811-05 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA AL0OQ UT WOS:000338826600017 ER PT J AU Liu, SY Rudd, JC Bai, GH Haley, SD Ibrahim, AMH Xue, QW Hays, DB Graybosch, RA Devkota, RN St Amand, P AF Liu, Shuyu Rudd, Jackie C. Bai, Guihua Haley, Scott D. Ibrahim, Amir M. H. Xue, Qingwu Hays, Dirk B. Graybosch, Robert A. Devkota, Ravindra N. St Amand, Paul TI Molecular Markers Linked to Important Genes in Hard Winter Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID STREAK-MOSAIC-VIRUS; RUST RESISTANCE GENES; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNIT; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MULTIPLE FUNGAL PATHOGENS; CURL MITE RESISTANCE; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; SECALE-CEREALE L.; COMMON WHEAT AB Biotic stresses including diseases (leaf, stem and stripe rusts), arthropods (greenbug [GB], Hessian fly [Hf], Russian wheat aphid [RWA], and wheat curl mite [WCM]) and their transmitted viral diseases significantly affect grain yield and end-use quality of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the U. S. Great Plains. Many genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for seedling or adult-plant resistance to these stresses. Molecular markers for these genes or QTL have been identified using mapping or cloning. This study summarizes the markers associated with various effective genes, including genes or QTL conferring resistances to arthropods, such as GB (7), RWA (4), Hf (9), and WCM (4) and diseases including leaf, stem and stripe rusts (26) and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV; 2); genes or QTL for end-use quality traits such as high (3) and low (13) molecular weight glutenin subunits, gliadin (3), polyphenol oxidase (2), granule-bound starch synthase (3), puroindoline (2), and preharvesting sprouting (1); genes on wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomal translocations of 1AL. 1RS and 1BL. 1RS; and genes controlling plant height (12), photoperiod sensitivity (1), and vernalization (2). A subset of the markers was validated using a set of diverse wheat lines developed by breeding programs in the Great Plains. These analyses showed that most markers are diagnostic in only limited genetic backgrounds. However, some markers developed from the gene sequences or alien fragments are highly diagnostic across various backgrounds, such as those markers linked to Rht-B1, Rht-D1, Ppd-D1, Glu-D1, Glu-A1, and 1AL. 1RS. Knowledge of both genotype and phenotype of advanced breeding lines could help breeders to select the optimal parents to integrate various genes into new cultivars and increase the efficiency of wheat breeding. C1 [Liu, Shuyu; Rudd, Jackie C.; Xue, Qingwu; Devkota, Ravindra N.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Bai, Guihua; St Amand, Paul] ARS, USDA, Cent Small Grain Genotyping Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, Guihua; St Amand, Paul] ARS, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Haley, Scott D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ibrahim, Amir M. H.; Hays, Dirk B.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Graybosch, Robert A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Liu, SY (reprint author), Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM SLiu@ag.tamu.edu NR 183 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 67 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1304 EP 1321 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.08.0564 PG 18 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100002 ER PT J AU Sebolai, B Vogel, KP AF Sebolai, Boingotlo Vogel, Kenneth P. TI Evaluation of Three Breeding Cycles for Seedling Weight of Switchgrass, Big Bluestem, and Indiangrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TILLER NUMBER; SAND BLUESTEM; GREAT-PLAINS; ESTABLISHMENT; HERBICIDES; SELECTION; GROWTH; VIGOR; SIZE AB A modified form of restricted, recurrent phenotypic selection was used to select for seedling shoot weight in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), and indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] populations for three generations. Seedlings were grown in micropots in trays in a greenhouse and were individually clipped and weighed 4 wk after emergence. The seedlings were allowed to regrow, and the heaviest seedlings were transplanted to field nurseries for polycrossing to produce Syn 1 seed. Three breeding cycles were conducted for each grass. After the third breeding cycle, Syn 2 generation seed was produced for each cycle, including cycle 0 for 2 yr, and was used in subsequent greenhouse and field evaluations to determine if the breeding procedure improved seedling vigor as measured by seedling shoot weight. In two greenhouse evaluation trials, the increase in seedling weight per cycle was 7.8, 5.6, and 10.2% for big bluestem, switchgrass, and indiangrass, respectively. In two field trials, seedling weight also increased with successive cycles of selection except for indiangrass in one trial. Establishment success as measured by stand counts did not differ among the cycles of selection for the three grasses in the field trials. Based on these results and the results of subsequent breeding and field evaluation work on seedling tiller number, it is apparent that seedling traits of these grasses can be modified by breeding. To improve establishment of these grasses, research on developing agronomic seed production practices that result in improved seed quality would also be beneficial. C1 [Sebolai, Boingotlo] Botswana Coll Agr, Gaborone, Botswana. [Vogel, Kenneth P.] Univ Nebraska, ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM VogelKP61@neb.rr.com NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1354 EP 1360 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.09.0643 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100007 ER PT J AU Basnet, BR Ibrahim, AMH Chen, XM Singh, RP Mason, ER Bowden, RL Liu, SY Hays, DB Devkota, RN Subramanian, NK Rudd, JC AF Basnet, Bhoja R. Ibrahim, Amir M. H. Chen, Xianming Singh, Ravi P. Mason, Esten R. Bowden, Robert L. Liu, Shuyu Hays, Dirk B. Devkota, Ravindra N. Subramanian, Nithya K. Rudd, Jackie C. TI Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance in Hard Red Winter Wheat TAM 111 Adapted to the U.S. High Plains SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; UNITED-STATES; YELLOW RUST; BREAD WHEAT; ADULT-PLANT; DURABLE RESISTANCE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS AB Stripe rust, also known as yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst), is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the United States and other parts of the world. To investigate the genetic basis of resistance conferred by the winter wheat cultivar 'TAM 111', a mapping population of 124 F-5 and F-6 derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from the cross of 'TAM 112'/TAM 111 was evaluated against Pst populations in eight environments in the United States and against predominant race PST-100 in the greenhouse. The RIL population was further genotyped with Diversity Arrays Technology, simple sequence repeats and sequence tagged sites markers. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), QYr.tam-2BL, was identified on the long arm of chromosome 2B, which is found to be associated with resistance to stripe rust in TAM 111. QYr.tam-2BL was identified in five out of the eight environments (Arkansas 2012, Arizona 2010, Castroville, TX, 2010, Mt. Vernon, WA, 2010 and Pullman, WA, 2011) as well as in the greenhouse, and explained 13 to 63% of the total phenotypic variation in severity across the environments. The QTL was also detected in seedling and adult plant stages with race PST-100 under controlled greenhouse conditions. Based on the available evidence, QYr.tam-2BL probably represents a previously uncharacterized gene on 2BL. Minor QTL on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 6B, and 7D were also detected inconsistently across environments. Because the effectiveness of QYr. tam-2BL was observed to be environmentally dependent and probably race-specific, it is suggested to combine this locus with effective major genes or adult plant resistance genes to increase its usefulness. C1 [Basnet, Bhoja R.; Singh, Ravi P.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Basnet, Bhoja R.; Ibrahim, Amir M. H.; Hays, Dirk B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mason, Esten R.; Subramanian, Nithya K.] Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Bowden, Robert L.] KSU, ARS, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Liu, Shuyu; Devkota, Ravindra N.; Rudd, Jackie C.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Basnet, BR (reprint author), Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. EM b.r.basnet@cgiar.org FU Monsanto's Beachell-Borlaug International Scholars Program (MBBISP) FX The authors would like to thank Monsanto's Beachell-Borlaug International Scholars Program (MBBISP) for funding this research. Similarly, we are very grateful to Dr. Eugene Milus, Mr. Bryan Simoneaux, Mr. Russell Sutton, and Mr. Bharath Reddy for their notable support during field experiments. This work was a part of the Ph.D. dissertation of the first author completed at the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 28 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1361 EP 1373 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.09.0625 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100008 ER PT J AU Rabbi, I Hamblin, M Gedil, M Kulakow, P Ferguson, M Ikpan, AS Ly, D Jannink, JL AF Rabbi, Ismail Hamblin, Martha Gedil, Melaku Kulakow, Peter Ferguson, Morag Ikpan, Andrew S. Ly, Delphine Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Genetic Mapping Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing in the Clonally Propagated Cassava SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MANIHOT-ESCULENTA CRANTZ; X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; MOSAIC DISEASE; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT; AFRICA; SNP; RESISTANCE; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) is one of the most important food crops in the tropics, but yields are far below their potential. The gene pool of cassava contains natural genetic diversity relevant to many important breeding goals, but breeding progress has been slow, partly because of insufficient genomic resources. As a first step toward implementing genomewide genetic studies that will facilitate rapid genetic gain through breeding, we genotyped-by-sequencing a set of 182 full-sibs population of cassava that segregated in several traits: resistance to the cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and yield under CMD pressure; increased carotenoid content in storage roots; color of stem exterior and anthocyanin pigmentation in the petioles, inner root skin, and apical leaves. Employing a rare-cutting restriction enzyme, PstI, in a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) library preparation, we obtained 2478 segregating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 1257 passed standard filtering for missing genotypes and deviation from expected genotypic frequencies. We mapped 772 SNPs across 19 linkage groups and anchored 313 unique scaffolds from the version 4.1 of the cassava genome assembly. Most of the studied morphological traits as well as resistance to CMD and root carotenoid content showed qualitative inheritance. As expected, quantitative trait loci analysis for these traits revealed single loci surrounded by small confidence intervals. Yield under CMD was associated with the CMD resistance locus. We show that GBS is a powerful genotyping tool that provides a sufficient number of markers for unraveling the genetic architecture of Mendelian traits in cassava in addition to the development of a robust genetic map that can help anchor unassembled genomic scaffolds. C1 [Rabbi, Ismail; Gedil, Melaku; Kulakow, Peter] Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Ferguson, Morag] IITA, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ly, Delphine] Montpellier Supagro, Montpellier, France. [Hamblin, Martha; Jannink, Jean-Luc] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY USA. [Jannink, Jean-Luc] ARS, USDA, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Rabbi, I (reprint author), Int Inst Trop Agr, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM I.Rabbi@cgiar.org FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Department for International Development of the United Kingdom; USAID; World Bank through the "HarvestPlus initiative" FX This work was supported by the project "Next Generation Cassava Breeding Project" through funds from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Department for International Development of the United Kingdom. Additional financial support provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, USAID and World Bank through the "HarvestPlus initiative" is also acknowledged. We thanks Charlotte Acharya for preparation of GBS libraries and Jeff Glaubitz, Rob Elshire and Qi Sun for help with the GBS bioinformatics pipeline. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 36 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1384 EP 1396 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.07.0482 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100010 ER PT J AU Worthington, M Lyerly, J Petersen, S Brown-Guedira, G Marshall, D Cowger, C Parks, R Murphy, JP AF Worthington, Margaret Lyerly, Jeanette Petersen, Stine Brown-Guedira, Gina Marshall, David Cowger, Christina Parks, Ryan Murphy, J. P. TI MlUM15: an Aegilops neglecta-derived Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Common Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; F-SP TRITICI; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; RED WINTER-WHEAT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; LEAF RUST; EM THELL.; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; NORTH-CAROLINA AB Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a major fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Host plant resistance is a reliable, economical, and environmentally benign form of disease prevention. The identification of molecular markers linked with resistance genes can facilitate marker-assisted selection and enable breeders to pyramid several major genes for powdery mildew resistance in a single cultivar. The wheat germplasm line NC09BGTUM15 (NC-UM15) possesses the first powdery mildew resistance gene introgressed from Aegilops neglecta Req. ex Bertol. Greenhouse and field evaluations of F-2:3 families derived from a cross between NC-UM15 and the susceptible cultivar 'Saluda' indicated that a single dominant gene, temporarily designated MlUM15, conferred resistance to powdery mildew. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) showed that several simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequence tag site (STS), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers specific to chromosome 7AL segregated with the resistance gene. The most likely marker order was Xwmc525/ IWA8057-0.7 cM-Xcfa2257-0.4 cM-MlUM15 -0.8 cM-Xcfa2240-2.8 cM-Xmag2185-3.4cM-IWA2929-5.4 cM-IWA4434. The multiallelic Pm1 locus and several temporarily-designated genes map to this region of chromosome 7AL. Detached-leaf tests revealed that NC-UM15 had a different disease response pattern from genotypes carrying Pm37, five temporarily-designed genes in the region, and all alleles of the Pm1 complex except Pm1b. The MlUM15-resistance gene is most likely a novel source of powdery mildew resistance. However, allelism tests with Pm1 and further detached-leaf tests will be required to elucidate the relationship between MlUM15 and other Pm loci in the distal region of 7AL. C1 [Worthington, Margaret; Lyerly, Jeanette; Petersen, Stine; Murphy, J. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Brown-Guedira, Gina; Marshall, David; Cowger, Christina; Parks, Ryan] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Worthington, M (reprint author), Ctr Int Agr Trop, Apartado Aereo 6713, Cali, Colombia. EM M.Worthington@cgiar.org OI Worthington, Margaret/0000-0001-8019-165X FU North Carolina Small Grain Growers Association FX This research was supported by the North Carolina Small Grain Growers Association. Thanks to Dr. Bikram S. Gill and Jon Raupp at the Kansas State University Wheat Genetics Resource Center for their assistance in obtaining seed for detached-leaf testing and Chinese Spring aneuploid and deletion stocks. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1397 EP 1406 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.09.0634 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100011 ER PT J AU Walker, DR Harris, DK King, ZR Li, ZL Phillips, DV Buck, JW Nelson, RL Boerma, HR AF Walker, David R. Harris, Donna K. King, Zachary R. Li, Zenglu Phillips, Daniel V. Buck, James W. Nelson, Randall L. Boerma, H. Roger TI Soybean Germplasm Accession Seedling Reactions to Soybean Rust Isolates from Georgia SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE GENES; 1ST REPORT; REGISTRATION; FIELD; RPP1; IDENTIFICATION; CONFIRMATION; INHERITANCE AB Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. and P. Syd., is a threat to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], production in regions of the world where winters are not cold enough to completely eliminate the many hosts of the fungus, so resistant soybean cultivars would be useful in managing this disease. Resistant germplasm accessions have been identified, and resistance (Rpp) genes have been mapped to six independent loci, but the high degree of virulence variability among P. pachyrhizi populations and isolates means that the level of resistance to different populations and isolates can vary considerably. Greenhouse assays were conducted from 2008 until 2013 in which seedlings of soybean plant introductions were challenged with bulk P. pachyrhizi isolates collected in the state of Georgia. Accessions were included in the tests either because they carried known Rpp genes or because they had appeared resistant to SBR in previous field assays. The resistance was assessed on the basis of infection type, visible urediniospore development, and sometimes lesion density. With a few exceptions, most of the accessions that appeared resistant as adult plants in the field also had resistance reactions as seedlings, and these reactions were generally similar or identical in the different years that the greenhouse assays were conducted. This study demonstrates that greenhouse seedling reactions should usually be reliable indicators of adult plant resistance to related P. pachyrhizi isolates or populations, and confirms the resistance of more than 100 soybean germplasm accessions to fungal isolates and field populations from Georgia. C1 [Walker, David R.; Nelson, Randall L.] ARS, USDA, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Walker, David R.; Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Harris, Donna K.; King, Zachary R.; Li, Zenglu; Boerma, H. Roger] Univ Georgia, Inst Plant Breeding Genet & Genom, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Harris, Donna K.; King, Zachary R.; Li, Zenglu; Boerma, H. Roger] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Phillips, Daniel V.; Buck, James W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Walker, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM walkerdr@illinois.edu FU USDA-ARS; United Soybean Board FX This research was funded by the USDA-ARS and through support from the United Soybean Board for a project entitled "Identification and utilization of resistance to soybean rust." The authors would particularly like to thank Richard Miller, David Spradlin, Dale Wood, and Gina Rowan for assistance with the greenhouse assays. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1433 EP 1447 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.09.0654 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100014 ER PT J AU del Blanco, IA Hegarty, J Gallagher, LW Falk, BW Brown-Guedira, G Pellerin, E Dubcovsky, J AF del Blanco, Isabel A. Hegarty, Joshua Gallagher, L. W. Falk, B. W. Brown-Guedira, G. Pellerin, E. Dubcovsky, J. TI Mapping of QTL for Tolerance to Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus in Two-rowed Spring Barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE; RESISTANCE; WHEAT; LINES; GENE; BYDV; PAV AB Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV-RPV) causes a serious viral disease affecting small grain crops around the world. In the United States, it frequently is present in California where it causes significant yield losses, and when infections start early in development, plant death. CYDV is transmitted by aphids, and it has been a major impediment to developing malting barley in California. To identify chromosome locations associated with tolerance/resistance to CYDV, a segregating population of 184 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a cross of the California-adapted malting barley line Butta 12 with the CYDV-tolerant Madre Selva was used to construct a genetic map including 180 polymorphic markers mapping to 170 unique loci. Tolerance to CYDV was evaluated in replicated experiments where plants were challenged by aphid mediated inoculation with the isolate CYDV-RPV in a controlled environment. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis revealed the presence of two major QTL for CYDV tolerance from Madre Selva on chromosomes 2H (Qcyd. MaBu-1) and 7H (Qcyd. MaBu-2), and 4 minor QTL from Butta 12 on chromosomes 3H, 4H, and 2H. This paper discusses the contribution of each QTL and its potential value to improve barley tolerance to CYDV. C1 [del Blanco, Isabel A.; Hegarty, Joshua; Gallagher, L. W.; Dubcovsky, J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Falk, B. W.; Pellerin, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brown-Guedira, G.] NCSU, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dubcovsky, J.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 23 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1468 EP 1475 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.11.0781 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100017 PM 27212713 ER PT J AU Dahleen, LS Mornhinweg, D Bregitzer, P Vitou, J Cakir, M AF Dahleen, Lynn S. Mornhinweg, Dolores Bregitzer, Phil Vitou, Janine Cakir, Mehmet TI Biotype Differences for Resistance to Russian Wheat Aphid in Barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM LINES RESISTANT; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; SPRING BARLEY; MIXED-MODEL; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE; HOMOPTERA; HEMIPTERA; MARKERS AB Russian wheat aphid [RWA; Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)] is a worldwide insect pest of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), causing crop losses each year. Previously identified resistant barley lines do not show variable reactions to the eight United States RWA biotypes identified by wheat reactions. However, additional RWA isolates have been identified outside the United States. The objective of this research was to determine whether additional RWA biotypes that impact resistance in barley exist and whether resistance to these biotypes is present in the resistant barley germplasm and cultivars that have been developed by the USDA-ARS. A total of 166 barley lines were rated for chlorosis and leaf rolling in response to infestation with RWA United States' biotype 1 and to individual isolates from Hungary, Chile, Mexico, and Iran. Each barley line was genotyped for 5912 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, and the combined data were used for association mapping of loci associated with resistance to each RWA isolate. A total of 40 loci were associated with resistance to the five RWA isolates. Biotype differences were evident, with only 23 lines showing resistance to all five biotypes. Loci with large effects on mean chlorosis and rolling differences were found for resistance to biotypes from the United States, Hungary, and Chile, while the loci for resistance to biotypes from Mexico and Iran had small effects on these traits, which may pose problems for developing resistant germplasm. The 23 lines resistant to all biotypes included 10 unadapted germplasm accessions and 13 improved germplasm lines and provide useful germplasm for developing new barley cultivars with resistance to multiple RWA biotypes. C1 [Dahleen, Lynn S.] ARS, USDA, NCSL, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Mornhinweg, Dolores] ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Bregitzer, Phil] ARS, USDA, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Vitou, Janine] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, European Lab, F-34980 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Cakir, Mehmet] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCSL, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM lynn.dahleen@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-21000-036, 5366-21000-28, 6217-21000-008] FX This research was funded by USDA-ARS CRIS projects 5442-21000-036, 5366-21000-28, and 6217-21000-008. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely to provide specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity employer. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1505 EP 1513 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.09.0616 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100021 ER PT J AU Skinner, DZ AF Skinner, D. Z. TI Time and Temperature Interactions in Freezing Tolerance of Winter Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPER-LOW TEMPERATURES; PLANT TISSUE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; COLD-ACCLIMATION; FROST HARDINESS; WOODY PLANTS; DEGREES-C; SURVIVAL; PROTEIN; DOMAIN AB To survive the temperature fluctuations that occur during the winter months, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants must tolerate episodes of freezing of varying intensity and duration. In this study, the ability of six wheat cultivars to survive exposure to -13.5 to -16.5 degrees C for 2, 3, or 4 h was measured. Tolerance was described as the percentages of plants surviving after time intervals at -10 degrees C or less. The average survival of the six cultivars significantly decreased by about 50% as length of exposure to -10 degrees C or less was increased from 325 to 525 min. Surprisingly, survival then increased with longer exposure times such that the percentages of plants surviving were similar after 675, and after 325 min at -10 degrees C or less. The greater survival after longer exposure times to -10 degrees C or less compared with shorter exposure times suggested that certain freezing tolerance mechanism(s) in wheat are activated only after sufficient exposure to subfreezing temperatures for a sufficient amount of time. Lesser exposure to either temperature or time apparently does not activate this mechanism, leading to greater plant death. Further characterization of this mechanism and its genetic control may lead to development of wheat lines with enhanced ability to survive harsh freezing conditions and thus improved winterhardiness. C1 [Skinner, D. Z.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Skinner, D. Z.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dan.skinner@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5348-21000-003-00D] FX The author greatly appreciates excellent technical assistance from Brian Bellinger. This project was supported by USDA-ARS project 5348-21000-003-00D. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of product names does not represent an endorsement of any product or company but is given only to clarify the methodology; other products may be equally effective. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1523 EP 1529 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.09.0623 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100023 ER PT J AU Viteri, DM Cregan, PB Trapp, JJ Miklas, PN Singh, SP AF Viteri, Diego M. Cregan, Perry B. Trapp, Jennifer J. Miklas, Phillip. N. Singh, Shree P. TI A New Common Bacterial Blight Resistance QTL in VAX 1 Common Bean and Interaction of the New QTL, SAP6, and SU91 with Bacterial Strains SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; AXONOPODIS PV.-PHASEOLI; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; COCCINEUS LAM; TEPARY BEANS; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM AB Common bacterial blight (CBB) is a severe disease in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). New resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) should facilitate development of cultivars with high levels of resistance. Our objectives were to (i) identify new resistance QTL in VAX 1 and verify its presence in VAX 3, (ii) determine the interaction between QTL with existing SAP6 and SU91 QTL, and (iii) examine the interaction between QTL with less aggressive ARX8AC and aggressive Xcp25 bacterial strains. Sixty-one F 6: 7 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from 'Othello'/VAX 1 and 100 RIL from Othello/VAX 3 were screened in the greenhouse. Disease severity of inoculated primary leaves, first and second trifoliolate leaves, and pods, was scored from 1 = no symptoms to 9 = completely diseased. Genotyping was performed using 5398 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) BeadChip and CBB resistance QTL-linked sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, SAP6 and SU91. A novel resistance QTL with major effect was detected on Pv11 linkage group in Othello/VAX 1 and verified in Othello/VAX 3. This Pv11 QTL, defined by the closest marker SNP47467 (45,059,806 bp), explained 23% of the phenotypic variance for resistance in primary and 18% in trifoliolate leaves in Othello/VAX 1, and 13% and 22%, respectively, in Othello/VAX 3 to ARX8AC. The Pv11 QTL, named Xa11.4(OV1,OV3), had greater influence against Xcp25, with respective values for variance for resistance explained in primary and trifoliolate leaves of 45% and 51% in Othello/VAX 1 and 26% and 37% in Othello/VAX 3. Conversely, SAP6 was only effective against ARX8AC in both populations, and surprisingly, SU91 was only effective against Xcp25 in Othello/VAX 3. SAP6 was the only QTL to condition resistance in pods. QTL interactions and differential reactions to strains indicate that the new Xa11.4(OV1,OV3) QTL is critical in breeding for stable and higher levels of foliage resistance to CBB in common bean. C1 [Viteri, Diego M.; Singh, Shree P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Cregan, Perry B.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Trapp, Jennifer J.; Miklas, Phillip. N.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM Phil.Miklas@ars.usda.gov FU BeanCAP-USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-01929]; ARS Feed-the-Future 'Legume Productivity' project FX We thank Dr. Henry Teran for making the Othello/VAX 1 and Othello/VAX 3 crosses and advancing early generations through the single-seed-descent method in the greenhouse at the University of Idaho, Kimberly Research and Extension Center. This work was supported, in part, by grants from the BeanCAP-USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture- project number 2009-01929 and the ARS Feed-the-Future 'Legume Productivity' project. We also appreciate the complementary support from the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1598 EP 1608 DI 10.2135/cropsci2014.01.0008 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100029 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Sarath, G Mitchell, RB AF Vogel, K. P. Sarath, G. Mitchell, R. B. TI Micromesh Fabric Pollination Bags for Switchgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HETEROSIS AB Pollination bags for making controlled crosses between switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) plants were made from a polyester micromesh fabric with a mesh size of 41 m, which is smaller than the mean reported 43 m diameter of switchgrass pollen. When used in paired-plant crosses between switchgrass plants, the mean amount of seed produced per plant was about 1 g, or approximately 800 seeds, which was significantly greater than the 10 to 250 seeds produced previously in paired-plant crosses of switchgrass using paper pollination bags. The four-to tenfold increase in seed produced per cross enables the progeny of the crosses to be evaluated in larger numbers in genetic studies and in replicated space-transplanted or seeded sward evaluation trials. The micromesh pollination bags cost about $15 each because of fabric costs but could be reused for 10 or more pollination seasons at an annual cost per cross of about $1.50 or less. C1 [Vogel, K. P.; Sarath, G.; Mitchell, R. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA ARS, 137 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM VogelKP61@neb.rr.com FU USDA-ARS; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-68005-30411] FX The research was funded by USDA-ARS project funds and funding from the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2011-68005-30411 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely to provide specific information and does not imply recommendations or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity employer. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1621 EP 1623 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.09.0647 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100031 ER PT J AU Walker, DR Harris, DK King, ZR Li, ZL Boerma, HR Buckley, JB Weaver, DB Sikora, EJ Shipe, ER Mueller, JD Buck, JW Schneider, RW Marois, JJ Wright, DL Nelson, RL AF Walker, David R. Harris, Donna K. King, Zachary R. Li, Zenglu Boerma, H. Roger Buckley, J. Blair Weaver, David B. Sikora, Edward J. Shipe, Emerson R. Mueller, John D. Buck, James W. Schneider, Raymond W. Marois, James J. Wright, David L. Nelson, Randall L. TI Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm Accessions for Resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi Populations in the Southeastern United States, 2009-2012 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RUST RESISTANCE; CONFERS RESISTANCE; 1ST REPORT; VIRULENCE; GENES; LOCUS; YIELD; RPP1; CONFIRMATION; TEMPERATURE AB Between 2009 and 2012, 118 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accessions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection were screened for resistance to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) at up to five locations in the southeastern United States. In 2009, plant introductions (PIs) from maturity groups III through IX were evaluated for relative disease severity and intensity of sporulation from uredinia compared with 12 susceptible cultivars from the same range of maturity groups. Resistance evaluations were based primarily on disease severity and intensity of sporulation from rust pustules. To assess resistance at several nurseries, a rust index score was calculated from the severity and sporulation ratings. Many of the PIs were moderately to highly resistant at the 2009 locations between Alabama and South Carolina, but the P. pachyrhizi population in Bossier City, LA, was virulent on most of those accessions. The 2011 rating data from Quincy, FL, indicated an increase in the virulence of the pathogen there since 2009, and this trend was observed again in 2012. In contrast, many of the same PIs developed substantially less soybean rust in Attapulgus, GA, in 2012. Despite the comparatively greater disease that many accessions had in Louisiana in 2009 and in Quincy in 2011 and 2012, at least 78 PIs were resistant in Georgia in 2012, and 20 of those were at least moderately resistant in both Florida and Georgia that year. No accessions were immune to rust at all of the nurseries, but PI 200492 (Rpp1), PI 547875 (a backcross line with Rpp1), and PI 567102B (Rpp6) were the most resistant of the accessions with named resistance genes and were among the most resistant accessions overall. Among the most resistant accessions with unknown resistance genes, PI 416826A, PI 417125, PI 567034, and PI 567104B consistently had effective levels of resistance in different locations and years. Information about the most resistant PIs and their reactions to soybean rust infection across years and locations will be useful for the development of rust-resistant soybean cultivars in the United States. C1 [Walker, David R.; Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Walker, David R.; Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Harris, Donna K.; King, Zachary R.; Li, Zenglu; Boerma, H. Roger] Univ Georgia, Inst Plant Breeding Genet & Genom, Athens, GA 30606 USA. [Harris, Donna K.; King, Zachary R.; Li, Zenglu; Boerma, H. Roger] Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30606 USA. [Buckley, J. Blair] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Red River Res Stn, Bossier City, LA 71112 USA. [Weaver, David B.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sikora, Edward J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Shipe, Emerson R.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Mueller, John D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. [Buck, James W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Schneider, Raymond W.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Marois, James J.; Wright, David L.] Univ Florida, North Florida Res & Ed Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Walker, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM david.walker@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS through United Soybean Board; USDA-ARS FX This research was funded by the USDA-ARS and through a United Soybean Board Project titled "Identification and Utilization of Resistance to Soybean Rust." The authors would particularly like to thank the following individuals: Todd Bedford (USDA-ARS) for assembling seed samples from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection; Maynard Douglas, Debbie Greene, Kelly O'Brien, and Prathiba Srivastava (Univ. of Florida) for assistance with the nurseries at the North Florida Research and Education Center in Quincy; Dale Wood, Billy Mills, Dan Phillips, David Spradlin, Richard Miller, Gina Rowan, and Earl Baxter (Univ. of Georgia) for assistance with the nurseries planted in Attapulgus, GA; and Malcomb Pegues (Auburn Univ.) for planting and managing the plots in Fairhope, AL. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1673 EP 1689 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.08.0513 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100037 ER PT J AU Skinner, DZ Bellinger, BS Hansen, JC Kennedy, AC AF Skinner, D. Z. Bellinger, B. S. Hansen, J. C. Kennedy, A. C. TI Carbohydrate and Lipid Dynamics in Wheat Crown Tissue in Response to Mild Freeze-Thaw Treatments SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; COLD-ACCLIMATION; WINTER-WHEAT; TOLERANCE; TEMPERATURE; STRESS; HARDINESS; EXPOSURE; SUGARS; PLANTS AB Freezing tolerance resulting from cold hardening is critical to survival of fall-seeded winter wheat. Exposure of winter wheat plants to cycles of freeze-thaw at temperatures just below, and just above freezing results in incremental improvements of freezing tolerance. Changes in the concentrations of carbohydrates in the cellular fluids of wheat crowns, and of lipids extracted from wheat crown tissue, were quantified following exposure to 24 h freeze(s) at -3 degrees C, with or without a following thaw of 24 h at 3 degrees C. Concentrations of simple sugars, and sucrose and related carbohydrates, increased in the first 24 h of exposure to -3 degrees C, and continued to increase whether the plants were then exposed to a further 24 h at -3 degrees C or were exposed to 3 degrees C for 24 h. The concentration of fructans decreased during the first 24 h of exposure to -3 degrees C, and continued to decrease if the plants were exposed to 3 degrees C for 24 h, but increased if the plants were exposed to a continuous -3 degrees C for 48 h. The frequencies of occurrences of numerous lipid species changed with each 24 h temperature treatment, some consistent with the behavior of lipid signaling molecules. Carbohydrates and lipids in wheat crowns are actively restructured at subzero temperatures as the plants acquire greater freezing tolerance. Identifying plant lines especially able to effect this restructuring may enable the development of plant lines with improved freezing tolerance. C1 [Skinner, D. Z.; Bellinger, B. S.; Hansen, J. C.; Kennedy, A. C.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Skinner, D. Z.; Bellinger, B. S.; Hansen, J. C.; Kennedy, A. C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dan.skinner@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5348-21430-003-00D, 5348-11000-006-00D] FX This project was supported by USDA-ARS projects 5348-21430-003-00D and 5348-11000-006-00D. Mention of product names does not represent an endorsement of any product or company but is given only to clarify the methodology; other products may be equally effective. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1721 EP 1728 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.09.0604 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100041 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, James A. TI CO2 Enrichment at Night Affects the Growth and Yield of Common Beans SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FIELD CONDITIONS; TRANSPIRATION EFFICIENCY; CHALK GRASSLAND; RESPONSES; CULTIVAR; WHEAT; RICE; FACE AB Many experiments to determine the crop yield increase expected with rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration added carbon dioxide only during the daytime, without tests of whether elevation of carbon dioxide at night affected plant growth. In this experiment, two cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown in the field for 4 yr in open-top chambers in which CO2 was added during the day or the night, both day and night, or not at all. CO2 was added to increase the concentration by 180 mu mol mol(-1) above that of the ambient outside air, which averaged 392 mu mol mol(-1) during the daytime and 503 mu mol mol(-1) at night. In the two cultivars, the average increase in seed yield above the ambient CO2 treatment was 42% with daytime CO2 enrichment and 77% with continuous enrichment. In both cultivars, continuous CO2 enrichment increased the area of individual leaflets by about 40% compared with daytime enrichment. Leaflet size was the same with daytime CO2 enrichment and with no enrichment. In one of the cultivars, nighttime CO2 elevation alone increased leaflet size and seed yield. The results indicated that CO2 enrichment at night had important consequences for the growth and yield of these bean cultivars, and that daytime-only CO2 enrichment greatly underestimated the yield increase likely to occur with rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM James.Bunce@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1744 EP 1747 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.12.0803 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100044 ER PT J AU Bellaloui, N Mengistu, A Walker, ER Young, LD AF Bellaloui, Nacer Mengistu, Alemu Walker, Eric R. Young, Lawrence D. TI Soybean Seed Composition as Affected by Seeding Rates and Row Spacing SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; AZOMETHINE-H METHOD; PLANT-POPULATION; PRODUCTION SYSTEM; PROTEIN; OIL; GROWTH; MATURITY; YIELD AB Research on the effects of seeding rates (SDR) and row spacing (RS) on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed composition is almost nonexistent. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of SDR and RS on soybean seed protein, oil, fatty acids, sugars, and minerals using four soybean cultivars (P 93M90 and AG 3906, maturity group[MG] III; P 94B73, MG IV; and V 52N3, MG V) tested in 2006 and 2007. Seeding rates for P 93M90 and AG 3906 ranged from 247,000 to 592,800 seeds ha(-1) and for P 94B73 and V 52N3 ranged from 60,000 to 180,000 seeds ha(-1). Row spacings were 38 and 76 cm. Protein, oleic acid, sugars, P, and B concentrations increased with the increase of SDR in P 93M90 and AG 3906. However, after the maximum concentrations of these constituents were reached, a decrease was observed at the highest SDR. This trend was mainly observed in 2006 and depended on RS. In 2007, the opposite trend of protein and oleic acid concentrations was observed, where the protein and oleic decreased with SDR. In cultivars P 94B73 and V 52N3, results showed that protein concentration increased with SDR in 2006 and 2007 for both 38 and 76 cm RS. Oleic acid increased and linolenic acid decreased with SDR in 2006. The different trends of protein and oleic concentrations between years may be due to temperature and drought stress differences. This research showed that SDR and RS can alter seed constituents, and the magnitude of this effect depended on cultivar and environmental factors, especially temperature and drought. C1 [Bellaloui, Nacer; Young, Lawrence D.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38701 USA. [Mengistu, Alemu] USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Walker, Eric R.] Univ Tennessee, Martin, TN 38238 USA. RP Bellaloui, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38701 USA. EM nacer.bellaloui@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1782 EP 1795 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.07.0463 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100048 ER PT J AU Castillo, M Sollenberger, L Blount, A Ferrell, J Na, CI Williams, M Mackowiak, C AF Castillo, Miguel Sollenberger, Lynn Blount, Ann Ferrell, Jason Na, Chae-In Williams, Mary Mackowiak, Cheryl TI Seedbed Preparation Techniques and Weed Control Strategies for Strip-Planting Rhizoma Peanut into Warm-Season Grass Pastures SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ESTABLISHMENT; LEGUME; EMERGENCE; DATE AB Planting rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.; RP) in strips into bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) pastures can reduce establishment cost relative to conventional techniques, but research is needed to determine the best seedbed preparation methods. The objectives were to quantify the effects of four seedbed preparation techniques: glyphosate + tillage, tillage only, glyphosate + no-till, and sod removal; and four postemergence weed control strategies: control (no herbicides, no mowing), mowing (every 28 d to 10-cm stubble height), imazapic (0.29 L ha(-1)), and imazapic + 2,4-D amine (0.29 and 0.58 L ha(-1), respectively). Sprout emergence ranged from 90 to 119 m(2) in treatments where tillage occurred compared with 54 to 58 m(-2) in no-till and sod removal. Nevertheless, by season end RP canopy cover and frequency of occurrence favored no-till (21% cover and 70% frequency) compared with the other treatments (<= 14% cover and 53% frequency). Weed control strategy after planting had a greater effect on establishment success than seedbed preparation. By season end, RP cover and frequency were greater for imazapic (25 and 64%, respectively) and imazapic + 2,4-D (23 and 64%, respectively) than for the control (10 and 42%, respectively) and mowing treatments (7 and 36%, respectively). Glyphosate followed by no-till planting and postemergence use of imazapic with or without 2,4-D is a viable option for reduced-cost establishment of RP in strips into bahiagrass pastures. C1 [Castillo, Miguel; Sollenberger, Lynn] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Blount, Ann; Mackowiak, Cheryl] North Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. [Na, Chae-In] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Williams, Mary] USDA NRCS, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Castillo, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mscastil@ncsu.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1868 EP 1875 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.06.0408 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100057 ER PT J AU Roberts, CA Davis, DK Looper, ML Kallenbach, RL Rottinghaus, GE Hill, NS AF Roberts, Craig A. Davis, David K. Looper, Michael L. Kallenbach, Robert L. Rottinghaus, George E. Hill, Nicholas S. TI Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations in High- and Low-Moisture Tall Fescue Silage SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ERGOVALINE CONTENT; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; SPECTROSCOPY; QUALITY; GRASSES; STORAGE AB Ergot alkaloids are mycotoxins found in foods and forage crops, including common tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh. = Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.], which hosts a fungal endophyte. The objective of this study was to determine changes in ergovaline and total ergot alkaloid concentrations in tall fescue silage produced at high moisture (650 to 680 g H2O kg(-1)) and low moisture (340 to 400 g H2O kg(-1)). The study was conducted on endophyte-infected pastures of tall fescue in northern and southern Missouri. Tall fescue was clipped after seedhead emergence but before anthesis, wilted to high or low moisture, baled, and wrapped. After >100 d of ensiling, bales were cored and samples analyzed for ergovaline and total ergot alkaloid concentrations. Ergovaline concentration decreased (P < 0.05) during ensiling at both locations and moisture levels, and the decrease ranged from 24 to 58%. In contrast, total ergot alkaloid concentrations increased during ensiling in high moisture silage in northern (P < 0.10) and southern (P < 0.05) Missouri but did not change in low moisture silage. The opposing responses of ergovaline and total ergot alkaloids offer partial explanations for differences reported in studies involving tall fescue silage. These responses also caution against recommendations to ensile tall fescue to reduce toxins because one analyte indicates detoxification is possible, while the other analyte does not. C1 [Roberts, Craig A.; Kallenbach, Robert L.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Davis, David K.] Univ Missouri, Forage Syst Res Ctr, Linneus, MO 64653 USA. [Looper, Michael L.] USDA ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Rottinghaus, George E.] Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hill, Nicholas S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Roberts, CA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM RobertsCr@missouri.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-6227-3-016] FX This paper is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 58-6227-3-016. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1887 EP 1892 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.05.0318 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100059 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Riday, H Cassida, KA Griggs, TC Min, DH MacAdam, JW AF Grabber, J. H. Riday, H. Cassida, K. A. Griggs, T. C. Min, D. H. MacAdam, J. W. TI Yield, Morphological Characteristics, and Chemical Composition of European- and Mediterranean-Derived Birdsfoot Trefoil Cultivars Grown in the Colder Continental United States SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONDENSED TANNIN CONCENTRATION; LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; FORAGE LEGUMES; RED-CLOVER; PROTEIN DEGRADABILITY; ALFALFA; QUALITY; NUTRITION; SHEEP; COLLECTION AB North American birdsfoot trefoil (BFT, Lotus corniculatus L.) cultivars such as Norcen produce forage with low condensed tannin (CT) concentrations that may be insufficient for optimal livestock performance. Our objective was to identify European-and Mediterranean-derived cultivars with higher CT concentrations that would be suitable for production in the colder continental United States. One alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and 14 BFT cultivars were established during 2005 in MI, UT, WI, and WV and harvested under a two-or three-cut management to determine herbage chemical composition in 2006 and dry matter yield (DMY) in 2006 and 2007. During 2006, variances in crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were mainly influenced by location-harvest environments, while CT was influenced by both cultivar and environment. Earlier-maturing cultivars such as Bokor, AU Dewey, Rodeo, and Grasslands Goldie produced herbage with relatively high CT concentrations, but not undesirably low CP or high NDF, ADF, and ADL concentrations compared with Norcen BFT or alfalfa. By the second full production year in 2007, total DMY in UT exceeded WI by twofold and MI by ninefold, and total DMY of the moderate CT-containing cultivar Lotar surpassed most other cultivars, suggesting it may be well suited for forage production in the United States. Yields of alfalfa in all environments exceeded BFT by about 1.5-fold. Additional studies are needed to identify optimal CT concentrations in BFT for ruminants and to improve the compositional uniformity and yield of harvested BFT in various environments. C1 [Grabber, J. H.; Riday, H.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cassida, K. A.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Griggs, T. C.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Min, D. H.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 2004, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [MacAdam, J. W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Grabber, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr West, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM John.Grabber@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1893 EP 1901 DI 10.2135/cropsci2013.09.0644 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK9UK UT WOS:000338773100060 ER PT J AU Kondo, MC Gross-Davis, CA May, K Davis, LO Johnson, T Mallard, M Gabbadon, A Sherrod, C Branas, CC AF Kondo, Michelle C. Gross-Davis, Carol Ann May, Katlyn Davis, Lauren O. Johnson, Tyiesha Mallard, Mable Gabbadon, Alice Sherrod, Claudia Branas, Charles C. TI Place-based stressors associated with industry and air pollution SO HEALTH & PLACE LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Place; Stigma; Psychosocial and commumty stress; Oil refinery ID PETROLEUM REFINERY; RISK PERCEPTION; HEALTH-RISK; PRETERM DELIVERY; DECISION-MAKING; CHEMICAL VALLEY; LUNG-CANCER; ASTHMA; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE AB Exposure to air pollution and its sources is increasingly viewed as a psychosocial stress, however its nature is not understood. This article explores the role of the concept of place on risk perception and community stress within data collected from eight focus groups in Philadelphia, USA. Discussions focused on air pollution, a nearby oil refinery, health, and a proposal for air monitoring. We present a framework of place-based elements of risk perception that includes place identity, stigma and social control. Our findings indicate that air pollution contributes to physical and psychosocial conditions that act as community-level social stressors. Findings also suggest that programs which seek to change behaviors and gather or spread information on issues such as pollution and other environmental concerns will be challenged unless they directly address: (1) the public's identification with a place or industry, (2) immediate environmental stressors such as abandonment, waste and odors, and (3) public perceptions of lack of social control and fear of displacement. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kondo, Michelle C.] USDA Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Kondo, Michelle C.; Branas, Charles C.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gross-Davis, Carol Ann] US EPA Reg 3, Air Protect Div, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Gross-Davis, Carol Ann; Johnson, Tyiesha] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. [May, Katlyn] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Davis, Lauren O.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Mallard, Mable; Gabbadon, Alice] Right Know Committee, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. [Sherrod, Claudia] South Philadelphia HOMES Inc, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. [Sherrod, Claudia] Point Breeze Community Dev Coalit, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. RP Kondo, MC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, 100 North 20th Street,Suite 205, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM mkondo@mail.med.upenn.edu; cg48@drexel.edu; katlyn.may@duke.edu; lod25@drexel.edu; ttj29@drexel.edu; clsherrod@sphinc.com; cbranas@mail.med.upenn.edu OI Kondo, Michelle/0000-0001-9152-1589 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA020331] NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1353-8292 EI 1873-2054 J9 HEALTH PLACE JI Health Place PD JUL PY 2014 VL 28 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.03.004 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AK9HD UT WOS:000338737300004 PM 24721738 ER PT J AU Chuang, YK Hu, YP Yang, IC Delwiche, SR Lo, YM Tsai, CY Chen, SM AF Chuang, Yung-Kun Hu, Yi-Ping Yang, I-Chang Delwiche, Stephen R. Lo, Yangming Martin Tsai, Chao-Yin Chen, Suming TI Integration of independent component analysis with near infrared spectroscopy for evaluation of rice freshness SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rice; Freshness; Near infrared spectroscopy; Independent component analysis ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; REGRESSION; WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTITUENTS AB The storage time and conditions of rice has an enormous effect on its appearance, flavor, and quality of the nutrients; and the acidity of rice usually increases with prolonged storage. Therefore, evaluation of freshness is an important issue for rice quality. In this study, the NIR (near infrared) spectra combined with independent component analysis (ICA) technique was used to evaluate the rice freshness. A total of 180 white rice samples were collected from 6 crop seasons for the purpose of developing an ICA-NIR based procedure for rice freshness as quantified by pH values. Values of pH were determined by a BTB-MR (bromothymol blue - methyl red) method. The best calibration model of white rice was developed using the smoothed first derivative spectra, five ICs and cross-validation; the results indicated that r(2) (coefficient of determination) = 0.924, and in units of pH, SEC (standard error of calibration) = 0.145, SEP (standard error of prediction) = 0.146, bias = 0.001, and RPD (residual predictive deviation) = 3.65. Freshness of white rice could be distinguished either visually by a 3-dimensional diagram composed from ICs 2, 3 and 4, or statistically by a calibration model. The results show that ICA with NIR has the potential to be adopted as an effective method for evaluating rice freshness. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chuang, Yung-Kun; Hu, Yi-Ping; Chen, Suming] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioind Mechatron Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Chuang, Yung-Kun; Yang, I-Chang; Lo, Yangming Martin] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chuang, Yung-Kun; Yang, I-Chang; Delwiche, Stephen R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tsai, Chao-Yin; Chen, Suming] Natl Taiwan Univ, Bioenergy Res Ctr, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Chen, SM (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioind Mechatron Engn, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM schen@ntu.edu.tw NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 EI 1095-9963 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 60 IS 1 BP 238 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.03.005 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AK7ML UT WOS:000338612300034 ER PT J AU Ekiri, AB Landblom, D Doetkott, D Olet, S Shelver, WL Khaitsa, ML AF Ekiri, Abel B. Landblom, Douglas Doetkott, Dawn Olet, Susan Shelver, Weilin L. Khaitsa, Margaret L. TI Isolation and Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O113, O121, O145, and O157 Shed from Range and Feedlot Cattle from Postweaning to Slaughter SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BEEF PROCESSING PLANTS; VIRULENCE FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; BOVINE FECES; PREVALENCE; CARCASSES; SEROTYPES; OUTBREAK AB Cattle are the main reservoirs for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains. E. coli 026, 045, 0103, 0111, O121, O145, and O157 are among the STEC serogroups that cause severe foodborne illness and have been declared as adulterants by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service. The objectives of this study were (i) to estimate the prevalence of non-O157 STEC and E. coli O157 in naturally infected beef cows and in steer calves at postweaning, during finishing, and at slaughter and (ii) to test non-O157 STEC isolates for the presence of virulence genes stx(1), stx(2), eaeA, and ehlyA. Samples were collected from study animals during multiple sampling periods and included fecal grabs, rectal swabs, and midline sponge samples. Laboratory culture, PCR, and multiplex PCR were performed to recover and identify E. coli and the virulence genes. The prevalence of non-O157 STEC (serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O157, O113, and O145) fecal shedding ranged from 8% (4 of 48 samples) to 39% (15 of 38 samples) in cows and 2% (1 of 47 samples) to 38% (9 of 24 samples) in steer calves. The prevalence of E. coli O157 fecal shedding ranged from 0% (0 of 38 samples) to 52% (25 of 48 samples) in cows and 2% (1 of 47 samples) to 31% (15 of 48 samples) in steer calves. In steer calves, the prevalence of non-O157 STEC and E. coli O157 was highest at postweaning, at 16% (15 of 96 samples) and 23% (22 of 96 samples), respectively. Among the 208 non-O157 STEC isolates, 79% (164 isolates) had stx(1), 79% (165 isolates) had stx(2), and 58% (121 isolates) had both stxi and stx(2) genes. The percentage of non-O157 STEC isolates encoding the eaeA gene was low; of the 165 isolates tested, 8 (5%) were positive for eaeA and 135 (82%) were positive for ehlyA. Findings from this study provide further evidence of non-O157 STEC shedding in beef cows and steer calves particularly at the stage of postweaning and before entry into the feedlot. C1 [Ekiri, Abel B.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Ekiri, Abel B.; Doetkott, Dawn; Khaitsa, Margaret L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Microbiol Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Olet, Susan] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Stat, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Landblom, Douglas] N Dakota State Univ, Dickinson Res Extens Ctr, Dickinson, ND 58601 USA. [Shelver, Weilin L.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Khaitsa, Margaret L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Khaitsa, ML (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Microbiol Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM mkhaitsa@cvm.msstate.edu FU USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Agricultural Research Service [58-5442-3-020] FX The authors thank the following students who participated in the project: Jennifer Tofteland, Rahel Gemmeda, Freda Aceng, and Michael Muleme. Funding for this project was partially provided by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Agricultural Research Service, specific cooperative agreement 58-5442-3-020. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1052 EP 1061 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-373 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA AL0JU UT WOS:000338814000001 PM 24988009 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, T. P. TI Use of Enrichment Real-Time PCR To Enumerate Salmonella on Chicken Parts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; BROILER CARCASSES; PROCESSED POULTRY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ASSESSMENT MODEL; SAMPLING METHODS; LAG PHASE; BACTERIA; RETAIL; CONTAMINATION AB Salmonella bacteria that survive cooking or that cross-contaminate other food during meal preparation and serving represent primary routes of consumer exposure to this pathogen from chicken. In the present study, enrichment real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to enumerate Salmonella bacteria that contaminate raw chicken parts at retail or that cross-contaminate cooked chicken during simulated meal preparation and serving. Whole raw chickens obtained at retail were partitioned into wings, breasts, thighs, and drumsticks using a sterilized knife and cutting board, which were then used to partition a cooked chicken breast to assess cross-contamination. After enrichment in buffered peptone water (400 ml, 8 h, 40 degrees C, 80 rpm), subsamples were used for qPCR and cultural isolation of Salmonella. In some experiments, chicken parts were spiked with 0 to 3.6 log of Salmonella Typhimurium var. 5- to generate a standard curve for enumeration by qPCR. Of 10 raw chickens examined, 7 (70%) had one or more parts contaminated with Salmonella. Of 80 raw parts examined, 15 (19%) were contaminated with Salmonella. Of 20 cooked chicken parts examined, 2 (10%) were cross-contaminated with Salmonella. Predominant serotypes identified were Typhimurium (71%) and its variants (var. 5- monophasic, and nonmotile) and Kentucky (18%). The number of Salmonella bacteria on contaminated parts ranged from one to two per part. Results of this study indicated that retail chicken parts examined were contaminated with low levels of Salmonella, which resulted in low levels of cross-contamination during simulated meal preparation and serving. Thus, if consumers properly handle and prepare the chicken, it should pose no or very low risk of consumer exposure to Salmonella. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA, ARS, Chem Residue & Predict Microbiol Res Unit,Ctr Foo, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA, ARS, Chem Residue & Predict Microbiol Res Unit,Ctr Foo, Room 2111, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM thomas.oscar@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1086 EP 1092 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-505 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA AL0JU UT WOS:000338814000005 PM 24988013 ER PT J AU Farakos, SMS Hicks, JW Frye, JG Frank, JF AF Farakos, S. M. Santillana Hicks, J. W. Frye, J. G. Frank, J. F. TI Relative Survival of Four Serotypes of Salmonella enterica in Low-Water Activity Whey Protein Powder Held at 36 and 70 degrees C at Various Water Activity Levels SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LOW-MOISTURE FOODS; THERMAL INACTIVATION; PEANUT BUTTER; TEMPERATURE; TYPHIMURIUM; PERSISTENCE; PATHOGENS; SEROVARS AB Salmonella enterica is not able to grow at water activity (a(w)) levels below 0.94, but it can survive in low-a(w) foods for long periods of time. Temperature, a(w), substrate, and serotype affect its persistence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and a(w) on the relative persistence among four serotypes of Salmonella enterica in low-a whey protein powder. Whey protein powder was equilibrated to a(w)s 0.18 +/- 0.02 and 0.54 +/- 0.03, inoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella serovars (Agona, Tennessee, Montevideo, and Typhimurium), vacuum sealed, and stored at 36 C for 6 months and at 70 degrees C for 48 h. Presumptive Salmonella colonies (30 to 32) were randomly picked from each plate at the end of each survival study. PCR multiplex serotyping was used to identify the isolates. A multinomial mixed logistic model with Salmonella Tennessee as a reference was used to test for significant differences in frequency distribution of the surviving serotypes. Salmonella Tennessee and Salmonella Agona were the most prevalent surviving serotypes, followed in decreasing order by Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella Typhimurium. Statistical analysis indicated that temperature (P = 0.003) and a(w) (P = 0.012) influenced the relative prevalence of the Salmonella serotypes. if other environmental conditions are equal, Salmonella Tennessee is better able to survive than Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella Typhimurium at higher temperatures and higher a(w) levels in low-a(w) whey protein powder held at 36 and 70 degrees C. The relative prevalence of Salmonella Agona to Salmonella Tennessee did not change with increasing temperature (P = 0.211) or a(w) (P = 0.453). These results should be considered in risk assessment and when developing predictive models for survival of Salmonella in low-a foods. C1 [Farakos, S. M. Santillana; Hicks, J. W.; Frank, J. F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Frye, J. G.] USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA USA. RP Frank, JF (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cmsjoe@uga.edu FU International Life Sciences Institute-North America, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative FX The authors thank Lari Hiott for her assistance in serotyping Salmonella colonies. We also thank Kimberly Love-Myers and Yuan Zuang of the University of Georgia, Department of Statistics, for their assistance with data analysis. This research was supported by a grant from International Life Sciences Institute-North America, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, and funds allocated to the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 35 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1198 EP 1200 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-327 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA AL0JU UT WOS:000338814000021 PM 24988029 ER PT J AU Luchansky, JB Porto-Fett, ACS Shoyer, BA Thippareddi, H Amaya, JR Lemler, M AF Luchansky, John B. Porto-Fett, Anna C. S. Shoyer, Bradley A. Thippareddi, Harshavardhan Amaya, Jesus R. Lemler, Michael TI Thermal Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Cells in Mechanically Tenderized Veal SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID OPEN-FLAME GAS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; COOKING APPLIANCES; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; GROUND-BEEF; PATHOGENS; O157/H7; PORK; TEMPERATURES AB Preflattened veal cutlets (ca. 71.5 g, ca. 0.32 cm thick) were surface inoculated with ca. 6.8 log CFU/g of a multistrain cocktail of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECOH) or a cocktail made of single strains of serogroups O26, O45, O103, O104, O111, O121, and O145 of Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) cells and then were mechanically tenderized by passing once through a "Sir Steak" tenderizer. For each cooking time, in each of at least three trials, three inoculated and tenderized cutlets, with and without breading, were individually cooked in 15 or 30 ml of canola oil for 0.0, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, or 2.25 min per side on an electric skillet set at 191.5 degrees C. The temperatures of the meat and of the skillet were monitored and recorded using a type J thermocouple. Regardless of the breading or volume of oil-used to cook the meat, the longer the cooking times, the higher was the internal temperature of the meat, along with a greater reduction of both ECOH and STEC. The average final internal temperature of the meat at the approximate geometric center ranged from 56.8 to 93.1 degrees C. Microbial reductions of ca. 2.0 to 6.7 log CFU/g and ca. 2.6 to 6.2 log CFU/g were achieved for ECOH and STEC, respectively. Our data also revealed no differences in thermal inactivation of ECOH relative to the volume of oil used to cook nonbreaded cutlets. However, when cooking breaded cutlets, the use of more (30 ml) compared with less (15 ml) cooking oil resulted in greater. reductions in pathogen numbers. To deliver about a 5.0-log reduction of ECOH and STEC, and to achieve the recommended internal temperature of 71.1 degrees C, it was necessary to cook mechanically tenderized veal cutlets for at least 1.5 min per side on a preheated electric skillet set at 191.5 degrees C and containing 15 ml of cooking oil. These data also established that cooking times and temperatures effective for inactivating serotype O157:H7 strains of E. coli in tenderized veal are equally effective against the additional six non-O157 Shiga toxin producing strains investigated herein. C1 [Luchansky, John B.; Porto-Fett, Anna C. S.; Shoyer, Bradley A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Thippareddi, Harshavardhan] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Amaya, Jesus R.; Lemler, Michael] Nagle Veal & Qual Meats Inc, San Bernardino, CA 92410 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM john.luchansky@ars.usda.gov FU Nagle Veal and Quality Meats [58-3K95-3-1600]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-68003-30155] FX We offer our sincere appreciation to Sarah Wadsworth (Food Safety Connect, Blacksville, WV) for her technical assistance on this project. In addition, we are extremely grateful to John Phillips (USDA-ARS, Wyndmoor, PA), James Lindsay (USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD), William Shaw, Nathan Bauer, and Nora Pikhala (USDA-FSIS, Washington, DC), Randall K. Phebus (Kansas State University, Manhattan), and Steve Campano (Hawkins Inc., Minneapolis, MN) for contributing their time, talents, and/or resources toward this effort. This project was funded, in part, through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with Nagle Veal and Quality Meats (58-3K95-3-1600). This project was also supported, in part, by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive grant no. 2012-68003-30155 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1201 EP 1206 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-414 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA AL0JU UT WOS:000338814000022 PM 24988030 ER PT J AU Lohmeyer, KH Pound, JM Yeater, KM May, MA AF Lohmeyer, K. H. Pound, J. M. Yeater, K. M. May, M. A. TI Efficacy of Novaluron as a Feed-Through for Control of Immature Horn Flies, House Flies, and Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) Developing in Cow Manure SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Haematobia irritans; Stomoxys calcitrans; Musca domestica; benzoylphenyl urea ID LABORATORY EVALUATION; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; AEDES-AEGYPTI; FLY; SITES; INSECTICIDE; HAY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PSYCHODIDAE; DISPERSAL AB Two rates (0.4 mg/kg body weight/d and 0.6 mg/kg body weight/d) of a daily feed-through formulation of novaluron (Novaluron 0.67% active ingredient Cattle Mix), a newer benzoylphenyl urea insecticide, were evaluated for efficacy in controlling the larval stage of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), house flies, Musca domestica L., and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), developing in cow manure. Both rates of feed-through novaluron, delivered consecutively for 10 d, reduced adult emergence of all three species when compared with the untreated control. The presence of deformed puparia indicated that novaluron had an insect growth regulator effect on the developing fly larvae. Both of the feed-through rates evaluated resulted in 100% reduction of adult stable fly emergence after the second day of feed-through treatment. The level of control efficacy observed against these three fly species make this feed-through formulation a candidate for use in an integrated livestock pest management program, particularly in confined cattle production situations where a feed-through product could be easily administered. C1 [Lohmeyer, K. H.; Pound, J. M.; May, M. A.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Yeater, K. M.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Lohmeyer, KH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kim.lohmeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 31 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 51 IS 4 BP 873 EP 877 DI 10.1603/ME13196 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA AL0TW UT WOS:000338840700020 PM 25118422 ER PT J AU Lambiase, MJ Dorn, J Thurston, RC Roemmich, JN AF Lambiase, Maya J. Dorn, Joan Thurston, Rebecca C. Roemmich, James N. TI Flow-mediated dilation and exercise blood pressure in healthy adolescents SO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT LA English DT Article DE Exercise; Blood pressure; Endothelial function; Cardiovascular disease; Youth ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; PULSE PRESSURE; ADULTHOOD; DISEASE; VASODILATION; HYPERTENSION; ENDOTHELIUM; CHILDHOOD; THICKNESS; RESPONSES AB Objectives: Exercise blood pressure is a robust predictor of cardiovascular disease risk. Endothelial dysfunction occurs early in development of cardiovascular disease and is associated with greater exercise blood pressure in adults. However, it is not yet clear whether endothelial function is associated with exercise blood pressure in youth. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between, endothelial function, indexed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, and submaximal exercise blood pressure in healthy adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Adolescents (N = 45) completed a graded submaximal treadmill test. Blood pressure was measured during rest and each exercise stage. Ultrasound measurement of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was completed on a separate visit. Pearson correlations and multiple regression were used to assess the unadjusted and multivariate adjusted associations between flow-mediated dilation and exercise blood pressure, respectively. Results: Lower flow-mediated dilation was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.37, p = 0.01) and greater pulse pressure (r = -0.38, p = 0.01) during exercise. The significance did not change when adjusting for age, gender, fitness, or resting blood pressure. Exploratory analyses suggest that flow-mediated dilation was associated with exercise diastolic blood pressure primarily among adolescents with low resting diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: Studies in youth are important to understand the early pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Findings from this study suggest that endothelial function may play a role in regulating blood pressure responses during submaximal exercise in healthy adolescents. (C) 2013 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lambiase, Maya J.; Thurston, Rebecca C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Lambiase, Maya J.; Dorn, Joan] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Roemmich, James N.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Lambiase, MJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM mjl106@pitt.edu FU Mark Diamond Research Fund FX We thank Vivian Boyd and Debbie Saltino for their technical assistance in completing the ultrasound measurements. Thank you to the Mark Diamond Research Fund for their financial support which helped to reimburse participants. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1440-2440 EI 1878-1861 J9 J SCI MED SPORT JI J. Sci. Med. Sport PD JUL PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 BP 425 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.05.015 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA AK9OD UT WOS:000338755500017 PM 23809838 ER PT J AU Liebig, M Archer, D Hendrickson, J Nichols, K Sanderson, M Tanaka, D Merrill, S Harner, LA Olsen, D AF Liebig, Mark Archer, David Hendrickson, John Nichols, Kristine Sanderson, Matt Tanaka, Don Merrill, Steve Harner, LeAnn Olsen, Duane TI The Area IV Soil Conservation Districts Cooperative Research Farm: Thirty years of collaborative research to improve cropping system sustainability in the Northern Plains SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID GREAT-PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT; TILLAGE; NITROGEN; PRECIPITATION; PRODUCTIVITY; QUALITY; CLIMATE; FUTURE C1 [Liebig, Mark; Archer, David; Hendrickson, John; Nichols, Kristine; Sanderson, Matt; Tanaka, Don; Merrill, Steve] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Harner, LeAnn] Oliver Soil Conservat Dist SCD, Center, ND USA. [Olsen, Duane] Area IV SCD Cooperat Res Farm, Board Supervisors, Mandan, ND USA. RP Liebig, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 69 IS 4 BP 99A EP 103A DI 10.2489/jswc.69.4.99A PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AK8ZW UT WOS:000338718300001 ER PT J AU Toledo, D Sanderson, M Herrick, J Goslee, S AF Toledo, David Sanderson, Matt Herrick, Jeffrey Goslee, Sarah TI An integrated approach to grazingland ecological assessments and management interpretations SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CONDITION SCORE SYSTEM C1 [Toledo, David; Sanderson, Matt] ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Herrick, Jeffrey] ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Goslee, Sarah] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Toledo, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RI Toledo, David/A-9259-2010 OI Toledo, David/0000-0001-5162-4428 FU Conservation Effects Assessment Project - USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service; Agricultural Research Service FX We would like to thank our focus group participants who provided valuable insight on method unification. This work was supported by funds from a Conservation Effects Assessment Project jointly funded by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Agricultural Research Service. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 69 IS 4 BP 110A EP 114A DI 10.2489/jswc.69.4.110A PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AK8ZW UT WOS:000338718300003 ER PT J AU Kladivko, EJ Kaspar, TC Jaynes, DB Malone, RW Singer, J Morin, XK Searchinger, T AF Kladivko, E. J. Kaspar, T. C. Jaynes, D. B. Malone, R. W. Singer, J. Morin, X. K. Searchinger, T. TI Cover crops in the upper midwestern United States: Potential adoption and reduction of nitrate leaching in the Mississippi River Basin SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE adoption; cover crops; hypoxia; Mississippi River; nitrate leaching; water quality ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; US CORN-BELT; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; MANAGEMENT; WATER; SYSTEMS; CONTAMINATION; PHOSPHORUS; YIELDS AB Nitrate (NO3) losses from agricultural lands in the Midwest flow into the Mississippi River Basin (MRB) and contribute significantly to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Previous work has shown that cover crops can reduce loadings, but adoption rates are low, and the potential impact if cover crops were widely adopted is currently unknown. This paper provides an analysis of potential cover crop adoption and relative benefits to water quality across the five-state region of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota in the upper midwestern MRB. Two agricultural counties were selected in each of the five states, and the potential for fall-planted cover crop adoption was estimated based on cash crop rotation and tillage systems. In these 10 counties, an estimated 34% to 81% of the agricultural land could have cover crops integrated into their corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) cropping systems. These adoption rates would in some cases require shifts of current tillage practices from fall to spring, but could be even higher with increased adoption of no-till and mulch-till. Nitrate reduction simulated with the Root Zone Water Quality Model for the tile drained portion of the corn-soybean and continuous corn cropping systems in the five-state area, under the assumed management systems and uniform soil properties, showed that cover crops have the potential to reduce NO3 loadings to the Mississippi River by approximately 20%. These predictions suggest that cover crop adoption would have a beneficial impact on water quality in the MRB and would contribute greatly towards meeting the national goal of significant reduction in NO3-nitrogen (N) load entering the Gulf. C1 [Kladivko, E. J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kaspar, T. C.; Jaynes, D. B.; Malone, R. W.; Singer, J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Morin, X. K.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Searchinger, T.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kladivko, EJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FU Walton Family Foundation; Princeton Environmental Institute (PEI) FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with Barry Fisher from Indiana Natural Resource Conservation Service and Mark Hanna, Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. This research was the result of an invited workshop held on October 21 to 22, 2010 at Princeton University that was sponsored by the Princeton Environmental Institute (PEI) and funded by a grant from the Walton Family Foundation. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 13 U2 103 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 69 IS 4 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.2489/jswc.69.4.279 PG 13 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AK8ZW UT WOS:000338718300007 ER PT J AU Malone, RW Jaynes, DB Kaspar, TC Thorp, KR Kladivko, E Ma, L James, DE Singer, J Morin, XK Searchinger, T AF Malone, R. W. Jaynes, D. B. Kaspar, T. C. Thorp, K. R. Kladivko, E. Ma, L. James, D. E. Singer, J. Morin, X. K. Searchinger, T. TI Cover crops in the upper midwestern United States: Simulated effect on nitrate leaching with artificial drainage SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE best management practices; hypoxia; nitrate; Root Zone Water Quality Model; subsurface drainage; water quality ID NITROGEN APPLICATION RATES; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; TILE DRAINAGE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; FOOD SECURITY; WATER; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; TILLAGE; QUALITY AB A fall-planted winter cover crop is an agricultural management practice with multiple benefits that may include reducing nitrate (NO3) losses from artificial drained agricultural fields. While the practice is commonly used in the southern and eastern United States, little is known about its efficacy in midwestern states where winters are longer and colder, and artificial subsurface drainage is widely used in corn-soybean systems (Zea mays L.-Glycine max L.). We used a field-tested version of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to simulate the adoption of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) as a winter cover crop and estimate its impact on NO3 losses from drained fields at 41 sites across the Midwest from 1961 to 2005. The average annual nitrogen (N) loss reduction from adding winter rye ranged from 11.7 to 31.8 kg N ha(-1) (10.4 to 28.4 lb N ac(-1)) among four simulated systems. One of the simulated treatments was winter rye overseeded (aerial seeded) into a no-till corn-soybean rotation at simulated main crop maturity (CC2). On average, this treatment reduced simulated N loss in drainage by 20.1 kg N ha(-1) (17.9 lb N ac(-1)) over the sites compared to systems without winter rye (NCC2), from 47.3 to 27.2 kg N ha(-1) (42.2 to 24.3 lb N ac(-1)). Adding spring tillage to this treatment and killing the rye earlier (CC3) reduced simulated N loss from 57.3 (NCC3) to 34.4 kg N ha(-1) (30.7 lb N ac(-1)). Replacing the corn-soybean rotation with continuous corn and spring tillage reduced simulated N loss from 106 (NCC4) to 74.2 kg N ha(-1) (CC4) (94.6 to 66.2 lb N ac(-1)). Adding a winter rye cover crop reduced N loss more in the continuous corn system despite earlier spring termination of the winter rye and slightly less N uptake by the rye possibly because of more denitrification. Regression analysis of the RZWQM variables from these sites showed that temperature and precipitation during winter rye growth, N fertilizer application rates to corn, and simulated corn yield account for greater than 95% of the simulated site-to-site variability in NO3 loss reductions in tile flow due to winter rye. Our results suggest that on average winter rye can reduce N loss in drainage 42.5% across the Midwest. Greater N loss reductions were estimated from adding winter rye at sites with warmer temperatures and less precipitation because of more cover crop growth and more soil N available for cover crop uptake. C1 [Malone, R. W.; Jaynes, D. B.; Kaspar, T. C.; James, D. E.; Singer, J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Thorp, K. R.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Kladivko, E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ma, L.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Morin, X. K.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Searchinger, T.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X FU Princeton Environmental Institute (PEI); Walton Family Foundation FX This research was the result of an invited workshop held on October 21 to 22, 2010 at Princeton University that was sponsored by the Princeton Environmental Institute (PEI) and funded by a grant from the Walton Family Foundation. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 86 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 69 IS 4 BP 292 EP 305 DI 10.2489/jswc.69.4.292 PG 14 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA AK8ZW UT WOS:000338718300008 ER PT J AU Corbin, ZA Rost, NS Lorenzano, S Kernan, WN Parides, MK Blumberg, JB Milbury, PE Arai, K Hartdegen, SN Lo, EH Feske, SK Furie, KL AF Corbin, Zachary A. Rost, Natalia S. Lorenzano, Svetlana Kernan, Walter N. Parides, Michael K. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Milbury, Paul E. Arai, Ken Hartdegen, Sophia N. Lo, Eng H. Feske, Steven K. Furie, Karen L. TI White Matter Hyperintensity Volume Correlates with Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Acute Ischemic Stroke SO JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Leukoaraiosis; white matter hyperintensity; stroke; F2-isoprostane(s); matrix metalloproteinase 2; oxidative stress ID CHRONIC CEREBRAL HYPOPERFUSION; RAT MODEL; LEUKOARAIOSIS; BRAIN; SEVERITY; PATHOGENESIS; BREAKDOWN; SUBTYPES; LACUNAR AB Background: White matter hyperintensity (WMH), a common radiographic finding associated with stroke risk and outcome, has been linked to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and increased levels of oxidative stress in nonstroke populations. We sought to determine whether WMH severity is associated with plasma levels of MMPs and oxidative stress (F2-isoprostane) in subjects with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: We measured plasma biomarker levels at baseline and 48 hours in consecutive AIS subjects. White matter hyperintensity volume (WMHv) was quantified on admission magnetic resonance imaging using a validated semiautomated protocol, and Spearman correlation coefficients were derived for all measured biomarkers. Results: We enrolled 405 AIS subjects (mean age 70 +/- 15 years; 58% male; median WMHv 3.4 cm(3), interquartile range 1.4-9.5). WMHv and age were strongly correlated (rho = .57, P < .0001). WMHv and MMP-2 levels were correlated at baseline (rho = .23, P < .0001) and at 48 hours poststroke (rho = .19, P = .002). In multivariate analysis, 48-hour MMP-2 levels were independently associated with WMHv (beta = .12, P = .04). MMP-9 and F2-isioprostane levels did not correlate with WMHv. Conclusions: In AIS patients, MMP-2 levels are associated with the pre-existing burden of WMH. If validated, these findings may further elucidate the role of MMP-2 in pathophysiology of chronic cerebrovascular injury, such as WMH, and in brain susceptibility to acute ischemia. (C) 2014 by National Stroke Association C1 [Corbin, Zachary A.; Rost, Natalia S.; Lorenzano, Svetlana; Furie, Karen L.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Kernan, Walter N.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Parides, Michael K.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Hlth Evidence & Policy, New York, NY USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Milbury, Paul E.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arai, Ken; Hartdegen, Sophia N.; Lo, Eng H.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Neuroprotect Res Lab, Charlestown, MA USA. [Feske, Steven K.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Furie, Karen L.] Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Dept Neurol, Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02903 USA. RP Rost, NS (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, 175 Cambridge St,Suite 300, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM nrost@partners.org FU Sarnoff Cardiovascular Research Foundation; NIH SPOTRIAS [P50NS051343]; NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [K23NS064052, R01NS082285]; American Stroke Association-Bugher Foundation; Deane Institute for Integrative Study of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke at MGH FX Funding provided by the Sarnoff Cardiovascular Research Foundation (Z.A.C.); NIH SPOTRIAS grant P50NS051343 ( K.L.F.); NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) K23NS064052 and R01NS082285 (N.S.R.); the American Stroke Association-Bugher Foundation (K.L.F., E.H.L., and N.S.R.); and The Deane Institute for Integrative Study of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke at MGH (K.A. and K.L.F.). NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1052-3057 EI 1532-8511 J9 J STROKE CEREBROVASC JI J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1300 EP 1306 DI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.11.002 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA AK5OY UT WOS:000338475600006 PM 24439130 ER PT J AU Childs, KL Nandety, A Hirsch, CN Gongora-Castillo, E Schmutz, J Kaeppler, SM Casler, MD Buell, CR AF Childs, Kevin L. Nandety, Aruna Hirsch, Candice N. Gongora-Castillo, Elsa Schmutz, Jeremy Kaeppler, Shawn M. Casler, Michael D. Buell, C. Robin TI Generation of Transcript Assemblies and Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms from Seven Lowland and Upland Cultivars of Switchgrass SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; PANICUM-VIRGATUM L.; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; INFERRING PHYLOGENY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RNA-SEQ; MAIZE; MARKERS; POPULATIONS AB Switchgrass is a North American perennial prairie species that has been used as a rangeland and forage crop and has recently been targeted as a potential biofuel feedstock species. Switchgrass, which occurs as tetraploid and octoploid forms, is classified into lowland or upland ecotypes that differ in growth phenotypes and adaptation to distinct habitats. Using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) reads derived from crown, young shoot, and leaf tissues, we generated sequence data from seven switchgrass cultivars, three lowland and four upland, to enable comparative analyses between switchgrass cultivars and to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for use in breeding and genetic analysis. We also generated individual transcript assemblies for each of the cultivars. Transcript data indicate that subgenomes of octoploid switchgrass are not substantially different from subgenomes of tetraploids as expected for an autopolyploid origin of switchgrass octoploids. Using RNA-seq reads aligned to the switchgrass Release 0 AP13 reference genome, we identified 1,305,976 high-confidence SNPs. Of these SNPs, 438,464 were unique to lowland cultivars, but only 12,002 were found in all lowlands. Conversely, 723,678 SNPs were unique to upland cultivars, with only 34,665 observed in all uplands. Comparison of our high-confidence transcriptome-derived SNPs with SNPs previously identified in a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) study of an association panel revealed limited overlap between the two methods, highlighting the utility of transcriptome-based SNP discovery in augmenting genome diversity polymorphism datasets. The transcript and SNP data described here provide a useful resource for switchgrass gene annotation and marker-based analyses of the switchgrass genome. C1 [Childs, Kevin L.; Hirsch, Candice N.; Buell, C. Robin] Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Childs, Kevin L.; Hirsch, Candice N.; Gongora-Castillo, Elsa; Buell, C. Robin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nandety, Aruna; Kaeppler, Shawn M.; Casler, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Nandety, Aruna; Kaeppler, Shawn M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schmutz, Jeremy] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Schmutz, Jeremy] HudsonAlpha Inst Biotechnol, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Casler, Michael D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Childs, KL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kchilds@plantbiology.msu.edu RI Childs, Kevin/C-9513-2014; Gongora, Elsa/R-8854-2016; OI Childs, Kevin/0000-0002-3680-062X; Gongora, Elsa/0000-0001-6327-6993; Kaeppler, Shawn/0000-0002-5964-1668 FU Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX This work was funded by the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 30 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2013.12.0041 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA AL0RP UT WOS:000338834700006 ER PT J AU Fugate, KK Fajardo, D Schlautman, B Ferrareze, JP Bolton, MD Campbell, LG Wiesman, E Zalapa, J AF Fugate, Karen Klotz Fajardo, Diego Schlautman, Brandon Ferrareze, Jocleita Peruzzo Bolton, Melvin D. Campbell, Larry G. Wiesman, Eric Zalapa, Juan TI Generation and Characterization of a Sugarbeet Transcriptome and Transcript-Based SSR Markers SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID BETA-VULGARIS L; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SALICYLIC-ACID; LINKAGE MAP; GENETIC-MAP; GENOME; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; REPEATS; READS AB Sugarbeet is a major source of refined sucrose and increasingly grown for biofuel production. Demand for higher productivity for this crop requires greater knowledge of sugarbeet physiology, pathology, and genetics, which can be advanced by the development of new genomic resources. Towards this end, a sugarbeet transcriptome of expressed genes from leaf and root tissues at varying stages of development and production, and after elicitation with jasmonic acid (JA) or salicylic acid (SA), was constructed and used to generate simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The transcriptome was generated via paired-end RNA sequencing and contains 82,404 unigenes. A total of 37,207 unigenes were annotated, of which 9480 were functionally classified using clusters of orthologous groups (COG) annotations, 17,191 were classified into biological process, molecular function, or cellular component using gene ontology (GO) terms, and 17,409 were assigned to 126 metabolic pathways using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) identifiers. A SSR search of the transcriptome identified 7680 SSRs, including 6577 perfect SSRs, of which 3834 were located in unigenes with ungapped sequence. Primer-pairs were designed for 288 SSR loci, and 72 of these primer-pairs were tested for their ability to detect polymorphisms. Forty-three primer-pairs detected single polymorphic loci and effectively distinguished diversity among eight B. vulgaris genotypes. The transcriptome and SSR markers provide additional, public domain genomic resources for an important crop plant and can be used to increase understanding of the functional elements of the sugarbeet genome, aid in discovery of novel genes, facilitate RNA-sequencing based expression research, and provide new tools for sugarbeet genetic research and selective breeding. C1 [Fugate, Karen Klotz; Bolton, Melvin D.; Campbell, Larry G.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Fajardo, Diego; Schlautman, Brandon] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Ferrareze, Jocleita Peruzzo] Univ Estado Santa Catarina, Ctr Ciencias Agrovet, Dept Agron, BR-88520000 Lages, SC, Brazil. [Wiesman, Eric; Zalapa, Juan] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Fugate, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM karen.fugate@ars.usda.gov FU CNPq of Brazil; Beet Sugar Development Foundation FX The authors thank John Eide for technical assistance, CNPq of Brazil for providing JPF's scholarship, and the Beet Sugar Development Foundation for partial financial support of this research. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 20 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2013.11.0038 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA AL0RP UT WOS:000338834700004 ER PT J AU Olson, A Klein, RR Dugas, DV Lu, ZY Regulski, M Klein, PE Ware, D AF Olson, Andrew Klein, Robert R. Dugas, Diana V. Lu, Zhenyuan Regulski, Michael Klein, Patricia E. Ware, Doreen TI Expanding and Vetting Sorghum bicolor Gene Annotations through Transcriptome and Methylome Sequencing SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID NOVO DNA METHYLATION; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RNA-SEQ; EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS; RECIPROCAL HYBRIDS; EXPRESSION ATLAS; RICE; RESOLUTION; UNCOVERS AB With the emergence and subsequent advancement of next-generation sequence technology, detailed structural and functional characterization of genomes is readily attainable. Here, we have sampled the Sorghum bicolor methylome by shallow sequencing of HSO3- (bisulfite)-treated DNA and have used these data to identify methylation patterns associated with high confidence gene models. We trained a classifier to predict functional gene models based on expression levels, methylation profiles, and sequence conservation. We have expanded the transcriptome atlas by sequencing RNA from meristematic tissues, florets, and embryos, and utilized this information to develop a more complete annotation of the sorghum transcriptome. Our gene annotations modify 60% of Sbi1.4 (version 1.4 of sorghum gene annotations) gene models. The updated models most often have extended untranslated region (UTR) annotations (18,105), but some show longer protein coding regions (5096) or previously unannotated alternative transcripts (6493). A phylogenetic analysis suggests that 800 genes are missing from annotation Sbi1.4 and 400 gene models are split. The new annotations resolve 50% of split gene models and include 30% of conserved genes missing from the Sbi1.4 annotation. Using our classifier, we identified a large set of 34,276 novel potentially functional transcribed regions. These transcribed regions include protein coding genes, non-coding RNAs, and other classes of gene products. C1 [Olson, Andrew; Lu, Zhenyuan; Regulski, Michael; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Klein, Robert R.; Dugas, Diana V.] USDA ARS, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Klein, Patricia E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ware, Doreen] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ware, D (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM ware@cshl.edu FU USDA-ARS [1907-21000-030]; NSF [IOS-0703908]; Texas AgriLife Research FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Robert Martienssen (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) for bisulfite library support and discussions, Dr. Richard McCombie (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) for DNA sequencing support, Jude Kendall (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) for his technical assistance with HMMs, Joshua Stein (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) for assistance with comparative genomics analyses, and Julie McCollum (USDA-ARS, College Station) and Natalie Unruh (TAMU, College Station) for their expert technical assistance. This work was financially supported by USDA-ARS 1907-21000-030 (D. W.), NSF IOS-0703908 (D. W.), Texas AgriLife Research (P. E. K), and the USDA-ARS (R.R.K.). NR 89 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD JUL PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2013.08.0025 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA AL0RP UT WOS:000338834700001 ER PT J AU Hollender, CA Kang, CY Darwish, O Geretz, A Matthews, BF Slovin, J Alkharouf, N Liu, ZC AF Hollender, Courtney A. Kang, Chunying Darwish, Omar Geretz, Aviva Matthews, Benjamin F. Slovin, Janet Alkharouf, Nadim Liu, Zhongchi TI Floral Transcriptomes in Woodland Strawberry Uncover Developing Receptacle and Anther Gene Networks SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALE GAMETOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT; ARABIDOPSIS MALE MEIOCYTES; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; F-BOX; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; CELL-TYPES; RNA-SEQ; SHOOT; MERISTEM AB Flowers are reproductive organs and precursors to fruits and seeds. While the basic tenets of the ABCE model of flower development are conserved in angiosperms, different flowering plants exhibit different and sometimes unique characteristics. A distinct feature of strawberry (Fragaria spp.) flowers is the development of several hundreds of individual apocarpous (unfused) carpels. These individual carpels are arranged in a spiral pattern on the subtending stem tip, the receptacle. Therefore, the receptacle is an integral part of the strawberry flower and is of significant agronomic importance, being the precursor to strawberry fruit. Taking advantage of next-generation sequencing and laser capture microdissection, we generated different tissue-and stage-transcriptomic profiling of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) flower development. Using pairwise comparisons and weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we identified modules of coexpressed genes and hub genes of tissue-specific networks. Of particular importance is the discovery of a developing receptacle-specific module exhibiting similar molecular features to those of young floral meristems. The strawberry homologs of a number of meristem regulators, including LOST MERISTEM and WUSCHEL, are identified as hub genes operating in the developing receptacle network. Furthermore, almost 25% of the F-box genes in the genome are transiently induced in developing anthers at the meiosis stage, indicating active protein degradation. Together, this work provides important insights into the molecular networks underlying strawberry's unique reproductive developmental processes. This extensive floral transcriptome data set is publicly available and can be readily queried at the project Web site, serving as an important genomic resource for the plant biology research community. C1 [Hollender, Courtney A.; Kang, Chunying; Geretz, Aviva; Liu, Zhongchi] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20817 USA. [Darwish, Omar; Alkharouf, Nadim] Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Matthews, Benjamin F.; Slovin, Janet] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liu, ZC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20817 USA. EM zliu@umd.edu FU National Science Foundation [MCB0923913]; Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Project [MD-CBMG-0525, MD-CBMG-0738]; Hokensen graduate fellowship FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. MCB0923913 to Z.L., J.S., and N.A.), the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Project (grant nos. MD-CBMG-0525 and MD-CBMG-0738 to Z.L.), and a Hokensen graduate fellowship (to C.A.H.). NR 37 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 90 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 165 IS 3 BP 1062 EP 1075 DI 10.1104/pp.114.237529 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL0VV UT WOS:000338846000010 PM 24828307 ER PT J AU Wang, JL Shine, MB Gao, QM Navarre, D Jiang, W Liu, CY Chen, QS Hu, GH Kachroo, A AF Wang, Jialin Shine, M. B. Gao, Qing-Ming Navarre, Duroy Jiang, Wei Liu, Chunyan Chen, Qingshan Hu, Guohua Kachroo, Aardra TI Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1 Mediates Pathogen Resistance and Virulence Function of a Bacterial Effector in Soybean SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYRINGAE PV GLYCINEA; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; TURNIP-CRINKLE-VIRUS; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; SALICYLIC-ACID; AVIRULENCE GENES; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ESSENTIAL COMPONENT; MILDEW RESISTANCE AB Enhanced disease susceptibility1 (EDS1) and phytoalexin deficient4 (PAD4) are well-known regulators of both basal and resistance (R) protein-mediated plant defense. We identified two EDS1-like (GmEDS1a/GmEDS1b) proteins and one PAD4-like (GmPAD4) protein that are required for resistance signaling in soybean (Glycine max). Consistent with their significant structural conservation to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) counterparts, constitutive expression of GmEDS1 or GmPAD4 complemented the pathogen resistance defects of Arabidopsis eds1 and pad4 mutants, respectively. Interestingly, however, the GmEDS1 and GmPAD4 did not complement pathogen-inducible salicylic acid accumulation in the eds1/pad4 mutants. Furthermore, the GmEDS1a/GmEDS1b proteins were unable to complement the turnip crinkle virus coat protein-mediated activation of the Arabidopsis R protein Hypersensitive reaction to Turnip crinkle virus (HRT), even though both interacted with HRT. Silencing GmEDS1a/GmEDS1b or GmPAD4 reduced basal and pathogeninducible salicylic acid accumulation and enhanced soybean susceptibility to virulent pathogens. The GmEDS1a/GmEDS1b and GmPAD4 genes were also required for Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea2 (Rpg2)-mediated resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Notably, the GmEDS1a/GmEDS1b proteins interacted with the cognate bacterial effector AvrA1 and were required for its virulence function in rpg2 plants. Together, these results show that despite significant structural similarities, conserved defense signaling components from diverse plants can differ in their functionalities. In addition, we demonstrate a role for GmEDS1 in regulating the virulence function of a bacterial effector. C1 [Wang, Jialin; Jiang, Wei; Chen, Qingshan; Hu, Guohua] Northeast Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jialin; Shine, M. B.; Gao, Qing-Ming; Kachroo, Aardra] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Navarre, Duroy] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Liu, Chunyan; Hu, Guohua] Land Reclamat Res & Breeding Ctr Heilongjiang, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China. RP Hu, GH (reprint author), Northeast Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. EM hugh757@vip.163.com; apkach2@uky.edu FU United Soybean Board [1291]; Earmarked Fund for Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System [CARS-04-02A]; Ministry of Agriculture [2011ZX08004-001-06]; China Scholarship Council; Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station [14-12-045] FX This work was supported by the United Soybean Board (project no. 1291 to A. K.), the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System (grant no. CARS-04-02A), the Transgenic Special Fund of Ministry of Agriculture (grant no. 2011ZX08004-001-06 to G. H.), and the China Scholarship Council (fellowship to J.W.). The information reported in this article (no. 14-12-045) is part of a project of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and is published with the approval of the Director. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 165 IS 3 BP 1269 EP 1284 DI 10.1104/pp.114.242495 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL0VV UT WOS:000338846000024 PM 24872380 ER PT J AU Catalan, P Chalhoub, B Chochois, V Garvin, DF Hasterok, R Manzaneda, AJ Mur, LAJ Pecchioni, N Rasmussen, SK Vogel, JP Voxeur, A AF Catalan, Pilar Chalhoub, Boulos Chochois, Vincent Garvin, David F. Hasterok, Robert Manzaneda, Antonio J. Mur, Luis A. J. Pecchioni, Nicola Rasmussen, Soren K. Vogel, John P. Voxeur, Aline TI Update on the genomics and basic biology of Brachypodium International Brachypodium Initiative (IBI) SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Brachypodium; genomics; model plant; crop improvement ID DISTACHYON; GENES; MODEL; EVOLUTION; STRESS; GROWTH; CEREAL; WHEAT AB The scientific presentations at the First International Brachypodium Conference (abstracts available at http://www.brachy2013.unimore.it) are evidence of the widespread adoption of Brachypodium distachyon as a model system. Furthermore, the wide range of topics presented (genome evolution, roots, abiotic and biotic stress, comparative genomics, natural diversity, and cell walls) demonstrates that the Brachypodium research community has achieved a critical mass of tools and has transitioned from resource development to addressing biological questions, particularly those unique to grasses. C1 [Catalan, Pilar] Univ Zaragoza, High Polytech Sch Huesca, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Huesca 22071, Spain. [Catalan, Pilar] Tomsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Dept Bot, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Chalhoub, Boulos] INRA CNRS Univ Evry Val dEssonne UEVE, Unite Rech Genom Vegetale, F-91057 Evry, France. [Chochois, Vincent] CSIRO Plant Ind, Black Mt Labs, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hasterok, Robert] Silesian Univ, Dept Plant Anat & Cytol, PL-40032 Katowice, Poland. [Manzaneda, Antonio J.] Univ Jaen, Dept Biol Anim Biol Vegetal & Ecol, Jaen 23071, Spain. [Mur, Luis A. J.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. [Pecchioni, Nicola] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Life Sci, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy. [Rasmussen, Soren K.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Vogel, John P.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Voxeur, Aline] INRA, Inst Jean Pierre Bourgin, Unite Mixte Rech UMR 1318, Saclay Plant Sci, F-78000 Versailles, France. [Voxeur, Aline] AgroParisTech, Inst Jean Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Sci, F-78000 Versailles, France. RP Pecchioni, N (reprint author), Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Life Sci, Via Amendola 2, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy. EM nicola.pecchioni@unimore.it RI Pecchioni, Nicola/E-5389-2015; Voxeur, Aline/O-7149-2015; Catalan, Pilar/N-7641-2014; OI Pecchioni, Nicola/0000-0003-1704-2541; Manzaneda Avila, Antonio Jose/0000-0001-9384-7910; Mur, Luis/0000-0002-0961-9817; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689; Rasmussen, Soren K./0000-0001-6169-2504 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 19 IS 7 BP 414 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.05.002 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AL2TW UT WOS:000338979400003 PM 24917149 ER PT J AU Cheng, JL Leu, SY Zhu, JY Jeffries, TW AF Cheng, Jinlan Leu, Shao-Yuan Zhu, J. Y. Jeffries, Thomas W. TI Ethanol production from non-detoxified whole slurry of sulfite-pretreated empty fruit bunches at a low cellulase loading SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Empty fruit bunches (EFB); Pretreatment; High solids Enzymatic hydrolysis/saccharification; Fermentation; High titer ethanol ID ENHANCE ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION; OIL PALM; DILUTE-ACID; STEAM PRETREATMENT; LODGEPOLE PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; LIGNOCELLULOSES; SPORL; FERMENTATION; LIGNIN AB Sulfite pretreatment to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL) was applied to an empty fruit bunches (EFB) for ethanol production. SPORL facilitated delignification through lignin sulfonation and dissolution of xylan to result in a highly digestible substrate. The pretreated whole slurry was enzymatically saccharified at a solids loading of 18% using a relatively low cellulase loading of 15 FPU/g glucan and simultaneously fermented without detoxification using Saccharomyces cerevisiae of YRH400. An ethanol yield of 217 L/tonne EFB was achieved at titer of 32 g/L. Compared with literature studies, SPORL produced high ethanol yield and titer with much lower cellulase loading without detoxification. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cheng, Jinlan] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Jiangsu Prov Key Lab Pulp & Paper Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Jinlan; Leu, Shao-Yuan; Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53719 USA. [Leu, Shao-Yuan] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil Environ Eng, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Zhu, J. Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Eng, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Jeffries, Thomas W.] Xylome Corp, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53719 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) through Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant program [2011-68005-30416]; Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies FX We acknowledge Dr. Douglas Furtek of Teck Guan Group of Malaysia for providing the empty fruit bunches (EFB). Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies provided partial financial support for the visiting appointment of Dr. Jinlan Cheng at the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), Madison, WI. We also acknowledge the financial support from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) through Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant program (2011-68005-30416) for Drs. Jinlan Cheng and Shao-yuan Leu's postdoctoral position at FPL. Drs. Bruce Dien and Ron Hector of USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), National Center for Agriculture Utilization Research, Provided S. cerevisiae of YRH400. Dr. Xuejun Pan of the Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, provided technical discussions and access to his laboratory equipment. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 164 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.102 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA AK8WX UT WOS:000338710500046 PM 24874873 ER PT J AU Lu, HF Lin, T Klein, J Wang, SH Qi, JJ Zhou, Q Sun, JJ Zhang, ZH Weng, YQ Huang, SW AF Lu, Hongfeng Lin, Tao Klein, Joel Wang, Shenhao Qi, Jianjian Zhou, Qian Sun, Jinjing Zhang, Zhonghua Weng, Yiqun Huang, Sanwen TI QTL-seq identifies an early flowering QTL located near Flowering Locus T in cucumber SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BULKED SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENOME; ARABIDOPSIS; GENES; RICE; COMPLEX; PROTEIN; MAP; FT AB Next-generation sequencing enabled a fast discovery of a major QTL controlling early flowering in cucumber, corresponding to the FT gene conditioning flowering time in Arabidopsis. Next-generation sequencing technologies are making it faster and more efficient to establish the association of agronomic traits with molecular markers or candidate genes, which is the requirement for marker-assisted selection in molecular breeding. Early flowering is an important agronomic trait in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), but the underlying genetic mechanism is unknown. In this study, we identified a candidate gene for early flowering QTL, Ef1.1 through QTL-seq. Segregation analysis in F-2 and BC1 populations derived from a cross between two inbred lines "Muromskij" (early flowering) and "9930" (late flowering) suggested quantitative nature of flowering time in cucumber. Genome-wide comparison of SNP profiles between the early and late-flowering bulks constructed from F-2 plants identified a major QTL, designated Ef1.1 on cucumber chromosome 1 for early flowering in Muromskij, which was confirmed by microsatellite marker-based classical QTL mapping in the F-2 population. Joint QTL-seq and traditional QTL analysis delimited Ef1.1 to an 890 kb genomic region. A cucumber gene, Csa1G651710, was identified in this region, which is a homolog of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), the main flowering switch gene in Arabidopsis. Quantitative RT-PCR study of the expression level of Csa1G651710 revealed significantly higher expression in early flowering genotypes. Data presented here provide support for Csa1G651710 as a possible candidate gene for early flowering in the cucumber line Muromskij. C1 [Lu, Hongfeng; Lin, Tao; Klein, Joel; Wang, Shenhao; Qi, Jianjian; Zhou, Qian; Sun, Jinjing; Zhang, Zhonghua; Huang, Sanwen] CAAS, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Hort Crops, Sinodutch Joint Lab Hort Genom, Minist Agr,Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Klein, Joel] Wageningen Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Mol Biol Lab, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Weng, Yiqun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit,ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Huang, SW (reprint author), CAAS, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Hort Crops, Sinodutch Joint Lab Hort Genom, Minist Agr,Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM huangsanwen@caas.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC: 31225025]; National Program on Key Basic Research Projects in China (The 973 Program) [2012CB113900]; National High Tech Research Development Program in China (The 863 Program) [2010AA10A108, 2012AA100101]; Chinese Ministry of Finance [1251610601001] FX This work was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC: 31225025), the National Program on Key Basic Research Projects in China (The 973 Program: 2012CB113900), the National High Tech Research Development Program in China (The 863 Program: 2010AA10A108, 2012AA100101), and the Chinese Ministry of Finance (1251610601001). NR 39 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 18 U2 109 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 127 IS 7 BP 1491 EP 1499 DI 10.1007/s00122-014-2313-z PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA AK7VC UT WOS:000338634800002 PM 24845123 ER PT J AU Rouse, MN Talbert, LE Singh, D Sherman, JD AF Rouse, Matthew N. Talbert, Luther E. Singh, Davinder Sherman, Jamie D. TI Complementary epistasis involving Sr12 explains adult plant resistance to stem rust in Thatcher wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; MULTIPLE FUNGAL PATHOGENS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RACE UG99; SPRING WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; SOUTH-AFRICA AB Quantitative trait loci conferring adult plant resistance to Ug99 stem rust in Thatcher wheat display complementary gene action suggesting multiple quantitative trait loci are needed for effective resistance. Adult plant resistance (APR) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is desirable because this resistance can be Pgt race non-specific. Resistance derived from cultivar Thatcher can confer high levels of APR to the virulent Pgt race TTKSK (Ug99) when combined with stem rust resistance gene Sr57 (Lr34). To identify the loci conferring APR in Thatcher, we evaluated 160 RILs derived from Thatcher crossed to susceptible cultivar McNeal for field stem rust reaction in Kenya for two seasons and in St. Paul for one season. All RILs and parents were susceptible as seedlings to race TTKSK. However, adult plant stem rust severities in Kenya varied from 5 to 80 %. Composite interval mapping identified four quantitative trait loci (QTL). Three QTL were inherited from Thatcher and one, Sr57, was inherited from McNeal. The markers closest to the QTL peaks were used in an ANOVA to determine the additive and epistatic effects. A QTL on 3BS was detected in all three environments and explained 27-35 % of the variation. The peak of this QTL was at the same location as the Sr12 seedling resistance gene effective to race SCCSC. Epistatic interactions were significant between Sr12 and QTL on chromosome arms 1AL and 2BS. Though Sr12 cosegregated with the largest effect QTL, lines with Sr12 were not always resistant. The data suggest that Sr12 or a linked gene, though not effective to race TTKSK alone, confers APR when combined with other resistance loci. C1 [Rouse, Matthew N.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rouse, Matthew N.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Talbert, Luther E.; Sherman, Jamie D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Singh, Davinder] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Rouse, MN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, 1551 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM matthew.rouse@ars.usda.gov RI Rouse, Matthew/G-5474-2011 FU USDA-ARS National Plant Disease Recovery System; Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat project - (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation); Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat project - (United Kingdom Department for International Development); USDA-AFRI Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project [2011-68002-30029] FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA-ARS National Plant Disease Recovery System, the Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat project (funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the United Kingdom Department for International Development), and the USDA-AFRI Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project (2011-68002-30029). We acknowledge the Computational Genetics Laboratory of the University of Minnesota Super-computing Institute for computational support. We are grateful to staff at the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute and at the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory for maintenance of field experiments. Mention of trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products and vendors that might also be suitable. NR 75 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 127 IS 7 BP 1549 EP 1559 DI 10.1007/s00122-014-2319-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA AK7VC UT WOS:000338634800007 PM 24838645 ER PT J AU Yu, LX Barbier, H Rouse, MN Singh, S Singh, RP Bhavani, S Huerta-Espino, J Sorrells, ME AF Yu, Long-Xi Barbier, Hugues Rouse, Matthew N. Singh, Sukhwinder Singh, Ravi P. Bhavani, Sridhar Huerta-Espino, Julio Sorrells, Mark E. TI A consensus map for Ug99 stem rust resistance loci in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; RACE UG99; BREAD WHEAT; CHROMOSOME LOCATION; DURUM-WHEAT; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; AESTIVUM L.; GENE; IDENTIFICATION AB This consensus map of stem rust genes, QTLs, and molecular markers will facilitate the identification of new resistance genes and provide a resource of in formation for development of new markers for breeding wheat varieties resistant to Ug99. The global effort to identify new sources of resistance to wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race group Ug99 has resulted in numerous studies reporting both qualitative genes and quantitative trait loci. The purpose of our study was to assemble all available information on loci associated with stem rust resistance from 21 recent studies on Triticum aestivum L. (bread wheat) and Triticum turgidum subsp. durum desf. (durum wheat). The software LPmerge was used to construct a stem rust resistance loci consensus wheat map with 1,433 markers incorporating Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Diversity Arrays Technology, Genotyping-by-Sequencing as well as Simple Sequence Repeat marker information. Most of the markers associated with stem rust resistance have been identified in more than one population. Several loci identified in these populations map to the same regions with known Sr genes including Sr2, SrND643, Sr25 and Sr57 (Lr34/Yr18/Pm38), while other significant markers were located in chromosome regions where no Sr genes have been previously reported. This consensus map provides a comprehensive source of information on 141 stem rust resistance loci conferring resistance to stem rust Ug99 as well as linked markers for use in marker-assisted selection. C1 [Yu, Long-Xi; Barbier, Hugues; Sorrells, Mark E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rouse, Matthew N.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rouse, Matthew N.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Singh, Sukhwinder; Singh, Ravi P.; Bhavani, Sridhar] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Texcoco 06600, Mexico. [Huerta-Espino, Julio] Campo Expt Valle Mexico INIFAP, Chapingo 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. RP Sorrells, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mes12@cornell.edu RI Rouse, Matthew/G-5474-2011; OI bhavani, sridhar/0000-0002-4091-2608 NR 64 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 127 IS 7 BP 1561 EP 1581 DI 10.1007/s00122-014-2326-7 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA AK7VC UT WOS:000338634800008 PM 24903979 ER PT J AU Yin, ZF Bi, WL Chen, L Zhao, B Volk, GM Wang, QC AF Yin, Zhen-Fang Bi, Wen-Lu Chen, Long Zhao, Bing Volk, Gayle M. Wang, Qiao-Chun TI An efficient, widely applicable cryopreservation of Lilium shoot tips by droplet vitrification SO ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE Adventitious shoot; Genetic stability; Lilies; Histological study ID BANANA MUSA SPP.; PLANT; MERISTEMS; EXPLANTS; CULTURES; VIRUSES; CELLS AB We report a straightforward and widely applicable cryopreservation method for Lilium shoot tips. This method uses adventitious shoots that were induced from leaf segments cultured for 4 weeks on a shoot regeneration medium containing 1 mg/l alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/l thidiazuron. Shoot tips (1.5-2 mm in length) including 2-3 leaf primordia were precultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS; 1962) medium with 0.5 M sucrose for 1 day and then treated with a loading solution containing 0.4 M sucrose and 2 M glycerol for 20 min, followed by a Plant Vitrification Solution 2 (PVS2) treatment for 4 h at 0 A degrees C. Dehydrated shoot tips were transferred onto 2.5 A mu l PVS2 droplets on aluminum foil strips, prior to a direct immersion into liquid nitrogen for 1 h. Frozen shoot tips were re-warmed in MS medium containing 1.2 M sucrose for 20 min at room temperature, followed by post-thaw culture for shoot regrowth. Shoot regrowth levels ranged from 42.5 % for L. longiflorum x Oriental 'Triumphator' to 87.5 % for L. Oriental hybrid 'Siberia', with a mean shoot regrowth level of 67.1 % across the six diverse Lilium genotypes tested. Histological observations found that the survival patterns were similar in cryopreserved shoot tips of 'Triumphator' and 'Siberia'. Assessments using inter-simple sequence repeat markers found no differences in regenerants recovered from the control stock cultures and from cryopreserved shoot tips in 'Triumphator' and 'Siberia'. This Lilium droplet-vitrification cryopreservation method is efficient, simple and widely applicable for the long-term conservation of lily genetic resources. C1 [Yin, Zhen-Fang; Bi, Wen-Lu; Chen, Long; Wang, Qiao-Chun] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Key Lab Genet Improvement Hort Crops Northwest Ch, Coll Hort, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Bing] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Key Lab Genet Improvement Hort Crops Northwest Ch, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Volk, Gayle M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Wang, QC (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Crop Stress Biol Arid Areas, Key Lab Genet Improvement Hort Crops Northwest Ch, Coll Hort, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM qiaochunwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn FU President Foundation of Northwest A&F University, China FX The present study is financially supported by the President Foundation of Northwest A&F University, China. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 34 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0137-5881 EI 1861-1664 J9 ACTA PHYSIOL PLANT JI Acta Physiol. Plant. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1683 EP 1692 DI 10.1007/s11738-014-1543-7 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AK2XJ UT WOS:000338283200008 ER PT J AU Sharratt, B Schillinger, WF AF Sharratt, Brenton Schillinger, William F. TI Windblown Dust Potential from Oilseed Cropping Systems in the Pacific Northwest United States SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA PLATEAU; WIND EROSION; SOIL; TILLAGE; FALLOW AB The volatility of petroleum reserves and prices coupled with concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and climate change has created worldwide interest in renewable fuels. Little is known, however, about the impact on natural resources of growing oilseed crops for biofuel. This study examined the impact of growing oilseed crops in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotations on wind erosion and emissions of particles 10 mm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) in eastern Washington, where atmospheric PM10 is an acute environmental concern. Wind erosion and PM10 emissions were measured immediately after sowing winter wheat in a winter wheat-summer fallow (WW-SF) rotation, a winter wheat-camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz]-summer fallow (WW-C-SF) rotation, and a winter wheat-safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)-summer fallow (WW-S-SF) rotation. Best management practices were implemented during the 13-mo fallow phase of the rotation, which included undercutting and fertilizing the soil in spring and rodweeding during summer to control weeds. A wind tunnel was used to assess horizontal sediment and PM10 flux after sowing wheat because this is the time when the soil is most susceptible to wind erosion. Horizontal sediment and PM10 flux were as much as 250% higher after sowing winter wheat in the WW-C-SF and WW-S-SF rotations than the WW-SF rotation. Vertical PM10 flux was higher in the WW-C-SF and WW-S-SF rotations, in part due to the aerodynamically smoother surface of these rotations compared with the WW-SF rotation. Farmers must be especially judicious in protecting the soil from wind erosion during the fallow phase of the WW-C-SF and WW-S-SF rotations. C1 [Sharratt, Brenton] ARS, USDA, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schillinger, William F.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Lind, WA 99341 USA. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Brenton.sharratt@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1147 EP 1152 DI 10.2134/agronj13.0384 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK4ZC UT WOS:000338432200004 ER PT J AU Sherrod, LA Ahuja, LR Hansen, NC Ascough, JC Westfall, DG Peterson, GA AF Sherrod, Lucretia A. Ahuja, Lajpat R. Hansen, Neil C. Ascough, James C., II Westfall, Dwayne G. Peterson, Gary A. TI Soil and Rainfall Factors Influencing Yields of a Dryland Cropping System in Colorado SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORN YIELD; WATER-USE; CLIMATIC CONDITIONS; PRECIPITATION USE; ORGANIC-MATTER; USE EFFICIENCY; GRAIN-YIELD; WHEAT YIELD; AGROECOSYSTEMS; VARIABILITY AB The semiarid U.S. Great Plains experiences a large variation in crop yields due to variability in rainfall, soil, and other factors. We analyzed (24-yr) yields from a no-till rotation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-corn (Zea mays L.) or sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-fallow at three sites, each with three soil types along a catena in Colorado. We investigated: (i) effects of soil organic carbon (SOC), length of slope (SL), and other soil properties on yields; and (ii) degree in which variability in annual yields are explained with water variables of rainfall during the fallow, vegetative and reproductive stages, and soil water at planting. Wheat and corn/sorghum yields were strongly related to soil properties (R-2 = 0.84; 0.97, respectively). Wheat yield regression had only SOC as a significant variable, whereas corn/sorghum had SOC and SL. Water factors explained 37 to 73% of annual variability in wheat yields at the site by soil level, 19 to 63% when pooled over soils within sites, and 35 to 40% pooled over all. For corn, the corresponding percentages were 16 to 64%, 26 to 57%, and 40 to 45%, respectively. Fallow rain made the highest contribution to R-2 in wheat whereas reproductive rain did for corn/sorghum. We conclude SOC is a stand-in for long-term effects of water availability on production, but other natural factors greatly influence the annual yield variability. Combining mean yields determined from soil properties with CV of pooled annual yields, we can estimate mean and standard deviation of yields. C1 [Sherrod, Lucretia A.; Ahuja, Lajpat R.; Ascough, James C., II] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hansen, Neil C.; Westfall, Dwayne G.; Peterson, Gary A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sherrod, LA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lucretia.sherrod@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1179 EP 1192 DI 10.2134/agronj13.0520 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK4ZC UT WOS:000338432200008 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM AF Sainju, Upendra M. TI Cropping Sequence and Nitrogen Fertilization Impact on Surface Residue, Soil Carbon Sequestration, and Crop Yields SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; NO-TILL; DRYLAND RESIDUE; SPRING WHEAT; SYSTEMS; ROTATION; AGROECOSYSTEM; INTENSITY AB To determine farm C credit and reduce global warming potential, information is needed on the effect of management practices on soil C storage. The effects of tillage, cropping sequence, and N fertilization were evaluated on dryland crop biomass, surface residue C, and soil organic carbon (SOC) at the 0- to 120-cm depth in a Williams loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid, Typic Argiustolls) and their relationships with grain yields from 2006 to 2011 in eastern Montana. Treatments were no-till continuous malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (NTCB), no-till malt barley-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTB-P), no-till malt barley-fallow (NTB-F), and conventional till malt barley-fallow (CTB-F), each with 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha(-1). Annualized crop grain and biomass yields, surface residue amount, and C contents were greater in NTB-P and NTCB than CTB-F and NTB-F and increased with increased N rates. At 0 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm, SOC was greater in NTB-P than CTB-F or NTCB with 40 kg N ha(-1) and at 10 to 30 and 0 to 120 cm was greater in NTB-P than NTCB with 120 kg N ha(-1). Surface residue C and SOC were related with grain yield and C content (R-2 = 0.21-0.55, P <= 0.10, n = 16). Greater amount of crop residue returned to the soil and turnover rate probably increased surface residue C, soil C storage, and crop yields in NTB-P with 40 and 120 kg N ha(-1) than the other treatments. Soil organic matter and crop yields can be enhanced by using NTB-P with 40 kg N ha(-1). C1 ARS, USDA, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 North Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS GRACEnet Project FX I sincerely acknowledge the excellent support provided by Joy Barsotti, Johnny Rieger, and Christopher Russell for plot layout, collection of soil and plant samples in the field, and analysis in the laboratory. I am also grateful for the help provided by Mark Gaffri and Michael Johnson for managing the experimental plots that included tillage, fertilization, planting, herbicide and pesticide application, and harvest. I also acknowledge to USDA-ARS GRACEnet Project for providing part of the funding to conduct this experiment. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1231 EP 1242 DI 10.2134/agronj14.0026 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK4ZC UT WOS:000338432200014 ER PT J AU Holland, S Howard, A Heitman, JL Sauer, TJ Giese, W Sutton, TB Agam, N Ben-Gal, A Havlin, J AF Holland, S. Howard, A. Heitman, J. L. Sauer, T. J. Giese, W. Sutton, T. B. Agam, N. Ben-Gal, A. Havlin, J. TI Implications of Tall Fescue for Inter-Row Water Dynamics in a Vineyard SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POWDERY MILDEW; VITIS-VINIFERA; ENERGY-BALANCE; MIDDAY LEAF; AIR-FLOW; SOIL; SURFACE; MANAGEMENT; COVER; GRAPE AB Vineyards in the southeastern United States face challenges including poor internal soil drainage, high precipitation, and warm temperatures. This environment causes elevated humidity, creating ideal conditions for fungal diseases. Maintaining tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus Shreb) and resident vegetation ground cover in vineyard inter-rows is a common cultural practice in the region, believed to benefit grape (Vitis vinifera L.) production by increasing competition for soil water and thereby favorably reducing vine vegetative growth. We hypothesized that, although inter-row fescue may reduce soil water availability, it may also increase humidity within the vineyard. Our objectives were to assess surface vapor flux from two inter-row treatments (bare soil and tall fescue) and to determine any corresponding effects on soil water content and humidity within the inter-row. Surface vapor flux, soil water content, and vapor pressure (30 cm height aboveground) were measured in inter-rows subjected to each treatment. Observed surface vapor flux for fescue inter-row exceeded that of bare soil by a daily average of 1.1 mm during the grape growing season. Despite fescue inter-row evapotranspiration (ET), soil water depletion was insufficient to produce stress in the vines. Fescue inter-row vapor pressure increased compared to bare soil inter-rows by an average of 2% (P < 0.09) during the growing season. Data suggest that fescue ET may increase inter-row humidity in warm, humid environments, while providing only modest influence on soil water availability. Additional work including increased plot size to accommodate fetch for microclimate measurements, and biological assessment of humidity implications for disease is warranted. C1 [Holland, S.; Howard, A.; Heitman, J. L.; Havlin, J.] NC State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sauer, T. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Giese, W.] Shelton Vineyards, Dobson, NC 27017 USA. [Sutton, T. B.] NC State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Agam, N.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, French Associates Inst Agr & Biotechnol Drylands, IL-84990 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Ben-Gal, A.] ARO Gilat Res Ctr, IL-85280 Negev, Israel. RP Heitman, JL (reprint author), NC State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jlheitman@ncsu.edu OI Agam, Nurit/0000-0002-8921-6179 FU Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [BARD US-4262-09] FX This study was supported by the Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD US-4262-09). The authors gratefully thank Shelton Vineyards for providing the vineyard study site and for assisting with site maintenance. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1267 EP 1274 DI 10.2134/agronj13.0488 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK4ZC UT WOS:000338432200018 ER PT J AU Choe, E Williams, MM Boydston, RA Huber, JL Huber, SC Pataky, JK AF Choe, Eunsoo Williams, Martin M., II Boydston, Rick A. Huber, Joan L. Huber, Steven C. Pataky, Jerald K. TI Photosystem II-Inhibitors Play a Limited Role in Sweet Corn Response to 4-Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase-Inhibiting Herbicides SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME P450-METABOLIZED HERBICIDES; COMMON GENETIC-BASIS; CROSS-SENSITIVITY; APPLIED POSTEMERGENCE; ATRAZINE RESISTANCE; WEED MANAGEMENT; VARIED LEVELS; MESOTRIONE; COMBINATIONS; NICOSULFURON AB Postemergence (POST) application of 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors in combination with a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor, such as atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N9-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], is common practice in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) production. Given the sensitivity of sweet corn to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides, the objective of this work was to determine the extent to which cytochrome P450 (CYP) genotype and PSII-inhibitors affect crop sensitivity to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides. Greenhouse experiments were used to identify PSII-inhibitors that were least injurious when combined with the HPPD-inhibitors, mesotrione [2-(4-mesyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-3-hydroxycylohex-2-enone], tembotrione {2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) methyl] benzoyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione}, and topramezone {[3-(4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl)-2-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl](5-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methanone}. Subsequently, HPPD-inhibitors were tested individually with PSII-inhibitors atrazine, or bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one2,2-dioxide], or alone in field experiments on all three CYP genotypic classes; hybrids homozygous for mutant CYP alleles (cypcyp), hybrids homozygous for functional alleles (CYPCYP), and heterozygous hybrids (CYPcyp). Leaf bleaching within 1 wk of herbicide application increased when a PSII-inhibitor was combined with an HPPD-inhibitor; however, the relatively low level of injury was short-lived. Tank mixing atrazine to mesotrione, tembotrione, or topramezone in sweet corn did not increase risk of yield loss compared to HPPD-inhibitor applied alone. The synergistic effect on weed control between certain PSII-and HPPD-inhibitor combinations reported previously does not hold true regarding sweet corn sensitivity to these herbicides. Among three HPPD-inhibitors tested in sweet corn, topramezone was the safest, regardless of PSII combination. Mutant CYP alleles, namely CYPcyp and cypcyp hybrids, are the main cause of sweet corn sensitivity to mesotrione, tembotrione, and other CYP-metabolized herbicides; therefore, breeding efforts to eliminate mutant CYP alleles should remain a high priority. C1 [Choe, Eunsoo; Williams, Martin M., II; Huber, Steven C.] ARS, USDA, Global Change & Photosynth Res, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Boydston, Rick A.] ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Huber, Joan L.; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Huber, Steven C.; Pataky, Jerald K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Choe, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Global Change & Photosynth Res, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM echoe1@illinois.edu NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1317 EP 1323 DI 10.2134/agronj13.0570 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK4ZC UT WOS:000338432200023 ER PT J AU Rajan, N Puppala, N Maas, S Payton, P Nuti, R AF Rajan, Nithya Puppala, Naveen Maas, Stephan Payton, Paxton Nuti, Russell TI Aerial Remote Sensing of Peanut Ground Cover SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FRACTIONAL VEGETATION COVER; LEAF-AREA INDEX; WINTER-WHEAT; TEMPERATURE; BIOMASS; COTTON; CROPS; YIELD; NDVI AB Remote sensing is an effective method for estimating ground cover (GC) of crops. In this study, we compared two methods for estimating the GC of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.). The methods are based on two different vegetation indices, perpendicular vegetation index (PVI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We also investigated the use of generalized expressions for the bare soil line and 100% GC point for use in evaluating GC using the PVI method. The field was planted to four varieties of peanuts in two different planting patterns (single and twin rows). High resolution red and near infrared (NIR) images of the study field were collected using the Texas Tech Airborne Multispectral Remote Sensing System (TTAMRSS) on three cloud-free days during the 2009 growing season. Field measurements of GC were used to compare the two approaches (PVI vs. NDVI). Results showed that GC estimated using the PVI method was in good agreement with corresponding observed values over the range of GC values observed in this study (around 35-95% GC). The NDVI-based method did not perform as well as the PVI-based method. An additional finding was that general information involving soil and plant canopy reflectance characteristics obtained from previous studies could be used in the PVI-based method without significant loss of accuracy. These results support the use of the PVI-based method for estimating GC of field crops, and show that previously obtained information regarding soil and plant reflectance characteristics can be effectively incorporated into this methodology. C1 [Rajan, Nithya] Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Vernon, TX 76384 USA. [Puppala, Naveen] New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Ctr, Clovis, NM 88101 USA. [Maas, Stephan] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Payton, Paxton] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Nuti, Russell] Dow AgroSci LLC, Shellman, GA 39886 USA. RP Rajan, N (reprint author), Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Vernon, TX 76384 USA. EM nrajan@ag.tamu.edu RI Rajan, Nithya/N-1472-2014 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1358 EP 1364 DI 10.2134/agronj13.0532 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK4ZC UT WOS:000338432200028 ER PT J AU Torino, MS Ortiz, BV Fulton, JP Balkcom, KS Wood, CW AF Torino, Miguel S. Ortiz, Brenda V. Fulton, John P. Balkcom, Kipling S. Wood, C. Wesley TI Evaluation of Vegetation Indices for Early Assessment of Corn Status and Yield Potential in the Southeastern United States SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; TERRESTRIAL CHLOROPHYLL INDEX; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; IN-SEASON PREDICTION; REMOTE ESTIMATION; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; GRAIN-YIELD; CROP; FERTILIZATION; DEFICIENCY AB The use of crop canopy sensors for variable rate nitrogen (VRN) application in corn (Zea mays L.) production across the southeastern United States implies assessment of corn N status as early as the V6 growth stage. Our goals were to identify vegetation indices (VIs) that best: (i) correlate with plant status variables such as leaf area index (LAI) and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) and (ii) predict corn grain yield at early growth stages. An N fertilization study was conducted between 2010 and 2012 at three Alabama sites. Six N fertilizer rates (0-280 kg N ha(-1) on 56 kg N ha(-1) increments) were applied at planting. Data collected at V6, V8, V10 vegetative growth stages were leaf Chl, LAI, and spectral reflectance. Data showed that corn N response could be influenced by the rainfall pre- and post-N application as well as the soil texture. Among 11 vegetation indices evaluated through a canonical correlation analysis, the normalized difference red-edge (NDRE), Chl index red-edge [CI (RE)], simple ratio red-edge [SR (RE)], and inverse simple ratio red-edge [ISR (RE)] had the strong correlation with plant status variables. Vegetation index-based corn yield prediction was the lowest at V6 and the highest at V10 stage. At V8 and V10 stages, the yield models based on NDRE, CI (RE), or SR (RE) explained most of yield variation. These results indicated that early season estimation of crop N status and yield potential may be more accurate if red-edge vegetation indices are used. C1 [Torino, Miguel S.; Ortiz, Brenda V.] Auburn Univ, Crop Soil & Environm Sci Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Fulton, John P.] Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Balkcom, Kipling S.] USDA ARS, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Wood, C. Wesley] Univ Florida, West Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Jay, FL 32565 USA. RP Ortiz, BV (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Crop Soil & Environm Sci Dept, 201 Funches Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bortiz@auburn.edu FU AAES Hatch/Multistate Funding Program; Alabama Wheat and Feed Grain Committee; USDA-NIFA [ALA012-4-09034] FX This work was supported by the AAES Hatch/Multistate Funding Program with the awarded project "Improving Nitrogen Stewardship in Alabama Corn Production through Sensing Technologies", the Alabama Wheat and Feed Grain Committee, and the USDA-NIFA project ALA012-4-09034. We thank all the summer student workers for their hard summer work in collecting samples. Special thanks go to Hunter Stone for his assistance with data collection. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1389 EP 1401 DI 10.2134/agronj13.0578 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK4ZC UT WOS:000338432200032 ER PT J AU Han, K Yang, Y Zhou, CJ Shangguan, YX Zhang, L Li, N Wang, LQ AF Han, Kun Yang, Yang Zhou, Chunju Shangguan, Yuxian Zhang, Liang Li, Na Wang, Linquan TI Management of Furrow Irrigation and Nitrogen Application on Summer Maize SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROOT-ZONE IRRIGATION; NORTH CHINA PLAIN; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; YIELD RESPONSE; FERTILIZER; ALTERNATE; WHEAT; CORN; ROTATION AB The efficient use of water and N represents a primary concern to agricultural production in Northwest China. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of irrigation and fertilization on water and N use, soil volatilized NH3, soil NO3 leaching, and NO3 transfer in soil profiles. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted to assess the separation of N fertilizer and water with alternating furrow irrigation (SNWAFI) and conventional irrigation and fertilization (CIF) in a maize (Zea mays L.) production system. The yields with SNWAFI were 10 to 16% greater than with CIF. Compared with CIF, SNWAFI increased water use efficiencies (WUEs) by 13 to 33%, agronomic efficiency of fertilizer N by 36 to 56%, and NO3--N in the upper soil layers (0-60 cm) by 30 to 60%. However, SNWAFI reduced NO3--N in the deeper soil layers (60-200 cm) by 8 to 44% compared with CIF. The use of SNWAFI also decreased soil NH3 emission with the combination with lower irrigation (40 mm) and N rate (100 kg N ha(-1)), which indicated that SNWAFI emitted less soil NH3 than CIF. Therefore, compared with CIF, SNWAFI increased maize yield WUE and N use efficiency, reduced N leaching, and curtailed soil NH3 loss with appropriate irrigation and N rates. The use of SNWAFI, leading to better spatial management of irrigation water and N application, can provide both agronomic and environmental benefits. C1 [Han, Kun; Yang, Yang; Shangguan, Yuxian; Zhang, Liang; Li, Na; Wang, Linquan] Northwest A&F Univ, Resources & Environm Coll, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Han, Kun] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zhou, Chunju] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Life & Sci, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Wang, LQ (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, Resources & Environm Coll, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM linquanw@nwsuaf.edu.cn NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1402 EP 1410 DI 10.2134/agronj13.0367 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK4ZC UT WOS:000338432200033 ER PT J AU Netthisinghe, AMP Woosley, PB Gilfillen, B Cook, KL Sistani, KR AF Netthisinghe, Annesly M. P. Woosley, Paul B. Gilfillen, Becky Cook, Kimberly L. Sistani, Karamat R. TI Nutrient Source and Tillage Impacts on Tall Fescue Production and Soil Properties SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BROILER LITTER APPLICATION; CATTLE MANURE APPLICATIONS; TERM LAND APPLICATION; DAIRY MANURE; POULTRY LITTER; NO-TILLAGE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ORGANIC-CARBON; ALFALFA-ORCHARDGRASS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER AB Tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] provides a major forage base for livestock production in the southeastern United States. Forage production using manure helps recycle nutrients with fewer environmental impacts. This study examined tall fescue forage production and soil chemical properties when using broiler litter (BL), dairy manure (DMN), commercial fertilizer (CF), and a control (UTC) treatment in no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems. Forage nutritive values and majority of soil properties were not different in DMN, BL, and CF treatments. Herbage harvested was similar in BL and CF (9.3 and 8.1 Mg ha(-1)); DMN and UTC (6.6 and 5.6 Mg ha(-1)). Forage nutritive values in DMN and UTC were similar. Greater forage Cu and Zn contents were observed in BL and CF when compared to DMN and UTC. The soil pH of DMN treatment was 0.3 to 0.4 units higher than BL and CF. Soil organic matter (SOM) levels in all fertilizer treatments were similar (30.0-32.0 g kg(-1)). Broiler litter addition increased soil test P by 87%, NO3-N by 33%, and Cu by 30%, and Zn by 76%. The soil properties in DMN treatment did not change significantly. Tillage did not impact soil properties except for Fe; NDF (2012), Cu (2011), and Zn (2011). The results indicated that both broiler litter and dairy manure application can produce just as much herbage mass as commercial fertilizers with similar nutritive value. When manure is applied to meet crop N requirement, BL caused more intense soil nutrient loading than DMN. C1 [Netthisinghe, Annesly M. P.; Woosley, Paul B.; Gilfillen, Becky] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Agr, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Cook, Kimberly L.; Sistani, Karamat R.] USDA ARS, Food Anim Environm Syst Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Netthisinghe, AMP (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Agr, Coll Hts Blvd 41066, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. EM annesly.netthisinghe@wku.edu FU USDA-ARS FX Authors wish to acknowledge the USDA-ARS for funding this research. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1427 EP 1437 DI 10.2134/agronj13.0564 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK4ZC UT WOS:000338432200036 ER PT J AU Lenssen, AW Sainju, UM Jabro, JD Iversen, WM Allen, BL Evans, RG AF Lenssen, A. W. Sainju, U. M. Jabro, J. D. Iversen, W. M. Allen, B. L. Evans, R. G. TI Crop Diversification, Tillage, and Management System Influence Spring Wheat Yield and Water Use SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SEMIARID MONTANA; 2-YEAR ROTATIONS; WEED MANAGEMENT; WINTER-WHEAT; NITROGEN USE; PULSE CROPS; NO-TILL; SEQUENCE AB Depleted soil quality, decreased water availability, and increased weed competition constrain spring wheat production in the northern Great Plains. New management systems are necessary for improved crop productivity. The objective of our study was to compare productivity and soil water use of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in four crop rotations (continuous wheat, wheat-pea [Pisum sativum L.], wheat-forage barley [Hordeum vulgaris L.]-pea, and wheat-forage barley-corn [Zea mays L.]-pea) in two tillage (tilled and no-till) and management systems (conventional and ecological). Conventional management included recommended seed rates, early planting date, and broadcast N fertilization. Ecological management included variable seed rates, delayed planting, banded N fertilization, and increased stubble height. Spring wheat in diversified rotations averaged 35 mm greater preplant soil water content, 37 mm greater water use, 0.8 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) greater water use efficiency, and 473 kg ha(-1) and 817 kg ha(-1) greater grain and biomass yields than continuous wheat. Wheat in conventional management averaged 28 fewer heads m(-2), 4 additional seed head(-1), and 2 mg seed(-1) heavier seed weight than wheat under ecological management, resulting in 644 kg ha(-1) greater yield. Wheat under ecological management used 8 mm more water, but water use efficiency was 2.6 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) greater under conventional management. Postharvest soil water content was similar among rotations, tillage, and management systems, suggesting that wheat uses most available soil water. Spring wheat in diversified rotations planted early in the season is more resilient and should confer greater production stability than continuous wheat systems planted late. C1 [Lenssen, A. W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sainju, U. M.; Jabro, J. D.; Iversen, W. M.; Allen, B. L.; Evans, R. G.] USDA ARS, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Lenssen, AW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, 2104 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM alenssen@iastate.edu NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1445 EP 1454 DI 10.2134/agronj14.0119 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK4ZC UT WOS:000338432200038 ER PT J AU Reese, CL Clay, DE Clay, SA Bich, AD Kennedy, AC Hansen, SA Moriles, J AF Reese, Cheryl L. Clay, David E. Clay, Sharon A. Bich, Alex D. Kennedy, Ann C. Hansen, Stephanie A. Moriles, Janet TI Winter Cover Crops Impact on Corn Production in Semiarid Regions SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; YIELD; SOIL; NITROGEN; GROWTH; WATER; MANAGEMENT; INSIGHTS; QUALITY; SEQUESTRATION AB Winter cover crops have produced mixed impacts on crop yields in frigid semiarid environments. Our objective was to determine the influence of winter cover crops and landscape positions on corn (Zea mays L.) yield losses due to water and N stress, soil biology, and gene expression. Following wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cover crop mixtures were drill seeded into three no-till fields. In the following spring, four N fertilizer rates were applied and corn was no-till seeded. The cover crop had fundamentally different impacts on corn yields at Trail City and Andover in 2011. Both sites were water stressed and responded to N fertilizer; however, at Andover 2011 the cover crop reduced corn yields, while at Trail City 2011 the cover crop did not impact yields. The yield reduction at Andover 2011 was attributed to high cover crop production (>2000 kg ha(-1)), which reduced soil water 15% in the 30- to 60-cm soil depth in November 2010, and in the following growing season increased corn yield loss due to water stress from 1610 to 2950 kg grain ha(-1). Associated with the yield reduction was down expression of two mineral nutrient genes (NCBI, AF325723.1 and APO05869.3) and one gene associated with energy processing (AF325723.1). The cover crops reduced the relative amount of soil NO3 at four of the six landscape positions and increased the relative bacteria/fungi ratio in 2011. These findings indicate that cover crops after winter wheat can be an important mechanism for scavenging N in semiarid frigid environments; however, adopting techniques that generate high cover crop yields can adversely influence the following cash crop. C1 [Reese, Cheryl L.; Clay, David E.; Clay, Sharon A.; Bich, Alex D.; Hansen, Stephanie A.; Moriles, Janet] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Kennedy, Ann C.] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Clay, DE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM david.clay@sdstate.edu FU South Dakota Corn Utilization Council; South Dakota Soybean Research and Promotion Council; South Dakota State University; USDA-NRCS-CIG program FX Funding was provided by the South Dakota Corn Utilization Council, South Dakota Soybean Research and Promotion Council, South Dakota State University, and the USDA-NRCS-CIG program. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1479 EP 1488 DI 10.2134/agronj13.0540 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AK4ZC UT WOS:000338432200042 ER PT J AU Daniel, HM Lachance, MA Kurtzman, CP AF Daniel, Heide-Marie Lachance, Marc-Andre Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI On the reclassification of species assigned to Candida and other anamorphic ascomycetous yeast genera based on phylogenetic circumscription SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Candida; Reclassification; Ascomycetous yeasts; Dual nomenclature; Melbourne Code ID BASIDIOCARP-FEEDING BEETLES; MULTIGENE SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SP-NOV.; GEN. NOV.; SP. NOV.; COMB. NOV.; SACCHAROMYCOTINA ASCOMYCOTA; FAMILY TRICHOMONASCACEAE; THAILAND; CLADE AB Multigene phylogenies have been instrumental in revising the classification of ascosporic (teleomorph) yeasts in a natural system based on lines of descent. Although many taxonomic changes have already been implemented for teleomorph taxa, this is not yet the case for the large genus Candida and smaller anascosporic (anamorph) genera. In view of the recently introduced requirement that a fungal species or higher taxon be assigned only a single valid name under the new International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), the current species of Candida and other anamorph yeast genera must undergo revision to make genus membership consistent with phylogenetic affinities. A review of existing data and analyses shows that certain Candida species may be assigned to teleomorph genera with high confidence using multigene phylogenies. Candida species that form well-circumscribed phylogenetic clades without any teleomorph member justify the creation of new genera. However, a considerable number of Candida species sit at the end of isolated and often long branches, and hence cannot be assigned to larger species groups. They should be maintained in Candida sensu lato until studied by multigene analyses in datasets with comprehensive taxon sampling. The principle of name stability has to be honoured to the largest extent compatible with a natural classification of Candida species. C1 [Daniel, Heide-Marie] Catholic Univ Louvain, Mycotheque Univ Catholique Louvain BCCM MUCL, Earth & Life Inst, Mycol Lab, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Lachance, Marc-Andre] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Kurtzman, Cletus P.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Daniel, HM (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Mycotheque Univ Catholique Louvain BCCM MUCL, Earth & Life Inst, Mycol Lab, Croix Sud 2 Bte L7-05-06, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. EM heide-marie.daniel@uclouvain.be FU Belgian Federal Science Policy [BCCM C4/10/017]; Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada FX We acknowledge funding by the Belgian Federal Science Policy (BCCM C4/10/017) to HMD and by the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada to MAL. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 142 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 EI 1572-9699 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD JUL PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 SI SI BP 67 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s10482-014-0170-z PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AK3KG UT WOS:000338321700006 PM 24748333 ER PT J AU Chaimanee, V Chantawannakul, P Chen, YP Evans, JD Pettis, JS AF Chaimanee, Veeranan Chantawannakul, Panuwan Chen, Yanping Evans, Jay D. Pettis, Jeffery S. TI Effects of host age on susceptibility to infection and immune gene expression in honey bee queens (Apis mellifera) inoculated with Nosema ceranae SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Nosema ceranae; honey bee queen; Apis mellifera; supersedure; immunity ID MICROSPORIDIAN PARASITE; VITELLOGENIN; PHAGOCYTOSIS; HYMENOPTERA; LONGEVITY; EVOLUTION; EUROPE; APIDAE; EATER AB Nosema ceranae is a microsporidium parasite infecting honey bees worldwide. All colony members including workers, drones, and queens can become infected. In this study, we inoculated queens of age 1, 6, and 12 days post-adult emergence, with N. ceranae spores of different doses and allowed them to age an additional 12 days. The results indicated that younger queens were indeed more susceptible to N. ceranae inoculation than older queens. Moreover, this is the first report of the effects of N. ceranae inoculation on immune gene expression in queens of different ages. Our results demonstrated that the expression of genes related to the bee immunity apidaecin, eater, and vitellogenin in the gut and the remaining abdomen was different among queens of different ages when inoculated with N. ceranae. All three ages of queens inoculated by N. ceranae showed upregulation of apidaecin in gut tissue 6 days after inoculation, but only in queens aged 1 day post-emergence were the differences significant. However, transcript levels of eater were increased in all three ages of queens when sampled on day 12, and significant differences were obtained in queens inoculated at 6 and 12 days post-emergence. We clearly show that immune responses to N. ceranae changes as queen age and this knowledge may provide clues for understanding the ability of queens to resist infection by this gut parasite. C1 [Chaimanee, Veeranan] Maejo Univ, Sect Biotechnol, Rong Kwang 54140, Phrae, Thailand. [Chantawannakul, Panuwan] Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Biol, Bee Protect Ctr, Fac Sci, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [Chantawannakul, Panuwan] Chiang Mai Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr, Fac Sci, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [Chen, Yanping; Evans, Jay D.; Pettis, Jeffery S.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 306 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jeff.pettis@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 FU Office of the Higher Education Commission, Thailand; Thailand Research Fund [BRG 5580013]; National Research University; Office of Higher Education Commission; USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory FX V.C. was supported by a grant under the program of Strategic Scholarships for Frontier Research Network for the Joint Ph.D. Program Thai Doctoral degree from the Office of the Higher Education Commission, Thailand. We thank the Thailand Research Fund (BRG 5580013), National Research University, Office of Higher Education Commission, and the USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory for financial support. We thank M. Hamilton, D. Lopez, V. Levi, and N. Rice for their excellent technical help with the project. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 55 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 EI 1297-9678 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL PY 2014 VL 45 IS 4 BP 451 EP 463 DI 10.1007/s13592-013-0258-x PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AK1YY UT WOS:000338216700006 ER PT J AU Claeson, SM LeRoy, CJ Barry, JR Kuehn, KA AF Claeson, Shannon M. LeRoy, Carri J. Barry, Jacob R. Kuehn, Kevin A. TI Impacts of invasive riparian knotweed on litter decomposition, aquatic fungi, and macroinvertebrates SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Bohemian knotweed; Japanese knotweed; Polygonum; Fallopia; Freshwater; Exotic ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; LEAF-LITTER; JAPANESE KNOTWEED; FALLOPIA-JAPONICA; VEGETATIVE REGENERATION; STREAM; PLANT; POLYGONACEAE; TRAITS; INVERTEBRATES AB Bohemian knotweed (Polygonum 9 bohemicum), the hybrid between Japanese and giant knotweed, is the most common invasive knotweed species in western North America and the most difficult to control. Invasive knotweed congeners spread aggressively along streams and establish dense monotypic stands, reducing riparian plant species diversity. Allochthonous organic matter inputs from riparian plants are an important source of energy and nutrients for organisms in small streams. However, little information exists concerning the influence of knotweed on stream processes. This study examines the quality of Bohemian knotweed leaves compared to native red alder and black cottonwood leaves, along with leaf-associated fungal biomass accumulation, macroinvertebrate communities, and decay rates from three forested streams in western Washington State. Senesced knotweed leaves were lower in nitrogen and phosphorus, and higher in cellulose, fiber, and lignin content than alder leaves, but were more similar to cottonwood leaves. Fungal biomass differed among species and changed over time. Macroinvertebrate shredders collected from leaf packs after 31 days were proportionately more abundant on alder leaves than knotweed and cottonwood. Decay rates were not significantly different among leaf species, but during the first 31 days alder broke down faster than knotweed. After 56 days, all of the leaf packs were mostly decomposed. Overall, these findings do not show major discrepancies between leaf species except those related to initial litter structural and chemical quality. However, changes in the timing and quantity of litter inputs are also important factors to be considered in understanding the impact of invasive knotweed on stream ecosystem processes. C1 [Claeson, Shannon M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [LeRoy, Carri J.] Evergreen State Coll, Environm Studies Program, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Barry, Jacob R.; Kuehn, Kevin A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Claeson, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM sclaeson@fs.fed.us; LeroyC@evergreen.edu; jacob.barry@eagles.usm.edu; kevin.kuehn@usm.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; National Science Foundation (Division of Biological Infrastructure) [DBI-0923063] FX This research was supported by funding and support from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, and the National Science Foundation (Division of Biological Infrastructure DBI-0923063). The study was conducted in collaboration with The Evergreen State College's "Environmental Analysis'' 2010-2011 class and we would like to thank all students. In addition, we would like to thank the following individuals for extended help in the field and/or laboratory: Diane Coughlin, Tamara Cowles, Ben Leonard, Caitlin Reece, Steven Scott, and Rong Su. Dr. Clyde Barlow, Dr. Abir Biswas, Jenna Nelson and Evergreen's Lab Stores provided valuable support for this project. We are grateful to Dr. Pat Cunningham for advice on statistical analyses and to the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the draft manuscript. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 105 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2014 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1531 EP 1544 DI 10.1007/s10530-013-0589-6 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK5DP UT WOS:000338445000016 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Schanler, RJ Lee, ML Rechtman, DJ AF Abrams, Steven A. Schanler, Richard J. Lee, Martin L. Rechtman, David J. CA Prolacta Study Grp TI Greater Mortality and Morbidity in Extremely Preterm Infants Fed a Diet Containing Cow Milk Protein Products SO BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXTREMELY PREMATURE-INFANTS; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; NEONATAL SEPSIS; WEIGHT INFANTS; COSTS; RISK AB Background: Provision of human milk has important implications for the health and outcomes of extremely preterm (EP) infants. This study evaluated the effects of an exclusive human milk diet on the health of EP infants during their stay in the neonatal intensive care unit. Subjects and Methods: EP infants <1,250 g birth weight received a diet consisting of either human milk fortified with a human milk protein-based fortifier (HM) (n = 167) or a diet containing variable amounts of milk containing cow milk-based protein (CM) (n = 93). Principal outcomes were mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), growth, and duration of parenteral nutrition (PN). Results: Mortality (2% versus 8%, p = 0.004) and NEC (5% versus 17%, p = 0.002) differed significantly between the HM and CM groups, respectively. For every 10% increase in the volume of milk containing CM, the risk of sepsis increased by 17.9% (p < 0.001). Growth rates were similar between groups. The duration of PN was 8 days less in the subgroup of infants receiving a diet containing < 10% CM versus >= 10% CM (p < 0.02). Conclusions: An exclusive human milk diet, devoid of CM-containing products, was associated with lower mortality and morbidity in EP infants without compromising growth and should be considered as an approach to nutritional care of these infants. C1 [Abrams, Steven A.] ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Houston, TX USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Schanler, Richard J.] Cohen Childrens Med Ctr New York, Manhasset, NY USA. [Schanler, Richard J.] Hofstra North Shore LIJ Sch Med, Hempstead, NY USA. [Lee, Martin L.; Rechtman, David J.] Prolacta Biosci, City Of Industry, CA USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU Prolacta Bioscience FX Prolacta Bioscience paid for the clinical studies discussed in this article. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1556-8253 EI 1556-8342 J9 BREASTFEED MED JI Breastfeed. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1089/bfm.2014.0024 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA AK0VW UT WOS:000338135200002 PM 24867268 ER PT J AU Pothula, AK Igathinathane, C Kronberg, S Hendrickson, J AF Pothula, Anand Kumar Igathinathane, C. Kronberg, S. Hendrickson, J. TI Digital image processing based identification of nodes and internodes of chopped biomass stems SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Algorithm development; Biomass processing; Grading and sorting; Gray value; Machine vision; MATLAB ID FOOD QUALITY EVALUATION; MACHINE VISION; COMPUTER VISION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; SWITCHGRASS; INSPECTION; ALGORITHM; SYSTEM; KERNELS AB Chemical composition of biomass feedstock is an important parameter for optimizing the yield and economics of various bioconversion pathways. Although chemical composition of biomass varies among species, varieties, and plant components, there is distinct variation even among stem components, such as nodes and internodes. Separation of morphological components possessing different quality attributes and utilizing them in 'segregated processing' leads to better handling, more efficient processing, and high-valued products generation. Using equipment to separate morphological components such as node and internodes of biomass stem that have closely related physical properties (e.g., size, shape, density) is difficult. However, as the nodes and internodes are clearly distinct in appearance by visual observation, the potential of digital image analysis for node and internode identification and quantification was investigated. We used chopped stems of big bluestem, corn, and switchgrass as test materials. Pixel color variation along the length was used as the principle of identifying the nodes and internodes. An algorithm in MATLAB was developed to evaluate the gray value intensity within a narrow computational band along the major axis of nodes and internodes. Several extracted image features, such as minimum, maximum, average, standard deviation, and variation of the computational band gray values; ribbon length of the computational band normalized gray value curve (NGVC), unit ribbon length of NGVC; area under NGVC, and unit area under NGVC were tested for the identification. Unit area under NGVC was the best feature/parameter for the identification of the nodes and internodes with an accuracy of about 96.6% (9 incorrect out of 263 objects). This image processing methodology of nodes and intenodes identification can form the supporting software for the hardware systems that perform the separation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pothula, Anand Kumar; Igathinathane, C.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Kronberg, S.; Hendrickson, J.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Igathinathane, C (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 1221 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM Igathinathane.Cannayen@ndsu.edu OI Pothula, Anand/0000-0002-6129-5194; Cannayen, Igathinathane/0000-0001-8884-7959 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 105 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2014.04.006 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA AK4OC UT WOS:000338403000006 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RS Showler, AT Funk, PA AF Fletcher, Reginald S. Showler, Allan T. Funk, Paul A. TI Employing broadband spectra and cluster analysis to assess thermal defoliation of cotton SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Thermal defoliation; Unsupervised classification; Multispectral; Normalized difference vegetation index; Cotton ID LOCAL SHRINKING; CLUES AB Growers and field scouts need assistance in surveying cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields subjected to thermal defoliation to reap the benefits provided by this nonchemical defoliation method. A study was conducted to evaluate broadband spectral data subjected to unsupervised classification for surveying cotton plots subjected to thermal defoliation. Ground-based reflectance measurements of thermally treated and non-treated cotton canopies were collected at two study Sites (Site 1 and Site 2) with a handheld hyperspectral spectroradiometer. The hyperspectral data were merged into eight broad spectral bands: coastal blue (400-450 nm), blue (450-510 nm), green (510-580 nm), yellow (585-625 nm), red (630-690 nm), red-edge (705-745 nm), near-infrared (770-895 nm), and panchromatic (450-800 nm). Also, a broadband normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was created with the red (630-690 nm) and near-infrared bands (770-895 nm). For each study Site, two datasets were analyzed: (1) two-class case (thermally treated cotton observations and non-treated cotton observations) and (2) five-class case (thermally treated cotton observations and non-treated cotton observations and three additional classes created with the weighted average of the thermally treated cotton observations and non-treated cotton observations). The clustering algorithm referred to as CLUES (CLUstEring based on local Shrinking) was employed to automatically group the data into clusters without the user selecting the number of clusters. Cluster validation was determined with the average silhouette width; also accuracy was assessed with contingency matrixes. Clustering analysis worked well in dividing the data into appropriate groups, with the best cluster structure occurring for the NDVI. User's and producer's accuracies for the NDVI were greater than 86%, indicating an excellent classification. Findings support future endeavors to assess airborne and satellite-borne systems equipped with sensors sensitive to the wavelengths deemed useful in this study and unsupervised classification techniques that automatically determines the numbers of clusters to evaluate thermal defoliation of cotton fields. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fletcher, Reginald S.] USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Showler, Allan T.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Funk, Paul A.] USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Fletcher, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM reginald.fletcher@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX This project was funded by USDA-ARS; mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 105 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2014.04.003 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA AK4OC UT WOS:000338403000011 ER PT J AU Bower, AD St Clair, B Erickson, V AF Bower, Andrew D. St Clair, Bradley Erickson, Vicky TI Generalized provisional seed zones for native plants SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE adaptive traits; aridity; ecoregion; genetic variation; local adaptation; native plants; precipitation; restoration; seed transfer guideline; seed zone; temperature ID UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-VARIATION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GENECOLOGY AB Deploying well-adapted and ecologically appropriate plant materials is a core component of successful restoration projects. We have developed generalized provisional seed zones that can be applied to any plant species in the United States to help guide seed movement. These seed zones are based on the intersection of high-resolution climatic data for winter minimum temperature and aridity (as measured by annual heat : moisture index), each classified into discrete bands. This results in the delineation of 64 provisional seed zones for the continental United States. These zones represent areas of relative climatic similarity, and movement of seed within these zones should help to minimize maladaptation. Superimposing Omernik's level III ecoregions over these seed zones distinguishes areas that are similar climatically yet different ecologically. A quantitative comparison of provisional seed zones with level III ecoregions and provisional seed zones within ecoregions for three species showed that provisional seed zone within ecoregion often explained the greatest proportion of variation in a suite of traits potentially related to plant fitness. These provisional seed zones can be considered a starting point for guidelines for seed transfer, and should be utilized in conjunction with appropriate species-specific information as well as local knowledge of microsite differences. C1 [Bower, Andrew D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [St Clair, Bradley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Erickson, Vicky] US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Bower, AD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1835 Black Lake Blvd SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM abower@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 60 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 BP 913 EP 919 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK0NJ UT WOS:000338109700001 PM 25154085 ER PT J AU Voelker, SL Brooks, R Meinzer, FC Roden, J Pazdur, A Pawelczyk, S Hartsough, P Snyder, K Plavcova, L Santrucek, J AF Voelker, Steven L. Brooks, Renee Meinzer, Frederick C. Roden, John Pazdur, Anna Pawelczyk, Slawomira Hartsough, Peter Snyder, Keirith Plavcova, Lenka Santrucek, Jiri TI Reconstructing relative humidity from plant delta 18O and delta D as deuterium deviations from the global meteoric water line SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE cellulose; delta D; delta O-18; deuterium-excess; leaf vapor pressure; leaf water; relative humidity; water isotopes ID ISOTOPE CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; TREE-LEAF TEMPERATURES; STABLE-CARBON-ISOTOPE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; RING CELLULOSE; UNITED-STATES; HYDROGEN; PRECIPITATION; RATIOS AB Cellulose delta O-18 and delta D can provide insights on climates and hydrological cycling in the distant past and how these factors differ spatially. However, most studies of plant cellulose have used only one isotope, most commonly delta O-18, resulting in difficulties partitioning variation in delta O-18 of precipitation vs. evaporative conditions that affect leaf water isotopic enrichment. Moreover, observations of pronounced diurnal differences from conventional steady-state model predictions of leaf water isotopic fractionation have cast some doubt on single isotope modeling approaches for separating precipitation and evaporation drivers of cellulose delta O-18 or delta D. We explore a dual isotope approach akin to the concept of deuterium-excess (d), to establish deuterium deviations from the global meteoric water line in leaf water (Delta d(l)) as driven by relative humidity (RH). To demonstrate this concept, we survey studies of leaf water delta O-18 and delta D in hardwood vs. conifer trees. We then apply the concept to cellulose delta O-18 and delta D using a mechanistic model of cellulose delta O-18 and delta D to reconstruct deuterium deviations from the global meteoric water line (Delta d(c)) in Quercus macrocarpa, Q. robur, and Pseudotsuga menziesii. For each species, Delta d(c) showed strong correlations with RH across sites. Delta d(c) agreed well with steady-state predictions for Q. macrocarpa, while for Q. robur, the relationship with RH was steeper than expected. The slope of Delta d(c) vs. RH of P. menziesii was also close to steady-state predictions, but Delta d(c) were more enriched than predicted. This is in agreement with our leaf water survey showing conifer Delta d(l) was more enriched than predicted. Our data reveal that applications of this method should be appropriate for reconstructing RH from cellulose delta O-18 and delta D after accounting for differences between hardwoods and conifers. Hence, Delta d(c) should be useful for understanding variability in RH associated with past climatic cycles, across regional climates, or across complex terrain where climate modeling is challenging. Furthermore, Delta d(c) and inferred RH values should help in constraining variation in source water delta O-18. C1 [Voelker, Steven L.; Roden, John] Southern Oregon Univ, Dept Biol, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Brooks, Renee] US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pazdur, Anna; Pawelczyk, Slawomira] Silesian Tech Univ, Inst Phys, Dept Radioisotopes, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland. [Hartsough, Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Snyder, Keirith] ARS, USDA, Great Basin Rangelands Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Plavcova, Lenka] Univ Ulm, Inst Systemat Bot & Ecol, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. [Santrucek, Jiri] Univ South Bohemia, Dept Expt Plant Biol, Fac Sci, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. RP Voelker, SL (reprint author), Southern Oregon Univ, Dept Biol, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM voelkerst@sou.edu RI Voelker, Steven/O-2909-2014; Santrucek, Jiri/G-9776-2014; OI Santrucek, Jiri/0000-0003-0430-5795; Brooks, Renee/0000-0002-5008-9774 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0743882, AGS-1003601]; MIBA program through the International Atomic Energy Agency; GACR [P501-12-1261]; GAJU [143/2013/P] FX We appreciate the work of Kristen Falk, Lin Roden, Marie Simkova, Jiri Kveton., Martina Vrablova, Marie Hronkova, and Dasa Bastlova for assistance in the field and laboratory and IRMS analyses. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that improved the manuscript. Research by S. L. Voelker was supported by the National Science Foundation grants DEB-0743882 and AGS-1003601. L. Plavkova and J. Santrucek were supported in part by the MIBA program through the International Atomic Energy Agency, by GACR project #P501-12-1261, and GAJU project 143/2013/P. The manuscript has been subjected to the Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or a recommendation for use. NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 60 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 BP 960 EP 975 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK0NJ UT WOS:000338109700006 PM 25154090 ER PT J AU Clark, JS Gelfand, AE Woodall, CW Zhu, K AF Clark, James S. Gelfand, Alan E. Woodall, Christopher W. Zhu, Kai TI More than the sum of the parts: forest climate response from joint species distribution models SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; climate change; species abundance; species distributions; species occurrence; species presence/absence; zero inflation ID DIVERSITY MODELS; BIODIVERSITY; IMPACTS; TREE; PREDICTION; PATTERNS; HABITAT; FUTURE; COOCCURRENCE; GRADIENTS AB The perceived threat of climate change is often evaluated from species distribution models that are fitted to many species independently and then added together. This approach ignores the fact that species are jointly distributed and limit one another. Species respond to the same underlying climatic variables, and the abundance of any one species can be constrained by competition; a large increase in one is inevitably linked to declines of others. Omitting this basic relationship explains why responses modeled independently do not agree with the species richness or basal areas of actual forests. We introduce a joint species distribution modeling approach (JSDM), which is unique in three ways, and apply it to forests of eastern North America. First, it accommodates the joint distribution of species. Second, this joint distribution includes both abundance and presence-absence data. We solve the common issue of large numbers of zeros in abundance data by accommodating zeros in both stem counts and basal area data, i.e., a new approach to zero inflation. Finally, inverse prediction can be applied to the joint distribution of predictions to integrate the role of climate risks across all species and identify geographic areas where communities will change most (in terms of changes in abundance) with climate change. Application to forests in the eastern United States shows that climate can have greatest impact in the Northeast, due to temperature, and in the Upper Midwest, due to temperature and precipitation. Thus, these are the regions experiencing the fastest warming and are also identified as most responsive at this scale. C1 [Clark, James S.; Zhu, Kai] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Clark, James S.; Gelfand, Alan E.] Duke Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Clark, JS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM jimclark@duke.edu RI Zhu, Kai/H-1022-2013 OI Zhu, Kai/0000-0003-1587-3317 FU NSF [EF-1137364, CDI 0940671]; Coweeta LTER FX This study was supported by NSF grants EF-1137364, CDI 0940671, and the Coweeta LTER. We appreciate comments on the manuscript from Janneke HilleRisLambers and three anonymous reviewers. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 BP 990 EP 999 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK0NJ UT WOS:000338109700008 PM 25154092 ER PT J AU Cushman, SA Max, T Meneses, N Evans, LM Ferrier, S Honchak, B Whitham, TG Allan, GJ AF Cushman, Samuel A. Max, Tamara Meneses, Nashelly Evans, Luke M. Ferrier, Sharon Honchak, Barbara Whitham, Thomas G. Allan, Gerard J. TI Landscape genetic connectivity in a riparian foundation tree is jointly driven by climatic gradients and river networks SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate; conservation; Fremont cottonwood; gene flow; landscape genetics; landscape resistance; Populus fremontii; reciprocal causal modeling ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MANTEL TEST; POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MARTES-AMERICANA; FLOW; SPECIATION; INFERENCE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremonti) is a foundation riparian tree species that drives community structure and ecosystem processes in southwestern U. S. ecosystems. Despite its ecological importance, little is known about the ecological and environmental processes that shape its genetic diversity, structure, and landscape connectivity. Here, we combined molecular analyses of 82 populations including 1312 individual trees dispersed over the species' geographical distribution. We reduced the data set to 40 populations and 743 individuals to eliminate admixture with a sibling species, and used multivariate restricted optimization and reciprocal causal modeling to evaluate the effects of river network connectivity and climatic gradients on gene flow. Our results confirmed the following: First, gene flow of Fremont cottonwood is jointly controlled by the connectivity of the river network and gradients of seasonal precipitation. Second, gene flow is facilitated by mid-sized to large rivers, and is resisted by small streams and terrestrial uplands, with resistance to gene flow decreasing with river size. Third, genetic differentiation increases with cumulative differences in winter and spring precipitation. Our results suggest that ongoing fragmentation of riparian habitats will lead to a loss of landscape-level genetic connectivity, leading to increased inbreeding and the concomitant loss of genetic diversity in a foundation species. These genetic effects will cascade to a much larger community of organisms, some of which are threatened and endangered. C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Max, Tamara; Meneses, Nashelly; Evans, Luke M.; Ferrier, Sharon; Honchak, Barbara; Allan, Gerard J.] No Arizona Univ, Environm Genet & Genom Lab, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Max, Tamara; Meneses, Nashelly; Evans, Luke M.; Ferrier, Sharon; Honchak, Barbara; Whitham, Thomas G.; Allan, Gerard J.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Whitham, Thomas G.] Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 South Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us FU NAU-TRIF [CESU-06FC300025, 04FC300039]; NSF FIBR [DEB-0425908] FX We thank the Cottonwood Ecology Genetics Group for assistance with microsatellite marker development. We thank Dana Ikeda for help making the range maps for the two cottonwood species. This research was supported by a NAU-TRIF grant to G. J. Allan, Bureau of Reclamation grants CESU-06FC300025 and 04FC300039 to G. J. Allan and T. G. Whitham, and NSF FIBR grant DEB-0425908 to G. J. Allan and T. G. Whitham. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 65 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1000 EP 1014 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK0NJ UT WOS:000338109700009 PM 25154093 ER PT J AU Cansler, CA McKenzie, D AF Cansler, C. Alina McKenzie, Donald TI Climate, fire size, and biophysical setting control fire severity and spatial pattern in the northern Cascade Range, USA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bottom-up controls; burn severities; climate change; fire regimes; FRAGSTATS; North Cascades, Washington, USA; patch dynamics; relative differenced normalized burn ratio; RdNBR; remote sensing; top-down controls; topography ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; GLOBAL WILDLAND FIRE; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; BURN SEVERITY; SIERRA-NEVADA; TREE MORTALITY; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; WASHINGTON-STATE AB Warmer and drier climate over the past few decades has brought larger fire sizes and increased annual area burned in forested ecosystems of western North America, and continued increases in annual area burned are expected due to climate change. As warming continues, fires may also increase in severity and produce larger contiguous patches of severely burned areas. We used remotely sensed burn-severity data from 125 fires in the northern Cascade Range of Washington, USA, to explore relationships between fire size, severity, and the spatial pattern of severity. We examined relationships between climate and the annual area burned and the size of wildfires over a 25-year period. We tested the hypothesis that increased fire size is commensurate with increased burn severity and increased spatial aggregation of severely burned areas. We also asked how local ecological controls might modulate these relationships by comparing results over the whole study area (the northern Cascade Range) to those from four ecological subsections within it. We found significant positive relationships between climate and fire size, and between fire size and the proportion of high severity and spatial-pattern metrics that quantify the spatial aggregation of high-severity areas within fires, but the strength and significance of these relationships varied among the four subsections. In areas with more contiguous subalpine forests and less complex topography, the proportion and spatial aggregation of severely burned areas were more strongly correlated with fire size. If fire sizes increase in a warming climate, changes in the extent, severity, and spatial pattern of fire regimes are likely to be more pronounced in higher-severity fire regimes with less complex topography and more continuous fuels. C1 [Cansler, C. Alina] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Cansler, CA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM acansler@uw.edu OI Cansler, C. Alina/0000-0002-2155-4438 FU U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences FX The authors thank the MTBS staff, particularly Stephen Howard of the EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, for assistance in developing and processing the burn-severity data used in this project. Andrew Larson, Jim Lutz, Maureen Kennedy, Sandra Haire, Paul Hessburg, Susan Prichard, and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive and helpful reviews of the manuscript. Robert Norheim consulted on GIS analysis and produced Fig. 1. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, through a cooperative agreement with the University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences. NR 105 TC 30 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 49 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1056 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK0NJ UT WOS:000338109700011 PM 25154095 ER PT J AU Crimmins, SM Dobrowski, SZ Mynsberge, AR Safford, HD AF Crimmins, Shawn M. Dobrowski, Solomon Z. Mynsberge, Alison R. Safford, Hugh D. TI Can fire atlas data improve species distribution model projections? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE California, USA; climate change; disturbance; fire; fire return interval; niche; species distribution model; transferability; vascular plant species ID BIOCLIMATE ENVELOPE MODELS; DRIVE DOWNHILL SHIFTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; WATER-BALANCE; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; OPTIMUM ELEVATIONS; GLOBAL CHANGE; PREDICTION AB Correlative species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in studies of climate change impacts, yet are often criticized for failing to incorporate disturbance processes that can influence species distributions. Here we use two temporally independent data sets of vascular plant distributions, climate data, and fire atlas data to examine the influence of disturbance history on SDM projection accuracy through time in the mountain ranges of California, USA. We used hierarchical partitioning to examine the influence of fire occurrence on the distribution of 144 vascular plant species and built a suite of SDMs to examine how the inclusion of fire-related predictors (fire occurrence and departure from historical fire return intervals) affects SDM projection accuracy. Fire occurrence provided the least explanatory power among predictor variables for predicting species' distributions, but provided improved explanatory power for species whose regeneration is tied closely to fire. A measure of the departure from historic fire return interval had greater explanatory power for calibrating modern SDMs than fire occurrence. This variable did not improve internal model accuracy for most species, although it did provide marginal improvement to models for species adapted to high-frequency fire regimes. Fire occurrence and fire return interval departure were strongly related to the climatic covariates used in SDM development, suggesting that improvements in model accuracy may not be expected due to limited additional explanatory power. Our results suggest that the inclusion of coarse-scale measures of disturbance in SDMs may not be necessary to predict species distributions under climate change, particularly for disturbance processes that are largely mediated by climate. C1 [Crimmins, Shawn M.; Dobrowski, Solomon Z.; Mynsberge, Alison R.] Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Crimmins, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM scrimmins@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [BCS-0819430]; USDA Forest Service [JV11221635-201]; Montana Institute on Ecosystems; NSF EPSCoR [EPS-1101342]; University of Montana FX Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation (BCS-0819430), the USDA Forest Service (JV11221635-201), the Montana Institute on Ecosystems (as supported by NSF EPSCoR grant EPS-1101342), and the University of Montana. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of these funding entities. D. Affleck, R. Callaway, M. Hebblewhite, and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1057 EP 1069 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK0NJ UT WOS:000338109700012 PM 25154096 ER PT J AU Murinda, SE Ibekwe, AM Zulkaffly, S Cruz, A Park, S Razak, N Paudzai, FM Ab Samad, L Baquir, K Muthaiyah, K Santiago, B Rusli, A Balkcom, S AF Murinda, Shelton E. Ibekwe, A. Mark Zulkaffly, Syaizul Cruz, Andrew Park, Stanley Razak, Nur Paudzai, Farah Md Ab Samad, Liana Baquir, Khairul Muthaiyah, Kokilah Santiago, Brenna Rusli, Amirul Balkcom, Sean TI Real-Time Isothermal Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RAPID DETECTION; ASSAY; DNA; DISEASE; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; DEVICE; GENES AB Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are a major family of foodborne pathogens of public health, zoonotic, and economic significance in the United States and worldwide. To date, there are no published reports on use of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for STEC detection. The primary goal of this study was to assess the potential application of RPA in detection of STEC. This study focused on designing and evaluating RPA primers and fluorescent probes for isothermal (39 degrees C) detection of STEC. Compatible sets of candidate primers and probes were designed for detection of Shiga toxin 1 and 2 (Stx1 and 2), respectively. The sets were evaluated for specificity and sensitivity against STEC (n = 12) of various stx genotypes (stx1/stx2, stx1, or stx2, respectively), including non-Stx-producing E. coli (n = 28) and other genera (n = 7). The primers and probes that were designed targeted amplification of the subunit A moiety of stx1 and stx2. The assay detected STEC in real time (within 5-10 min at 39 degrees C) with high sensitivity (93.5% vs. 90%; stx1 vs. stx2), specificity (99.1% vs. 100%; stx1 vs. stx2), and predictive value (97.9% for both stx1 vs. stx2). Limits of detection of similar to 5-50 colony-forming units/mL were achieved in serially diluted cultures grown in brain heart infusion broth. This study successfully demonstrated for the first time that RPA can be used for isothermal real-time detection of STEC. C1 [Murinda, Shelton E.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Ctr Antimicrobial Res & Food Safety, Anim & Vet Sci Dept, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Ibekwe, A. Mark] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. [Zulkaffly, Syaizul; Cruz, Andrew; Park, Stanley; Razak, Nur; Paudzai, Farah Md; Ab Samad, Liana; Baquir, Khairul; Muthaiyah, Kokilah; Santiago, Brenna; Rusli, Amirul; Balkcom, Sean] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Biotechnol Program, Dept Biol Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. RP Murinda, SE (reprint author), Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Ctr Antimicrobial Res & Food Safety, Anim & Vet Sci Dept, 3801 West Temple Ave, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. EM semurinda@csupomona.edu FU Southern California Institute of Food Technologists (SCIFTS) FX This study would not have been possible without the dedicated and invaluable input of many student research assistants, volunteers, and interns on the Biological Sciences Biotechnology Program. The assistance from Michelle Reyes and Anisah Mohd in the last stages of this project (Summer 2013) is most appreciated. The financial support from the Southern California Institute of Food Technologists (SCIFTS)'s Education and Grants Program made this project possible. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 26 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 11 IS 7 BP 529 EP 536 DI 10.1089/fpd.2013.1663 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AK1PG UT WOS:000338186600005 PM 24749488 ER PT J AU Reynnells, R Ingram, DT Roberts, C Stonebraker, R Handy, ET Felton, G Vinyard, BT Millner, PD Sharma, M AF Reynnells, Russell Ingram, David T. Roberts, Cheryl Stonebraker, Richard Handy, Eric T. Felton, Gary Vinyard, Bryan T. Millner, Patricia D. Sharma, Manan TI Comparison of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Composting Council Microbial Detection Methods in Finished Compost and Regrowth Potential of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Finished Compost SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INDIGENOUS MICROORGANISMS; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; UNITED-STATES; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; BIOSOLIDS; GROWTH; SUPPRESSION; SURVIVAL; REGULATIONS AB Bacterial pathogens may survive and regrow in finished compost due to incomplete thermal inactivation during or recontamination after composting. Twenty-nine finished composts were obtained from 19 U. S. states and were separated into three broad feedstock categories: biosolids (n = 10), manure (n = 4), and yard waste (n = 15). Three replicates of each compost were inoculated with approximate to 1-2 log CFU/g of nonpathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and E. coli O157:H7. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) protocols and U. S. Composting Council's (USCC) Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost (TMECC) were compared to determine which method recovered higher percentages of inoculated E. coli (representing fecal coliforms) and Salmonella spp. from 400-g samples of finished composts. Populations of Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157: H7 were determined over 3 days while stored at 25 degrees C and compared to physicochemical parameters to predict their respective regrowth potentials. EPA Method 1680 recovered significantly (p = 0.0003) more inoculated E. coli (68.7%) than TMECC 07.01 (48.1%) due to the EPA method using more compost in the initial homogenate, larger transfer dilutions, and a larger most probable number scheme compared to TMECC 07.01. The recoveries of inoculated Salmonella spp. by Environmental Protection Agency Method 1682 (89.1%) and TMECC 07.02 (72.4%) were not statistically significant (p = 0.44). The statistically similar recovery percentages may be explained by the use of a nonselective pre-enrichment step used in both methods. No physicochemical parameter (C:N, moisture content, total organic carbon) was able to serve as a sole predictor of regrowth of Salmonella spp. or E. coli O157:H7 in finished compost. However, statistical analysis revealed that the C:N ratio, total organic carbon, and moisture content all contributed to pathogen regrowth potential in finished composts. It is recommended that the USCC modify TMECC protocols to test larger amounts of compost in the initial homogenate to facilitate greater recovery of target organisms. C1 [Reynnells, Russell; Roberts, Cheryl; Stonebraker, Richard; Handy, Eric T.; Millner, Patricia D.; Sharma, Manan] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Area Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ingram, David T.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. [Felton, Gary] Univ Maryland, Environm Sci & Technol Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vinyard, Bryan T.] ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Area Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sharma, M (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Area Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 201,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM manan.sharma@ars.usda.gov FU Center for Produce Safety; USDA-ARS FX The authors thank Dr. Yang Yang, Dr. Wilbert Long, Rishi Banerjee, Hannah Birnbaum, Mary Theresa Callahan, Nathalia Cancel Villamil, Cianni Dudley, Sean Ferguson, Natalia Macarisin, Isaac Onigbinde, and Ajay Singh for contributions to this project. Funding was provided by the Center for Produce Safety grant "Validation of testing methods for the detection and quantification of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., fecal coliforms and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli in compost'' and the USDA-ARS "Microbial Ecology & Safety of Fresh on-Farm Organically Grown Produce'' project. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 24 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 11 IS 7 BP 555 EP 567 DI 10.1089/fpd.2013.1698 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AK1PG UT WOS:000338186600009 PM 24814265 ER PT J AU Green, AL Seys, S Douris, A Levine, J Robertson, K AF Green, Alice L. Seys, Scott Douris, Aphrodite Levine, Jeoff Robertson, Kis TI Factors Associated with Regulatory Action Involving Investigation of Illnesses Associated with Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Products Regulated by the Food Safety and Inspection Service SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; OUTBREAKS; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENS; BURDEN; RISK AB We described characteristics of the Escherichia coli O157 and Escherichia coli non-O157 illness investigations conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) during the 5-year period from 2006 through 2010. We created a multivariable logistic regression model to determine characteristics of these investigations that were associated with FSIS regulatory action, which was defined as having occurred if a product recall occurred or if FSIS personnel performed an environmental health assessment (Food Safety Assessment) at the implicated establishment. During this period, FSIS took regulatory action in 38 of 88 (43%) investigations. Illness investigations in which FoodNet states were involved were more likely to result in regulatory action. Illness investigations in which state and local traceback, or FSIS traceback occurred were more likely to result in regulatory action. Reasons for lack of action included evidence of cross-contamination after the product left a regulated establishment, delayed notification, lack of epidemiological information, and insufficient product information. C1 [Green, Alice L.; Seys, Scott] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA. [Douris, Aphrodite; Levine, Jeoff] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Robertson, Kis] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Green, AL (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, 100 North 6th St,Suite 420-C, Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA. EM Alice.Green@fsis.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 11 IS 7 BP 568 EP 573 DI 10.1089/fpd.2013.1720 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AK1PG UT WOS:000338186600010 PM 24826872 ER PT J AU Umemura, M Nagano, N Koike, H Kawano, J Ishii, T Miyamura, Y Kikuchi, M Tamano, K Yu, JJ Shin-ya, K Machida, M AF Umemura, Myco Nagano, Nozomi Koike, Hideaki Kawano, Jin Ishii, Tomoko Miyamura, Yuki Kikuchi, Moto Tamano, Koichi Yu, Jiujiang Shin-ya, Kazuo Machida, Masayuki TI Characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the ribosomally synthesized cyclic peptide ustiloxin B in Aspergillus flavus SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ustiloxin B; Fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis; Aspergillus flavus; Gene cluster; Ribosomal peptide synthesis ID FALSE SMUT BALLS; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; STRUCTURAL GENE; SIGNAL PEPTIDES; RICE PANICLES; FUSION PCR; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; PRECURSOR AB Ustiloxin B is a secondary metabolite known to be produced by Ustilaginoidea virens. In our previous paper, we observed the production of this compound by Aspergillus flavus, and identified two A. flavus genes responsible for ustiloxin B biosynthesis (Umemura et al., 2013). The compound is a cyclic tetrapeptide of Tyr-Ala-Ile-Gly, whose tyrosine is modified with a non-protein coding amino acid, norvaline. Although its chemical structure strongly suggested that ustiloxin B is biosynthesized by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, in the present study, we observed its synthesis through a ribosomal peptide synthetic (RIPS) pathway by precise sequence anallises after experimental validation of the cluster. The cluster possessed a gene (AFLA_094980), termed ustA, whose translated product, UstA, contains a 16-fold repeated peptide embedding a tetrapeptide, Tyr-Ala-Ile-Gly, that is converted into the cyclic moiety of ustiloxin B. This result strongly suggests that ustiloxin B is biosynthesized through a RIPS pathway and that UstA provides the precursor peptide of the compound. The present work is the first characterization of RiPS in Ascomycetes and the entire RiPS gene cluster in fungi. Based on the sequence analyses, we also proposed a biosynthetic mechanism involving the entire gene cluster. Our finding indicates the possibility that a number of unidentified RiPSs exist in Ascomycetes as the biosynthetic genes of secondary metabolites, and that the feature of a highly repeated peptide sequence in UstA will greatly contribute to the discovery of additional RiPS. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Umemura, Myco; Kawano, Jin; Tamano, Koichi; Machida, Masayuki] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Bioprod Res Inst, Toyohira Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628517, Japan. [Nagano, Nozomi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Computat Biol Res Ctr, Koto Ku, Tokyo 1350064, Japan. [Koike, Hideaki] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Bioprod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan. [Ishii, Tomoko; Miyamura, Yuki; Kikuchi, Moto] Technol Res Assoc Highly Efficient Gene Design, Toyohira Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628517, Japan. [Yu, Jiujiang] ARS, Beltsville Agr Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shin-ya, Kazuo] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Biomed Res Inst, Koto Ku, Tokyo 1350064, Japan. RP Umemura, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Bioprod Res Inst, Toyohira Ku, 17-2-1 Higashi Nijo, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628517, Japan. EM umemura-m@aist.go.jp RI Nagano, Nozomi/A-5717-2017 OI Nagano, Nozomi/0000-0002-2779-685X FU Commission for the Development of Artificial Gene Synthesis Technology for Creating Innovative Biomaterial from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japan FX This work was supported by the Commission for the Development of Artificial Gene Synthesis Technology for Creating Innovative Biomaterial from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japan. We thank Professor K. Gomi and Professor K. Abe, Tohoku University, for valuable discussions regarding Kex2 processing; and Professor Y. Hashimoto and Dr. H. Kobayashi, the University of Tokyo, for the kind donation of ustiloxin B. We also thank Hokuren, an agricultural cooperative association in Hokkaido Prefecture, for the kind donation of cracked maize. We thank AMERICAN JOURNAL EXPERTS for proofing the manuscript. We are grateful to our colleagues in our groups for their help and advice. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 10 U2 53 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 EI 1096-0937 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 68 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.04.011 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA AK4RV UT WOS:000338412700003 PM 24841822 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Scharfenstein, LL Mack, B Yu, JJ Ehrlich, KC AF Chang, Perng-Kuang Scharfenstein, Leslie L. Mack, Brian Yu, Jiujiang Ehrlich, Kenneth C. TI Transcriptomic profiles of Aspergillus flavus CA42, a strain that produces small sclerotia, by decanal treatment and after recovery SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; Decanal; Conidiation; Sclerotia; Transcriptome; Gene ontology ID SECONDARY METABOLISM; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR FLBB; KOJIC ACID; PARASITICUS; BIOSYNTHESIS; NIDULANS; CONIDIATION; GROWTH AB Aspergillus flavus is a ubiquitous saprophyte and is capable of producing many secondary metabolites including the carcinogenic aflatoxins. The A. flavus population that produces small sclerotia (S strain) has been implicated as the culprit for persistent aflatoxin contamination in field crops. We investigated how the plant volatile decanal, a C-10 fatty aldehyde, affected the growth and development of the S strain A. flavus. Decanal treatment yielded fluffy variants lacking sclerotia and conidia and exhibiting a dosage-dependent radial colony growth. We used RNA-Seq analysis to examine transcriptomic changes caused by decanal and after removal of decanal. Mature sclerotia contained only 80% of the total transcripts detected in all samples in comparison to 94% for the decanal treated culture. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that decanal treatment increased expression of genes involved in oxidoreductase activity, cellular carbohydrate metabolism, alcohol metabolism and aflatoxin biosynthesis. The treatment affected cellular components associated with cell wall, and gene expression of glucanases, alpha-amylases, pectinesterase and peptidase required for its biosynthesis was increased. After decanal was removed, the culture resumed sclerotial production. Moreover, its GO terms significantly overlapped with those of the untreated culture; five of the enriched molecular functions, oxidoreductase activity, monooxygenase activity, electron carrier activity, heme binding, and iron binding were found in the untreated culture. The GO term of cellular component enriched was mainly integral protein constituents of the membrane. The results suggested that decanal halted development at the vegetative state rendering the fungus unable to produce conidia and sclerotia. The induced fluffy phenotype could be related to lower transcript abundance of fIbB, flbD, and flbE but not to veA expression. Increased abundance of the laeA transcript in the treated culture correlated with early transcriptional activation of aflatoxin and kojic acid biosynthesis gene clusters. Expression profiles revealed subtle differences in timing of activation of the respective 55 secondary metabolite gene clusters. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chang, Perng-Kuang; Scharfenstein, Leslie L.; Mack, Brian; Yu, Jiujiang; Ehrlich, Kenneth C.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM perngkuang.chang@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 EI 1096-0937 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 68 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.04.007 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA AK4RV UT WOS:000338412700005 PM 24780887 ER PT J AU Harakotr, B Suriharn, B Tangtuongchai, R Scott, MP Lertrat, K AF Harakotr, Bhornchai Suriharn, Bhalang Tangtuongchai, Ratchada Scott, Marvin Paul Lertrat, Kamol TI Anthocyanins and antioxidant activity in coloured waxy corn at different maturation stages SO JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS LA English DT Article DE Bioactive compounds; Pigmented; Radical scavenging capacity; Acylated anthocyanins; Zea mays L. ID ZEA-MAYS L.; FLESHED SWEET-POTATO; PURPLE CORN; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ACYLATED ANTHOCYANINS; MAIZE; CULTIVARS; KERNELS; INHIBITION; PROFILES AB The anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of kernels from 12 genotypes of waxy corn at two maturation stages (milk and mature) were investigated. The individual anthocyanins contained in coloured waxy corn were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and its derivatives were detected as being most dominant. Furthermore, acylated anthocyanins constituted 67.1-88.2% and 46.2-83.6% of the total contents at the milk and mature stages, respectively. The concentration of monomeric anthocyanin increased throughout the development of each genotype of corn. The antioxidant activity, which was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, increased with ripening. However, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) revealed decreases in some genotypes during ripening. The kernels of a purplish black waxy corn genotype (KKU-WX111031) exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity and contained the highest level of anthocyanins among the genotypes tested at both maturation stages. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Harakotr, Bhornchai; Suriharn, Bhalang; Lertrat, Kamol] Khon Kaen Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Harakotr, Bhornchai; Suriharn, Bhalang; Lertrat, Kamol] Khon Kaen Univ, Plant Breeding Res Ctr Sustainable Agr, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Tangtuongchai, Ratchada] Khon Kaen Univ, Dept Food Technol, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Scott, Marvin Paul] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lertrat, K (reprint author), Khon Kaen Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. EM kamol9@gmail.com FU Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program; Khon Kaen University [PHD/0028/2553]; National Science and Technology Development Agency; Plant Breeding Research Center for Sustainable Agriculture of the Faculty of Agriculture of Khon Kaen University in Thailand FX The Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program and Khon Kaen University (Grant No. PHD/0028/2553) supported this work. The National Science and Technology Development Agency and the Plant Breeding Research Center for Sustainable Agriculture of the Faculty of Agriculture of Khon Kaen University in Thailand also funded part of this work. The authors wish to thank Assist. Prof. Dr. Khomsorn Lomthaisong for the guidance provided in the antioxidant analyses and Dr. Ann Perera for her assistance with the HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1756-4646 J9 J FUNCT FOODS JI J. Funct. Food. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 9 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.012 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA AK2TH UT WOS:000338271900012 ER PT J AU Ihekweazu, FD Kellermayer, R AF Ihekweazu, Faith D. Kellermayer, Richard TI Allopurinol: A Useful Adjunct to Thiopurine Therapy for Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis in the Biologic Era SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE 6-MMP; 6-thioguanine nucleotide; allopurinol; hepatotoxicity; thioguanine; thiopurines; ulcerative colitis ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE AB Thiopurines are used as a maintenance therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). For some patients the metabolism of thiopurines is unfavorable, leading to increased adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity. There are many reports in the adult literature concerning the manipulation of thiopurine metabolism with allopurinol; however, there is only 1 publication in this respect for pediatric UC. We present 3 pediatric cases of UC wherein the combination of allopurinol and low-dose 6-mercaptopurine allowed for shunting of thiopurine metabolites to a more favorable pattern. This intervention supported clinical remission in all, including one case poorly responsive to infliximab. C1 [Ihekweazu, Faith D.; Kellermayer, Richard] Baylor Univ, Texas Childrens Hosp, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Kellermayer, R (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, 6621 Fannin St,CC1010-00, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kellerma@bcm.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 EI 1536-4801 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 59 IS 1 BP 22 EP 24 DI 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000344 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA AK0SI UT WOS:000338125000016 PM 24590210 ER PT J AU Zerkowski, JA Solaiman, DKY AF Zerkowski, Jonathan A. Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. TI 2-Fatty Acrylic Acids: New Highly Derivatizable Lipophilic Platform Molecules SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Oleochemistry; Surfactants; Detergents; Biobased products ID FACILE SYNTHESIS; CHEMISTRY; ESTERS; REDUCTION; CHAIN AB This paper reports the incorporation of an alpha-methylene unit into fatty acid skeletons. Since the new olefin is conjugated with the carboxylate, it is susceptible to 1,4-(Michael) additions. We have used multifunctional thiols and amines for additions at the methylene. The resulting products possess clusters of functionality grouped at one end of a hydrophobic tail. These structural patterns will be of use in the design of new types of bio-based surfactants and polymers. One particularly promising pattern of functionality that can be obtained through oxidation and reduction chemistry is a 2-fatty 1,2,3-propanetriol, or a lipophilized glycerol moiety. C1 [Zerkowski, Jonathan A.; Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Zerkowski, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jonathan.zerkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 91 IS 7 BP 1225 EP 1233 DI 10.1007/s11746-014-2459-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AK3QY UT WOS:000338341000015 ER PT J AU Fang, XZ Moreau, RA AF Fang, Xuezhi Moreau, Robert A. TI Extraction and Demulsification of Oil From Wheat Germ, Barley Germ, and Rice Bran Using an Aqueous Enzymatic Method SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Wheat germ; Barley germ; Aqueous enzymatic oil extraction; Demulsification ID CORN GERM; DESTABILIZATION; PROTEIN AB An aqueous enzymatic method was developed to extract oil from wheat germ. Wheat germ pretreatment, effect of various industrial enzymes, pH, wheat germ to water ratio, reaction time and effect of various methods of demulsification, were investigated. Pretreatment at 180 A degrees C in a conventional oven for 4 min reduced the moisture 12.8-2.2 % and significantly increased the oil yield. Adding a combination of protease (Fermgen) and cellulase (Spezyme CP) resulted in a 72 % yield of emulsified oil from wheat germ (both commercial and laboratory milled wheat germ). Using the same oil extraction conditions optimized for wheat germ, yields of 51 and 39 % emulsified oil were obtained from barley germ (laboratory milled), and rice bran, respectively. Three physical demulsification methods (heating, freeze-thawing, and pH adjustment) and enzymatic methods (Protex 6L, Protex 7L, Alcalase, Fermgen, Lysomax and G-zyme 999) were compared. After demulsification with Protex 6L, free oil yields of 63.8 and 59.5 % were obtained with commercial wheat germ and with laboratory milled wheat germ, respectively. Using the same demulsification conditions optimized for wheat germ, yields of 45.7 % emulsified oil and 35 % free oil were obtained for barley germ and rice bran, respectively. C1 [Fang, Xuezhi; Moreau, Robert A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Fang, Xuezhi] Chinese Acad Forestry, State Forestry Adm, Res Inst Subtrop Forestry, Fuyang 311400, Peoples R China. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM fxzhn@163.com; robert.moreau@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 91 IS 7 BP 1261 EP 1268 DI 10.1007/s11746-014-2467-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA AK3QY UT WOS:000338341000018 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Sanches, AO Medeiros, ES Mattoso, LHC McMahan, CM Malmonge, JA AF Silva, M. J. Sanches, A. O. Medeiros, E. S. Mattoso, L. H. C. McMahan, C. M. Malmonge, J. A. TI Nanocomposites of natural rubber and polyaniline-modified cellulose nanofibrils SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE Cellulose nanofibrils; Cotton cellulose; Polyaniline; Natural rubber ID BACTERIAL CELLULOSE; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; FIBERS; WHISKERS; COMPOSITES; REINFORCEMENT; POLYURETHANE; NANOCRYSTALS; EXTRACTION; BEHAVIOR AB Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were isolated from cotton microfibrils (CM) by acid hydrolysis and coated with polyaniline (PANI) by in situ polymerization of aniline onto CNF in the presence of hydrochloride acid and ammonium peroxydisulfate to produce CNF/PANI. Nanocomposites of natural rubber (NR) reinforced with CNF and CNF/PANI were obtained by casting/evaporation method. TG analyses showed that coating CNF with PANI resulted in a material with better thermal stability since PANI acted as a protective barrier against cellulose degradation. Nanocomposites and natural rubber showed the same thermal profiles to 200 A degrees C, partly due to the relatively lower amount of CNF/PANI added as compared to conventional composites. On the other hand, mechanical properties of natural rubber were significantly improved with nanofibrils incorporation, i.e., Young's modulus and tensile strength were higher for NR/CNF than NR/CNF/PANI nanocomposites. The electrical conductivity of natural rubber increased five orders of magnitude for NR with the addition of 10 mass% CNF/PANI. A partial PANI dedoping might be responsible for the low electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. C1 [Silva, M. J.; Sanches, A. O.; Malmonge, J. A.] UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Engn, Dept Fis & Quim, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil. [Medeiros, E. S.] Univ Fed Paraiba, Dept Engn Mat, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. [Mattoso, L. H. C.] Embrapa Instrumentacao CNPDIA, LNNA, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [McMahan, C. M.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Malmonge, JA (reprint author), UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Engn, Dept Fis & Quim, Campus Ilha Solteira, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil. EM mal@dfq.feis.unesp.br RI Malmonge, Jose /G-4249-2012; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016; FAPESP, CDMF/J-3591-2015; Sanches, Alex /G-6380-2016 OI Malmonge, Jose /0000-0002-1773-3142; Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014; Sanches, Alex /0000-0003-2730-7435 FU CNPq; CAPES; FAPESP FX The authors acknowledge the Brazilian agencies CNPq, CAPES, and FAPESP for financial support. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 EI 1572-8943 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 117 IS 1 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1007/s10973-014-3719-1 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA AK0QS UT WOS:000338120100045 ER PT J AU Berentsen, AR Bender, S Bender, P Bergman, D Hausig, K VerCauteren, KC AF Berentsen, Are R. Bender, Scott Bender, Peggy Bergman, David Hausig, Krista VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Preference among 7 bait flavors delivered to domestic dogs in Arizona: Implications for oral rabies vaccination on the Navajo Nation SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY BEHAVIOR-CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arizona; Canis familiaris; domestic dog; flavor preference; Navajo Nation; oral rabies vaccination ID FIELD PERFORMANCE; STRIPED SKUNKS; RACCOONS; ONRAB(R); CANADA; ONTARIO; AFRICA; DIET; USA AB Less than 20% of the domestic dogs on tribal lands in the United States are vaccinated against rabies. One method to increase vaccination rates may be the distribution of oral rabies vaccines (ORVs). ONRAB (R) (Artemis Technologies, Inc., Ontario, Canada) is the primary ORV used in Canada to vaccinate striped skunks and raccoons. To investigate the potential use of ONRAB (R) ORV baits to vaccinate feral domestic dogs against rabies on tribal lands and beyond, we performed a flavor preference study. A total of 7 bait flavors (bacon, cheese, dog food, hazelnut, sugar-vanilla, peanut butter, and sardine) were offered in pairs to 13 domestic dogs. Each dog was offered all possible combinations of bait pairs over a period of 10 days, with each bait offered 6 times. The proportion of times each bait was consumed first by individual dogs was calculated and comparisons among dogs were conducted using the MIXED procedure in SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Pairwise comparisons between baits were performed using "contrast" statements with sugar-vanilla flavor as the default for comparison. Type 3 tests of fixed effects showed a significant treatment effect (F-6,F-72 = 9.74, P<0.0001). Sugar-vanilla was selected first during 14% of the offerings and exhibited the least preference among all bait types (F-1,F-72 = 22.46, P<0.0001). Dog food was selected first 56% of the time, and more frequently than all other bait types (F-1,F-72 = 13.09, P=0.0005). (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Berentsen, Are R.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] APHIS, USDA, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bender, Scott] Navajo Nation Dept Agr, Navajo Nation, AZ USA. [Bender, Peggy; Bergman, David; Hausig, Krista] APHIS, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Berentsen, AR (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Are.R.Berentsen@aphis.usda.gov RI Bergman, David/C-6874-2015 OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X FU National Rabies Management Program FX The authors declare no conflict of interest. The idea for the article was conceived by Scott Bender, Kurt C. VerCauteren, and David Bergman. The experiments were designed by Kurt C. VerCauteren, David Bergman, Scott Bender, and Are R. Berentsen. The experiments were performed by Peggy Bender, Scott Bender, Krista Hausig, David Bergman, and Kurt C. VerCauteren. The data were analyzed by Are R. Berentsen and Kurt C. VerCauteren. The article was written by Are R. Berentsen, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Scott Bender, Peggy Bender, Krista Hausig, and David Bergman. Funding was provided by the National Rabies Management Program. This research was approved by the USDA National Wildlife Research Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee under protocol QA-2053. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1558-7878 EI 1878-7517 J9 J VET BEHAV JI J. Vet. Behav.-Clin. Appl. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 BP 169 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.jveb.2014.03.001 PG 3 WC Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA AK5PU UT WOS:000338479100006 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Bevins, SN Serieys, LEK Vickers, W Logan, KA Aldredge, M Boydston, EE Lyren, LM McBride, R Roelke-Parker, M Pecon-Slattery, J Troyer, JL Riley, SP Boyce, WM Crooks, KR VandeWoude, S AF Lee, Justin S. Bevins, Sarah N. Serieys, Laurel E. K. Vickers, Winston Logan, Ken A. Aldredge, Mat Boydston, Erin E. Lyren, Lisa M. McBride, Roy Roelke-Parker, Melody Pecon-Slattery, Jill Troyer, Jennifer L. Riley, Seth P. Boyce, Walter M. Crooks, Kevin R. VandeWoude, Sue TI Evolution of Puma Lentivirus in Bobcats (Lynx rufus) and Mountain Lions (Puma concolor) in North America SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; FRAGMENTED URBAN LANDSCAPE; NATURALLY INFECTED COUGARS; GENE FLOW; SELECTION; SEQUENCE; TRANSMISSION; PROTEINS; WILD; RECOMBINATION AB Mountain lions (Puma concolor) throughout North and South America are infected with puma lentivirus clade B (PLVB). A second, highly divergent lentiviral clade, PLVA, infects mountain lions in southern California and Florida. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) in these two geographic regions are also infected with PLVA, and to date, this is the only strain of lentivirus identified in bobcats. We sequenced full-length PLV genomes in order to characterize the molecular evolution of PLV in bobcats and mountain lions. Low sequence homology (88% average pairwise identity) and frequent recombination (1 recombination breakpoint per 3 isolates analyzed) were observed in both clades. Viral proteins have markedly different patterns of evolution; sequence homology and negative selection were highest in Gag and Pol and lowest in Vif and Env. A total of 1.7% of sites across the PLV genome evolve under positive selection, indicating that host-imposed selection pressure is an important force shaping PLV evolution. PLVA strains are highly spatially structured, reflecting the population dynamics of their primary host, the bobcat. In contrast, the phylogeography of PLVB reflects the highly mobile mountain lion, with diverse PLVB isolates cocirculating in some areas and genetically related viruses being present in populations separated by thousands of kilometers. We conclude that PLVA and PLVB are two different viral species with distinct feline hosts and evolutionary histories. IMPORTANCE An understanding of viral evolution in natural host populations is a fundamental goal of virology, molecular biology, and disease ecology. Here we provide a detailed analysis of puma lentivirus (PLV) evolution in two natural carnivore hosts, the bobcat and mountain lion. Our results illustrate that PLV evolution is a dynamic process that results from high rates of viral mutation/recombination and host-imposed selection pressure. C1 [Lee, Justin S.; VandeWoude, Sue] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bevins, Sarah N.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Serieys, Laurel E. K.; Riley, Seth P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Vickers, Winston; Boyce, Walter M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Logan, Ken A.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Montrose, CO USA. [Aldredge, Mat] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Boydston, Erin E.; Lyren, Lisa M.] USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [McBride, Roy] Ranchers Supply Inc, Ochopee, FL USA. [Roelke-Parker, Melody; Pecon-Slattery, Jill; Troyer, Jennifer L.] NCI, Lab Genet Div, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM justinlee337@gmail.com FU Ecology of Infectious Disease grant from the National Science Foundation; Wildlife Fellowship grant from the Morris Animal Foundation FX This work was supported by an Ecology of Infectious Disease grant from the National Science Foundation and a Wildlife Fellowship grant from the Morris Animal Foundation. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 52 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 88 IS 14 BP 7727 EP 7737 DI 10.1128/JVI.00473-14 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA AK5CT UT WOS:000338442600006 PM 24741092 ER PT J AU Kaczmarek, DJ Rousseau, RJ Wright, JA Wachelka, BC AF Kaczmarek, Donald J. Rousseau, Randall J. Wright, Jeff A. Wachelka, Brian C. TI The influence of alternative plant propagation and stand establishment techniques on survival and growth of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) clones SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Short-rotation woody crops; Bioenergy feedstocks; Populus deltoides; Eastern cottonwood; Clonal propagation; Clonal selection ID DORMANT HARDWOOD CUTTINGS; HYBRID POPLAR CLONES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; EUCALYPT PLANTATIONS; PRODUCTIVITY; UNIFORMITY; DIAMETER; DYNAMICS; POSITION; CROPS AB Four eastern cottonwood clones, including standard operational clone ST66 and three advanced clonal selections were produced and included in a test utilizing five different plant propagation methods. Despite relatively large first-year growth differences among clones, all clones demonstrated similar responses to the treatments and clone x cutting treatment interactions were generally non-significant. The effects of changing cutting lengths are consistent with previous studies which indicated the potential for increased plant survival and growth with increased cutting lengths. Differences in stored carbohydrate reserves alone do not appear to completely control first-year growth and development of cuttings. First-year growth of 51 cm long cuttings planted 30.5 cm deep was greater than the same cuttings planted 48 cm deep. Stem form of plants derived from whip-tip propagation did not differ from plants derived from standard, unrooted cuttings. This propagation method offers the potential of far greater production capacity from a cutting orchard and rapid bulk-up of new or limited clones. Stand uniformity assessments suggest that surviving trees of each individual cutting treatment exhibit similar levels of growth variation. Optimization of plantation establishment techniques has the potential to increase growth of young Populus plantations. C1 [Kaczmarek, Donald J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. [Wachelka, Brian C.] MeadWestvaco Forest Res, Summerville, SC 29485 USA. [Rousseau, Randall J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Coll Forest Resources, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Wright, Jeff A.] ArborGen Inc, Ridgeville, SC 29472 USA. EM Djkaczm@yahoo.com FU Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River; Forest Service Southern Research Station FX This research was designed and installed while the senior author was a Research Scientist with MWV Forest Research. We thank this organization for their support of this research. Many individuals were instrumental in making this test possible including Keith Byrd, Ana Hahn, Neal Murdaugh, and Jamie Bryan. We would also like to thank ArborGen Corporation for providing access to these data sets and allowing this research to be published. The paper was developed and written with the support and funding provided by the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River and the Forest Service Southern Research Station. Biomass equations were developed from research and data sets developed at the Savannah River Site. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 EI 1573-5095 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 45 IS 4 BP 487 EP 506 DI 10.1007/s11056-014-9411-2 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AK1QR UT WOS:000338191100003 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Barsotti, JL Lenssen, AW Hatfield, PG AF Sainju, Upendra M. Barsotti, Joy L. Lenssen, Andrew W. Hatfield, Patrick G. TI Particulate and active soil nitrogen fractions are reduced by sheep grazing in dryland cropping systems SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Dryland cropping systems; Labile nitrogen fractions; Nitrogen cycling; Sheep grazing; Weed management ID WHEAT-FALLOW SYSTEM; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; GREAT-PLAINS; CARBON; TILLAGE; MINERALIZATION; MANAGEMENT; RESIDUES; ROTATION AB Sheep (Ovis aries L.) grazing, a cost-effective method of weed control compared to herbicide application and tillage, may influence N cycling by consuming crop residue and weeds and returning N through feces and urine to the soil. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of sheep grazing compared to tillage and herbicide application for weed control on soil particulate and active soil N fractions in dryland cropping systems. Our hypothesis was that sheep grazing used for weed control would increase particulate and active soil N fractions compared to tillage and herbicide application. Soil samples collected at the 0-30 cm depth from a Blackmore silt loam were analyzed for particulate organic N (PON), microbial biomass N (MBN), and potential N mineralization (PNM) under dryland cropping systems from 2009 to 2011 in southwestern Montana, USA. Treatments were three weed management practices [sheep grazing (grazing), herbicide application (chemical), and tillage (mechanical)] as the main plot and two cropping sequences [continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; CSW) and spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.)/barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mixture hay-fallow; W-P/B-F] as the split-plot factor arranged in randomized complete block with three replications. The PON and MBN at 0-30 cm were greater in the chemical or mechanical than the grazing treatment with CSW. The PNM at 15-30 cm was greater in the chemical or mechanical than the grazing treatment in 2009 and 2011 and at 5-15 cm was greater with W-P/B-F than CSW in 2010. From 2009 to 2011, PON at 0-30 cm and PNM at 15-30 cm reduced from 2 to 580 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) in the grazing and chemical treatments, but the rate varied from -400 to 2 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) in the mechanical treatment. Lower amount of labile than nonlabile organic matter returned to the soil through feces and urine probably reduced soil active and coarse organic matter N fractions with sheep grazing compared to herbicide application and tillage for weed control. Reduction in the rate of decline in N fractions from 2009 to 2011 compared to the herbicide application treatment, however, suggests that sheep grazing may stabilize N fractions in the long-term if the intensity of grazing is reduced. Animal grazing may reduce soil N fractions in annual cropping systems in contrast to known increased fractions in perennial cropping systems. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Barsotti, Joy L.] ARS, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Lenssen, Andrew W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hatfield, Patrick G.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), ARS, Northern Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, 1500 North Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov FU [USDA-CSREES-ICGP-0002154] FX We appreciate the excellent technical supports provided by Ashlee Johnson for soil and plant sample collections in the field and Jana Seright and Rene' France for analysis in the laboratory. We also thank Drs. Hayes Goosey and Zachary Miller for farm management and research coordination. We acknowledge the funding for this project from USDA-CSREES-ICGP-0002154. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 EI 1573-0867 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 79 EP 93 DI 10.1007/s10705-014-9619-8 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AK2DT UT WOS:000338230000006 ER PT J AU Ireland, KB Moore, MM Fule, PZ Zegler, TJ Keane, RE AF Ireland, Kathryn B. Moore, Margaret M. Fule, Peter Z. Zegler, Thomas J. Keane, Robert E. TI Slow lifelong growth predisposes Populus tremuloides trees to mortality SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Quaking aspen; Populus tremuloides; Tree mortality; Growth pattern; Decline; Dendroecology ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ASPEN DIEBACK; MODELS; DROUGHT; FORESTS; DEATH; RATES; LIKELIHOOD; PATTERNS AB Widespread dieback of aspen forests, sometimes called sudden aspen decline, has been observed throughout much of western North America, with the highest mortality rates in the southwestern United States. Recent aspen mortality has been linked to drought stress and elevated temperatures characteristic of conditions expected under climate change, but the role of individual aspen tree growth patterns in contributing to recent tree mortality is less well known. We used tree-ring data to investigate the relationship between an individual aspen tree's lifetime growth patterns and mortality. Surviving aspen trees had consistently higher average growth rates for at least 100 years than dead trees. Contrary to observations from late successional species, slow initial growth rates were not associated with a longer lifespan in aspen. Aspen trees that died had slower lifetime growth and slower growth at various stages of their lives than those that survived. Differences in average diameter growth between live and dead trees were significant (alpha = 0.05) across all time periods tested. Our best logistical model of aspen mortality indicates that younger aspen trees with lower recent growth rates and higher frequencies of abrupt growth declines had an increased risk of mortality. Our findings highlight the need for species-specific mortality functions in forest succession models. Size-dependent mortality functions suitable for late successional species may not be appropriate for species with different life history strategies. For some early successional species, like aspen, slow growth at various stages of the tree's life is associated with increased mortality risk. C1 [Ireland, Kathryn B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Moore, Margaret M.; Fule, Peter Z.; Zegler, Thomas J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Keane, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Ireland, KB (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM kathryn.ireland@montana.edu FU Northern Arizona University's School of Forestry Mission Research program; Science Foundation Arizona, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [08-JV-11221633-244]; USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Monitoring Program [INT-EM-B-10-04]; Lucking Family Foundation FX We thank staff and students at the Ecological Restoration Institute at Northern Arizona University, especially Don Normandin and Scott Curran. The US Forest Service (USFS) Williams Ranger District of the Kaibab National Forest provided logistical assistance. We benefited from statistical advice from Roy St. Laurent with Northern Arizona University's Statistical Consulting Lab. We thank Larissa Yocom and Amanda Stan for editorial assistance and Signe Leirfallom USFS Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory for lab assistance. Mary Lou Fairweather with the USFS Arizona Zone of Forest Health Protection and Carolyn Sieg with the USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station provided logistical assistance. This work was supported by Northern Arizona University's School of Forestry Mission Research program (McIntire-Stennis), a fellowship through Science Foundation Arizona, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Award #08-JV-11221633-244 and USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Monitoring Program, Award #INT-EM-B-10-04, and the Lucking Family Foundation. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments, which improved the quality of this manuscript. The sampling and all research complies with the current laws of the country (United States) in which the study was performed. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2014 VL 175 IS 3 BP 847 EP 859 DI 10.1007/s00442-014-2951-5 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK1UO UT WOS:000338202600010 PM 24817158 ER PT J AU Souza, GA Hart, JJ Carvalho, JG Rutzke, MA Albrecht, JC Guilherme, LRG Kochian, LV Li, L AF Souza, Guilherme A. Hart, Jonathan J. Carvalho, Janice G. Rutzke, Michael A. Albrecht, Julio Cesar Guilherme, Luiz Roberto G. Kochian, Leon V. Li, Li TI Genotypic variation of zinc and selenium concentration in grains of Brazilian wheat lines SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Zinc; Selenium; Germplasm; Biofortification; Triticum aestivum L ID STAPLE FOOD CROPS; IRON CONCENTRATION; MINERAL ELEMENTS; WINTER-WHEAT; BIOFORTIFICATION; PLANTS; YIELD; RICE; BIOAVAILABILITY; MICRONUTRIENTS AB Exploration of genetic resources for micronutrient concentrations facilitates the breeding of nutrientdense crops, which is increasingly seen as an additional, sustainable strategy to combat global micronutrient deficiency. In this work, we evaluated genotypic variation in grain nutrient concentrations of 20 Brazil wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions in response to zinc (Zn) and Zn plus selenium (Se) treatment. Zn and Se concentrations in grains exhibited 2- and 1.5-fold difference, respectively, between these wheat accessions. A variation of up to 3-fold enhancement of grain Zn concentration was observed when additionally Zn was supplied, indicating a wide range capacity of the wheat lines in accumulating Zn in grains. Moreover, grain Zn concentration was further enhanced in some lines following supply of Zn plus Se, showing stimulative effect by Se and the feasibility of simultaneous biofortification of Zn and Se in grains of some wheat lines. In addition, Se supply with Zn improved the accumulation of another important micronutrient, iron (Fe), in grains of half of these wheat lines, suggesting a beneficial role of simultaneous biofortification of Zn with Se. The significant diversity in these wheat accessions offers genetic potential for developing cultivars with better ability to accumulate important micronutrients in grains. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Souza, Guilherme A.; Hart, Jonathan J.; Rutzke, Michael A.; Kochian, Leon V.; Li, Li] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Souza, Guilherme A.; Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Souza, Guilherme A.; Carvalho, Janice G.; Guilherme, Luiz Roberto G.] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Soil Sci, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. [Albrecht, Julio Cesar] Embrapa Cerrados CPAC, BR-73310970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM amaralufla@gmail.com; jjh16@cornell.edu; janicegc@ufla.dcs.br; mar9@cornell.edu; julio.albrecht@embrapa.br; guilherm@dcs.ufla.br; lvk1@cornell.edu; ll37@cornell.edu RI Guilherme, Luiz Roberto/B-3998-2009; OI Guilherme, Luiz Roberto/0000-0002-5387-6028; Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); CAPES; FAPEMIG; USDA-ARS base fund FX Authors are thankful to Embrapa CPAC for providing the wheat seeds. We thank Shree Giri and Eric Craft for helping analyze mineral contents by ICP. G.A.S. is grateful to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) for granting the doctorate scholarships (regular and sandwich program), CAPES and FAPEMIG for granting support. This work was partially supported by the USDA-ARS base fund. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 224 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.03.022 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA AK4OA UT WOS:000338402800004 PM 24908503 ER PT J AU Jiang, S Hester, PY Hu, JY Yan, FF Dennis, RL Cheng, HW AF Jiang, S. Hester, P. Y. Hu, J. Y. Yan, F. F. Dennis, R. L. Cheng, H. W. TI Effect of perches on liver health of hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fatty liver; abdominal fat; perch; conventional cage; laying hen ID GROUP HOUSING SYSTEMS; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; LAYING HENS; FURNISHED CAGES; ADIPONECTIN; CHICKEN; WELFARE; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; ADIPOSE AB Fatty liver is a common energy metabolic disorder in caged laying hens. Considering that the egg industry is shifting from conventional cages to alternative housing systems such as enriched cages, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of perches on fat deposition and liver health in laying hens. Three hundred twenty-four 17-wk-old White Leghorn hens were housed in 1 of 4 treatments with 9 hens per cage. Treatment 1 hens never had access to perches during their life cycle. Treatment 2 hens had access to perches during the pullet phase only. Treatment 3 hens had access to perches during the laying phase only. Treatment 4 hens always had access to perches. Liver weight, abdominal fat pad weight, BW, liver fat, and circulating alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and adiponectin were determined. Provision of perches during either the rearing or laying phase did not affect liver health in 71-wk-old hens. However, perch access compared with no perch access during the egg laying phase reduced relative fat pad weight. These results suggest that providing perches as a means of stimulating activity reduced abdominal fat deposition in caged hens during the laying period. However, perch access in caged hens was ineffective in reducing fat deposition in the liver and altering enzyme activities related to improved liver function. C1 [Jiang, S.] Southwest Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China. [Hester, P. Y.; Hu, J. Y.; Yan, F. F.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dennis, R. L.; Cheng, H. W.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu FU Doctoral Fund of Southwest University [SWU113058]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-67021-30114] FX This project was provided by the Doctoral Fund of Southwest University (project no. SWU113058) and Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant no. 2011-67021-30114 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. We thank F. A. Haan and B. D. Little of Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, for the management and care of the birds. Gratitude is extended to S. A. Enneking and graduate students and staff of the Livestock Behavior Research Unit of the USDA-Agricultural Research Services for their technical assistance. Perches were donated by T. L. Pollard of Big Dutchman (Holland, MI), and the chicks were provided by Hy-Line Hatchery (Warren, IN). NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1618 EP 1622 DI 10.3382/ps.2013-03659 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AK5AQ UT WOS:000338436600003 PM 24812236 ER PT J AU Eady, M Samuel, D Bowker, B AF Eady, M. Samuel, D. Bowker, B. TI Effect of pH and postmortem aging on protein extraction from broiler breast muscle SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aging; broiler breast meat; myofibrillar protein; pH; sarcoplasmic protein ID WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY; BEEF STRIP LOINS; POST-MORTEM; GELATION PROPERTIES; CHICKEN BREAST; MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; CENTRIFUGAL DRIP; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; MEAT AB This study determined the effects of extraction buffer pH and postmortem aging on the extraction of salt-soluble and water-soluble proteins from broiler pectoralis muscle. Deboned broiler breast fillets were collected at 4 h postmortem, packaged, and then stored at 4 degrees C until 1, 5, or 8 d postmortem. After the designated aging period, salt-soluble and water-soluble protein extractions were performed using buffers at 7 different pH levels (pH 5.4, 6.4, 6.9, 7.2, 7.5, 8.0, 9.0). Protein concentrations of the extracts were measured and SDS-PAGE analysis was performed. Salt-soluble protein concentration increased (P < 0.0001) as buffer pH increased from pH 5.4 to 6.9 and then remained unchanged from pH 6.9 to 9.0. Water-soluble protein concentration increased (P < 0.0001) as buffer pH increased from pH 5.4 to 7.2 and then remained unchanged from pH 7.2 to 9.0. There was not a significant extraction buffer pH by aging treatment interaction for the total protein concentration of either the salt-soluble or water-soluble protein extracts. The protein concentrations of salt-soluble extracts were similar at both 1 and 8 d postmortem but lower (P < 0.0001) at 5 d postmortem. The protein concentrations of water-soluble extracts were similar at both 1 and 5 d postmortem, but higher (P < 0.0001) at 8 d. Both extraction buffer pH and postmortem aging influenced the SDS-PAGE protein profiles of salt-soluble and water-soluble protein extracts from breast muscles. Data demonstrate that postmortem aging and extraction buffer pH influence both the total amount and the composition of the myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins that can be extracted from broiler breast fillets. C1 [Eady, M.; Samuel, D.; Bowker, B.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bowker, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM brian.bowker@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1825 EP 1833 DI 10.3382/ps.2013-03619 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AK5AQ UT WOS:000338436600026 PM 24812239 ER PT J AU Bowker, B Hawkins, S Zhuang, H AF Bowker, B. Hawkins, S. Zhuang, H. TI Measurement of water-holding capacity in raw and freeze-dried broiler breast meat with visible and near-infrared spectroscopy SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler breast meat; freeze-dried; meat quality; visible-near infrared spectroscopy; water-holding capacity ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PORK QUALITY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; CHICKEN CARCASSES; CRUDE PROTEIN; POULTRY MEAT; PREDICTION; MUSCLE; COLOR AB The feasibility of using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (vis/NIR) to segregate broiler breast fillets by water-holding capacity (WHC) was determined. Broiler breast fillets (n = 72) were selected from a commercial deboning line based on visual color assessment. Meat color (L*a*b*), pH (2 and 24 h), drip loss, and salt-induced water uptake were measured. Reflectance measurements were recorded from 400 to 2,500 nm in both raw and freeze-dried breast meat samples. Raw and freeze-dried samples had similar spectra in the visible region (400-750 nm), but the freeze-dried samples exhibited numerous bands in the NIR region (750-2,500 nm) corresponding to muscle proteins and lipids that were not observed in the NIR spectra of the raw samples. Linear discriminate analyses were used to classify fillets as high-WHC or low-WHC according to predicted meat quality characteristics. Using the visible spectra (400-750 nm), fillets could be correctly classified into high-WHC and low-WHC groups based on drip loss and salt-induced water uptake with 88 to 92% accuracy in raw samples and 79 to 86% accuracy in freeze-dried samples. Using the NIR spectra (7502,500 nm), fillets could be correctly classified into high-WHC and low-WHC groups with 74 to 76% accuracy in raw samples and 85 to 86% accuracy in freeze-dried samples. Thus, freeze-drying enhanced the accuracy of WHC classification using the NIR portion of the spectra. Data from this study demonstrate the potential for utilizing vis/NIR spectroscopy as a method for classifying broiler breast meat according to WHC. C1 [Bowker, B.; Hawkins, S.; Zhuang, H.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bowker, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM brian.bowker@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1834 EP 1841 DI 10.3382/ps.2013-03651 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA AK5AQ UT WOS:000338436600027 PM 24864280 ER PT J AU Talbott, H Delaney, A Zhang, P Yu, YS Cushman, RA Cupp, AS Hou, XY Davis, JS AF Talbott, Heather Delaney, Abigail Zhang, Pan Yu, Yangsheng Cushman, Robert A. Cupp, Andrea S. Hou, Xiaoying Davis, John S. TI Effects of IL8 and immune cells on the regulation of luteal progesterone secretion SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID BOVINE CORPUS-LUTEUM; MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INDUCED LUTEOLYSIS; MOLECULAR CONTROL; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; EARLY-PREGNANCY; ESTROUS-CYCLE; REGRESSION; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA AB Recent studies have suggested that chemokines may mediate the luteolytic action of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF). Our objective was to identify chemokines induced by PGF in vivo and to determine the effects of interleukin 8 (IL8) on specific luteal cell types in vitro. Mid-cycle cows were injected with saline or PGF, ovaries were removed after 0.5-4 h, and expression of chemokine was analyzed by qPCR. In vitro expression of IL8 was analyzed after PGF administration and with cell signaling inhibitors to determine the mechanism of PGF-induced chemokine expression. Purified neutrophils were analyzed for migration and activation in response to IL8 and PGF. Purified luteal cell types (steroidogenic, endothelial, and fibroblast cells) were used to identify which cells respond to chemokines. Neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cocultured with steroidogenic cells to determine their effect on progesterone production. IL8, CXCL2, CCL2, and CCL8 transcripts were rapidly increased following PGF treatment in vivo. The stimulatory action of PGF on IL8 mRNA expression in vitro was prevented by inhibition of p38 and JNK signaling. IL8, but not PGF, TNF, or TGFB1, stimulated neutrophil migration. IL8 had no apparent action in purified luteal steroidogenic, endothelial, or fibroblast cells, but stimulated ERK phosphorylation in neutrophils. In coculture experiments neither IL8 nor activated neutrophils altered basal or LH-stimulated luteal cell progesterone synthesis. In contrast, activated PBMCs inhibited LH-stimulated progesterone synthesis from cultured luteal cells. These data implicate a complex cascade of events during luteolysis, involving chemokine signaling, neutrophil recruitment, and immune cell action within the corpus luteum. C1 [Talbott, Heather] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Talbott, Heather; Delaney, Abigail; Zhang, Pan; Hou, Xiaoying; Davis, John S.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Olson Ctr Womens Hlth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Yu, Yangsheng] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Cushman, Robert A.] USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Cupp, Andrea S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Davis, John S.] VA Nebraska Western Iowa Hlth Care Syst, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. RP Davis, JS (reprint author), VA Nebraska Western Iowa Hlth Care Syst, 983255 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM jsdavis@unmc.edu OI Talbott, Heather/0000-0002-6140-9059 FU Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2011-67015-20076]; Department of Veterans Affairs; National Institutes of Health [1 P01 AG029531]; Olson Center for Women's Health; Exceptional Incoming Graduate Student Award FX This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2011-67015-20076 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (J S Davis); the Department of Veterans Affairs (J S Davis), the National Institutes of Health 1 P01 AG029531; the Olson Center for Women's Health (A Delaney and J S Davis), and an Exceptional Incoming Graduate Student Award (H Talbott). NR 65 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD JUL PY 2014 VL 148 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1530/REP-13-0602 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA AK6KP UT WOS:000338536800005 PM 24686456 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Wong, WW Wilson, TA Adolph, AL Puyau, MR Zakeri, IF AF Butte, Nancy F. Wong, William W. Wilson, Theresa A. Adolph, Anne L. Puyau, Maurice R. Zakeri, Issa F. TI Revision of Dietary Reference Intakes for energy in preschool-age children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; 5-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EXPENDITURE; RATIO AB Background: Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for energy aim to balance energy expenditure at a level of physical activity consistent with health and support adequate growth in children. DR's were derived from total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method; however, the database was limited in the 3-5-y-old range. Objective: We reexamined the DRI for energy for preschool-age children. Design: Ninety-seven healthy, normal-weight, preschool-age children (mean +/- SD age: 4.5 +/- 0.9 y) completed a 7-d DLW protocol while wearing accelerometer and heart rate monitoring devices. Results: Mean TEE and physical activity level (PAL) averaged 1159 +/- 171 kcal/d and 1.34 +/- 0.14, respectively. TEE predicted by DR1 equations agreed with observed TEE (+34 kcaUd or 3%) if the sedentary PAL category was assumed but was overestimated by using the low active (+219 kcal/d or 19%), active (398 kcal/d or 34%), and very active (593 kcaUd or 51%) PAL categories. PAL categories were redefined on the basis of the narrower PAL range observed in preschoolers (range: 1.05-1.70) compared with older children and adults (range: 1.0-2.5). Sex-specific nonlinear regression models were newly developed to predict TEE from age, weight, height, and new PAL categories. The mean absolute error of TEE prediction equations was 0.00 +/- 35 kcal/d or 0.1 +/- 3%. Ancillary measures, such as total accelerometer counts and total daily steps, that were significantly correlated (P = 0.01-0.05) with TEE (r = 0.26-0.38), TEE per kilogram (r = 0.31-0.41), and PAL (r = 0.36-0.48) may assist in the classification of preschoolers into PAL categories. Conclusions: Current DRIs for energy overestimate energy requirements of preschool-age children because of the erroneous classification of children into PAL categories. New TEE prediction equations that are based on DLW and appropriate PAL categories are recommended for preschool-age children. C1 [Butte, Nancy F.; Wong, William W.; Wilson, Theresa A.; Adolph, Anne L.; Puyau, Maurice R.] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. [Zakeri, Issa F.] Drexel Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.edu FU USDA/Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-0-008]; NIFI [ROI DK085163] FX Supported by the USDA/Agricultural Research Service (cooperative agreement 58-6250-0-008) and the NIFI (grant ROI DK085163) NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 100 IS 1 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.3945/ajcn.113.081703 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AJ7FG UT WOS:000337862000018 PM 24808489 ER PT J AU Pribis, P Shukitt-Hale, B AF Pribis, Peter Shukitt-Hale, Barbara TI Cognition: the new frontier for nuts and berries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition (ICVN) CY FEB 24-26, 2013 CL Loma Linda Univ, Loma Linda, CA SP Loma Linda Univ Hlth, Kelloggs, Calif Walnut Commiss, Silk, Lifestyle Med Inst Sanitarium Hlth & Wellbeing, LifeLong Hlth, Int Nut & Dried Fruit Council HO Loma Linda Univ ID SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES MEMORY; CONCORD GRAPE JUICE; FACTOR BDNF LEVELS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; OXIDATIVE STRESS; OLDER-ADULTS; AGED RATS; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AB The inclusion of nuts in the diet is associated with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease, hypertension, gallstones, diabetes, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and visceral obesity. Frequent consumption of berries seems to be associated with improved cardiovascular and cancer outcomes, improved immune function, and decreased recurrence of urinary tract infections; the consumption of nuts and berries is associated with reduction in oxidative damage, inflammation, vascular reactivity, and platelet aggregation, and improvement in immune functions. However, only recently have the effects of nut and berry consumption on the brain, different neural systems, and cognition been studied. There is growing evidence that the synergy and interaction of all of the nutrients and other bioactive components in nuts and berries can have a beneficial effect on the brain and cognition. Regular nut consumption, berry consumption, or both could possibly be used as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy in the treatment and prevention of several neurodegenerative diseases and age-related brain dysfunction. A number of animal and a growing number of human studies show that moderate-duration dietary supplementation with nuts, berry fruit, or both is capable of altering cognitive performance in humans, perhaps forestalling or reversing the effects of neurodegeneration in aging. C1 [Pribis, Peter] Andrews Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Wellness, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Neurosci & Aging Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Pribis, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Coll Educ, Dept Individual Family & Community Educ, Nutr & Dietet Program, Hokona Hall 156,MSC05 3040, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM pribis@unm.edu NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 100 IS 1 SU S BP 347S EP 352S DI 10.3945/ajcn.113.071506 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA AJ7FI UT WOS:000337862200006 PM 24871475 ER PT J AU Prager, SM Martini, X Guvvala, H Nansen, C Lundgren, J AF Prager, S. M. Martini, X. Guvvala, H. Nansen, C. Lundgren, J. TI Spider mite infestations reduce Bacillus thuringiensis toxin concentration in corn leaves and predators avoid spider mites that have fed on Bacillus thuringiensis corn SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cry1Ab; Cry3Bb1; predation; Phytoseiulus persimilis; Tetranychus cinnabarinus ID CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA NEUROPTERA; GENETICALLY-MODIFIED CROPS; BT TRANSGENIC COTTON; PHYTOSEIULUS-PERSIMILIS; CRY1AB TOXIN; NONTARGET ORGANISMS; INSECTICIDAL CROPS; NATURAL ENEMIES; PREY PREFERENCE; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB Perceived benefits of insecticidal transgenic crops include reduced usage of broad-based insecticides, and therefore lower risk to non-target organisms. Numerous studies have documented low or no direct toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-derived toxins against non-target organisms, but there has been less research on (a) effects of secondary pest infestations on Bt expressing in crops and (b) behavioural responses by predators feeding on host arthropods from Bt crops - both topics are investigated in this study. We quantified predation by the obligate spider mite predator Phytoseiulus persimilis of carmine spider mites (Tetranychus cinnabarinus), reared on Bt or non-Bt corn (Zea mays). Both no-choice and two-choice studies were conducted. In addition, we quantified toxin levels in corn leaves with/without spider mite infestation. Under no-choice conditions, P. persimilis consumed non-Bt spider mites at a faster rate than Bt spider mites. Under two-choice conditions, P. persimilis spent more time in the vicinity of non-Bt spider mites than near Bt spider mites. Corn infested with spider mites exhibited lower toxin levels than non-infested plants. These results suggest potentially complex interactions among non-target herbivores, their natural enemies and Bt crops. C1 [Prager, S. M.; Martini, X.; Nansen, C.] Texas AgriLife Res, Dept Entomol, Lubbock, TX USA. [Prager, S. M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Martini, X.] Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Lake Alfred, FL USA. [Guvvala, H.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Nansen, C.] Univ Western Australia, UWA Inst Agr, Sch Anim Biol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Lundgren, J.] USDA ARS, North Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. RP Prager, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM sprager@ucr.edu RI Martini, Xavier/E-7709-2012 NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0003-4746 EI 1744-7348 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 165 IS 1 BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.1111/aab.12120 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA AJ4SC UT WOS:000337665100009 ER PT J AU Sosnoskie, LM Webster, TM Grey, TL Culpepper, AS AF Sosnoskie, L. M. Webster, T. M. Grey, T. L. Culpepper, A. S. TI Severed stems of Amaranthus palmeri are capable of regrowth and seed production in Gossypium hirsutum SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glyphosate resistance; hand-hoeing; herbicide resistance; Palmer amaranth; physical control; seed production ID GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANCE; GLYCINE-MAX; CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; EMERGENCE DATE; GROWTH; WEED; INTERFERENCE; DEFOLIATION; RUDIS; CROP AB Field studies were conducted to evaluate the capacity of Amaranthus palmeri to grow and reproduce following incomplete physical control in Gossypium hirsutum fields. A. palmeri plants that emerged simultaneously with a G. hirsutum crop were selected for use. Treatments included severing the main stem of flowering plants at heights of 0, 3 and 15 cm above the soil level. A non-cut/intact control, in which the apical meristem was not removed, was also included. Six weeks after treatment, intact A. palmeri plants had grown to a mean height of 210 cm (SE = 38) and produced 477 408 (SE = 81 250) seeds per plant. Thirty-five percent of the A. palmeri plants cut back to a height of 15 cm above the soil level did not recover from the treatment; survivors regrew to a mean height of 102 cm (51% reduction, compared to intact plants) and produced 116 000 seeds per plant (73% reduction). A. palmeri plants cut to 3 cm above the soil level had a mortality rate of 64%, an 82% reduction in final plant height, and produced 28 000 seeds per plant. When stems were severed at the soil surface, plant mortality was 95%; final plant height and seed production of survivors were reduced by 95 and 99%, respectively, relative to the control. G. hirsutum seeded yields exceeded 3 t ha(-1) when A. palmeri plants were cut back to at least 15 cm, whereas yield was reduced 50% in the control treatment, where A. palmeri growth was not interrupted by cutting. In conclusion, while there is immediate benefit of removing A. palmeri plants in terms of G. hirsutum yield, incomplete stem removal can have multi-season implications. Results demonstrate that severely pruned A. palmeri plants can resume growth, reach reproductive maturity and produce viable seed, which have the potential to repopulate soil seedbanks. C1 [Sosnoskie, L. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Webster, T. M.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Grey, T. L.; Culpepper, A. S.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Webster, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, 2747 Davis Rd, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM ted.webster@ars.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0003-4746 EI 1744-7348 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 165 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1111/aab.12129 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA AJ4SC UT WOS:000337665100013 ER PT J AU Lister, TW Lister, AJ Alexander, E AF Lister, Tonya W. Lister, Andrew J. Alexander, Eunice TI Land use change monitoring in Maryland using a probabilistic sample and rapid photointerpretation SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Land use change; Forest loss; Photointerpretation; Maryland forests; Forest monitoring ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MODEL-BASED INFERENCE; URBAN INTERFACE; COVER DATABASE; RESOLUTION; UNCERTAINTY; ACCURACY; RESOURCE; FORESTS; CANOPY AB The U.S. state of Maryland needs to monitor land use change in order to address land management objectives. This paper presents a change detection method that, through automation and standard geographic information system (GIS) techniques, facilitates the estimation of landscape change via photointerpretation. Using the protocols developed, we show a net loss of forest land, with losses due primarily to urban development and most gains in forest land coming from agricultural land conversions. This study indicates that about 75,000 photo plots would be needed to estimate land use change in Maryland at the county-level, assuming a uniform sampling intensity and a maximum desired county-level sampling error of 20 percent, with an estimated time requirement of 125 h. The protocol we present for designing, planning and conducting a photointerpretation-based land use change procedure can be used by other regions and is well suited for land use change monitoring, assuming that analysis of opportunity costs suggests that existing or new remotely sensed imagery classifications do not meet user needs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lister, Tonya W.; Lister, Andrew J.; Alexander, Eunice] US Forest Serv, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Lister, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 11 Campus Blvd, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM tlister01@fs.fed.us; alister@fs.fed.us; alexander_helj@verizon.net OI Alexander, Eunice/0000-0002-1727-9154 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 EI 1873-7730 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 51 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.03.002 PG 7 WC Geography SC Geography GA AJ7EH UT WOS:000337859500001 ER PT J AU Dalmeijer, GW van der Schouw, YT Booth, SL de Jong, PA Beulens, JWJ AF Dalmeijer, Geertje W. van der Schouw, Yvonne T. Booth, Sarah L. de Jong, Pim A. Beulens, Joline W. J. TI Phylloquinone Concentrations and the Risk of Vascular Calcification in Healthy Women SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; nutrition; phylloquinone; vascular calcification ID VITAMIN-K STATUS; CORONARY-ARTERY CALCIUM; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; MENAQUINONE INTAKE; EPOXIDE REDUCTASE; DIETARY-INTAKE; HEART-DISEASE; POLYMORPHISM; ASSOCIATION; PROGRESSION AB Objective-To investigate the association of plasma phylloquinone concentrations with coronary artery calcification (CAC) and vascular calcification. Approach and results-In a prospective cohort of 508 postmenopausal women, plasma phylloquinone concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Calcification was measured in the coronary arteries, aortic valve, mitral valve, and thoracic aorta by multidetector computed tomography. To combine these calcification scores, we dichotomized each of the 4 areas into present or absent. Because of the continuous measurement of CAC, we categorized this as calcification present if Agatston score was >0, and calcification score was calculated as the sum of the calcified areas. Multivariate-adjusted prevalence ratios and odds ratios were estimated using Poisson regression and multinomial logistic regression. After 8.5 years of follow-up, 22% of the women had no calcification, whereas 5% had calcification in all measured areas. Detectable phylloquinone concentrations were associated with increased CAC compared with nondetectable phylloquinone concentrations with a prevalence ratio of 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.77). When dividing women with detectable phylloquinone concentrations into low detectable (>0-0.70 nmol/L) and moderate to high detectable (>0.70 nmol/L) phylloquinone concentrations versus nondetectable phylloquinone concentrations, both were associated with increased CAC with a prevalence ratio of 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.76) and 1.36 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.81), respectively. Detectable phylloquinone concentrations were not associated with the number of calcified areas with an odds ratio((no versus >= 3 areas calcifications)) of 1.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-3.99; P=0.31). Conclusions-Detectable phylloquinone concentrations are not associated with reduced vascular calcification but seemed to be associated with an increased prevalence of CAC. C1 [Dalmeijer, Geertje W.; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Beulens, Joline W. J.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. [de Jong, Pim A.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Radiol, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dalmeijer, GW (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, STR 6-131,POB 85500, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM G.W.Dalmeijer@umcutrecht.nl RI de Jong, Pim/G-7220-2014 OI de Jong, Pim/0000-0003-4840-6854 FU Netherlands Heart Foundation [2008T062]; Netherlands Organization of Health Research and Development [2100.0078] FX This research was supported by a personal Dr Dekker postdoctoral grant (2008T062) from the Netherlands Heart Foundation (J.W.J. Beulens). The data collection of this study was financially supported by grant 2100.0078 from the Netherlands Organization of Health Research and Development. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 EI 1524-4636 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1587 EP + DI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.303853 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA AJ5OC UT WOS:000337732900036 PM 24855054 ER PT J AU Holden, RM Booth, SL Tuttle, A James, PD Morton, AR Hopman, WM Nolan, RL Garland, JS AF Holden, Rachel M. Booth, Sarah L. Tuttle, Angie James, Paula D. Morton, Alexander R. Hopman, Wilma M. Nolan, Robert Louis Garland, Jocelyn S. TI Sequence Variation in Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Gene Is Associated With Survival and Progressive Coronary Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mortality; renal insufficiency, chronic; vitamin K; vitamin K epoxide reductases ID MATRIX GLA-PROTEIN; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; COAGULATION-FACTOR-VII; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION; HEART-DISEASE; ARTERY CALCIFICATION; GAMMA-CARBOXYLATION; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; VKORC1 HAPLOTYPES; SERUM CREATININE AB Objective-Sequence variations in the gene(s) encoding vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1), the enzyme target of warfarin, have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease in the general population. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a prevalent form of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. We tested the hypothesis that the VKORC1 rs8050894 CC genotype would be associated with mortality and progression of CAC <= 4 years. Approach and Results-This study is an observational, prospective study of 167 individuals with stages 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease. Survival <= 4 years was assessed in all participants, and CAC progression was measured in a subset of 86 patients. Participants with the CG/GG genotype of VKORC1 had higher baseline CAC scores (median score, 112 versus 299; P=0.036). Of those 86 patients who had a 4-year CAC score, those with the CG/GG genotype had an increased risk of progressive CAC (adjusted for age, diabetes mellitus, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and hypertension) compared with those with the CC genotype. Four-year mortality risk was 4 times higher for individuals with the CG/GG genotypes compared with individuals with the CC genotype (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-12.5; P=0.02), adjusted for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, estimated glomerular filtration rate, baseline CAC, and hypertension. Conclusions-Patients with the CG/GG genotype of VKORC1 had a higher risk of CAC progression and a poorer survival. These data provide new perspectives on the potential extrahepatic role of VKORC1 in individuals with chronic kidney disease. C1 [Holden, Rachel M.; Tuttle, Angie; James, Paula D.; Morton, Alexander R.; Nolan, Robert Louis; Garland, Jocelyn S.] Queens Univ, Kingston, ON K7L 3V6, Canada. [Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hopman, Wilma M.] Kingston Gen Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada. RP Holden, RM (reprint author), Queens Univ, 3048C Etherington Hall, Kingston, ON K7L 3V6, Canada. EM holdenr@kgh.kari.net FU Kidney Foundation of Canada; Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX This research was based on work supported by the Kidney Foundation of Canada and by the Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture (cooperative agreement 58-1950-7-707). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 EI 1524-4636 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1591 EP + DI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.303211 PG 9 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA AJ5OC UT WOS:000337732900037 PM 24855061 ER EF