FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Goff, JP Ruiz, R Horst, RL AF Goff, JP Ruiz, R Horst, RL TI Relative acidifying activity of anionic salts commonly used to prevent milk fever SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE milk fever; anionic salts; chloride; sulfate ID ACID-BASE STATUS; DAIRY-COWS; PARTURIENT HYPOCALCEMIA; CHLORIDE; PARESIS; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; CALCIUM; CATIONS AB High cation diets can cause milk fever in dairy cows as they induce a metabolic alkalosis reducing the ability of the cow to maintain calcium homeostasis at the onset of lactation. Adding anions to the diet can offset the effect of the high cation forages by inducing a mild metabolic acidosis, restoring the ability to maintain calcium homeostasis. The difference in mEq of dietary cations and anions (DCAD) is most often expressed as (Na+ + (+)) - (Cl- + S--). This equation implies that a mEq of chloride and a mEq of sulfate are equipotent in their ability to alter acid-base balance of the cow. Using blood and urine pH to monitor effects on acid-base balance, experiments were conducted to test the relative acidifying activity of various sulfate and chloride anion sources in nonpregnant, nonlactating Jersey cows. Across all experiments, chloride proved to have about 1.6 times the acidifying activity of sulfate. Calcium and magnesium, ignored by the common DCAD equation, had a small but significant alkalinizing effect when accompanying chloride or sulfate. The ranking of the anion sources tested at a dose of 2 Eq/ d, from most to least potent urine acidifier, was hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and sulfur. These data should allow more accurate prediction of the response of late gestation cows to dietary cation-anion manipulation. C1 ARS, Metab Dis & Immunol Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Goff, JP (reprint author), ARS, Metab Dis & Immunol Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jgoff@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1245 EP 1255 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 819NL UT WOS:000221321600016 PM 15290973 ER PT J AU Broderick, GA Uden, P Murphy, ML Lapins, A AF Broderick, GA Uden, P Murphy, ML Lapins, A TI Sources of variation in rates of in vitro ruminal protein degradation SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE protein degradation; rumen; inhibitor in vitro ID FED ALFALFA SILAGE; AMINO-ACIDS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; SOLE FORAGE; RUMEN; INVITRO; COWS; MICROORGANISMS; NITROGEN; FIBER AB Rates and extents of ruminal protein degradation for casein, solvent soybean meal (SSBM), expeller soybean meal (ESBM), and alfalfa hay were estimated from net appearance of NH3 and total amino acids in in vitro media containing 1 mM hydrazine and 30 mg/L of chloramphenicol. Protein was added at 0.13 mg of N/mL of medium, and incubations were conducted for 4 to 6 h, usually with hourly sampling. Inocula were obtained from ruminally cannulated donor cows fed diets of grass silage or alfalfa and corn silages plus concentrates. Preincubation or dialysis of inocula was used to suppress background NH3 and total amino acids; however, preincubation yielded more rapid degradation rates for casein and SSBM and was used in subsequent incubations. Preincubation with added vitamins, VFA, hemin, or N did not alter protein degradation. Protein degradation rates estimated for SSBM, ESBM, and alfalfa were not different when computed from total N release or N release in NH3 plus total amino acids, regardless of whether amino acids were quantified using ninhydrin colorimetry or o-phthalaldehyde fluorescence. Accounting for the release of peptide-N also did not affect estimated degradation. However, casein degradation rates were more rapid when using total N release or accounting for peptide-N, indicating significant accumulation of small peptides during its breakdown. Rates also were more rapid with inocula from lactating cows versus nonlactating cows with lower feed intake. Protein degradation rates were different due to time after feeding: casein rate was more rapid, but SSBM and ESBM rates were slower with inocula obtained after feeding. Several characteristics of ruminal inoculum that influenced breakdown of the rapidly degraded protein casein did not appear to have direct effects on degradation of protein in soybean meal. C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sveriges Lantbruksuniv, Kungsangen Forskningscentrum, S-75323 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gbroderi@wisc.edu NR 41 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1345 EP 1359 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 819NL UT WOS:000221321600025 PM 15290982 ER PT J AU Broderick, GA Murphy, ML Uden, P AF Broderick, GA Murphy, ML Uden, P TI Effect of inhibitor concentration and end-product accumulation on estimates of ruminal in vitro protein degradation SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE protein degradation; rumen; inhibitor in vitro ID AMINO-ACIDS; ALFALFA HAY; INVITRO; RUMEN; METABOLISM; PEPTIDES; RATES; SILAGE; FORAGE AB Effects of varying the concentrations of hydrazine sulfate (HS) and chloramphenicol ( CAP), inhibitors of microbial-N uptake and protein synthesis, on rates of protein degradation estimated from net appearance of NH3 and total amino acids (TAA) were studied in a ruminal in vitro fermentation system. Without inhibitors, recoveries of N added as NH3 and TAA were 4 and 6% after 4-h incubations, and apparent degradation rates estimated from release of NH3 and TAA for casein, solvent soybean meal (SSBM), and expeller soybean meal (ESBM) approached 0. Increasing inhibitor concentrations from the standard amounts of 1 mM HS plus 30 mg of CAP/L to 2 mM HS plus 90 mg of CAP/ L gave rise to numerically greater N recoveries and degradation rates, but these differences were not statistically significant. Compared with the standard inhibitor concentrations, use of 2 mM HS, without CAP, yielded similar recoveries and rates, but 30 or 90 mg of CAP/ L, without HS, was not satisfactory. Versus that with 1 mM HS plus 30 mg of CAP/ L, media containing 2 mM HS plus 90 mg of CAP/ L gave increased TAA recoveries and higher rates for casein, but not SSBM, in the presence of added starch. Faster degradation rates were obtained for casein, but slower rates for SSBM and ESBM, in Sweden versus Wisconsin using inocula from cows fed different diets but with similar CP and energy contents. Differences in microbial catabolism of peptides may account for differences in degradation rates observed between Sweden and Wisconsin. Adding NH3 plus free and peptide-bound amino acids to the inoculum reduced apparent degradation rates, possibly via end-product inhibition. Analysis of data from multiple time-point incubations indicated that casein degradation followed simple, first-order kinetics, while a biexponential model fitted degradation patterns for both SSBM and ESBM. C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Sveriges Lantbruksuniv, Kungsangen Forskningscentrum, S-75323 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM gbroderi@wisc.edu NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1360 EP 1371 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 819NL UT WOS:000221321600026 PM 15290983 ER PT J AU Rogers, CA Fitzgerald, AC Carr, MA Covey, BR Thomas, JD Looper, ML AF Rogers, CA Fitzgerald, AC Carr, MA Covey, BR Thomas, JD Looper, ML TI On-farm management decisions to improve beef quality of market dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; carcass characteristic; antibiotic; additional feeding ID CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS; BODY CONDITION SCORE; CULL COWS; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; INDUSTRY; PRODUCER; GROWTH AB A 3-phase study was conducted to assess on-farm management decisions to reduce antibiotic residue violations and improve carcass characteristics in market ( cull) dairy cows. In Phase 1, questionnaires were mailed to dairy producers (n = 142) to determine current on-farm management strategies for reducing antibiotic residues in market dairy cattle. In Phase 2, Holstein market cows ( n = 77) were assigned randomly to each of the 3 feeding treatments (0, 30, or 60 d). Average daily gain (ADG), body condition score (BCS), and carcass characteristics were assessed. Phase 3 determined the meat withdrawal time of Holstein cows ( n = 62) administered procaine penicillin G. Eighty-six percent of dairy farms responding to the questionnaire had at least one cow condemned annually, and no producer had a designated feeding protocol for market cows prior to selling. In Phase 2, ADG was greater in cows fed for 30 d (1.4 +/- 0.6 kg/d) than in cows fed for 60 d (0.9 +/- 0.4 kg/d). Additional feeding did not influence the carcass characteristics studied with the exception of kidney, pelvic and heart fat, which was higher in cows fed for 60 d compared with those fed for 0 and 30 d. In Phase 3, 31% of cows treated with procaine penicillin G exceeded the 10-d label withdrawal recommendation by an average of 3.1 +/- 1.9 d. Feeding market cows may not influence carcass characteristics, but can increase ADG and may ensure that recommended meat withdrawal times for antibiotics are exceeded. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Angelo State Univ, Dept Agr, San Angelo, TX 76909 USA. RP Looper, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM mlooper@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1558 EP 1564 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 819NL UT WOS:000221321600049 PM 15291006 ER PT J AU Kremer, RJ Motavalli, PP AF Kremer, RJ Motavalli, PP TI Papers presented at the 2002 ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meetings as part of the symposium "Environmental Impacts of Transgenic Crops on Soil Biological Functions." - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 805 EP 805 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822BK UT WOS:000221509200001 ER PT J AU Motavalli, PP Kremer, RJ Fang, M Means, NE AF Motavalli, PP Kremer, RJ Fang, M Means, NE TI Impact of genetically modified crops and their management on soil microbially mediated plant nutrient transformations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Impact of Transgenic Crops on Soil Biological Processes and Functions CY 2002 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASA, CSSA, SSSA ID THURINGIENSIS SUBSP KURSTAKI; AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS CORN; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; BT CORN; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY; HUMIC ACIDS; GLYPHOSATE; TOXIN AB One of the potential environmental effects of the recent rapid increase in the global agricultural area cultivated with transgenic crops is a change in soil microbially mediated processes and functions. Among the many essential functions of soil biota are soil organic matter decomposition, nutrient mineralization and immobilization, oxidation-reduction reactions, biological N fixation, and solubilization. However, relatively little research has examined the direct and indirect effects of transgenic crops and their management on microbially mediated nutrient transformations in soils. The objectives of this paper are to review the available literature related to the environmental effects of transgenic crops and their management on soil microbially mediated nutrient transformations, and to consider soil properties and climatic factors that may affect the impact of transgenic crops on these processes. Targeted genetic traits for improved plant nutrition include greater plant tolerance to low Fe availability in alkaline soils, enhanced acquisition of soil inorganic and organic P, and increased assimilation of soil N. Among the potential direct effects of transgenic crops and their management are changes in soil microbial activity due to differences in the amount and composition of root exudates, changes in microbial functions resulting from gene transfer from the transgenic crop, and alteration in microbial populations because of the effects of management practices for transgenic crops, such as pesticide applications, tillage, and application of inorganic and organic fertilizer sources. Possible indirect effects of transgenic crops, including changes in the fate of transgenic crop residues and alterations in land use and rates of soil erosion, deserve further study. Despite widespread public concern, no conclusive evidence has yet been presented that currently released transgenic crops, including both herbicide and pest resistant crops, are causing significant direct effects on stimulating or suppressing soil nutrient transformations in field environments. Further consideration of the effects of a wide range of soil properties, including the amount of clay and its mineralogy, pH, soil structure, and soil organic matter, and variations in climatic conditions, under which transgenic crops may be grown, is needed in evaluating the impact of transgenic crops on soil nutrient transformations. Future environmental evaluation of the impact of the diverse transgenic crops under development could lead to an improved understanding of soil biological functions and processes. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Motavalli, PP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM motavallip@missouri.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 57 TC 69 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 816 EP 824 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822BK UT WOS:000221509200003 PM 15224915 ER PT J AU Zablotowicz, RM Reddy, KN AF Zablotowicz, RM Reddy, KN TI Impact of glyphosate on the Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiosis with glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybean: A minireview SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Impact of Transgenic Crops on Soil Biological Processes and Functions CY 2002 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASA, CSSA, SSSA ID GLYCINE-MAX; HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE; HYDROXYBENZOIC ACIDS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; WEED MANAGEMENT; TOLERANT; METABOLISM; IDENTIFICATION; RHIZOBIACEAE; DEGRADATION AB Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] expressing an insensitive 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene has revolutionized weed control in soybean production. The soybean nitrogen fixing symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, possesses a glyphosate-sensitive enzyme and upon exposure to glyphosate accumulates shikimic acid and hydroxybenzoic acids such as protocatechuic acid (PCA), accompanied with B. japonicum growth inhibition and death at high concentrations. In a series of greenhouse and field experiments, glyphosate inhibited nodulation and nodule leghemoglobin content of GR soybean. Glyphosate accumulated in nodules of field-grown GR soybean, but its effect on nitrogenase activity of GR soybean was inconsistent in field studies. In greenhouse studies, nitrogenase activity of GR soybean following glyphosate application was transiently inhibited especially in early growth stages, with the greatest. inhibition occurring under moisture stress. Studies using bacteroid preparations showed that the level of glyphosate inhibition of bacteroid nitrogenase activity was related to in vitro glyphosate sensitivity of the B. japonicum strains. These studies indicate the potential for reduced nitrogen fixation in the GR soybean system; however, yield reductions due to this reduced N-2 fixation in early stages of growth have not been demonstrated. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zablotowicz, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rzablotowicz@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 45 TC 75 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 825 EP 831 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822BK UT WOS:000221509200004 PM 15224916 ER PT J AU Blackwood, CB Buyer, JS AF Blackwood, CB Buyer, JS TI Soil microbial communities associated with Bt and non-Bt corn in three soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Impact of Transgenic Crops on Soil Biological Processes and Functions CY 2002 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASA, CSSA, SSSA ID CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; KURSTAKI; TOXIN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PERSISTENCE; ENDOTOXIN AB The effects of expression of Cry endotoxin by Bt corn (transgenic corn engineered to express Bacillus thuringiensis toxin) on soil microbial community structure were assessed in a growth chamber experiment. Two lines of transgenic corn expressing different Cry endotoxins were compared with their respective non-transgenic isolines in three soil types with differing textures. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles from bulk soil and community-level physiological profiles (CLPP) from the rhizosphere community were used to assess community structure. Differences in PLFA profiles due to soil type were significant, accounting for 73% of the total variability in the dataset. Differences in bacterial and fungal CLPP profiles due to soil type were statistically significant, but probably not biologically important, accounting for 6.3 and 3.8% of the total variability, respectively. Neither expression of Cry endotoxin nor corn line had a significant effect on microbial profiles, except in the high-clay soil where both factors significantly affected bacterial CLPP profiles (accounting for 6.6 and 6.1% of the variability in that soil, respectively). Expression of Cry endotoxin also significantly reduced the presence of eukaryotic PLFA biomarker in bulk soils, although it is unclear which groups of eukaryotes were affected. We conclude that the effects of transgenic Bt corn in this short-term experiment are small, and longer-term investigations are necessary. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blackwood, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM blackwoc@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Blackwood, Christopher/B-3839-2010; OI Blackwood, Christopher/0000-0001-5764-6978; Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 30 TC 93 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 832 EP 836 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822BK UT WOS:000221509200005 PM 15224917 ER PT J AU Poach, ME Hunt, PG Reddy, GB Stone, KC Matheny, TA Johnson, MH Sadler, EJ AF Poach, ME Hunt, PG Reddy, GB Stone, KC Matheny, TA Johnson, MH Sadler, EJ TI Ammonia volatilization from marsh-pond-marsh constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is an undesirable mechanism for the removal of nitrogen (N) from wastewater treatment wetlands. To minimize the potential for NH3 volatilization, it is important to determine how wetland design affects NH3 volatilization. The objective of this research was to determine how the presence of a pond section affects NH3 volatilization from constructed wetlands treating wastewater from a confined swine operation. Wastewater was added at different N loads to six constructed wetlands of the marsh-pond-marsh design that were located in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA. A large enclosure was used to measure NH3 volatilization from the marsh and pond sections of each wetland in July and August of 2001. Ammonia volatilized from marsh and pond sections at rates ranging from 5 to 102 mg NH3-N m(-2) h(-1). Pond sections exhibited a significantly greater increase in the rate of NH3 volatilization (p < 0.0001) than did either marsh section as N load increased. At N loads greater than 15 kg ha(-1) d(-1), NH3 volatilization accounted for 23 to 36% of the N load. Furthermore, NH3 volatilization was the dominant (54-79%) N removal mechanism at N loads greater than 15 kg ha(-1) d(-1). Without the pond sections, NH3 volatilization would have been a minor contributor (less than 12%) to the N balance of these wetlands. To minimize NH3 volatilization, continuous marsh systems should be preferred over marsh-pond-marsh systems for the treatment of wastewater from confined animal operations. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Design, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Poach, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM poach@florence.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 844 EP 851 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822BK UT WOS:000221509200007 PM 15224919 ER PT J AU Strock, JS Porter, PM Russelle, MP AF Strock, JS Porter, PM Russelle, MP TI Cover cropping to reduce nitrate loss through subsurface drainage in the northern US Corn Belt SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TILE DRAINAGE; SURFACE-WATER; WINTER RYE; NITROGEN; SOIL; SYSTEMS; CROPS; CONTAMINATION; BICULTURES; TILLAGE AB Despite the use of best management practices for nitrogen (N) application rate and timing, significant losses of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) in drainage discharge continue to occur from row crop cropping systems. Our objective was to determine whether a autumn-seeded winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop following corn (Zea mays L.) would reduce NO3--N losses through subsurface the drainage in a corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping system in the northern Corn Belt (USA) in a moderately well-drained soil. Both phases of the corn-soybean rotation, with and without the winter rye cover crop following corn, were established in 1998 in a Normania clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Haplustoll) soil at Lamberton, MN. Cover cropping did not affect subsequent soybean yield, but reduced drainage discharge, flow-weighted mean nitrate concentration (FWMNC), and NO3--N loss relative to winter fallow, although the magnitude of the effect varied considerably with annual precipitation. Three-year average drainage discharge was lower with a winter rye cover crop than without (p = 0.06). Over three years, subsurface tile-drainage discharge was reduced 11% and NO3--N loss was reduced 13% for a corn-soybean cropping system with a rye cover crop following corn than with no rye cover crop. We estimate that establishment of a winter rye cover crop after corn will be successful in one of four years in southwestern Minnesota. Cover cropping with rye has the potential to be an effective management tool for reducing NO3--N loss from subsurface drainage discharge despite challenges to establishment and spring growth in the north-central USA. C1 Univ Minnesota, SW Res & Outreach Ctr, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Strock, JS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, SW Res & Outreach Ctr, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. EM jstrock@umn.edu NR 32 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1010 EP 1016 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822BK UT WOS:000221509200026 PM 15224938 ER PT J AU Gish, TJ Kung, KJS Perry, DC Posner, J Bubenzer, G Helling, CS Kladivko, EJ Steenhuis, TS AF Gish, TJ Kung, KJS Perry, DC Posner, J Bubenzer, G Helling, CS Kladivko, EJ Steenhuis, TS TI Impact of preferential flow at varying irrigation rates by quantifying mass fluxes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DRAINAGE WATER-QUALITY; SILT LOAM SOIL; FIELD-SCALE; TRANSPORT; TRACERS; MOVEMENT; GROUNDWATER; MACROPORES; PESTICIDES; PARAMETERS AB Solute concentration and soluble dye studies inferring that preferential flow accelerates field-scale contaminant transport are common but flux measurements quantifying its impact are essentially nonexistent. A tile-drain facility was used to determine the influence of matrix and preferential flow processes on the flux of mobile tracers subjected to different irrigation regimes (4.4 and 0.89 mm h(-1)) in a silt loam soil. After tile outflow reached steady state either bromide (Br; 280 kg ha(-1)) or pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA; 121 kg ha(-1)) was applied through the irrigation system inside a shed (3.5 x 24 m). Bromide fluxes were monitored at an irrigation rate of 4.4 mm h(-1) while PFBA fluxes were monitored at an irrigation rate of 0.89 mm h(-1). At 4.4 mm h(-1) nearly one-third of the surface-applied Br was recovered in the tile line after only 124 mm of irrigation and was poorly fit by the one-dimensional convective-dispersive equation (CDE). On the other hand, the one-dimensional CDE fit the main PFBA breakthrough pattern almost perfectly, suggesting the PFBA transport was dominated by matrix flow. Furthermore, after 225 mm of water had been applied, less than 2% of the applied PFBA had been leached through the soil compared with more than 59% of the applied Br. This study demonstrates that the methodology of applying a narrow strip of chemical to a tile drain facility is appropriate for quantifying chemical fluxes at the small-field scale and also suggests that there may be a critical input flux whereby preferential flow is initiated. C1 USDA ARS, BARC, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gish, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tgish@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1033 EP 1040 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822BK UT WOS:000221509200029 PM 15224941 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Moore, PA Maxwell, CV Haggard, BE Daniel, TC AF Smith, DR Moore, PA Maxwell, CV Haggard, BE Daniel, TC TI Reducing phosphorus runoff from swine manure with dietary phytase and aluminum chloride SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POULTRY MANURE AB Phosphorus (P) runoff from fields fertilized with swine (Sus scrofa) manure has been implicated in eutrophication. Dietary modification and manure amendments have been identified as best management practices to reduce P runoff from manure. This study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary modification and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) manure amendments on reducing P in swine manure and runoff. Twenty-four pens of nursery swine were fed either a normal diet or a phytase-amended diet. Each pen was connected to a separate manure pit, which was treated with AlCl3 to give final concentrations in the liquid manure of 0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, or 0.75% (v/v). Manure was collected and applied to plots cropped with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and simulated rainfall was applied at 50 non h(-1), sufficient to generate a minimum of 30 min of continuous runoff. Samples of manure and runoff were analyzed for P and Al concentrations. Phytase reduced manure soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) by 17%, while AlCl3 reduced manure SRP by as much as 73% compared with normal manure. Phosphorus runoff was reduced from 5.7 to 2.6 mg P L-1 (a 53% reduction) using AlCl3. The mean SRP concentration in runoff from phytase diets without AlCl3 was 7.1 mg P L-1 during the first rainfall simulation. When phytase and AlCl3 were used together, both manure SRP and P runoff were reduced more than if either treatment were used without the benefit of the other. Use of AlCl3 did not increase soluble At in manure or At lost in runoff. Results from this study indicate that producers should use dietary manipulation with phytase and AlCl3 manure amendments to reduce potential P losses from fields fertilized with swine manure. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM drsmith@horizon.nserl.purdue.edu NR 22 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1048 EP 1054 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822BK UT WOS:000221509200031 PM 15224943 ER PT J AU Joseph, G Kelsey, RG AF Joseph, G Kelsey, RG TI Ethanol synthesis and aerobic respiration in the laboratory by leader segments of Douglas-fir seedlings from winter and spring SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; fermentation; anaerobiosis; CO2 efflux; soluble sugars; tissue permeability; phenology ID MENZIESII MIRB. FRANCO; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; WOODY-PLANTS; ROOT DISEASE; BLACK-STAIN; TREES; GROWTH; STEM; METABOLISM AB Stem segments from terminal leaders of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, seedlings were sampled in mid-December when cambial cells were dormant. The residual, debudded leaders were resampled again in early May when the cambium was metabolically active. May stems had higher constitutive ethanol concentrations than December stems. This was not the result of cambial hypoxia generated by rapid spring respiration rates, because when aerobic respiration was stimulated by incubating the stems in air at 30degreesC ethanol production was induced in December, but not in May. Rapid respiration rates at 30degreesC may have depleted O-2 supplies and induced ethanol production in December stems because dormant, thick-walled cambial cells may be less permeable to CO2 and O-2, compared with metabolically active, thin-walled cambial cells in May. December stem segments incubated in a N-2 atmosphere at 30degreesC synthesized 1.8 times more ethanol than segments from May, most likely because spring growth had reduced the soluble sugars available for fermentation. CO2 efflux from May stems (after 5.5 h of incubation at 30degreesC) was equal to December stems per unit volume, but greater than December stems per unit surface area. N-2-induced ethanol concentrations were positively related with CO2 efflux per unit volume, indicating that rapidly respiring leaders can maintain rapid fermentation rates, provided soluble sugars are readily available. N-2-induced ethanol and CO2 efflux per unit volume declined with increasing leader diameter in both seasons, whereas there were no relationships between CO2 efflux per unit surface area and diameter. Cambium physiology and phenology influence the induction of fermentation and concentrations of ethanol produced in terminal leaders of Douglas-fir, and probably other conifers as well. This needs to be considered when comparing fermentation among species, or comparing individuals from different seasons, or disparate ages within a species. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kelsey, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rkelsey@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 55 IS 399 BP 1095 EP 1103 DI 10.1093/jxb/erh116 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 816XG UT WOS:000221142000014 PM 15020632 ER PT J AU Zhu, XG Ort, DR Whitmarsh, J Long, SP AF Zhu, XG Ort, DR Whitmarsh, J Long, SP TI The slow reversibility of photosystem II thermal energy dissipation on transfer from high to low light may cause large losses in carbon gain by crop canopies: a theoretical analysis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE leaf canopies; photoprotection; photosynthesis; reverse ray-tracing; yield loss ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; SUNFLECK DYNAMICS; O-2 EVOLUTION; PHOTON YIELD; PHOTOINHIBITION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAVES; PLANTS AB Regulated thermal dissipation of absorbed light energy within the photosystem II antenna system helps protect photosystem II from damage in excess light. This reversible photoprotective process decreases the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F-v/F-m) and CO2 assimilation (Phi(CO2)), and decreases the convexity of the non-rectangular hyperbola describing the response of leaf CO2 assimilation to photon flux (theta). At high light, a decrease in Phi(CO2) has minimal impact on carbon gain, while high thermal energy dissipation protects PSII against oxidative damage. Light in leaf canopies in the field is continually fluctuating and a finite period of time is required for recovery of Phi(CO2) and theta when light drops below excess levels. Low Phi(CO2) and theta can limit the rate of photosynthetic carbon assimilation on transfer to low light, an effect prolonged by low temperature. What is the cost of this delayed reversal of thermal energy dissipation and Phi(CO2) recovery to potential CO2 uptake by a canopy in the field? To address this question a reverse ray-tracing algorithm for predicting the light dynamics of 120 randomly selected individual points in a model canopy was used to describe the discontinuity and heterogeneity of light flux within the canopy. Because photoprotection is at the level of the cell, not the leaf, light was simulated for small points of 10(4) mum rather than as an average for a leaf. The predicted light dynamics were combined with empirical equations simulating the dynamics of the light-dependent decrease and recovery of Phi(CO2) and theta and their effects on the integrated daily canopy carbon uptake (A'(c)). The simulation was for a model canopy of leaf area index 3 with random inclination and orientation of foliage, on a clear sky day (latitude 44degrees N, 120th day of the year). The delay in recovery of photoprotection was predicted to decrease A'(c) by 17% at 30degreesC and 32% at 10degreesC for a chilling-susceptible species, and by 12.8% at 30 fdegreesC and 24% at 10degreesC for a chilling-tolerant species. These predictions suggest that the selection, or engineering, of genotypes capable of more rapid recovery from the photoprotected state would substantially increase carbon uptake by crop canopies in the field. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Plant & Anim Biotechnol Labs 190, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Plant & Anim Biotechnol Labs 190, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Earl R Madigan Labs 190, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Plant & Anim Biotechnol Labs 190, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 26 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 55 IS 400 BP 1167 EP 1175 DI 10.1093/jxb/erh141 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 825II UT WOS:000221749400002 PM 15133059 ER PT J AU Seo, KH Valentin-Bon, IE Brackett, RE Holt, PS AF Seo, KH Valentin-Bon, IE Brackett, RE Holt, PS TI Rapid, specific detection of Salmonella enteritidis in pooled eggs by real-time PCR SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ENTERICA SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; QUANTIFICATION; PLASMIDS; SHELL; GENE AB An assay was developed for the specific detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in eggs with the use of an application of the fluorogenic 5' nuclease assay (TaqMan). In this assay, a segment of the gene sefA specific to Salmonella group D strains such as Salmonella Enteritidis was used. The amplification of the target gene products was monitored in real-time by incorporating a fluorescent dye-labeled gene-specific probe in the PCR reaction. This method correctly detected and distinguished Salmonella Enteritidis from nearly 50 of non-group D Salmonella and other non-Salmonella strains. Detection of the sefA gene was linear for DNA extracted from approximately 10(2) to 10(9) CFU/ml in phosphate-buffered saline and 10(3) to 10(8) CFU/ml in raw egg. In two trials, when applied to detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in homogenized egg pools and compared with conventional culture methods, the newly developed PCR method yielded a 100% correlation with results obtained by a conventional culture method. However, the PCR method required only 2 days, compared to the 5 days required by the culture method. The sensitivity of this assay was approximately less than 1 CFU/600 g of egg pool. The real-time PCR assay proved to be a rapid, highly sensitive test for detection and quantification of low concentrations of Salmonella Enteritidis in egg samples. C1 US FDA, CFSAN, OPDFB, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Seo, KH (reprint author), US FDA, CFSAN, OPDFB, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM kseo@cfsan.fda.gov NR 23 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 67 IS 5 BP 864 EP 869 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 820FU UT WOS:000221373600001 PM 15151219 ER PT J AU Siragusa, GR Line, JE Brooks, LL Hutchinson, T Laster, JD Apple, RO AF Siragusa, GR Line, JE Brooks, LL Hutchinson, T Laster, JD Apple, RO TI Serological methods and selective agars to enumerate Campylobacter from broiler carcasses: Data from inter- and intralaboratory analyses SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-IRELAND; JEJUNI; POULTRY; SPP.; PREVALENCE; RECOVERY; SALMONELLA; COLI; MEAT; RAW AB Routine analytical means to estimate Campylobacter numbers per milliliter of carcass rinses are needed in high-sample-throughput poultry laboratories. We compared three serological confirmatory tests that were amenable to such a setting when used in conjunction with Campy-Line and Campy-Cefex Campylobacter selective agars. Pre- and post-chlorinated chiller carcass rinse samples were obtained and held on ice, then analyzed 24 h later in two separate laboratories. Presumptive counts on both pre- and postchiller samples from between laboratories on individual agars and between both agars were highly correlated. Agreement among the three serological tests was nearly complete. The use of a premeasured and dried latex anti-Campylobacter antibody agglutination test format was superior to that of either a liquid latex agglutination format or a direct phosphate-buffer microscopic technique in terms of practicality as was the inclusion of an unarmed latex control to detect auto agglutination. A routine procedure for Campylobacter level estimation was suggested. This procedure, when used in conjunction with a serological confirmatory step, should provide processors with a means to assess reductions in numbers per milliliter of carcass rinses versus strictly presence-absence testing. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Tyson Foods Inc, Food Safety & Lab Serv, Wilksboro, NC USA. RP Siragusa, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM siragusa@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 67 IS 5 BP 901 EP 907 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 820FU UT WOS:000221373600007 PM 15151225 ER PT J AU Barkocy-Gallagher, GA Arthur, TM Rivera-Betancourt, M Nou, XW Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Barkocy-Gallagher, GA Arthur, TM Rivera-Betancourt, M Nou, XW Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M TI Characterization of O157 : H7 and other Escherichia coli isolates recovered from cattle hides, feces, and carcasses SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; SHIGA TOXIN; PROCESSING PLANTS; MULTIPLEX PCR; BEEF-CATTLE; STRAINS; DIARRHEA; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; SEROTYPES AB In a previous study, the seasonal prevalence was reported for stx(+) Escherichia coli O157:147 in feces and on hides and carcasses of cattle at processing. Overall, 1,697 O157:H7 isolates have now been characterized for the incidence of (i) eae(O157), hlyA, stx(i), and stx(2) in the recovered isolates and (ii) presumptive rough and presumptive nonmotile isolates. Seven O157:H7 isolates (0.4%) lacked stx genes, although they carried eae and hlyA. All but one of the isolates carried both eae and hlyA. Approximately two-thirds of the isolates (64% when one isolate per sample was considered) carried both sty, and stx(2). E. coli O157:H7 cells that harbored both stx(1) and stx(2) were more often recovered from hides in the fall (79% of the fall hide isolates) and winter (84% of the winter hide isolates) than in the spring (53%) and Summer (59%). Isolates recovered from preevisceration carcasses showed a similar but not statistically significant trend. Twenty-three of the 25 O157:H7 isolates carrying stx(1) but not stx(2), were recovered during summer. Fifteen presumptive rough and 117 presumptive nonmotile stx(+) O157:H7 isolates were recovered. Ten (67%) of the presumptive rough isolates were recovered during summer. Ninety-five of the presumptive nonmotile isolates (81%) were recovered during fall. Forty-eight percent of the false-positive isolates (175 of 363) tentatively identified as O157:H7 were O157:H7- and lacked eae(O157), hlyA, and stx. These data suggest that in beef processing samples (i) there are minor seasonal variations in the prevalence of stx genes among E. coli O157:H7 isolates, (ii) presumptive rough and presumptive nonmotile stx(+) O157:H7 isolates are present, (iii) E. coli O157:H7 isolates lacking stx genes may be rare, and (iv) O157(+) H7(-) isolates lacking stx genes can result in many false-positive results. C1 USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Barkocy-Gallagher, GA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM gallagher@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 67 IS 5 BP 993 EP 998 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 820FU UT WOS:000221373600020 PM 15151238 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Fett, WF AF Ukuku, DO Fett, WF TI Method of applying sanitizers and sample preparation affects recovery of native microflora and Salmonella on whole cantaloupe surfaces SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS; FRESH PRODUCE; RAW FRUITS; VEGETABLES; EFFICACY AB Standardized methods for applying sanitizer treatments to cantaloupes and for recovering surviving native microflora or Salmonella on inoculated cantaloupe after sanitizing are lacking. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to compare four methods for applying sanitizers (dipping, dipping with rotation, dipping with agitation, and dipping with rubbing) using 200 ppm of chlorine or 5% H2O2, two recovery methods (homogenization of rind plugs in a stomacher or blender), and five selective recovery media for Salmonella. Whole cantaloupes were submerged in a cocktail of five strains of Salmonella (each at approximately 2 x 10(8) CFU/ml) for 10 min and allowed to dry for 1 h inside a biosafety cabinet and stored at 20degreesC for approximately 23 h before sanitizing. The recovery of Salmonella from whole cantaloupe without sanitizing averaged 5.09 log CFU/cm(2) by blending and 4.30 log CFU/cm(2) by homogenization in a stomacher for the five selective agar media. Microbial populations (Salmonella or the indigenous aerobic mesophilic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and yeast and mold) were not significantly (P > 0.05) reduced by treating with water regardless of the treatment method used. Sanitizing with chlorine or H2O2 by dipping, with or without rotation for 2 min, also did not reduce microbial populations. However, populations of all classes of native microflora and Salmonella were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by sanitizer treatments (2 min) applied with agitation or by rubbing. In general, sanitizer treatments applied by rubbing resulted in greater log reductions (by up to 1.7 log unit) than for treatments applied with agitation. Populations of native microflora and Salmonella recovered from cantaloupe were higher (by up to 1.8 log unit) by blending compared to homogenization in a stomacher. In most instances, selective media used did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) for recovery of Salmonella after washing treatments. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dukuku@arserrc.gov NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 67 IS 5 BP 999 EP 1004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 820FU UT WOS:000221373600021 PM 15151239 ER PT J AU Luchansky, JB Call, JE AF Luchansky, JB Call, JE TI Evaluation of nisin-coated cellulose casings for the control of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto the surface of commercially prepared frankfurters SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd East Asia Partial Difference Equation Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL Natl Chung Cheng Univ, Chia Yi, TAIWAN HO Natl Chung Cheng Univ ID ENHANCED INHIBITION; POTASSIUM LACTATE; SODIUM LACTATE; BACTERIOCINS; MEAT; SENSITIVITY; 4-DEGREES-C; DIACETATE; PACKAGES; GROWTH AB Commercially prepared frankfurters were formulated with and without similar to 1.4% potassium lactate and 0.1% sodium diacelate and were subsequently processed in cellulose casings coated with and without nisin (similar to50,000 IU per square inch of internal surface area) to control the outgrowth of Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage. The frankfurters were inoculated with similar to5 log CFU per package of a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes and then vacuum sealed before being stored at 4degreesC for 60 to 90 days. Surviving organisms were recovered and enumerated by rinsing each package with 18 ml of sterile 0.1% peptone water and plating onto MOX selective agar. The data for each of two trials were averaged. In packages that contained frankfurters formulated with potassium lactate and sodium diacetate and prepared in nisin-coated casings, L. monocytogenes levels decreased by 1.15 log CFU per package after 90 days of storage. L. monocytogenes levels decreased by 0.95 log CFU per package in frankfurters that were prepared in casings that were not coated with nisin. In packages of frankfurters that were formulated without potassium lactate and sodium diacetate and prepared in nisin-coated casings, L. monocytogenes levels decreased by 0.88 log CFU per package after 15 days of storage but then increased appreciably thereafter over a 60-day period of refrigerated storage. There was also an appreciable increase in pathogen numbers during 60 days of storage in otherwise similar frankfurters formulated without potassium lactate and sodium diacetate prepared in casings that were not coated with nisin. These data confirm that potassium lactate and sodium diacetate display listeriostatic activity as an ingredient of commercial frankfurters. These data also establish that cellulose casings coated with nisin display only moderate antilisterial activity in vacuum-sealed packages of commercially prepared frankfurters during storage at 4degreesC. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jluchansky@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1021 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 820FU UT WOS:000221373600025 PM 15151243 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM Kim, EK AF Maragos, CM Kim, EK TI Detection of zearalenone and related metabolites by fluorescence polarization immunoassay SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MYCOTOXIN ZEARALENONE; WHEAT; BARLEY; MAIZE; CORN AB Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin commonly found in grains throughout the world. A number of instrument- and antibody-based methods including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed to detect zearalenone (ZEN) and related toxins in commodities and foods. Although convenient, the commercial ELISAs for small molecules such as ZEN require a washing step to separate bound and unbound enzyme label before detection. In fluorescence polarization immunoassays, separation of bound and unbound label is not required, a property that reduces the time needed to perform the assays. We developed a fluorescence polarization immunoassay for ZEN in maize. When combined with a rapid extraction technique, the assay could be used to detect as little as 0.11 mug of ZEN g(-1) maize within 10 min. The assay showed crossreactivity to the ZEN analogs zearalanone, alpha-zearalanol, alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol, and beta-zearalanol of 195, 139, 102, 71, and 20%, respectively, relative to ZEN (100%). Recovery of ZEN from spiked maize over the range of 0.5 to 5 mug g(-1) averaged 100.2% (n - 12). The fluorescence polarization immunoassay results were comparable to those obtained with a liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of 60 naturally contaminated maize samples and maize samples amended with culture material. The fluorescence polarization immunoassay provides a rapid method for screening of maize for ZEN. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1039 EP 1043 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 820FU UT WOS:000221373600030 PM 15151248 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Fratamico, PM Novak, JS AF Smith, JL Fratamico, PM Novak, JS TI Quorum sensing: A primer for food microbiologists SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID N-ACYLHOMOSERINE LACTONES; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; TO-CELL SIGNALS; ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHYTOPATHOGEN ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA/; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ASPARTYL-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASES; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS; ACYLATED HOMOSERINE LACTONES; VIRULENCE FACTOR EXPRESSION AB Quorum sensing is a signaling mechanism through which bacteria modulate a number of cellular functions (genes), including sporulation, biofilm formation, bacteriocin production, virulence responses, as well as others. Quorum sensing is a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication and is mediated by extracellular chemical signals generated by the bacteria when specific cell densities are reached. When the concentration of the signal (and cell population) is sufficiently high, the target gene or genes are either activated or repressed. Quorum sensing increases the ability of the bacteria to have access to nutrients or to more favorable environmental niches and enhances bacterial defenses against eukaryotic hosts, competing bacteria, and environmental stresses. The physiological and clinical aspects of quorum sensing have received considerable attention and have been studied at the molecular level. Little is known, however, on the role of quorum sensing in food spoilage or in the growth and/or toxin production of pathogens present in food. A number of compounds have been isolated or synthesized that antagonize quorum sensors, and application of these antagonists may potentially be useful in inhibiting the growth or virulence mechanisms of bacteria in different environments, including food. It is important that food microbiologists have an awareness and an understanding of the mechanisms involved in bacterial quorum sensing, since strategies targeting quorum sensing may offer a means to control the growth of undesirable bacteria in foods. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jsmith@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 173 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 16 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1070 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 820FU UT WOS:000221373600033 PM 15151251 ER PT J AU Pilizota, V Sapers, GM AF Pilizota, V Sapers, GM TI Novel browning inhibitor formulation for fresh-cut apples SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fresh-cut; apples; browning inhibitors; hexametaphosphate; microbiological safety ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SURVIVAL; PH; GROWTH; FOODS; BROTH AB Development of a browning inhibitor for fresh-cut apples that would not support human pathogen survival was investigated. Granny Smith and Fuji wedges were treated with acidic or neutral browning inhibitors with and without addition of sodium hexametaphosphate. Wedges in modified atmosphere packaging pouches were observed for browning during storage at 4 degreesC and 10 degreesC. A pH 2.9 dip containing ascorbic acid, citric acid, and sodium hexametaphosphate suppressed browning for at least 3 wk at 4 degreesC, whereas formulations without hexametaphosphate failed within 1 wk. These results demonstrate that browning in fresh-cut apples can be controlled with a formulation unlikely to support human pathogen survival or growth. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. JJ Strossmayer Univ, Osijek, Croatia. RP Sapers, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gsapers@arserrc.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 4 BP S140 EP S143 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 848TG UT WOS:000223489400043 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, KI Spraker, TR Hamburg, LK Besser, TE Brayton, KA Knowles, DP AF O'Rourke, KI Spraker, TR Hamburg, LK Besser, TE Brayton, KA Knowles, DP TI Polymorphisms in the prion precursor functional gene but not the pseudogene are associated with susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; CAPTIVE MULE DEER; NATURAL SCRAPIE; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; PROTEIN GENE; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; PRP GENOTYPES; BRITISH SHEEP; NORTH-AMERICA AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) status and PrP genotypes were determined for a group of 133 wild white-tailed deer in a 780 acre enclosure in western Nebraska, USA. Approximately half of the deer tested showed evidence of Prp(d) in the brainstem or lymphoid tissues. Four PRNP alleles encoding amino acid substitutions were identified, with substitutions at residues 95 (Q-->H), 96 (G-->S) or 116 (A-->G), each with serine (S) at residue 138. In addition, a processed pseudogene with two alleles encoding five or six copies of the octapeptide repeat was identified in 26% of the deer. Both alleles encoded asparagine (N) at residue 138. The functional gene alleles sorted into five major diploid genotypes and four rare genotypes. Although all five major diploid genotypes were found in deer with CWD, unaffected deer were less likely to have the allele QGAS and more likely to have QSAS compared with CWD-affected deer. Late-stage disease (Prp(d) in brainstem) was noted in deer less than 1 year of age, although no single genotype was associated with this rapid neuroinvasion. Early-stage disease (Prp(d) distribution limited to the lymphoid system) was observed in deer estimated to be more than 5 years old, suggesting that they were infected as adults or that the incubation time might be extremely long in some individuals. The pseudogene was found in deer of all major PRNP genotypes and was not correlated with CWD status. The large number of susceptible genotypes and the possibility of adult-to-adult transmission suggest that much of the white-tailed deer population may be at risk for disease following exposure to CWD, despite the association of specific genotypes with CWD noted here. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Colorado State Vet Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP O'Rourke, KI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 AD3F, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM korourke@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 51 TC 75 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 85 BP 1339 EP 1346 DI 10.1099/vir.0.79785-0 PN 5 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 818TJ UT WOS:000221267100029 PM 15105552 ER PT J AU McMullen, MD Kross, H Snook, ME Cortes-Cruz, M Houchins, KE Musket, TA Coe, EH AF McMullen, MD Kross, H Snook, ME Cortes-Cruz, M Houchins, KE Musket, TA Coe, EH TI Salmon silk genes contribute to the elucidation of the flavone pathway in maize (Zea mays L.) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MYB-HOMOLOGOUS GENES; CORN-EARWORM; ANTIBIOSIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; MECHANISMS; BARLEY AB We utilized maize (Zea mays L.) lines expressing the salmon silk (sm) phenotype, quantitative trait locus analysis, and analytical chemistry of flavone compounds to establish the order of undefined steps in the synthesis of the flavone maysin in maize silks. In addition to the previously described sm1 gene, we identified a second sm locus, which we designate sm2, located on the long arm of maize chromosome 2. Our data indicate that the sm1 gene encodes or controls a glucose modification enzyme and sm2 encodes or controls a rhamnosyl transferase. The order of intermediates in the late steps of maysin synthesis was established as luteolin --> isoorientin --> rhamnosylisoorientin --> maysin. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30601 USA. RP McMullen, MD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM mcmullenm@missouri.edu NR 24 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1093/jhered/esh042 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 834GM UT WOS:000222399600006 PM 15220389 ER PT J AU Godt, MJW Walker, J Hamrick, JL AF Godt, MJW Walker, J Hamrick, JL TI Allozyme diversity in Macbridea alba (Lamiaceae), an endemic Florida mint SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; HISTORY AB Macbridea alba is a herbaceous perennial mint endemic to the panhandle region of Florida. We used starch gel electrophoresis to describe allozyme diversity and genetic structure in this federally threatened plant. Ten populations were analyzed, with an average sample size of 47 plants (range 41-48 plants) per population. Of the 22 loci analyzed, 11 (50%) were polymorphic, with an average of 36.2% of the loci polymorphic within populations. Gene diversity measures for the species (H-es = 0.121) and for the populations (H-ep = 0.099) were slightly higher than means found for other surveyed endemic plants. Compared to nine previously analyzed woody mints, however, M. alba is genetically depauperate. Little genetic structure was evident within the species, with 92% of the total genetic variation found within populations. Genetic identities between population pairs were high (mean I = 0.98). The perennial life habit of M. alba and long-distance pollination by bumblebees may contribute to the maintenance of genetic diversity within this threatened species. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Godt, MJW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM godt@plantbio.uga.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 244 EP 249 DI 10.1093/jhered/esh044 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 834GM UT WOS:000222399600008 PM 15220391 ER PT J AU Gusmini, G Wehner, TC Jarret, RL AF Gusmini, G Wehner, TC Jarret, RL TI Inheritance of egusi seed type in watermelon SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID NIGERIA AB An unusual seed mutant in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) has seeds with a fleshy pericarp, commonly called egusi seeds. The origin of the phenotype is unknown, but it is widely cultivated in Nigeria for the high protein and carbohydrate content of the edible seeds. Egusi seeds have a thick, fleshy pericarp that appears during the second to third week of fruit development. We studied the inheritance of this phenotype in crosses of normal seeded Charleston Gray and Calhoun Gray with two plant introduction accessions, PI 490383w and PI 560006, having the egusi seed type. We found that the egusi seed type is controlled by a single recessive gene, and the symbol eg was assigned. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resource Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Wehner, TC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM todd_wehner@ncsu.edu NR 27 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 268 EP 270 DI 10.1093/jhered/esh031 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 834GM UT WOS:000222399600013 PM 15220396 ER PT J AU Dong, SF Cheng, LL Scagel, CF Fuchigami, LH AF Dong, SF Cheng, LL Scagel, CF Fuchigami, LH TI N uptake, soil retention and loss of soil-applied (NH4)-N-15 O-15 NO3 in young Fuji/M.26 apple trees with different N status SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; COVER CROPS; GROWTH; N-15; RECOVERY; LEGUME; WATER; CORN AB Nitrogen (N) uptake, soil retention and loss of soil-applied N were studied in young apple trees with different N backgrounds. Bench-graft potted Fuji/M.26 (Malus domestica Borkh) trees were fertigated with 5, 10 or 20 mM N twice a week from June to August, and the trees were removed from soil and bare-root stored in a 2degreesC cold room in December of the first season. In April of the second season, the trees were washed and replanted in containers with a N-free medium (perlite:vermiculite=l:l v), and received 500 ml Hoagland's nutrient solution without N weekly through the experiment. The trees received (NH4)-N-15 (NO3)-N-15 at 1g per plant or no N on June 21. Four trees from each treatment were harvested at one, two and four weeks after N-15 application, and N-15 and total N in plant tissues and soil were analysed. N fertigation rates during the first growing season increased tree growth and N reserve levels, and N content in trees in the second year. New shoot and leaf growth in the following season was positively related to reserve N. N-15 uptake increased during the four weeks after N-15 application while Soil N-15 retention decreased. There was no significant difference in the total N-15 uptake per tree. However, trees with the lowest N contents at the end of the first growing season had the highest rate of N-15 uptake per unit root dry weight. Four weeks after application of (15) N, tree uptake of N accounted for about 60% of applied N-15, while about 20% of the N still remained in the soil, and another 20% of the N was lost. Our results suggested that trees with lower N status are more efficient in N uptake from soil. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dong, SF (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. EM dongs@agr.gc.ca; fuchigal@bcc.orst.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 79 IS 3 BP 395 EP 399 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 825GR UT WOS:000221744600009 ER PT J AU Bi, G Scagel, CF Fuchigami, LH AF Bi, G Scagel, CF Fuchigami, LH TI Effects of spring soil nitrogen application on nitrogen remobilization, uptake, and partitioning for new growth in almond nursery plants SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YOUNG APPLE-TREES; ABSORBED NITROGEN; PEACH-TREES; TEMPERATURE; RESERVES; STORAGE; TEXTURE AB One year old 'Nonpareil' almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill) D. A. Webb) trees on 'Lovell' rootstocks were used to evaluate the effects of soil nitrogen (N) availability in the spring on N remobilization, uptake, partitioning, and tree growth. After being transplanted to an N-free medium, the trees received a modified Hoagland solution, with or without N from N-15-depleted NH4NO3, twice a week for 12 weeks. During the first four weeks, the N used for new shoot and leaf growth mainly came from the nitrogen that had accumulated in storage tissues. No significant differences were seen in the amount and duration of N remobilization between N-fertilized trees and those that received no N. However, trees that were fertilized in the spring had significantly more new shoot and leaf growth. Uptake of N-15 by the roots began two weeks after transplanting. Nitrogen was rapidly taken up from the soil during the period of greatest shoot and leaf growth; leaves were the major sink for N from both root uptake and storage. Six weeks after transplanting, the whole-tree N content was significantly higher in fertilized trees than in the controls. We conclude that the remobilization of N for spring new growth takes place irrespective of the current-year external N supply. However, the new growth in young almond trees is highly dependent on soil N availability, which demonstrates the importance of spring N fertilizer applications following transplantation. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bi, G (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM big@science.oregonstate.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 79 IS 3 BP 431 EP 436 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 825GR UT WOS:000221744600015 ER PT J AU Madden, KB Yeung, KA Zhao, AP Gause, WC Finkelman, FD Katona, IM Urban, JF Shea-Donohue, T AF Madden, KB Yeung, KA Zhao, AP Gause, WC Finkelman, FD Katona, IM Urban, JF Shea-Donohue, T TI Enteric nematodes induce stereotypic STAT6-dependent alterations in intestinal epithelial cell function SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADULT NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; ION-TRANSPORT ABNORMALITIES; MAST-CELLS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CYTOKINE REGULATION; PARASITIC NEMATODE; RAT JEJUNUM AB Infection with gastrointestinal nematodes exerts profound effects on both the immune and physiological responses of the host. We showed previously that the Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, induce STAT6-dependent changes in intestinal epithelial cell permeability, absorption, and secretion that are similar to those observed in a secondary infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus. In the current study we investigated whether nematode-induced effects on epithelial cell function were 1) generic, 2) dependent upon STAT6, and 3) attributable to direct effects on the epithelial cells themselves or mediated by effects on enteric nerves. Our results demonstrate that infection of BALB/c mice with three different gastrointestinal nematodes (H. polygyrus, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and Trichinella spiralis) alters intestinal epithelial cell function by decreasing resistance, glucose absorption, and secretory responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine, two critical mediators in the submucosal reflex pathway. These modified responses are dependent on STAT6 and are the result of both direct effects and indirect effects mediated through enteric nerves. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Med, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tshea@usuhs.mil OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI049316, R01AI/DK49316]; PHS HHS [R01A135987-06] NR 43 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 172 IS 9 BP 5616 EP 5621 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 814ZJ UT WOS:000221012300057 PM 15100305 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Payne, AR Odelson, DA AF Jackson, MA Payne, AR Odelson, DA TI Liquid-culture production of blastospores of the bioinsecticidal fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus using portable fermentation equipment SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; biopesticides; bioinsecticide; fermentation; blastospore; spore production ID PLANT AB The production of fungal spores using on-site, non-sterile, portable fermentation equipment is technically constrained. Very little information is available on the production requirements, such as medium concentration, inoculum stabilization, required fermentation times, and maintenance of axenic growth. In this study, we developed a two-part, liquid concentrate of the production medium that remains stable and soluble at room temperature. We also examined inoculum stability and showed that freeze- or air-dried blastospore preparations were stable for 7 days after rehydration when stored at 4degreesC. The use of a low-pH (pH 4), relatively rich complex medium provided a growth environment deleterious to bacterial growth yet conducive to rapid sporulation by Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. High concentrations of blastospores (7.9x10(8)/ml) of P. fumosoroseus were produced in a 40-h fermentation with very low levels of bacterial contamination when the fermentor was charged with a blastospore production medium with a starting pH of 4 and inoculated with blastospore concentrations greater than 1x10(6) spores/ml. These studies demonstrate that the use of disinfected, portable fermentation equipment has potential for on-site production of high concentrations of blastospores of the bioinsecticidal fungus P. fumosoroseus. C1 USDA ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EcolSoil Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jacksoma@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 31 IS 4 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s10295-004-0127-8 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 840QQ UT WOS:000222874700001 PM 15071762 ER PT J AU Bishir, J Roberds, JH Strom, BL AF Bishir, J Roberds, JH Strom, BL TI On-bark behavior of Dendroctonus frontalis: a Markov chain analysis SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Scolytidae; southern pine beetle; host selection; host recognition; transition probabilities; absorbing states ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; OLEORESIN CHARACTERISTICS; PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; LOBLOLLY PINES; HOST TREES; SCOLYTIDAE; ATTACK; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ZIMMERMANN AB Tree-killing species of the Scolytidae (Coleoptera) must locate suitable hosts at least once per generation for successful reproduction. The process used to select hosts is complex, involving a sequence of steps and many possible outcomes. Because more beetles land on bark (host-find) than bore galleries (host-recognize), postlanding behaviors appear to be important in determining whether a potential host is selected. We applied Markov chain analysis to on-bark behaviors of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, that were described by previous investigators. Predictions obtained from our analysis agree well with earlier descriptions and provide additional information not heretofore apparent. By developing chains for each sex, sexually dichotomous fighting behaviors were revealed. Testable predictions were generated for outcomes of complex interactions that occurred when tree resistance and predator density were varied. Markov chain analysis also provides a framework for future host selection studies. Use of this type of analysis requires collecting data over the entire behavioral sequence of interest, with concentration on estimating the transition probabilities among states. This approach provides results for the many possible outcomes derived from a sequence of interrelated activities. We expect that such an integrated treatment will lead to a greater understanding of important facets of scolytid host selection behavior. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Bishir, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Box 8205, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bishir@math.ncsu.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 281 EP 301 DI 10.1023/B:JOIR.0000031531.07035.10 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 828GB UT WOS:000221960700002 ER PT J AU Shelly, T Dang, C Kennelly, S AF Shelly, T Dang, C Kennelly, S TI Exposure to orange (Citrus sinensis L.) trees, fruit, and oil enhances mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata [Wiedemann]) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean fruit fly; Ceratitis capitata; orange trees; mating success; alpha-copaene ID ALPHA-COPAENE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; FLY; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; FEMALE; CURCULIONIDAE; ATTRACTANTS; COLEOPTERA; FRAGRANCE AB Previous laboratory tests revealed that exposure to oranges (Citrus sinensis L.) increased the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (medfly). This advantage may have resulted from male exposure to alpha-copaene (a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon and known male attractant) in the peel, as pure alpha-copaene has been shown to increase the mating success of male medflies. Working with orange trees as well, we investigated whether male exposure to nonfruiting trees, leaves (also known to contain alpha-copaene albeit at a lower concentration than fruit), and fruit conferred a mating advantage to wild-like males in field-cage tests. Males exposed to entire nonfruiting trees or leaves had a mating advantage over control males (exposed to a nonhost plant) in trials conducted 1 day but not 3 days after exposure. Males exposed to orange fruits had higher mating success than control males (exposed to apples) in trials conducted 1 and 3 days after exposure. Enhanced mating success was observed only when males were permitted to contact the orange leaves and fruits; aroma alone did not affect male mating success. In addition, we examined whether exposure to commercially available orange oil, which also contains alpha-copaene, enhanced the mating performance of wild-like and mass-reared sterile males. Heightened mating success was observed in trials conducted 1 and 3 days after exposure for both types of males, and in this case aroma alone had a positive effect on male mating success. Future research should attempt to identify the behavioral, physiological, or chemical mechanisms underlying the observed increases in male mating success. C1 USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Ctr Conservat Res & Training, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, T (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 29 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1023/B:JOIR.0000031532.29287.95 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 828GB UT WOS:000221960700003 ER PT J AU Hay-Roe, MM Mankin, RW AF Hay-Roe, MM Mankin, RW TI Wing-click sounds of Heliconius cydno alithea (Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae) butterflies SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE communication; sound; Heliconius cydno ID LEPIDOPTERA; HAMADRYAS; HEARING; NOISE AB Field-collected Heliconius cydno Doubleday females were observed producing audible wing clicks during encounters between conspecifics in greenhouses in a large insectary during the day and at roosting time. Occasionally, these females also were observed producing sounds in aggressive encounters with females of a close relative, H. erato (L). However, the wing-clicks were not observed subsequently from first-generation adults born in the greenhouses. The sounds were produced in short trains of 3-10 wing-clicks at the rate of T 10 clicks/s. The individual clicks had a mean duration of 1.48 ms and a broad frequency spectrum, with a peak near 1075 Hz. This peak lies near the 1200-Hz frequency of maximal sensitivity measured previously for auditory neurons of H. erato. The production of these previously unreported sounds suggests that wing clicks may play a role in both intra- and interspecific communication among Heliconius species. C1 ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM rmankin@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 329 EP 335 DI 10.1023/B:JOIR.0000031534.18848.c1 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 828GB UT WOS:000221960700005 ER PT J AU Morrison, LW King, JR AF Morrison, LW King, JR TI Host location behavior in a parasitoid of imported fire ants SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE host location; imported fire ant; parasitoid; pheromones; Phoridae ID DECAPITATING FLIES DIPTERA; FLY PSEUDACTEON-TRICUSPIS; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; PHORIDAE; COMPETITION; PATTERNS; BIOLOGY; BRAZIL; SPECIFICITY AB Female parasitoids use a hierarchy of cues to locate suitable hosts. We conducted a series of field observations and experiments to examine host location behavior in Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier, a phorid parasitoid of Solenopsis invicta Buren worker ants. The parasitoids were frequently attracted to host workers at disturbed colonies, but were almost never attracted to host workers foraging at baits. When conspecific nonnestmate workers were introduced to baits, resulting in aggressive interactions, parasitoids appeared at the majority of baits. Moreover, larger numbers of parasitoids appeared at baits to which greater numbers of nonnestmate workers had been added. Addition of nonnestmate workers to disturbed colonies resulted in increased numbers of parasitoids attracted. Pseudacteon tricuspis did not display a pattern of uniform distribution at disturbed colonies but often was very abundant at some colony locations while absent or rare at nearby colony locations. Solenopsis invicta workers release alarm pheromones in aggressive interactions with nonnestmates, and this substance is likely an important chemical cue that attracts P. tricuspis flies to host workers from a distance. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Morrison, LW (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Morrison, Lloyd/A-8949-2013 OI Morrison, Lloyd/0000-0002-9375-843X NR 52 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 EI 1572-8889 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 367 EP 383 DI 10.1023/B:JOIR.0000031537.41582.d1 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 828GB UT WOS:000221960700008 ER PT J AU Castrillo, LA Griggs, MH Vandenberg, JD AF Castrillo, LA Griggs, MH Vandenberg, JD TI Vegetative compatibility groups in indigenous and mass-released strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana: likelihood of recombination in the field SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; entomopathogenic fungus; microbial control; genetic recombination; vegetative compatibility ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; BALSAMO VUILLEMIN; MOLECULAR MARKERS; PARASEXUAL CYCLE; COLEOPTERA; APHID; CLASSIFICATION; POPULATIONS AB Using nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants, we determined vegetative compatibility groups (VCG) among strains of Beauveria bassiana representing strains indigenous to North America, isolated from diverse insect hosts, and strains that have been mass released for insect control. Genetic similarity among these strains was analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Our data revealed 23 VCGs among the 34 strains tested, with most of these groups comprised of only a single strain. We also observed a VCG comprised of eight genetically similar strains isolated from Colorado potato beetles (CPB). Co-inoculation studies of CPB larvae with complementary nit mutants from the same or from different VCGs revealed heterokaryosis in four out of five same-VCG pairs, with only 5-17% of the sporulating cadavers generating few parasexual recombinants. In contrast, none of the infected beetles treated with non-compatible pairs generated recombinants. The large number of VCGs observed and the low frequency of in vivo recombination limited to vegetatively compatible strains indicate that this self/non-self recognition system may be an effective barrier preventing genetic exchange between dissimilar strains in the field. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Vandenberg, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jdv3@cornell.edu NR 43 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2004.03.009 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 824GQ UT WOS:000221674900004 PM 15145248 ER PT J AU Pereira, RM AF Pereira, RM TI Occurrence of Myrmicinosporidium durum in red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, and other new host ants in eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE myrmicinosporidium durim; fungus; formicidae; Solenopsis invica; Solenopsis carolinensis; Paratrechina vividula; Pheidole tysoni; Pheidole bicarinata; Pyramica membranifera; Pogonomyrmex badius ID THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE; FORMICIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; PATHOGENS; PARASITE; FLORIDA AB Myrmicinosporidium durum, a parasitic fungus in several ant species, is reported from seven new hosts collected in the eastern United States, including Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis carolinensis, Paratrechina vividula, Pheidole tysoni, Pheidole bicarinata, Pyramica membranifera, and Pogonomyrmex badius. Spores can be found in most ant body parts, are dark brown when mature, and clear to light brown while immature. Ants infected with mature spores appear darker than normal. Spores from different hosts were 47-57 mum in diameter. Prevalence in host populations varied between 2 and 67% of the ants, and 3-100% of the colonies. Infection was most common in S. carolinensis with prevalence rates between 22 and 67%. Prevalence rates for S. invicta individuals were lower than for other ants, however, prevalence rates within the infected colonies were as high as 31%. Observations of disease were recorded mostly from late summer and fall. Possible implications of this new disease in red imported fire ants are discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Pereira, RM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW,23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rpereira@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Pereira, Roberto/B-5008-2010 OI Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2004.03.005 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 824GQ UT WOS:000221674900005 PM 15145249 ER PT J AU Temeyer, KB Davey, RB Chen, AC AF Temeyer, KB Davey, RB Chen, AC TI Identification of a third Boophilus microplus (Acari : ixodidae) cDNA presumptively encoding an acetylcholinesterase SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; acetylcholinesterase; AChE; cDNA; resistance ID SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM HOMOPTERA; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE RESISTANCE; DROSOPHILA-ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; BACULOVIRUS SYSTEM; O-GLYCOSYLATION; SEQUENCE; PREDICTION; EXPRESSION AB Oligodeoxynucleotide primers, based on amino acid sequences conserved in known acetylcholinesterases (AChEs), were used in reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) with mRNA from Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) as the template. Primer walking and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques were used to complete the cDNA sequence identified by RT-PCR. The complete B. microplus cDNA sequence contained an open reading frame encoding a 620 amino acid protein with a 20 amino acid signal peptide at the N-terminus targeting the protein for the secretion pathway. BLAST searches of GenBank using the presumptively encoded protein revealed highest sequence similarity to AChEs. The presumptively encoded protein was of similar size and structural properties to other identified AChEs, including the presence of the catalytic triad (Ser, Glu, His) and appropriate placement of internal cysteines to yield three internal disulfide bonds corresponding to those of known AChEs. Putative conserved domains identified the sequence as a member of the carboxylesterase family, pfam00135.8, of which ACNE is a member. This cDNA therefore presumptively encodes a third transcribed ACNE (AChE3) cDNA of B. microplus. Comparison of the three ACNE cDNA sequences expressed in B. microplus demonstrated no discernible nucleotide sequence homology and relatively low amino acid sequence homology, strongly suggesting that they are not alleles of one another. The potential presence of multiple expressed AChEs in B. microplus suggests alternative mechanisms for development of resistance to pesticides that target ACNE. The homology-based identification of a third expressed ACNE in B. microplus is a surprising result and strongly implies the need for confirmation of gene identity for presumptive AChEs. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Knipling Bushland United States Livestock Insects, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP Temeyer, KB (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Knipling Bushland United States Livestock Insects, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.3.259 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 820SI UT WOS:000221409200001 PM 15185924 ER PT J AU Scoles, GA AF Scoles, GA TI Phylogenetic analysis of the Francisella-like endosymbionts of Dermacentor ticks SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dermacentor; Amblyomma; Ornithodoros; endosymbiont; Francisella ID INFECTING WOOD TICKS; MITOCHONDRIAL 16S; NEW-WORLD; IXODIDAE; ACARI; ANDERSONI; TULARENSIS; SEQUENCES; HUNTERI; GENUS AB Bacterial endosymbionts with significant homology to Francisella tularensis (gamma-proteobacteria) have been described from at least five species of ticks in three different genera including two North American Dermacentor species [D. andersoni Stiles and D. variabilis (Say)]. The evolutionary relationships among the Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLE) from different hosts and between FLE and the arthropod-borne pathogen F. tularensis are not known. A 1,169-base fragment of the 16s rDNA and a 713-base fragment of the F. tularensis 17-kDa lipoprotein gene homolog of the FLE of six North American Dermacentor tick species [D. anderson, D. variabilis, D. albipictus (Packard), D. occidentalis Marx, D. hunteri Bishopp, and D. (Anocentor) nitens Neumann] and of Amblyomma maculatum Koch and Ornithdoros porcinus (Murry 1877, sensu Walton 1979) as outgroups, were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. These gene phylogenies were compared with a phylogeny of the same tick species constructed from a 435-base fragment of the tick mitochondrial 16s rDNA. Although the phylogenies of the FLE and their tick hosts are parallel at the genus level the Dermacentor FLE are unresolved at the species level. The FLE and the Dermacentor ticks show little sign of co-speciation, possibly indicating that the association between these endosymbiont and the Dermacentor ticks is of a relatively recent origin. Several ticks were co-infected, either with two FLE with divergent 17-kDa lipoprotein gene sequences or with FLE and an unidentified species of spotted fever group rickettsia (alpha-proteobacteria). Infection with FLE does not seem to have precluded infection with either a second closely related gamma-proteobacterial symbiont or with a second less closely related alpha-proteobacterial symbiont. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Scoles, GA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM scoles@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 24 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.3.277 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 820SI UT WOS:000221409200003 PM 15185926 ER PT J AU Campbell, CL Mummey, DL Schmidtmann, ET Wilson, WC AF Campbell, CL Mummey, DL Schmidtmann, ET Wilson, WC TI Culture-independent analysis of midgut microbiota in the arbovirus vector Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE midgut microbiota; biting midge; arbovirus vector ID BLUETONGUE VIRUS SEROTYPES; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; VARIIPENNIS DIPTERA; INFECTIONS; DIVERSITY; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS; IMPACT; CATTLE AB Differences in midgut microbial communities inhabiting Culicoides spp., insect vectors of virus pathogens, may affect the variation observed in the ability of these biting midges to propagate arthropod-borne viruses. As a first step toward addressing this hypothesis, midgut bacterial communities were compared between Culicoides species expected to be efficient and inefficient vectors of virus pathogens. We used 165 rDNA sequence and restriction fragment information to provisionally identify 36 bacterial genera from guts of wild adult female biting midges, Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones and Culicoides variipennis (Coquillet), from two geographical locations. Bacterial identification was made by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA fragments and by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments from adult guts. Of 36 bacterial genera identified, 12 had been previously identified in other insects: Comomonas, Enterobaeter, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Staphylococcus, Chryseobacterium, Moraxella, Acholeplasma, Flavobacterium, and Rickettsia. Significant differences in bacterial community composition were found between all three groups of wild adult females analyzed: live-trapped C. sonorensis, laboratory-emerged C. sonorensis, and laboratory-emerged C. variipennis. C1 USDA ARS, Coll Agr, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Mol Microbial Ecol Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Campbell, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coll Agr, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 49 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 340 EP 348 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.3.340 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 820SI UT WOS:000221409200011 PM 15185934 ER PT J AU Wilkerson, RC Reinert, JF Cong, L AF Wilkerson, RC Reinert, JF Cong, L TI Ribosomal DNA ITS2 sequences differentiate six species in the Anopheles crucians complex (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles crucians; internal transcribed spacer two; species complex; malaria ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GAMBIAE COMPLEX; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MALARIA VECTOR; MOSQUITO; FLORIDA; TRANSMISSION; COUNTY; RDNA AB Anopheles crucians Wiedemann (sensu lato) was investigated for the presence of cryptic species using rDNA ITS2 sequences. This complex of species presently contains the named species An. crucians, An. bradleyi King, and An. georgianus King. Adult female mosquitoes were collected at 28 sites in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Mississippi, and Louisiana, resulting in 245 progeny broods. Species were identified using preliminary morphological characters, and the internal transcribed spacer two (ITS2) was amplified from all broods. The result was five distinct sizes of amplification product, and based on morphological characters, one of the size classes was suspected to consist of two species. All six putative species were then sequenced: five directly, and the sixth, because of extreme intragenomic (each individual with many variants) size variability, cloned. The ITS2 sequences were markedly distinct for all six species. Species designations and ITS2 sequence lengths (base pairs in parentheses) were A (461), B (1,000+), C (204), D (293), E (195), and An. bradleyi (208). Species B showed both large intraspecific and intragenomic sequence variability and is distinguished by having the longest ITS2 found so far in an Anopheles. Based on these data, we found that all species could be identified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a mixture of four primers in a single reaction. Members of this complex were often found in sympatry, with the adults of five species collected at a single site in central Florida. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Wilkerson, RC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM wilkerson.richard@msc.si.edu NR 43 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.3.392 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 820SI UT WOS:000221409200017 PM 15185940 ER PT J AU George, JE Davey, RB AF George, JE Davey, RB TI Therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a single application of doramectin applied either as a pour-on or injection to cattle infested with Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; control; macrocyclic lactone; southern cattle tick; doramectin ID IVERMECTIN; COUMAPHOS AB The efficacy of a single treatment with a pour-on application or a subcutaneous injection of the macrocyclic lactone endectocide, doramectin, was evaluated in separate trials on Hereford heifers infested with Boophilus microplus (Canestrini). Significantly fewer ticks per calf were recovered from both groups of treated animals than from the complimentary untreated calves. The mean weights of engorged females and egg masses from both pour-on-treated and injectable-treated calves were also significantly smaller than the complimentary variables for the two groups of untreated calves. Among the treated groups, the mean weight of females from calves treated with the subcutaneous injection was 55% less than females from cattle that received the pour-on treatment and the weights of egg masses were 71% lighter than those from the pour-on-treated group. The estimates of percentage control for the two treatments were 88.6 for the pour-on formulation and a notably higher 99.8 for the injectable formulation. To obtain estimates of the effect of the treatments on the parasitic stages of the tick, cattle were infested with B. microplus larvae at three weekly intervals beginning 18 d pretreatment to ensure that, on the day of treatment, ticks in all three parasitic stages (adult, nymph, larva) would be on the cattle. The effect of the treatments on each parasitic stage was estimated by partitioning detached females into three groups by noting in which of the three 7-d intervals after detachment of engorged females began that detachment occurred. There was no difference for either the pour-on or injectable in the effect of the specific treatment on each parasitic stage. The persistent efficacy of the pour-on treatment against larvae placed on the hosts 1 wk after treatment was zero. The persistent efficacy of the injectable treatment ranged from 100 to 82.1% (mean, 93.7%) against the larvae placed on calves the first 3 wk after treatment and was still 44% against the fourth weekly posttreatment infestation. The injectable doramectin is a potential alternative to the coumaphos product now used as a precautionary treatment at USDA, Veterinary Services, Livestock Import Stations, for cattle exported from Mexico. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP George, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Lab, So Plains Area,2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM jegeorge@ktc.com NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.3.402 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 820SI UT WOS:000221409200018 PM 15185941 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Strickman, D Rowton, E Williams, J Kramer, M Roberts, D Debboun, M AF Klun, JA Strickman, D Rowton, E Williams, J Kramer, M Roberts, D Debboun, M TI Comparative resistance of Anopheles albimanus and Aedes aegypti to N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (Deet) and 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide (AI3-37220) in laboratory human volunteer repellent assays SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide; insect repellent; (1S,2 ' S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide ID EFFICACY AB The insect repellents N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (beet) and the racemate and 1S,2'S stereoisomer of 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (AI3-37220) were tested against Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann and Aedes aegypti (L.) in laboratory human-volunteer assays. Estimated skin doses of Deet or racemic AI3-37220 required to reduce biting by 95% in Ae. aegypti were 2.3 and 3.5 x 10(-2) mumol/cm(2) skin, respectively, whereas estimated doses for 95% bite reduction of An. albintanus in an approximate to40-yr-old laboratory colony established from El Salvador were 5 times higher at 12 x 10(-2) mumol Deet/cm(2) skin and >20 x 10(-2) mumol/cm(2) skin for AI3-37220. In tests with the 1S,2'S stereoisomer of AI3-37220, a newly established colony of An. albimanus from Belize bit less aggressively than El Salvador An. albimanus. However, the Belize-derived mosquitoes were as resistant as the old El Salvador colony to repellent effects of 1S,2'S stereoisomer of 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide. Earlier workers surmised that usual skin doses of Deet would offer only limited protection against An. albintanus in the field. Our findings support this speculation, but they also indicate that doses of Deet higher than those needed for protection against Ae. aegypti might offer reasonable protection against An. albimanus. Results indicate that neither racemate nor 1S,2'S stereoisomer of 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide offer as much protection as Deet against An. Albimanus, despite being highly effective against Ae. aegypti. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Chem Affect Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Ft McPherson, GA 30330 USA. RP Klun, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Chem Affect Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 18 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 418 EP 422 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.3.418 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 820SI UT WOS:000221409200021 PM 15185944 ER PT J AU Davey, RB George, JE Miller, RJ AF Davey, RB George, JE Miller, RJ TI Control of an organophosphate-resistant strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) infested on cattle after a series of dips in coumaphos applied at different treatment intervals SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; insecticide resistance; organophosphate; coumaphos; dipping vat ID EFFICACY AB Efficacy of multiple dip treatments (one to three) at 0.3% active ingredient (AI) coumpahos applied at 7- or 10-d intervals was determined against organophosphate (OP)-resistant Boophilus microplus (Canestrini). None of the treatments totally prevented repletion of all females. In the 7 d after one treatment, the percentage of reduction of female ticks was 24.8%, whereas in the 10 d after one treatment, the reduction of female numbers was 47.1%. Application of two or three dips at either interval provided substantially higher reductions in female numbers than either single treatment (range 80.2-88.8%). Percentage reduction of the index of fecundity of females (designated as percentage of control) in the 7 d after one dip provided 46.8% control, whereas control in the 10 d after one treatment was 65.6%. Again, application of two or three dips at either interval provided substantially higher control (range 92.9 to >99.9%). Although control levels after two or three dips were similar, only application of three dips at either interval provided a high enough level of control (>99.5%) to ensure that the U.S. Boophilus eradication program would not be at risk of inadvertently dispersing viable ticks. Thus, although no treatment regime prevented repletion of all treated females, application of three dips at either interval virtually eliminated production of reproductively active females, thereby eliminating the possibility that ticks would become established. It should be noted that ticks possessing different OP resistance mechanisms than ticks in this study could have higher reproductive capabilities than were observed against these treatment regimes. C1 USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, So Plains Area, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Area, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Davey, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, So Plains Area, Rt 3,Box 1010, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 524 EP 528 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.3.524 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 820SI UT WOS:000221409200036 PM 15185959 ER PT J AU Decker-Walters, DS Chung, SM Staub, JE AF Decker-Walters, DS Chung, SM Staub, JE TI Plastid sequence evolution: A new pattern of nucleotide substitutions in the Cucurbitaceae SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE nucleotide substitution; Cucurbitaceae; transversion; transition bias; chloroplast genome ID CHLOROPLAST DNA; NONCODING REGIONS; BIAS; GENERA; PHYLOGENY; GENOME AB Nucleotide substitutions (i.e., point mutations) are the primary driving force in generating DNA variation upon which selection can act. Substitutions called transitions, which entail exchanges between purines (A = adenine, G = guanine) or pyrimidines (C = cytosine, T = thymine), typically outnumber transversions (e.g., exchanges between a purine and a pyrimidine) in a DNA strand. With an increasing number of plant studies revealing a transversion rather than transition bias, we chose to perform a detailed substitution analysis for the plant family Cucurbitaceae using data from several short plastid DNA sequences. We generated a phylogenetic tree for 19 taxa of the tribe Benincaseae and related genera and then scored conservative substitution changes (e.g., those not exhibiting homoplasy or reversals) from the unambiguous branches of the tree. Neither the transition nor (A + T)/(G + C) biases found in previous studies were supported by our overall data. More importantly, we found a novel and symmetrical substitution bias in which Gs had been preferentially replaced by A, As by C, Cs by T, and Ts by G, resulting in the G-->A-->C-->T-->G substitution series. Understanding this pattern will lead to new hypotheses concerning plastid evolution, which in turn will affect the choices of substitution models and other tree-building algorithms for phylogenetic analyses based on nucleotide data. C1 Cucurbit Network, Miami, FL 33256 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Decker-Walters, DS (reprint author), Cucurbit Network, POB 560483, Miami, FL 33256 USA. EM cucurbitnet-work@netscape.net NR 28 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 58 IS 5 BP 606 EP 614 DI 10.1007/s00239-004-2585-z PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 819QB UT WOS:000221328600012 PM 15170263 ER PT J AU Kong, Q Huang, S Wu, D Wang, M Vanegas, D Bai, H Deng, H Chen, K Zou, W Jenny, AL O'Rourke, K Sy, M Chen, SG Gambetti, P AF Kong, Q Huang, S Wu, D Wang, M Vanegas, D Bai, H Deng, H Chen, K Zou, W Jenny, AL O'Rourke, K Sy, M Chen, SG Gambetti, P TI Transmissibility of chronic wasting disease of Elk and deer to humans. SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Neuropathologists CY JUN 24-27, 2004 CL Cleveland, OH SP Amer Assoc Neuropathologists C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Dev & Mol Biol, Bronx, NY USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 63 IS 5 MA 20 BP 515 EP 515 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 822SC UT WOS:000221559400031 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Hunt, JR Lykken, GI Johnson, LK AF Roughead, ZK Hunt, JR Lykken, GI Johnson, LK TI Substitution of soy protein for meat protein did not affect calcium retention or biomarkers of bone and cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women consuming controlled diets for several weeks. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Orlando, FL C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1243S EP 1243S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 820XK UT WOS:000221423000068 ER PT J AU Carrao-Panizzi, MC Kitamura, K Kikuchi, A Simao, A Favoni-Goes, SP Mandarino, JM AF Carrao-Panizzi, MC Kitamura, K Kikuchi, A Simao, A Favoni-Goes, SP Mandarino, JM TI Effects of genotype, environment and hydrothermical treatments on isoflavone concentration in soybean grains. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Orlando, FL C1 USDA ARS, NCAUR, Embrapa Labex, Peoria, IL USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. Univ Estadual Campinas, BR-13081970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1252S EP 1252S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 820XK UT WOS:000221423000089 ER PT J AU De Mejia, E Vasconez, M Nelson, R AF De Mejia, E Vasconez, M Nelson, R TI Effect of genetics and environmental conditions on the concentration of soybean seed lectins. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Orlando, FL C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1253S EP 1253S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 820XK UT WOS:000221423000092 ER PT J AU Carrao-Panizzi, MC Moretti, RH AF Carrao-Panizzi, MC Moretti, RH TI Isoflavone concentration in soy extracts (soymilk) obtained from soybean grains, full fat soy flour, and isolated soy protein. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Orlando, FL C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Food Technol, BR-13081970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Embrapa Labex, EUA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1255S EP 1255S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 820XK UT WOS:000221423000098 ER PT J AU Boue, S Burow, M Shih, B Carter-Wientjes, C Cleveland, T AF Boue, S Burow, M Shih, B Carter-Wientjes, C Cleveland, T TI Antihormonal effects of the soybean phytoalexin glyceollin. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Orlando, FL C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1256S EP 1257S PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 820XK UT WOS:000221423000104 ER PT J AU Cates, SC Carter-Young, HL Conley, S O'Brien, B AF Cates, SC Carter-Young, HL Conley, S O'Brien, B TI Pregnant women and listeriosis: Preferred educational messages and delivery mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE foodborne illness; pregnant women; education; listeriosis ID TO-EAT FOODS; MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPAIGN; DISEASE; SAFETY AB Objective: To characterize pregnant womens food safety practices, to evaluate the impact of existing educational messages on the risks and prevention of listeriosis, and to identify preferred delivery methods for educational initiatives. Design: Eight focus group discussions conducted with pregnant women in 4 locations. Setting: Focus group discussions led by moderators using a prepared moderator guide. Participants: Purposeful sampling was used to select the 63 pregnant women who participated in this study. The focus groups were segmented by location and education level. Phenomenon of Interest: Food safety knowledge and food-handling practices, food safety practices during pregnancy, attitudes toward listeriosis brochure, and preferred delivery methods. Analysis: Focus group discussions were videotaped and audiorecorded. Detailed summaries of each discussion were prepared and systematically analyzed to identify common themes within and across groups. Results: Participants were not aware of the risks of listeriosis and recommended practices for listeriosis prevention; thus, they were not taking precautions during their pregnancy to prevent listeriosis. Conclusions and Implications: The study identified the need to develop educational materials on listeriosis targeted specifically to pregnant women and to partner with obstetricians and other health care providers to deliver these materials to pregnant women. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Cates, SC (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM scc@rti.org NR 29 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60148-6 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 826ZU UT WOS:000221868800005 PM 15202987 ER PT J AU Booze, TF Reinhardt, TE Quiring, SJ Ottmar, RD AF Booze, TF Reinhardt, TE Quiring, SJ Ottmar, RD TI A screening-level assessment of the health risks of chronic smoke exposure for wildland firefighters SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE cancer; firefighters; health; risk assessment; smoke exposure ID PARTICULATE AB A screening health risk assessment was performed to assess the upper-bound risks of cancer and noncancer adverse health effects among wildland firefighters peforming wildfire suppression and prescribed burn management. Of the hundreds of chemicals in wildland fire smoke, we identified 15 substances of potential concern from the standpoints of concentration and toxicology; these included aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, benzene, and respirable particulate matter. Data defining daily exposures to smoke. at prescribed burns and wildfires, potential days of exposure in a year, and career lengths were used to estimate average and reasonable maximum career inhalation exposures to these substances. Of the 15 substances in smoke that were evaluated, only benzene and formaldehyde posed a cancer risk greater than I per million, while only acrolein and respirable particulate matter exposures resulted in hazard indices greater than 1.0. The estimated upper-bound cancer risks ranged from 1.4 to 220 excess cancers per million, and noncancer hazard indices ranged from 9 to 360, depending on the exposure group. These values only indicate the likelihood of adverse health effects, not whether they will or will not occur. The risk assessment process narrows the field of substances that deserve further assessment, and the hazards identified by risk assessment generally agree with those identified as a concern in occupational exposure assessments. C1 URS Corp, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Calif Dept Tox Subst Control, Sacramento, CA USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Seattle, WA USA. RP Reinhardt, TE (reprint author), URS Corp, 1501 4th Ave,Suite 1400, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM tim_reinhardt@urscorp.com NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 1 IS 5 BP 296 EP 305 DI 10.1080/15459620490442500 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 821GD UT WOS:000221447500006 PM 15238338 ER PT J AU Zhao, DL Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Mohammed, AR Read, JJ Gao, W AF Zhao, DL Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Mohammed, AR Read, JJ Gao, W TI Leaf and canopy photosynthetic characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) under elevated CO2 concentration and UV-B radiation SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll; electron transport; elevated [CO2]; leaf area; nonstructural carbohydrates; photosynthetic rate; rubisco activity; UV-B radiation ID DROUGHTED PEA-PLANTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ACCLIMATION; GROWTH; WHEAT; FIELD; SUNFLOWER; RESPONSES; LEAVES; TEMPERATURE AB Increases in both atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on the Earth's surface are features of current climate change patterns. An experiment was conducted in sunlit, controlled environment chambers known as Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) units to determine interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and UV-B radiation on leaf and canopy photosynthetic characteristics of cotton. Six treatments were comprised of two CO2 levels of 360 (ambient) and 720 (elevated) muL L-1 and three levels of 0 (control), 8, and 16 kJ M-2 d(-1) biologically effective UV-B radiation. Treatments were imposed for 66 days from crop emergence through three weeks after the first flower stage. Plants grown in elevated [CO2] had significantly greater leaf area, higher leaf and canopy net photosynthetic rates (P-N), lower dark respiration rate (R-d), and lower light compensation point (LCP) than plants grown in ambient [CO2]. There was no difference in CO2 compensation point (Gamma), maximum rate of Rubisco activity (V-cmax), or light-saturated rate of electron transport (J(max)) between ambient and elevated CO2 treatments. When plants were grown in 8 kJ m(-2) d(-1) UV-B radiation, most of the measured photosynthetic parameters did not differ from control plants. High UV-B (16 kJ) radiation, however, caused 47-50 % smaller leaf area, 38-44 % lower leaf P-N, 72-74 % lower V-cmax, and 61-66 % lower J(max) compared to the control. There were no interactive effects of [CO2] and UV-B radiation on most of the photosynthetic parameters measured. From the results, it is concluded that decreased canopy photosynthesis due to enhanced UV-B radiation in cotton is associated with both smaller leaf area and lower leaf P-N, and loss of Rubisco activity and electron transport are two major factors in UV-B inhibition of leaf P-N. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, Monitoring & Res Program UVB, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM krreddy@ra.msstate.edu RI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 50 TC 32 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 161 IS 5 BP 581 EP 590 DI 10.1078/0176-1617-01229 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 823LI UT WOS:000221613300010 PM 15202715 ER PT J AU Oehmke, JF Schimmelpfennig, DE AF Oehmke, JF Schimmelpfennig, DE TI Quantifying structural change in US agriculture: The case of research and productivity SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE agricultural research; multi-factor productivity; stationarity; structural breaks ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; UNIT-ROOT; TIME-SERIES; COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS; TESTS; HYPOTHESIS; MODELS; BREAKS; TRENDS AB Previous work on structural change in agriculture has failed to distinguish long-run trends from structural breaks leading to new trends. We measure structural changes as statistically significant breaks in either stochastic or deterministic time trends, and apply these measures to agricultural productivity and research. Productivity has a break in 1925 accompanying agriculture's early experience with the Great Depression. Research trends shifted in 1930 as the Depression and new technology began to strongly influence efficient farm size and capitalization. After modeling lags between research and productivity impacts in a vector autoregression (VAR), we compare our results to earlier work by developing a procedure to estimate the rate of return to research from the impulse response function of the VAR. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Oehmke, JF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM des@ers.usda.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-562X J9 J PROD ANAL JI J. Prod. Anal. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 297 EP 315 DI 10.1023/B:PROD.0000022095.97676.42 PG 19 WC Business; Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 807IF UT WOS:000220494500004 ER PT J AU Kreuter, UP Tays, MR Conner, JR AF Kreuter, UP Tays, MR Conner, JR TI Landowner willingness to participate in a Texas brush reduction program SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Brush management; canopy cover; cost sharing; landowner perceptions; mail survey; rangeland water yields ID WATER YIELD AB Because most of Texas consists of privately owned land and the amount of brush cover on rangelands may affect off-site water yields, there has been increasing interest in publicly funded brush clearing programs aimed at increasing water yield. The Pedernales River was selected as I of 8 watersheds to determine the feasibility of implementing such a program. A survey questionnaire was mailed to 720 landowners in Blanco and Gillespie County (containing most of the Pedernales watershed) in June 2000 to identify factors that influence their interest in participating in a brush reduction program. The sample consisted of equal numbers of landowners with 4-20, 21-202, and > 202 ha of land. Fifty eight percent of the survey participants responded, 82% of whom answered questions about their willingness to enroll at least part of their land in a brush reduction program. Property size and income from wildlife were found to be significant positive determinants and level of satisfaction with brush a significant negative determinant of respondents' willingness to enroll. To optimize public investments, it may be preferable to maximize the area enrolled in a brush removal program by targeting larger landowners who appear to be willing to enroll larger portions of their land without requiring compensation that exceeds their net cost of enrollment. Because land in the Edwards Plateau is being subdivided and purchased by people who do not depend on land-based income and who may be more tolerant of brush, public funds required to encourage landowner participation may increase over time. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, Farm Serv Agcy, Austin, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Kreuter, UP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Kreuter, Urs/F-7669-2011 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 57 IS 3 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.2307/4003789 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 829JU UT WOS:000222045200001 ER PT J AU Vermeire, LT Mitchell, RB Fuhlendorf, SD Gillen, RL AF Vermeire, LT Mitchell, RB Fuhlendorf, SD Gillen, RL TI Patch burning effects on grazing distribution SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE animal behavior; fire; grazing management; mixed prairie; selection ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; CATTLE; RANGE AB Post-fire forage growth is known to be a strong attractant for large herbivores. However, fire has generally been. avoided as a grazing distribution tool for fear of localized over utilization of forage resources. Our objectives were to examine whether forage utilization was affected by season of burn, determine cattle grazing preference for burned sites relative to non-burned sites, determine forb response to patch burning, and describe the relationship between end-of-season standing crop and distance from burned sites. Sixteen, 4-ha plots were burned in mid-November or mid-April and left exposed to cattle grazing for the duration of the growing season. Burn treatments were blocked within pastures to allow individual herds access to fall-burned, spring-burned, and non-burned sites. Standing crop estimates for grasses, forbs, and total herbage were made in September by clipping on burned sites and at 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 m distant from the plot's edge. Standing crop was also sampled in exclosures on burned and non-burned sites. Cattle showed no preference for one burn season over the other. Cattle were strongly attracted to burned sites, reducing grass standing crop 78% within burns compared to 19% outside the influence of burns. Grass standing crop decreased in a predictable manner with proximity to burned plots. Forbs increased 60% to 1,095 kg ha(-1) on grazed burned plots, but were unaffected by distance from burns. Patch burning can be employed as an effective, inexpensive grazing distribution tool. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Forage & Sorghum Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Vermeire, LT (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/A-2931-2011 OI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/0000-0002-8726-9402 NR 23 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 24 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 57 IS 3 BP 248 EP 252 DI 10.2307/4003792 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 829JU UT WOS:000222045200004 ER PT J AU Todd, RW Guo, WX Stewart, BA Robinson, C AF Todd, RW Guo, WX Stewart, BA Robinson, C TI Vegetation, phosphorus, and dust gradients downwind from a cattle feedyard SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE shortgrass steppe; vegetation change; plant nutrients; nutrient transport; feedyard dust; soil phosphorus ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; SHORTGRASS RANGELAND; HIGH-RATES; PLAINS; SOIL; NUTRIENT; FEEDLOT AB A native shortgrass pasture downwind from a 25,000-head beef cattle feedyard near Bushland, Tex. degraded after the feedyard was stocked in 1970. Objectives were to determine pre-1970 vegetation, quantify current vegetation, and describe changes in vegetation, soil P and dust deposition with distance from the feedyard. Pre-1970 vegetation was documented with published measurements. In 2000, plant cover was quantified using 600 quadrats. Soil P, conserved in the local soil, was measured in soil samples from 119 locations. Dust was collected at 12 locations. From 1966-1972, cover was 18.8% blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Griffiths] and 7.4% buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.]; the 2 species comprised 95% of vegetation cover. In 2000, perennial grass (75-99% blue grama) cover averaged 3.7% at < 150 m from the feedyard, and increased to 28% at > 525 m from the feedyard. Conversely, annual grass (67% Hordeum pusillum Nutt.) and annual forb [72% Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] covers were 49% and 35% nearest the feedyard and decreased to 9% and 1%, respectively, at > 525 m. Over a similar distance, soil P decreased from 75 to 17 mg kg(-1). Dust deposition rate decreased with distance from the feedyard. Manure dust contribution to total dust ranged from negligible to 89%. It was estimated that 20-30 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) were deposited over 30 years to areas nearest the feedyard. Changes in vegetation and soil P were greatest at < 500 m from the feedyard. Vegetation and soil P were near values expected for shortgrass prairie at > 500 m downwind from the feedyard. The pattern of vegetation, soil fertility, and dust deposition gradients strongly suggested that the feedyard was the primary cause of the observed changes, although a direct causal link could not be established, and other factors, such as grazing, could have contributed to the observed changes. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Dryland Res Inst, Canyon, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Canyon, TX USA. RP Todd, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 57 IS 3 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.2307/4003798 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 829JU UT WOS:000222045200010 ER PT J AU Butler, JL Cogan, DR AF Butler, JL Cogan, DR TI Leafy spurge effects on patterns of plant species richness SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE landscape ecology; Theodore Roosevelt National Park; alien plants; National Vegetation Classification System; Northern Great Plains ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; RIPARIAN ZONES; VEGETATION; RANGELAND; CATTLE AB The objective of this study was to simultaneously evaluate the impact of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) on plant species richness within and among a wide variety of vegetation types typical of the region. The study was conducted in Theodore Roosevelt National Park in southwestern North Dakota where 11 plant associations were identified as being particularly susceptible to invasion by leafy spurge. Representative infested and non-infested stands of the 11 associations were sampled using the protocol described by the National Vegetation Classification System. To evaluate the effects of leafy spurge infestation across a variety of vegetation types, the 11 associations were grouped into 1 of 4 general physiographie/vegetative units (floodplain, grassland, woodland, and shrubland). Species richness per sampled infested stand was reduced by on average of 51% (P < 0.05) in 7 of the 11 sampled associations. Total species richness in infested stands averaged 61% less than species richness within their non-infested counterparts for 10 of the 11 associations. Thirty species common to the majority of the associations were completely absent from infested stands and classified as sensitive, whereas 25 were minimally impacted and classified as persistent species. The overall effects of leafy spurge on species richness is complex and probably involves patterns of soil moisture, nutrient conditions, and disturbance that influence the abundance and distribution of all alien plants in Theodore Roosevelt National Park. However, because of the considerable redundancy in species distribution among a wide variety of plant associations and an aggressive control program, overall species richness does not appear to be threatened by infestations of leafy spurge at this time. C1 Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. Denver Fed Ctr, US Bur Reclamat, Remote Sensing & Geog Informat Grp, Denver, CO 80228 USA. RP Butler, JL (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 57 IS 3 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.2307/4003800 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 829JU UT WOS:000222045200012 ER PT J AU Ricke, SC Hume, ME Park, SY Moore, RW Birkhold, SG Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ AF Ricke, SC Hume, ME Park, SY Moore, RW Birkhold, SG Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ TI Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) as a rapid method for assessing gastrointestinal tract microflora responses in laying hens fed similar zinc molt induction diets SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LARGE INTESTINAL FLORA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; BROILER-CHICKENS; RUMEN BACTERIA; LEGHORN HENS; COLONIZATION; RESISTANCE AB Induced molting through feed withdrawal can change the microenvironment of crop and ceca sufficiently to allow them to be the sites of Salmonella colonization in the chicken intestine. This study compares the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of microbial crop and cecal communities among molted hens fed similar zinc acetate or zinc propionate amended molt diets to hens either undergoing feed withdrawal or hens full fed and not molted. Dendrograms of DGGE amplicon patterns indicated over 85% similarity of cecal communities between zinc acetate fed hens and zinc propionate fed hens and over 60% similarity of crop communities between zinc acetate fed hens and zinc propionate fed hens. Rapid comparison of complex gastrointestinal microflora profiles in laying hens fed similar diets is possible using DGGE. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Kleberg Ctr, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Kleberg Ctr, Dept Poultry Sci, Room 101, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sricke@poultry.tamu.edu NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI '. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2004.tb00048.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 826OL UT WOS:000221838300004 ER PT J AU Brillinger, DR Preisler, HK Ager, AA Kie, JG AF Brillinger, DR Preisler, HK Ager, AA Kie, JG TI An exploratory data analysis (EDA) of the paths of moving animals SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Contemporary Data Analysis CY MAR 05-MAY 09, 2001 CL Acad Nacl Ciencias Exactas, Fis Natl, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP Minerva Res Fdn HO Acad Nacl Ciencias Exactas, Fis Natl DE dependence; deer; elk; exploratory data analysis; fourier analysis; paths; starkey experimental forest; time series; John W. Tukey; vector field plots AB This work presents an exploratory data analysis of the trajectories of deer and elk moving about in the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in eastern Oregon. The animals' movements may be affected by habitat variables and the behavior of the other animals. In the work of this paper a stochastic differential equation-based model is developed in successive stages. Equations of motion are set down motivated by corresponding equations of physics. Functional parameters appearing in the equations are estimated nonparametrically and plots of vector fields of animal movements are prepared. Residuals are used to look for interactions amongst the movements of the animals. There are exploratory analyses of various sorts. Statistical inferences are based on Fourier transforms of the data, which are unequally spaced. The sections of the paper start with motivating quotes and aphorisms from the writings of John W. Tukey. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Brillinger, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, 367 Evans Hall 3860, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM brill@stat.berkeley.edu; hpreisler@fs.fed.us; aager@fs.fed.us; jkie@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2003.06.016 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 806ES UT WOS:000220417800005 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP Lee, J AF Liu, CK Latona, NP Lee, J TI Effects of drying methods on chrome-tanned leather SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENERGY AB The drying operation is a critical leather-making step to attain the required physical properties for leather products. There are various drying methods currently being used today in leather manufacturing. To make quality leather, it is imperative to understand the effects of different drying methods on the physical characteristics of leather. Results from our comparison study showed that the method applied in a drying operation significantly affects the physical properties of leather, particularly area retention and compliance. Observations indicated that toggle drying produces higher area yield, but may result in stiffer leather. One of the important findings from this study is that there is a direct link between grain break and stiffness of leather. Data indicated that stiffer leather often results in poor break. Our research again showed that residual water content is a key factor for softness. Vacuum drying without toggling yields better toughness and softness, but does not significantly improve area yield. We also presented a dimensionless quantity "toughness index" that showed a strong correlation with the resultant area retention and stiffness of leather. Toughness index is independent of the geometry of the leather samples. Therefore, even without knowing the thickness or shape of the samples, one can still make an effective comparison of properties. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM cliu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 99 IS 5 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 822XL UT WOS:000221574000003 ER PT J AU Frantz, JM Ritchie, G Cometti, NN Robinson, J Bugbee, B AF Frantz, JM Ritchie, G Cometti, NN Robinson, J Bugbee, B TI Exploring the limits of crop productivity: Beyond the limits of tipburn in lettuce SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crop optimization; determinants of growth; Ca deficiency; quantum yield; radiation capture; carbon use efficiency ID CRISPHEAD LETTUCE; LEAF TIPBURN; CALCIUM-CONCENTRATION; NITROGEN NUTRITION; CO2 CONCENTRATION; QUANTUM YIELD; GROWN LETTUCE; INNER LEAVES; HEAD LETTUCE; TEMPERATURE AB The productivity of lettuce in a combination of high light, high temperature, and elevated CO, has not been commonly studied because rapid growth usually causes a calcium deficiency in meristems called tipburn, which greatly reduces quality and marketability. We eliminated tipburn by blowing air directly onto the meristem, which allowed us to increase the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) to 1000 mumol.m(-2).s(-1) (57.6 mol.m(-2).d(-1)); two to three times higher than normally used for lettuce. Eliminating tipburn doubled edible yield at the highest PPF level. In addition to high PPF, CO(2) was elevated to 1200 mumol.m(-2).mol(-1), which increased the temperature optimum from 25 to 30 degreesC. The higher temperature increased leaf expansion rate, which improved radiation capture and more than doubled yield. Photosynthetic efficiency, measured as canopy quantum yield in a whole-plant gas exchange system, steadily increased up to the highest temperature of 32 degreesC in high CO(2). The highest productivity was 19 g.m(-2).d(-1) of dry biomass (380 g.d(-1) fresh mass) averaged over the 23 days the plants received light. Without the limitation of tipburn, the combination of high PPF, high temperature, and elevated CO(2) resulted in a 4-fold increase in growth rate over productivity in conventional environments. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Crop Physiol Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. UFRRJ, Dept Solos, Inst Agron, BR-23850000 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil. RP Frantz, JM (reprint author), Univ Toledo, USDA ARS, ATRU, 2801 W Bancroft,Mail Stop 604, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM Jonathan.Frantz@utoledo.edu RI bugbee, bruce/I-5008-2012 NR 61 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 129 IS 3 BP 331 EP 338 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 814ZY UT WOS:000221013800008 PM 15776542 ER PT J AU Mou, BQ Liu, YB AF Mou, BQ Liu, YB TI Host plant resistance to leafminers in lettuce SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Liriomyza langei; Liriomyza huidobrensis; insect resistance; heritability; Lactuca sativa; Lactuca serriola; Lactuca saligna; Lactuca virosa ID LIRIOMYZA-TRIFOLII DIPTERA; AGROMYZIDAE; HUIDOBRENSIS AB Leafminer (Liriomyza spp.) is a major insect pest of many important agricultural crops including lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The goals of this study were to evaluate lettuce genotypes for resistance to leafminers and to estimate the heritabilities of leafminer-resistant traits in the field, to examine the association among different resistant traits, and to study the mechanism of leafminer resistance in lettuce. Seventy-eight lettuce accessions and 232 F-2 plants of crosses were evaluated for leafminer stings and the production of pupae and flies in the field in 2001 and 2002, and resistant genotypes were subjected to no-choice test. Wild species (Lactuca serriola L., L. saligna L., and L. virosa L.) had significantly fewer stings than cultivated lettuces. Among cultivated lettuces, sting densities were lowest on leaf lettuce and highest on romaine types. The sting results from the field were highly correlated with the results from insect cages (r = 0.770 and 0.756 for 2001 and 2002 tests, respectively), suggesting that a cage test can be used to screen for resistance in the field. Broad-sense heritability estimates for stings per unit leaf area in the field were 81.6% and 67.4% for 2001 and 2002 tests, respectively. The number of pupae produced per plant or per leaf was moderately correlated with sting density but was not correlated with leaf weight. Results suggest that both antixenosis and antibiosis exist in lettuce germplasm and resistant genotypes from choice tests remain resistant under no-choice conditions. These findings suggest that genetic improvement of cultivated lettuce for leafminer resistance is feasible. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Mou, BQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM bmou@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 129 IS 3 BP 383 EP 388 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 814ZY UT WOS:000221013800015 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Stoffregen, WC Rogers, DG Hamir, AN Richt, JA Pedersen, DD Waters, WR AF Palmer, MV Stoffregen, WC Rogers, DG Hamir, AN Richt, JA Pedersen, DD Waters, WR TI West Nile virus infection in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALITIS; WILDLIFE AB West Nile virus (WNV) infection in 4 reindeer (Rang fer tarandus) resulted in lymphohistiocytic encephalomyelitis within the medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry revealed WNV antigen within neurons and among mononuclear cell infiltrates. These represent the first known cases of clinical WNV infection in Cervidae. Clinical signs and lesions were similar to those described in horses. Nucleotide sequence of a 768-bp region of the WNV E-glycoprotein gene revealed I nucleotide mutation, which resulted in a single amino acid substitution from a serine to a glycine (position 227 of E-glycoprotein) when compared with the prototype WNV-NY99 strain (isolated from Bronx zoo flamingo 382-99). C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Nebraska, Vet Diagnost Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Natl Vet Serv Lab, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 219 EP 222 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 873TC UT WOS:000225302900007 PM 15152836 ER PT J AU Shin, T Weinstock, D Castro, MD Hamir, AN Wampler, T Walter, M Kim, HY Acland, H AF Shin, T Weinstock, D Castro, MD Hamir, AN Wampler, T Walter, M Kim, HY Acland, H TI Immunohistochemical localization of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase within neurons of cattle with rabies SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; nitric oxide synthase; rabies ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; VIRUS-INFECTION; APOPTOSIS; DISEASES; CELLS AB The expression of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) in the brains of cattle with natural rabies was studied. Increased expression of eNOS was detected in neurons of the brain stem and Purkinje cells of cerebellum. By contrast, iNOS was diffusely localized in the cytoplasm of affected neurons, and some inflammatory cells were positive. eNOS and rabies antigen were co-localized in inclusion bodies (Negri bodies) in neurons. The specific localization of eNOS, but not iNOS, in the Negri bodies suggests that eNOS is involved in the formation of rabies virus inclusion bodies. C1 Cheju Natl Univ, Dept Vet Med, Jeju 690756, South Korea. Penn State Univ, Ctr Vet Diagnost & Invest, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Penn Vet Lab, Harrisburg, PA USA. RP Shin, T (reprint author), Cheju Natl Univ, Dept Vet Med, Jeju 690756, South Korea. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC VET SCI PI TOKYO PA UNIV TOKYO, 1-1-1 YAYOI, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 103, JAPAN SN 0916-7250 J9 J VET MED SCI JI J. Vet. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 66 IS 5 BP 539 EP 541 DI 10.1292/jvms.66.539 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 826CZ UT WOS:000221807900014 PM 15187365 ER PT J AU Cui, XP Lee, LF Reed, WM Kung, HJ Reddy, SM AF Cui, XP Lee, LF Reed, WM Kung, HJ Reddy, SM TI Marek's disease virus-encoded vIL-8 gene is involved in early cytolytic infection but dispensable for establishment of latency SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURKEY HERPESVIRUS; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; COSMID DNAS; SEQUENCE; PATHOGENESIS; SEROTYPE-1; CHICKENS; ANTIBODY; CHEMOKINES; PROTEIN AB Marek's disease, a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens, is caused by an alphaherpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV). This virus encodes a virokine, vIL-8, with general homology to cellular CXC chemokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Gro-alpha. To study the function of vIL-8 gene, we deleted both copies of vIL-8 residing in the terminal repeat long and internal repeat long region of the viral genome and generated a mutant virus with vIL-8 deleted, rMd5/DeltavIL-8. Growth kinetics study showed that vIL-8 gene is dispensable for virus replication in cell culture. In vivo, the vIL-8 gene is involved in early cytolytic infections in lymphoid organs, as evidenced by limited viral antigen expression of rMd5/DeltavIL-8. However, the rMd5/DeltavIL-8 virus is unimpaired in virus replication in the feather follicle epithelium. vIL-8 does not appear to be important for establishment of latency, since rMd5/DeltavIL-8 and the wild-type virus have similar viremia titers at 14 days postinfection, a period when the virus titer comes primarily from reactivated latent genomes. Nevertheless, because of the impaired cytolytic infections, the overall transformation efficiency of the virus with vIL-8 deleted is much lower, as reflected by the reduced number of transformed cells at 5 weeks postinoculation and the presence of fewer gross tumors. Importantly, the revertant virus that restored the expression of vIL-8 gene also restored the wild-type phenotype, indicating the deficient phenotypes are results of vIL-8 deletion. One of the interesting differences between the MDV vIL-8 gene and its cellular counterpart is the presence of a DKR (Asp-Lys-Arg) motif instead of ELR (Glu-Leu-Arg) preceding the invariable CXC motif. To study the significance of this variation, we generated recombinant MDV, rMd5/vIL-8-ELR, carrying the ELR motif. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the DKR motif is as competent as ELR in pathogenesis of MDV. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, UC Davis Canc Ctr, Dept Biol Chem, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Reddy, SM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Mail Stop 4467, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sreddy@cvm.tamu.edu RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA46613] NR 36 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 78 IS 9 BP 4753 EP 4760 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.9.4753-4760.2004 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 813AO UT WOS:000220880200039 PM 15078957 ER PT J AU Seynnes, O Singh, MAF Hue, O Pras, P Legros, P Bernard, PL AF Seynnes, O Singh, MAF Hue, O Pras, P Legros, P Bernard, PL TI Physiological and functional responses to low-moderate versus high-intensity progressive resistance training in frail elders SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE; 6-MINUTE WALK TEST; MUSCLE STRENGTH; OLDER-ADULTS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; WOMEN; EXERCISE; MEN; PERFORMANCE; POWER AB Background. The purpose of this efficacy study was to measure the dose-response effect of a free weight-based resistance training program by comparing the effects of two training intensities (low-moderate and high) of the knee extensor (KE) muscles on muscle function, functional limitations, and self-reported disability. Methods. The authors conducted a single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Twenty-two institutionalized elders (mean age, 81.5 years) were assigned to either high-intensity strength training (HI; n = 8), low-moderate intensity strength training (LI; n = 6), or weight-free placebo-control training (PC; n = 8). The Fit group trained at 80% of their 1-repetition maximum and the LI group trained at 40%. All groups performed 3 sets of 8 repetitions, 3 times per week for 10 weeks. Outcome measures included KE maximal strength, KE endurance. and functional performance as assessed by 6-minute walking, chair-rising, and stair-climbing tests, and by self-reported disability. Results. KE strength and endurance, stair-climbing power, and chair-rising time improved significantly in the HI and LI groups compared with the PC group. Six-minute walking distance improved significantly in the HI group but not in the LI group compared with the PC group. Changes observed in HI were significantly different from those observed in the LI group for KE strength and endurance and the 6-minute walking test, with a trend in the same direction for chair-rising and stair-climbing. Changes in strength were significantly related to changes in functional outcomes, explaining 37% to 61 % of the variance. Conclusions. These results show strong dose-response relationships between resistance training intensity and strength gains, and between strength gains and functional improvements after resistance training. Low-moderate intensity resistance training of the KE muscles may not be sufficiently robust from a physiologic perspective to achieve optimal improvement of functional performance. Supervised HI, free weight-based training for frail elders appears, to be as safe as lower intensity training but is more effective physiologically and functionally. C1 Univ Nice, Fac Sport Sci, Lab Physiol Adaptat Performance Motrice & Sante, F-06205 Nice 3, France. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Cimiez Hosp, Serv Geriatrie, Nice, France. Archet Hosp, Serv Med Phys & Readaptat, Nice, France. Univ Montpellier, UPRES EA2991, Fac Sport Sci, Lab Sport Performance Sante, F-34059 Montpellier, France. RP Seynnes, O (reprint author), Univ Nice, Fac Sport Sci, Lab Physiol Adaptat Performance Motrice & Sante, 261 Route Grenoble,BP 3259, F-06205 Nice 3, France. EM seynnes@unice.fr NR 27 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 10 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 59 IS 5 BP 503 EP 509 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 820TB UT WOS:000221411100015 PM 15123761 ER PT J AU Castaneda, C Layne, JE Johnson, EJ Yeum, KJ AF Castaneda, C Layne, JE Johnson, EJ Yeum, KJ TI Antioxidant capacity in Hispanic older adults with type 2 diabetes engaged in resistance training SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM carmen.sceppa@rufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 1343 BP S189 EP S189 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188302031 ER PT J AU Fuller, AA Fuchs, RK Snow, CM AF Fuller, AA Fuchs, RK Snow, CM TI Vertebral size differences in prepubertal boys and girls SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 2050 BP S296 EP S296 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188303119 ER PT J AU Gerrior, S Hiza, H Juan, WY AF Gerrior, S Hiza, H Juan, WY TI Evaluation of the IPAT: an interactive physical activity tool SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. EM shirley.gerrior@cnpp.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 1585 BP S231 EP S232 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188302234 ER PT J AU Juan, WY Gerrior, S Hiza, H AF Juan, WY Gerrior, S Hiza, H TI Development and validation of a physical activity scoring scheme for adults SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. EM wenyen.juan@cnpp.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 0769 BP S110 EP S110 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188301088 ER PT J AU Murray, AV Krivickas, LS Hughes, VA Roubenoff, R Fielding, RA Frontera, WR AF Murray, AV Krivickas, LS Hughes, VA Roubenoff, R Fielding, RA Frontera, WR TI Age-related variability in single muscle fiber contractile properties SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Spaulding Rehabil Inst, Boston, MA USA. USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Allied Hlth Profess, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM avaldez@partners.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 1397 BP S198 EP S199 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188302074 ER PT J AU Sceppa, CC AF Sceppa, CC TI Resistance training and diabetes SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 0637 BP S93 EP S93 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188301012 ER PT J AU Mock, KE Brim-Box, JC Miller, MP Downing, ME Hoeh, WR AF Mock, KE Brim-Box, JC Miller, MP Downing, ME Hoeh, WR TI Genetic diversity and divergence among freshwater mussel (Anodonta) populations in the Bonneville Basin of Utah SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Anodonta; Bonneville Basin; mussels; phylogeography; Unionoida ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA INHERITANCE; CONSERVATION GENETICS; UNITED-STATES; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; BIVALVIA; SUBSTITUTIONS; RECOMBINATION; EXTINCTION; UNIONIDAE; SEQUENCES AB Populations of the freshwater mussel genus Anodonta appear to be in a state of rapid decline in western North America, following a trend that unfortunately seems to be prevalent among these animals (Mollusca: Unionoida). Here we describe the patterns of molecular divergence and diversity among Anodonta populations in the Bonneville Basin, a large sub-basin of the Great Basin in western North America. Using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, we found a striking lack of nuclear diversity within some of these populations, along with a high degree of structuring among populations (F-ST 0.61), suggesting post-Pleistocene isolation, due either to a long-term loss of hydrologic connectivity among populations or to more recent fish introductions. We also found evidence of recent hybridization in one of these populations, possibly mediated by fish-stocking practices. Using mitochondrial sequence data, we compared the Bonneville Basin populations to Anodonta in several other drainages in western North America. We found a general lack of resolution in these phylogenetic reconstructions, although there was a tendency for the Bonneville Basin Anodonta (tentatively A. californiensis) to cluster with A. oregonensis from the adjacent Lahontan Basin in Nevada. We recommend further investigation of anthropogenic factors that may be contributing to the decline of western Anodonta and a broad-scale analysis and synthesis of genetic and morphological variation among Anodonta in western North America. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Logan, UT USA. RP Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Karen.mock@usu.edu RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011; Mock , Karen/C-1418-2011 NR 78 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1085 EP 1098 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02143.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 815AX UT WOS:000221016300010 PM 15078447 ER PT J AU Chantret, N Cenci, A Sabot, F Anderson, O Dubcovsky, J AF Chantret, N Cenci, A Sabot, F Anderson, O Dubcovsky, J TI Sequencing of the Triticum monococcum Hardness locus reveals good microcolinearity with rice SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; hardness; Grain Softness Protein (GSP); puroindoline; microcolinearity ID WHEAT-GRAIN HARDNESS; HIGH GENE DENSITY; GENOME EVOLUTION; DIPLOID WHEAT; REPETITIVE ELEMENTS; RECOMBINATION RATES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; KERNEL HARDNESS; SEED PROTEINS; GRASS GENOMES AB The Hardness (Ha) locus on chromosome 5D is the main determinant of grain texture in hexaploid wheat. The related genes Puroindoline-a and -b (Pina-D1, Pinb-D1) and Grain Softness Protein (Gsp-D1) are tightly linked at this locus. Mutations in the Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1 genes are associated with increased grain hardness. We report here the complete sequence of a 101-kb BAC clone from Triticum monococcum (A(m) genome) which includes these three genes, and its comparison with the orthologous region in rice. The genes Gsp-A(m)1, Pina-A(m)1 and Pinb-A(m)1 are separated by 37 kb and 32 kb, respectively, and are organized in the same transcriptional orientation. Four additional genes, including a pair of duplicated genes, were identified upstream of Gsp-A(m)1 within a high-density gene island. These additional genes were found in the same order and orientation, and the same relative distances apart as similar genes previously annotated on rice chromosome 12. An interesting discovery was a small unannotated putative rice gene that was similar to the Gsp-A(m)1 gene of T. monococcum (65% similarity at the protein level), and that was disposed in the same orientation, and located in the same position relative to the other orthologous genes. The high gene density observed in this BAC (1 gene per 14 kb) was expected for a distal chromosome region, but the level of microcolinearity with rice was higher than that reported in similar distal regions of other wheat chromosomes. Most of the BAC sequence (40%) was represented by repetitive elements, mainly concentrated in regions adjacent to the genes Pina-A(m)1 and Pinb-A(m)1. Rearrangements among these repetitive elements might provide an explanation for the frequent deletions observed at this locus in the genomes of the polyploid wheat species. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. INRA, Stn Ameliorat Plantes, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Biol & Chim Agroforestale & Ambienta, I-70126 Bari, Italy. INRA, CIRAD AMIS Biotrop, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Sabot, Francois/B-7820-2010 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Sabot, Francois/0000-0002-8522-7583 NR 68 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD MAY PY 2004 VL 271 IS 4 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s00438-004-0991-y PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 825AO UT WOS:000221728600001 PM 15014981 ER PT J AU Weiland, J Koch, G AF Weiland, J Koch, G TI Sugarbeet leaf spot disease (Cercospora beticola Sacc.) SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOSOMIC ADDITION LINES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; BETA-VULGARIS L.; BACILLUS-MYCOIDES; TOXIN CERCOSPORIN; PLANT-DISEASE; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; LEAVES; EXPRESSION AB Leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. is the most destructive foliar pathogen of sugarbeet worldwide. In addition to reducing yield and quality of sugarbeet, the control of leaf spot disease by extensive fungicide application incurs added costs to producers and repeatedly has selected for fungicide-tolerant C beticola strains. The genetics and biochemistry of virulence have been examined less for C beticola as compared with the related fungi C nicotianae, C kikuchii and C zeae-maydis, fungi to which the physiology of C beticola is often compared. C beticola populations generally are not characterized as having race structure, although a case of race-specific resistance in sugarbeet to C beticola has been reported. Resistance currently implemented in the field is quantitatively inherited and exhibits low to medium heritability. Taxonomy: Cercospora beticola Sacc.; Kingdom Fungi, Subdivision Deuteromycetes, Class Hyphomycetes, Order Hyphales, Genus Cercospora. Identification: Circular, brown to red delimited spots with ashen-grey centre, 0.5-6 mm diameter; dark brown to black stromata against grey background; pale brown unbranched sparingly septate conidiophores, hyaline acicular conidia, multiseptate, from 2.5 to 4 mum wide and 50-200 mum long. Host range: Propagative on Beta vulgaris and most species of Beta. Reported on members of the Chenopodiaceae and on Amaranthus. Disease symptoms: Infected leaves and petioles of B. vulgaris exhibit numerous circular leaf spots that coalesce in severe cases causing complete leaf collapse. Dark specks within a grey spot centre are characteristic for the disease. Older leaves exhibit a greater number of lesions with larger spot diameter. During the latter stage of severe epiphytotics, new leaf growth can be seen emerging from the plant surrounded by prostrate, collapsed leaves. Control: Fungicides in the benzimidazole and triazole class as well as organotin derivatives and strobilurins have successfully been used to control Cercospora leaf spot. Elevated levels of tolerance in populations of C beticola to some of the chemicals registered for control has been documented. Partial genetic resistance also is used to reduce leaf spot disease. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Strube Dieckmann, A Dieckmann Heimburg, D-31684 Nienstadt, Germany. RP Weiland, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM weilandj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 98 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2004.00218.X PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 826NT UT WOS:000221836500001 PM 20565605 ER PT J AU Arbetman, AE Lochrie, MA Randlev, B Surosky, RT Zhou, SZ Wellman, J Pater, C Lehmkuhl, H Hobbs, LA Pierce, G Colosi, P AF Arbetman, AE Lochrie, MA Randlev, B Surosky, RT Zhou, SZ Wellman, J Pater, C Lehmkuhl, H Hobbs, LA Pierce, G Colosi, P TI Isolation of a close AAV5 relative from goat tissues: Evidence of host promiscuity SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Gene-Therapy CY JUN 02-06, 2004 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Soc Gene Therapy C1 Avigen Inc, Alameda, CA USA. ARS, USDA, NADC, RDLU, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-0016 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 9 SU 1 MA 89 BP S35 EP S36 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 833DM UT WOS:000222316600090 ER PT J AU Brayford, D Honda, BM Mantiri, FR Samuels, GJ AF Brayford, D Honda, BM Mantiri, FR Samuels, GJ TI Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon: the Nectria mammoidea group and species lacking microconidia SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE forest pathology; Hypocreales; mitochondrial rDNA; Nectria; Nectriaceae; phylogeny; systematics ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; PICEA-ABIES; ANAMORPHS; BIONECTRIACEAE; PENICILLIFER; HYPOCREALES; PHYLOGENY AB Neonectria (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) species having Cylindrocarpon anamorphs that lack microconidia and chlamydospores include: Neo. discophora var. discophora, No. discophora var. rubi, stat nov. et comb. nov., Neo. lucida, comb. nov, Neo. viridispora, sp. nov. and Neo. westlandica, comb. nov. Perithecia of these species are red and perithecial anatomy is of the N. mammoidea type, with a palisade of hypha-like cells in the outer perithecial wall. These species occur on recently dead or dying trees. Perithecia of Neo. betulae, sp. nov and Neo. dumontii, sp. nov. are anatomically and biologically similar to those of Neo. discophora. The only known culture of Neo. betulae remained sterile, while Neo. dumontii has not been cultured; their anamorphs are presumed to be Cylindrocarpon. Analyses of mit ssu rDNA sequences indicate that Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon is monophyletic. Within the genus, species having N. mammoidea type perithecia are paraphyletic. Most species cluster with Neo. discophora, but Neo. westlandica and Neo. trachosa are basal to a clade that includes species that do not have a N. mammoidea-type perithecium. Nectria fuckeliana clusters independently of Neonectria and Nectria. Although reported to have a Cylindrocarpon anamorph, fresh ascospore isolates of N. fuckeliana did not produce Cylindrocarpon macroconidia but produced acremonium- or verticillium-like anamorphs. A key to nectriaceous species of Neonectria that have Cylindrocarpon anamorphs that lack microconidia and chlamydospores and/or that have a N. mammoidea type perithecial wall anatomy is presented. New combinations are proposed for other species formerly included in Nectria that have non-microconidial Cylindrocarpon anamorphs: Neonectria cinnamomea, Neo. jungneri, Neo. platycephala, Neo. phaeodisca and Neo. verrucospora. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Int Mycol Inst, Egham TW20 9TY, Surrey, England. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Room 304,B-0011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gary@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 45 TC 28 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 96 IS 3 BP 572 EP 597 DI 10.2307/3762176 PG 26 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 829CU UT WOS:000222022000014 PM 21148879 ER PT J AU Robens, J Brown, RL AF Robens, J Brown, RL TI Introduction: Aflatoxin and fumonisin elimination and Fungal Genomics Workshops, San Antonio, Texas, October 23-25 2002 SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Robens, J (reprint author), ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD MAY PY 2004 VL 157 IS 4 BP 393 EP 394 PG 2 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 827DJ UT WOS:000221878700005 ER PT J AU Byers, JA Zhang, QH Birgersson, G AF Byers, JA Zhang, QH Birgersson, G TI Avoidance of nonhost plants by a bark beetle, Pityogenes bidentatus, in a forest of odors SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article ID IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; VOLATILES; TREES; SCOLYTIDAE; PHEROMONE; BIRCH AB The bark beetle, Pityogenes bidentatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), searches in mixed conifer and deciduous forests of northern Europe for suitable branches of its host, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). We tested whether odors from several diverse nonhost trees and plants common in the habitat (e.g., mountain ash, Sorbus aucuparia; oak, Quercus robur; alder buckthorn, Frangula alnus; blueberry, Vaccinium myrtillus; raspberry, Rubus idaeus; and grass, Deschampsia flexuosa) would reduce the attraction of the bark beetle to traps releasing its aggregation pheromone components in the field. Volatiles from the leaves or bark of each of these plants significantly reduced the attraction of the beetles to their pheromone. Odors collected from these nonhosts and analyzed by GC/MS contained monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and "green-leaf" alcohols, several of which (e.g., 1-octene-3-ol and beta-caryophyllene) reduced the attraction to pheromone in the field and elicited electroantennographic responses. In the laboratory, reproduction by the beetle was marginal in nonhost Norway spruce, Picea abies, and was absent in the other nonhost trees. Olfactory avoidance of unsuitable nonhosts may have evolved due to advantages in avoiding mistakes during host selection. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Crop Sci, S-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jbyers@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD MAY PY 2004 VL 91 IS 5 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s00114-004-0520-1 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 820NY UT WOS:000221397700003 PM 15146267 ER PT J AU Brodie, LC Debell, DS AF Brodie, LC Debell, DS TI Evaluation of field performance of poplar clones using selected competition indices SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE analysis; clone; competition index; populus ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; GROWTH-MODELS; TREE GROWTH; JACK PINE; STANDS AB Use of competition indices in the analysis of forestry experiments may improve detection and understanding of treatment effects, and thereby improve the application of results. In this paper, we compared the performance of 8 indices in an analysis of a spacing trial of four Populus clones planted in pure and mixed clonal plots. Indices were included as covariates in analyses of variance and evaluated on their ability to decrease mean square error. Indices that were simple to calculate (i.e., required only diameter and spacing or distance information) decreased mean square error by as much as 32%. We then illustrate the use of a simple index to assess clonal response to intra- and inter-genotypic competition and to interpret treatment effects confounded by different levels of competition. In pure clonal plots ( intra- genotypic competition), all the clones tested reacted similarly to competition, while the same clones tested in mixed plots (inter-genotypic competition) reacted differently to varying levels of competition. The use of a competition index to assess clone rankings within a mixed clonal plot can be an effective way to predict clonal performance within a mono-clonal planting. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Brodie, LC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 201 EP 214 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 808BN UT WOS:000220544700001 ER PT J AU Momen, B Anderson, PD Sullivan, JH Helms, JA AF Momen, B Anderson, PD Sullivan, JH Helms, JA TI A multivariate statistical approach to predicting mature tree performance based on seedling characteristics SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE canonical discriminant analysis; metabolic heat rate; Ponderosa pine; respiration ID CANONICAL DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; METABOLIC HEAT RATES; COAST REDWOOD; GROWTH-RATES; ACID-RAIN; OZONE; CLONES; CALORIMETRY AB A common objective in commercial reforestation is to plant seedlings that will produce superior adult trees. Long forest management planning horizons and life spans of most forest trees complicate the prediction of growth and performance of adult trees originating from planted seedlings of unknown genetic origin. We used multivariate statistics to identify and rank a set of seedlings characteristics that could predict the performance of mature trees in Pinus ponderosa. Results indicated that metabolic heat rate (q), a measure of total metabolism, of one-year-old foliage during the peak growth in May, was the most important seedling characteristic that predicted mature-tree performance. Increased metabolic heat rate in seedlings corresponded with greater vigor of mature trees. Additionally, seedling basal stem diameter (D), height (H), and needle length (NL), measured in November, were, in order of importance, other variables that defined the vigor class of the mature clones. However, these seedling morphological characteristics correlated negatively with vigor classification of the mature clones, contradicting the notion that greater D and/or H during the seedling stage may indicate a greater vigor at maturity. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Momen, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, 1112 HJ Patterson Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bm144@umail.umd.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1023/B:NEFO.0000022226.95493.d7 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 808BN UT WOS:000220544700008 ER PT J AU Pendall, E Bridgham, S Hanson, PJ Hungate, B Kicklighter, DW Johnson, DW Law, BE Luo, YQ Megonigal, JP Olsrud, M Ryan, MG Wan, SQ AF Pendall, E Bridgham, S Hanson, PJ Hungate, B Kicklighter, DW Johnson, DW Law, BE Luo, YQ Megonigal, JP Olsrud, M Ryan, MG Wan, SQ TI Below-ground process responses to elevated CO2 and temperature: a discussion of observations, measurement methods, and models SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE carbon sequestration; CO2 fertilization; mycorrhizas; nutrient cycling; rhizosphere; soil carbon; soil respiration; soil warming ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; FINE-ROOT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; PINUS-TAEDA; NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES AB Rising atmospheric CO2 and temperatures are probably altering ecosystem carbon cycling, causing both positive and negative feedbacks to climate. Below-ground processes play a key role in the global carbon (C) cycle because they regulate storage of large quantities of C, and are potentially very sensitive to direct and indirect effects of elevated CO2 and temperature. Soil organic matter pools, roots and associated rhizosphere organisms all have distinct responses to environmental change drivers, although availability of C substrates will regulate all the responses. Elevated CO2 increases C supply below-ground, whereas warming is likely to increase respiration and decomposition rates, leading to speculation that these effects will moderate one another. However, indirect effects on soil moisture availability and nutrient supply may alter processes in unexpected directions. Detailed, mechanistic understanding and modelling of below-ground flux components, pool sizes and turnover rates is needed to adequately predict long-term, net C storage in ecosystems. In this synthesis, we discuss the current status of below-ground responses to elevated CO2 and temperature and potential feedback effects, methodological challenges, and approaches to integrating models and measurements. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Lund Univ, Geobiosphere Sci Ctr, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Forest Serv Rocky Mt, USDA, Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pendall, E (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM Pendall@uwyo.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Wan, Shiqiang/B-5799-2009; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Hungate, Bruce/F-8991-2011; OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Hungate, Bruce/0000-0002-7337-1887; Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 131 TC 197 Z9 217 U1 13 U2 164 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 162 IS 2 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01053.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 815RH UT WOS:000221058900006 ER PT J AU Pendall, E Mosier, AR Morgan, JA AF Pendall, E Mosier, AR Morgan, JA TI Rhizodeposition stimulated by elevated CO2 in a semiarid grassland SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; soil carbon; root biomass; stable isotopes; C-13/C-12; roots; C : N ratio; rhizodeposition ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NATURAL ABUNDANCE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; ISOTOPE DYNAMICS; ROOT PRODUCTION; GAS-EXCHANGE; TURNOVER; C-3 AB Rhizodeposition, or the addition of C from roots to soil C pools, is expected to increase if net primary production is stimulated and some excess C is allocated below-ground. We investigated the effects of 5 yrs of elevated CO2 on below-ground C dynamics in a native, C-3-C-4 grassland ecosystem in Colorado, USA. Cylinder harvests following each growing season and I monolith excavation at the end of the experiment provided data on root biomass, root C : N ratios, and root and soil delta(13)C values. We applied an isotopic mixing model to quantify new soil C inputs on elevated and ambient CO2 treatments. Root biomass increased by 23% and root C : N ratios increased by 26% after 5 yrs of elevated CO2. Species-specific differences were found in root residence times, which ranged from 6 to 8 yrs. Rhizodeposition was roughly doubled in elevated compared with ambient CO2 chambers, at 83 +/- 16 versus 35 +/- 9 g C m(-2) yr(-1) over the last 4 yrs of the experiment (t-test, P = 0.006). Net C sequestration will depend on how decomposition rates are altered by elevated CO2. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. ARS, USDA, SPN Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. ARS, USDA, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Pendall, E (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM Pendall@uwyo.edu OI Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969 NR 37 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 162 IS 2 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01054.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 815RH UT WOS:000221058900018 ER PT J AU Hansen, MJ Newman, SP Edwards, CJ AF Hansen, MJ Newman, SP Edwards, CJ TI A reexamination of the relationship between electrofishing catch rate and age-0 walleye density in northern Wisconsin lakes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CATCHABILITY; ABUNDANCE AB We quantified the relationship between the population density (number/acre) of age-0 walleyes Sander vitreus (formerly Stizostedion vitreum) and electrofishing catch per effort (CPE; number/mi) in 19 Wisconsin lakes to update a 1982 analysis by Serns, who used linear regression through the origin to develop a model from a small data set that has been widely used to estimate age-0 walleye density from electrofishing CPE. We added new data, explicitly tested for the linearity of the relationship, and accounted for the effect of measurement errors. We found that electrofishing CPE was nonlinearly related to the population density of age-0 walleyes, which indicated that the catchability of age-0 walleyes to electrofishing declined with population density. The measurement errors in electrofishing CPE were more than nine times as great as those in age-0 walleye population density, so that the parameters of the relationship between electrofishing CPE and age-0 walleye density were accurately estimated by ordinary-least-squares linear regression. Among lakes, the variation in the catchability of age-0 walleyes to electrofishing was positively related to the variation in specific conductivity but not to the variation in other physical features (shoreline complexity or littoral area) or chemical features (alkalinity or pH). Within lakes, the variation in the catchability of age-0 walleyes to electrofishing was negatively related to the variation in temperature at the time of sampling. We recommend that electrofishing CPE only be used as a crude index of age-0 walleye population density. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Woodruff, WI 54568 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Hansen, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM mhansen@uwsp.edu OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1577/M03-014.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 829RO UT WOS:000222067500009 ER PT J AU Saporito, LS Lanyon, LE AF Saporito, LS Lanyon, LE TI Evaluating the spatial and temporal dynamics of farm and field phosphorus and potassium balances on a mixed crop and livestock farm SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE dairy; nutrient balances; performance evaluation; phosphorus flow; potassium flow ID DAIRY FARM; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; SOIL; FERTILIZATION; PENNSYLVANIA; SYSTEMS; BUDGETS; DECLINE; FLOW AB Methods to track P and K on farms over time at varying spatial scales can improve farm agronomic and environmental performance monitoring. An annual nutrient balance was used to determine P and K balances at varying spatial scales on a 128 ha mixed crop and dairy farm in a central Pennsylvania limestone valley for each of nine years. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) occupied 60% and 40% of the cropland, respectively. Inputs of P and K to the farm exceeded outputs over the study period. Net increases of P and a decrease in K were determined in the aggregate of all fields over the 9-yr period. The balance of P and K varied with time within a field, and by field within a year because nutrient inputs and removals varied with crop selection, management tactics, and year in the rotation. Recognizing that increases in field P are in proportion to P entering the farm can help reduce P accumulation in fields by addressing surpluses at their source or balancing managed flows for the farm. Conversely, decreases in field K associated with forage crops may be the reason for additional supplemental K inputs to the farm. Monitoring nutrient stocks (soil testing) and flows (input/output balances) at different scales in conjunction with spatial patterns of nutrient balances can be the foundation for integrating farm activities and information technologies in a new generation of performance enhancing tools. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Saporito, LS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Lss114@psu.edu NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1023/B:FRES.0000025298.61906.ef PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 814SV UT WOS:000220995300009 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Bakhiet, RM Hart, V Holtzman, G AF Chen, CY Bakhiet, RM Hart, V Holtzman, G TI Lsoflavones restore altered redox homeostasis of antioxidant enzymes in healthy young men undergoing 80% Peak Oxygen Consumption (VO(2)pk) exercise SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE catalase; exercise; glutathione peroxidase; humans; isoflavones; superoxide dismutase ID VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GENISTEIN; ISOFLAVONE; DAMAGE; WOMEN; DEPLETION AB Isoflavones have potential health effects attributed to their antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to test whether isoflavones affected the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in young men undergoing 80% peak oxygen consumption (Vo(2)pk) exercise on cycle ergometer for 30 minutes. Fifteen pairs of subjects were randomly assigned to receive either high-genistein isollavone extract (HGI, 150 mg/day) or placebo. Subjects engaged in two 30-minute sessions of exercise before and after 4 weeks of supplementation. There was a significant increase in plasma genistein and daidzein concentrations (499 and 415 ng/mL, P < 0.0001) after the supplementation, demonstrating isoflavone bioavailability. Isoflavones significantly increased pre-exercise erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P < 0.001). Furthermore, isoflavones prevented the exercise-induced decrease in activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and the increase in antioxidant enzyme (AE) ratio, maintaining all at pre-exercise levels. Our results suggest that isoflavones can restore the altered redox homeostasis of antioxidant enzymes due to exercise. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Human Nutr Foods & Exercise, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2004.02.001 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 831BW UT WOS:000222168900003 ER PT J AU Newby, PK Tucker, KL AF Newby, PK Tucker, KL TI Empirically derived eating patterns using factor or cluster analysis: A review SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE eating patterns; dietary patterns; food patterns; factor analysis; cluster analysis; review ID MAJOR DIETARY PATTERNS; FOOD-CONSUMPTION PATTERNS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; BODY-MASS INDEX; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS-ANALYSIS; FAT-REDUCTION STRATEGIES; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; RISK-FACTORS; FRAMINGHAM NUTRITION AB This paper reviews studies performed to date that have employed cluster or factor analysis to empirically derive eating patterns. Since 1980, at least 93 studies were published that used cluster or factor analysis to define dietary exposures, of which 65 were used to test hypotheses or examine associations between patterns and disease outcomes or biomarkers. Studies were conducted in diverse populations across many countries and continents and suggest that patterns are associated with many different biomarkers and disease outcomes, whether measured by cluster or factor analysis. Despite clear differences in approaches and interpretations, there is some evidence that underlying eating patterns are revealed by either method. Although the research considered herein has created a meaningful body of literature, refining both the factor and cluster analysis methods will help to further establish eating patterns as a sound dietary assessment method. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Newby, PK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, 711 Washington St 9th Floor, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM pknewby@post.harvard.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 130 TC 457 Z9 476 U1 6 U2 61 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 62 IS 5 BP 177 EP 203 DI 10.1301/rn.2004.may.177-203 PG 27 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 903NZ UT WOS:000227434100001 PM 15212319 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Bunce, JA Goins, EW AF Ziska, LH Bunce, JA Goins, EW TI Characterization of an urban-rural CO2/temperature gradient and associated changes in initial plant productivity during secondary succession SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE climate change; lambsquarters; urbanization ID RISING CO2 LEVELS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELEVATED CO2; OZONE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM; RESPONSES; RAGWEED; GROWTH AB To examine the impact of climate change on vegetative productivity, we exposed fallow agricultural soil to an in situ temperature and CO2 gradient between urban, suburban and rural areas in 2002. Along the gradient, average daytime CO2 concentration increased by 21% and maximum (daytime) and minimum (nighttime) daily temperatures increased by 1.6 and 3.3degreesC, respectively in an urban relative to a rural location. Consistent location differences in soil temperature were also ascertained. No other consistent differences in meteorological variables (e.g. wind speed, humidity, PAR, tropospheric ozone) as a function of urbanization were documented. The urban-induced environmental changes that were observed were consistent with most short-term (similar to50 year) global change scenarios regarding CO2 concentration and air temperature. Productivity, determined as final above-ground biomass, and maximum plant height were positively affected by daytime and soil temperatures as well as enhanced [CO2], increasing 60 and 115% for the suburban and urban sites, respectively, relative to the rural site. While long-term data are needed, these initial results suggest that urban environments may act as a reasonable surrogate for investigating future climatic change in vegetative communities. C1 ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, USDA, Bldg 1,Room 323,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lziska@arsusda.gov NR 20 TC 34 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2004 VL 139 IS 3 BP 454 EP 458 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1526-2 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 815QI UT WOS:000221056400016 PM 15021982 ER PT J AU Giardina, CP Binkley, D Ryan, MG Fownes, JH Senock, RS AF Giardina, CP Binkley, D Ryan, MG Fownes, JH Senock, RS TI Belowground carbon cycling in a humid tropical forest decreases with fertilization SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ecosystem carbon cycling; Hawaii; rhizosphere respiration; soil surface CO2 efflux; soil carbon formation ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; RESPIRATION; DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; ALLOCATION; CLIMATE; STORAGE; AFFORESTATION; TURNOVER; NITROGEN AB Only a small fraction of the carbon (C) allocated belowground by trees is retained by soils in long-lived, decay-resistant forms, yet because of the large magnitude of terrestrial primary productivity, even small changes in C allocation or retention can alter terrestrial C storage. The humid tropics exert a disproportionately large influence over terrestrial C storage, but C allocation and belowground retention in these ecosystems remain poorly quantified. Using mass balance and C-13 isotope methods, we examined the effects of afforestation and fertilization, two land-use changes of large-scale importance, on belowground C cycling at a humid tropical site in Hawaii. Here we report that in unfertilized plots, 80% of the C allocated belowground by trees to roots and mycorrhizae was returned to the atmosphere within 1 year; 9% of the belowground C flux was retained in coarse roots and 11% was retained as new soil C. The gains in new soil C were offset entirely by losses of old soil C. Further, while fertilization early in stand development increased C storage in the litter layer and in coarse roots, it reduced by 22% the flux of C moving through roots and mycorrhizae into mineral soils. Because soil C formation rates related strongly to rhizosphere C flux, fertilization may reduce an already limited capacity of these forests to sequester decay-resistant soil C. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Res Ctr, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Giardina, CP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM cgiardina@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 NR 31 TC 96 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 50 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2004 VL 139 IS 4 BP 545 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1552-0 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 818HI UT WOS:000221235800007 PM 15071736 ER PT J AU Tuo, W Davis, WC Fetterer, R Jenkins, M Boyd, PC Gasbarre, LC Dubey, JP AF Tuo, W Davis, WC Fetterer, R Jenkins, M Boyd, PC Gasbarre, LC Dubey, JP TI Establishment of Neospora caninum antigen-specific T cell lines of primarily CD4(+) T cells SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INFECTED CATTLE; DAIRY-CATTLE; BALB/C MICE; ABORTION; TRANSMISSION; INTERLEUKIN-12; EPIDEMIC; RISK AB Neosporosis is an important cause of pregnancy loss in cattle worldwide. Protective immunity against Neospora caninum infection may include both cell-mediated (CMI) and humoral immune responses. This study was to establish short-term antigen-specific T cell lines composed of primarily CD4(+)T cells from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of infected cows, which may be used to identify immunodominant antigens for the development of N. caninum vaccines. Crude N. caninum tachyzoite antigen was prepared from in vitro derived N. caninum tachyzoites. Multiple T cell lines were established and maintained for 11 weeks by weekly re-stimulation with N. caninum antigen and antigen-presenting cells. All cell lines responded highly to antigen between weeks 3 and 11. Phenotypically, these cells were composed primarily of CD4(+)T cells between weeks 2-8, with a gradual expansion of gamma/delta(+)T cells thereafter. The results indicate that N. caninum-specific T cell lines can be established and maintained without exogenous T cell growth factors and may be used to identify N. caninum antigens. This research will enhance our understanding of bovine CMI to neosporosis and may facilitate development of a proven neosporosis vaccine. C1 ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tuo, W (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, USDA, Bldg 1040,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wtuo@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 26 IS 5 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00707.x PG 4 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 862WJ UT WOS:000224521700006 PM 15491474 ER PT J AU Muller, K Smith, RE James, TK Holland, PT Rahman, A AF Muller, K Smith, RE James, TK Holland, PT Rahman, A TI Prediction of field atrazine persistence in an allophanic soil with Opus2 SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; degradation; leaching; parameterisation; Opus2 ID PESTICIDE-LEACHING MODELS; NEW-ZEALAND SOILS; MACRO MODEL; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; LABORATORY DATA; DATA SET; SIMULATION; GROUNDWATER; PARAMETERS; TRANSPORT AB A modified version of the model Opus was applied to measurements of soil water dynamics and atrazine (6-chloro-N(2)-ethyl-N(4) -isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) persistence in a Bruntwood silt loam soil (Haplic Andosol, FAO system) in Hamilton, New Zealand. The modified model, Opus2, is briefly described and parameter estimation for the simulations is discussed. Soil water dynamics were more accurately described by applying measured soil hydraulic properties than by estimating them using pedotransfer functions. A parameter sensitivity analysis revealed that degradation was the most relevant process in simulating pesticide behaviour by Opus2. The Arrhenius equation incorporated in Opus2 did not correctly describe the effect of temperature on degradation rates obtained at 10, 20 and 30 degreesC. However, as the Arrhenius coefficient is a very sensitive parameter and soil temperature variation was relatively narrow in the field, the Arrhenius coefficient was approximated from the laboratory study. The simulation results obtained were superior to modelling at constant temperature. Field measured persistence of atrazine in the topsoil was underpredicted using the half-life determined in the laboratory at 10 degreesC. Modelling with a lag phase followed by accelerated degradation by use of a sigmoidal degradation equation in Opus2 significantly improved the modelling results. Nevertheless, degradation processes in the laboratory under controlled conditions did not accurately represent field dissipation, however well the laboratory degradation data could be described by simple kinetic equations. The study indicates the importance of improving field techniques for measuring degradation, and developing laboratory protocols that yield degradation data that are more representative of pesticide dynamics in field soils. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry C1 AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Res Ctr, HortRes, Hamilton, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Muller, K (reprint author), AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Res Ctr, HortRes, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM karin.mueller@agresearch.co.nz RI Mueller, Karin/J-5871-2013 OI Mueller, Karin/0000-0002-5224-0984 NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 60 IS 5 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1002/ps.832 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 816FZ UT WOS:000221097100004 PM 15154511 ER PT J AU Meepagala, KM Sturtz, G Mischke, CC Wise, D Duke, SO AF Meepagala, KM Sturtz, G Mischke, CC Wise, D Duke, SO TI Molluscicidal activity of vulgarone B against ram's horn snail (Planorbella trivolvis) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molluscicides; Artemisia douglasiana; vulgarone B; Planorbella trivolvis; Bolbophorus confusus ID ASTERACEAE; PLANTS AB The ram's horn snail (Planorbella trivolvis (Say)) is an intermediate host for a digenetic trematode (Bolbophorus confusus (Krause) Dubois) that has recently been discovered to be a significant problem in commercial channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf) production ponds in the Mississippi Delta region in the USA. In these catfish ponds, the digenetic life cycle of this parasitic trematode involves two intermediate hosts, the ram's horn snail and the channel catfish, and the final host, the American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin). One approach to eradicate this problem is to disrupt the life cycle of the parasitic trematodes by eliminating the snails. During our search for natural-product-based molluscicides to control the snails in the catfish ponds, vulgarone B, isolated from the steam distillate of the aerial parts of the plant Artemisia douglasiana Besser (Asteraceae), was found to be active towards the snails with a LC50 of ca 24 mum. Channel catfish toxicity studies indicated a LC50 of ca 207 mum. Vulgarone B may be an environmentally acceptable alternative for snail control in aquaculture. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Aromagen, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Meepagala, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kmeepaga@olemiss.edu OI Mischke, Charles/0000-0002-3934-9571 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 60 IS 5 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1002/ps.833 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 816FZ UT WOS:000221097100008 PM 15154515 ER PT J AU Ebert, TA Derksen, RC Downer, RA Krause, CR AF Ebert, TA Derksen, RC Downer, RA Krause, CR TI Comparing greenhouse sprayers: the dose-transfer process SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spray application; retention; efficacy; Glycine max; Frankliniella occidentalis; Aphis glycines ID PESTICIDE APPLICATION; DEPOSIT STRUCTURE; DROPLET SIZE; VOLUME; COTTON; EFFICACY; CABBAGE AB Three sprayers were evaluated for their affect on retention and efficacy: a carbon dioxide powered high-volume sprayer, a DRAMM coldfogger, and an Electrostatic Spraying Systems (ESS) sprayer with air-assistance. The active ingredients used were spinosad and azadirachtin. The plant canopy was constructed in the greenhouse using potted soybeans (Glycine max (L) Merrill cr Pioneer 9392). Application efficacy with spinosad was assessed using thrips [Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] and mite (two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch) abundance on shoots and leaves. Application efficacy with azadirachtin was assessed using thrips and aphid (soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura) abundance on shoots and leaves. The atomization characteristics of each sprayer were measured using an Aerometrics phase/Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) 100-1D. The results of four tests are presented. Two tests used each sprayer according to manufacturer recommendations. These are 'recommended volume' tests that confound differences in toxicant distribution caused by the sprayer with differences caused by changes in application volume. The other two tests were 'constant volume' tests in which all three sprayers were used to deliver the same application volume. Both types of test gave differences between sprayers in retention of toxicant, but only the recommended volume tests showed significant effects of the sprayers on pest abundance. We attribute this difference to the role played by changing application volumes in the dose-transfer process. The constant-volume tests showed that application equipment influences efficacy. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Lab Pest Control Applicat Technol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Ebert, TA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Lab Pest Control Applicat Technol, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM ebert.39@osu.edu RI Ebert, Timothy/E-7727-2011 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 60 IS 5 BP 507 EP 513 DI 10.1002/ps.779 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 816FZ UT WOS:000221097100013 PM 15154520 ER PT J AU Krizek, DT Gao, W AF Krizek, DT Gao, W TI Introduction - ultraviolet radiation and terrestrial ecosystems SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID UV-B RADIATION; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION; HIGHER-PLANTS; HEATH ECOSYSTEM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AMBIENT LEVELS; TROPHIC LEVELS; FIELD; GROWTH; DOSIMETER C1 USDA, ANRI, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Krizek, DT (reprint author), USDA, ANRI, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Room 140,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM krizekd@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 79 IS 5 BP 379 EP 381 DI 10.1562/0031-8655(2004)79<379:URATE>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 821KQ UT WOS:000221459700001 PM 15191045 ER PT J AU Milchunas, DG King, JY Mosier, AR Moore, JC Morgan, JA Quirk, MH Slusser, JR AF Milchunas, DG King, JY Mosier, AR Moore, JC Morgan, JA Quirk, MH Slusser, JR TI UV radiation effects on plant growth and forage quality in a shortgrass steppe Ecosystem SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; FUEGO SOUTHERN ARGENTINA; DROUGHTED PEA-PLANTS; MILD WATER-STRESS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SUMMER PRECIPITATION; NATURAL ECOSYSTEM; FIELD CONDITIONS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GRASSLAND AB Levels of UV were manipulated in a native shortgrass steppe using open-sided structures with tops that either passed or blocked wavelengths shorter than similar to370 nm. Precipitation was controlled to create a drought or a very wet year. Subplots were either nondefoliated or defoliated to simulate grazing by livestock, which is the primary land use. Plant community productivity and forage quality were assessed in response to the two climate change variables (UV, precipitation) and grazing stress. Productivity and seasonal standing biomass of the dominant grass species were negatively affected by passing versus blocking UV, but only in the dry year. Another species was negatively affected by passing UV in the wet year, indicating the potential for future shifts in species composition. Forage quality for ruminants increased when UV was passed compared with blocked, as determined by in vitro digestible dry matter, depending on species and precipitation. Nitrogen concentrations and soluble and fiber components of vegetation also displayed some UV effects, but they were generally small and depended on species, season or amount of precipitation (or all). Grazing treatment had large positive effects on current-year productivity only in the wet year and some small positive effects on quality in both wet and dry years. Interactions between UV and grazing treatment were not observed. C1 Colorado State Univ, Forest,Range & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ No Colorado, Dept Biol Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Milchunas, DG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Forest,Range & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM daniel.milchunas@colostate.edu RI Moore, John/E-9802-2011; Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014; King, Jennifer Y./I-5986-2015 OI King, Jennifer Y./0000-0003-3433-5952 NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 79 IS 5 BP 404 EP 410 DI 10.1562/0031-8655(2004)79<404:SUREOP>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 821KQ UT WOS:000221459700004 PM 15191048 ER PT J AU Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Zhao, D Koti, S Gao, W AF Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Zhao, D Koti, S Gao, W TI Interactive effects of ultraviolet-B radiation and temperature on cotton physiology, growth, development and hyperspectral reflectance SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; ZEA-MAYS L; LEAF SENESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITIES; VIGNA-UNGUICULATA; EARTHS SURFACE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAIZE LEAVES; RESPONSES; PLANTS AB Current conditions of 2-11 kJ m(-2) day(-1) of UV-B radiation and temperatures of >30degreesC during flowering in cotton cultivated regions are projected to increase in the future. A controlled environment study was conducted in sunlit growth chambers to determine the effects of UV-B radiation and temperature on physiology, growth, development and leaf hyperspectral reflectance of cotton. Plants were grown in the growth chambers at three day/night temperatures (24/16degreesC, 30/22degreesC and 36/28degreesC) and three levels of UV-B radiation (0, 7 and 14 kJ m(-2) day) at each temperature from emergence to 79 days under optimum nutrient and water conditions. Increases in main stem node number and the node of first fruiting branch and decrease in duration to first flower bud (square) and flower were recorded with increase in temperature. Main effects of temperature and UV-B radiation were significant for net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, total chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations of uppermost, fully expanded leaves during squaring and flowering. A significant interaction between temperature and UV-B radiation was detected for total biomass and its components. The UV-B radiation of 7 kJ m(-2) day(-1) reduced boll yield by 68% and 97% at 30/22degreesC and 36/28degreesC, respectively, compared with yield at 0 kJ m(-2) day(-1) and 30/22degreesC. No bolls were produced in the three temperature treatments under 14 kJ m(-2) day(-1) UV-B radiation. The first-order interactions between temperature, UV-B radiation and leaf age were significant for leaf reflectance. This study suggests a growth- and process-related temperature dependence of sensitivity to UV-B radiation. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555,117 Dorman Hall, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM krreddy@ra.msstate.edu RI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 51 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 79 IS 5 BP 416 EP 427 DI 10.1562/2003-11-19-RA.1 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 821KQ UT WOS:000221459700006 PM 15191050 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Mock, NM AF Baker, CJ Mock, NM TI A method to detect oxidative stress by monitoring changes in the extracellular antioxidant capacity in plant suspension cells SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reactive oxygen; hydrogen peroxide; Pseudomonas syringae; Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Hicks; Solanum tuberosum cv. Kennebec; phenolics ID DISEASE RESISTANCE RESPONSE; OXYGEN-UPTAKE RESPONSE; PLANT/BACTERIA INTERACTIONS; BURST; METABOLISM; LUMINOL; ACID; PRECURSORS; MECHANISM; ASCORBATE AB Detection of H2O2 in the supernatant of plant suspension cells is often used to indicate the time and extent of the oxidative burst during interactions with either bacteria or pathogen-related elicitors. We have found that suspensions of plant cells, depending on conditions, may produce considerable levels of extracellular phenolics that can function as antioxidants and prevent or suppress the detection of H2O2. These compounds can be used as substrates by extracellular peroxidases to scavenge stoichiometric amounts of H2O2. When this occurs during plant/pathogen interactions it can mask both the timing and extent of the oxidative burst if detection of free H2O2 is the only technique used. We have developed a chemiluminescent technique that will account for the H2O2 scavenged by these extracellular metabolites. A known quantity of H2O2 is added to samples and allowed to react with the extracellular antioxidants. The amount of H2O2 that remains is then determined by adding luminol to the sample and measuring luminol-dependent-chemiluminescence. The difference between treated and control samples represents the amount of H2O2 that has been produced by the cells in response to the treatment. We have found that this technique provides a better estimate of both the magnitude and timing of the oxidative burst in bacterial/suspension cell systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baker, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Bldg 004,Rm 119, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bakerc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 64 IS 5 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.09.044 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 893BY UT WOS:000226695500004 ER PT J AU Weiergang, I Wood, KV Dunkle, LD Nicholson, RL AF Weiergang, I Wood, KV Dunkle, LD Nicholson, RL TI In vivo growth and pathotoxin production by the maize pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helminthosporium carbonum; HC-toxin; PDMS; plasma desorption mass spectrometry ID DESORPTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXIN; DISEASE RESISTANCE GENE; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-CARBONUM; COLONIZATION; ACCUMULATION; TISSUE; LEAVES AB Conidia of Cochliobolus carbonum secrete a toxin (HC-toxin) during appressorium formation on maize leaves. Plasma desorption mass spectrometry revealed that approximately 70 ng of toxin per 106 conidia were secreted during the first 16 h of morphogenesis. Growth of the fungus was monitored microscopically. Extensive fungal growth occurred in the susceptible interaction by 24 h. In spite of a substantial amount of HC-toxin, the fungus failed to become established in the resistant host even after 36 h. Results suggest that the resistance conclitioned by HmI, which encodes a toxin reductase, causes inactivation of the toxin early in the interaction. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Danisco Seed, DK-4960 Holeby, Denmark. RP Nicholson, RL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM nicholson@purdue.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 64 IS 5 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.08.008 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 893BY UT WOS:000226695500006 ER PT J AU Benedict, CR Martin, GS Liu, JG Puckhaber, L Magill, CW AF Benedict, CR Martin, GS Liu, JG Puckhaber, L Magill, CW TI Terpenoid aldehyde formation and lysigenous gland storage sites in cotton: variant with mature glands but suppressed levels of terpenoid aldehydes SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum; Malvaceae; cotton variant; low gossypol; lysigenous glands ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; RESISTANCE; GENE; DNA AB A new cotton variant with reduced levels of terpenoid aldehydes (sesquiterpenoids and sesterterpenoids (heliocides)) was isolated from the progeny of hemizygous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Coker 312) transformed with antisense (+)-delta-cadinene synthase cDNA. Southern analysis of leaf DNA digested with HindIII, Pst or KpnI restriction endonucleases did not detect any antisense cdn1-C1 DNA in the genome of the variant. The gossypol content in the seed of the variant was markedly lower than in the seed of T1 antisense plants. Eighty-nine percent of the variant seed had a 71.1% reduction in gossypol and the foliage of the variant plants showed a 70% reduction in gossypol and a 31% reduction in heliocides. Compared to non-transformed plants there was no reduction in the number of lysigenous glands in the seed of the variant. The cotton variant shows uncoupling of terpenoid aldehyde synthesis and gland formation. The cotton variant may have resulted from somaclonal variation occurring in the callus tissue during the transformation-re generation process. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Magill, CW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM c-magill@tamu.edu NR 23 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 2004 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1351 EP 1359 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.03.032 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 839TN UT WOS:000222807900004 PM 15231408 ER PT J AU Wilson, AD Lester, DG Oberle, CS AF Wilson, AD Lester, DG Oberle, CS TI Development of conductive polymer analysis for the rapid detection and identification of phytopathogenic microbes SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artificial neural network; artificial olfaction; bacterial wetwood; early detection; electronic nose; homeland security; oak wilt ID MAMMALIAN OLFACTORY SYSTEM; ELECTRONIC NOSE; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; SENSOR ARRAY; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; CHAIN-REACTION; DNA INVITRO; GAS; DISCRIMINATION; NETWORK AB Conductive polymer analysis. a type of electronic aroma detection technology. was evaluated for its efficacy in the detection. identification, and discrimination of plant-pathogenic microorganisms on standardized media and in diseased plant tissues. The method is based on the acquisition of a diagnostic electronic fingerprint derived from multisensor responses to distinct mixtures of volatile metabolites released into sampled headspace. Protocols were established to apply this technology specifically to plant disease diagnosis. This involved development of standardized Cultural methods. new instrument architecture for sampling, sample preparation. prerun procedures, run parameters and schedules, recognition files and libraries. data manipulations. and validation protocols for interpretations of results. The collective Output from a 32-sensor array produced unique electronic aroma signature patterns diagnostic of individual microbial species in culture and specific pathogen-host combinations associated with diseased plants. The level of discrimination applied in identifications of unknowns was regulated by confidence level and sensitivity settings during construction of application-specific reference libraries for each category of microbe or microbe-host combination identified. Applications of this technology were demonstrated for the diagnosis of disease systems, including bacterial and fungal diseases, and decays of trees: for host identifications: and for determinations of levels of infection and relatedness between microbial species. Other potential applications to plant pathology are discussed with some advantages and limitations for each type of diagnostic application. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res,So Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wilson, AD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res,So Hardwoods Lab, 432 Stoneville Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM dwilson02@fs.fed.us RI Wilson, Alphus/Q-2137-2015 OI Wilson, Alphus/0000-0003-2352-5232 NR 50 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2004 VL 94 IS 5 BP 419 EP 431 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.5.419 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814UE UT WOS:000220998800002 PM 18943759 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ Anikster, Y Manisterski, J AF Leonard, KJ Anikster, Y Manisterski, J TI Patterns of virulence in natural Populations of Puccinia coronata on wild oat in Israel and in agricultural populations on cultivated oat in the united states SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE balancing selection; center of origin; host-parasite coevolution ID CROWN RUST RESISTANCE; AVENA-STERILIS; INHERITANCE; REGISTRATION; COLLECTIONS; ACCESSIONS; CANADA; GENES AB Crown rust (Puccinia coronata) in indigenous populations of Avena sterilis has been cited as an example of stability of wild pathosystems that consist of natural mixtures of resistance and virulence. This study confirmed that virulence/avirulence polymorphisms in P. coronata on A. sterilis in Israel are highly diverse and that super races do not dominate. Isolates of P. coronata from Israel in 1991 to 1996 were polymorphic for virulence to 35 of 36 differential oat lines with resistance genes from A. sterilis. On average, isolates of P. coronata were more highly virulent to differentials with Pc genes from A. sterilis accessions from Israel than to differentials with Pc genes from other countries. Isolates from Israel also were more virulent on average to 10 additional differentials with Pc genes derived from A. sativa than to differentials with Pc genes from A. sterilis. Frequencies of virulence were usually higher in collections of P coronata from Israel than in collections from cultivated oat in the United States, even though several of the Pc genes in the differentials have been used extensively in American oat cultivars. Mean virulence complexity of P. coronata from eight regions of Israel was not correlated with the distribution of resistance among collections of A. sterilis from previous surveys in the same areas, probably because pathogen migration between regions within Israel is sufficient to obscure effects of selection locally. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Inst Cereal Crops Improvement, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kurtl@umn.edu NR 37 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2004 VL 94 IS 5 BP 505 EP 514 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.5.505 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814UE UT WOS:000220998800013 PM 18943770 ER PT J AU Cumagun, CJR Bowden, RL Jurgenson, JE Leslie, JF Miedaner, T AF Cumagun, CJR Bowden, RL Jurgenson, JE Leslie, JF Miedaner, T TI Genetic mapping of pathogenicity and aggressiveness of Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum) toward wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP cereal; deoxynivalenol; nivalenol; scab; trichothecenes; Triticum aestivum ID HEAD BLIGHT; WINTER RYE; TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS; REDUCED VIRULENCE; DEOXYNIVALENOL; CULMORUM; NIVALENOL; INFECTION; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY AB Gibberella zeae is the major fungal pathogen of Fusarium head blight of wheat and produces several mycotoxins that are harmful to humans and domesticated annuals. We identified loci associated with pathogenicity and aggressiveness on an amplified fragment length polymorphism based genetic map of G. zeae in a cross between a lineage 6 nivalenol producer from Japan and a lineage 7 deoxynivalenol producer from Kansas. Ninety-nine progeny and the parents were tested in the greenhouse for 2 years. Progeny segregated qualitatively (61:38) for pathogenicity:nonpathogenicity, respectively. The trait maps to linkage group IV, which is adjacent to loci that affect colony pigmentation, perithecium production, and trichothecene toxin amount. Among the 61 pathogenic progeny, the amount of disease induced (aggressiveness) varied quantitatively. Two reproducible quantitative trait loci (QTL) for aggressiveness were detected on linkage group 1 using simple interval analysis. A QTL linked to the TR15 locus (trichodiene synthase in the trichothecene pathway gene cluster) explained 51% of the variation observed, and a second QTL that was 50 centimorgans away explained 29% of the phenotypic variation. TR15 is tightly linked to the locus controlling trichothecene toxin type. The two QTLs, however, were likely part of the same QTL using composite interval analysis. Progeny that produced deoxynivalenol were, on average, approximately twice as aggressive as those that produced nivalenol. No transgressive segregation for aggressiveness was detected. The rather simple inheritance of both traits in this interlineage cross suggests that relatively few loci for pathogenicity or aggressiveness differ between lineage 6 and 7. C1 Univ Hohenheim, State Plant Breeding Inst, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ No Iowa, Dept Biol, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Miedaner, T (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, State Plant Breeding Inst, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. EM miedaner@uni-hohenheim.de RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013; OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574; Miedaner, Thomas/0000-0002-9541-3726 NR 55 TC 54 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2004 VL 94 IS 5 BP 520 EP 526 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.5.520 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814UE UT WOS:000220998800015 PM 18943772 ER PT J AU Keyser, JD Tanner, RL Vlcek, DT AF Keyser, JD Tanner, RL Vlcek, DT TI Pictures by the seedskadee: A preliminary analysis of the Biographic rock art of the Green River Basin, southwestern, Wyoming SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Biographic rock art; Green River Basin; La Barge Bluffs; petroglyphs ID LEXICON; COLLECTION; TEXAS AB The Green River Basin of southwestern Wyoming has only recently been recognized as containing a rich rock art record closely related to Plains styles and traditions. Preliminary recording in 2002 shows that Biographic rock art is a major component at six Green River Basin sites. The Biographic petroglyphs there represent four different styles that relate to both Northern Plains and Colorado Plateau rock art, reflecting the importance of the Green River as a traders' rendezvous and travel route throughout the Historic period. An extensive Biographic composition at the La Barge Bluffs site is the finest realistic composition currently known in Plains rock art. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Bur Land Management, Rock Springs, WY 82901 USA. Pinedale Field Off, Bur Land Management, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. RP Keyser, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 3623, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 89 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 USA SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 49 IS 190 BP 129 EP 151 PG 23 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 824HY UT WOS:000221678600003 ER PT J AU Blank, RR Derner, JD AF Blank, RR Derner, JD TI Effects of CO2 enrichment on plant-soil relationships of Lepidium latifolium SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; competition; invasive species; Lepidium latifolium; plant-soil relationships; soil enzymes ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; INVASIVE CRUCIFER; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; WHITE LUPIN; COMPETITION; PHOSPHORUS; EXUDATION; INCREASE; NITROGEN; GROWTH AB The exotic crucifer Lepidium latifolium L. (perennial pepperweed) is invading wetland and riparian habitats throughout the western United States. Based on previous field studies, our working hypothesis proposed that L. latifolium elevates soil nutrient acquisition ability in response to CO2 enrichment. Replicates of L latifolium were grown in a high fertility and low fertility soil (along with unplanted controls) in a glasshouse at ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations (360 and 699 mumol mol(-1), respectively). Plants were harvested after 81 days and numerous plant and soil attributes measured. Above-ground plant mass was influenced by a significant CO2 treatment x soil interaction (P < 0.001) with CO2 enrichment inducing a greater proportional increase in mass for the low fertility soil. Root concentrations of citrate, malate, and ortho-phosphate and enzyme activities of amidase and asparaginase did not differ between the CO2 treatments across soils. Above-ground tissue concentrations of N, S, P, Mg, K, Fe, and Zn consistently decreased for both soils with CO2 enrichment, corresponding with higher biomass per unit nutrient. Plants grown in the low fertility soil had higher concentrations of N, S, P, Ca, and Mg in above-ground tissue than plants grown in the high fertility soil. Carbon dioxide enrichment decreased tissue N:S ratios by > 20% and increased, though not significant, tissue C:N ratio by 38% in high fertility soil and by 51% in low fertility soil. For most soil attributes measured, there was a main effect or interaction with soil fertility level. Soil attributes differed between soil fertility levels and, with the exception of SO42-, were not influenced by the presence of L. latifolium. Soil attributes increased by CO2 enrichment included acetate extractable Mg2+ (high fertility soil only), net 30 day N mineralization potential (unplanted control soils only), available N (high fertility soil), bicarbonate extractable P, soil-solution SO42- (L. latifolium planted pots only), and soil-solution Mg2+ (high fertility control soil only). Collectively, these data tangentially support our working hypothesis that CO2 enrichment increases nutrient availability. That availability of some nutrients increases without plant growth (control soils), however, suggests an interaction of elevated CO2 with soil microflora. C1 ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM blank@unr.nevada.edu NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2004 VL 262 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1023/B:PLSO.0000037032.43098.5c PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 853TC UT WOS:000223850800014 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Reddy, MS Kloepper, JW AF Zhang, S Reddy, MS Kloepper, JW TI Tobacco growth enhancement and blue mold disease protection by rhizobacteria: Relationship between plant growth promotion and systemic disease protection by PGPR strain 90-166 SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE biological control; induced systemic resistance; Peronospora tabacina; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; systemic acquired resistance ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; SEED-PIECES; RESISTANCE; BACTERIA; INDUCTION; CUCUMBER; PUTIDA; VIRUS; WILT AB The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on plant growth and systemic protection against blue mold disease of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), caused by Peronospora tabacina, was investigated in the greenhouse. Five PGPR strains with known plant growth promotion and induced resistance activities in other crops were used in these studies. PGPR strains were applied as seed treatments alone at planting and in combination with root drenches after planting. When PGPR were applied as seed treatments, PGPR strains 90-166, SE34 and C-9 at 10(9) CFU mL(-1) increased all or most parameters of plant growth 7 weeks after planting (WAP), while 89B-61 and T4 did not enhance any or few parameters. Seed treatments with PGPR strains 90-166 and C-9 at 10(9) CFU mL(-1) at 13 WAP resulted in significant disease reduction in blue mold severity compared to the nontreated control. When PGPR were applied as seed treatments and root drenches, all PGPR strains at 10(9) CFU mL(-1) enhanced tobacco growth compared to the nontreated control at 7 WAR The time interval between the last PGPR treatment and challenge with P. tabacina affected systemic disease protection elicited by some PGPR strains. When the time interval was 8 weeks, 3 PGPR strains 90-166, SE34 and T4 at 10(9) CFU mL(-1) reduced disease severity, while treatments with all tested PGPR strains resulted in significantly lower disease compared to the nontreated control when it was reduced to 6 weeks. Regression analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between plant growth promotion and systemic protection against blue mold elicited by PGPR strain 90-166. Tobacco growth promotion (X) was calculated by percentage of increase in total fresh plant weight relative to the nontreated control. Systemic protection (Y) against blue mold disease was represented by percentage of decrease in disease severity over the nontreated control. This relationship was best described by the model Y = -4.48 + 0.37 X (r(2) = 0.86, P = 0.0001) when strain 90-166 was applied as seed treatments. In the experiment in which strain 90-166 was applied as seed treatments and root drenches, Y = 6.60 + 0.14 X (r(2) = 0.88, P < 0.0001) defined this relationship when the time interval was 8 weeks. When the time interval was reduced to 6 weeks, Y = 12.30 + 0.28 X (r(2) = 0.80, P = 0.0005) defined the relationship. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Alabama Agr Expt Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kloepper, JW (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Alabama Agr Expt Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jkloeppe@acesag.auburn.edu NR 42 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2004 VL 262 IS 1-2 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1023/B:PLSO.0000037048.26437.fa PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 853TC UT WOS:000223850800024 ER PT J AU Kim, WS Krishnan, HB AF Kim, WS Krishnan, HB TI Expression of an 11 kDa methionine-rich delta-zein in transgenic soybean results in the formation of two types of novel protein bodies in transitional cells situated between the vascular tissue and storage parenchyma cells SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methionine; nutritional quality; protein bodies; soybean; zein ID BETA-CONGLYCININ; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; ALBUMIN GENE; SEEDS; MAIZE; ACCUMULATION; TOBACCO; PLANTS; MUTANTS; COTYLEDONS AB Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important protein source in human diets and animal feeds. The sulphur content of soybean seed proteins, however, is not optimal for ration formulations. Thus, increasing the methionine and cysteine content of soybean seed proteins would enhance the nutritional quality of this widely utilized legume. We have earlier reported the isolation of an 11 kDa delta-zein protein rich in methionine from the endosperm of the maize (Zea mays L.) inbred line W23a1 [Kim, W.-S. and Krishnan, H.B. (2003) Allelic variation and differential expression of methionine-rich-delta-zeins in maize inbred lines B73 and W23a1. Planta, 217, 66-74]. Using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, a construct consisting of the coding region of the cloned delta-zein gene under regulation of the beta-conglycinin alpha'-promoter was introduced into the soybean genome. The 11 kDa delta-zein gene was expressed in the seeds of transgenic soybeans, although low-level expression was also detected in the leaves. In situ hybridization indicated that the 11 kDa delta-zein mRNA was expressed predominantly in transitional cells located between the vascular tissue and storage parenchyma cells. Immunohistochemistry of developing transgenic soybeans revealed that the accumulation of the 11 kDa delta-zein occurred primarily in these transitional cells. Expression of the 11 kDa delta-zein gene in transgenic soybean resulted in the formation of two endoplasmic reticulum-derived protein bodies that were designated as either spherical or complex. Immunocytochemical localization demonstrated that both the spherical and complex protein bodies accumulated the 11 kDa delta-zein. Although expression of the 11 kDa delta-zein gene elevated the methionine content of the alcohol-soluble protein fraction 1.5-1.7-fold above that of the non-transgenic line, the overall methionine content of seed flour was not increased. Our results suggest that the confined expression of the 11 kDa delta-zein gene in transitional cells could be limiting the increase in methionine content in transgenic soybean seeds. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 48 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 2 IS 3 BP 199 EP 210 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2004.00063.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 821KO UT WOS:000221459500003 PM 17147611 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JJ Oberbauer, SF Clark, DB AF O'Brien, JJ Oberbauer, SF Clark, DB TI Whole tree xylem sap flow responses to multiple environmental variables in a wet tropical forest SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Costa Rica; La Selva; principal components analysis; soil moisture; thermal dissipation probe; transpiration; tropical rainforest; vapour pressure deficit; whole tree water use ID RAIN-FOREST; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER FLUX; CARBON EXCHANGE; SIMAROUBA-AMARA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CANOPY TREES; LIFE-HISTORY; TRANSPIRATION; GROWTH AB In order to quantify and characterize the variance in rainforest tree physiology, whole tree sap flow responses to local environmental conditions were investigated in 10 species of trees with diverse traits at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. A simple model was developed to predict tree sap flow responses to a synthetic environmental variable generated by a principle components analysis. The best fit was obtained with a sigmoid function which explained between 74 and 93% of the variation in sap flux of individual trees. Sap flow reached an asymptote where higher light and evaporative demand did not cause sap flux to increase further. Soil moisture had little influence on sap flux. The morphological characteristics of the trees significantly affected sap flow; taller trees responded to changes in environmental variables sooner than shorter trees and high liana cover buffered tree sap flow responses to weather. The effect of species-specific differences on the model was small; the mean effectiveness of the model was reduced by 6% when parameters were estimated from a single pool of measurements taken from all individuals. The results indicate that sap flow response could be effectively estimated using a simple general model and composite environmental index for these 10 diverse tree species. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Fairchild Trop Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP O'Brien, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, SRS-4104,320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jjobrien@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 67 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 40 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 551 EP 567 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2003.01160.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 818FS UT WOS:000221231600002 ER PT J AU Hofmann, N Nelson, RL Korban, SS AF Hofmann, N Nelson, RL Korban, SS TI Influence of media components and pH on somatic embryo induction in three genotypes of soybean SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE embryogenesis; Glycine max; immature cotyledons ID MAX L. MERRILL; GLYCINE-MAX; PLANT-REGENERATION; PROLIFERATIVE EMBRYOGENESIS; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; IMMATURE COTYLEDONS; TISSUE-CULTURES; SUCROSE; AUXIN; ORIENTATION AB The influence of media components on the initiation of somatic embryogenesis in three genotypes of soybean was investigated. The following genotypes were used: Iroquois, Macon, and Savoy. Media modifications included sucrose concentration, type and concentration of auxin at two pH levels, and pH level independently. Immature cotyledons were used as the source of explant. Cotyledons were placed on a medium containing MS salts, B5 vitamins, sucrose, and auxin. Gelrite (0.2%) was used as the solidifying agent. Sucrose concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4.5, or 6% were used. The auxins used included 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) with each at concentrations of 45.2, 90.4, 135.7, 180.9, and 226.2 muM. The pH of each the media was adjusted to either 5.7 or 7.0 with 1 N NaOH. In an additional experiment, the effect of the two pH levels, 5.7 and 7.0, was investigated independently. Overall, the frequency of somatic embryogenesis significantly varied among the different genotypes used in this study, with Iroquois showing the highest response. Frequency of somatic embryogenesis also varied in response to the different treatments used, including sucrose and auxin. The highest initiation (91.7%) and mean number of somatic embryos per responding explant (14.9) of Iroquois was observed in a medium containing 2% sucrose. The highest initiation (97.1%) and mean number of somatic embryos per responding explant (19.5) was observed in Iroquois on 135.7 muM 2,4-D and Savoy on 135.7 muM 2,4-D, respectively, for the auxin by pH level experiment. No significant differences were observed among the two pH treatments used. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Korban, SS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1201 W Gregory, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM korban@uiuc.edu NR 30 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 77 IS 2 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1023/B:TICU.0000016819.74630.59 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 775TF UT WOS:000189076200006 ER PT J AU Copes, WE AF Copes, WE TI Dose curves of disinfestants applied to plant production surfaces to control Botrytis cinerea SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE biocidal; disinfectant; gray mold; sterilizing agent ID DISINFECTANTS AB Lethal dose curves were calculated using probit analysis for six disinfestants (chlorazene hydrosol, hydrogen dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, quaternary ammonium chloride, sodium bypochlorite) when applied on seven substrates (galvanized metal, stainless steel, polyethylene ground fabric, polyethylene pot plastic, pressure-treated pine, exterior latex-painted pine, raw pine) that had been inoculated with Botrytis cinerea conidia. Mortality was determined by percentage of ungerminated versus germinated conidia that had been rubbed off of a substrate onto half-strength potato dextrose agar (hPDA) 16 to 24 h previously. Based on overlapping confidence limits (95% CL) of the lethal doses resulting in 90 and 50% mortality (LD90 and LD50, respectively) and significance of slopes, differences occurred between substrates with all six disinfestants. LD90 values ranged from 0.21 to 4.54 - a.i./liter for chlorazene hydrosol, 4.99 to 40.3 g a.i./liter for hydrogen dioxide, 63.0 to 233.1 g a.i./liter for hydrogen peroxide, 0.42 to 2.45 g a.i./liter for iodine, 0.64 to 6.46 g a.i./liter for quaternary ammonium chloride, and 0.87 to 6.84 g a.i./liter for sodium hypochlorite. For hydrogen dioxide, quaternary ammonium chloride, and sodium hypochlorite, a binomial lethal dose (LDh) was calculated by plating the inverted inoculated substrates on hPDA, then recording the presence or absence of B. cinerea mycelial growth over 7 days. Lethal doses resulting in the absence of mycelial growth (LDh(b100)) were equal to or greater than the LD90 values for most disinfestants and substrates. Results demonstrate for the six disinfestants that dose should be selected based on the substrate being disinfested of B. cinerea conidia. C1 USDA, ARS, Small Fruit Exot Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Copes, WE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Small Fruit Exot Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM wcopes@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 88 IS 5 BP 509 EP 515 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.5.509 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814MH UT WOS:000220978300011 ER PT J AU Fermin, G Inglessis, V Garboza, C Rangel, S Dagert, M Gonsalves, D AF Fermin, G Inglessis, V Garboza, C Rangel, S Dagert, M Gonsalves, D TI Engineered resistance against Papaya ringspot virus in Venezuelan Transgenic Papayas SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Carica papaya; post-transcriptional gene silencing; transgenic virus resistance ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; CMV STRAINS; PLANTS; RNA; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION; CONSTRUCTS; POTYVIRUS AB Local varieties of papaya grown in the Andean foothills of Merida. Venezuela, were transformed independently with the coat protein (CP) gene from two different geographical Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) isolates. designated VE and LA. via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The CP genes of both PRSV isolates show 92 and 96% nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity, respectively. Four PRSV-resistant R0 plants were intercrossed or selfed, and the progenies were tested for resistance against the homologous isolates VE and LA, and the heterologous isolates HA (Hawaii) and TH (Thailand) in greenhouse conditions. Resistance was affected by sequence similarity between the transgenes and the challenge viruses: resistance values were higher for plants challenged with the homologous isolates (92 to 100% similarity) than with the Hawaiian (94% similarity) and, lastly, Thailand isolates (88 to 89% similarity). Our results show that PRSV CP gene effectively protects local varieties of papaya against homologous and heterologous isolates of PRSV. C1 USDA, Pacific W Area, Pacific Basic Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Los Andes, Dept Biol, Merida 5101, Venezuela. RP Gonsalves, D (reprint author), USDA, Pacific W Area, Pacific Basic Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM dgonsalves@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 88 IS 5 BP 516 EP 522 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.5.516 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814MH UT WOS:000220978300012 ER PT J AU Kim, YK Brown-Guedira, GL Cox, TS Bockus, WW AF Kim, YK Brown-Guedira, GL Cox, TS Bockus, WW TI Inheritance of resistance to Stagonospora nodorum leaf blotch in Kansas winter wheat cultivars SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SEPTORIA-GLUME BLOTCH; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; SPRING WHEAT; COMPONENTS; INOCULATION; SEEDLINGS; DISEASES; TRITICI; BERK AB Stagonospora nodorum blotch can cause serious yield and quality losses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in many countries worldwide. Although there are other control methods, host resistance is the most desirable. Three recent Kansas winter wheat cultivars (Betty, Heyne, and 2163) have been developed with moderate levels of resistance to the leaf phase of Stagonospora nodorum blotch. To determine inheritance of resistance and allelism, these cultivars were crossed with one of three susceptible lines (Larned, KS96WGRC39, or Newton) and intercrossed in all possible combinations, including reciprocals. The parents, F-1, F-2, and F-3 generations were tested for resistance to S. nodorum in the greenhouse as 4-week-old seedlings. Cytoplasmic effects were not detected in any cross. The mean levels of infection in the F(1)s of the two crosses Betty x Larned and Heyne x KS96WGRC39 indicated resistance was dominant. The observed phenotypic ratios of F, plants for both crosses were not significantly different from the expected ratio for a single dominant gene. The ratio observed for F-3 lines in the Betty x Larned cross fit that expected for a single dominant gene. However, the observed ratio of the F-3 lines from the cross Heyne x KS96WGRC39 did not fit the ratio expected for a single dominant gene. The allelism test for Betty and Heyne indicated that they have different resistance genes. The F, mean rating of the cross 2163 x Newton was intermediate between the two parents, indicating the absence of dominance for resistance in 2163. The phenotypic ratio observed in the F, plants from this cross did not fit the ratio expected for a single dominant gene. The simple genetic control of resistance in cv. Betty makes it a useful source of resistance for wheat breeding programs. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Land Inst, Salina, KS 67401 USA. RP Bockus, WW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bockus@plantpath.ksu.edu NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 88 IS 5 BP 530 EP 536 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.5.530 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814MH UT WOS:000220978300014 ER PT J AU Guaragna, MA Jordan, RL Putnam, ML AF Guaragna, MA Jordan, RL Putnam, ML TI First report of Bean yellow mosaic virus (Pea mosaic strain) in Verbena x hybrida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Oregon State Univ, Extens Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Guaragna, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 88 IS 5 BP 574 EP 574 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.5.574C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814MH UT WOS:000220978300030 ER PT J AU Martin, RR Tzanetakis, IE Barnes, JE Elmhirst, JF AF Martin, RR Tzanetakis, IE Barnes, JE Elmhirst, JF TI First report of Strawberry latent ringspot virus in strawberry in the United States and Canada SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Diagnost & Res, Abbotsford, BC, Canada. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 88 IS 5 BP 575 EP 575 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.5.575A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814MH UT WOS:000220978300031 ER PT J AU Li, S Kurtzweil, NC Gran, CR Hartman, GL AF Li, S Kurtzweil, NC Gran, CR Hartman, GL TI Occurrence of soybean stem canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis) in Wisconsin SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Pathogen Collect Ctr, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Li, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Pathogen Collect Ctr, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 88 IS 5 BP 576 EP 576 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.5.576B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 814MH UT WOS:000220978300035 ER PT J AU He, XH Anderson, JC del Pozo, O Gu, YQ Tang, XY Martin, GB AF He, XH Anderson, JC del Pozo, O Gu, YQ Tang, XY Martin, GB TI Silencing of subfamily I of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunits results in activation of plant defense responses and localized cell death SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE protein phosphorylation; PP2A; disease resistance; gene silencing; Pto kinase ID BACTERIAL SPECK DISEASE; 2A REGULATORY SUBUNIT; OF-FUNCTION MUTATION; PTO KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; PHYSICAL INTERACTION; RESISTANCE AB The central importance of protein phosphorylation in plant defense responses has been demonstrated by the isolation of several disease-resistance genes that encode protein kinases. In addition, there are many reports of changes in protein phosphorylation accompanying plant responses to pathogens. In contrast, little is known about the role of protein dephosphorylation in regulating plant defenses. We report that expression of the LePP2Ac1 gene, which encodes a catalytic subunit of the heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac), is rapidly induced in resistant tomato leaves upon inoculation with an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. By analysis of PP2Ac gene sequences from several plant species, we found that PP2Ac genes cluster into two subfamilies, with LePP2Ac1 belonging to subfamily I. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in Nicotiana benthamiana was used to suppress expression of genes from subfamily I and not from subfamily II. The PP2Ac-silenced plants had greatly decreased PP2A activity, constitutively expressed pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and developed localized cell death in stems and leaves. In addition, the plants were more resistant to a virulent strain of P. syringae pv. tabaci and showed an accelerated hypersensitive response (HR) to effector proteins from both P. syringae and the fungal pathogen, Cladosporium fulvum. Thus, catalytic subunits of PP2Ac subfamily I act as negative regulators of plant defense responses likely by de-sensitizing protein phosphorylation cascades. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Martin, GB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM gbm7@cornell.edu RI Martin, Gregory/F-6262-2011 OI Martin, Gregory/0000-0003-0044-6830 NR 61 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 38 IS 4 BP 563 EP 577 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02073.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 818FU UT WOS:000221231800001 PM 15125764 ER PT J AU Stacey, G Vodkin, L Parrott, WA Shoemaker, RC AF Stacey, G Vodkin, L Parrott, WA Shoemaker, RC TI National science foundation-sponsored workshop report. Draft plan for soybean genomics SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ORGANIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; INBRED LINES; DNA; EVOLUTION; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; REGION; MODEL AB Recent efforts to coordinate and define a research strategy for soybean (Glycine max) genomics began with the establishment of a Soybean Genetics Executive Committee, which will serve as a communication focal point between the soybean research community and granting agencies. Secondly, a workshop was held to define a strategy to incorporate existing tools into a framework for advancing soybean genomics research. This workshop identified and ranked research priorities essential to making more informed decisions as to how to proceed with large scale sequencing and other genomics efforts. Most critical among these was the need to finalize a physical map and to obtain a better understanding of genome microstructure. Addressing these research needs will require pilot work on new technologies to demonstrate an ability to discriminate between recently duplicated regions in the soybean genome and pilot projects to analyze an adequate amount of random genome sequence to identify and catalog common repeats. The development of additional markers, reverse genetics tools, and bioinformatics is also necessary. Successful implementation of these goals will require close coordination among various working groups. C1 Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Stacey, G (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM staccyg@missouri.edu NR 80 TC 32 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 135 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1104/pp.103.037903 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 820WQ UT WOS:000221420800008 PM 15141067 ER PT J AU Gu, YQ Coleman-Derr, D Kong, XY Anderson, OD AF Gu, YQ Coleman-Derr, D Kong, XY Anderson, OD TI Rapid genome evolution revealed by comparative sequence analysis of orthologous regions from four triticeae genomes SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT GLUTENIN GENES; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; RECOMBINATION RATES; GRASS GENOMES; DNA-SEQUENCE; BREAD WHEAT; AESTIVUM L; BARLEY; RETROTRANSPOSONS; CHROMOSOME AB Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an allohexaploid species, consisting of three subgenomes (A, B, and D). To study the molecular evolution of these closely related genomes, we compared the sequence of a 307-kb physical contig covering the high molecular weight (HMW)-glutenin locus from the A genome of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum, AABB) with the orthologous regions from the B genome of the same wheat and the D genome of the diploid wheat Aegilops tauschii (Anderson et al., 2003; Kong et al., 2004). Although gene colinearity appears to be retained, four out of six genes including the two paralogous HMW-glutenin genes are disrupted in the orthologous region of the A genome. Mechanisms involved in gene disruption in the A genome include retroelement insertions, sequence deletions, and mutations causing in-frame stop codons in the coding sequences. Comparative sequence analysis also revealed that sequences in the colinear intergenic regions of these different genomes were generally not conserved. The rapid genome evolution in these regions is attributable mainly to the large number of retrotransposon insertions that occurred after the divergence of the three wheat genomes. Our comparative studies indicate that the B genome diverged prior to the separation of the A and D genomes. Furthermore, sequence comparison of two distinct types of allelic variations at the HMW-glutenin loci in the A genomes of different hexaploid wheat cultivars with the A genome locus of durum wheat indicates that hexaploid wheat may have more than one tetraploid ancestor. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Germplasm Resources, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Gu, YQ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ygu@pw.usda.gov NR 48 TC 92 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 135 IS 1 BP 459 EP 470 DI 10.1104/pp.103.038083 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 820WQ UT WOS:000221420800046 PM 15122014 ER PT J AU Zeng, LH Kwon, TR Liu, XA Wilson, C Grieve, CM Gregorio, GB AF Zeng, LH Kwon, TR Liu, XA Wilson, C Grieve, CM Gregorio, GB TI Genetic diversity analyzed by microsatellite markers among rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes with different adaptations to saline soils SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE salt tolerance; microsatellite; genetic similarity; ion content; ion selectivity; rice ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SALT TOLERANCE; PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS; YIELD COMPONENTS; SODIUM UPTAKE; POLYMORPHISM; CULTIVARS; STRESS; CROP; RESISTANCE AB The success of salt tolerance breeding programs employing traditional screening and selection has been limited in the past decades. This study was designed to characterize the genetic diversity within a subset of rice germplasm with different adaptations to saline soils using microsatellite markers. Salt tolerance was then analyzed among molecularly characterized genotypes. Plants of 33 genotypes were grown in sand tanks under greenhouse condition and irrigated with Yoshida nutrient solution. Two salt treatments were imposed with electrical conductivities of 0.9 dS m(-1) (control) and 6.5 dS m(-1) (6:1 molar ratio of NaCl and CaCl2). A total of 123 alleles were generated at 25 microsatellite loci among the 33 genotypes. Genotypes of japonica rice grouped into three clusters and those of indica rice grouped into two clusters based on microsatellite markers. Thirty percent of the alleles detected in 20 breeding lines were not identified in the cultivars analyzed. These alleles may provide favorable allelic combinations if the breeding lines are used for intercrosses. Physiological and morphological characters under salt stress were significantly (P = 0.05) different among microsatellite clusters. There was a highly significant correlation (r = -0.25; P = 0.005) between the matrices of Jaccard genetic similarity based on microsatellite markers and taxonomic distance based on ion data. These results indicate that the adaptation of rice to saline soils is different among genotypes with diverse genetic backgrounds. Implications for engineering salt tolerance are: (1) Improving salt tolerance can be achieved by selecting parental genotypes prior to intercrossing based on microsatellite markers. (2) Phenotypic variation of ion contents in segregating populations can be increased by selecting parental genotypes prior to intercrossing based on microsatellite markers. (3) Different salt tolerance components can be combined into a cultivar by intercrossing genotypes from different microsatellite clusters with diverse salt tolerance mechanisms. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, PWA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Int Rice Res Inst, Plant Breeding Genet & Biochem Div, Manila, Philippines. RP Zeng, LH (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, PWA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM lzeng@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 166 IS 5 BP 1275 EP 1285 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.01.005 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 812KO UT WOS:000220838600019 ER PT J AU Pechous, SW Whitaker, BD AF Pechous, SW Whitaker, BD TI Cloning and functional expression of an (E,E)-alpha-farnesene synthase cDNA from peel tissue of apple fruit SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE apple fruit (E,E)-alpha-farnesene; ethylene regulation; Malus; sesquiterpene biosynthesis; superficial scald ID SUPERFICIAL SCALD DEVELOPMENT; ALPHA-FARNESENE SYNTHESIS; CODLING MOTH LARVAE; STORED APPLES; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; MYRCENE SYNTHASE; DELICIOUS APPLES; CORTLAND APPLES; VOLATILES; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Increased production of terpenes and many other aroma-related volatiles occurs with the onset of ripening in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit. The gaseous plant hormone ethylene plays a key role in the induction of volatile synthesis, but the mechanism is not yet understood. Using a degenerate primer based on a short conserved sequence shared by several sesquiterpene synthases, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with RNA isolated from peel tissue of 'Law Rome' apples yielded an approx. 800-bp gene fragment. This was used to screen a cDNA library generated from the peel tissue mRNA. A full-length terpene synthase (TS) cDNA 1,931 nucleotides long was isolated. The 1,728-bp open reading frame encodes a protein 576 amino acids long with a molecular mass of 66 kDa. Sequence analysis of the apple TS showed it to be most similar to several monoterpene synthases. Oddly, the TS includes an RR(X-8)W motif near the N-terminus that is common among monoterpene synthases but it lacks the plastid transit peptide sequence typically associated with genes of that group. Expression of the apple TS gene in Escherichia coli gave myc-epitope-tagged and untagged proteins estimated at approx. 68 and approx. 66 kDa, respectively. In assays of sesquiterpene synthase activity, with farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, the untagged bacterially expressed TS gene product synthesized (E,E)-alpha-farnesene almost exclusively. In monoterpene synthase assays, with geranyl diphosphate as substrate, the untagged apple TS produced only (E)-beta-ocimene, albeit at much reduced levels. Addition of a C-terminal myc tag appeared to completely prevent production of soluble protein under all of the expression conditions tested. This is the first report of an (E,E)-alpha-farnesene synthase gene (AFS1; GenBank accession number AY182241) from a flowering plant. RNA gel blots showed that AFS1 transcript increased about 4-fold in peel tissue of apple fruit during the first 4 weeks of storage at 0.5degreesC. In contrast, when fruit were treated at harvest with 1-methylcyclopropene, a blocker of ethylene action, AFS1 mRNA declined sharply over the initial 4 weeks of cold storage, and fell to nearly undetectable levels by 8 weeks. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM whitakeb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 72 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAY PY 2004 VL 219 IS 1 BP 84 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s00425-003-1191-4 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 817QM UT WOS:000221192000011 PM 14740213 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Triplett, BA AF Kim, HJ Triplett, BA TI Cotton fiber germin-like protein. I. Molecular cloning and gene expression (vol 218, pg 616, 2004) SO PLANTA LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Triplett, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM btriplet@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAY PY 2004 VL 219 IS 1 BP 190 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s00425-004-1258-x PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 817QM UT WOS:000221192000023 ER PT J AU Barraclough, D Obenland, D Laing, W Carroll, T AF Barraclough, D Obenland, D Laing, W Carroll, T TI A general method for two-dimensional protein electrophoresis of fruit samples SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2-DE; varied plant tissues; rapid extraction; mini-prep ID TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; APPLE FRUIT AB During experiments characterizing and identifying proteins from controlled atmosphere-stored apple and peach fruit, we optimized methods for the extraction and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) of fruit proteins, using commercially available immobilized pH gradient strips for the first dimension. The method is relatively rapid with minimal handling of small amounts of sample, and has been reproduced successfully for 2-DE of a variety of fruit and plant tissues in our labs. Critical factors for fruit tissues include using acetone precipitation following incubation in a lysis buffer, and a long iso-electric focussing time. We have observed no interference to focussing from such troublesome fruit components as soluble pectins, polyphenolics, or high-acidity fruit, using this protocol. In addition we have used the method with no modification, for a range of fruit tissues including low protein sources (apple and peach flesh), high lipid material (avocado fruit flesh) and high acidity lemon tissue. As the method in our hands is straightforward and robust, we recommend the method for routine 2-DE separations of fruit samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Gene Technol Grp, Mt Albert Res Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand. ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93468 USA. RP Barraclough, D (reprint author), Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Gene Technol Grp, Mt Albert Res Ctr, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand. EM dbarraclough@hortresearch.co.nz RI Laing, William/E-3636-2010 OI Laing, William/0000-0003-0458-6590 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2003.11.002 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 819TM UT WOS:000221338400006 ER PT J AU Cheng, HW Freire, R Pajor, EA AF Cheng, HW Freire, R Pajor, EA TI Endotoxin stress responses in chickens from different genetic lines. 1. Sickness, behavioral, and physical responses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic selection; lipopolysaccharide; sickness behavior; physical index; chicken ID MULTIPLE-HEN CAGES; GROUP SELECTION; SOCIAL STRESS; ADRENAL-FUNCTION; BODY-WEIGHT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LAYING HENS; ADAPTATION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AB Genetic variation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was studied in chicken lines divergently selected for high (HGPS) and low (LGPS) group productivity and survivability resulting from cannibalism and flightiness in colony cages and in a Dekalb XL (DXL) commercial line. Six-week-old chicks were randomly assigned to control or experimental groups and were injected intravenously with Escherichia coli LPS (5 mg/kg of BW) or distilled saline (control). Sickness responses were measured at 6,12,24,48, and 72 h following injection (n = 10 at each point in time for each line). Although LPS induced widespread sickness symptoms in all of the treated chicks, the reactions were in a genotypic- and phenotypic-specific manner. Compared with LGPS and DXL chicks, HGPS chicks had acute, transient behavioral and physical changes with less effect on BW gain, organ development, and core temperature, which were in the order HGPS < DXL < LGPS. The effects of heritable factors and LPS challenge on the differential responses among the present lines may reflect each line's unique adaptability to stress and resistance to infection and inflammation. The results suggested that the present chicken lines may provide a valuable animal model for investigating the effects of genetic-environmental interactions on the behavioral and physiological homeostasis in response to stress and disease. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ New England, Sch Biol Biomed & Mol Sci, Ctr Neurosci & Anim Behav, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 48 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 83 IS 5 BP 707 EP 715 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 815BH UT WOS:000221017300001 PM 15141826 ER PT J AU Pimpukdee, K Kubena, LF Bailey, CA Huebner, HJ Afriyie-Gyawu, E Phillips, TD AF Pimpukdee, K Kubena, LF Bailey, CA Huebner, HJ Afriyie-Gyawu, E Phillips, TD TI Aflatoxin-induced toxicity and depletion of hepatic vitamin A in young broiler chicks: Protection of chicks in the presence of low levels of NovaSil PLUS in the diet SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; sorption; detoxification; isotherm; NovaSil PLUS ID SODIUM-CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; GROWING BARROWS; HIGH-AFFINITY; ADSORPTION; EFFICACY; CLAY; PREVENTION; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEFICIENCY; DIMINUTION AB Aflatoxin contamination of foods and livestock feeds is an ongoing problem. In this research, NovaSil PLUS (NSP), a calcium montmorillonite clay that is commonly used as an anticaking agent in feeds, was evaluated for its ability to bind aflatoxin B1 (AfB(1)) in vitro and to prevent the onset of aflatoxicosis and vitamin A depletion in broiler chicks in vivo. Isothermal analyses were conducted with NSP and AfB(1), to quantitate and characterize critical sorption parameters at equilibrium, i.e., ligand saturation capacities, affinity constants, and thermodynamics of the sorption process. In vitro results indicated that AfB(1), was tightly sorbed onto the surface of NSP, which provided a high capacity and high affinity for the ligand. Thermodynamics favored sorption of AfB(1) to NSP. The process was exothermic and spontaneous with a mean heat of sorption equal to approximately -50 kJ/mol, suggesting chemisorption (or tight binding). In addition to the in vitro studies, the effectiveness of NSP as an aflatoxin enterosorbent to attenuate the onset of aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks was determined at 3 different inclusion levels in the diet (0.5, 0.25, and 0.125%). NSP alone was not toxic to chicks at a level as high as 0.5% in the total diets (based on body and organ weights, feed intake, and hepatic vitamin A levels). NSP in the diet significantly protected chicks from the effects of high-level exposure to aflatoxins (i.e., 5 mg/kg) and preserved hepatic vitamin A levels, even at lower dietary intake of clay. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Phillips, TD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tphillips@cvm.tamu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42-ES04917, ES09106] NR 44 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 83 IS 5 BP 737 EP 744 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 815BH UT WOS:000221017300005 PM 15141830 ER PT J AU Schneider, MJ Donoghue, DJ AF Schneider, MJ Donoghue, DJ TI Comparison of a bioassay and a liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry(n) method for the detection of incurred enrofloxacin residues in chicken tissues SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioassay; broiler tissue; enrofloxacin; fluoroquinolone; liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry(n) ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; METABOLITE CIPROFLOXACIN; ANTIBIOTIC-RESIDUES; POULTRY TISSUES; QUINOLONES; EGGS; FOOD AB Regulatory monitoring for most antibiotic residues in edible poultry tissues is often accomplished with accurate, although expensive and technically demanding, chemical analytical techniques. The purpose of this study is to determine if a simple, inexpensive bioassay could detect fluoroquinolone (FQ) residues in chicken muscle above the FDA established tolerance (300 ppb) comparable to a liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry(n) method. To produce incurred enrofloxacin (ENRO) tissues (where ENRO is incorporated into complex tissue matrices) for the method comparison, 40-d-old broilers (mixed sex) were orally dosed through drinking water for 3 d at the FDA-approved dose of ENRO (50 ppm). At the end of each day of the 3-d dosing period and for 3 d postdosing, birds were sacrificed and breast and thigh muscle collected and analyzed. Both methods were able to detect ENRO at and below the tolerance level in the muscle, with limits of detection of 26 ppb (bioassay), 0.1 ppb for ENRO, and 0.5 ppb for the ENRO metabolite, ciprofloxacin (liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry(n)). All samples that had violative levels of antibiotic were detected by the bioassay. These results support the use of this bioassay as a screening method for examining large numbers of samples for regulatory monitoring. Positive samples should then be examined by a more extensive method, such as liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometryn, to provide confirmation of the analyte. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Schneider, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mschneider@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 83 IS 5 BP 830 EP 834 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 815BH UT WOS:000221017300018 PM 15141843 ER PT J AU Treuth, MS Sherwood, NE Baranowski, T Butte, NF Jacobs, DR McClanahan, B Gao, S Rochon, J Zhou, A Robinson, TN Pruitt, L Haskell, W Obarzanek, E AF Treuth, MS Sherwood, NE Baranowski, T Butte, NF Jacobs, DR McClanahan, B Gao, S Rochon, J Zhou, A Robinson, TN Pruitt, L Haskell, W Obarzanek, E TI Physical activity self-report and accelerometry measures from the Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE accelerometer; physical activity assessment; reliability; validity ID VALIDATION; VALIDITY; RELIABILITY; CHILDREN; YOUTH AB Background. Valid and reliable physical activity checklists are needed to assess effectiveness of interventions. This study tested the validity and reliability of the Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS) Activity Questionnaire. Methods. Two-hundred and ten African-American girls completed the GEMS Activity Questionnaire (GAQ), a checklist of 28 physical and 7 sedentary activities, including TV viewing, inquiring whether performed on the previous day ("yesterday"), and whether usually performed ("usual"). The girls wore an accelerometer (used as the criterion for validity) for three consecutive days at baseline and after a 12-week pilot intervention. Data from 172 girls at baseline and follow-up were usable for this report. Results. Girls were (mean +/- SD) 8.8 +/- 0.8 years old with a BMI of 22.3 +/- 5.9 kg/m(2). The intraclass correlation (ICC) examining reliability for the accelerometer across 3 days at baseline for the combined group was fair (ICC = 0.33, P < 0.21). The test-retest reliability coefficient for the 18-item MET-weighted GAQ yesterday scores for the comparison group of girls was 0.57 (P < 0.001). At baseline and follow-up, nonsignificant correlations were observed between 3-day accelerometer counts/minute and GAQ 18-item usual score for both comparison and intervention groups. A significant correlation was found between change in accelerometer minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA) between 12 noon and 6 PM and change in GAQ physical activities in the comparison girls (R = 0.35, P < 0.01). The TV-usual score was correlated with 3-day accelerometer counts/minute (R = -0.19, P = 0.02) at baseline for the total sample. Conclusions. Correlations between the GAQ and accelerometer were low, indicating low validity. Although the GAQ may be helpful in describing types of physical activities performed, it needs further development to improve its psychometric properties. (C) 2004 The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Oslo, Inst Nutr Res, Oslo, Norway. Univ Memphis, Ctr Community Hlth, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Stanford Univ, Div Gen Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Res Dis Prevent, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Div Cardiovasc Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Treuth, MS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mtreuth@jhsph.edu RI Schmoelz, Camilie/D-1707-2012; OI Schmoelz, Camilie/0000-0003-2221-9954; Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL62668, U01 HL62662, U01 HL62663, U01 HL62732, U01 HL65160] NR 16 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 38 SU S BP S43 EP S49 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.01.001 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 816QZ UT WOS:000221125700005 PM 15072858 ER PT J AU Conant, RT Dalla-Betta, P Klopatek, CC Klopatek, JA AF Conant, RT Dalla-Betta, P Klopatek, CC Klopatek, JA TI Controls on soil respiration in semiarid soils SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soil respiration; soil carbon; litter quality; soil moisture; pinyon-juniper; ponderosa pine; desert scrub ID ORGANIC-CARBON; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; ECOSYSTEMS; FLUXES; DECOMPOSITION; MATTER; PATTERNS; DIOXIDE; CLIMATE AB Soil respiration in semiarid ecosystems responds positively to temperature, but temperature is just one of many factors controlling soil respiration. Soil moisture can have an overriding influence, particularly during the dry/warm portions of the year. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the influence of soil moisture on the relationship between temperature and soil respiration. Soil samples collected from a range of sites arrayed across a climatic gradient were incubated under varying temperature and moisture conditions. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of substrate quality on short-term soil respiration responses by carrying out substrate-induced respiration assessments for each soil at nine different temperatures. Within all soil moisture regimes, respiration rates always increased with increase in temperature. For a given temperature, soil respiration increased by half (on average) across moisture regimes; Q(10) values declined with soil moisture from 3.2 (at -0.03 MPa) to 2.1 (-1.5 MPa). In summary, soil respiration was generally directly related to temperature, but responses were ameliorated with decrease in soil moisture. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Conant, RT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, 131 East Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM conant@nrel.colostate.edu RI Conant, Richard/B-7586-2013 OI Conant, Richard/0000-0001-7315-2476 NR 22 TC 128 Z9 177 U1 10 U2 91 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 6 BP 945 EP 951 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.02.013 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 826SM UT WOS:000221848900008 ER PT J AU Lovelock, CE Wright, SF Nichols, KA AF Lovelock, CE Wright, SF Nichols, KA TI Using glomalin as an indicator for arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal growth: an example from a tropical rain forest soil SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hyphal production; extra-radical hyphae; in-growth cores; Acaulospora morrowiae; Glomus etunicatum; Glomus intraradices; Gigaspora rosea ID FUNGAL BIOMASS; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE; MYCELIUM; PROTEIN AB Glomalin concentrations of extra-radical arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) hyphae were estimated by deploying hyphal in-growth cores ;containing glomalin-free sand in field soils in a tropical forest and in pot cultures. In field soils, glomalin was 0.044 +/- 0.013 mug m(-1) hyphae. In pot cultures glomalin concentrations were lower (range 0.0068-0.036 mug m(-1)), and varied significantly among species. Using this technique, preliminary estimates of extraradical AM hyphal production on Inceptisols were 1.91 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) and on Oxisol were 1.47 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1), but they could range between 0.9-5.7 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). These rates of hyphal production are approximately 10% (range 5-33%) of estimated above ground primary production of the forest. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM lovelockc@si.edu RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012 OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1009 EP 1012 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.02.010 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 826SM UT WOS:000221848900015 ER PT J AU Blank, RR Young, JA AF Blank, RR Young, JA TI Influence of three weed species on soil nutrient dynamics SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; Centaurea solstitialis; invasive weeds; Lepidium latifolium; plant-soil relationships; soil nutrient availability ID INVASIVE CRUCIFER; NEW-ZEALAND; PLANTS; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEM; VEGETATION; PASTURE; GRASSES AB The hypotheses that weeds increase soil nutrient availability and differentially alter soil nutrient dynamics were tested in the greenhouse by comparing and contrasting plant-soil relationships among Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass, downy brome), Lepidium latifolium L. (perennial pepperweed, tall whitetop), and Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle). These species are highly invasive and produce dense stands that reduce or eliminate native species. A high resource (HR) soil and a low resource (LR) soil were evaluated. To simulate declining soil resources, individual plants were grown in the same pots, hair-vested, then replanted for a total of three growth cycles. Aboveground mass was greatest in the HR soil in which L. latifolium and C. solstitialis accumulated greatest biomass after the second growth cycle and B. tectorum accumulated greatest biomass after the third growth cycle. In the LR soil, all plants had the greatest aboveground mass after the third growth cycle. Overall, nutrient concentration in aboveground tissue declined significantly with growth cycle. Tissue K and P concentrations were highest in plants grown in the HR soil, whereas Ca and N were highest in plants grown in the LR soil. Nutrient uptake overall decreased with growth cycle for the HR soil and increased with growth cycle for the LR soil. Relative to unplanted controls, all three species facilitated an increase in soil-solution Ca and Mg in the FIR soil, greater N-mineralization potential in both soils, and greater enzyme activity in the LR soil by the third growth cycle. The species displayed distinctly different ratios of nutrient uptake and concentration in aboveground tissue, with L. latifolium having much higher tissue Ca/Mg concentration ratios and uptake ratios of Ca/Mg, Ca/N, and Ca/P than C. solstitialis or B. tectorum. Stepwise regression suggests soils with high levels of available Mg may have a greater risk for invasion by C. solstitialis and L. latifolium. These data support the working hypotheses. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM blank@unr.nevada.edu NR 33 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 5 BP 385 EP 397 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000128013.15268.17 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 821WV UT WOS:000221494900007 ER PT J AU Marquez, CO Garcia, VJ Cambardella, CA Schultz, RC Isenhart, TM AF Marquez, CO Garcia, VJ Cambardella, CA Schultz, RC Isenhart, TM TI Aggregate-size stability distribution and soil stability SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATIVE GRASSLAND SOILS; ORGANIC-MATTER; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; PHYSICAL SEPARATION; CARBON; NITROGEN; CROP AB A new theoretical and experimental framework that permits an accurate determination of aggregate-size stability distribution is presented. The size-stability distribution in addition to estimating aggregate-size distribution distinguishes between amounts of stable and unstable macroaggregates (>250 mum). The determination of aggregate-size stability distribution involves the assumptions that soil aggregates can be categorized in terms of their size and water stability (slaking resistance). Experimentally this procedure involves the slaked and capillary-wetted pretreatments; and a subsequent slaking treatment of aggregates >250 mum in size. We also propose the stable aggregates index (SAI) and the stable macroaggregates index (SMaI) for studying soil stability based on aggregate resistance to slaking. These indices account for the total weighted average of stable aggregates and the total weighted average of stable macroaggregates, respectively. Both the SAI and the SMaI indices were shown to be sensitive to the effects of vegetation on soil stability under different riparian buffer communities. The SAI and the SMaI indices were higher in surface soils under cool-season grass than any of the other treatments. These soils samples are well aggregated with SAI = 74% and SMaI = 56% followed by SAI = 55% and SMaI = 37% under existing riparian forest, SAI = 40% and SMaI = 21% under 7-yr switchgrass and SAI = 36% and SMaI = 18% under cropped system. C1 Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias Forestales & Ambientales, Merida, Venezuela. Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, Merida 5101, Venezuela. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Marquez, CO (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias Forestales & Ambientales, Merida, Venezuela. EM omarquez@ula.ve NR 28 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 11 U2 71 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 725 EP 735 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400003 ER PT J AU Kelleners, TJ Soppe, RWO Ayars, JE Skaggs, TH AF Kelleners, TJ Soppe, RWO Ayars, JE Skaggs, TH TI Calibration of capacitance probe sensors in a saline silty clay soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOLUTION ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-CONTENT PROBE; FINE SAND SOILS; FIELD CALIBRATION; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; POROUS-MEDIA; MOISTURE; ANISOTROPY; DIFFUSION AB Capacitance probe sensors are a popular electromagnetic method of measuring soil water content. However, there is concern about the influence of soil salinity on the sensor readings. In this study capacitance sensors are calibrated for a saline silty clay soil. An electric circuit model is used to relate the sensor's resonant frequency F to the permittivity (epsilon) of the soil. The circuit model is able to account for the effect of dielectric losses on the resonant frequency. Dielectric mixing models and empirical models are used to relate the permittivity to the soil water content (theta). The results show that the electric circuit model does not fit the F-epsilon(theta) data if the calibrated bulk electrical conductivity (EC) model is used. The dielectric losses are over-estimated. Increasing the exponent c in the tortuosity factor of the bulk EC model and thereby lowering the bulk EC and the dielectric losses improves the performance of the model. Measured and calculated volumetric water contents compare reasonably well (R-2 = 0.884). However, only 73 out of 88 data points can be described. The rejected points are invariably at high water contents where the high dielectric losses result in the sensor frequency being insensitive to E(theta). C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Kelleners, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM tkelleners@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Soppe, Richard/A-9581-2010 OI Soppe, Richard/0000-0001-6751-8507 NR 42 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 770 EP 778 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400008 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Suarez, DL Basta, NT Lesch, SM AF Goldberg, S Suarez, DL Basta, NT Lesch, SM TI Predicting boron adsorption isotherms by midwestern soils using the constant capacitance model SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MINERALS AB Prediction of B adsorption and transport has required detailed studies of B adsorption and subsequent determination of model parameters. In this study we tested a general regression model previously developed for predicting soil B surface complexation constants from easily measured soil chemical characteristics. The constant capacitance model, a chemical surface complexation model, was applied to B adsorption isotherms on 22 soils from the A and B horizons of 16 soil series from Oklahoma and Iowa. The measured chemical properties were surface area, organic C (OC) content, inorganic C (IOC) content, and Al oxide content. The prediction equations of Goldberg et al. (2000) were used to obtain constant capacitance model values for B surface complexation constants thereby providing a completely independent evaluation of the ability of the constant capacitance model to describe B adsorption. The model was well able to predict B adsorption isotherms on the majority of the soils. The regression model was used to obtain the parameters for the constant capacitance model. Then the constant capacitance model was used to predict the soil specific B adsorption. This is in contrast to regression models that fit adsorption of a series of soils. The distinction is that using the combined regression equations and the constant capacitance model only soil properties and not adsorption are needed to predict soil specific B adsorption data. The prediction equations developed from a set of soils primarily from California, were able to predict B adsorption on a set of soils from different parts of the country. This result suggests wide applicability of the model prediction equations developed previously, for describing B adsorption both as a function of solution B concentration and solution pH. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 795 EP 801 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400012 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Richardson, AE AF Turner, BL Richardson, AE TI Identification of scyllo-inositol phosphates in soil by solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MYOINOSITOL PHOSPHATES; EXTRACTION; ASSIGNMENTS; PHYTASE AB A large proportion of the organic P in soils can occur as scylloinositol phosphates. These compounds are rarely detected elsewhere in nature and remain poorly understood, partly because conventional procedures for their determination are lengthy and erroneous. We report a straightforward procedure for the determination of scylloinositol phosphates in soil extracts using solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Solution P-31 NMR chemical shifts of a range of synthetic scyllo-inositot phosphate esters were determined in alkaline solution. Of these, only the signal corresponding to scylloinositol hexakisphosphate at approximately 4.2 ppm was identified in soil NaOH-EDTA extracts, constituting between 6.5 and 9.8% of the NaOH-EDTA extracted P. This signal has been previously assigned to choline phosphate, but we confirmed it to be an inositol phosphate using hypobromite oxidation, a procedure that destroys all organic matter except inositol phosphates. Lower order scylloinositol phosphate esters were not identified in the extracts studied here, and literature reports suggest that they probably occur in insufficient concentrations to be detected by this procedure. The identification of scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate in soils and other environmental samples will allow its quantification in a range of environments, and facilitate research into the origins and function of this enigmatic compound. C1 CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, 106 Newell Hall,POB 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bturner@ifas.ufl.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Richardson, Alan/I-1903-2012 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; NR 27 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 802 EP 808 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400013 ER PT J AU Morris, DR Gilbert, RA Reicosky, DC Gesch, RW AF Morris, DR Gilbert, RA Reicosky, DC Gesch, RW TI Oxidation potentials of soil organic matter in histosols under different tillage methods SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EVERGLADES AGRICULTURAL AREA; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BIOMASS; CARBON; MINERALIZATION; NITROGEN; FLUXES; CROP AB Organic soils in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of southern Florida, USA, are subsiding due primarily to oxidation by aerobic microorganisms. Since there are large C losses in drained Histosols, it is not certain if minimum tillage will significantly reduce soil C losses below the background levels. The objective of this experiment was to determine if increasing the surface soil disturbance through tillage significantly increases the soil organic matter oxidation potential (OP) in Histosols. Tillage treatments from lowest to highest soil disturbance consisted of (i) no-till; (ii) tine implement cultivation, one pass; (iii) tine implement cultivation, two passes; (iv) heavy harrow disking; and (v) switchplowing. Treatments were conducted on two fields (bare fallow and plant residue covered). Surface soil samples (0-15 cm) and all microbial measurements were taken on 0, 1, 4, 13, 28, and 42 d after tillage. The switchplow treatment had the greatest OP ((14)C oxidation of benzoate) and soil microbial CO(2) respiration (RESP) averaged across the 42-d period compared with the other treatments. No-till tended to have the lowest OP and RESP. Other tillage treatment effects were intermediate depending on field type. Correlation analyses indicated that greater quantities of extractable N (EXN) were related to increased OP in both fields, while higher quantities of extractable C (EXC) were related to increased RESP in both fields. This research demonstrates that minimum tillage can be used on Histosols to reduce C loss and thereby reduce soil subsidence. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Morris, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM dmorris@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 817 EP 826 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400015 ER PT J AU Shi, X Zhu, AX Burt, JE Oi, F Simonson, D AF Shi, X Zhu, AX Burt, JE Oi, F Simonson, D TI A case-based reasoning approach to fuzzy soil mapping SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXPERT-SYSTEM; LANDFORM ELEMENTS; LOGIC; CLASSIFICATION; MODEL; GIS; INFORMATION; TOPOGRAPHY; INFERENCE; KNOWLEDGE AB Some problems in traditional soil mapping-high cost, high subjectivity, poor documentation, and low accuracy and precision-have motivated the development of a knowledge-based fuzzy soil mapping system, named SoLIM (Soil Land Inference Model). The rule-based method of the current SoLIM has its limitations. It requires explicit knowledge of the details of soil-environment relationships and it assumes that the environmental variables are independent from each other. This paper presents a case-based reasoning (CBR) approach as an alternative to the rule-based method. Case-based reasoning uses knowledge in the form of specific cases to solve a new problem, and the solution is based on the similarities between the new problem and the available cases. With the CBR method, soil scientists express their knowledge by providing locations (cases) indicating the association between a soil and a landscape or environmental configuration. In this way, the soil scientists avoid the difficulties associated with depicting the details of a soil-environment relationship and assuming the independence of environmental variables. The CBR inference engine computes the similarity between the environmental configuration at a given location and that associated with each case representing a soil type, and then uses these similarity values to approximate the similarity of the local soil at the given location to the given soil type. A case study in southwestern Wisconsin demonstrates that CBR can be an easy and effective way for soil scientists to express their knowledge. For the study area, the result from the CBR inference engine is more accurate than that from the traditional soil mapping process. Case-based reasoning can be a good solution for a knowledge-based fuzzy soil mapping system. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dep Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Univ Wisconsin, Dep Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, NRCS, Richland Ctr, WI 53581 USA. RP Shi, X (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dep Geog, 6017 Fairchild, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM xun.shi@dartmouth.edu NR 41 TC 35 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 885 EP 894 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400022 ER PT J AU Davis, AA Stolt, MH Compton, JE AF Davis, AA Stolt, MH Compton, JE TI Spatial distribution of soil carbon in southern new England hardwood forest landscapes SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; UNITED-STATES; STORAGE; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; ACCUMULATION; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; STOCKS; WORLD AB Understanding soil organic C (SOC) spatial variability is critical when developing C budgets, explaining the cause and effects of climate change, and for basic ecosystem characterization. We investigated delineations of four soil series to elucidate the factors that affect the size, distribution, and variability of SOC pools from horizon to landscape scales. These soils, classified as Udipsamments, Dystrudepts, Endoaquepts, and Haplosaprists, were sampled along random transects to a depth of 1 m. In very poorly and poorly drained soils 75 and 45% of total SOC was found below 30 cm, respectively. In contrast, only 30% of the total SOC could be accounted for below 30 cm in the well and excessively drained soils. Soils formed in outwash and young alluvium sequestered a greater portion of total SOC within the subsoil, while soils formed in loess held approximately 70% of the SOC within O and A horizons. Total SOC contents among the four soil types differed significantly (p < 0.001), with the wetter soils having greater accumulations of C. Soil C pools ranged from 110 Mg C ha(-1) in the excessively drained Psamments (double the mean national value) to 586 Mg C ha-1 in the very poorly drained Saprists (30-60% lower than the mean national value). The two-fold differences between our data and the national averages support the need for regional assessments of soil C pools. Based on the coefficient of variation (CV) values, there appears to be nearly as much variability in the SOC pool within a delineation (CVs ranged 9 to 30%) as among delineations (CVs ranged from 15 to 31%) for the same soil type. Since significant differences were found for total SOC among delineations of the same soil type, we concluded that sampling from a significant number of delineations of the same series will provide a more accurate representation of SOC for scaling to the landscape or region than sampling at multiple locations within a single representative delineation. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI USA. NHEERL, USEPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Stolt, MH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC USA. EM mstolt@uri.edu NR 38 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 895 EP 903 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400023 ER PT J AU Li, Y Tian, G Lindstrom, MJ Bork, HR AF Li, Y Tian, G Lindstrom, MJ Bork, HR TI Variation of surface soil quality parameters by intensive donkey-drawn tillage on steep slope SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EROSION RATES; NORTHERN THAILAND; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WATER EROSION; TRANSLOCATION; REDISTRIBUTION; PRODUCTIVITY; PATTERNS; TERRACES; MOVEMENT AB Few direct measurements are made to quantify the erosion from upstope to lower field boundaries by intensive tillage. We conducted 50 plowing operations over a 5-d period using a donkey-drawn mold-board-plow on steep backslope in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Topographic changes at different slope positions were quantified using differential global positioning system (DGPS). Soil organic matter (SOM), extractable P and N, and soil bulk density were measured along a downslope transect after each 10-tillage series. Fifty operations resulted in a decrease in maximum soil surface level (SSL) of 1.25 m in the upper slope position and an increase of 1.33 m at the bottom of the slope. Slope gradients decreased from 37 to 14degrees at the upper position and from 18 to 0degrees at the lower position. Surface soil bulk density increased from 1.14 to 1.28 Mg m(-1) in the upper slope and decreased from 1.10 to 1.03 Mg m(-3) in the middle slope. Mean SOM concentrations in the upper and middle positions of the slope decreased from 8.3 to 3.6 g kg(-1), mineral N from 43.4 to 17.4 mg kg(-1), and Olsen-P from 4.5 to 1.0 mg kg(-1). Intensive tillage resulted in a short-term increase in SOM and available nutrients in the lower portion during the tillage operations. Geomorphologic evolution and landscape variability of dissected hillslopes are attributable to soil movement and resulting physical and fertility degradation induced by intensive tillage. C1 Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Environm & Sustainable Dev, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Metropolitan Water Reclamat District Greater Chic, Biosolids Utilizat & Soil Sci Lab, Cicero, IL 60804 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Kiel, Ecol Ctr, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. RP Tian, G (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Environm & Sustainable Dev, 12 Zhongguancun S St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM Guanglong.Tian@mwrdgc.dst.il.us NR 37 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 907 EP 913 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400025 ER PT J AU Needelman, BA Gburek, WJ Petersen, GW Sharpley, AN Kleinman, PJA AF Needelman, BA Gburek, WJ Petersen, GW Sharpley, AN Kleinman, PJA TI Surface ruuoff along two agricultural hillslopes with contrasting soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-TABLE RESPONSE; CAPILLARY-FRINGE; SOURCE AREAS; RUNOFF; PHOSPHORUS; GENERATION; FLOW; PRECIPITATION; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB The targeting of critical surface runoff-producing zones should account for the influence of subsurface soil characteristics. In this study we assessed the runoff response of contrasting colluvial and residual soils. The study was conducted along two hillslopes within a 39.5-ha mixed land use watershed in Pennsylvania. Six sites (four colluvial, two residual) were monitored for runoff, hydraulic head, water table depth, and soil water content. A total of Ill rainfall events were monitored during the periods of July to December 2000, April to December 2001, and April to December 2002. Two high-intensity (5-min peak > 8 cm h(-1)) events had return periods of 2.5 and 4 yr. The colluvial soils are somewhat poorly and moderately well drained with fragipans and high clay content (37-44%) argillic horizons (fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Aquic Fragiudalfs); the residual soils are well drained with moderate clay content (24%) argillic horizons (fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults). Across all events, overall runoff yields averaged 2.4% from the four colluvial sites and 0.01% from the two residual sites. The two colluvial sites with the greatest runoff production were located at the base of a primarily colluvial hillslope. The largest events at these sites occurred during periods of surface saturation (soil surface to a depth of at least 30 cm). These results suggest that nonwinter P management for these residual soils should focus on rare, large events. Nutrient management planning could be improved if runoff estimation methods were to better integrate information on subsurface and upslope soil hydrologic properties. C1 Univ Maryland, Dep Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Needelman, BA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, 1112 HJ Patterson Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bneed@umd.edu NR 35 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 914 EP 923 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400026 ER PT J AU Scowcroft, PG Haraguchi, JE Hue, NV AF Scowcroft, PG Haraguchi, JE Hue, NV TI Reforestation and topography affect montane soil properties, nitrogen pools, and nitrogen transformations in Hawaii SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST SOILS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LAND-USE CHANGE; TROPICAL FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; COSTA-RICA; MINERALIZATION-RATE; NET NITRIFICATION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; ATLANTIC LOWLANDS AB Land use changes, such as deforestation and reforestation, modify not only the organisms inhabiting affected areas, but also above-and belowground environments. Topography further influences local vegetation and environment. Effects of topography and re-establishment of N-fixing koa (Acacia koa A. Gray) trees in +100-yr-old montane grassland on surface soil properties, N pools, and N transformations were assessed using standard and N-15-isotope pool dilution methods. Data were collected for soils on slopes and in drainage bottoms located in grassland, under 9- to 11-yr-old planted koa, and in nearby old-growth koa-ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud.) forest. Soil under planted koa had significantly lower fine soil bulk density and pH than soil in grassland, and had concentrations of total C, total N, and extractable Mg and C/N ratio intermediate between grassland and forest. Topographic position affected pH and concentrations of total C, total N, and extractable P. Ten years after koa trees were re-introduced to grassland, the concentration of soil NH4+-N had increased above levels found even in intact forest, and the concentration of NO3--N was intermediate between forest and grassland. Ammonium dominated the inorganic N pools in grassland soil and NO3 dominated in forest soil. Under planted koa, NH4+ domination was beginning to give way to NO3- domination. Soil microorganisms were potentially strong competitors for inorganic N on grassland slopes where they immobilized nearly all the inorganic N that was produced during short- and medium-term field incubations, thus leaving little for plant growth. Re-establishment of koa trees increased soil N availability. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res, 1151 Punchbowl St,Suite 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM pscowcroft@fs.fed.us NR 81 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 959 EP 968 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400031 ER PT J AU Morris, DR Glaz, B Daroub, SH AF Morris, DR Glaz, B Daroub, SH TI Organic matter oxidation potential determination in a periodically flooded histosol under sugarcane SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EVERGLADES AGRICULTURAL AREA; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CARBON METABOLISM; SOIL; MINERALIZATION; SUBSIDENCE; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; PLANTS AB Histosols of the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) are subsiding primarily from aerobic microbial oxidation. An experiment was conducted in a Histosol to evaluate methods [C-14-benzoate oxidation (BO), soil respiration (CO2 evolution; RESP), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC)] of determining short-term organic matter (OM) oxidation potential under alternate flood and drain management. Sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum species) was grown in field lysimeters containing Pahokee muck soil (euic, hyperthermic Lithic Haplosaprist). Soils were Hooded for 7 d followed by drainage to three depths (16, 33, and 50 cm) for 14 d. A continuously drained control treatment was also included. Thus, soils under four flood and drain cycles were sampled during the drain period. Increased water table levels after flooding reduced BO, tended to increase MBC, and had little effect on RESP. Consequently, BO was not correlated with either MBC or RESP, which suggests that microbes responsible for OM oxidation are a small portion of the total microbial population. Alternate flooding and draining increased 130 compared with the drain control. Soil moisture (SM) and soluble organic carbon (SOC) were both negatively correlated with BO, but not with either MBC or RESP. Soil moisture and SOC may provide alternate indicators for OM oxidation potential. Since BO responded according to soil OM oxidation on the basis of Held measurements previously reported, BO was the best of the three methods for predicting short-term effects of water table management on soil OM oxidation potential. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Morris, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM dmorris@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 994 EP 1001 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400034 ER PT J AU D'Amore, DV Stewart, SR Huddleston, JH AF D'Amore, DV Stewart, SR Huddleston, JH TI Saturation, reduction, and the formation of iron-manganese concretions in the Jackson-Frazier Wetland, Oregon SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL MORPHOLOGY; OXYGEN; WISCONSIN; MOVEMENT AB The Jackson-Frazier wetland is a rare, relatively undisturbed wetland in the Willamette Valley of Oregon that experiences repetitive annual flooding and drying cycles. Redoximorphic features formed by these wetting and drying cycles have not been calibrated with saturation and reduction. Long-term measurements of soil saturation and soil redox potential (EH) were combined with measurements of Fe and Mn concentrations to understand the formation of these redoximorphic features in the wetland soils. The Jackson-Frazier wetland is underlain by three stratigraphic units that control its hydrology: Holocene alluvium (A and Bss horizons), Malpass clay (2Bt horizon), and Irish Bend silts (3BC horizon). All three units are saturated for up to 9 mo each year, leading to EH values that fall below the Fe reduction threshold. Extractable Fe and Mn in nodules, concretions, and soft masses document substantial depletions from the matrix soil in all three units. In the 3BC, diffuse halos of Fe accumulation and matrix chromas from two to four indicate a source of Fe that can be reduced, translocated, and concentrated in nodular form. In the Bss and 3BC horizons, soft masses surrounding concentrations and higher ratios of oxalate to dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate Fe (Fe-ox/Fe-DCB) in the larger concentrations suggest that nodules and concretions are currently forming by accretion of Fe. In the 2Bt, virtually all of the Fe and Mn is gone from the matrix, and concretion boundaries are sharp. These are not relict features, as the current conditions would favor continued formation had the supply of Fe and Mn not been exhausted. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. LC Lee & Associates, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP D'Amore, DV (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ddamore@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 1012 EP 1022 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400036 ER PT J AU Arshad, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Azooz, RH AF Arshad, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Azooz, RH TI Surface-soil structural properties under grass and cereal production on a Mollic Cyroboralf in Canada SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aggregation; bulk density; hay; microbial biomass; penetration resistance; soil organic carbon; wheat ID CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION-INCUBATION; ORGANIC-MATTER POOLS; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CROPPING INTENSITY; WHEAT PRODUCTION; LIGHT-FRACTION; ZERO-TILLAGE; CARBON; ROTATION AB Conservation tillage has become a major soil management strategy to reduce soil erosion and improve soil quality, yet the impacts of crop rotation on soil responses to conservation tillage remain poorly described. We investigated the effects, of (i) perennial grass cover versus annual cropping and (ii) type of break crop in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based crop rotation system on surface-soil (0-10 cm) structural and organic matter properties towards the end of a decade of continuous management on an Albic Luvisol in the cold, semiarid region of northwestern Canada. Soil aggregation was at state to resist water erosion more under perennial grass (i.e. bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and red fescue (Festuca rubra L.)) than under annual cropping systems (mean-weight diameter of 2.1 and 1.6 mm under perennial and annual systems, respectively). Soil organic C was higher (44 g C kg(-1) soil versus 38 g C kg(-1) soil), but total soil N was lower (3.5 g N kg(-1) soil versus 3.9 g N kg(-1) soil) under perennial compared with annual cropping systems. There were few significant differences in soil-structural properties among the various annual cropping systems. The largest effect was greater light-fraction C and N under continuous wheat(4.0 g C kg(-1) soil and 0.27 g N kg(-1) soil) compared with other rotations, especially wheat-wheat-tallow (2.4 g C kg-1 soil and 0.16 g N kg(-1) soil), as a result of higher residue inputs. Relationships between mean-weight diameter of water-stable aggregates and biochemical properties were strongest for soil microbial biomass C and soil organic C. Perennial grass cover exhibited greater potential to preserve soil-structural properties than no-tillage annual cropping. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Beaverlodge, AB TOH 0CO, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Arshad, MA (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, POB 29, Beaverlodge, AB TOH 0CO, Canada. EM charlie.arshad@ualberta.ca NR 45 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 77 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.still.2003.10.004 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819BH UT WOS:000221287700002 ER PT J AU Schilling, EB Lockaby, BG Rummer, R AF Schilling, EB Lockaby, BG Rummer, R TI Biomass partitioning and root architecture responses of loblolly pine seedlings to tillage in piedmont and coastal plain soils SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE loblolly pine; Pinus taeda; combination tillage; machine planting; biomass partitioning; root architecture ID FIELD ESTABLISHMENT; SITE PREPARATION; STAND RESPONSE; EARLY RELEASE; PRODUCTIVITY; GEORGIA; GROWTH AB In the southeastern United States, site preparation methods often involve surface and subsurface tillage used singly or in combination. However, growth responses to these treatments are often inconsistent across sites and physiographic regions. In an effort to gain insight into how pine growth is affected by tillage, the effects of two treatments, machine planting and combination tillage (i.e., disking, subsoiling, and bedding), were examined in terms of biomass partitioning and root system architecture Of loblolly pine seedlings (Pinus taeda L.) on Piedmont and Upper Coastal Plain sites in Alabama and Georgia. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of combination tillage on root system development and examine whether potential effects were related to aboveground measures. Seedling allometry indicated that for all sites and both physiographic regions, machine planting and combination tillage treatments resulted in similar biomass partitioning above- and belowground. Furthermore, on both Piedmont and Coastal Plain sites, root architecture was primarily influenced by the presence of the subsoil "rip" regardless of treatment. These conclusions suggest that compared to machine planting, combination tillage did not affect biomass partitioning on the functional rooting zone of these young pines to a degree that was biologically significant. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Engn Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Schilling, EB (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 108 MW Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM schileb@auburn.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 28 IS 2 BP 76 EP 82 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 831NG UT WOS:000222200500002 ER PT J AU Kegley, AJ McKeand, SE Li, BL AF Kegley, AJ McKeand, SE Li, BL TI Seedling evaluation of Atlantic coastal and piedmont sources of loblolly pine and their hybrids for height growth SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE genetic correlation; heritability; heterosis; Pinus taeda; provenance ID ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; PROVENANCE CROSSES; FAMILIES; HETEROSIS AB Seedlings of 60 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) polycross families representing four populations, Atlantic Coastal (CxC) Piedmont (PxP), Coastal x Piedmont (CxP), and Piedmont x Coastal (PxC) were evaluated for first-year seedling height growth in an outdoor site in Raleigh, North Carolina. The CxP hybrids grew as well as the pure Coastal loblolly source, and the PxC hybrids were not significantly taller than the pure Piedmont population. The hybrid populations were intermediate between the parental populations and did not exhibit heterosis for height. However, the hybrids were 4-10% taller than the PxP population, which is the population currently used for forestation in the Piedmont region. There was an advantage for early seedling height growth in having the female parent from the Coastal plain, which appeared to be related to length of the growing season as measured by bud set time. There were strong family differences for seedling height within populations, indicating the potential for selecting the best families within the best populations. The implication is that the hybrid populations of CxP and PxC with improved growth may be better planting stock for the Piedmont than the pure Piedmont populations on some sites. Before implementing such a plan, cold-hardiness and long-term growth and adaptability should be evaluated. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McKeand, SE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, Umpqua Natl Forest,34963 Shoreview Rd, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. EM steve_mckeand@ncsu.edu NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 28 IS 2 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 831NG UT WOS:000222200500003 ER PT J AU McDonagh, KD Meller, RD Visser, RJM McDonald, TP AF McDonagh, KD Meller, RD Visser, RJM McDonald, TP TI Harvesting system simulation using a systems dynamic model SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE timber harvesting; logging models; system dynamics; simulation models ID PRODUCTIVITY; STANDS; PINE AB To compete in the current work environment in the southeastern United States, forestry companies and logging contractors must manage their harvest systems to ensure efficient production. Efficiency in this case can be defined in terms of tons of wood produced per unit of system cost. Site and system factors affect the output from a stand and affect the efficiency of different harvesting systems. A model was developed that can simulate harvesting system production efficiency with changing stand and terrain parameters. Four common southeastern US harvesting systems were included in the model. The model includes functions, adjustable by the user, that quantify the efficiency of each harvest system is measured with respect to terrain parameters (slope and average extraction distance), as well as stand parameters (average tree diameter, stocking intensity, and harvest intensity). By adjusting any of these parameters, it is possible to compare the four harvest systems and to perform various sensitivity analyses. Result examples presented in the article include change in productivity with increasing tree size, productivity changes of a cut-to-length system in varied silvicultural conditions, as well as the associated evaluation of the cost of inefficiency of each system. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Visser, RJM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rvisser@vt.edu NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 28 IS 2 BP 91 EP 99 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 831NG UT WOS:000222200500004 ER PT J AU Huebschmann, MM Lynch, TB Lewis, DK Tilley, DS Guldin, JM AF Huebschmann, MM Lynch, TB Lewis, DK Tilley, DS Guldin, JM TI A bid price equation for national forest timber sales in western Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE producer price index; appraisal; sawtimber; shortleaf pine; stumpage ID ORAL-AUCTION; ONTARIO; OFFERINGS; VALUES AB An equation relating bid price to timber sale characteristics was developed using regression techniques on the basis of data from 150 timber sales that occurred between June 1992 and Dec. 1998 in the Ozark and Ouachita National Forests in Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma. Predicted values of the real winning bid price are based on total sawtimber volume per sale, total pulpwood volume per sale, average sawtimber volume per acre, average sawtimber volume per tree, and the ratio of southern yellow pine #2 dimension lumber producer price index (PPI) to pine sawlog PPI. Sawtimber and pulpwood in these sales are mainly shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.). The most highly significant variables were total sawtimber volume and the ratio of southern yellow pine #2 dimension lumber PPI to pine sawlog PPI. The equation explains 95% of the variation in the total bid price data. C1 Boise Corp, Boise, ID 83728 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Stillwater, OK USA. USDA Forest Serv So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Lynch, TB (reprint author), Boise Corp, Boise, ID 83728 USA. EM tlynch@okstate.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 28 IS 2 BP 100 EP 108 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 831NG UT WOS:000222200500005 ER PT J AU Chojnacky, DC Schuler, TM AF Chojnacky, DC Schuler, TM TI Amounts of down woody materials for mixed-oak forests in Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE deadwood; coarse woody debris; fine woody debris; duff; litter; forest floor; carbon ID GROUND CARBON POOLS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DEBRIS; MASS; STANDS; DECOMPOSITION; LANDSCAPE; FLOOR; FIRE AB Fallen or down dead wood is a key element in healthy forest ecosystems. Although the amount of down wood and shrubs can provide critical information to forest resource managers for assessing fire fuel build up, data on biomass of down woody materials (DWM) are not readily accessible using existing databases. We summarized data collected by the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program into biomass for mixed-oak forest types in Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina to obtain a baseline average for Appalachian mixed-oak forests. We sampled a subset of 76 plots from 16 oak forest types and computed biomass for each DWM component, using slightly different equations for each. Biomass of DWM components was summarized using simple statistics. The mean of all DWM components combined was 32 Mg/ha, and the median was 29 Mg/ha. Over half the mean DWM was duff and litter (18 Mg/ha combined); coarse woody material (CWM) was less than 15% of mean DWM; and fine woody material (FWM) (7 Mg/ha) was almost twice CWM. The range of mass for individual components was quite large. These estimates compare favorably to those found in studies for other forest types. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Chojnacky, DC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 1115-VMPR,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM dchajnacky@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 28 IS 2 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 831NG UT WOS:000222200500007 ER PT J AU Schaad, NW Postnikova, E Lacy, G Fatmi, MB Chang, CJ AF Schaad, NW Postnikova, E Lacy, G Fatmi, MB Chang, CJ TI Xylella fastidiosa subspecies: X-fastidiosa subsp piercei, subsp nov., X-fastidiosa subsp multiplex subsp. nov., and X-fastidiosa subsp pauca subsp nov. SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA-DNA hybridization; 16S-23S ITS sequencing; fastidious plant pathogenic bacterium ID LEAF SCORCH DISEASE; CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RICKETTSIA-LIKE BACTERIA; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID; LIMITED BACTERIUM; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CAUSAL BACTERIUM; PHONY DISEASE; SPACER REGION AB Xylella fastidiosa, a fastidious bacterium Causing disease in over 100 plant species, is classified as a single species, although genetic studies support multiple taxons. To determine the taxonomic relatedness among strains of X. fastidiosa, we conducted DNA-DNA relatedness assays and sequenced the 16S-23S intergenic spacer (ITS) region using 26 strains from 10 hosts. Under stringent conditions (T-m -15 degreesC), the DNA relatedness for most X. fastidiosa strains was *70%. However, at high stringency (T-m -8 degreesC), three distinct genotypes (A, B, and C) were revealed. Taxon A included strains from cultivated grape, alfalfa, almond (two), and maple, interrelated by 85% (mean); taxon B included strains from peach, elm, plum, pigeon grape, sycamore, and almond (one), interrelated by 84%; and taxon C included only strains from citrus, interrelated by 87%. The mean reciprocal relatedness between taxons A and B, A and C, and B and C, were 58, 41, and 45%, respectively. ITS results also indicated the same grouping; taxons A and B, A and C, and B and C had identities of 98.7, 97.9, and 99.2%, respectively. Previous and present phenotypic data supports the molecular data. Taxon A strains grow faster on Pierce's disease agar medium whereas B and C strains grow more slowly. Taxon B and C strains are susceptible to penicillin and resistant to carbenicillin whereas A strains are opposite. Each taxon can be differentiated serologically as well as by structural proteins. We propose taxons A, B, and C be named X. fastidiosa subsp. piercei, subsp. nov, subsp. multiplex, subsp. nov., and subsp. pauca, subsp. nov., respectively. The type strains of the subspecies are subsp. piercei ICPB 50025 (=ATTC 35879(T) and ICMP 15197), subsp. multiplex ICPB 50039 (= ATTC 35871 and ICMP 15199), and subsp. pauca ICPB 50031 (= ICMP 15198). C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Schaad@ncifcrf.gov NR 83 TC 107 Z9 118 U1 2 U2 21 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 290 EP 300 DI 10.1078/0723-2020-00263 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 829FM UT WOS:000222032100004 PM 15214634 ER PT J AU Xu, SS Khan, K Klindworth, DL Faris, JD Nygard, G AF Xu, SS Khan, K Klindworth, DL Faris, JD Nygard, G TI Chromosomal location of genes for novel glutenin subunits and gliadins in wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TETRAPLOID WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SUBSTITUTION LINES; POLYMORPHISM; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS; HMW; POLYPEPTIDES; INHERITANCE AB The glutenin and gliadin proteins of wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides, have potential for improvement of durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum) quality. The objective of this study was to determine the chromosomes controlling the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits and gliadin proteins present in three T. turgidum var. dicoccoides accessions (Israel-A, PI-481521, and PI-478742), which were used as chromosome donors in Langdon durum-T. turgidum var. dicoccoides (LDN-DIC) chromosome substitution lines. The three T. turgidum var. dicoccoides accessions, their respective LDN-DIC substitution lines, and a number of controls with known HMW glutenin subunits were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), urea/SDS-PAGE, and acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE). The results revealed that all three T. turgidum var. dicoccoides accessions possess Glu-A1 alleles that are the same as or similar to those reported previously. However, each T. turgidum var. dicoccoides accession had a unique Glu-B1 allele. PI-478742 had an unusual 1Bx subunit, which had mobility slightly slower than the 1Ax subunit in 12% SDS-PAGE gels. The subunits controlled by chromosome 1B of PI-481521 were slightly faster in mobility than the subunits of the Glu-B1n allele, and the 1By subunit was identified as band 8. The 1B subunits of Israel-A had similar mobility to subunits 14 and 16. The new Glu-B1 alleles were designated as Glu-B1be in Israel-A, Glu-B1bf in PI-481521, and Glu-B1bg in PI-478742. Results from A-PAGE revealed that PI-481521, PI-478742, and Israel-A had eight, 12, and nine unique gliadin bands, respectively, that were assigned to specific chromosomes. The identified glutenin subunits and gliadin proteins in the LDN-DIC substitution lines provide the basis for evaluating their effects on end-use quality, and they are also useful biochemical markers for identifying specific chromosomes or chromosome segments of T. turgidum var. dicoccoides. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xus@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 108 IS 7 BP 1221 EP 1228 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1555-y PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 814QE UT WOS:000220988400005 PM 14727030 ER PT J AU Sharma, KD Winter, P Kahl, G Muehlbauer, FJ AF Sharma, KD Winter, P Kahl, G Muehlbauer, FJ TI Molecular mapping of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris race 3 resistance gene in chickpea SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID (TAA)(N) MICROSATELLITE LOCI; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; ARIETINUM L. GENOME; WILT RESISTANCE; LINKAGE; INHERITANCE; MARKERS; RAPD; IDENTIFICATION; SITES AB Sequence-tagged microsatellite site (STMS) and sequence-tagged site (STS) markers linked closely to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 3 resistance gene in chickpea were identified, and linkage between three wilt resistance genes was elucidated. The resistance to race 3 in chickpea germplasm accession WR-315 was inherited as a single gene, designated foc-3, in 100 F-7 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross of WR-315 (resistant) x C-104 (susceptible). The foc-3 gene was mapped 0.6 cM from STMS markers TA96 and TA27 and STS marker CS27A. Another STMS marker, TA194, at 14.3 cM, flanked the gene on the other side. Linkage between foc-3 and two other chickpea wilt resistance genes, foc-1 (syn. h(1)) and foc-4, was established. foc-3 was mapped 9.8 cM from foc-1 and 8.7 cM from foc-4, whereas foc-1 and foc-4 are closely linked at 1.1 cM. The identification of closely linked markers to resistance genes will facilitate marker-assisted selection for introgression of the race 3 resistance gene to susceptible chickpea lines. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Adv Ctr Hill Bioresources & Biotechnol, Palampur 176062, Himachal Prades, India. Univ Frankfurt, Bioctr, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 36 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 108 IS 7 BP 1243 EP 1248 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1561-0 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 814QE UT WOS:000220988400008 PM 14689189 ER PT J AU De Koeyer, DL Tinker, NA Wight, CP Deyl, J Burrows, VD O'Donoughue, LS Lybaert, A Molnar, SJ Armstrong, KC Fedak, G Wesenberg, DM Rossnagel, BG McElroy, AR AF De Koeyer, DL Tinker, NA Wight, CP Deyl, J Burrows, VD O'Donoughue, LS Lybaert, A Molnar, SJ Armstrong, KC Fedak, G Wesenberg, DM Rossnagel, BG McElroy, AR TI A molecular linkage map with associated QTLs from a hulless x covered spring oat population SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM MAP; NAKED GRAIN CHARACTER; VARYING CHARACTERS; AVENA-SATIVA; MAJOR GENES; RECURRENT SELECTION; BETA-GLUCAN; OIL CONTENT; BARLEY AB In spring-type oat (Avena sativa L.), quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected in adapted populations may have the greatest potential for improving germplasm via marker-assisted selection. An F-6 recombinant inbred (RI) population was developed from a cross between two Canadian spring oat varieties: 'Terra', a hulless line, and 'Marion', an elite covered-seeded line. A molecular linkage map was generated using 430 AFLP, RFLP, RAPD, SCAR, and phenotypic markers scored on 101 RI lines. This map was refined by selecting a robust set of 124 framework markers that mapped to 35 linkage groups and contained 35 unlinked loci. One hundred one lines grown in up to 13 field environments in Canada and the United States between 1992 and 1997 were evaluated for 16 agronomic, kernel, and chemical composition traits. QTLs were localized using three detection methods with an experiment-wide error rate of approximately 0.05 for each trait. In total, 34 main-effect QTLs affecting the following traits were identified: heading date, plant height, lodging, visual score, grain yield, kernel weight, milling yield, test weight, thin and plump kernels, groat beta-glucan concentration, oil concentration, and protein. Several of these correspond to QTLs in homologous or homoeologous regions reported in other oat QTL studies. Twenty-four QTL-by-environment interactions and three epistatic interactions were also detected. The locus controlling the covered/hulless character (N1) affected most of the traits measured in this study. Additive QTL models with N1 as a covariate were superior to models based on separate covered and hulless sub-populations. This approach is recommended for other populations segregating for major genes. Marker-trait associations identified in this study have considerable potential for use in marker-assisted selection strategies to improve traits within spring oat breeding programs. C1 ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP De Koeyer, DL (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 2S9, Canada. EM dekoeyerd@agr.gc.ca NR 54 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 108 IS 7 BP 1285 EP 1298 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1556-x PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 814QE UT WOS:000220988400013 PM 14767596 ER PT J AU DuPont, FM Vensel, W Encarnacao, T Chan, R Kasarda, DD AF DuPont, FM Vensel, W Encarnacao, T Chan, R Kasarda, DD TI Similarities of omega gliadins from Triticum urartu to those encoded on chromosome 1A of hexaploid wheat and evidence for their post-translational processing SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; SEED-STORAGE PROTEINS; BREAD WHEAT; C-HORDEIN; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; WINTER-WHEAT; A-GENOME; GENES; ELECTROPHORESIS; COMPONENTS AB The omega-gliadins encoded on chromosome 1 of the A genome were purified from Triticum aestivum L. (2n=6x=42, AABBDD) cv. Butte86, nullisomic 1D-tetrasomic 1A of cv. Chinese Spring (CS N1DT1A), and the diploid T. urartu (2n=2x=14, AA). Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of gliadin extracts from CS nullisomic-tetrasomic (NT) lines confirmed the assignment to chromosome 1A. The purified omega-gliadins were characterized by mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing. The 1A-encoded omega-gliadins were smaller than 1B- or 1D-encoded omega-gliadins. The N-terminal amino acid sequences for 1A omega-gliadin mature peptides were nearly identical to those for the T. urartu omega-gliadins and were more similar to 1D omega-gliadin sequences than to sequences for T. monococum omega-gliadins, barley C-hordeins, or rye omega-secalins. They diverged greatly from the N-terminal sequences for the 1B omega-gliadins. The data suggest that T. urartu is the A-genome donor, and that post-translational cleavage by an asparaginyl endoprotease produces those omega-gliadins with N-terminal sequences beginning with KEL. C1 ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP DuPont, FM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fmd@pw.usda.gov OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 48 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 108 IS 7 BP 1299 EP 1308 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1565-9 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 814QE UT WOS:000220988400014 PM 14747918 ER PT J AU Chen, JF Luo, XD Qian, CT Jahn, MM Staub, JE Zhuang, FY Lou, QF Ren, G AF Chen, JF Luo, XD Qian, CT Jahn, MM Staub, JE Zhuang, FY Lou, QF Ren, G TI Cucumis monosomic alien addition lines: morphological, cytological, and genotypic analyses SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; SUGAR-BEET; BETA-COROLLIFLORA; BREEDING-BEHAVIOR; SATIVUS L; RESISTANCE; BRASSICA; HYBRIDS; DNA; SECTION AB Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (HH, 2n=24), a wild relative of the cultivated cucumber, possesses several potentially valuable disease-resistance and abiotic stress-tolerance traits for cucumber (C. sativus L., CC, 2n=14) improvement. Numerous attempts have been made to transfer desirable traits since the successful interspecific hybridization between C. hystrix and C. sativus, one of which resulted in the production of an allotriploid (HCC, 2n=26: one genome of C. hystrix and two of C. sativus). When this genotype was treated with colchicine to induce polyploidy, two monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) (plant nos. 87 and 517: 14 CC+1 H, 2n=15) were recovered among 252 viable plants. Each of these plants was morphologically distinct from allotriploids and cultivated cucumbers. Cytogenetic and molecular marker analyses were performed to confirm the genetic constitution and further characterize these two MAALs. Chromosome counts made from at least 30 meristematic cells from each plant confirmed 15 nuclear chromosomes. In pollen mother cells of plant nos. 87 and 517, seven bivalents and one univalent were observed at diakinesis and metaphase I; the frequency of trivalent formation was low (about 4-5%). At anaphase I and II, stochastic and asymmetric division led to the formation of two gamete classes: n=7 and n=8; however, pollen fertility was relatively high. Pollen stainability in plant no. 87 was 86.7% and in plant no. 517 was 93.2%. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was performed using 100 random 10-base primers. Genotypes obtained with eight primers (A-9, A-11, AH-13, AI-19, AJ-18, AJ-20, E-19, and N-20) showed a band common to the two MAAL plants and C. hystrix that was absent in C. sativus, confirming that the alien chromosomes present in the MAALs were derived from C. hystrix. Morphological differences and differences in banding patterns were also observed between plant nos. 87 and 517 after amplification with primers AI-5, AJ-13, N-12, and N-20, suggesting that these plants may contain different C. hystrix chromosomes. C1 Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Chen, JF (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM jfchen@njau.edu.cn RI Jahn, Molly /G-6133-2015 OI Jahn, Molly /0000-0001-8319-3300 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 108 IS 7 BP 1343 EP 1348 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1546-z PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 814QE UT WOS:000220988400018 PM 14666371 ER PT J AU Heintz, RA Nelson, BD Hudson, J Larsen, M Holland, L Wipfli, M AF Heintz, RA Nelson, BD Hudson, J Larsen, M Holland, L Wipfli, M TI Marine subsidies in freshwater: Effects of salmon carcasses on lipid class and fatty acid composition of juvenile coho salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS L; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; STREAM PRODUCTIVITY; ATLANTIC SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; FROZEN STORAGE; SASHIN-CREEK AB Returning adult salmon represent an important source of energy, nutrients, and biochemicals to their natal streams and may therefore have a quantitative effect on the energy levels of stream-resident salmonids. We tested this hypothesis by constructing simulated streams for coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch to which we added 0, 1, and 4 carcasses/m(2) (0, 0.71, and 2.85 kg wet mass/m(2)) of pink salmon O. gorbuscha. After 60 d we evaluated the lipid class and fatty acid composition of rearing coho salmon from the simulated streams; the lipid content and triacylglycerols of the coho salmon increased with increasing carcass density whereas phospholipids decreased. Increased amounts of triacylglycerols accounted for most of the lipid increase. In addition to increasing in concentration, the fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerols also changed with carcass density. Triacylglycerols of juvenile coho salmon from the control streams had significantly higher omega-3 : omega-6 ratios as a result of fivefold and sixfold increases in the concentrations of eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic fatty acids, respectively. These data demonstrate an immediate nutritional benefit resulting from the introduction of salmon carcasses in juvenile coho salmon rearing habitat and indicate the utility of fatty acid and lipid class analysis for examining the effects of marine-derived nutrients on juvenile salmonids. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Heintz, RA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ron.heintz@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 133 IS 3 BP 559 EP 567 DI 10.1577/T03-035.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 828ZM UT WOS:000222012400006 ER PT J AU Hummel, JW Ahmad, IS Newman, SC Sudduth, KA Drummond, ST AF Hummel, JW Ahmad, IS Newman, SC Sudduth, KA Drummond, ST TI Simultaneous soil moisture and cone index measurement SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE sensors; site-specific; soil compaction; soil moisture; soil strength maps; tillage ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SPECTROPHOTOMETER; GROWTH AB Soil compaction can restrict root growth and water infiltration, resulting in yield reduction. Maps of yield monitor data aid in visualization of variations in yield, without identifying underlying factors for these variations. Soil penetration resistance can help identify areas where soil physical characteristics are negatively impacting yield. However, penetration resistance is a function of soil moisture content and soil type as well as compaction. A standard penetrometer cone was modified to collect near-infrared reflectance and estimate moisture content. The instrument was tested in the laboratory on a selection of soil types with varying moisture tension levels using stepwise and continuous probe insertions. Soil moisture, dry bulk density, and clay content were significant variables in predicting soil cone index at the lower moisture tension level. C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. RP Hummel, JW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hummelj@missouri.edu NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 607 EP 618 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 852GK UT WOS:000223743300002 ER PT J AU Brazee, RD Bukovac, MJ Zhu, H AF Brazee, RD Bukovac, MJ Zhu, H TI Diffusion model for plant cuticular penetration by spray-applied weak organic acid bioregulator in presence or absence of ammonium nitrate SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE application technology; bioregulator; cuticle; cuticular membrane; diffusion; diffusivity; foliar; penetration; pest management; surface; systemic ID FINITE DOSE DIFFUSION; TOMATO FRUIT CUTICLES; NAA; ADJUVANTS; SYSTEM; RATES AB Current agricultural crop management practices stand in need of more effective ways to enhance penetration by spray-applied systemic materials through rate-limiting, plant cuticular surfaces. A goal of this study was to develop a plant cuticular penetration model that may aid in identifying and quantifying factors in transcuticular transport that can be effectively managed to promote penetration. A diffusion model was developed that embodied a time-dependent diffusivity and an instantaneous plane source that simulated a finite-dose spray solution containing a systemic active ingredient, with and without an additive intended to increase penetration. The time-dependent, three-layer, apparent diffusivity model was intended to simulate a donor layer on the plant surface whose driving force changed with time owing to spray-droplet drying and alteration of active-ingredient properties by solution additives. The model was validated by comparing its predictions of cuticular-penetration with laboratory data for the anionic form of 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) in the presence and absence of ammonium nitrate (AMN), which increases NAA uptake. Data were obtained with a finite-dose diffusion cell under defined laboratory conditions. The model satisfactorily simulated the experimental observations over a time course of 120 h, other than a tendency to overestimate penetration during the first 10 h following application. Model results also support the possibility that AMN alters the anionic form of NAA to the more readily penetrating nondissociated form. C1 USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Brazee, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, ATRU, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM brazee.1@osu.edu NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 629 EP 635 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 852GK UT WOS:000223743300004 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD Truman, CC Johnson, AW Sumner, HR Hook, JE Dowler, CC Chandler, LD Gascho, GJ Davis, JG AF Wauchope, RD Truman, CC Johnson, AW Sumner, HR Hook, JE Dowler, CC Chandler, LD Gascho, GJ Davis, JG TI Fenamiphos losses under simulated rainfall: Plot size effects SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE metabolites; nematicide; pesticide transport; runoff; water quality ID AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; RUNOFF; DEGRADATION; SOIL; WATER; METABOLITES; PESTICIDES; ATRAZINE AB The purpose of this study was to compare two commonly used runoff experimental methods, which have different scales, on measurements of runoff and associated fenamiphos and metabolite losses over a 2-year period. Methods used were 15 m wide by 43 m long (645 m(2)) mesoplots and 1.8 m wide by 3 in long (5.4 m(2)) microplots, under simulated rainfall (25 mm h(-1) for 2 h) at 1, 14, and 28 d after fenamiphos application. Mesoplots and microplots were established parallel to a 3% slope on a Tifton loamy sand (Plinthic Kandiudult). All plots were planted to corn (Zea mays L.). Target application rate for fenamiphos was 6.7 kg ha(-1). Runoff totals and maximum rates or meso- and microplots were similar with approximately 25% of the rainfall running off mesoplots and approximately 28% running off microplots. Runoff totals and maximum rates from meso- and microplots were each positively correlated (R-2 = 0.89). In both years, fenamiphos lost in runoff decreased with each rainfall event (1, 14, and 28 d after application). The majority of fenamiphos lost in runoff was in the fenamiphos sulfoxide form. Fenamiphos sulfoxide lost over both years from mesoplots ranged from 51% to 93% of the total fenamiphos lost, and loss from microplots ranged from 47% to 100% of the total fenamiphos lost. Runoff from meso- and microplots I d after fenamiphos application, a "reasonable worst-case" event, had the greatest fenamiphos losses among events. Total losses of fenamiphos or this event averaged 1.2% (CV = 26%) of applied amount for mesoplots and 1.3% (CV = 47%) of applied amount for microplots. Maximum (seasonal) fenamiphos losses for meso- and microplots were 1.4% of applied for mesoplots and 2.6% of applied for microplots. A positive correlation was obtained between microplots and mesoplots for total losses of fenamiphos + metabolites (R-2 = 0.88), fenamiphos parent (R-2 = 0.89), and fenamiphos sulfoxide (R-2 = 0.81). Relatively poor agreement was found for relatively small losses of fenamiphos sulfone between plot types (R-2 = 0.34). Microplots and mesoplots yielded statistically similar results in terms of runoff and fenamiphos losses; thus, microplot results can be extrapolated tip to larger mesoplot areas under these conditions. This has implications for field-scale management and watershed assessment in the Coastal Plain region of the southeast U.S. in that microplot and rainfall simulation results could be useful as statistically valid input datasets to estimate runoff and associated fenamiphos losses from larger areas. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wauchope, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946,2316 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM don@tifton.usda.gov RI Davis, Jessica/C-1903-2013 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 669 EP 676 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 852GK UT WOS:000223743300008 ER PT J AU Amatya, DM Chescheir, GM Fernandez, GP Skaggs, RW Gilliam, JW AF Amatya, DM Chescheir, GM Fernandez, GP Skaggs, RW Gilliam, JW TI DRAINWAT-based methods for estimating nitrogen transport in poorly drained watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL, 2001 CL SACRAMENTO, CA SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE decay rate; delivery ratio; DRAINMOD; lumped-parameter model; outflows; poorly drained soils ID HYDROLOGIC MODEL; CATCHMENT SCALE; QUALITY MODEL; RIVER BASIN; VALIDATION; SWAT AB Methods are needed to quantify effects of land use and management practices on nutrient and sediment loads at the watershed scale. Two methods were used to apply a DRAINMOD-based watershed-scale model (DRAINWAT) to estimate total nitrogen (N) transport from a poorly drained, forested watershed. In both methods, in-stream retention or losses of N were calculated with a lumped-parameter model, which assumes that N concentration decreases exponentially with residence (or travel) time in the canals. In the first method, daily field outflows predicted by DRAINWAT were multiplied by average N concentrations to calculate daily loads at the field edge. Travel time from the field edge to the watershed outlet was computed for each field for each day based on daily velocities predicted by DRAINWAT for each section of the canal-stream network. The second lumped-parameter method was similar but used predicted annual outflow to obtain annual load at the field edge. The load was transported to the watershed outlet, and the in-stream N loss was determined by using a constant average velocity (obtained by long-term DRAINWAT simulations), independent of season, for the entire canal-stream network. The methods were applied on a 2,950 ha coastal forested watershed near Plymouth, North Carolina, to evaluate daily, monthly, and annual export of nitrogen for a five-year (1996-2000) period. Except for some late spring and hurricane events, predicted daily flows were in good agreement with measured results for all five years (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, E = 0.71 to 0.85). Estimates of monthly total N load were in much better agreement (E = 0.76) with measured data than were the daily estimates (E = 0.19). Annual nitrogen load was predicted within 17% of the measured value, on average, and there was no difference (a = 0.05) between measured and estimated monthly and annual loads. The estimates of annual N loads using travel time with a daily velocity yielded better results than with the constant average velocity. The estimated delivery ratio (load at the outlet/load at the field edge) for total N was shown to vary widely among individual fields depending on their location in the watershed and distance from the outlet. Both of the methods investigated can potentially be used with GIS in predicting impacts of land management practices on total N loads from poorly drained watersheds. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Amatya, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 2730 Savannah Hwy, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM damatya@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 677 EP 687 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 852GK UT WOS:000223743300009 ER PT J AU Dabney, SM Wilson, GV McGregor, KC Foster, GR AF Dabney, SM Wilson, GV McGregor, KC Foster, GR TI History, residue, and tillage effects on erosion of loessial soil SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE no tillage; residue; runoff; RUSLE; soil conservation; USLE ID GROUNDWATER QUALITY; CROP PRODUCTION; LOSS EQUATION; RUNOFF; SURFACE; ERODIBILITY; WATER; INFILTRATION; SYSTEMS AB Studies have shown that no-till (NT) management reduces soil erosion relative to chisel/disk-tillage (CT) and that this benefit may increase over time. There are fewer data, however to separate the erosion-reduction contributions of surface residue mulch from those of improved soil properties under NT The objective of this study was to quantify these separate contributions for a silt loam soil (Glossic Fragiudalf) used for corn (Zea mays L.) production in northern Mississippi for five to ten years with either CT or NT The experiment had ten treatments. Two were normal CT and NT managements in which a crop was planted but had not emerged prior to simulated rainfall. The other eight treatments had surface crop residues removed and comprised a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of two tillage histories (CTh or NTh), two levels of tillage immediately prior to rainfall simulation (disturbed or not disturbed), and two levels of residue removal (residue removed just prior to simulated rainfall or residue removed one year prior to simulated rainfall). Simulated rainfall was applied at a rate of 65 mm h(-1) in a three-storm sequence on 10.7 x 3.7 m areas. NT exhibited greater runoff but much lower sediment losses than CT Residue removal doubled erosion for both tillage histories. Surface disturbance decreased runoff from the first storm following tillage but increased total soil loss 26% to 47%. With residues removed, long-term NTh resulted in one-third the soil loss of CTh, and similar benefits were observed with or without surface disturbance. This residual benefit of NTh was lost within one year of fallow after residue removal. These results demonstrate that the erosion resistance of NT areas is due to both residue cover and improved soil quality factors. Although the erosion-resisting soil quality factors developed over several years of NT management may be lost within a single year of fallow management, these factors may protect the soil from excessive erosion if NT fields that must occasionally be tilled are quickly returned to NT management. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Dabney, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM sdabney@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 767 EP 775 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 852GK UT WOS:000223743300017 ER PT J AU Bennedsen, BS Peterson, DL AF Bennedsen, BS Peterson, DL TI Identification of apple stem and calyx using unsupervised feature extraction SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE apple; calyx; defects; image processing; sorting; stem ID TIME DEFECT DETECTION; FRUIT AB Neural networks and unsupervised feature extraction were used to classify apple images based on whether or not they included a stem or calyx end. In one experiment, the system successfully classified 98.4% of a test set consisting of 254 near-infrared images captured at 740 nm. The network was also tested on gray-level images captured with light in the visible range. In this test of 242 images, 5% were not classified correctly. In another classification test that included apple images with prominent defects, 28% were misclassified. However the majority of the errors occurred because major defects were mistaken for the stem or calyx. In a practical implementation, errors that could lead to loss in a sorting system would amount to only 0.05%. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bennedsen, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM bbennedsen@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 889 EP 894 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 852GK UT WOS:000223743300031 ER PT J AU Yang, C Everitt, JH Bradford, JM AF Yang, C Everitt, JH Bradford, JM TI Airborne hyperspectral imagery and yield monitor data for estimating grain sorghum yield variability SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE hyperspectral imagery; optimum bands; principal component analysis; remote sensing; yield estimation; yield monitor AB As hyperspectral imagery is becoming more available, it is necessary to evaluate its potential for crop monitoring and precision agriculture applications. In this study, airborne hyperspectral imagery was examined for estimating grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) yield variability as compared with yield monitor data. Hyperspectral images containing 128 spectral bands in the visible to near-infrared region were acquired using an airborne hyperspectral imaging system from two grain sorghum fields during the 2000 growing season, and yield data were collected from the two fields using a yield monitor The raw hyperspectral images were geometrically corrected, georeferenced, and resampled to 1 m resolution, and the raw digital numbers were converted to reflectance. The calibrated image data were then aggregated into images with a cell size of 9 m, close to the combine's effective cutting width. Correlation analysis showed that grain yield was significantly related to the image data for all the bands except for a few in the transitional range from the red to the near-infrared region. Principal component analysis indicated that the first few principal components of the hyperspectral images accounted for 99% of variability in the image data. Stepwise regression analysis based on the first ten principal components revealed that five significant components explained 68% and 80% of the variability in grain yield for fields 1 and 2, respectively. Stepwise regression analysis performed directly on the yield and hyperspectral data identified four optimum bands for field 1 and seven for field 2. The best four-band combination accounted for 69% of the variability in yield for field 1, while the best seven-band combination explained 82% of the variability for field 2. These results demonstrate that hyperspectral imagery can be a useful remote sensing data source for crop yield estimation. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM cyang@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 915 EP 924 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 852GK UT WOS:000223743300034 ER PT J AU Butts, CL Davidson, JI Lamb, MC Kandala, CV Troeger, JM AF Butts, CL Davidson, JI Lamb, MC Kandala, CV Troeger, JM TI Estimating drying time for a stock peanut curing decision support system SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE curing; decision support system; drying; expert systems; models; peanuts AB A decision support system to manage commercial peanut drying facilities was developed. Empirical equations to predict peanut drying time were developed using PNUTDRY a bulk peanut curing model. Input data for the empirical model includes daily maximum/minimum ambient temperature, maximum allowable plenum temperature, maximum allowable temperature rise, initial and final pod moisture content, and airflow rate. Using kernel moisture content instead of pod moisture content, as required in the original simulation model, had minimal impact on predicted drying time. Regression equations comparing actual drying times to estimated drying times had an R-2 of 0.72. When data from loads dried with ambient air were included, the R-2 decreased to 0.48. The equations presented have been incorporated into a software module to manage peanut curing facilities, released as FarmSuite by the Peanut Foundation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. RP Butts, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA USA. EM cbutts@nprl.usda.gov NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 925 EP 932 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 852GK UT WOS:000223743300035 ER PT J AU Rhee, H Fridley, JL Foltz, RB AF Rhee, H Fridley, JL Foltz, RB TI Modeling erosion from unpaved forest roads at various levels of geometric detail using the WEPP model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE erosion; forest roads; geometry; modeling; road network; sensitivity; WEPP AB This study investigates the modeling question: "What level of geometric detail is necessary for modeling surface erosion from a forest road network?" We used the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model to predict road sediment yield from a road network in a timber sale on the Boise National Forest, Idaho. Using three levels of detail (high, intermediate, and low), the outsloped 4.4 km road was divided into road segments (145, 91, and 42) of different lengths. The model predicted that 44, 44, and 42 metric tons per year of sediment would be produced from the 4.4 km road network based on the high, intermediate, and low detail methods, respectively. The model also predicted that a corresponding 0.036, 0.058, and 0.061 metric tons of sediment per year would be delivered into the stream system. Most sediment was predicted to be deposited in the buffer For the predicted sediment produced from the roads, the total difference among the three methods was less than 5%, and regression analysis showed excellent correlation, with no practical differences among the three methods. For the quantity of sediment predicted to be delivered into the stream system from the road, the total difference among the methods was 61%, 67%, and 4% for high vs. intermediate, high vs. low, and intermediate vs. low, respectively. There were no strong correlations between the three methods, and the regression analysis indicated significant differences. More delivered sediment was predicted when using lower detail methods than when using higher detail methods. We conclude from the study results that the low detail method (i.e., considering only road grade reversal) can be used for input requirements of road traveled-way geometry but that a high level of detail (i.e., dividing a road system into more road sections and considering buffer slope breaks an meanderings) is required for modeling the buffer slope geometry. Considering that the results were not sensitive to road traveled-way but were sensitive to buffer geometry, we believe it is advisable to divide a road network into road segments based on buffer geometry as opposed to road traveled-way geometry. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Moscow, ID USA. RP Fridley, JL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM fridley@u.washington.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 961 EP 968 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 852GK UT WOS:000223743300039 ER PT J AU Moore, GW Bond, BJ Jones, JA Phillips, N Meinzer, FC AF Moore, GW Bond, BJ Jones, JA Phillips, N Meinzer, FC TI Structural and compositional controls on transpiration in 40-and 450-year-old riparian forests in western Oregon, USA SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age comparison; Alnus rubra; Pseudotsuga menziesii; riparian vegetation; species comparison; Tsuga heterophylla; xylem sap flow ID DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SAP-FLOW; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; STAND TRANSPIRATION; CANOPY CONDUCTANCE; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; DIFFERENT AGE; OLD-GROWTH AB Large areas of forests in the Pacific Northwest are being transformed to younger forests, yet little is known about the impact this may have on hydrological cycles. Previous work suggests that old trees use less water per unit leaf area or sapwood area than young mature trees of the same species in similar environments. Do old forests, therefore, use less water than young mature forests in similar environments, or are there other structural or compositional components in the forests that compensate for tree-level differences? We investigated the impacts of tree age, species composition and sapwood basal area on stand-level transpiration in adjacent watersheds at the H.J. Andrews Forest in the western Cascades of Oregon, one containing a young, mature (about 40 years since disturbance) conifer forest and the other an old growth (about 450 years since disturbance) forest. Sap flow measurements were used to evaluate the degree to which differences in age and species composition affect water use. Stand sapwood basal area was evaluated based on a vegetation survey for species, basal area and sapwood basal area in the riparian area of two watersheds. A simple scaling exercise derived from estimated differences in water use as a result of differences in age, species composition and stand sapwood area was used to estimate transpiration from late June through October within the entire riparian area of these watersheds. Transpiration was higher in the young stand because of greater sap flux density (sap flow per unit sapwood area) by age class and species, and greater total stand sapwood area. During the measurement period, mean daily sap flux density was 2.30 times higher in young compared with old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. Sap flux density was 1.41 times higher in young red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) compared with young R menziesii trees, and was 1.45 times higher in old P menziesii compared with old western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees. Overall, sapwood basal area was 21% higher in the young stand than in the old stand. In the old forest, T heterophylla is an important co-dominant, accounting for 58% of total sapwood basal area, whereas P. menziesii is the only dominant conifer in the young stand. Angiosperms accounted for 36% of total sapwood basal area in the young stand, but only 7% in the old stand. For all factors combined, we estimated 3.27 times more water use by vegetation in the riparian area of the young stand over the measurement period. Tree age had the greatest effect on stand differences in water use, followed by differences in sapwood basal area, and finally species composition. The large differences in transpiration provide further evidence that forest management alters site water balance via elevated transpiration in vigorous young stands. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Uvalde Res & Extens Ctr, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Moore, GW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Uvalde Res & Extens Ctr, 1619 Garner Field Rd, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. EM gwmoore@ag.tamu.edu RI Moore, Georgianne/B-7891-2011; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Moore, Georgianne/0000-0001-5190-5983; NR 58 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 27 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 481 EP 491 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 819ZC UT WOS:000221354100001 PM 14996653 ER PT J AU Minocha, R Lee, JS Long, S Bhatnagar, P Minocha, SC AF Minocha, R Lee, JS Long, S Bhatnagar, P Minocha, SC TI Physiological responses of wild type and putrescine-overproducing transgenic cells of poplar to variations in the form and concentration of nitrogen in the medium SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ammonia; cell viability; mitochondrial activity; nitrate; ornithine decarboxylase; polyamines; spermidine; spermine ID CULTURED TOBACCO CELLS; SPRUCE PICEA-RUBENS; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; INORGANIC-IONS; CELLULAR POLYAMINES; AMMONIUM TOXICITY; ALUMINUM; METABOLISM; ACCUMULATION; GROWTH AB We determined: (a) the physiological consequences of overproduction of putrescine in transgenic poplar (Populus nigra x maximoviczii) cells expressing an ornithine decarboxylase transgene; and (b) effects of variation in nitrogen (N) concentration of the medium on cellular polyamine concentration in transgenic and non-transgenic cells. Cells grown in the presence of supplemental (to the normal concentrations of N sources in the growth medium) and reduced amounts of NH4NO3 and KNO3 were used to study effects on membrane permeability, mitochondrial respiratory activity, protein accumulation, growth rates and changes in cellular polyamine concentration. The N concentration of the MS medium was not a limiting factor for continued overproduction of putrescine in transgenic cells. However, continued supplies of NH4+ and NO3- were required to maintain homeostatic amounts of putrescine in both cell lines. The presence of high amounts of putrescine in transgenic cells had significant effects on the physiological parameters measured. Compared with non-transgenic cells, transgenic cells had greater plasma membrane permeability, less tolerance to NH4NO3, more tolerance to KNO3, and accumulated higher amounts of soluble protein. C1 USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Forest Res Inst, Div Biotechnol, Suwon 441350, South Korea. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Minocha, R (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM rminocha@hopper.unh.edu NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 551 EP 560 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 819ZC UT WOS:000221354100007 PM 14996659 ER PT J AU Rebbeck, J Scherzer, AJ Loats, KV AF Rebbeck, J Scherzer, AJ Loats, KV TI Foliar physiology of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) exposed to O-3 and elevated CO2 over five seasons. SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE elevated ozone; elevated carbon dioxide; hardwoods; open-top chambers; photosynthesis ID BEECH FAGUS-SYLVATICA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GROWTH-RESPONSES; GAS-EXCHANGE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; OZONE FUMIGATION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; RED SPRUCE; FOREST; SEEDLINGS AB The chronic effects of ozone (O-3) alone or combined with elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) on the foliar physiology of unfertilized field-grown yellow-poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.) seedlings were studied from 1992 to 1996. Within open-top chambers, juvenile trees were exposed to the following: charcoal-filtered air (CF); 1x ambient ozone (1XO(3)); 1.5x ambient ozone (1.5XO(3)); 1.5x ambient ozone plus 700 ppm carbon dioxide (1.5XO(3)+CO2); or chamberless open-air (OA). Seasonal 24-h mean ambient O-3 concentrations ranged from 32 to 46 ppm over the five seasons. Averaged over 5 years, midseason net photosynthesis at saturating light ( A (sat)) was reduced by 14% ( P =0.029) and stomatal conductance ( g (s)) was reduced, albeit non-significant, by 13% ( P =0.096) in upper canopy foliage exposed to 1.5XO(3)-air relative to CF controls. There were no significant differences over the 5 years in A(sat) and g(s) between trees grown in 1XO(3)- and 1.5XO(3)-air. Our results support the hypothesis that the magnitude of O-3 effects on A(sat) and g(s) decreases as saplings age. When averaged over the five seasons of exposure, total chlorophyll concentration ( chl) was not significantly affected by exposure to elevated O-3; however, in 1.5XO(3)+CO2-air, foliar chl was reduced by 33% relative to all others ( P <0.001). In 1.5XO(3)+CO2-air, A(sat) was 1.4-1.9 times higher ( P <0.001) and g(s) was 0.7 times lower ( P =0.022) than all others. O-3 uptake in juvenile trees exposed to elevated O-3 plus elevated CO2 (1.5XO(3)+CO2-air) was most comparable to trees exposed to ambient air (1XO(3)) throughout the study. These findings suggest that elevated CO2 may minimize the negative effects of O-3 by reducing O-3 uptake through decreased stomatal conductance. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Denison Univ, Dept Bot, Granville, OH 43023 USA. RP Rebbeck, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM jrebbeck@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s00468-003-0302-y PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 821GG UT WOS:000221447800002 ER PT J AU Cohen, MF Mazzola, M AF Cohen, MF Mazzola, M TI A reason to be optimistic about biodiesel: seed meal as a valuable soil amendment SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID APPLE C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 22 IS 5 BP 211 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.03.001 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 821BS UT WOS:000221435100004 PM 15109804 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Bettahar, M Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT AF Bradford, SA Bettahar, M Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT TI Straining and attachment of colloids in physically heterogeneous porous media SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; CHEMICAL PERTURBATIONS; BACTERIOPHAGE PRD1; BED FILTRATION; AQUIFER SAND; WASTE-WATER; DEPOSITION; MODEL; GROUNDWATER; ADSORPTION AB Colloid transport studies were conducted in water-saturated physically heterogeneous systems to gain insight into the processes controlling transport in natural aquifer and vadose zone ( variably saturated) Stable monodispersed colloids ( carboxyl latex microspheres) and porous media ( Ottawa quartz sands) that are negatively charged were employed in these studies. The physically heterogeneous systems consisted of various combinations of a cylindrical sand lens embedded in the center of a larger cylinder of matrix sand. Colloid migration was found to strongly depend on colloid size and physical heterogeneity. A decrease in the peak effluent concentration and an increase in the colloid mass removal in the sand near the column inlet occurred when the median grain size of the matrix sand decreased or the size of the colloid increased. These observations and numerical modeling of the transport data indicated that straining was sometimes an important mechanism of colloid retention. Experimental and simulation results suggest that attachment was more important when the colloid size small relative to the sand pore size. Transport differences between conservative tracers and colloids were attributed to flow bypassing finer-textured sands, colloid retention at interfaces of soil textural contrasts, and exclusion of colloids from smaller pore spaces. Colloid retention in the heterogeneous systems was also influenced by spatial variations in the pore water velocity. Parameters in straining and attachment models were successfully optimized to the colloid transport data. The straining model typically provided a better description of the effluent and retention data than the attachment model, especially for larger colloids and finer-textured sands. Consistent with previously reported findings, straining occurred when the ratio of the colloid and median grain diameters was >0.5%. C1 ARS, Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 46 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 7 U2 42 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 384 EP 394 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BA UT WOS:000227468800006 ER PT J AU Abriola, LM Bradford, SA Lang, J Gaither, CL AF Abriola, LM Bradford, SA Lang, J Gaither, CL TI Volatilization of binary nonaqueous phase liquid mixtures in unsaturated porous media SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION; SATURATED SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; NONEQUILIBRIUM MASS-TRANSFER; HYDROCARBON MIXTURES; TRANSFER RATES; DISSOLUTION; WATER; MODEL; TRANSIENT; NAPL AB This study examines the volatilization behavior of binary nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) mixtures consisting of styrene, and toluene or tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Residual NAPL saturations were emplaced in unsaturated ( residual water saturation) soil columns packed with Wagner 50- 80 sand. Initial column effluent concentrations were measured for the NAPL mixtures at several pore gas phase velocities. Rate-limited volatilization occurred at higher gas phase pore velocities, and mass transfer coefficients could be reasonably predicted with a correlation developed from single component NAPL volatilization data. Long-term volatilization studies for the binary NAPL mixtures were also conducted. The effluent concentrations for both NAPL components were observed to be initially proportional to their mole fractions. After the more volatile component became depleted, a rapid drop in the effluent concentration of this component was accompanied by an increase in the mole fraction and effluent concentration of the constituent to near saturated values until the free phase NAPL was volatilized. The final stage of removal was associated with a dramatic decrease in effluent concentration, attributed to reduction the gas-NAPL interfacial area, followed by low concentration tailing and subsequent flow interruption behavior are likely a consequence of rate-limited desorption. Equilibrium and rate-limited simulations of the long-term volatilization experiments did not provide a satisfactory description of the data. A simulation that included a fixed concentration gradient and fitted activity coefficients provided a better characterization of the volatilization data. Various potential explanations for this "fixed gradient" volatilization behavior were considered, but additional research is needed to test these hypotheses. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02153 USA. JC Steele & Sons Inc, Statesville, NC 28677 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Abriola, Linda/F-7624-2010 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 645 EP 655 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BA UT WOS:000227468800030 ER PT J AU Allaire, SE Yates, SR Ernst, FF AF Allaire, SE Yates, SR Ernst, FF TI Effect of soil moisture and irrigation on propargyl bromide volatilization and movement in soil SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE; AGRICULTURAL FILMS; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; TRANSFORMATION; PERMEABILITY; DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; FUMIGANTS; EMISSION; SORPTION AB Propargyl bromide (3-bromo-propyne, 3BP) is a potential replacement for the soil fumigant methyl bromide. Since little is known about its movement in soil, a study was conducted to compare the volatilization and movement of 3BP in the soil profile for different irrigation A rectangular soil column was used to simulate a bed system. The surface of the bed was covered with high-density polyethylene ( HDPE) plastic (i.e., a tarp). The furrow was left uncovered. Multiple volatilization chambers were used to measure emissions the furrows, the slopes of the bed, and the bed. The soil was fumigated by injecting 1.0 mL of 3BP to the center of the column. Three treatments were studied, no irrigation, a single 5-h surface irrigation 24 h after fumigation, and a 2-h daily surface irrigation. Volatilization was about three times greater from nonirrigated soil. Irrigation and higher initial soil moisture content were more effective in controlling 3BP volatilization than the use of a HDPE tarp. Volatilization and degradation were similar for both irrigation treatments, but the 2- h irrigation had the advantage of requiring one-third less Volatilization rates from the slopes of the bed were lower than from the bed surface. To obtain accurate total mass, volatilization chambers should cover the whole bed - furrow system. Short advective gas and liquid fluxes created by the irrigation had pronounced and prolonged effect on 3BP distribution and degradation. Henry's Law could not be used to predict the 3BP distribution pattern in the liquid phase even long after the irrigation ceased. C1 Univ Laval, FSAA, Dept Sols & Genie Agroalimentaire, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Allaire, SE (reprint author), Univ Laval, FSAA, Dept Sols & Genie Agroalimentaire, Pavillon Envirotron, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. EM suzanne.allaire@sga.ulaval.ca NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 656 EP 667 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BA UT WOS:000227468800031 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S AF Goldberg, S TI Modeling boron adsorption isotherms and envelopes using the constant capacitance model SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LAYER SILICATES SESQUIOXIDES; SOIL MATERIALS; RETENTION; PARAMETERS; SORPTION; OXIDE AB Boron adsorption on 23 soil samples belonging to six different soil orders was investigated both as a function of solution B concentration ( 0 - 23.1 mmol L-1) and as a function of solution pH ( 4 - 11). Boron exhibited maxima at high solution B concentration. Boron adsorption increased with increasing solution pH, reached a maximum around pH 9, and decreased with further increases in solution pH. The constant capacitance model was able to describe B adsorption the soil samples as a function of both solution B concentration and solution pH simultaneously by optimizing three surface complexation constants. The ability to describe B adsorption as a function of pH represents an advancement over the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorptration isotherm approaches. Incorporation of these constants into chemical speciation transport models will allow simulation of soil solution B concentrations under diverse environmental and agricultural conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 676 EP 680 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BA UT WOS:000227468800033 ER PT J AU Hansson, K Simunek, J Mizoguchi, M Lundin, LC van Genuchten, MT AF Hansson, K Simunek, J Mizoguchi, M Lundin, LC van Genuchten, MT TI Water flow and heat transport in frozen soil: Numerical solution and freeze-thaw applications SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNFROZEN SOILS; COUPLED HEAT; MODEL; EQUATION; PHASE AB A new method is presented to account for phase changes in a fully implicit numerical model for coupled heat transport and variably saturated water flow involving conditions both above and below zero The method is based on a mixed formulation for both water flow and heat transport similar to the approach commonly used the Richards equation. The approach enabled numerically stable, energy- and mass-conservative solutions. The model was evaluated comparing predictions with data from laboratory column freezing experiments. These experiments involved 20-cm long soil columns with an internal diameter of 8 cm that were exposed at the top to a circulating fluid with a temperature of - 6 degreesC. Water and soil in the columns froze from the top down during the experiment, with the freezing process inducing significant water redistribution within the soil. A new function is proposed to better describe the dependency of the thermal conductivity on the ice and water contents of frozen soils. Predicted values of the total water content compared well with measured values. The model proved to be numerically stable also for a hypothetical road problem involving simultaneous heat transport and flow. The problem was simulated using measured values of the surface temperature for the duration of almost 1 yr. Since the road was snow-plowed during winter, surface temperatures varied more rapidly, and reached much lower values, than would have been the case under a natural snow cover. The numerical experiments demonstrate the ability of the code to cope with rapidly changing boundary conditions and very nonlinear water content and pressure head distributions in the soil profile. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Tokyo, Japan. ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RP Hansson, K (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. EM klas.hansson@hyd.uu.se RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 46 TC 138 Z9 156 U1 6 U2 66 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 693 EP 704 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BA UT WOS:000227468800035 ER PT J AU Khalifeh, MS Stabel, JR AF Khalifeh, MS Stabel, JR TI Upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-10 in cows with clinical Johne's disease SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Johne's disease; Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; immunity; cytokines ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; FACTOR-ALPHA; IFN-GAMMA; MACROPHAGES; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1 AB Johne's disease progresses through distinct stages including a protracted subclinical stage in which the infection appears to be controlled; followed by a more acute stage in which the host animal demonstrates clinical signs such as diarrhea and weight loss. Little is known about the dynamics of the host immune response during these two phases of disease, however, it is possible that immune modulation in the early stages of disease may play an important role in disease progression. We hypothesized that the clinical stage of Johne's disease is mediated by the expression of cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) that may be accompanied by the downregulation of IFN-gamma gene expression. In the present study, tissue samples were collected from the ileum, ileocecal junction, ileocecal lymph node, and mesenteric lymph nodes of healthy, subclinically or clinically infected cows. The expression of TGF-beta, IL-10, and IFN-gamma genes in these tissues was determined by quantitative competitive RT-PCR. The results demonstrate that TGF-beta and IL-10 mRNA levels are higher in cows that have progressed to the clinical stage of disease compared to subclinically infected or healthy cows. In contrast, IFN-gamma gene expression was significantly higher in subclinically infected cows. These results suggest that a change in the balance of cytokines at the site of infection may contribute to the ability of the host to control Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 99 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.01.009 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 819VP UT WOS:000221344300004 PM 15113652 ER PT J AU Chaplot, V Saleh, A Jaynes, DB Arnold, J AF Chaplot, V Saleh, A Jaynes, DB Arnold, J TI Predicting water, sediment and NO3-N loads under scenarios of land-use and management practices in a flat watershed SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE erosion; hydrologic modeling; hydrology; land-use; management practices; nitrogen; scenarios; SWAT ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; QUALITY; GROUNDWATER; HERBICIDES; NITRATE; RUNOFF; SOILS AB Changes in land-use or management practices may affect water outflow, sediment, nutrients and pesticides loads. Thus, there is an increasing demand for quantitative information at the watershed scale that would help decision makers or planners to take appropriate decisions. This paper evaluates by a modeling approach the impact of farming practices and land-use changes on water discharge, sediment and NO3-N loads at the outlet of a 51.29 km(2) watershed of central Iowa (Walnut Creek watershed). This intensively farmed (corn-soybean rotation) watershed is characterized by a flat topography with tiles and potholes. Nine scenarios of management practices (nitrogen application rates: increase of current rate by 20, 40%, decrease of current rate by 20, 40 and 60%; no tillage) and land-use changes (from corn-soybean rotation to winter wheat and pasture) were tested over a 30 yr simulated period. The selected model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) was first validated using observed flow, sediment and nutrient loads from 1991 to 1998. Scenarios of N application rates did not affect water and sediment annual budgets but did so for NO3-N loads. Lessening the N rate by 20, 40 and 60% in corn-soybean fields decreased mean NO3-N annual loads by 22, 50 and 95%, respectively, with greatest differences during late spring. On the other hand, increasing input N by 20 and 40% enhanced NO3-N loads by 25 and 49%, respectively. When replacing corn-soybean rotation by winter wheat, NO3-N loads increased in early fall, immediately after harvest. Pasture installation with or without fertilization lessened flow discharge, NO3-N and sediment delivery by 58, 97 and 50%, respectively. No-tillage practices did not significantly affect the water resource and sediment loads. Finally, such realistic predictions of the impact of farming systems scenarios over a long period are discussed regarding environmental processes involved. C1 IRD Ambassade France, Viangchan, Laos. Tarleton State Univ, TIAER, Stephenville, TX USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. RP Chaplot, V (reprint author), IRD Ambassade France, Viangchan, Laos. EM chaplotird@laopdr.com RI Chaplot, Vincent/C-3116-2014 NR 26 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 35 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 154 IS 1-4 BP 271 EP 293 DI 10.1023/B:WATE.0000022973.60928.30 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 809ZN UT WOS:000220674700020 ER PT J AU Li, JM Smeda, RJ Nelson, KA Dayan, FE AF Li, JM Smeda, RJ Nelson, KA Dayan, FE TI Physiological basis for resistance to diphenyl ether herbicides in common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE herbicide resistance; protoporphyrinogen oxidase; protoporphyrin accumulation; PPO; Protox ID OXIDASE-INHIBITING HERBICIDES; PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE; ACIFLUORFEN; IX; OXYFLUORFEN; BINDING; MODE; SULFENTRAZONE; ACCUMULATION; GENE AB Common waterhemp seeds were collected from two Missouri soybean fields where biotypes were not controlled by acifluorfen. Plants grown from these seeds were tested for resistance to the diphenyl ether herbicides acifluorfen and lactofen. Resistance to susceptibility (R/S) ratios, calculated as the ratio of the dose required to inhibit dry weight accumulation by 50% (GR(50)) in resistant plants to that for susceptible plants, were 9.5 and I I for the Meadville biotype and 28 and 44 for the Bethel biotype exposed to acifluorfen and lactofen, respectively. Electrolyte leakage assays determined that light-induced lipid peroxidation by acifluorfen was greatest on a control population (Bradford), intermediate for the Meadville biotype, and lowest for the Bethel biotype. Levels of the photodynamic pigment protoporphyrin IX (Proto) accumulating in leaf disks exposed to acifluorfen were much lower in the resistant biotypes than in the susceptible wild type, and the level of Proto accumulation was significantly correlated to the degree of membrane disruption. Although the binding of acifluorfen to protoporphyrinogen oxidase in chloroplasts may have been altered in the resistant biotypes, the molecular and biochemical factors involved in the mechanism of resistance remain to be fully characterized. However, this study establishes that the physiological basis for the evolved resistance to diphenyl ethers in common waterhemp rests on the reduction of Proto accumulation. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Greenley Res Ctr, Novelty, MO 63460 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Re Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Re Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@ars.usda.gov RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1614/WS-03-162R PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 821MJ UT WOS:000221464600003 ER PT J AU Liebman, M Menalled, FD Buhler, DD Richard, TL Sundberg, DN Cambardella, CA Kohler, KA AF Liebman, M Menalled, FD Buhler, DD Richard, TL Sundberg, DN Cambardella, CA Kohler, KA TI Impacts of composted swine manure on weed and corn nutrient uptake, growth, and seed production SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomass production; composted swine manure; plant nutrient status; seed production ID INTERFERENCE RELATIONSHIPS; ZEA-MAYS; STABILITY; SYSTEM; MEDIA; TIME AB Hoop structures bedded with crop residues are becoming increasingly popular for swine production in the northcentral United States. Compost made from bedding materials and swine manure can be used as a soil amendment. A 3-yr field experiment was conducted in Boone, IA, to determine how composted swine manure affected selected soil characteristics and nutrient uptake, growth, and seed production of corn and three weed species (giant foxtail, velvetleaf, and common waterhemp) grown in mixture with corn. Two soil management systems, designed to provide equivalent amounts of N to corn, were compared: one that received composted manure and an average of 118 kg N ha(-1) as synthetic fertilizer and another that received no composted manure and an average of 143 kg N ha-1 as synthetic fertilizer. Soil organic matter, P, K, and early-season NO3-N levels were greater in the (+) compost system. The N concentration of velvetleaf shoots, the P concentration of giant foxtail and common waterhemp shoots, and the K concentration of shoots of all three weed species also were greater in the (+) compost system. Compost application consistently increased common waterhemp height, common waterhemp biomass, and velvetleaf height, but increased velvetleaf biomass in only 1 yr and had no effect on giant foxtail height or biomass. Measurements of weed seed production, conducted in the final year of the study, showed that compost increased velvetleaf and common waterhemp seed production but had no effect on giant foxtail seed production. Compost consistently increased corn height and leaf K concentration but generally had no effect on corn yield. Results of this study indicate that large differences can exist among crop and weed species in their response to soil amendments. Depending on the weed species present, use of composted swine manure may increase requirements for weed management in corn production systems. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr 3222, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liebman, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, 3405 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mliebman@iastate.edu RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 365 EP 375 DI 10.1614/WS-03-094R PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 821MJ UT WOS:000221464600008 ER PT J AU Santos, BM Dusky, JA Stall, WM Bewick, TA Shilling, DG Gilreath, JP AF Santos, BM Dusky, JA Stall, WM Bewick, TA Shilling, DG Gilreath, JP TI Phosphorus absorption in lettuce, smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus), and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) mixtures SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE interference competition; nutrient uptake; hydroponics; replacement series ID LACTUCA-SATIVA; COMPETITION; FERTILIZATION; FERTILITY; SPINOSUS; TOMATO; WHEAT; CROPS AB Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the influence of phosphorus (P) concentrations on the growth of lettuce, smooth pigweed, and common purslane in monocultures and in mixtures and to determine the P-absorption rate of each species over time. For the P-competition studies, lettuce-smooth pigweed and lettuce-common purslane mixtures were established in P-less hydroponic solutions. Each lettuce-weed mixture was established separately. Concentrations of P were 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg L-1. Lettuce to weed planting proportions were 2:0, 0:2, and 1:1. In the mixtures, biomass of common purslane increased sharply between 10 and 20. mg P L-1, depressing lettuce growth. No biomass changes were observed in smooth pigweed as P concentration increased. However, both weeds increased their P content within this range, depriving lettuce of this nutrient. Common purslane competed for P for its own growth, whereas smooth pigweed absorbed P luxuriously. For the. P-absorption studies, roots of lettuce, smooth pigweed, and common purslane plants were submersed in a 20 mg P L-1 solution for 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 180, 360, 720, and 1,440 min. Common purslane was shown to be the most aggressive species for the nutrient, absorbing 50% of the content in 295 min, whereas lettuce and smooth pigweed needed 766 and 825 min to absorb 10 mg P L-1. C1 Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, CSREES, PAS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Florida, Mid Floride Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Santos, BM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, 5007 60th St E, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA. EM bmsantos@yahoo.com NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.1614/WS-03-053R PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 821MJ UT WOS:000221464600011 ER PT J AU Bailey, BA O'Neill, NR Anderson, JD AF Bailey, BA O'Neill, NR Anderson, JD TI Influence of adjuvants on disease development by Pleospora papaveracea on opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological control; mycoherbicide; morphine; heroin ID UNREFINED CORN-OIL; DENDRYPHION-PENICILLATUM; MYCOHERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; ALTERNARIA-CASSIAE; GERMINATION; PATHOGENS; AGENTS AB Adjuvant effects on disease severity caused by the bioherbicide P papaveracea on opium poppy were evaluated. Tween 20, Tween 80, Triton X-100, Tactic, CelGard, and Keltrol inhibited appressorium formation but not conidial germination on detached leaves. The disease severity varied from 11 to 83% necrosis in field experiments involving eight adjuvants at various concentrations plus 1 x 10(6) conidia ml(-1) or minus pathogen. The three best-performing adjuvants when combined with pathogen, Tactic (1%, v/v), Bond (1%, v/v), and Tween 20 (1%, v/v), were included along with Tween 20 (0.001%, v/v) in field experiments in 1998. Tween 20 (1%, v/v) plus pathogen (1 x 10(6) conidia ml(-1)) caused the most severe disease, averaging 68% necrosis within 2 wk of treatment. Overall, plots treated with adjuvant plus P papaveracea bad a 22% reduction in capsule weight per plot as compared to plots treated with the adjuvant alone. Tactic (1%, v/v), Silwet-L77 (0.1%, v/v), Tween 20 (1%, v/v), and Tween 20 (0.001%, v/v) were included in field experiments in 1999. The treatment with Tween 20 (1%, v/v) plus pathogen (2 x 10(6) conidia ml(-1)) caused severe disease, averaging 56% necrosis within 2 wk of treatment. In 1999 plots treated with adjuvant plus pathogen averaged a 27% reduction in capsule weight as compared with plots treated with the adjuvants alone. The inclusion of Tween 20 (1%, v/v) with P papaveracea conidia greatly enhanced efficacy on opium poppy. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab,PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab,PSI, Room 342,Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM baileyb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 424 EP 432 DI 10.1614/WS-03-017R1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 821MJ UT WOS:000221464600016 ER PT J AU Skulman, BW Mattice, JD Cain, MD Gbur, EE AF Skulman, BW Mattice, JD Cain, MD Gbur, EE TI Evidence for allelopathic interference of Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) to loblolly and shortleaf pine regeneration SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; germination; Lonicera japonica; Pinus taeda; Pinus echinata; interference AB Japanese honeysuckle presents a serious problem to the economically attractive natural regeneration of loblolly and shortleaf pine. This research investigated the potential allelopathic interference mechanisms of Japanese honeysuckle in relation to pine regeneration and growth, which may provide insight into overcoming this problem. The allelopathic potential of root exudates and leaf litter from Japanese honeysuckle was tested against loblolly and shortleaf pine seedlings. When Japanese honeysuckle and loblolly pine seedlings were grown using the same irrigation reservoir, there was no significant effect on the growth of either pine species. Exudates of Japanese honeysuckle grown as a pure culture in donor cups also produced no growth effects on pure-cultured pine seedlings grown in acceptor cups. In other assays, aqueous extracts of Japanese honeysuckle leaf tissue were toxic to duckweeds at concentrations well below levels where plasmolysis might cause effects. When Japanese honeysuckle leaf tissue was added to soil at a rate of 2 g tissue 100 g(-1) soil, mean seedling height at 128 d after planting was reduced by as much as 40%. Moreover, pine seedlings grown in the presence of Japanese honeysuckle tissue exhibited significant chlorosis of the shoot and needles. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analyses and high-performance liquid chromatography of Japanese honeysuckle leaf tissue aqueous extracts confirmed the presence of five compounds previously identified as possible allelochemicals: 4-hydroxycinnamic acid; 2-hydroxycinnamic acid; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid; and chlorogenic acid. Results indicate that allelopathy plays at least a partial role in Japanese honeysuckle interference with loblolly and shortleaf pine. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. Univ Arkansas, Agr Stat Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Skulman, BW (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, 1366 W Altheimer Dr, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM bskulman@uark.edu NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 23 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1614/WS-03-030R PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 821MJ UT WOS:000221464600017 ER PT J AU Hoagland, RE Norsworthy, JK Carey, F Talbert, RE AF Hoagland, RE Norsworthy, JK Carey, F Talbert, RE TI Metabolically based resistance to the herbicide propanil in Echinochloa species SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aryl acylamidase; chlorophyll fluorescence; herbicide interaction; herbicide metabolism; photosystem II; weed resistance ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; CRUS-GALLI CONTROL; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ARYL ACYLAMIDASE; JUNGLE-RICE; ATRAZINE RESISTANCE; RAPID DETECTION; BARNYARDGRASS; COLONA; 3',4'-DICHLOROPROPIONANILIDE AB Propanil is an acylanilide herbicide introduced in the early 1960s to control dicotyledonous weeds and grasses, including Echinochloa species in cultivated rice. Since then, propanil has been used extensively in rice production in the United States and in several other countries. Propanil is an inhibitor of photosystem 11, but rice is tolerant to propanil because of the presence of a high level of aryl acylamidase that catalytically degrades the compound to nonphytotoxic products, i.e., 3,4-dichloroaniline and propionic acid. About 10 yr ago, biotypes of barnyardgrass and junglerice were discovered to be resistant to propanil. The resistance mechanism of these two biotypes has been shown to be elevated levels of aryl acylamidase activity. Various strategies to combat propanil resistance and to more fully understand the biochemistry involved in this resistance have been investigated. These include studies on the interactions of herbicides and other chemicals with propanil, rotation of rice with other crops (consequently the use of other herbicide modes of action), and use of alternative herbicides in rice. Certain compounds, including some organophosphate insecticides, are potent inhibitors of aryl acylamidase, which can act as synergists with propanil to increase phytotoxicity. Another compound that lacks insecticidal or herbicidal activity, PPG-124, has been commercialized as a herbicide synergist for propanil. These chemical and biochemical interactions and other factors involved in propanil-resistant Echinochloa weeds are presented and discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Poole Agr Ctr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Valent USA Corp, Germantown, TN 38139 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Hoagland, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 81 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 475 EP 486 DI 10.1614/WS-03-039R PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 821MJ UT WOS:000221464600023 ER PT J AU Minocha, R Long, S AF Minocha, R Long, S TI Simultaneous separation and quantitation of amino acids and polyamines of forest tree tissues and cell cultures within a single high-performance liquid chromatography run using dansyl derivatization SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE derivatization; LC; amino acids; Dns derivatives; polyamines; amines; putrescine; spermidine; spermine ID DERIVATIVES; PLANT AB The objective of the present study was to develop a rapid HPLC method for simultaneous separation and quantitation of dansylated amino acids and common polyamines in the same matrix for analyzing forest tree tissues and cell cultures. The major modifications incorporated into this method as compared to previously published HPLC methods for separation of only dansyl amino acids include: use of a 10 cm column to reduce the total run time by approximately 15 min; modification of the dansyl derivatization process and gradient profile to elute amino acids and common polyamines within the same run; addition of steps for column cleaning within each run; shorter re-equilibration time; and finally, column cleaning and physically reversing the column at the end of a loop of samples. These changes improved peak resolution and increased column longevity by several-fold. Over 1000 foliar samples from mature forest trees could be analyzed with the same column as compared to only 200-250 samples before the incorporation of these changes. This method eluted 22 amino acids within 40 min plus all three common polyamines between 44 and 47 min. The total run time is 53.6 min for amino acids only and 55.6 min for both amino acids and polyamines. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Minocha, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 640,271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM rminocha@hopper.unh.edu NR 19 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 1035 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.026 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 811SE UT WOS:000220790800009 PM 15117075 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW AF Lingafelter, SW TI New species of Stizocera (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) from Bolivia SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE longhorned beetles; descriptions; Buena Vista; Cerambycidae; Bolivia; Stizocera; Elaphidiini; new species; Santa Cruz AB Two species of Stizocera ( Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Elaphidiini) are described from Buena Vista, Ichilo Province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia: Stizocera delicata, new species and Stizocera ichilo, new species. Comparison of diagnostic features with the similar species Stizocera longicollis Zajciw, Stizocera rugicollis Guerin-Meneville, and Stizocera nigroapicalis Fuchs is presented. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM slingafe@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 30 PY 2004 IS 498 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 869CB UT WOS:000224959200001 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Shelver, WL Li, QX AF Kim, HJ Shelver, WL Li, QX TI Monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the insecticide imidacloprid SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE ELISA; KinExA; immunoassay; neonicotinoid insecticide; imidacloprid ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; DIODE-ARRAY DETECTION; METABOLITE 6-CHLORONICOTINIC ACID; APHID MYZUS-PERSICAE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES; LOOP-D; AGONIST; AFFINITY AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine using monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Three MAbs, designated as E6A6, E6F3 and H7F7, were raised from mice immunized with an imidacloprid hapten-ovalbumin conjugate. These MAbs performed similarly in indirect competition ELISA (icELISA), so one, E6F3. was selected for detailed study. The equilibrium constants (K-d) and association and dissociation rate constants (k(on), k(off)) for five neonicotinoids and one imidacloprid metabolite to E6F3 were determined by kinetic exclusion fluoroimmunoassay (KinExA). Affinities (1/K-d) of E6F3 for acetamiprid and clothianidin were similar, but 50-fold weaker than that of imidacloprid. MAb E6F3 had no measurable affinity for the other neonicotinoids. The icELISA can tolerate up to 15% (v/v) acetone or 20% (v/v) methanol. Assay sensitivity was similar at pH 4-9, 1-10-fold concentration of PBS with or without 0.05% Tween 20, and incubation times of 30-180 min. The half-maximal inhibition and the limit of detection were approximately 0.8 and 0.1 mug/l of imidacloprid in icELISA, and 0.3 and 0.03 mug/l in direct competition ELISA (dcELISA), respectively. Analysis of imidacloprid-fortified water and cucumber samples by the icELISA showed average recoveries from 70 to 120%. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Li, QX (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM qing1@hawaii.edu NR 46 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 29 PY 2004 VL 509 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2003.12.006 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 806MW UT WOS:000220439000015 ER PT J AU Small, RL Cronn, RC Wendel, JF AF Small, RL Cronn, RC Wendel, JF TI Use of nuclear genes for phylogeny reconstruction in plants SO AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Review ID ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE GENES; BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON GOSSYPIUM; LEGUMINOSAE POLYPLOID COMPLEX; MOLECULAR POPULATION-GENETICS; TRANSCRIBED SPACER SEQUENCES; GRASS FAMILY POACEAE; RIBOSOMAL DNA; CHLOROPLAST-DNA; ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY AB Molecular data have had a profound impact on the field of plant systematics, and the application of DNA-sequence data to phylogenetic problems is now routine. The majority of data used in plant molecular phylogenetic studies derives from chloroplast DNA and nuclear rDNA, while the use of low-copy nuclear genes has not been widely adopted. This is due, at least in part, to the greater difficulty of isolating and characterising low-copy nuclear genes relative to chloroplast and rDNA sequences that are readily amplified with universal primers. The higher level of sequence variation characteristic of low-copy nuclear genes, however, often compensates for the experimental effort required to obtain them. In this review, we briefly discuss the strengths and limitations of chloroplast and rDNA sequences, and then focus our attention on the use of low-copy nuclear sequences. Advantages of low-copy nuclear sequences include a higher rate of evolution than for organellar sequences, the potential to accumulate datasets from multiple unlinked loci, and bi-parental inheritance. Challenges intrinsic to the use of low-copy nuclear sequences include distinguishing orthologous loci from divergent paralogous loci in the same gene family, being mindful of the complications arising from concerted evolution or recombination among paralogous sequences, and the presence of intraspecific, intrapopulational and intraindividual polymorphism. Finally, we provide a detailed protocol for the isolation, characterisation and use of low-copy nuclear sequences for phylogenetic studies. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Bot, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Small, RL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Bot, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM rsmall@utk.edu NR 186 TC 248 Z9 253 U1 2 U2 63 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1030-1887 J9 AUST SYST BOT JI Aust. Syst. Bot. PD APR 29 PY 2004 VL 17 IS 2 BP 145 EP 170 DI 10.1071/SB03015 PG 26 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 816DY UT WOS:000221091800001 ER PT J AU DiCarlo, DA AF DiCarlo, DA TI Experimental measurements of saturation overshoot on infiltration SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gravity-driven fingers; infiltration; nonmonoticity; preferential flow; saturation overshoot; wetting front instability ID GRAVITY-DRIVEN FINGERS; MONOTONIC CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; WETTING FRONT INSTABILITY; HYSTERETIC EQUATIONS; STABILITY ANALYSIS; RICHARDS EQUATION; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; WATER-MOVEMENT; FLOW AB [1] Gravity-driven fingers in uniform porous medium are known to have a distinctive nonmonotonic saturation profile, with saturated ( or nearly so) tips and much less saturation in the tails. In this work, constant-flux infiltrations into confined porous media ( laterally smaller than the finger diameter, thus essentially one-dimensional) are found to produce saturation overshoot identical to that found in gravity-driven fingers. Light transmission is used to measure the saturation profiles as a function of infiltrating flux, porous media grain size, grain sphericity, and initial water saturation. Saturation overshoot is found to cease below a certain minimum infiltrating flux. This minimum flux depends greatly on the grain sphericity and initial water content of the media and slightly on the mean grain size. The observed saturation overshoot is inconsistent with a continuum description of porous media but qualitatively matches well observations and predictions from discrete pore-filling mechanisms. This suggests that pore-scale physics controls saturation overshoot and in turn gravity-driven fingering. C1 ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP DiCarlo, DA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM ddicarlo@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 29 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 AR W04215 DI 10.1029/2003WR002670 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 819PO UT WOS:000221327300003 ER PT J AU Xu, L Price, NPJ AF Xu, L Price, NPJ TI Stereoselective synthesis of chirally deuterated (S)-D-(6-(2) H-1)glucose SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chirally deuterated glucose; Alpine-Borane((R)); 9-[(6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)methyl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan e; NMR spectroscopy; mass spectrometry ID HYDROXYMETHYL GROUP; SUGARS; STEREOCHEMISTRY; CONFORMATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; DERIVATIVES; GALACTOSE; GLUCOSE; BOND; NMR AB Chirally deliterated (S)-D-(6-H-2(1))glucose has been prepared in good overall yield from D-(6,6'-H-2(2))glucose by a short, five-step synthesis from D-(6,6-H-2(2))glucose utilizing (R)-(+)-Alpine-Borane(R) [(R)-9-[(6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)methyl]-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane]. Suitably protected methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-D-(6,6-H-2(2))glucopyranoside was prepared and the deuterated O-6 primary alcohol was oxidized to an aldehyde by Swern oxidation. Stereoselective reduction with nondeuterated (R)-(+)-Alpine-Borane(R) gave methyl 2.3,4-tri-O-benzyl-(6S)-D-(6-H-2(1))glticopyraiioside, which was deprotected under standard conditions to afford the title compound. The key stereoselective reduction step was achieved in 90% yield. The preparation uses economical,, commercially available starting materials and will be useful for elucidating biosynthetic mechanisms. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Price, NPJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM pricen@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD APR 28 PY 2004 VL 339 IS 6 BP 1173 EP 1178 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2004.02.010 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 813VI UT WOS:000220934200020 PM 15063207 ER PT J AU Kim, YK Kitaoka, M Hayashi, K Kim, CH Cote, GL AF Kim, YK Kitaoka, M Hayashi, K Kim, CH Cote, GL TI Purification and characterization of an intracellular cycloalternan-degrading enzyme from Bacillus sp NRRL B-21195 SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cycloalternan; cycloalternan-degrading enzyme; CADE; cycloalternan isomaltosylhydrolase; Bacillus sp NRRL B-21195 ID ARTHROBACTER-GLOBIFORMIS T6; CYCLIC TETRASACCHARIDE; GLOBISPORUS C-11; D-GLUCOSE; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; ALTERNANASE; STARCH; GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; GLUCANOTRANSFERASE; ISOMALTODEXTRANASE AB A novel intracellular cycloalternan-degrading enzyme (CADE) was purified to homogeneity from the cell pellet of Bacillus sp. NRRL B-21195. The enzyme has a molecular mass of 125 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The pH optimum was 7.0. and the enzyme was stable from pH 6.0 to 9.2. The temperature optimum was 35degreesC and the enzyme exhibited stability up to 50degreesC. The enzyme hydrolyzed cycloalternan [CA; cyclo{--> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 --> 3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(-->3)alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->}] as the best substrate. to produce only isomaltose via an intermediate, alpha-isomaltosyl-(l --> 3)-isomaltose. This enzyme also hydrolyzed isomaltosyl substrates. such as panose, alpha-isomaltosyl-(1-->4)-maltooligosaccharides, alpha-isomaltosyl-(1-->3)-glucose, and alpha-isomaltosyl-(1 --> 3)-isomaltose to liberate isomaltose. Neither maltooligosaccharides nor isomaltooligosaccharides were hydrolyzed by the enzyme, indicating that CADE requires alpha-isomaltosyl residues connected with (1-->4)- or (1-->3)-linkages. The K-m value of cycloalternan (1.68 mM) was 20% of that of panose (8.23 mM). The k(cat) value on panose (14.4 s(-1)) was not significantly different from that of cycloalternan (10.8s(-1)). Judging from its specificity, the systematic name of the enzyme should be cycloalternan isomaltosylhydrolase. This intracellular enzyme is apparently involved in the metabolism of starch via cycloalternan in Bacillus sp. NRRL B-21195. its role being to hydrolyze cycloalternan inside the cells. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Food Res Inst, Enzyme Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. Dongguk Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Kyungju 780714, Kyungbunk, South Korea. Minist Sci & Technol Korea, Natl Res Lab Glycobiol, Kyungbuk 780714, South Korea. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Natl Food Res Inst, Enzyme Lab, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM mkitaoka@nfri.affrc.go.jp NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD APR 28 PY 2004 VL 339 IS 6 BP 1179 EP 1184 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2004.02.008 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 813VI UT WOS:000220934200021 PM 15063208 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Dawson-Hughes, B Willett, WC Staehelin, HB Bazemore, MG Zee, RY Wong, JB AF Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Dawson-Hughes, B Willett, WC Staehelin, HB Bazemore, MG Zee, RY Wong, JB TI Effect of vitamin D on falls - A meta-analysis SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; D SUPPLEMENTATION; ELDERLY-WOMEN; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; HIP FRACTURE; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH-CARE; COMMUNITY; POPULATION AB Context Falls among elderly individuals occur frequently, increase with age, and lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. The role of vitamin D in preventing falls among elderly people has not been well established. Objective To assess the effectiveness of vitamin D in preventing an older person from failing. Data Sources MEDLINE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register from January 1960 to February 2004, EMBASE from January 1991 to February 2004, clinical experts, bibliographies, and abstracts, Search terms included trial terms: randomized-controlled trial or controlled-clinical trial or random-allocation or double-blind method, or single-blind method or uncontrolled-trials with vitamin D terms: cholecalciferol or hydroxycholecalciferols or calcifediol or dihydroxycholecalciferols or calcitriol or vitamin D/aa[analogs & derivates] or ergocalciferol or vitamin D/bl[blood]; and with accidental falls or falls, and humans. Study Selection We included only double-blind randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D in elderly populations (mean age, 60 years) that examined falls resulting from low trauma for which the method of fall ascertainment and definition of falls were defined explicitly. Studies including patients in unstable health states were excluded. Five of 38 identified studies were included in the primary analysis and 5 other studies were included in a sensitivity analysis. Data Extraction Independent extraction by 3 authors using predefined data fields including study quality indicators. Data Synthesis Based on 5 RCTs involving 1237 participants, vitamin D reduced the corrected odds ratio (OR) of falling by 22% (corrected OR, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-0.92) compared with patients receiving calcium or placebo. From the pooled risk difference, the number needed to treat (NNT) was 15 (95% Cl, 8-53), or equivalently 15 patients would need to be treated with vitamin D to prevent 1 person from failing. The inclusion of 5 additional studies, involving 10001 participants, in a sensitivity analysis resulted in a smaller but still significant effect size (corrected RR, 0.87; 95% Cl, 0.80-0.96). Subgroup analyses suggested that the effect size was independent of calcium supplementation, type of vitamin D, duration of therapy, and sex, but reduced sample sizes made the results statistically nonsignificant for calcium supplementation, cholecalciferol, and among men. Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation appears to reduce the risk of falls among ambulatory or institutionalized older individuals with stable health by more than 20%. Further studies examining the effect of alternative types of vitamin D and their doses, the role of calcium supplementation, and effects in men should be considered. C1 Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Div Aging, Boston, MA 02120 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Sch Med, Robert B Brigham Arthrit & Musculoskeletal Dis Cl, Div Rheumatol Immunol & Allergy, Boston, MA 02120 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Sch Med, Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Prevent, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02120 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02138 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Clin Decis Making, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Basel Hosp, Dept Geriatr, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Div Aging, 1620 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02120 USA. EM hbischof@hsph.harvard.edu NR 36 TC 712 Z9 753 U1 8 U2 60 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 28 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 16 BP 1999 EP 2006 DI 10.1001/jama.291.16.1999 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 815SM UT WOS:000221062000032 PM 15113819 ER PT J AU Tague, C Grant, GE AF Tague, C Grant, GE TI A geological framework for interpreting the low-flow regimes of Cascade streams, Willamette River Basin, Oregon SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE geologic framework; low flow; Oregon Cascades; recession analysis ID SPRING-DOMINATED STREAMS; WESTERN CASCADES; SMALL WATERSHEDS; HYDROGRAPHS; RANGE; DISCHARGE; AQUIFERS; ROADS AB [1] In ungauged basins, predicting streamflows is a major challenge for hydrologists and water managers, with approaches needed to systematically generalize hydrometric properties from limited stream gauge data. Here we illustrate how a geologic/geomorphic framework can provide a basis for describing summer base flow and recession behavior at multiple scales for tributaries of the Willamette River in Oregon. We classified the basin into High Cascade and Western Cascade provinces based on the age of the underlying volcanic bedrock. Using long-term U. S. Geological Survey stream gauge records, we show that summer streamflow volumes, recession characteristics, and timing of response to winter recharge are all linearly related to the percent of High Cascade geology in the contributing area. This analysis illustrates how geology exerts a dominant control on flow regimes in this region and suggests that a geological framework provides a useful basis for interpreting and extrapolating hydrologic behavior. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Tague, C (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM ctague@mail.sdsu.edu NR 26 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 28 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 AR W04303 DI 10.1029/2003WR002629 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 819PN UT WOS:000221327200002 ER PT J AU Schmidt-Rohr, K Mao, JD Olk, DC AF Schmidt-Rohr, K Mao, JD Olk, DC TI Nitrogen-bonded aromatics in soil organic matter and their implications for a yield decline in intensive rice cropping SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; C-13; SPECTROSCOPY; ACCUMULATION; ACIDS AB Previous research has shown that long-term intensive cropping of irrigated lowland rice has led to significant grain-yield declines in field trials. The yield decline was attributed to decreased availability of soil nitrogen, which is held mostly in the soil organic matter. By advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we have detected significant amounts of amide nitrogen directly bonded to aromatic rings in a humic acid fraction extracted from a continually submerged, triple-cropped rice soil. Because nitrogen bonded to aromatics is not readily plant-available, this observation can explain the yield decline. Quantitative C-13 NMR combined with advanced spectral editing showed that this humic acid is rich in lignin derivatives (>45% of all carbon), whereas the corresponding humic acid fraction extracted from an aerobic, single-cropped rice soil contains less lignin and less nitrogen bonded to aromatics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM srohr@iastate.edu NR 18 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 34 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 27 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 17 BP 6351 EP 6354 DI 10.1073/pnas.0401349101 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 816KD UT WOS:000221107900007 PM 15096605 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Wiedenmayer, AA Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA AF Evans, JJ Wiedenmayer, AA Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA TI Survival of Streptococcus agalactiae from frozen fish following natural and experimental infections SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus agalactiae; frozen fish; infection ID INIAE AB We evaluated the survival of Streptococcus agalactiae from naturally infected wild mullet (Liza klunzingeri) and experimentally infected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) frozen at -20 and -70 degreesC, respectively, for an extended period of time. The brain, eye, head kidney, and intestine of individually frozen wild mullet (N=22), culture positive for S. agalactiae from fresh tissues following an S. agalactiae epizootic in Kuwait Bay in 2001, were re-sampled after 9 months. Nares, eye, head kidney and intestines, not previously sampled, were also evaluated. Tilapia were inoculated with either 5.6 x 10(2) colony forming units CFU/fish or 4.5 x 1 06 CFU/fish and S. agalactiae survival assessed from frozen tissues after 7, 14, 30, or 190 days. S. agalactiae was recovered from nare, brain, eye, and head kidney of 100% of the frozen mullet after 9 months post-freezing. The nare, brain, and head kidney of 100% of the experimentally infected tilapia were culture positive at 7, 14, 30, and 180 days post-freezing. The use of frozen fish may prove to be a useful alternative to fresh fish for recovering pathogenic streptococci in instances when fresh fish diagnostic analysis are unavailable or impractical. Furthermore, archived frozen fish can be used for retrospective microbiological analyses of streptococcal infection from multiple or different tissues not originally sampled. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 151 Dixon Dr, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM jevans@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 26 PY 2004 VL 233 IS 1-4 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.09.024 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812BT UT WOS:000220815700002 ER PT J AU Mischke, CC Zimba, PV AF Mischke, CC Zimba, PV TI Plankton community responses in earthen channel catfish nursery ponds under various fertilization regimes SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; fry culture; pond fertilization; zooplankton; nutrients ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; ZOOPLANKTON; FRY AB We evaluated fertilizer effects on phytoplankton and zooplankton concentrations in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus nursery ponds. In 200 1, three ponds were not fertilized and three ponds were fertilized with inorganic (8.4 kg/ha N, 2.0 kg/ha P followed by twice a week applications at half the initial rate) and organic fertilizer (224 kg/ha cottonseed meal followed by once a week applications of 28 kg/ha) for 4 weeks. Total P and soluble reactive P (SRP) were significantly higher in fertilized ponds (P<0.05), however no differences in algal populations resulted. Of the zooplankton, only copepod nauplii were higher in fertilized ponds. In 2002, 26 ponds were used. Sixteen ponds were newly constructed; 10 ponds were old (>10 years). Within each age group, treatments of no fertilizer (controls), organic fertilizer only, inorganic fertilizer only, or both organic and inorganic fertilizers were used for 3 weeks. In 2002, the same P but higher N rates were used (20.2 kg/ha N followed by twice a week at half rate). Several differences occurred among treatments (P<0.05). Both total P and total N were significantly higher in ponds fertilized with inorganic fertilizer and both inorganic and organic fertilizers than in control ponds and organically fertilized ponds. Also, total P, total N, SRP, and nitrite were all significantly higher in old ponds than in new ponds. All phytopigment concentrations were also higher in old ponds than in new ponds. Chlorophyll a (total algal biomass), lutein (green algal biomass), and fucoxanthin (diatom biomass) were significantly higher in ponds fertilized with inorganic fertilizer or both inorganic and organic fertilizers than in control or organically fertilized ponds. Old ponds contained significantly more rotifers, copepod adults, and ostracods than new ponds. Rotifer and ostracod concentrations were not different among fertilizer treatments. Copepods adults and nauplii were significantly increased in ponds fertilized with both organic and inorganic fertilizers than in organically fertilized ponds. Cladocerans were significantly higher in inorganically fertilized ponds than in all others. Results indicated little benefit of organic fertilizer addition at the rates used. Also, ponds appear to be more N limited than P limited. Old ponds are more fertile than new ponds. Applying only inorganic fertilizer at an initial rate of similar to20 kg/ha N and 2 kg/ha P, followed by subsequent applications of half the initial rate for 3-4 weeks increased zooplankton concentrations desirable for fry with larger mouth gapes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mischke, CC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM cmischke@drec.msstate.edu RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013; OI Mischke, Charles/0000-0002-3934-9571 NR 25 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 26 PY 2004 VL 233 IS 1-4 BP 219 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.09.044 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812BT UT WOS:000220815700018 ER PT J AU Davis, KB Griffin, BR AF Davis, KB Griffin, BR TI Physiological responses of hybrid striped bass under sedation by several anesthetics SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE physiological response; hybrid striped bass; sedation ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHANNEL-CATFISH; CLOVE OIL; RAINBOW-TROUT; PLASMA-CORTISOL; TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; STRESS RESPONSES; ATLANTIC SALMON AB Several aquatic anesthetics, in doses low enough not to change the swimming behavior, alone and in combination with NaCl, were evaluated for their effectiveness to suppress the stress response in sunshine bass (Morone chrysops X Morone saxatilis). Clove oil, Aqui-S-(R), metomidate, MS-222, quinaldine, and quinaldine sulfate were used alone or combined with 5 g/l NaCl. The stress response was evaluated by measuring plasma cortisol, glucose and chloride concentrations in fish after exposure to each of the compounds and after exposure in fish subjected to stress while exposed to each of the compounds. Stress was induced by lowering the water in the aquarium for 15 min. Exposure to all of the compounds, except metomidate, resulted in a significant increase in plasma cortisol and glucose. The cortisol increase induced by exposure to NaCl alone was transient, but NaCl did not reduce the response due to stress. The same pattern of response occurred when the anesthetics were given with NaCl. Only exposure to quinaldine resulted in an increased glucose concentration and plasma glucose was higher than controls in stressed fish exposed to clove oil and quinaldine sulfate. Metomidate may have promise in suppressing the stress response in hybrid striped bass; however, the only approved anesthetic for use in food fish is MS-222. Exposure of fish to MS-222 induced the stress response and did not suppress the magnitude of the stress response in fish exposed to low-water stress. These data point out the importance of continuing to develop and approve compounds for use in aquaculture. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Davis, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM kbdavis@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 26 PY 2004 VL 233 IS 1-4 BP 531 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.09.018 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812BT UT WOS:000220815700037 ER PT J AU Yu, JJ Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Yu, JJ Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE TI Completed sequence of aflatoxin pathway gene cluster in Aspergillus parasiticus SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gene cluster; pathway evolution; aflatoxin; mycotoxin; secondary metabolite; Aspergillus flavus ID P-450 MONOOXYGENASE; VERSICOLORIN-A; BIOSYNTHESIS; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; EXPRESSION; CONVERSION; CLONING; MYCOTOXINS; NIDULANS; NOR-1 AB An 82-kb Aspergillus parasiticus genomic DNA region representing the completed sequence of the well-organized aflatoxin pathway gene cluster has been sequenced and annotated. In addition to the 19 reported and characterized aflatoxin pathway genes and the four sugar utilization genes in this cluster, we report here the identification of six newly identified genes which are putatively involved in aflatoxin formation. The function of these genes, the cluster organization and its significance in gene expression are discussed. (C) 2004 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Yu, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jiuyu@srre.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 97 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2004 VL 564 IS 1-2 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00327-8 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 815GY UT WOS:000221032000021 PM 15094053 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Zhao, L Youn, HS Weatherill, AR Tapping, R Feng, LL Lee, WH Fitzgerald, KA Hwang, DH AF Lee, JY Zhao, L Youn, HS Weatherill, AR Tapping, R Feng, LL Lee, WH Fitzgerald, KA Hwang, DH TI Saturated fatty acid activates but polyunsaturated fatty acid inhibits Toll-like receptor 2 dimerized with Toll-like receptor 6 or 1 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; MYD88-DEPENDENT SIGNALING PATHWAY; MITOGEN-INDUCIBLE CYCLOOXYGENASE; PHOSPHOLIPID OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; MICROBIAL LIPOPROTEINS; OXIDIZED PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; CELL ACTIVATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CUTTING EDGE AB Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 agonists from bacterial origin require acylated saturated fatty acids in their molecules. Previously, we reported that TLR4 activation is reciprocally modulated by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in macrophages. However, it is not known whether fatty acids can modulate the activation of TLR2 or other TLRs for which respective ligands do not require acylated fatty acids. A saturated fatty acid, lauric acid, induced NFkappaB activation when TLR2 was co-transfected with TLR1 or TLR6 in 293T cells, but not when TLR1, 2, 3, 5, 6, or 9 was transfected individually. An n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) suppressed NFkappaB activation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression induced by the agonist for TLR2, 3, 4, 5, or 9 in a macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). Because dimerization is considered one of the potential mechanisms for the activation of TLR2 and TLR4, we determined whether the fatty acids modulate the dimerization. However, neither lauric acid nor DHA affected the heterodimerization of TLR2 with TLR6 as well as the homodimerization of TLR4 as determined by co-immunoprecipitation assays in 293T cells in which these TLRs were transiently overexpressed. Together, these results demonstrate that lauric acid activates TLR2 dimers as well as TLR4 for which respective bacterial agonists require acylated fatty acids, whereas DHA inhibits the activation of all TLRs tested. Thus, responsiveness of different cell types and tissues to saturated fatty acids would depend on the expression of TLR4 or TLR2 with either TLR1 or TLR6. These results also suggest that inflammatory responses induced by the activation of TLRs can be differentially modulated by types of dietary fatty acids. C1 ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Dhwang@whnrc.usda.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA75613]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK41868] NR 55 TC 248 Z9 255 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 23 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 17 BP 16971 EP 16979 DI 10.1074/jbc.M312990200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 812WU UT WOS:000220870400012 PM 14966134 ER PT J AU Coleman, ME Marks, HM Golden, NJ Latimer, HK AF Coleman, ME Marks, HM Golden, NJ Latimer, HK TI Discerning strain effects in microbial dose-response data SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2003 CL Fairborn, OH ID QUANTITATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI 81-176; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CELLS; ENTERITIDIS; INVASION; MODELS; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE AB In order to estimate the risk or probability of adverse events in risk assessment, it is necessary to identify the important variables that contribute to the risk and provide descriptions of distributions of these variables for well-defined populations. One component of modeling dose response that can create uncertainty is the inherent genetic variability among pathogenic bacteria. For many microbial risk assessments, the "default" assumption used for dose response does not account for strain or serotype variability in pathogenicity and virulence, other than perhaps, recognizing the existence of avirulent strains. However, an examination of data sets from human clinical trials in which Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter jejuni strains were administered reveals significant strain differences. This article discusses the evidence for strain variability and concludes that more biologically based alternatives are necessary to replace the default assumptions commonly used in microbial risk assessment, specifically regarding strain variability. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Direct & Econ Assessment Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Coleman, ME (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD APR 23 PY 2004 VL 67 IS 8-10 BP 667 EP 685 DI 10.1080/15287390490428134 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 814CI UT WOS:000220952400006 PM 15192861 ER PT J AU Fontes, JC Pereira, LS Smith, RE AF Fontes, JC Pereira, LS Smith, RE TI Runoff and erosion in volcanic soils of Azores: simulation with OPUS SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE azores; andosols; land use; rainfall-runoff; erosion; detentrinistic modeling ID HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; ALLOPHANE; MODEL AB The islands of Azores are of very recent volcanic origin and their soils have special physical and chemical characteristics because of the specific circumstances of their formation from the volcanic materials, their young age and the presence of allophane. To assess and understand the hydrologic behavior of these soils under agricultural practices, the deterministic model OPUS was tested and calibrated using field data collected from 1996 to 1998 in two small basins of Terceira Island. The model uses a solution of the Richards' equation to simulate water movement in the soil profile, which requires modified Brooks and Corey equations to describe the soil hydraulic characteristics. For runoff, the model uses either a mechanistic simulation with the Parlange and Smith infiltration equation or the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Curve Number (CN) approach. In the first, a mechanistic detachment and transport model is used to simulate erosion, and for the second the modified universal soil loss equation (MUSLE) is utilized. Results of the model simulations for runoff and erosion match the observed data well. Runoff significantly increased from 1% to 17% of rainfall from pasture to bare soil or partially covered soil during establishment of a new pasture. Sediment yields sharply increased from < 5 kg ha(-1) year(-1) under pasture to nearly 15 ton ha(-1) during the 8-month period when the soil was unprotected. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Agron, Agr Engn Res Ctr, Lisbon, Portugal. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Azores, P-9700 Angra do Heroismo, Portugal. RP Pereira, LS (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Agron, Agr Engn Res Ctr, Lisbon, Portugal. EM jfontes@notes.angra.uac.pt; lspereira@isa.utl.pt; sroger@engr.colostate.edu RI Santos Pereira, Luis/F-8799-2010 OI Santos Pereira, Luis/0000-0003-4425-3408 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD APR 21 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 1-3 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.catena.20003.10.011 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 807FP UT WOS:000220487700014 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Smith, DJ AF Shelver, WL Smith, DJ TI Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay development for the beta-adrenergic agonist zilpaterol SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antibody; analysis; ELISA; assay; beta-agonist; growth promoter ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ILLEGAL USE; RACTOPAMINE; URINE; IMMUNOASSAY; RESIDUES; CATTLE AB Zilpaterol is an beta-adrenergic agonist approved for use in cattle in South Africa and Mexico as a growth promoter. It is not currently approved for use in the EU, USA, or Asia. Here, we report the development of an ELISA for zilpaterol. Zilpaterol was reacted with ethyl 4-bromobutyrate followed by refluxing in 0.1 M potassium hydroxide. The resulting hapten was reacted with two carrier proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) as an activating agent. Immunization of goats with the zilpaterol-butyrate-KLH resulted in an antibody useful for an ELISA. We utilized zilpaterol-butyrate-BSA as a coating antigen for ELISA development. The average IC50 derived from the developed zilpaterol immunoassay was 3.94 +/- 0.48 ng/mL (n = 25). The antibody did not cross react with N-alkyl [bamethane, clenbuterol, (-)-isoproterenol, (+)-isoproterenol, metaproterenol, or salbutamol] or N-arylalkyl (dobutamine, fenoterol, isoxsuprine, ractopamine, or salmeterol) beta-agonists. The assay was tolerant of up to 10% (v/v) of acetone, ethanol, or methanol, and 15% (v/v) of acetonitrile or DMSO. Salt concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 M minimally affected B-0 or IC50 values. When buffer pH was <7 or >8.8, the IC50 values increased in comparison to those measured at pH 7.4. In conclusion, a sensitive, specific zilpaterol ELISA has been developed that can serve as a rapid screening assay. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM shelverw@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 21 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2159 EP 2166 DI 10.1021/jf049919i PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 812YN UT WOS:000220874900005 PM 15080615 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Hodges, DM Meyer, RD Munro, KD AF Lester, GE Hodges, DM Meyer, RD Munro, KD TI Pre-extraction preparation (fresh, frozen, freeze-dried, or acetone powdered) and long-term storage of fruit and vegetable tissues: Effects on antioxidant enzyme activity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chenopodiaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Cucumis melo L. inodorus group); ascorbate peroxidase; catalase; dehydroascorbate reductase; glutathione reductase; guaiacol peroxidase; monodehydroascorbate reductase; superoxide dismutase ID POSTHARVEST; SENESCENCE; SPINACH; LEAVES; ETHYLENE; OXYGEN AB Activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, guaiacol peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and superoxide dismutase were assayed in honeydew (Cucumis melo L.) fruit and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves either as fresh, frozen to -80 degreesC, frozen in liquid nitrogen, freeze-dried, or acetone powder, representing the various ways tissues are treated prior to enzyme extraction. Treated tissues were analyzed following treatment or stored for up to 8 weeks at -80 degreesC. Enzyme activities in fruit frozen with or without liquid nitrogen and leaves frozen with or without liquid nitrogen or freeze-dried were equal to those of fresh tissue. Enzyme activities in freeze-dried or acetone-powdered fruit and leaves and in acetone-powdered tissues were significantly higher or lower than those in fresh tissue. Enzyme activities in both tissues frozen with or without liquid nitrogen and stored for 8 weeks at -80 degreesC changed little; those in freeze-dried and acetone-powdered tissues, however, significantly increased/decreased over the same period. Fresh tissue should be used in antioxidant enzyme assays, but if storage is necessary, tissues should be placed directly into a -80 degreesC freezer. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 200,2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM glester@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 21 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2167 EP 2173 DI 10.1021/jf030713b PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 812YN UT WOS:000220874900006 PM 15080616 ER PT J AU Hile, AG Shan, ZX Zhang, SZ Block, E AF Hile, AG Shan, ZX Zhang, SZ Block, E TI Aversion of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to garlic oil treated granules: Garlic oil as an avian repellent. Garlic oil analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE garlic oil; Allium sativum; European starlings; Sturnus vulgaris; avian repellents; NMR methods ID ALLIUM-SATIVUM; LAYING HENS; IDENTIFICATION; CHEMISTRY AB European starlings significantly reduced their consumption of a food mixture that was 50% food-grade garlic oil (GO)-impregnated granules, even after overnight food deprivation, as demonstrated by "one-choice" ("no-choice") tests. Food consumption during 3 h following overnight food deprivation was reduced by 61-65% compared to controls. By testing the same subjects with 25, 10, and 1 mixtures of granules in feed, it was shown that commercial GO granules were repellent to birds in lower concentrations, with more than a 50% decrease in feeding for birds presented with a 10% mixture of commercial GO granules in food and a 17% decrease for the 1% treatment. Products containing GO show considerable promise as inexpensive, environmentally benign, nonlethal bird repellents. In comparing various GO preparations used in this work, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic methods prove to be particularly useful for rapid quantitation of major and minor components without requiring fractionation or isolation procedures, which could adversely effect the less stable components. C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Chem, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Hile, AG (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Monell Chem Senses Ctr, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM ahile@monell.org; eb801@albany.edu RI Block, Eric/D-3989-2014 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 21 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2192 EP 2196 DI 10.1021/jf035181d PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 812YN UT WOS:000220874900009 PM 15080619 ER PT J AU Eller, FJ Taylor, SL AF Eller, FJ Taylor, SL TI Pressurized fluids for extraction of cedarwood oil from Juniperus virginianna SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; cedarwood oil; cedrene; cedrol; dehydration; Juniperus virginiana; pressurized fluid extraction; water ID UNITED-STATES; BARK SAPWOOD; HEARTWOOD; LEAVES; PH AB The extraction of cedarwood oil (CWO) using liquid carbon dioxide (LC-CO2) was investigated and compared to supercritical fluid extraction, including the effects of extraction pressure and length of extraction. The chemical composition of the extracts was monitored over the course of the extraction as well. The cumulative yields of CWO from cedarwood chips using 80 L of carbon dioxide varied very little treatment to treatment, with all temperature/pressure combinations yielding between 3.55 and 3.88% CWO, and the cumulative yields were statistically equivalent. The rate of extraction was highest under the supercritical extraction conditions (i.e., 100 degreesC and 6000 psi). Under the liquid CO2 conditions (i.e., 25 degreesC), the extraction rates did not vary significantly with extraction pressure. However, there were differences in the chemical composition of the collected CWO. Extractions at 100 degreesC gave a much lower ratio of cedrol/cedrene than extractions at 25 degreesC. The highest ratio of cedrol/ cedrene was obtained using 25 degreesC and 1500 psi. The use of subcritical water was also investigated for the extraction of CWO as well. Although some CWO was extracted using this method, the temperature/pressure combinations that gave the highest weight percentage yields also gave oils with an off odor while those combinations that gave a higher quality oil had very low yields. It appears that the high temperatures and acidic conditions cause a dehydration of the tertiary alcohol, cedrol, to its hydrocarbon analogue, cedrene, during CO2 or pressurized water extractions of cedarwood. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ELLERFJ@NCAUR.USDA.GOV NR 20 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 21 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2335 EP 2338 DI 10.1021/jf030783i PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 812YN UT WOS:000220874900032 PM 15080642 ER PT J AU Baker, JT AF Baker, JT TI Yield responses of Southern US rice cultivars to CO2 and temperature SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric carbon dioxide; Oryza sativa; climate change ID INCREASING CARBON-DIOXIDE; ORYZA-SATIVA-L; ELEVATED CO2; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STERILITY AB Previous studies on the effects and interactions of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and air temperatures have shown large differences in growth and yield responses among Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Far less attention has been focused on rice cultivars commonly grown in the Southern US. This 2-year study was conducted to determine the effects of [CO2] and air temperature on four Southern US rice cultivars. In 2000, 'Cocodrie', 'Cypress', and 'Jefferson' were grown season-long in five outdoor, naturally sunlit, controlled-environment chambers in constant day-night air temperature regimes of 24, 28, 32, 36, and 40 degreesC under an elevated [CO2] of 700 mumol mol(-1). In 2000, an additional chamber containing all three cultivars was maintained at 28 degreesC and an ambient [CO2] treatment of 350 mumol mol(-1). In 2002, a more detailed study examining both main crop (MC) and ratoon crop (RC) yields was conducted with the rice cultivar 'Lamont' in these same chambers with day-night air temperature treatments of 19/15, 23/19, 27/23, 31/27, and 35/31 degreesC under an elevated [CO2]of 700 mumol mol(-1). In 2002, an additional chamber was maintained at 27/23 degreesC and an ambient [CO2] treatment of 350 mumol mol(-1). In the 2000 experiment, all the plants of all three cultivars in the 40 degreesC treatment died during early vegetative growth. In the constant 36 degreesC air temperature treatment, all three cultivars survived to produce particles but failed to produce any seed yield. At the 28 degreesC temperature treatment, CO2 enrichment increased grain yield by 46-71% among the three cultivars with the cultivar Cypress being the most responsive to CO2 enrichment. In the 2002 experiment with the cultivar Lamont, plants in the 35/31 and 19/15 degreesC treatments survived to produce panicles but failed to produce any seed yield. In the 27/23 degreesC treatment, CO2 enrichment resulted in a non-significant increase in seed yield for the MC but more than doubled RC yields. Comparisons of these results with findings from prior studies on Asian indica and japonica cultivars indicate that these Southern US rice cultivars may be more sensitive to high temperature stresses during reproductive development than previously studied Asian cultivars. These results also point to the possibility of selecting or breeding rice cultivars with enhanced capability to take advantage of future global increases in [CO2]. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RP Baker, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, 302 West I-20, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. EM jtbaker@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI 国友, 张/G-3930-2010 NR 33 TC 64 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 20 PY 2004 VL 122 IS 3-4 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.09.012 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 808CN UT WOS:000220547300001 ER PT J AU Dhingra, A Portis, AR Daniell, H AF Dhingra, A Portis, AR Daniell, H TI Enhanced translation of a chloroplast-expressed RbcS gene restores small subunit levels and photosynthesis in nuclear RbcS antisense plants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE RUBISCO; TOBACCO CHLOROPLASTS; PLASTID GENOME; PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS; GROWTH; PSBA; FORM; TRANSFORMATION; MODULATION AB Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is a key enzyme that converts atmospheric carbon to food and supports life on this planet. Its low catalytic activity and specificity for oxygen leads to photorespiration, severely limiting photosynthesis and crop productivity. Consequently, Rubisco is a primary target for genetic engineering. Separate localization of the genes in the nuclear and chloroplast genomes and a complex assembly process resulting in a very low catalytic activity of hybrid Rubisco enzymes have rendered several earlier attempts of Rubisco engineering unsuccessful. Here we demonstrate that the RbcS gene, when integrated at a transcriptionally active spacer region of the chloroplast genome, in a nuclear RbcS antisense line and expressed under the regulation of heterologous (gene 10) or native (psbA) UTRs, results in the assembly of a functional holoenzyme and normal plant growth under ambient CO2 conditions, fully shortcircuiting nuclear control of gene regulation. There was approximate to150-fold more RbcS transcript in chloroplast transgenic lines when compared with the nuclear RbcS antisense line, whereas the wild type has 7-fold more transcript. The small subunit protein levels in the gene 10/RbcS and psbA/RbcS plants were 60% and 106%, respectively, of the wild type. Photosynthesis of gene 10/RbcS plants was approximately double that of the antisense plants, whereas that of psbA/RbcS plants was restored almost completely to the wild-type rates. These results have opened an avenue for using chloroplast engineering for the evaluation of foreign Rubisco genes in planta that eventually can result in achieving efficient photosynthesis and increased crop productivity. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USDA, ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci & Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Daniell, H (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd,Bldg 20,Room 336, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM daniell@mail.ucf.edu RI Dhingra, Amit/E-7369-2010; OI Daniell, Henry/0000-0003-4485-1176 NR 36 TC 99 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 20 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 16 BP 6315 EP 6320 DI 10.1073/pnas.0400981101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 814ME UT WOS:000220978000113 PM 15067115 ER PT J AU Albaugh, TJ Allen, HL Dougherty, PM Johnsen, KH AF Albaugh, TJ Allen, HL Dougherty, PM Johnsen, KH TI Long term growth responses of loblolly pine to optimal nutrient and water resource availability SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Southern Sivlicultural Research Conference on Long-Term Production Dynamics of Lablolly Pine Stands in the Southern United States CY MAR 19, 2001 CL Knoxville, TN DE nutrients; irrigation; stand productivity; long term responses; loblolly pine ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; SLASH PINE; STANDS; TAEDA; TREE; PRODUCTIVITY; EFFICIENCY; BALANCE; RADIATA AB A factorial combination of four treatments (control (CW), optimal growing season water availability (IW), optimum nutrient availability (FW), and combined optimum water and nutrient availability (FIW)) in four replications were initiated in an 8-year-old Pinus taeda stand growing on a droughty, nutrient-poor, sandy site in Scotland County, NC and maintained for 9 years. Results for the first 4 years after treatment initiation at this study were first reported by Albaugh et al. [For. Sci. 44 (1998) 317]. The site is primarily nutrient limited and all measured stand parameters (height, basal area, leaf area index, live crown length, stem mass accumulation, current annual stem mass increment) were increased with fertilization throughout the study period. Irrigation effects were also positive for these parameters but the increases were much smaller than those found with fertilization. For example, 9 years after treatment initiation, standing stem mass was increased 100 and 25% by fertilization and irrigation, respectively, while current annual increment of stem biomass production was increased 119 and 23% by fertilization and irrigation, respectively. Interestingly, stem density (stems ha(-1)) was not significantly affected by treatment in any year of the study. Growth efficiency (stem mass increment per unit leaf area index) was 1.9 Mg ha(-1) per year per LAI for CW and influenced by treatment with IW, FW, and FIW achieving growth efficiencies of 2.4, 2.7 and 2.9 Mg ha(-1) per year per LAI, respectively. Growth efficiency appeared to be relatively stable in the last 4 years of the study. Ring specific gravity was measured in the third, fourth, and fifth years after treatment initiation. An average reduction in ring specific gravity of 7.5% was observed with fertilization while irrigation had little effect on specific gravity in any year measured. The continuation of high growth rates with no observable growth decline in the treated stands throughout the 9-year study may be a function of the age of the stands when treatments were initiated (8 years), the very poor initial nutrient and moisture availability, and/or the application of an ongoing optimum nutrient regime at the site. The fertilized plots are now at or near an age and a size when a commercial harvest would be feasible. For the stand conditions at this site, then, the optimum nutrient availability plots have achieved high productivity throughout the economic life of the stand without measurable declines in stand productivity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. MeadWestvaco Corp, Forest Sci Lab, Summerville, SC 29484 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Albaugh, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim_albaugh@ncsu.edu; lee_allen@ncsu.edu; pmdough@meadwestvaco.com; kjohnsen@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 145 Z9 154 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 19 PY 2004 VL 192 IS 1 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.002 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 812RI UT WOS:000220856200002 ER PT J AU Borders, BE Will, RE Markewitz, D Clark, A Hendrick, R Teskey, RO Zhang, Y AF Borders, BE Will, RE Markewitz, D Clark, A Hendrick, R Teskey, RO Zhang, Y TI Effect of complete competition control and annual fertilization on stem growth and canopy relations for a chronosequence of loblolly pine plantations in the lower coastal plain of Georgia SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Southern Sivlicultural Research Conference on Long-Term Production Dynamics of Lablolly Pine Stands in the Southern United States CY MAR 19, 2001 CL Knoxville, TN DE loblolly pine; Pinus taeda; current annual increment; growth efficiency; basal area; leaf area index ID LEAF-AREA; WEED-CONTROL; SLASH PINE; EFFICIENCY; TAEDA; STANDS; AGE; ALLOCATION; FORESTS; DECLINE AB Stem growth, developmental patterns and canopy relations were measured in a chronosequence of intensively managed loblolly pine stands. The study was located on two distinct sites in the lower coastal plain of Georgia, USA and contained a factorial arrangement of complete control of interspecific competition (W) and annual nitrogen fertilization (F). The W treatment increased growth rate for several years, while the F treatments led to sustained growth increases. The combination of the W and F treatments resulted in more than 180 Mg ha(-1) stem biomass production at age 15 which is more than double the production of control treatment. Stem biomass production is continuing to increase through age 15 as indicated by the current annual increment in stem biomass continuing to exceed the mean annual increment in stem biomass. The F treatment decreased wood quality by decreasing whole tree latewood specific gravity from 0.565 to 0.535 and by lengthening the transition from juvenile to mature wood from 4 to 5 years. Increased rates of stem growth in response to cultural treatments were largely mediated by increased leaf area, with strong functional relationships between leaf area index and current annual increment. However, growth efficiency (stem production per unit of leaf area) decreased with stand age. These results indicate that nutrient amendments are necessary for sustaining high rates of stand development on relatively nutrient poor lower coastal plain soils. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Borders, BE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, 528 Forest Res, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM borders@smokey.forestry.uga.edu RI Will, Rodney/G-8111-2011 NR 29 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 19 PY 2004 VL 192 IS 1 BP 21 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.003 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 812RI UT WOS:000220856200003 ER PT J AU Samuelson, LJ Johnsen, K Stokes, T AF Samuelson, LJ Johnsen, K Stokes, T TI Production, allocation, and stemwood growth efficiency of Pinus taeda L. stands in response to 6 years of intensive management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Southern Sivlicultural Research Conference on Long-Term Production Dynamics of Lablolly Pine Stands in the Southern United States CY MAR 19, 2001 CL Knoxville, TN DE loblolly pine; fertilization; irrigation; current annual increment ID AGE-RELATED DECLINE; FINE-ROOT BIOMASS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; DYNAMICS; SOIL; FERTILIZATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTATIONS; RESPIRATION AB Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is a highly plastic species with respect to growth responses to forest management. Loblolly pine is the most planted species across the southern United States, a region with the most expansive and intensively managed forest plantations in the world. Management intensity, using tools such as site preparation and fertilization, is increasing greatly in scope over time. To better define to the productive potential of loblolly pine under intensive management, the influence of 6 years of management with weed control (W), weed control plus irrigation (WI), weed control plus irrigation and fertigation (irrigation with a fertilizer solution) (WIF), or weed control plus irrigation, fertigation, and pest control (WIFP) since plantation establishment on stand productivity in loblolly pine was examined. The site is located near Bainbridge, GA (30degrees48'N latitude and 84degrees39'W longitude) and is of medium quality (site index = 18 m, base age 25). Increasing management intensity greatly accelerated stand development and biomass accumulation. At age 6 total production (above plus belowground) was nearly doubled from 50 to 93 Mg ha(-1) in WIFP stands compared to W stands, and standing stem biomass increased from 24 Mg ha(-1) in W stands to 48 Mg ha(-1) in response to WIFP treatment. Stem current annual increment (CAI) peaked at age 5 in the WIF and WIFP stands at 17-18 Mg ha(-1) per year at a basal area between 18 and 21 m(2) ha(-1). Year to year variation in CAI was better explained by previous-year leaf area index (LAI) than current-year LAI. Maximum stemwood production in loblolly pine was achieved through large increases in LAI and small decreases in allocation to woody roots (tap + coarse roots) versus woody shoots (stem + branches) associated with intensive treatments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Samuelson, LJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 224 M White Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM samuelj@auburn.edu NR 34 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 19 PY 2004 VL 192 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.005 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 812RI UT WOS:000220856200005 ER PT J AU Sayer, MAS Goelz, JCG Chambers, JL Tang, Z Dean, TJ Haywood, JD Leduc, DJ AF Sayer, MAS Goelz, JCG Chambers, JL Tang, Z Dean, TJ Haywood, JD Leduc, DJ TI Long-term trends in loblolly pine productivity and stand characteristics in response to thinning and fertilization in the West Gulf region SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Southern Sivlicultural Research Conference on Long-Term Production Dynamics of Lablolly Pine Stands in the Southern United States CY MAR 19, 2001 CL Knoxville, TN DE density-related mortality; growth efficiency; Louisiana; nitrogen; projected leaf area index; phosphorus ID LEAF-AREA; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WEED-CONTROL; SLASH PINE; GROWTH; TREES; EFFICIENCY; NUTRITION AB Two levels each of thinning and fertilization were applied to a 7-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation on a nitrogen- and phosphorus-deficient West Gulf Coastal Plain site in Louisiana. Levels of thinning were no thinning, or thinning applied 7 and 14 years after stand initiation. Levels of fertilization were no fertilization or broadcast fertilization with diammonium phosphate at age 7 years plus refertilization with urea, monocalcium phosphate, and potash at age 14 years. Longterm measurements of climate, stand development and productivity, projected leaf area index, and foliar nutrition were initiated at age 11 years. We found that by age 17 years, thinning increased mean live-crown length from 4.2 to 7.8 m, and mean tree diameter from 15.0 to 21.8 cm compared to the unthinned treatment. After rethinning at age 14 years, stand basal area increased 1.2 and 19.2% between ages 15 and 17 years on the unthinned and thinned plots, respectively. Refertilization at age 14 years reestablished foliar N, P and K sufficiency, which increased leaf area index from 4.2 to 6.0 m(2) m(-2) on the unthinned plots and from 3.2 to 3.8 m(2) m(-2) on the thinned plots, and subsequently, increased gross stand biomass from 114 to 141 Mg ha(-1) on the unthinned plots and from 78 to 95 Mg ha(-1) on the thinned plots by age 17 years. Leaf area was an important factor controlling loblolly pine productivity. At our study site, however, competition for light and water and nutrition-limited foliage growth influenced the variability and scope of this relationship. Our results suggest that a positive and linear relationship between leaf area and loblolly pine productivity does not universally occur on loblolly pine sites. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Sayer, MAS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM msword@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 19 PY 2004 VL 192 IS 1 BP 71 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.006 PG 26 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 812RI UT WOS:000220856200006 ER PT J AU Chauhan, KR Zhang, QH Aldrich, JR AF Chauhan, KR Zhang, QH Aldrich, JR TI Iridodials: enantiospecific synthesis and stereochemical assignment of the pheromone for the golden-eyed lacewing, Chrysopa oculata SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE irododials; nepetalactone; lacewing ID DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; ARTHROPODS AB 1R,2S,5R,8R: 1R,2S,5R,8S: 1S,2S,5R,8R; and 1S,2S,5R,8S-Iridodials have been prepared in live steps froin 4aS,7S,7aR and 4aS,7S,7aS-nepetalactones. major components of catnip oil. 1R,2S,5R,8R-Iridodial has been identified as a male-produced male-aggregation pheromone for Chrysopa oculata. the first pheromone of any kind identified for lacewings. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chauhan, KR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, B-007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chauhank@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD APR 19 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 17 BP 3339 EP 3340 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.03.034 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 813WL UT WOS:000220937100001 ER PT J AU Adlof, RO AF Adlof, RO TI Separation of conjugated linoleic acid methyl esters by silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography in semi-preparative mode SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE linoleic acid; fatty acid methyl esters ID POSITIONAL ISOMERS; FATTY-ACIDS; LIPIDS; COLUMN; CIS; BONDS AB Silver-ion HPLC (Ag-HPLC) has been utilized to separate a variety of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by configuration, location or number of olefinic or acetylenic bonds. Two analytical Ag-HPLC columns connected in series and an isocratic solvent system of acetonitrile (ACN) in hexane were used to fractionate 10-15 mg samples of a mixture of two deuterium-labeled isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (Z9,E11- and Z9,Z11-octadecadienoic acid-17,17,18,18-d(4)). "Baseline" (>95%) resolution of the two isomers, which decreased with increasing weights of sample injected. was maintained by careful adjustment of the percentage of ACN in the ACN/hexane solvent system. Chemical purities of the isolated FAME were >96%. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, NCAUR, Food Qual & Safety Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Adlof, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCAUR, Food Qual & Safety Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM adlofro@ncaur.usda.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 18 PY 2004 VL 1033 IS 2 BP 369 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.01.001 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 805XL UT WOS:000220398900022 PM 15088760 ER PT J AU Kajinami, K Brousseau, ME Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Kajinami, K Brousseau, ME Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ TI Polymorphisms in the multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) gene influence the response to atorvastatin treatment in a gender-specific manner SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID P-GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION AB To test the hypothesis that variations in the multidrug resistance-1 gene influence the response to statin treatment, 2 prevalent polymorphisms (G2677T/A and C3435T) were examined in 344 hypercholesterolemic patients treated with atorvastatin (10 mg). The C3435T polymorphism was significantly, and independently associated with a smaller reduction in lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and with a larger increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, relative to variant allele carriers, in a gender-specific manner. Also, haplotype determination combined with these polymorphisms identified a subgroup that showed a striking response to treatment, which was not defined by a single polymorphism. (C) 2004 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Lipid Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kajinami, K (reprint author), Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. EM kajinami@kanazawa-med.ac.jp OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 18 TC 80 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1046 EP 1050 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.01.014 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 812ZH UT WOS:000220876900022 PM 15081455 ER PT J AU Baek, KH Skinner, DZ AF Baek, Kwang-Hyun Skinner, Daniel Z. TI Quantitative real-time PCR method to detect changes in specific transcript and total RNA amounts SO ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold treatment; quantitative real-time PCR; total RNA; wheat ID GENE-EXPRESSION; WHEAT; MICROARRAY AB Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), used in conjunction with reverse transcriptase, has been applied to the determination of the number of copies of a transcript per unit mass of RNA, but did not indicate any change in the amount of total RNA per mass of tissue. In the present work, we described a simple method to use qRT-PCR to estimate the change in the amount of total RNA per unit mass of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tissue in response to cold temperature. Three qRT-PCR templates, i.e. control, cold-exposed, and one of RNA extracted from a sample consisting of equal masses of control and cold-exposed tissue, were analyzed. The number of copies of target transcript per unit mass of RNA was estimated from the three samples using standard qRT-PCR techniques. Equations describing the number of copies of the target sequence in each of the tissue samples were solved simultaneously to describe the relative proportion of the target sequence that originated from each tissue sample in the mixture, thereby providing an estimate of relative amounts of total RNA in the two tissues. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 210 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kwanghyunbaek@wsu.edu; dzs@wsu.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CATOLICA DE VALPARAISO PI VALPARAISO PA AV BRASIL 2950, PO BOX 4059, VALPARAISO, CHILE SN 0717-3458 J9 ELECTRON J BIOTECHN JI Electron. J. Biotechnol. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V43RJ UT WOS:000202951900007 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Aguilar, G Wang, CY Buta, GJ AF Gonzalez-Aguilar, G Wang, CY Buta, GJ TI UV-C irradiation reduces breakdown and chilling injury of peaches during cold storage SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE UV-C irradiation; decay; chilling injury; polyamines ID INDUCED RESISTANCE; ULTRAVIOLET-IRRADIATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL TREATMENT; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; TABLE GRAPES; DECAY; ACCUMULATION; APPLES; FRUITS AB Pre-storage exposure of peaches (Prunus persica cv Jefferson) with UV-C irradiation for 3, 5 or 10 min significantly reduced chilling injury after 14 and 21 days of storage at 5degreesC plus 7 days of shelf-life at 20degreesC. Similar reduction in fungal decay was also found by these treatments. Skin browning and UV damage were found to be moderate to severe in peaches after the 15 or 20 min of UV-C treatments. The 20 min of exposure accelerated deterioration. Fruit treated with UV-C for 3, 5 or 10 min remained firmer and softened more slowly than the control and those treated with longer durations of exposure. No differences were found in weight loss or respiration rates among the treatments. However, ethylene production was stimulated by all of the UV-C treatments compared with the control. Putrescine levels increased initially after 3 or 5 min of exposure to UV-C. A tendency toward higher accumulation of spermidine and spermine was found in peaches after UV exposure. These higher levels of polyamines apparently are a response to the UV-C irradiation and might be beneficial in increasing the resistance of fruit tissue to deterioration and chilling injury. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 CIAD AC, Direcc Tecnol Alimentos Origen Vegetal, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gonzalez-Aguilar, G (reprint author), CIAD AC, Direcc Tecnol Alimentos Origen Vegetal, Carretera Victoria Km 0-6, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. EM gustavo@cascabel.ciad.mx NR 35 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 5 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1675 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 803NY UT WOS:000220239000006 ER PT J AU Che, YS Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Che, YS Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT TI Curvicollides A-C: New polyketide-derived lactones from a sclerotium-colonizing isolate of Podospora curvicolla (NRRL 25778) SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SCLEROTIA; FUNGICOLOUS PENICILLIUM; HUMICOLA-FUSCOATRA; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLITES; ASSIGNMENT; DECIPIENS; ACID AB [GRAPHICS] 1 R=CH2OH R'=H 2 R=CH3 R'= OH 3 R=CH3 R'= H Curvicollides A-C (1-3) have been obtained from cultures of an isolate of Podospora curvicolla (NRRL 25778) that colonized a sclerotium of Aspergillus flavus. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by analysis of one- and two-dimensional NMR data. The lead compound (1) showed antifungal activity against A. flavus and Fusarium verticillioides. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Wicklow, DT (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu RI Che, Yongsheng/D-9840-2017 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1249 EP 1252 DI 10.1021/ol0498186 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 810MT UT WOS:000220709100016 PM 15070309 ER PT J AU Dargatz, DA Dewell, GA Mortimer, RG AF Dargatz, DA Dewell, GA Mortimer, RG TI Calving and calving management of beef cows and heifers on cow-calf operations in the United States SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; beef; calving; calving management; dystocia ID POSTNATAL MORTALITY; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PELVIC AREA; DYSTOCIA; CATTLE; REPRODUCTION; HERDS; SIRE AB A national sample of cow-calf producers was contacted to participate in a study to describe selected calving management practices on operations throughout the United States. Information was gathered on calving season, frequency of dystocia, frequency of observation, timing of assistance, and calving facilities. Regional and herd size differences existed in all parameters evaluated. Most calves (63.9%) were born in the months of February, March, and April. Overall, 16.7% of heifers and 2.7% of cows required some level of assistance in calving. Heifers and cows were checked an average of only 3.6 and 2.5 times per 24 h period during the calving season. Producers allowed heifers to labor for an average of 2.8 h prior to lending assistance in calving while cows were allowed an average of 3.5 h before providing assistance. In addition, only 39.6% of calvings took place in specialized calving areas presumably to allow increased observation frequency, timely intervention and protection from the elements. Collectively, these management practices illustrate that opportunities exist to improve calf survivability and increase reproductive efficiency in many cow herds. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dargatz, DA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mailstop 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM David.A.Dargatz@aphis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 997 EP 1007 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(03)00145-6 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 800EC UT WOS:000220010700002 PM 15036990 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ Tchack, L Angelo, G Pratt, RE Sonna, LA AF Wood, RJ Tchack, L Angelo, G Pratt, RE Sonna, LA TI DNA microarray analysis of vitamin D-induced gene expression in a human colon carcinoma cell line SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE high-density oligonucleotide arrays; calcitriol; Caco-2 cells ID CACO-2 CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CALCIUM-TRANSPORT; INVITRO MODEL; CANCER-CELLS; D-RECEPTOR; D ANALOGS AB The full extent to which 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 affects gene expression in human intestinal epithelial cells is unknown. We used oligonucleotide arrays to catalog vitamin D-induced changes in gene expression in Caco-2 cells, a human colon carcinoma cell line. Five paired sets of Caco-2 cell cultures were subjected to either control conditions or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (10(-7) mol/l X 24 h), and RNA was analyzed on an Affymetrix cDNA array containing 12,625 human sequences. Only 13 sequences representing 12 distinct genes exhibited statistically significant changes in expression of twofold or greater and were also called as "present" or "marginal" by the array-reading software in all five experiments. Genes regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D included two previously known genes (25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase and amphiregulin) and 10 genes (sorcin, Gem, adaptin-gamma, TIG1, CEACAM(6), carbonic anhydrase XII, junB, ceruloplasmin, and two unidentified sequences) that were novel. We tested and independently confirmed the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on 11 of these genes by RT-PCR. Increased protein expression was tested and confirmed in two of the novel 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-regulated genes, ceruloplasmin and sorcin. The known function of these genes suggests that many of them could be involved in the antiproliferative effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA HNRCA, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Gene Array Technol Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA HNRCA, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM richard.wood@tufts.edu NR 48 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD APR 13 PY 2004 VL 17 IS 2 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00002.2003 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 829YR UT WOS:000222088800006 PM 14996990 ER PT J AU Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ AF Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ TI Phytochemical inhibition of aflatoxigenicity in Aspergillus flavus by constituents of walnut (Juglans regia) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus spp.; walnuts; Juglans regia; Juglans hindsii; Juglans nigra; hydrolyzable tannins; gallic acid; ellagic acid ID POLYPHENOLS VEGETABLE TANNINS; GALLIC ACID; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; PLANT POLYPHENOLS; HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; TANNASE; FUNGI; ELLAGITANNIN AB Tulare walnut, a cultivar highly resistant to aflatoxin formation, was investigated for endogenous phytochemical constituents capable of inhibiting aflatoxigenesis in Aspergillus flavus. The activity, located entirely in the pellicle (seed coat), was extractable to various degrees with polar solvents, although some activity remained unextractable, indicating that the bioactivity resided in a complex of hydrolyzable tannins. These tannins can be hydrolyzed by a fungal tannase present in A. flavus, yielding gallic acid and ellagic acid, testing of which showed that only gallic acid had potent inhibitory activity toward aflatoxin biosynthesis. Comparison of the gallic and ellagic acid content in the pellicle of Tulare and Chico cultivars, over the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons, showed that the gallic acid content increased rapidly with maturation of the nut and was 1.5-2 times higher in Tulare than in Chico. Gallic acid content in the pellicle at maturity of a series of commercial English walnut cultivars, and two black walnut species, was determined as an indicator of potential for inhibition of aflatoxigenesis. Regulation of gallic acid levels in the hydrolyzable tannins of walnuts by conventional breeding or genetic manipulation has the potential to provide new cultivars with high resistance to aflatoxigenesis. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM molyneux@pw.usda.gov NR 39 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1882 EP 1889 DI 10.1021/jf030812p PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 809KZ UT WOS:000220636900015 PM 15053524 ER PT J AU Loyo-Rosales, JE Rosales-Rivera, GC Lynch, AM Rice, CP Torrents, A AF Loyo-Rosales, JE Rosales-Rivera, GC Lynch, AM Rice, CP Torrents, A TI Migration of nonylphenol from plastic containers to water and a milk surrogate SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nonylphenol; bottled water; migration; plastic; LC/MS/MS; HDPE; PET; PVC ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PET BOTTLES; ETHOXYLATES; FOODS AB Nonylphenol (NP) is used as an antioxidant and plasticizer in some plastic products. After the discovery of its endocrine-disrupting potential, concern over human exposure to this chemical has increased. Recently, a group in Germany estimated the average daily intake of NP from food (7.5 mug/day), excluding water. In the present study, NP, octylphenol (OP), and their respective ethoxylates (1-5) were measured in spring water bottled in three different types of plastic (HDPE, PET, and PVC). NP was present in water from HDPE and PVC containers, at 180 and 300 ng/L respectively, which represent 4.8% and 8% of the value calculated by the German group assuming a consumption of 2 L of water per day. OP was found in water from HDPE extracts in lower amounts, 12 ng/L, and neither the NP- nor the OP-ethoxylates were detected in any of the samples. Attempts to measure these compounds in tap water were unsuccessful, probably because reaction with residual chlorine results in the formation of chlorinated byproducts. Migration of NP from HDPE containers to a milk surrogate was also evaluated; results indicate that the amounts of NP leaching into milk might be similar to those in bottled water. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, FES Zaragoza, Area Quim, Mexico City 09239, DF, Mexico. NW High Sch, Dept Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Torrents, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM alba@eng.umd.edu NR 17 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 7 BP 2016 EP 2020 DI 10.1021/jf0345696 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 809KZ UT WOS:000220636900036 PM 15053545 ER PT J AU Kozukue, N Han, JS Lee, KR Friedman, M AF Kozukue, N Han, JS Lee, KR Friedman, M TI Dehydrotomatine and alpha-tomatine content in tomato fruits and vegetative plant tissues SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha-tomatine; dehydrotomatine; biosynthesis; degradation; tomato; HPLC ID PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; DRIED TOMATO; GLYCOALKALOID TOMATINE; POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; CHOLESTEROL; HPLC; ACID; QUANTIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS; CHACONINE AB Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) synthesize the glycoalkaloids dehydrotomatine and a-tomatine, possibly as a defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects. We used a high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection at 208 nm for the analysis of these compounds in various tissues. An Inertsil ODS-2 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/20 mM KH2PO1 (24/76, v/v) afforded good separation of the two glycoalkaloids in mini-tomato extracts, fruit harvested at different stages of maturity, and calyxes, flowers, leaves, roots, and stems. The two peaks appeared at similar to17 and similar to21 min. Recoveries from tomato fruit extracts spiked with dehydrotomatine and a-tomatine were 87.7 +/- 6.8 and 89.8 +/- 3.4% (n = 5), respectively. The detection limit is estimated to be 0.39 mug for dehydrotomatine and 0.94 mug for alpha-tomatine. The dehydrotomatine and a-tomatine content of tomatoes varied from 42 to 1498 and 521 to 16 285 mug/g of fresh weight, respectively. The ratio of a-tomatine to dehydrotomatine ranged from 10.9 to 12.5 in tomatoes and from 2.3 to 7.8 in the other plant tissues. These results suggest that the biosynthesis of the glycoalkaloids is under separate genetic control in each plant part. Degradation of both glycoalkaloids occurred at approximately the same rate during maturation of the tomatoes on the vine. An Inertsil NH2 column, with acetonitrile/1 mM KH2PO4 (96/4, v/v) as the eluent, enabled the fractionation of commercial tomatidine into tomatidenol and tomatidine, the aglycons of dehydrotomatine and a-tomatine, respectively. The information should be useful for evaluating tomatoes and vegetative tissues for dehydrotomatine/alpha-tomatine content during fruit development and their respective roles in host-plant resistance and the diet. C1 Yeungnam Univ, Coll Human Ecol & Kinesiol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Yeungnam Univ, Coll Human Ecol & Kinesiol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. EM mffied@pw.usda.gov NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 7 BP 2079 EP 2083 DI 10.1021/jf0306845 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 809KZ UT WOS:000220636900046 PM 15053555 ER PT J AU Lamboy, WF Moreno-Hagelsieb, G AF Lamboy, WF Moreno-Hagelsieb, G TI A new method of solution for the occupancy problem and its application to operon size prediction SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE directon; operon; occupancy problem; transcription unit; urn model AB The problem of estimating the expected number of transcription units containing a specific number of genes arises in the context of operon size prediction in prokaryotic genomes, where operons are defined to be transcription units containing two or more genes. It turns out that this problem is identical mathematically to the balls in urns occupancy problem in probability theory. In that problem, a fixed number of indistinguishable balls are randomly placed in a known number of distinguishable urns, subject to the restriction that no urns may remain empty, and an estimate is desired for the expected number of urns containing a specific number of balls. In this paper we present a new simple technique for solving the occupancy problem when empty urns are allowed and extend it to the case when each urn must contain the same non-zero minimum number of balls. Treating transcription units as equivalent to urns, and genes as equivalent to balls, we then use that result to solve the problem of estimating the expected number of transcription units that contain a specific number of genes, and then apply that result to predicting the expected number of transcription units present in an entire genome. Since these predictions can be made for any completely sequenced and annotated prokaryotic genome, they provide a starting point for the comparison of regulatory complexity across such genomes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Cornell Univ, Cornell theory Ctr, Ctr Agr Bioinformat, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CIFN, Program Computat Genom, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico. RP Lamboy, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cornell Univ, Cornell theory Ctr, Ctr Agr Bioinformat, Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM wfl1@cornell.edu; moreno@cifn.unam.mx NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD APR 7 PY 2004 VL 227 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2003.11.009 PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 807PP UT WOS:000220513700002 PM 15019498 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Small, BC Bosworth, BG AF Peterson, BC Small, BC Bosworth, BG TI Effects of bovine growth hormone (Posilac (R)) on growth performance, body composition, and IGFBPs in two strains of channel catfish SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE recombinant bovine growth hormone; growth performance; insulin like growth factor binding proteins; channel catfish ID FACTOR-BINDING-PROTEINS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; FACTOR-I; COHO SALMON; MORONE-SAXATILIS; STRIPED BASS; INSULIN; FISH; MYKISS AB The effects of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH; Posilac(R)) on growth rate, feed efficiency, body composition, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) were investigated in Norris and NWAC103 strains of channel catfish. Three hundred and twenty fish from each strain were assigned randomly to four treatments with four replicates each. The treatments were (1) Sham-injected control (needle puncture per 3 weeks); (2) Low (30 mug g(-1) BW per 3 weeks, Posilac(R)); (3) Medium (60 mug g(-1) BW per 3 weeks, Posilac(R)); and (4) High (120 mug g(-1) BW per 3 weeks, Posilac(R)). Fish were reared in 76-1 tanks supplied with 26.0 degreesC flow-through well water for 9 weeks. Fish were fed a 36% CP commercial diet twice each day to apparent satiation. Feed consumption increased (P < 0.05) 15% with rbGH treatment in the Norris strain while no significant increase in feed consumption was observed in rbGH-treated NWAC103 catfish. Compared to sham controls, all treatments (Low, Medium, and High) increased final weights (P < 0.05) (168 +/- 13.2 vs. 144 +/- 10.0 g) (average weight of the three treatments), but no overall improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in NWAC103 fish. In the Norris strain, the High treatment increased (P < 0.05) final weight (135 +/- 6.2 vs. 106 +/- 8.7 g) but no improvement in FCR was observed when compared to sham controls. rbGH treatments increased (P < 0.05) total length in both strains, but no difference in condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), or body composition was observed. On day 63, levels of a 45-kDa IGFBP (catfish-IGFBP-3) were similar between treated and untreated fish in both strains. Results of this study indicate the Low treatment was as effective in promoting growth as the High treatment in the NWAC103 strain. Results of the body composition analysis suggest that the increase in weight gain was not due to an increase in fat deposition. The observed increase in length suggests rbGH enhances linear growth in channel catfish. Similar levels of cf-IGFBP-3 between treated and untreated fish may reflect "steady state" levels of cf-IGFBP-3 in growing fish. Identifying other endogenous growth factor(s) responsible for the observed increase in growth rate will be crucial in our understanding of improving growth in cultured channel catfish. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Peterson, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38,141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bpeterson@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 49 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 232 IS 1-4 BP 651 EP 663 DI 10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00526-x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 804RF UT WOS:000220315100052 ER PT J AU Fife, JP Derksen, RC Ozkan, HE Grewal, PS Chalmers, JJ Krause, CR AF Fife, JP Derksen, RC Ozkan, HE Grewal, PS Chalmers, JJ Krause, CR TI Evaluation of a contraction flow field on hydrodynamic damage to entomopathogenic nematodes - A biological pest control agent SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE biopesticide; entomopathogenic nematode damage; extensional flow; tensile stress; local energy dissipation; computational fluid dynamics; Heterorhabditis; Steinernema ID INFECTIVE JUVENILES; EXTENSIONAL FLOW; ANIMAL-CELLS; BIOPESTICIDES; VIABILITY; DEGRADATION; STEINERNEMA; CULTURES; FORCES; SHEAR AB Mechanized production and delivery of biological pesticides presents challenges because the biological agents must remain viable during these processes. This study evaluates the effect of flow through an abrupt contraction, where flow characteristics similar to that found within bioprocesses and spray equipment are developed, on damage to a benchmark biological pest control agent, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). An opposed-pistons, contraction flow device generated volumetric flow rates ranging between 8.26 cm(3) /s and 41.3 cm(3)/s. Four EPN species were evaluated: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis megidis, Steinernema carpocapsae, and Steinemema glaseri. Damage was quantified by counting living and dead EPNs. Optical and cold field emission scanning electron microscope (CFE-SEM) images provided qualitative information to describe how the damage occurred. The experimental flow field was completely described using FLUENT, a computational fluid dynamics program, Local flow parameters computed in FLUENT were compared to EPN damage. The type and extent of damage varied between EPN species. Damaged Heterorhabditis spp. generally remained whole with an internal rupture located near the center of the body, while Steinemema spp. most often broke into several pieces. The fast-transient stress field generated at the entrance to the contraction caused a momentary tensile loading and then relaxation that C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Wooster, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Fife, JP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM fife.17@osu.edu RI Chalmers, Jeffrey/D-2305-2009 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1002/bit.10879 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 802XK UT WOS:000220196000012 PM 15007846 ER PT J AU Negron, JF Popp, JB AF Negron, JF Popp, JB TI Probability of ponderosa pine infestation by mountain pine beetle in the Colorado Front Range SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus ponderosae; mountain pine beetle; bark beetles; Pinus ponderosa; ponderosa pine ID LODGEPOLE PINE; BLACK-HILLS; TREE VIGOR; STANDS; FORESTS; FIRE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY AB Insect-caused tree mortality, fires, and pathogens are primary disturbance agents in forest ecosystems. The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is a bark beetle that can cause extensive mortality in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Lawson, along the Colorado Front Range. Despite the history of outbreaks of this insect in Colorado, no models have been developed to estimate the probability of infestation. Thirty-five clusters of one infested and three baseline plots were established from 1998 to 2000 in the Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest in north-central Colorado to develop empirical models of probability of infestation based on forest conditions. Mountain pine beetle-infested plots exhibited higher basal area and stand density index (SDI) for ponderosa pine and for all tree species combined, and higher number of ponderosa pine trees per hectare. Within infested plots, infested trees were larger in diameter at breast height and in the dominant and co-dominant crown positions. A classification tree model indicated that the likelihood of infestation by mountain pine beetle is 0.71 when ponderosa pine basal area is >17.1 m(2)/ha at the stand level. A second plot-level model indicated that the probability of infestation increased with increasing ponderosa pine SDI, ponderosa pine quadratic mean diameter, and total basal area. For individual trees within infested plots the likelihood of infestation was 0.77 for dominant or co-dominant trees >18.2 cm in diameter at breast height. Results are consistent with other studies that have documented increased likelihood of infestation or enhanced mortality levels or both as a result of higher host type stocking. The simple models developed should help to guide silvicultural treatments and restoration efforts by establishing stocking levels below which mountain pine beetle-caused mortality is less likely, particularly in the dry sites and poor growing conditions characteristic of the Colorado Front Range. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Negron, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jnegron@fs.fed.us NR 66 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 191 IS 1-3 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2003.10.026 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 806TN UT WOS:000220456300002 ER PT J AU Goyer, RA Lenhard, GJ Strom, BL AF Goyer, RA Lenhard, GJ Strom, BL TI The influence of silhouette color and orientation on arrival and emergence of Ips pine engravers and their predators in loblolly pine SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; insect vision; dendroctonus; lps; host finding; predators; loblolly pine ID BARK BEETLES COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; INSECTS; DISRUPTION; FRONTALIS; TEXAS AB Insects that rely upon aggressive bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) for generating appropriate habitats (natural enemies and associated species) must respond to a variety of stimuli used by bark beetles, including semiochemical and visual cues. In the southeastern US, Ips engraver beetles are non-aggressive bark beetles that exploit both standing and downed trees (vertically and horizontally oriented target). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate whether changes in visual silhouettes (color and orientation) affected the colonization patterns of Ips engravers and their natural predators in loblolly pine logs. We found that the total number of Ips arriving at loblolly pine logs was significantly affected by color. About 48% fewer Ips were caught at logs painted white than those painted black, and 32% fewer than at unpainted. Of the predators arriving in sufficient numbers to evaluate, Medetera bistriata parent (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) and Platysoma spp. (Coleoptera: Histeridae) were significantly affected by color, with white logs catching fewer numbers in each case. Orientation of host logs (horizontal and vertical) affected both M. bistriata and Lonchea spp. (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) but not Ips. Lonchea were significantly and consistently more attracted to horizontal logs. M. bistriata, on the other hand, were inconsistently more attracted to vertical logs, i.e., the interaction between season and orientation was as strong as the main effect for orientation. Thanasimus dubius (F) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and anthocorid bugs were not caught in sufficient numbers for valid analysis. Overall, these results are similar to those obtained by funnel trapping, suggesting that visual responses are robust across different environmental conditions. Further, our results suggest that color treatments could be used to manipulate behaviors of predators and prey somewhat independently. This may be important for research, to evaluate relationships at a range of densities, and management, to develop treatments that reduce losses of natural enemies when bark beetles are targeted. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Goyer, RA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rgoyer@lsu.edu NR 27 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 191 IS 1-3 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2003.11.012 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 806TN UT WOS:000220456300011 ER PT J AU Sturtevant, BR Seagle, SW AF Sturtevant, BR Seagle, SW TI Comparing estimates of forest site quality in old second-growth oak forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE site index; Quercus rubra; Quercus prinus; Quercus alba; central Appalachians; topography ID MIXED-SPECIES STANDS; HEIGHT-GROWTH; INDEX CURVES; PRODUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS; USA AB Site index is a useful tool for evaluating forest site quality, but the application of site index is currently problematic within the central Appalachian hardwoods because several of the assumptions required for site index are violated, particularly within older, stands. This study evaluated the applicability of site index to relatively old (age range = 74-134 years) second-growth, mixed-oak stands in western Maryland by comparing site index as traditionally calculated from age and height with two other models of site index based on (1) height and diameter, and (2) topographic position. Reproducibility statistics indicated that while site index calculated from age and height appeared to adequately reflect forest site quality relative to other old stands, they underestimated the expected site quality predicted by topographic position. Site index curves provided by Olson [Site index curves for upland oaks in the southeast, Research Note 125, USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Experiment Station, Ashville, NC, 1959, 2 pp.] performed better than those provided by Schnur [Yield, stand, and volume tables for even-aged upland oak forests, USDA Technical Bulletin 560, 1937], probably because asymptotic height was predicted to be more rapid using Olson's curves. However, both of these site index formulations are outdated, particularly because they are not based on stem analyses. We recommend further study of asymptotic height growth in oak to better approximate forest site quality for upland oaks at more advanced growth stages, and new stem analyses of oaks in the central Appalachians to improve site quality evaluation within the region. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP Sturtevant, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM bsturtevant@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 191 IS 1-3 BP 311 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.009 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 806TN UT WOS:000220456300024 ER PT J AU Moseley, KR Castleberry, SB Ford, WM AF Moseley, KR Castleberry, SB Ford, WM TI Coarse woody debris and pine litter manipulation effects on movement and microhabitat use of Ambystoma talpoideum in a Pinus taeda stand SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ambystomidae; Ambystoma talpoideum; coarse woody debris; pine litter; plantation silviculture ID DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; TERRESTRIAL ACTIVITY; HABITAT USE; TIGER SALAMANDERS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; MOLE SALAMANDER; HOME RANGE; ABUNDANCE; BEHAVIOR; DYNAMICS AB We examined effects of coarse woody debris (CWD) and pine litter (PL) manipulations on movement and microhabitat use by mole salamanders (Ambystoma talpoideum) in the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Individuals were tracked within field enclosures using harmonic radar detection from 3 December 2002 to 1 August 2003. Enclosure study one (ES1) consisted of three treatments: (1) high CWD/high PL; (2) low CWD/low PL; (3) high CWD/low PL. Enclosure study two (ES2) consisted of two treatment types: complete PL removal and unmanipulated control. Activity of A. talpoideum within ES1 high CWD/low PL, low CWD/high PL and high CWD/high PL treatments did not differ. Individuals subject to ES2 PL removal treatments moved during more nights than individuals in control treatments. During night surveys ES2 PL removal treatments moved on a greater percentage of nights, and were active for longer periods of time, than individuals in control treatments. A. talpoideum exposed to low PL treatments may have utilized CWD as a means of compensating for inadequate microclimate conditions provided by reduced pine litter depth. Our results suggest that reduction of CWD and pine litter has little effect on A. talpoideum activity levels. Conversely, complete pine litter removal prompts individual salamanders to move more frequently and for longer periods, thereby potentially being subjected to increased desiccation and predation risk. Within managed pine forests in the southeastern United States, forest management practices that minimize pine litter and CWD removal can help to maintain suitable habitat for amphibian groups such as ambystomatid salamanders. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Moseley, KR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM krm9575@owl.forestry.uga.edu NR 57 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 191 IS 1-3 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.015 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 806TN UT WOS:000220456300030 ER PT J AU Kato, S Jenkins, M Fogarty, E Bowman, D AF Kato, S Jenkins, M Fogarty, E Bowman, D TI Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst inactivation in field soil and its relation to soil characteristics: analyses using the geographic information systems SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts; geographic information system (GIS); Ascaris suum eggs; ArcView; dye permeability assay; inactivation rates; soil moisture content; soil organic content; soil pH ID WATER AB The need exists to understand the environmental parameters that affect inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in soil under field conditions. The inactivation of C. parvum oocysts placed in the natural environment was studied at a dairy farm in western New York State, USA. Seventy sampling points were arranged in a grid with points 150 m apart using the Geographic Information System. The sampling points were distributed among three distinct areas: woodland, corn field and pasture. Purified oocysts were inoculated into chambers filled with soil from each sampling point, and buried in the surface of each respective sampling point. To compare C. parvum oocyst survival with another organism known to survive environmental stresses, Ascaris suum eggs were also placed in soil contained in chambers and buried at the same sampling points as the oocysts. As controls oocysts and eggs in distilled water were also placed at each sampling point. Oocyst and egg viability, soil pH and percent gravimetric water content were measured at all sampling points at 0, 60 and 120 day sampling periods. Soil organic content was determined for each sampling point. At 120 days after placement, mean viability of C. parvum oocysts was 10% although at a few sampling points, 30% of oocysts were still potentially infective; whereas 90% of A. suum eggs were viable at all sampling points. Statistically significant differences were not observed among the three different sampling areas, and no statistically significant predictors were found by regression analysis. Results exemplified the heterogeneity of soil parameters and oocyst viability across a landscape; such results make predictive models for C. parvum inactivation problematical. The long-term survival of C. parvum oocysts in soil under field conditions, as this study demonstrated, emphasizes their potential as a risk to contaminate surface waters. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Kato, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Satomi.Kato@tufts.edu NR 19 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 321 IS 1-3 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.08.027 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 817JM UT WOS:000221173800003 PM 15050384 ER PT J AU Kenealy, WR Dietrich, DM AF Kenealy, WR Dietrich, DM TI Growth and fermentation responses of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to O-2 limitation SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phanerochaete chrysosporium; fermentation; wood; ethanol; oxalate; white-rot fungi ID OXYGENATION CONDITIONS; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; OXALIC-ACID; DEGRADATION; ETHANOL; CULTURE; WOOD; BIOSYNTHESIS; RESPIRATION AB Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 produced small amounts of ethanol from glucose, mannose, cellobiose, maltose and sucrose when grown with a limited O-2 supply in sealed bottles. Under O-2-limited growth on glucose, low levels of acetate or oxalate were produced when nitrogen was in excess or limited, respectively. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity (15 nmol/min/mg extract protein) was detected in cell extracts made from ethanol producing cells. The low levels of fermentative enzymes and products indicate that P chrysosporium does not grow fermentatively, but probably survives transient oxygen limitation by fermentation. Analysis of the genome sequence has indicated multiple alcohol dehydrogenase genes that resemble ADH I and ADH II. Fermentation experiments conducted with 1-C-13- and 2-C-13-glucose produced 2-C-13- and 1-C-13-ethanol, respectively. Under conditions of 1-C-13-glucose incubation with nitrogen in excess 2-C-13-acetate was also detected. The labeling pattern is consistent with ethanol formation by glycolysis and alcohol dehydrogenase. Ethanol was detected in aspen chips aerobically colonized by P. chrysosporium only when the culture was purged with nitrogen gas. The data indicate that R chrysosporium is able to ferment components of wood when the Supply Of O-2 is depleted. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Kenealy, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM bkenealy@fs.fed.us; dmdietr1@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD APR 2 PY 2004 VL 34 IS 5 BP 490 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.12.007 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 809OK UT WOS:000220645800016 ER PT J AU Erpul, G Norton, LD Gabriels, D AF Erpul, G Norton, LD Gabriels, D TI Splash-saltation trajectories of soil particles under wind-driven rain SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 5th International Conference on Aeolian Research/Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems-Soil Erosion Network CY JUL 22-25, 2002 CL Texas Tech Univ, LUBBOCK, TX HO Texas Tech Univ DE splash saltation; wind-driven rain; slope aspect; slope gradient; wind shear velocity ID TRANSPORT; SAND; IMPACT; GRAINS; TUNNEL; MODEL AB It is usually recognized that relatively large amounts of soil particles cannot be transported by raindrop splashes under windless rain. However, the splash-saltation process can cause net transportation in the prevailing wind direction since variations in splash-saltation trajectory due to the wind are expected in wind-driven rain. Therefore, determining the combined effect of rain and wind on the process should enable improvement of the estimation of erosion for any given prediction technique. This paper presents experimental data on the effects of slope aspect, slope gradient, and horizontal wind velocity on the splash-saltation trajectories of soil particles under wind-driven rain. In a wind tunnel facility equipped with a rainfall simulator, the rains driven by horizontal wind velocities of 6, 10, and 14 m s(-1) were allowed to impact three agricultural soils packed into 20 x 55 cm soil pans placed at both windward and leeward slopes of 7%, 15%, and 20%. Splash-saltation trajectories were measured by trapping the splashed particles at distances downwind on a 7-m uniform slope segment in the upslope and downslope directions, respectively, for windward and leeward slopes. Exponential decay curves were fitted for the mass distribution of splash-saltation sediment as a function of travel distance, and the average splash-saltation trajectory was derived from the average value of the fitted functions. The results demonstrated that the average trajectory of a raindrop-induced and wind-driven soil particle was substantially affected by the wind shear velocity, and it had the greatest correlation (r = 0.96 for all data) with the shear velocity; however, neither slope aspect nor slope gradient significantly predicted the splash-saltation trajectory. More significantly, a statistical analysis conducted with nonlinear regression model of C-1(u(*)(2)/g) showed that average trajectory of splash saltation was approximately three times greater than that of typical saltating sand grain. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Soil Sci, TR-06110 Ankara, Turkey. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. State Univ Ghent, Dept Soil Management & Soil Care, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Erpul, G (reprint author), Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Soil Sci, TR-06110 Ankara, Turkey. EM erpul@agri.ankara.edu.tr RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 52 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 2 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1-4 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.09.003 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 806TT UT WOS:000220456900004 ER PT J AU Phelan, TJ Lemke, LD Bradford, SA O'Carroll, DM Abriola, LM AF Phelan, TJ Lemke, LD Bradford, SA O'Carroll, DM Abriola, LM TI Influence of textural and wettability variations on predictions of DNAPL persistence and plume development in saturated porous media SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union held in honour of George F Pinder CY DEC 10-14, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE multiphase flow; DNAPL; wettability; heterogeneity; numerical model; source zone remediation ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; ADSORBING SOLUTE TRANSPORT; FIELD-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; ACIDIC OIL SYSTEMS; CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; FRACTIONAL WETTABILITY; MIXED WETTABILITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; RELATIVE PERMEABILITY; INTERFACIAL-TENSIONS AB Numerical simulations examine the migration, entrapment, and mass recovery behaviour of DNAPLs in aquifer systems with coupled textural and wettability variations. Permeability fields of varying degrees of heterogeneity (i.e., differing sigma(In(k))(2)) were generated with sequential Gaussian simulation, using geostatistical parameters derived from core grain size measurements in a sandy glacial outwash aquifer. Organic-wet mass fraction, a representative metric for wettability, was correlated to porous media permeability. A multiphase flow simulator incorporating wettability-dependent constitutive relationships for capillary behaviour is used to generate residual saturation distributions for tetrachloroethene (PCE) spill events in these synthetic aquifers. Simulated saturation distributions then serve as initial conditions for compositional simulations of PCE dissolution, to examine the effect of coupled wettability and permeability variations on DNAPL mass recovery. Simulations reveal considerable differences in predicted depth of organic liquid penetration, extent of vertical spreading, and magnitude of maximum entrapped saturation for the various modeled scenarios. These differences are directly linked to observable variations in effluent concentration and mass recovery predictions in the aqueous phase flushing simulations. Results suggest that mass recovery behaviour may be highly realization dependent and not closely correlated with geostatistical parameters. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, 105 Anderson Hall,200 Coll Ave, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM tphelan@engin.umich.edu; ldlemke@engin.umich.edu; sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov; denismo@engin.umich.edu; linda.abriola@tufts.edu RI Abriola, Linda/F-7624-2010; O'Carroll, Denis/E-6382-2013; Phelan, Thomas/H-3089-2013; OI Phelan, Thomas/0000-0003-2270-8416; O'Carroll, Denis/0000-0001-6557-226X NR 77 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD APR PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 411 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.02.011 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 817LN UT WOS:000221179100009 ER PT J AU Tracy, BF Sanderson, MA AF Tracy, BF Sanderson, MA TI Forage productivity, species evenness and weed invasion in pasture communities SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE plant community diversity; pastures; weed invasion; North America ID PLANT DIVERSITY; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; RIPARIAN ZONES; BIODIVERSITY; INVASIBILITY; RESISTANCE; RICHNESS; STABILITY AB A long standing ecological paradigm suggests that diverse plant communities should be more resistant to weed invasion compared with plant communities that have few species. Data from three separate studies were used to test the hypothesis that increased forage species diversity reduces weed invasion in pasture communities. The first study measured weed invasion in experimentally constructed pasture communities containing 1-15 species. A second experiment conducted in the greenhouse involved sowing a common perennial weed species, curly dock (Rumex crispus), into forage mixtures with 5 or 10 different forage species and three monocultures. The third study investigated the relationship between weed abundance and forage diversity in 37 pastures surveyed across the northeastern United States. Consistent negative relationships between forage species diversity and weed abundance were found. The causal mechanisms explaining the negative relationships between forage diversity and weed invasion were difficult to delineate since diversity was often correlated with highly productive pasture communities. The results suggest that maintaining both productive pasture communities (>150 g m(-2) of aboveground biomass) and an evenly distributed array of forage species should be combined to effectively reduce weed invasion. Managing pastures for increased forage species diversity could be a useful cultural control method for weeds. Increasing the diversity of forage plants also has other ecosystem benefits to pasture communities (e.g., greater primary production, stability) beyond that of weed suppression. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tracy, BF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bftracy@uiuc.edu NR 30 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD APR PY 2004 VL 102 IS 2 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2003.08.002 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801SY UT WOS:000220116800005 ER PT J AU Ma, GS Yao, MJ Liu, Y Lin, AW Zou, H Urlando, A Wong, WW Nommsen-Rivers, L Dewey, KG AF Ma, GS Yao, MJ Liu, Y Lin, AW Zou, H Urlando, A Wong, WW Nommsen-Rivers, L Dewey, KG TI Validation of a new pediatric air-displacement plethysmograph for assessing body composition in infants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body composition; percentage body fat; infants; air-displacement plethysmography; deuterium dilution; total body water ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FAT-FREE MASS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; CHILDREN; WATER; PIGLETS; DEUTERIUM; VOLUME; ADULTS AB Background: The accurate measurement of body composition is useful in assessments of infant growth and nutritional status. Objective: This study evaluated the reliability and accuracy of a new air-displacement plethysthography (ADP) system for body-composition assessment in infants. Design: Between- and within-day reliability was assessed by comparing the percentage body fat (%BF) obtained on consecutive days and on the same day, respectively, in 36 full-term infants. Accuracy was assessed by comparing %BF measured with the use of ADP and %BF measured with the use of deuterium ((H2O)-H-2) dilution in 53 infants. Results: There were no significant differences in %BF between days (-0.50 +/- 1.21%BF) or within days (0.16 +/- 1.44%BF). Mean between- and within-day test-retest SDs of 0.69 and 0.72%BF, respectively, indicated excellent reliability. The %BF measurements obtained by using ADP were not significantly influenced by infant behavioral state. Mean %BF obtained by using ADP (20.32%BF) did not differ significantly from that obtained by using 2H(2)O dilution (20.39%BF), and the regression line [%BF((H2O)-H-2) = 0.851%BF (ADP) + 3.094] gave a high R-2 (0.76) and a low SEE (3.26). The 95% limits of agreement between ADP and 2H(2)O (-6.84%BF, 6.71%BF) were narrower than those reported for other body-composition techniques used in infants. Individual differences between the 2 methods were not a function of body mass or fatness. Conclusion: ADP is a reliable and accurate instrument for determining %BF in infants, and it has the potential for use in both research and clinical settings. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Beijing, Peoples R China. Life Measurement Inc, Concord, CA USA. Shandong Univ, Matern & Child Care Hosp, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. Shandong Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Dewey, KG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kgdewey@ucdavis.edu NR 41 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2004 VL 79 IS 4 BP 653 EP 660 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 807IZ UT WOS:000220496500020 PM 15051611 ER PT J AU Fisher, JO Mitchell, DC Smiciklas-Wright, H Mannino, ML Birch, LL AF Fisher, JO Mitchell, DC Smiciklas-Wright, H Mannino, ML Birch, LL TI Meeting calcium recommendations during middle childhood reflects mother-daughter beverage choices and predicts bone mineral status SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LIFETIME MILK CONSUMPTION; DIETARY CALCIUM; NUTRIENT INTAKE; US CHILDREN; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; FRAMINGHAM CHILDRENS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; YOUNG FEMALES; FOOD SOURCES; SOFT DRINKS AB Background: Longitudinal data regarding the influence of beverage intakes on calcium adequacy,are lacking. Objective: This study evaluated calcium intake from ages 5 to 9 y as a function of mother-daughter beverage choices and as a predictor of bone mineral status. Design: Intakes of energy, calcium, milk, sweetened beverages, fruit juices, and non-energy-containing beverages were measured with the use of three 24-h dietary recalls in 192 non-Hispanic white girls aged 5, 7, and 9 y and their mothers. Calcium intakes from ages 5 to 9 y were categorized as either meeting or falling below recommended adequate intakes (AIs). The girls' bone mineral status was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at age 9 y. Results: The mean 5-y calcium intake was related to bone mineral density at age 9 y (beta = 0.27, P < 0.001). The girls who met the AI for calcium were not heavier (P = 0.83) but had higher energy intakes (P < 0.0001) than did the girls who consumed less than the AI. Compared with the girls who consumed less than the Al, the girls who met the Al consumed, on average, almost twice as much milk (P < 0.0001), had smaller decreases in milk intake (P < 0.01), and consumed 18% less sweetened beverages (P < 0.01) from ages 5 to 9 y; the 2 groups did not differ significantly in juice and non-energy-containing beverage intakes. The girls who met the Al were also served milk more frequently than were the girls who consumed less than the Al (P < 0.0001) and had mothers who drank milk more frequently(P < 0.01) than did the mothers of the girls who consumed less than the Al. Conclusions: These findings provide new longitudinal evidence that calcium intake predicts bone mineral status during middle childhood and reflects mother-daughter beverage choice patterns that are established well before the rapid growth and bone mineralization observed in adolescence. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fisher, JO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St,Suite 4004, Houston, TX USA. EM jfisher@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR10732, M01 RR010732]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD032973, R01 HD032973-08, R01 HD32973] NR 63 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2004 VL 79 IS 4 BP 698 EP 706 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 807IZ UT WOS:000220496500026 PM 15051617 ER PT J AU Menzel, JM Ford, WM Edwards, JW Menzel, MA AF Menzel, JM Ford, WM Edwards, JW Menzel, MA TI Nest tree use by the endangered Virginia northern flying squirrel in the central Appalachian mountains SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GLAUCOMYS SABRINUS COLORATUS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; FORESTS; VOLANS; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS; HABITAT; FUNGI AB Little is known about nest tree use of the endangered Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus). Because nesting sites could be a limiting factor, it is important to understand the denning ecology to further manage and protect this subspecies. We compared characteristics of nest trees used by Virginia northern flying squirrels with randomly selected trees during summer and fall of 2000 and 2001. We tracked 13 Virginia northern flying squirrels to 59 nest trees. The squirrels used an average of 3.6 nest trees/ month, switching trees frequently. Sixty-nine percent of the nests were in cavities and 31% were leaf nests. Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) and Fraser magnolia (Magnolia fraseri) were selected for nest trees more than expected based on availability A large portion of nest trees were in larger and taller trees than trees in the surrounding area. There also was a significant number of trees located next to or near skidder and hiking trails. Although a large number of nest trees were similar across sites, there was variation in the characteristics of nest trees used, suggesting that Virginia northern flying squirrels may not be as specialized in nest tree selection as indicated by previous studies. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Menzel, JM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2004 VL 151 IS 2 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)151[0355:NTUBTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811RM UT WOS:000220789000015 ER PT J AU Francl, KE Castleberry, SB Ford, WM AF Francl, KE Castleberry, SB Ford, WM TI Small mammal communities of high elevation central Appalachian wetlands SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MICROTUS-PENNSYLVANICUS; COMPETITIVE INTERACTION; HABITAT CORRIDORS; 2-SPECIES SYSTEM; ABUNDANCE; HERPETOFAUNA; PATTERNS; FORESTS; WIDTH; SCALE AB We surveyed small mammal assemblages at 20 high-elevation wetlands in West Virginia and Maryland and examined relationships among mammal capture rates, richness and evenness and landscape features at multiple spatial scales. In 24,693 trap nights we captured 1451 individuals of 12 species. Small mammal species richness increased with wetland size and was negatively correlated with trail density. Generalists, such as meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and shrews (Sorex cinereus, Blarina brevicauda), dominated larger, more open wetlands, whereas southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) were more prevalent at smaller sites surrounded by mixed coniferous-deciduous forest stands. Furthermore, meadow voles were captured more often at sites with higher road density and lower trail density. Southern bog lemmings (Synaptomys cooperi) were captured at less than half the sites, all of which were surrounded by a high proportion of deciduous forest. Although significant relationships were found, landscape features explained < 20% of total variation at any spatial scale. Other factors, such as land use history or competition, likely have exerted a greater influence in small mammal abundance and distribution at these sites. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Francl, KE (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2004 VL 151 IS 2 BP 388 EP 398 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)151[0388:SMCOHE]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811RM UT WOS:000220789000018 ER PT J AU Palti, Y Gahr, SA Hansen, JD Rexroad, CE AF Palti, Y Gahr, SA Hansen, JD Rexroad, CE TI Characterization of a new BAC library for rainbow trout: evidence for multi-locus duplication SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE BAC library; gene duplication; Oncorhynchus mykiss; physical mapping; rainbow trout ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LINKAGE; CLONES; GENES AB A 10X rainbow trout bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed to aid in the physical and genetic mapping efforts of the rainbow trout genome. The library was derived from the Swanson clonal line (YY male) and consists of 184 704 clones with an average insert size of 137 500 bp (PFGE) or 118 700 bp (DNA fingerprinting). The clones were gridded onto 10 large nylon membranes to produce high-density arrays for screening the library by hybridization. The library was probed with 11 cDNAs from the NCCCWA EST project chosen because of interest in their homology to known gene sequences, seven known genes, and a Y-specific sex marker. Putative positive clones identified by hybridization were re-arrayed and gridded for secondary confirmation. FPC analysis of HindIII and EcoRV DNA fingerprinting was used to estimate the level of redundancy in the library, to construct BAC contigs and to detect duplicated loci in the semi-duplicated rainbow trout genome. A good correlation (R-2 = 0.7) was found between the number of hits per probe and the number of contigs that were assembled from the positive BACs. The average number of BACs per contig was 9.6, which is in good agreement with 10X genome coverage of the library. Two-thirds of the loci screened were predicted to be duplicated as the positive BACs for those genes were assembled into two or three different contigs, which suggests that most of the rainbow trout genome is duplicated. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Palti, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11876 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM ypalti@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 130 EP 133 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01112.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 804BB UT WOS:000220273100009 PM 15025574 ER PT J AU Ernst, CW Raney, NE Rilington, VD Rohrer, GA Brouillette, JA Venta, PJ AF Ernst, CW Raney, NE Rilington, VD Rohrer, GA Brouillette, JA Venta, PJ TI Mapping of the FES and FURIN genes to porcine chromosome 7 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CELL HYBRID PANEL; GENOME; PIG; DISEASE; MAP C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ernst, CW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ernstc@msu.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 142 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01085.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 804BB UT WOS:000220273100012 PM 15025577 ER PT J AU Murdoch, B Fu, A Meng, Y Li, C Hansen, C Snelling, WM Moore, SS AF Murdoch, B Fu, A Meng, Y Li, C Hansen, C Snelling, WM Moore, SS TI Identification of three microsatellite loci on bovine chromosome 19 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Moore, SS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. EM stephen.moore@ualberta.ca RI Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 145 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01087.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 804BB UT WOS:000220273100014 PM 15025579 ER PT J AU Murdoch, B Fu, A Meng, Y Li, C Hansen, C Snelling, WM Moore, SS AF Murdoch, B Fu, A Meng, Y Li, C Hansen, C Snelling, WM Moore, SS TI Assignment of the SIAT4A gene to bovine chromosome 14 by linkage mapping of an associated microsatellite SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Moore, SS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. EM stephen.moore@ualberta.ca RI Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 146 EP 147 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01086.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 804BB UT WOS:000220273100015 PM 15025580 ER PT J AU Karsi, A Waldbieser, GC AF Karsi, A Waldbieser, GC TI Partial cloning of the T-cell receptor-alpha gene and assignment of TRA and TRB genes to the catfish linkage map SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Karsi, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM akarsi@ars.usda.gov OI Karsi, Attila/0000-0001-6845-3346 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 150 EP 151 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01099.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 804BB UT WOS:000220273100018 PM 15025583 ER PT J AU Zhang, HM Cheng, HH AF Zhang, HM Cheng, HH TI SNP identification and genetic mapping of chicken ephrin type-B receptor 2 gene to linkage group E54 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE; EPH FAMILY; CEK5; ERK C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Zhang, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hmzhang@msu.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 162 EP 163 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01108.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 804BB UT WOS:000220273100026 PM 15025591 ER PT J AU Zhang, HM Cheng, HH AF Zhang, HM Cheng, HH TI Chicken tubby-like protein 1 (TULP1) gene maps to chromosome 26 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID TUBBY; MOUSE; MUTATION; PROTEINS; FAMILY C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Zhang, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hmzhang@msu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 165 EP 166 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01107.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 804BB UT WOS:000220273100029 PM 15025594 ER PT J AU Lopez, H Satter, LD Wiltbank, MC AF Lopez, H Satter, LD Wiltbank, MC TI Relationship between level of milk production and estrous behavior of lactating dairy cows SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; estrus; Estrous behavior; milk production ID HOLSTEIN COWS; ESTRUS DETECTION; HORMONE SURGE; ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; CATTLE; EWE; CONCEPTION; HEIFERS AB The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between level of milk production and duration of estrus as determined by standing activity recorded by a radiotelemetry system. Holstein cows (n = 267; 50 DIM) were fitted with a transmitter that allowed continuous recording of standing activity. Cows were housed in a free-stall barn and milked twice daily. Ovulation was confirmed for all estruses (n = 380). Average milk production for the 10 days before the day of estrus was used to classify cows as lower (<39.5 kg/day) or higher (greater than or equal to39.5 kg/day) producers at the time of estrous expression. Follicle size and serum estradiol (E-2) concentrations were determined in a subset of cows (n = 7 1) on the day of estrus. Duration (6.2 +/- 0.5 h versus 10.9 +/- 0.7 h; P < 0.0001), standing events (6.3 +/- 0.4 versus 8.8 +/- 0.6; P = 0.001), and standing time (21.7 +/- 1.3 s versus 28.2 +/- 1.9 s; P = 0.007) were shorter for estruses from higher (46.4 +/- 0.4 kg/day; n = 146) than lower producers (33.5 +/- 0.3 kg/day; n = 177). Milk production was correlated with the duration of estrus (r = -0.5 1; P < 0.0001; n = 323). Higher producers had lower E-2 concentrations than lower producers (6.8 +/- 0.5; n = 31 versus 8.6 +/- 0.5 pg/ml; n = 40; P = 0.01) in spite of larger pre-ovulatory follicle diameter (18.6 +/- 0.3; n 31 versus 17.4 +/- 0.2 mm; n = 40; P = 0.004). Interestingly, E-2 concentrations were not correlated with diameter of the pre-ovulatory follicle (r = -0. 17; P = 0. 15) but milk production was correlated with both E-2 concentrations (r = -0.57; P < 0.0001) and diameter of the pre-ovulatory follicle (r = 0.45; P < 0.0001). Thus, high milk production decreases duration of estrus probably due to decreased circulating concentrations of E-2. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wiltbank, MC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, 1675 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Wiltbank@calshp.cals.wisc.edu RI Wiltbank, Milo/B-1506-2010 NR 28 TC 203 Z9 218 U1 2 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 81 IS 3-4 BP 209 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2003.10.009 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 801TE UT WOS:000220117400003 PM 14998648 ER PT J AU Wang, S Panter, KE Gardner, DR Evans, RC Bunch, TD AF Wang, S Panter, KE Gardner, DR Evans, RC Bunch, TD TI Effects of the pine needle abortifacient, isocupressic acid, on bovine oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine; in vitro fertilization; isocupressic acid; pine needles ID PONDEROSA PINE; BEEF-CATTLE; ABORTION; CULTURE; BLASTOCYSTS; SELECTION AB Isocupressic acid (ICA) [15-hydroxylabda-8 (17), 13E-dien-19-oic acid], a labdane diterpene acid, isolated from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Common juniper (Juniperus communis) and Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa), induces abortion in pregnant cows when ingested primarily during the last trimester. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of isocupressic acid on bovine oocyte maturation (in vitro maturation (IVM)Experiment I) and preimplantation embryo development (in vitro culture (IVC)-Experiment II) using in vitro embryo production techniques and to subsequently evaluate viability and developmental competence of ICA-cultured embryos via embryo transfer to recipient heifers (Experiment III). A complete randomized block experimental design was used. In Experiment I and II, isocupressic acid was added to IVM or IVC media at 0 (TRT1, control), 1.3 (TRT2), and 2.6 mug/ml (TRT3) Results from Experiment I and II indicated that ICA did not inhibit oocyte maturation and did not adversely affect prempiantation embryo development. Furthermore, results from Experiment II demonstrated that isocupressic acid enhanced bovine preimplantation embryo development in vitro in a dose dependent manner. Subsequently, Day 8 (Day 0 = IVF) blastocysts cultured in vitro in the medium containing 2.6 mug/ml ICA were transferred to recipient heifers and resulted in normal pregnancies as determined by ultrasound imaging. Subsequently, all but two births were normal as evaluated by post natal veterinary examination. In conclusion, ICA showed no adverse effects on oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development in vitro or subsequent viability in vivo using the ICA concentrations and in vitro culture parameters of this study. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM sqwang@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 81 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2003.10.008 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 801TE UT WOS:000220117400005 PM 14998650 ER PT J AU Wonderling, LD Wilkinson, BJ Bayles, DO AF Wonderling, LD Wilkinson, BJ Bayles, DO TI The htrA (degP) gene of Listeria monocytogenes 10403S is essential for optimal growth under stress conditions SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; PH; TOLERANCE; VIRULENCE; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE AB This report describes a mutant of Listeria monocytogenes strain 10403S (serotype 1/2a) with a defective response to conditions of high osmolarity, an environment that L. monocytogenes encounters in some ready-to-eat foods. A library of L. monocytogenes clones mutagenized with Tn917 was generated and scored for sensitivity to 4% NaCl in order to identify genes responsible for growth or survival in elevated-NaCl environments. One of the L. monocytogenes Tn917 mutants, designated strain OSM1, was selected, and the gene interrupted by the transposon was sequenced. A BLAST search with the putative translated amino acid sequence indicated that the interrupted gene product was a homolog of htrA (degP), a gene coding for a serine protease identified as a stress response protein in several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. An htrA deletion strain, strain LDW1, was constructed, and the salt-sensitive phenotype of this strain was complemented by introduction of a plasmid carrying the wild-type htrA gene, demonstrating that htrA is necessary for optimal growth under conditions of osmotic stress. Additionally, strain LDW1 was tested for its response to temperature and H2O2 stresses. The results of these growth assays indicated that strain LDW1 grew at a lower rate than the wild-type strain at 44degreesC but at a rate similar to that of the wild-type strain when incubated at 4degreesC. In addition, strain LDW1 was significantly more sensitive to a 52degreesC heat shock than the wild-type strain. Strain LDW1 was also defective in its response to H2O2 Challenge at 37degreesC, since 100 or 150 mug of H2O2 was more inhibitory for the growth of strain LDW1 than for that of the parent strain. The stress response phenotype observed for strain LDW1 is similar to that observed for other HtrA(-) organisms, which suggests that L. monocytogenes HtrA may play a role in degrading misfolded proteins that accumulate under stress conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Illinois State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Microbiol Grp, Normal, IL 61761 USA. RP Bayles, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dbayles@arserrc.gov NR 46 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1935 EP 1943 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.4.1935-1943.2004 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 811SS UT WOS:000220792200007 PM 15066783 ER PT J AU McCormick, SP Harris, LJ Alexander, NJ Ouellet, T Saparno, A Allard, S Desjardins, AE AF McCormick, SP Harris, LJ Alexander, NJ Ouellet, T Saparno, A Allard, S Desjardins, AE TI Tri1 in Fusarium graminearum encodes a P450 oxygenase SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NIVALENOL-PRODUCING CHEMOTYPES; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; TRICHOTHECENE BIOSYNTHESIS; REDUCED VIRULENCE; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; GENE; DEOXYNIVALENOL; FUJIKUROI; 3-O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; CYTOCHROME-P450 AB Gibberella zeae (asexual state Fusarium graminearum) is a major causal agent of wheat head blight and maize ear rot in North America and is responsible for contamination of grain with deoxynivalenol and related trichothecene mycotoxins. To identify additional trichothecene biosynthetic genes, cDNA libraries were prepared from fungal cultures under trichothecene-inducing conditions in culture and in planta. A gene designated LH1 that was highly expressed under these conditions exhibited only moderate (59%) similarity to known trichothecene biosynthetic cytochrome P450s. To determine the function of LH1, gene disruptants were produced and assessed for trichothecene production. Gene disruptants no longer produced 15-acetyideoxynivalenol, which is oxygenated at carbon 7 (C-7) and C-8, but rather accumulated calonectrin and 3-deacetylcalonectrin, which are not oxygenated at either C-7 or C-8. These results indicate that gene LH1 encodes a cytochrome P450 responsible for oxygenation at one or both of these positions. Despite the relatively low level of DNA and amino acid sequence similarity between the two genes, LH1 from G. zeae is the probable homologue of Tril, which encodes a cytochrome P450 required for C-8 oxygenation in F. sporotrichioides. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Bioprod & Bioproc, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP McCormick, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mccormsp@ncaur.usda.gov NR 30 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 4 BP 2044 EP 2051 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2044-2051.2004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 811SS UT WOS:000220792200019 PM 15066795 ER PT J AU Meinersmann, RJ Phillips, RW Wiedmann, M Berrang, ME AF Meinersmann, RJ Phillips, RW Wiedmann, M Berrang, ME TI Multilocus sequence typing of Listeria monocytogenes by use of hypervariable genes reveals clonal and recombination histories of three lineages SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; TUBERCULOSIS; POLYMORPHISM; EVOLUTION; GENOMICS; BACTERIA; STRAINS; PROTEIN AB In an attempt to develop a method to discriminate among isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, the sequences of all of the annotated genes from the fully sequenced strain L. monocytogenes EGD-e (serotype 1/2a) were compared by BLASTn to a file of the unfinished genomic sequence of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 (serotype 4b). Approximately 7% of the matching genes demonstrated 90% or lower identity between the two strains, and the lowest observed identity was 80%. Nine genes (hisJ, cbiE, truB, ribC, comEA, purM, aroE, hisC, and addB) in the 80 to 90% identity group and two genes (gyrB and rnhB) with approximately 97% identity were selected for multilocus sequence analysis in two sets of L. monocytogenes isolates (a 15-strain diversity set and a set of 19 isolates from a single food-processing plant). Based on concatenated sequences, a total of 33 allotypes were differentiated among the 34 isolates tested. Population genetics analyses revealed three lineages of L. monocytogenes that differed in their history of apparent recombination. Lineage I appeared to be completely clonal, whereas representatives of the other lineages demonstrated evidence of horizontal gene transfer and recombination. Although most of the gene sequences for lineage 11 strains were distinct from those of lineage 1, a few strains with the majority of genes characteristic of lineage 11 had some that were characteristic of lineage I. Genes from lineage III organisms were mostly similar to lineage I genes, with instances of genes appearing to be mosaics with lineage 11 genes. Even though lineage I and lineage 11 generally demonstrated very distinct sequences, the sequences for the 11 selected genes demonstrated little discriminatory power within each lineage. In the L. monocytogenes isolate set obtained from one food-processing plant, lineage I and lineage 11 were found to be almost equally prevalent. While it appears that different lineages of L. monocytogenes can share habitats, they appear to differ in their histories of horizontal gene transfer. C1 ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Meinersmann, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM rmeiners@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Wiedmann, Martin/A-9683-2008 OI Wiedmann, Martin/0000-0002-4168-5662 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM63259, R01 GM063259] NR 33 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 4 BP 2193 EP 2203 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2193-2203.2004 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 811SS UT WOS:000220792200037 PM 15066813 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE Brown, DW Yun, SH Proctor, RH Lee, T Plattner, RD Lu, SW Turgeon, BG AF Desjardins, AE Brown, DW Yun, SH Proctor, RH Lee, T Plattner, RD Lu, SW Turgeon, BG TI Deletion and complementation of the mating type (MAT) locus of the wheat head blight pathogen Gibberella zeae SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAMORPH FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; REDUCED VIRULENCE; GENE; MUTANTS; DISRUPTION; TRANSFORMATION; RESISTANCE; PULICARIS; TESTS AB Gibberella zeae, a self-fertile, haploid filamentous ascomycete, causes serious epidemics of wheat (Triticum aestivum) head blight worldwide and contaminates grain with trichothecene mycotoxins. Anecdotal evidence dating back to the late 19th century indicates that G. zeae ascospores (sexual spores) are a more important inoculum source than are macroconidia (asexual spores), although the fungus can produce both during wheat head blight epidemics. To develop fungal strains to test this hypothesis, the entire mating type (MAT1) locus was deleted from a self-fertile (MAT1/MAT1-2), virulent, trichothecene-producing wild-type strain of G. zeae. The resulting MAT deletion (mat1-1/mat1-2) strains were unable to produce perithecia or ascospores and appeared to be unable to mate with the fertile strain from which they were derived. Complementation of a MAT deletion strain by transformation with a copy of the entire MAT locus resulted in recovery of production of perithecia and ascospores. MAT deletion strains and MAT-complemented strains retained the ability to produce macroconidia that could cause head blight, as assessed by direct injection into wheat heads in greenhouse tests. Availability of-HAT-null and MAT-complemented strains provides a means to determine the importance of ascospores in the biology of G. zeae and perhaps to identify novel approaches to control wheat head blight. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM desjarae@ncaur.usda.gov NR 36 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 4 BP 2437 EP 2444 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2437-2444.2004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 811SS UT WOS:000220792200066 PM 15066842 ER PT J AU Islam, M Morgan, J Doyle, MP Phatak, SC Millner, P Jiang, XP AF Islam, M Morgan, J Doyle, MP Phatak, SC Millner, P Jiang, XP TI Fate of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium on carrots and radishes grown in fields treated with contaminated manure composts or irrigation water SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Three different types of compost, PM-5 (poultry manure compost), 338 (dairy cattle manure compost), and NVIRO-4 (alkaline-pH-stabilized. dairy cattle manure compost), and irrigation water were inoculated with an avirulent strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium at 10(7) CFU g(-1) and 10(5) CFU ml(-1), respectively, to determine the persistence of salmonellae in soils containing these composts, in irrigation water, and also on carrots and radishes grown in these contaminated soils. A split-plot block design plan was used for each crop, with five treatments (one without compost, three with each of the three composts, and one without compost but with contaminated water applied) and five replicates for a total of 25 plots for each crop, with each plot measuring 1.8 X 4.6 m. Salmonellae persisted for an extended period of time, with the bacteria surviving in soil samples for 203 to 231 days, and were detected after seeds were sown for 84 and 203 days on radishes and carrots, respectively. Salmonella survival was greatest in soil amended with poultry compost and least in soil containing alkaline-pH-stabilized dairy cattle manure compost. Survival profiles of Salmonella on vegetables and soil samples contaminated by irrigation water were similar to those observed when contamination occurred through compost. Hence, both contaminated manure compost and irrigation water can play an important role in contaminating soil and root vegetables with salmonellae for several months. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Waste Pathogens Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Doyle, MP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mdoyle@uga.edu NR 20 TC 150 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 4 BP 2497 EP 2502 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2497-2502.2004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 811SS UT WOS:000220792200073 PM 15066849 ER PT J AU Skory, CD AF Skory, CD TI Lactic acid production by Rhizopus oryzae transformants with modified lactate dehydrogenase activity SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE GENES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; EXPRESSION; LOCALIZATION; ACCUMULATION; FERMENTATION; ARRHIZUS AB Rhizopus oryzae is capable of producing high levels of lactic acid by the fermentation of glucose. Yields typically vary over 60-80%, with the remaining glucose diverted primarily into ethanol fermentation. The goal of this work was to increase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, so lactic acid fermentation could more effectively compete for available pyruvate. Three different constructs, pLdhA71X, pLdhA48XI, and pLdhA89VII, containing various lengths of the ldhA gene fragment, were transformed into R. oryzae. This fungus rarely integrates DNA used for transformation, but instead relies on extra-chromosomal replication in a high-copy number. Plasmid pLdhA48XI was linearized prior to transformation in order to facilitate integration into the pyrG gene used for selection. Isolates transformed with ldhA containing plasmid were compared with both the wild-type parent strain and the auxotrophic recipient strain containing vector only. All isolates transformed with pLdhA71X or pLdhA48XI had multiple copies of the ldhA gene that resulted in ldhA transcript accumulation, LDH specific activity, and lactic acid production higher than the controls. Integration of plasmid pLdhA48XI increased the stability of the strain, but did not seem to offer any benefit for increasing lactic acid production. Since lactic acid fermentation competes with ethanol and fumaric acid production, it was not unexpected that increased lactic acid production was always concomitant with decreased ethanol and fumaric acid. Plasmid pLdhA71X, containing a large ldhA fragment (6.1 kb), routinely yielded higher levels of lactic acid than the smaller region (3.3 kb) used to construct plasmid pLdhA48XI. The greatest levels of ldhA transcript and enzyme production occurred with isolates transformed with plasmid pLdhA89VII. However, these transformants always produced less lactic acid and higher amounts of ethanol, fumaric, and glycerol compared with the control. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Skory, CD (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM skorycd@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 26 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 64 IS 2 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s00253-003-1480-7 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 808JJ UT WOS:000220565100012 PM 14624317 ER PT J AU Miyamoto, DL Olson, RA Schuman, GE AF Miyamoto, DL Olson, RA Schuman, GE TI Long-term effects of mechanical renovation of a mixed-grass prairie: I. Plant production SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mechanical treatments; rangelands; rangeland renovation; ripping ID CHEMICAL RANGE RENOVATION; BLUE GRAMA SEEDLINGS; HERBAGE PRODUCTION; EASTERN MONTANA; SHORTGRASS AB In 1979, a study was initiated on the northern mixed-grass prairie of southeastern Wyoming to determine the effects of mechanical rangeland renovation ( ripping, double ripping, and contour furrowing) on forage production for livestock grazing. These mechanical treatments enhanced initial forage production and increased livestock carrying capacities. In 1999 and 2000, the original study plot was reevaluated to determine long-term ( 20 years) effects of ripping and double ripping on plant species composition and aboveground production. In 1999, plant production in the single ripped treatment was significantly ( p = 0.01) greater (1.7 Mg ha(-1)) compared to the control (1.3 Mg ha(-1)). Plant production in 2000 was also significantly ( p = 0.06) greater in the single ripped treatment (0.9 Mg ha(-1)) compared to the control (0.5 Mg ha(-1)). Plant production in the double ripped treatment and control were not significantly different in 1999 (2302 vs. 2180 kg ha(-1)) or 2000 (1372 vs. 1192 kg ha(-1)), respectively. Hesperostipa comata (Trin. x Rupr.) Barkworth (needle-and-thread) was the dominant plant species in both treatments in 1999 and 2000, comprising 50% of total forage production. Ripping provided long-term increased forage production on northern mixed-grass prairie by shifting the plant species composition from a plant community dominated by warm-season grasses to one dominated by cool-season grasses. C1 ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Cheyenne, WY USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY USA. RP Schuman, GE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM gschuman@lamar.colostate.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1080/15324980490279601 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 811DU UT WOS:000220753400001 ER PT J AU Miyamoto, DL Schuman, GE Olson, RA AF Miyamoto, DL Schuman, GE Olson, RA TI Long-term effects of mechanical renovation of a mixed-grass prairie: II. Carbon and nitrogen balance SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mechanical treatments; rangelands; rangeland renovation; ripping; carbon sequestration; nutrient cycling ID CHEMICAL RANGE RENOVATION; HERBAGE PRODUCTION; EASTERN MONTANA; GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL CARBON; TILLAGE AB In 1979, a study was initiated on the northern mixed-grass prairie of southeastern Wyoming USA to determine the effects of mechanical rangeland renovation dripping and double ripping) on forage production. Mechanical treatments resulted in increased forage production and higher livestock carrying capacities. The original study plots were evaluated in 2000 to assess long-term (21 years) effects of the mechanical treatments on plant and soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics. Live plant biomass, standing dead, litter, and root biomass and soil (to 60 cm depth) were assessed to provide estimates of quantity and distribution of vegetation, soil and total ecosystem C and N. Soil pro. le N mass was significantly higher for both mechanical treatments compared to the nontreated control. Both the single and double ripped plots also showed significantly higher quantities of total ecosystem N than their respective controls. Neither mechanical treatment, however, had a significant effect on soil or total ecosystem organic C mass or distribution. The "tillage effect'' of the mechanical renovation treatments may account for the lack of organic C response because of enhanced decomposition and oxidation of soil organic C during initial treatment implementation. C1 ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Cheyenne, WY USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Schuman, GE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM gschuman@lamar.colostate.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1080/15324980490280807 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 811DU UT WOS:000220753400004 ER PT J AU Wang, YW Jones, PJH Ausman, LM Lichtenstein, AH AF Wang, YW Jones, PJH Ausman, LM Lichtenstein, AH TI Soy protein reduces triglyceride levels and triglyceride fatty acid fractional synthesis rate in hypercholesterolemic subjects SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE soy protein; animal protein; isoflavones; lipid profiles; cholesterol biosynthesis; triglyceride fatty acid biosynthesis ID OVARIECTOMIZED CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PLASMA-LIPIDS; SERUM-LIPIDS; SOYBEAN PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION; DIETARY SOY; MENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; BLOOD-LIPIDS AB To examine the effects of protein source and isoflavones on triglyceride (TG) fatty acid (TGFA) and cholesterol biosynthesis, subjects (>50 years, LDL cholesterol >130 mg/dl) underwent a four-phase randomized cross-over feeding trial. Diets contained either isolated soy protein or common sources of animal protein (25 g/1000kcal), without or with isoflavones (49 mg/1000kcal) and were each fed for 6 weeks. Blood samples from 20 hyperlipidemic subjects (6M, 14F, 62 +/- 9 years, BMI 26 +/- 3 kg/m(2), LDL cholesterol > 160 mg/dl after feeding animal protein without isoflavones) were selected to measure TGFA fractional synthetic rate (TGFA-FSR) and free cholesterol fractional synthetic rate (FC-FSR) over 24 h as deuterium oxide uptake into TGFA and free cholesterol. Soy protein reduced TG by 12.4% (P < 0.0001), total cholesterol by 4.4% (P < 0.001), and LDL cholesterol by 5.7% (P = 0.003) compared to animal protein. The TGFA-FSR was reduced by 13.3% (P = 0.018) and FC-FSR was increased by 7.6% (P = 0.017) after the soy protein relative to the animal protein. Isoflavones had no significant effect on TG and TGFA-FSR. Isoflavones reduced total cholesterol levels by 3.1 % (P = 0.009) but had no significant effect on LDL, HDL cholesterol levels, or FC-FSR. These data demonstrate that dietary protein type modulates circulating TG and cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic individuals by distinct mechanisms. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V, Canada. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Jones, PJH (reprint author), McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V, Canada. EM jonesp@macdonald.mcgill.ca OI Jones, Peter/0000-0001-5887-2846 NR 46 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD APR PY 2004 VL 173 IS 2 BP 269 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.athersclerosis.2003.12.015 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 825KL UT WOS:000221755700013 PM 15064101 ER PT J AU Marin, C Moreno, R Jimenez-Gomez, Y Bellido, C Gomez-Luna, M Moreno, J Paniagua, J Ordovas, J Lopez-Miranda, J Perez-Jimenez, F AF Marin, C Moreno, R Jimenez-Gomez, Y Bellido, C Gomez-Luna, M Moreno, J Paniagua, J Ordovas, J Lopez-Miranda, J Perez-Jimenez, F TI A single nucleotide polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A-V gene (SNP3, T-1131C) modulates postprandial lipoprotein metabolism SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 74th Congress of the European-Atherosclerosis-Society CY APR 17, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN SP European Atherosclerosis Soc C1 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer HNRC, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD APR PY 2004 VL 5 IS 1 SU S BP 86 EP 86 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 823UO UT WOS:000221639000373 ER PT J AU Lillehoj, HS Li, GX AF Lillehoj, HS Li, GX TI Nitric oxide production by macrophages stimulated with coccidia sporozoites, lipopolysaccharide, or interferon-gamma, and its dynamic changes in SC and TK strains of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide; macrophage; coccidiosis; lipopolysaccharide; sporozoite; interferon-gamma ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; L-ARGININE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; SYNTHASE GENE; CELL-LINE; INHIBITION; PROLIFERATION; REPLICATION; LYMPHOCYTES; MECHANISMS AB Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of innate and acquired immunities. In the studies reported here, we quantified NO produced in vitro by chicken leukocytes and macrophages and in vivo during the course of experimental infection with Eimeria, the causative agent of avian coccidiosis, and identified macrophages as the primary source of inducible NO. Eimeria tenella-infected chickens produced higher levels of NO compared with noninfected controls. In Eimeria-infected animals, SC chickens produced greater amounts of NO compared with infected TK chickens, particularly in the intestinal cecum, the region of the intestine infected by E tenella. Macrophages that were isolated from normal spleen were a major source of NO induced by interferon (IFN)-gamma, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and E tenella sporozoites. Macrophage cell line MQ-NCSU produced high levels of NO in response to Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhi LPS, whereas the HD-11 macrophage cell line was more responsive to IFN-gamma. These findings are discussed in the context of the genetic differences in SC and TK chickens that may contribute to their divergent disease phenotypes. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 42 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1637/7054 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IF UT WOS:000229917100003 PM 15283411 ER PT J AU Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Brown, TP Kim, Y Huff, GR AF Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Brown, TP Kim, Y Huff, GR TI Proventriculitis in broiler chickens: Effects of immunosuppression SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE proventriculitis; immunosuppression; IBDV ID INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE; PATHOGEN-FREE CHICKENS; CYCLOSPORINE-A; MALABSORPTION-SYNDROME; VIRUS; COPPER; CELL; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; MEGABACTERIA; LYMPHOCYTES AB Proventriculitis in broilers causes carcass condemnation when swollen proventriculi tear during evisceration. The cause of this proventriculitis is unknown, but several infectious agents have been associated with it. One such agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), has been implicated as a cause of proventriculitis, but a direct effect of this virus on the proventriculus has not been proven. The role of IBDV in proventriculitis may be indirect as a result of its ability to cause immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to understand how immunosuppression affects the incidence of proventriculitis in broiler chickens. Immunosuppression was induced in commercial and specific-pathogen-free broiler chickens using chemicals (cyclophosphamide and cyclosporin) or virus (IBDV). All groups were then exposed to a proventricular homogenate produced from diseased birds. At 7 and 14 days postinoculation, the incidence of proventriculitis in these groups was compared to that produced by homogenate exposure in immunocompetent broilers. All birds exposed to the proventricular homogenate from diseased birds developed proventriculitis. Cyclophosphamide and IBDV, both B cell suppressors, did not significantly affect the incidence or characteristics of the proventriculitis observed, although they did have an effect on the size of the proventriculus at 7 days postinoculation. Chickens inimunosuppressed with cyclosporin, a T cell suppressor, developed more severe lesions and had a higher incidence of proventriculitis. These findings indicate that both B and T cells are involved in the immune response against proventriculitis, but cell-mediated immunity appears to have a more important role in controlling the disease. IBDV affects both Immoral and cellular immunity in the chicken, so although under experimental conditions it didn't have a major effect on proventriculitis, it may explain why control of IBDV in the field seems to reduce the incidence of proventriculitis. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Pantin-Jackwood, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 300 EP 316 DI 10.1637/7099 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IF UT WOS:000229917100009 PM 15283417 ER PT J AU Huff, GR Huff, WE Balog, JM Rath, NC Izard, RS AF Huff, GR Huff, WE Balog, JM Rath, NC Izard, RS TI The effects of water supplementation with vitamin e and sodium salicylate (Uni-Sole (R)) on the resistance of turkeys to Escherichia coli respiratory infection SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; sodium salicylate; turkeys; Escherichia coli ID OSTEOMYELITIS COMPLEX; GROWTH DEPRESSION; BROILER-CHICKENS; CHALLENGE; DEXAMETHASONE; CELLS; MODEL; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; PROSTAGLANDINS; ANTIBODIES AB The objective of this study was to determine the prophylactic efficacy of two commercial products, soluble vitamin E and soluble sodium salicylate (Uni-Sol((R))), in an Escherichia coli respiratory challenge. The drinking water of male turkey poults was non-supplemented or supplemented with either vitamin E or Uni-Sol or a combination of both at dosages recommended by the manufacturer. There were 110 birds in each of the four treatments, housed in four floor pens per treatment. At 5 wk of age, birds in half of the pens were challenged with an air sac inoculation of approximately 50 colony-forming units of E. coli. Water treatment commenced 5 days before challenge and continued for 2 wk after challenge, when birds were necropsied. All water treatments prevented the decrease in body weight due to E. coli challenge; however, either vitamin E or Uni-Sol alone, but not the combination of the two, decreased body weight in nonchallenged controls. Either vitamin E or Uni-Sol treatment alone, but not the combination of the two, significantly decreased mortality and air sacculitis scores of challenged birds, and all treatments decreased the isolation rates of E coli from the liver. All treatments protected liver, spleen, and bursa weights (relative to body weight) from the effects of E coli challenge, and Uni-Sol alone or vitamin E with Uni-Sol protected relative heart weights from the effect of challenge. Uni-Sol treatment alone increased the main effect mean total leukocyte counts and the number and percent of lymphocytes. Uni-Sol in combination with vitamin E increased the number of lymphocytes of challenged birds. Uni-Sol alone decreased the main effect mean heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L) ratio, whereas vitamin E alone increased the H/L ratio of challenged birds. These results indicate that treatment of turkey poults with vitamin E or Uni-Sol prior to and during the stressful events that can lead to colisepticema may decrease disease incidence and mortality. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Anim Sci Prod, Nacogdoches, TX 75961 USA. RP Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 324 EP 331 DI 10.1637/7112 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IF UT WOS:000229917100011 PM 15283419 ER PT J AU Kapczynski, DR AF Kapczynski, DR TI Development of a virosome vaccine against avian metapneumovirus subtype C for protection in turkeys SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian metapneumovirus; veterinary virology; virosome vaccine; turkeys; immunology; turkey rhinotracheitis virus ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; PNEUMOVIRUS ISOLATE; GENE DELIVERY; PROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION; RESPONSES; LIPOSOME AB An avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) virosome vaccine was prepared and tested for protection of turkeys by aMPV challenge. The vaccine was produced using a detergent-based (Triton X-100) extraction of aMPV subtype C followed by detergent removal with SM2 Bio-Beads. Western blot and virus-neutralization analysis confirmed that the aMPV virosomes contained both the fusion and attachment glycoproteins. Specific-pathogen-free turkeys were immunized either intranasally (IN) or intramuscularly (IM) with two doses of the aMPV virosome vaccine. Vaccination decreased clinical signs of disease following virulent challenge, and IN vaccination was superior to IM vaccination in reducing clinical signs. Decreases in viral load in the respiratory tract were observed in turkeys receiving IN vaccination with aMPV virosomes compared to unvaccinated poults. Increased virus-neutralizing antibody levels against aMPV were observed in birds vaccinated with virosomes. These results demonstrate that immunization of turkeys with aMPV virosomes can be an effective strategy for control of disease. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kapczynski, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 332 EP 343 DI 10.1637/7115 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IF UT WOS:000229917100012 PM 15283420 ER PT J AU Bacon, LD Fulton, JE Kulkarni, GB AF Bacon, LD Fulton, JE Kulkarni, GB TI Methods for evaluating and developing commercial chicken strains free of endogenous subgroup E avian leukosis virus SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS; WHITE LEGHORNS; VIRAL GENES; EGG-PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; RECEPTOR GENE; INFECTION; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION AB The genome of nearly all chickens contains various DNA proviral insertions of retroviruses of subgroup E avian leukosis virus (ALVE). However, the elimination or control of ALVE gene expression is desirable to improve productivity, to improve resistance to avian leukosis virus (ALV)-induced tumours, and to develop safer live virus vaccines in chick embryos and cultured chick cells. Restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction methods are used to define the presence of ALVE genes; and the expression of ALVE in chicken plasma or on cells, and the susceptibility of cells to ALVE is determined by flow cytometry using a specific (R2) antibody. ADOL line 0 chickens have been selected to be free of ALVE genes, while being resistant (i.e. lack receptors to, ALVE), but susceptible to exogenous ALV (i.e. ALVA, ALVB, ALVC and ALVJ). To develop improved line 0-type chickens, ADOL line 0 was outcrossed to a commercial line that had one ALVE gene and evidence for ALVE resistance. Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) challenge was used to confirm resistance of F-1 chickens to ALVE, and susceptibility of F-2 breeders to ALVA and ALVB using test chicks produced by matings to line 7(2). Selected F-2 breeders were resistant to ALVE, but susceptible to exogenous ALVA, ALVB, ALVC and ALVJ, based on challenge tests of progeny chick cells using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The new line, 0(1), has evidence for improved egg size, productivity, fertility and hatchability. Similar procedures may be used for development of productive ALVE free chicken lines with preferred ALV susceptibility traits. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Hy Line Int, Dallas Ctr, IA 50063 USA. RP Bacon, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM baconld@msu.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1080/0307943042000195731 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 818KF UT WOS:000221243300019 PM 15276994 ER PT J AU Williams, L Price, LD AF Williams, L Price, LD TI A space-efficient contact toxicity bioassay for minute Hymenoptera, used to test the effects of novel and conventional insecticides on the egg parasitoids Anaphes iole and Trichogramma pretiosum SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Anaphes iole; biological control; Hymenoptera : Mymaridae; Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae; imidacloprid; parasitoids; pesticide bioassay; spinosad; thiamethoxam; Trichogramma pretiosum ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; WORKING GROUP PESTICIDES; BENEFICIAL ORGANISMS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ALEYRODIDAE; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; COCCINELLIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; COLEOPTERA AB We developed and tested a novel bioassay method for assessment of contact residues of pesticides to minute Hymenoptera. This method maintained a plant-toxin-insect interface representative of natural conditions in the field or greenhouse, and was space-efficient. The procedure was useful in studies with both foliar residues and systemic uptake. Furthermore, the method was relatively straightforward, easy to setup, and inexpensive. Tests with the egg parasitoids Anaphes iole Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) confirmed that this method provided consistent, repeatable assessment of concentration- response relationships for several insecticide classes. Other researchers studying pesticide effects on minute Hymenoptera might find this bioassay method helpful, especially in situations where space is limited. We discovered differential susceptibility of these parasitoids to spinosad, thiamethoxam, and oxamyl. The order of toxicity for A. iole was spinosad> thiamethoxam> oxamyl, and for T. pretiosum was thiamethoxam> spinosad> oxamyl. Our results underscored the danger of generalizing pesticide effects across even closely related insects, and demonstrated that novel 'selective' insecticides are highly toxic to A. iole and T. pretiosum. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM lwilliams@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 163 EP 185 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 777WW UT WOS:000189207700004 ER PT J AU Griffin, TS Porter, GA AF Griffin, TS Porter, GA TI Altering soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in intensively tilled two-year rotations SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE soil microbial biomass carbon; soil microbial biomass nitrogen; particulate organic matter ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON; ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION-INCUBATION; NO-TILLAGE SOILS; FINE SANDY LOAM; CROPPING SYSTEMS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; COVER CROPS; SHORT-TERM AB Information is needed on the ability of different crop management factors to maintain or increase soil C and N pools, especially in intensively tilled short crop rotations. Soil samples from field experiments in Maine were used to assess the effect of cover crop, green manure (GM) crop, and intermittent or annual amendment on soil C and N pools. These field experiments, of 6-13 years' duration, were all characterized by a 2-year rotation with either sweet corn (Zea mays L.) or potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and primary tillage each year. Total, particulate organic matter (POM), and soil microbial biomass (SMB)-C and -N pools were assessed for each experiment. Total C and N stocks were not affected by red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cover crop or legume GM, but were increased by 25-53% via a single application of papermill sludge or an annual manure and/or compost amendment. With the exception of continuous potato production which dramatically reduced the SMB-C and SMB-N concentration, SMB-C and -N were minimally affected by changes in cropping sequence, but were quite sensitive to amendments, even those that were primarily C. POM-C and -N, associated with the coarse mineral fraction (53-2,000 mum), were more responsive to management factors compared to total C and N in soil. The change in soil C fractions was a linear function of increasing C supply, across all experiments and treatments. Within these intensively tilled, 2-year crop rotations, substantial C and N inputs from amendments are needed to significantly alter soil C and N pools, although cropping sequence changes can influence more labile pools responsible for nutrient cycling. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Griffin, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM tgriffin@maine.edu NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 366 EP 374 DI 10.1007/s00374-004-0725-7 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 817SK UT WOS:000221197000009 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Lizotte, RE Cooper, CM Smith, S Knight, SS AF Moore, MT Lizotte, RE Cooper, CM Smith, S Knight, SS TI Survival and growth of Hyalella azteca exposed to three Mississippi Oxbow lake Sediments SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; COMPARATIVE TOXICITY; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; ATRAZINE; INVERTEBRATES; CONTAMINATION; INSECTICIDES; CHLORPYRIFOS; DIELDRIN; LARVAE C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 72 IS 4 BP 777 EP 783 DI 10.1007/s00464-004-0312-x PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 809WG UT WOS:000220666200018 PM 15199993 ER PT J AU Homan, HJ Linz, GM Engeman, RM Penry, LB AF Homan, HJ Linz, GM Engeman, RM Penry, LB TI Spring dispersal patterns of red-winged blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus, staging in eastern South Dakota SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; Red-winged Blackbird; breeding range; color-marking; dispersal patterns; northern Great Plains; spring migration; sunflower damage ID MIGRATION PATTERNS; NORTH-DAKOTA; ROOSTS; POPULATION; SUNFLOWER; IMPACT; DAMAGE; BIRDS AB Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) are very abundant summer residents throughout the Prairie Pothole Region of central North America. In late summer they assemble in post-breeding flocks that cause significant amounts of agricultural damage, particularly in sunflower fields near natal sites. In April 200 1, we aerially color-marked similar to 370 000 Red-winged Blackbirds near Badger, South Dakota (44 degrees 48'N, 97 degrees 21'W), to determine if migrants staging here were summer residents in sunflower production areas similar to 350 km to the northwest. We measured patterns of migratory dispersal by collecting birds in 54 randomly selected blocks in the northcentral U.S. and the Prairie Provinces of Canada. The marked specimens (n = 33) were categorized into three polygons based on analyses of banding and re-sighting data and proximity to concentrated sunflower production. We estimated that 82 % of the migrants that had staged in eastern South Dakota resided within or on the periphery of the sunflower growing area. These birds probably stay near their breeding territories until at least late August and cause early damage to sunflower, which comprises the majority of damage. Resident birds in Alberta and most of Saskatchewan (18 %) might arrive too late in the damage season to impact the sunflower crop significantly. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Homan, HJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 2110 Miriam Circle, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 118 IS 2 BP 201 EP 209 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 927NL UT WOS:000229200500009 ER PT J AU Silletti, AM Knapp, AK Blair, JM AF Silletti, AM Knapp, AK Blair, JM TI Competition and coexistence in grassland codominants: responses to neighbour removal and resource availability SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Andropogon gerardii; competition; grassland; neighbour removal; photosynthesis; Sorghastrum nutans; tallgrass prairie ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SORGHASTRUM-NUTANS; ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; PERENNIAL GRASSES; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PLANT; DOMINANT; FIRE AB We examined the role of interspecific competition in the regulation of abundance and coexistence of the dominant grasses in tallgrass prairie using a removal experiment with Andropogon gerardii Vitman and Sorghastrum nutans L. Nash, two of the most abundant grasses in tallgrass prairie. Plant removal treatments (using foliar herbicide). applied to 0.3-m(2) plots at the Konza Prairie Biological Station (northeast Kansas, USA), included removal of all A. gerardii, removal of all S. nutans, and no removal. To determine whether soil fertility altered the outcome, we included a fertilizer addition treatment (10 g N.m(-2)) fully crossed with the removal treatments. Andropogon gerardii removal resulted in significantly increased net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and tiller mass in S. nutans. Sorghastrum nutans removal had little effect on A. gerardii, suggesting asymmetric competition. Fertilizer significantly increased tiller mass and flowering stalk production in S. nutans, but had little effect on A. gerardii. The ability of A. gerardii to suppress the performance of S. nutans is consistent with the greater abundance of A. gerardii over much of the tallgrass prairie, while the ability of S. nutans to take advantage of increased resources may be one mechanism by which it avoids competitive exclusion. Because of the greater variability in the performance of S. nutans than in that of A. gerardii, any natural or anthropogenic alterations to this grassland that lead to shifts in dominance between these species may affect ecosystem productivity and stability. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Silletti, AM (reprint author), Clemson Univ, So Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv,Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM asilletti@fs.fed.us RI Knapp, Alan/A-2931-2008; Blair, John/I-4082-2014 OI Blair, John/0000-0003-0072-0721 NR 56 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 10 U2 24 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD APR PY 2004 VL 82 IS 4 BP 450 EP 460 DI 10.1139/B04-016 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 829GL UT WOS:000222035300005 ER PT J AU Clancy, KM Chen, Z Kolb, TE AF Clancy, KM Chen, Z Kolb, TE TI Foliar nutrients and induced susceptibility: genetic mechanisms of Douglas-fir resistance to western spruce budworm defoliation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY; ARTIFICIAL DIETS; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; GROWTH; PHENOLOGY; HERBIVORY; SEEDLINGS; TERPENES AB We conducted greenhouse defoliation experiments with clones of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) over 3 years to assess the role of foliar nutrients as a resistance mechanism to western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) defoliation. The grafted clones were derived from mature trees (i.e., ortets) that showed resistance or susceptibility to budworm defoliation in the forest. Current-year foliage was analyzed for concentrations of nitrogen (N), sugars (sucrose + fructose + glucose), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). We computed rank correlations between foliar nutrient levels in the ortets and their corresponding clones to test the null hypothesis that foliar chemistry does not have a genetic basis (H(0)1). Foliar concentrations of sugars and P were under genetic control to some degree, but concentrations of other nutrients were not. We used analysis of variance to test the null hypotheses that foliar chemistry does not change in response to budworm defoliation (H(0)2) and that it is not different between resistant and susceptible clones (H(0)3). We rejected H(0)2 for sugars, P, K, Mn, and Zn; defoliation by the budworm changed levels of these nutrients and had divergent effects on concentrations of P, K, and Zn in resistant clones. We concluded that induced susceptibility, whereby defoliation alters foliar nutrients to make trees more favorable for insect feeding, appears to be an important determinant of Douglas-fir resistance to the western spruce budworm. Failure to reject H(0)3 implies that previously reported differences between the foliar nutrient levels in resistant Douglas-firs and those in susceptible Douglas-firs in the forest are probably caused by induced susceptibility. C1 USDA Forest Serv Res & Dev, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Clancy, KM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv Res & Dev, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM kclancy@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4 BP 939 EP 949 DI 10.1139/X03-264 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 818FW UT WOS:000221232000018 ER PT J AU Deal, RL Hennon, PE Orlikowska, EH D'Amore, DV AF Deal, RL Hennon, PE Orlikowska, EH D'Amore, DV TI Stand dynamics of mixed red alder-conifer forests of southeast Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN HEMLOCK FORESTS; SITKA SPRUCE; SPECIES COMPOSITION; HARDWOOD FORESTS; TREE; GROWTH; DEER AB Stand structure and dynamics were evaluated in mixed red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) - conifer forests of southeast Alaska. We assessed stand development, tree density, total basal area, diameter distribution of live and dead trees, height distribution of live trees, and mean diameter of all and largest conifers in 40-year-old red alder - conifer stands that developed following logging. Forty-five plots were established in nine stands sampled across a com po si tional range of 0%-86% alder. Alder height growth was initially rapid then slowed considerably, whereas conifer height growth was initially slow then rapidly increased with conifers now being 4-9 m taller than associated alders. Most alder diameters were 20-30 cm and conifer diameters were more variable with numerous small (3-10 cm) and a few large (>25 cm) trees. Total stand basal area significantly decreased (p = 0.013) with increasing proportions of alder, but density of live and dead trees was not closely associated with alder composition. More than 60% of all dead trees died standing regardless of size or species. Overall, these mixed red alder - conifer stands provided more heterogeneous structures than pure conifer stands, with more even diameter distributions, multiple canopy layers, and similar numbers of large diameter conifers. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Deal, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM rdeal@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4 BP 969 EP 980 DI 10.1139/X04-002 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 818FW UT WOS:000221232000021 ER PT J AU Cohen, MF Han, XY Mazzola, M AF Cohen, MF Han, XY Mazzola, M TI Molecular and physiological comparison of Azospirillum spp. isolated from Rhizoctonia solani mycelia, wheat rhizosphere, and human skin wounds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Azospirillum brasilense; Roseomonas fauriae; flocculation; Rhizoctonia solani ID NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA; APPLE REPLANT DISEASE; GENUS AZOSPIRILLUM; SP-NOV; BRASILENSE; IDENTIFICATION; FLOCCULATION; ROSEOMONAS; DIVERSITY; LIPOFERUM AB Four phenotypically similar bacterial strains isolated from fungal, plant, and human sources were identified as Azospirillum species. Strains RC1 and LOD4 were isolated from the mycelium of the apple root pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG 5 and from the rhizosphere of wheat grown in apple orchard soil, respectively. Strains C610 and F4626 isolated from human wounds were previously misclassified as Roseomonas genomospecies 3 and 6. All four strains demonstrated close similarities in 16S rRNA gene sequences, having greater than or equal to97% identity to Azospirillum brasilense type strain ATCC 29145 and <90% identity to Roseomonas gilardii, the Roseomonas type strain. Extensive phenotypic similarities among the four strains included the ability of free-living cells to fix N-2. Cells of strains RC1, LOD4, and C610 but not of strain F4626 could be induced to flocculate by incubation with 10 mmol.L-1 glycerol or fructose in medium containing 0.5 mmol.L-1 NO3- Our results indicate a wide range of potential sources for Azospirillum spp. with the isolation of Azospirillum spp. from human wounds warranting further investigation. C1 ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Unit 84, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 4 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1139/W04-007 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 827WP UT WOS:000221934700007 PM 15209350 ER PT J AU Clapham, WM Fedders, JM AF Clapham, WM Fedders, JM TI Modeling vegetative development of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) as a function of growing degree days using linear regression and neural networks SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE berseem clover; plant development; phenology modeling; growing degree days; base temperature; neural network modeling ID TEMPERATURE; PHOTOPERIOD; QUALITY; WHEAT AB Accurate models of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) development in relation to growing degree-days (GDD) would be useful to both producers and researchers. Predictive ability of linear regression models of plant development may be limited by choice of threshold temperature and the non-linear nature of plant development. Neural networks provide a robust approach to dealing with non-linearity, and may therefore be useful for modeling plant development. In exp. 1, a numerical scale of plant development was created and used to describe growth of four cultivars of berseem clover (Bigbee, Joe Burton, Saidi and Tabor) under controlled environmental conditions (constant temperature of 12, 18 or 24degreesC per 12-h photoperiod) for up to 18 wk of vegetative growth. Simple linear regression and neural networks were used to model plant development in relation to GDD using a range of threshold temperatures. Predictive ability of the models was compared with the results from a second controlled environment study (exp. 2). The r(2) of the linear and neural models produced in exp. I were maximized at GDD threshold temperatures of 0 to 2degreesC. Results from exp. 2 indicated that the predictive ability of neural models matched or exceeded that of the linear models for all threshold temperatures evaluated. Results of the current study suggests that neural network models are relatively insensitive to base temperatures across the range tested and may therefore be preferable when a priori knowledge of temperature thresholds is not available. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Clapham, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM william.clapham@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 84 IS 2 BP 511 EP 517 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 830RB UT WOS:000222139300011 ER PT J AU Chandler, MA Fritz, VA Allmaras, RR AF Chandler, MA Fritz, VA Allmaras, RR TI Response of Aphanomyces euteiches mycelia, zoospore, and oospore to oat extract SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE root rot; biological control; green manure; Pisum sativum ID ROOT-ROT; PEAS; VARIABILITY; WEEDS AB Root rot (Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs.) is a serious economic threat to pea (Pisum sativum L.) production. Research has shown a late-summer-seeded oat (Avena sativa L.) crop can reduce disease severity. A. euteiches was exposed to extracts of oat cvs. Bay and Ogle. Oat extract significantly enhanced mycelial growth of the pathogen. C1 Univ Minnesota, So Res & Outreach Ctr, Waseca, MN 56093 USA. ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Fritz, VA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, So Res & Outreach Ctr, 35838 120th St, Waseca, MN 56093 USA. EM vafritz@umn.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 84 IS 2 BP 687 EP 690 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 830RB UT WOS:000222139300029 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Stasko, J Rupprecht, CE AF Hamir, AN Stasko, J Rupprecht, CE TI Observation of Helicobacter-like organisms in gastric mucosa of grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and bobcats (Lynx rufus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID PYLORI; BACTERIA AB Archival specimens of gastric mucosa of 10 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 9 porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum), 6 grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), 6 bobcats (Lynx rufus), 4 skunks (Mephitis mephitis), and 3 black bears (Ursus americanus) were microscopically examined for evidence of Helicobacter-like organisms. Such organisms were seen in the specimens from the grey foxes and bobcats only. Histochemical stains (modified Steiner and carbol fuchsin methods) revealed long spiral organisms within lumina of gastric glands; however, neither gross nor microscopic lesions were observed. By electron microscopy (EM), the organisms were found to be free in the glandular lumina and were seen occasionally in the cytoplasm of gastric epithelial cells. Morphologically, 2 different phenotypes of spiral organisms were identified by EM. The organisms associated with bobcats appeared to be more tightly coiled than those seen in grey foxes. The presence of Helicobacter-like organisms in the gastric mucosa of grey foxes has not previously been described. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ahamir@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 154 EP 156 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 819UK UT WOS:000221341200013 PM 15188962 ER PT J AU Grubman, MJ Baxt, B AF Grubman, MJ Baxt, B TI Foot-and-mouth disease SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RIBOSOME ENTRY SITE; ACTING REPLICATION ELEMENT; ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS-RNA; TRANSLATION INITIATION SITE; TRACT-BINDING-PROTEIN; NEGATIVE-STRAND RNA; DEFECTIVE-INTERFERING PARTICLES; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; 5' NONCODING REGION; INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANE REARRANGEMENTS AB Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The disease was initially described in the 16th century and was the first animal pathogen identified as a virus. Recent FMD outbreaks in developed countries and their significant economic impact have increased the concern of governments worldwide. This review describes the reemergence of FMD in developed countries that had been disease free for many years and the effect that this has had on disease control strategies. The etiologic agent, FMD virus (FMDV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is examined in detail at the genetic, structural, and biochemical levels and in terms of its antigenic diversity. The virus replication cycle, including virus-receptor interactions as well as unique aspects of virus translation and shutoff of host macromolecular synthesis, is discussed. This information has been the basis for the development of improved protocols to rapidly identify disease outbreaks, to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals, and to begin to identify and test novel vaccine candidates. Furthermore, this knowledge, coupled with the ability to manipulate FMDV genomes at the molecular level, has provided the framework for examination of disease pathogenesis and the development of a more complete understanding of the virus and host factors involved. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, POB 848,N Atlantic Area, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM mgrubman@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 489 TC 469 Z9 563 U1 15 U2 85 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD APR PY 2004 VL 17 IS 2 BP 465 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.17.2.465-493.2004 PG 30 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 814JX UT WOS:000220972100011 PM 15084510 ER PT J AU Sikora, LJ AF Sikora, LJ TI Effect of industrial byproducts containing high aluminum or iron levels on plant residue decomposition SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE alum; lime; soybean residue; salinity ID WATER-TREATMENT RESIDUALS; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; POULTRY MANURE; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; ION REMOVAL; RICH; COPRODUCT; KINETICS; SOILS AB Excess phosphorus (P) in soils is a result of manure and fertilizer additions that exceeded crop P requirements. Reducing or eliminating future P fertilizer additions or manures is one method of remediation. Another would be to treat manures or soils with byproducts that contain iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), or calcium (Ca) that adsorb P readily. A study was conducted in which two industrial byproducts and C-14-labeled soybean leaves and stems were added to two soils and soil organic matter and residue decomposition were monitored. Water treatment residue (WTR) containing high Al content and iron-rich residue (IRR) were added to Sassafras and Matapeake soils at rates from 0.5 to 10.0g kg(-1) soil. Lime (CaO) was added as a treatment to determine the effect of increased pH. Additions of WTR to either soil did not affect decomposition of C-14-labeled soybean leaves and stems, soil organic matter decomposition recorded by total CO, evolution or residual soil C-14. Addition of IRR affected decomposition of C-14-labeled Soybean leaves and stems. soil organic matter decomposition recorded by total CO, and residual Soil C-14. Although no one factor explained the effects on decomposition, salinity may be a factor as well as pH. Lime addition corrected the low soil organic matter decomposition Lis a result of the 10g kg(-1) IRR amendment. Lime also reduced salinity about 20%. Remediation of high P soils or treatment of manure is beneficial, but additional tests on biological effects oil industrial byproduct addition may be necessary. C1 ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Sikora, LJ (reprint author), Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Bldg 306,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sikoral@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD APR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 7-8 BP 921 EP 936 DI 10.1081/CSS-120030564 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 816PJ UT WOS:000221121500002 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Williams, MJ Coleman, SW AF Sigua, GC Williams, MJ Coleman, SW TI Levels and changes of soil phosphorus in subtropical beef cattle pastures SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; subtropics; beef cattle; pasture management; phosphorus fertilization; nutrient balance ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; GRAZING IMPACTS; NUTRIENT; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; FLORIDA; CARBON AB Long-term pasture management is believed to change soil chemical properties, but little is known about whether pasture management, such as fertilizer application, grazing, or haying can initiate such change in sandy and well-drained subtropical beef pastures. The objective of this study was to investigate the long term effect of pasture management (grazing + haying, GZ+HY) on soil phosphorus (P) dynamics (levels and changes) in subtropical beef cattle pastures with bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum) and rhizoma peanut (RP., Arachis glabrata) with (WP) or without (WNP) P fertilization in Brooksville, FL from 1988 to 2000. Soil P dynamics in Subtropical Agricultural Research Station (STARS) was significantly affected by P fertilization (p < 0.001) and pasture management (p < 0.0001). The soil P levels across years from the fertilized fields of 119.0 +/- 4.9 mg kg(-1) was significantly higher than those pasture fields with no P fertilization (62.8 +/- 7.8 mg kg(-1)). However, during the past 12 years, there was no P build up despite of the annual application of P-containing fertilizers in addition to the daily in-field loading of animal waste bi-products like fecals and urine. The average soil test values for P in STARS had declined by about 28.3%. The soil test values of P in BG-GZ was about 23% higher than that of BG-GZ + HY, suggesting that GZ followed by HY could have lowered levels of soil P. Soil testing program in the station should continue to measure the amount of soil P that is proportional to what is available to BG and RP, and also continue looking at alternative soil P tests that are better predictors of the loss and/or build up of total and dissolved P to soil and water systems. C1 ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gcsigua@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD APR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 7-8 BP 975 EP 990 DI 10.1081/CSS-120030573 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 816PJ UT WOS:000221121500006 ER PT J AU Knapp, S Bohs, L Nee, M Spooner, DM AF Knapp, S Bohs, L Nee, M Spooner, DM TI Solanaceae - a model for linking genomics with biodiversity SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE solanaceae; phylogeny; taxonomy; genomics potato; tomato; tobacco; Solanum ID PETUNIA; SYSTEMATICS; ONTOLOGIES; GENES AB Recent progress in understanding the phylogeny of the economically important plant family Solanaceae makes this an ideal time to develop models for linking the new data on plant genomics with the huge diversity of naturally occurring species in the family. Phylogenetics provides the framework with which to investigate these linkages but, critically, good species-level descriptive resources for the Solanaceae community are currently missing. Phylogeny in the family as a whole is briefly reviewed, and the new NSF Planetary Biodiversity Inventories project 'PBI: Solanum - a worldwide treatment' is described. The aims of this project are to provide species-level information across the global scope of the genus Solanum and to make this available over the Internet. The project is in its infancy, but will make available nomenclatural information, descriptions, keys and illustrative material for all of the approximately 1500 species of Solanum. With this project, the opportunity of linking valid, up-to-date taxonomic information about wild species of Solanum with the genomic information being generated about the economically important species of the genus (potato, tomato and eggplant) can be realized. The phylogenetic framework in which the PBI project is set is also of enormous potential benefit to other workers on Solanum. The community of biologists working with Solanaceae has a unique opportunity to effectively link genomics and taxonomy for better understanding of this important family, taking plant biology to a new level for the next century. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Bot, London SW7 5BD, England. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. New York Bot Garden, Herbarium, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Knapp, S (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Bot, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk RI Knapp, Sandra/A-4856-2011 OI Knapp, Sandra/0000-0001-7698-3945 NR 25 TC 79 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1531-6912 J9 COMP FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PD APR PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1002/cfg.393 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 825UM UT WOS:000221783900011 PM 18629162 ER PT J AU Poss, JA Russell, WB Shouse, PJ Austin, RS Grattan, SR Grieve, CM Lieth, JH Zeng, L AF Poss, JA Russell, WB Shouse, PJ Austin, RS Grattan, SR Grieve, CM Lieth, JH Zeng, L TI A volumetric lysimeter system (VLS): an alternative to weighing lysimeters for plant-water relations studies SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; drought; evapotranspiration; lysimeter; salinity; wheatgrass ID SALT TOLERANCE; BORON STRESS; SALINITY; GROWTH AB A closed, recirculating volumetric lysimeter system (VLS) consisting of 24 experimental plant growth units was constructed. The VLS measured irrigation and drainage volumes with pressure transducer trace analysis of irrigation reservoir/sump water elevation. To estimate crop evapotranspiration (ET), changes in soil moisture storage in the plant growth boxes were obtained with neutron probe measurements and were combined with the transducer data to estimate the complete water balance measurement of crop ET. Automated tensiometers, temperature sensors, and four-electrode salinity sensors were installed to monitor soil matric potential, temperature, and electrical conductivity of drainage waters, respectively, 10 times per hour. Plant response to evaporative demand was characterized with a high degree of resolution with the VLS transducer estimated ET detection of approximately 0.1 rum. The VLS provided rapid, reliable, and field-transferable research information. This provided us with the statistical power to compare variables of interest to study the interaction of water quality and quantity on plant ET. Data obtained from the VLS during the cultivation of two crops, alfalfa and tall wheatgrass, under various salinity and water stress treatments were analyzed with a response surface regression model. The model was able to attribute at least 89% of the variation in ET for each crop to salinity and applied water treatments. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM jposs@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD APR PY 2004 VL 43 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2003.10.001 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 806PF UT WOS:000220445100004 ER PT J AU Daehler, CC Denslow, JS Ansari, S Kuo, HC AF Daehler, CC Denslow, JS Ansari, S Kuo, HC TI A risk-assessment system for screening out invasive pest plants from Hawaii and other Pacific Islands SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRODUCTIONS; INVASIBILITY; WEEDS AB Ecosystems of Hawaii and other Pacific Islands have been greatly affected by invasive pest plants, and ongoing, deliberate plant introductions make it likely that additional pest plants will become established. We tested the ability of a modified version of the Australian and New Zealand weed risk-assessment system to identify pest plants in Hawaii and other Pacific Islands. We used information taken from outside Hawaii to predict the behavior-"pest" or "not a pest"-of almost 200 plant species introduced to Hawaii and other Pacific Islands. The screening system initially recommended further evaluation of 24% of these species, but an additional secondary screening was applied to this group, thereby reducing the rate of indecision to only 8%. To independently test the accuracy of the screening system, we compared its decisions-pest or not a pest-to opinions of 25 expert botanists and weed scientists who bad substantial field experience in Hawaii or other Pacific Islands. We asked the experts to rate each species as "major pest," "minor pest," or "not a pest" in native or managed ecosystems. The screening system correctly identified 95% of major pests and 85% of nonpests. Among minor pests identified by the experts, 33% were classified as nonpests by the screening system. Use of the screening system to assess proposed plant introductions to Hawaii or other Pacific Islands and to identify high-risk species used in horticulture and forestry would greatly reduce future pest-plant problems and allow entry of most nonpests. The screening process is objective, rapid, and cost-efficient. With minor modifications, it is likely to be useful in many parts of the world. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Daehler, CC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM daehler@hawaii.edu NR 38 TC 162 Z9 187 U1 9 U2 65 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 360 EP 368 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00066.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 808KF UT WOS:000220567300012 ER PT J AU Lipow, SR Vance-Borland, K St Clair, JB Henderson, J McCain, C AF Lipow, SR Vance-Borland, K St Clair, JB Henderson, J McCain, C TI Gap analysis of conserved genetic resources for forest trees SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB We developed a gap analysis approach to evaluate whether the genetic resources conserved in situ in protected areas are adequate for conifers in western Oregon and Washington (U.S.A.). We developed geographic information system layers that detail the location of protected areas and the distribution and abundance of each tree species (noble fir [Abies procera Rehd.] and Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menzeisii Mirb.]). Distribution and abundance were inferred from available spatial data showing modeled potential and actual vegetation. We stratified the distribution of each species into units for genetic analysis using seed and breeding zones and ecoregions. Most strata contained at least 5000 reproductive-age individuals in protected areas, indicating that genetic resources were well protected in situ throughout most of the study region. Strict in situ protection was limited, however, for noble fir in the Willapa Hills of southwestern Washington. An in situ genetic resource gap arguably occurred for Douglas-fir in the southern Puget lowlands, but this gap was filled by extensive ex situ genetic resources from the same region. The gap analysis method was an effective tool for evaluating the genetic resources of forest trees across a large region. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Supervisors Off, Mt Baker Snoqualmie Natl Forest, Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043 USA. US Forest Serv, Siuslaw Natl Forest, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. RP Lipow, SR (reprint author), Oregon Dept Forestry, 2600 State St, Salem, OR 97310 USA. EM lipow@odf.state.or.us NR 28 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 412 EP 423 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00072.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 808KF UT WOS:000220567300019 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Mooser, V AF Ordovas, JM Mooser, V TI Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE; DIETARY-FAT INTAKE; POSTPRANDIAL LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; EXPLOITING SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; GENE-NUTRIENT INTERACTION; NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE; SHORT HISTORY; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; LIPID-METABOLISM; PLASMA-LIPIDS AB Purpose of review Nutritional genomics has tremendous potential to change the future of dietary guidelines and personal recommendations. Nutritional genomics covers nutrigenomics, which explores the effects of nutrients on the genome, proteome and metabolome, and nutrigenetics, the major goal of which is to elucidate the effect of genetic variation on the interaction between diet and disease. Nutrigenetics has been used for decades in certain rare monogenic diseases such as phenylketonuria, and it has the potential to provide a basis for personalized dietary recommendations based on the individual's genetic makeup in order to prevent common multifactorial disorders decades before their clinical manifestation. Recent findings Preliminary results regarding gene-diet interactions in cardiovascular diseases are for the most part inconclusive because of the limitations of current experimental designs. Success in this area will require the integration of various disciplines, and will require investigators to work on large population studies that are designed to investigate gene-environment interactions. Summary Based on the current knowledge, we anticipate that in the future we will be able to harness the information contained in our genomes to achieve successful aging using behavioral changes, with nutrition being the cornerstone of this endeavor. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. GlaxoSmithKline, King Of Prussia, PA USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 56 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD APR PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1097/01.mol.0000124521.75650.dd PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 809RK UT WOS:000220653600002 PM 15017352 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Barrett, JB Kraeling, RR AF Barb, CR Barrett, JB Kraeling, RR TI Role of leptin in modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and luteinizing hormone secretion in the prepuberal gilt SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leptin; luteinizing hormone; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; pig ID RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y RELEASE; OBESE GENE-PRODUCT; NORMAL FEMALE MICE; GROWTH-HORMONE; NEUROENDOCRINE FUNCTION; RAT HYPOTHALAMUS; CENTRAL INFUSION; LH-SECRETION; FOOD-INTAKE AB Three experiments (EXP) were conducted to test the hypothesis that leptin modulates LH, GnRH, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) secretion. In EXP 1, prepuberal gilts received intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) leptin injections and blood samples were collected. In EXP 11, anterior pituitary cells from prepuberal gilts in primary culture were challenged with 10(-14), 10(-13), 10(-12), 10(-11), 10(-10), 10(-9), 10(-8),10(-7), or 10(-6) M leptin individually or in combinations with 10(-10), 10(-9), and 10(-8) M GnRH. In EXP III, hypothalamic-preoptic area (HYP-POA) explants were placed in perfusion system and exposed to 0 (n = 5), 10(-12) M (n = 4), 10(-10) M (n = 4), 10(-8) M (n = 4), or 10(-6) M (n = 5) human recombinant leptin (LEP) for 30 min. In EXP I, serum LH concentrations were unaffected by leptin treatment. In EXP II, all doses of leptin increased LH secretion except for 10(-12) and 10(-7) M. Only 10(-7), or 10(-13) M leptin in combination with 10(-8) or 10(-9) M GnRH, respectively, suppressed LH secretion. In EXP III, prior to leptin, media GnRH concentrations were similar across treatments. Media GnRH concentrations increased after 10(-12), 10(-10), and 10(-8) M leptin compared to control. Leptin treatment failed to influence NPY secretion across treatments. These results indicate that components of the neuroendocrine axis that regulate GnRH and LH secretion are functional and leptin sensitive before the onset of puberty. Other neural peptides in addition to NPY may mediate the acute effects of leptin on the GnRH-LH system and lastly, the inability of i.c.v. leptin treatment to increase LH secretion may in pan be related to stage of sexual maturation and associated change in negative feedback action of estradiol on LH secretion. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM rbarb@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 26 IS 3 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2003.10.004 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 800GV UT WOS:000220017800003 PM 15036375 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Small, BC AF Peterson, BC Small, BC TI Effects of fasting on circulating IGF-binding proteins, glucose, and cortisol in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fasting; insulin-like growth factor binding protein; cortisol ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; MORONE-SAXATILIS; STRIPED BASS; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS; FACTOR SYSTEM; INSULIN; SERUM; FISH; HORMONE AB The effects of fasting on IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), glucose, and cortisol in channel catfish were examined. Fed fish (controls) were compared to 14-, 30-, and 45-day fasted fish and 45-day fasted fish refed for 15 additional days. Body length and weight changes, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and plasma glucose and cortisol were assessed to determine growth and metabolic status. Body length and growth rates were inhibited (P < 0.05) after 14, 30, and 45 days of fasting. The 14-, 30-, and 45-day fasted fish exhibited hypoglycemia and reduced CF and HSI. Cortisol levels were increased (22.8 +/- 15.2 ng/ml versus 4.7 +/- 3.9 ng/ml) in 30-day fasted fish compared to fed controls (P < 0.05). Associated with the increase in cortisol in fasted fish was a concomitant increase in plasma levels of a 20-kDa IGFBP through day 45. A 35- and a 45-kDa IGFBP were also identified but were similar between fed and unfed fish throughout the experiment. At the end of 15 days of refeeding, 20-kDa IGFBP, glucose, and cortisol levels were similar to fed controls. Refeeding also caused an increase in growth rates. These results suggest the existence of a catfish counter part to mammalian IGFBP-1, similar to lower molecular mass IGFBPs reported in other species of fish. These results also suggest that a 20-kDa IGFBP is upregulated during fasting-induced growth inhibition of channel catfish and provide additional evidence of the conserved nature of the IGF-IGFBP-growth axis in fish. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Peterson, BC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bpeterson@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 47 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 26 IS 3 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2003.10.005 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 800GV UT WOS:000220017800005 PM 15036377 ER PT J AU Edwards, TC Cutler, DR Geiser, L Alegria, J McKenzie, D AF Edwards, TC Cutler, DR Geiser, L Alegria, J McKenzie, D TI Assessing rarity of species with low detectability: Lichens in Pacific Northwest forests SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE inventory estimation; lichens; Northwest Forest Plan; old-growth forests; sample designs; species rarity ID DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; NATURAL-RESOURCES; POWER ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; DESIGN; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; PERSPECTIVES; COMMUNITIES AB We show how simple statistical analyses of systematically collected inventory data can be used to provide reliable information about the distribution and habitat associations of rare species. Using an existing design-based sampling grid on which epiphytic macrolichens had been inventoried in the Northwest Forest Plan area of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, we (1) estimate frequencies and standard errors for each of 25 lichen species having special management designation (i.e., Survey and Manage), (2) assess the probability that individual. species were associated with specific land allocation and forest stand age classifications, and (3) provide estimates of sample sizes necessary to ensure sufficient detections for these analyses. We conclude with a discussion of management and conservation information needs that extant data can satisfy and identify advantages and limitations of random vs. nonrandom sampling strategies. Combining design-assisted and model-assisted approaches can overcome some of the limitations of either single strategy. C1 Utah State Univ, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. BLM, Oregon State Off, Portland, OR 97204 USA. US EPA, ORD Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Edwards, TC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tce@nr.usu.edu NR 49 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 414 EP 424 DI 10.1890/02-5236 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805UZ UT WOS:000220392500009 ER PT J AU Hessl, AE McKenzie, D Schellhaas, R AF Hessl, AE McKenzie, D Schellhaas, R TI Drought and Pacific Decadal Oscillation linked to fire occurrence in the inland Pacific Northwest SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate; cross-spectral; drought; ENSO (El Nino/Southern Oscillation); fire history; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Pacific Northwest; Pinus ponderosa; SEA (superposed epoch analysis) ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SUPERPOSED EPOCH ANALYSIS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; HISTORY; PRECIPITATION; REGIMES AB Historical variability of fire regimes must be understood within the context of climatic and human drivers of disturbance occurring at multiple temporal scales. We describe the relationship between fire occurrence and interannual to decadal climatic variability (Palmer Drought Severity Index [PDSI], El Nino/Southern Oscillation [ENSO], and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation [PDO]) and explain how land use changes in the 20th century affected these relationships. We used 1701 fire-scarred trees collected in five study sites in central and eastern Washington State (USA) to investigate current year, lagged, and low frequency relationships between composite fire histories and PDSI, PDO, and ENSO (using the Southern Oscillation Index [SOI] as a measure of ENSO variability) using superposed epoch analysis and cross-spectral analysis. Fires tended to occur during dry summers and during the positive phase of. the PDO. Cross-spectral analysis indicates that percentage of trees scarred by fire and the PDO are spectrally coherent at 47 years, the approximate cycle of the PDO. Similarly, percentage scarred and ENSO are spectrally coherent at six years, the approximate cycle of ENSO. However, other results suggest that ENSO was only a weak driver of fire occurrence in the past three centuries. While drought and fire appear to be-tightly linked between 1700 and 1900, the relationship between drought and fire occurrence was disrupted during the 20th century as a result of land use changes. We suggest that long-term fire planning using the PDO may be possible in the Pacific Northwest, potentially allowing decadal-scale management of fire regimes, prescribed fire, and vegetation dynamics. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, Fire & Environm Res Applicat Team, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. US Forest Serv, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Hessl, AE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM ahessl@geo.wvu.edu NR 74 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 41 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 425 EP 442 DI 10.1890/03-5019 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805UZ UT WOS:000220392500010 ER PT J AU Wright, CS Agee, JK AF Wright, CS Agee, JK TI Fire and vegetation history in the eastern Cascade Mountains, Washington SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE dendrochronology; Douglas-fir; ENSO; fire ecology; fire history; fire regime; grand fir; PDSI; ponderosa pine; Washington State (USA) ID PONDEROSA PINE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; FOREST; REGIMES; USA AB Dendrochronological techniques were used to reconstruct a 433-yr fire history, and to characterize the historical fire regime (frequency, size, season, severity) of the Teanaway River drainage in the eastern Cascade Mountains of Washington, USA. General Land Office section corner data were used to reconstruct aspects Of the late-19th-century structure and composition of the forests in the study area. Systematic fire-sear surveys (similar to30 000 ha; 92 sites; 257 fire-scarred cross-sections; 1569 individual fire scars) revealed that fire frequency was quite variable spatially; Weibull median probability intervals ranged from seven to 43 years. Fire extent also varied widely; most fires were relatively small (<1000 ha), although several large fires (>4000 ha) were detected. Mean and median fire sizes were 1795 ha and 988 ha, respectively. Large fires occurred every 27 years, on average (every 11 years, on average, between 1708 and 1889), and coincided with periods of annual and seasonal drought (Palmer Drought Severity Index and winter Southern Oscillation Index). Intervals from 1 to 37 years occurred between fires of >4000 ha. Over 80% of fires occurred late in the growing season, or after the onset of cambial dormancy. Sampling locations in dry forest types (dominated by ponderosa pine) yielded fire-scarred cross-sections with numerous fire scars leading us to infer that most historical fires were of low intensity, leaving the overstory structure intact. This inference is corroborated by the composition and structure of the historical forest, which was characterized by a preponderance of very large (>100-cm diameter) ponderosa pines. Mesic forest types (dominated by grand fir and Douglas-fir) likely exhibited a wider range of fire severities. Moderate and occasional high-severity understory fires or crown fires did occur within the study area, as indicated by the scarcity or lack of fire-scar evidence and the presence of relatively even-aged forests at several mesic forest sites. Historical section corner data indicate that small amounts of these forest types occurred in the study area. Fire frequency and size declined dramatically circa 1900, coincident with the advent of commercial timber harvesting, although most fires, despite their reduced number and size, continued to burn in the late summer or fall. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wright, CS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM cwright@fs.fed.us NR 100 TC 80 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 443 EP 459 DI 10.1890/02-5349 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805UZ UT WOS:000220392500011 ER PT J AU Litton, CM Ryan, MG Knight, DH AF Litton, CM Ryan, MG Knight, DH TI Effects of tree density and stand age on carbon allocation patterns in postfire lodgepole pine SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP); carbon pools, fluxes, and allocation patterns; fire; lodgepole pine; Pinus contorta; total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA); Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SOIL CO2 EFFLUX; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; BOREAL FOREST; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; GLOBAL TREND; FINE-ROOT; RESPIRATION AB Validating the components of the carbon (C) budget in forest ecosystems is essential for developing allocation rules that allow accurate predictions of C pools and fluxes. In addition, a better understanding of the effects of natural disturbances on C cycling is critical, particularly in light of alterations to disturbance regimes that may occur with global climate change. However, quantitative data about how postfire differences in ecosystem structure affect C allocation patterns are lacking. For this study, we examined how above- and belowground C pools, fluxes, and allocation patterns varied with fire-initiated differences in tree density and stand age in lodgepole pine stands in Yellowstone National Park of four forest types: low (< 1000 trees/ha), moderate (7000-40 000 trees/ha), and high tree densities (>50 000 trees/ha) in 13-year-old stands, and in similar to110-year-old mature stands. C pools in live biomass and detritus were estimated with allometric equations and direct sampling. Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) was estimated as aboveground biomass increment plus fine litterfall, and total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA) was estimated using a C balance approach. Our results indicate that the magnitude of C pools and fluxes varies greatly with fire-initiated differences in tree density and stand age. Coarse woody debris and mineral soil carbon accounted for the majority of total ecosystem C in young stands (91-99%), in contrast to mature stands where the largest amount of C was found in live biomass (64%). ANPP and TBCA increased with tree density (mean ANPP was 59, 122, and 156 g C.m(-2)-yr(-1), and TBCA was 68, 237, and 306 g C.m(-2).yr(-1) for low-, moderate-, and high-density young stands, respectively), and with stand age (ANPP was 218 g C.m(-2).yr(-1) and TBCA was 382 g C.m(-2).yr(-1) for 110-year-old stands). ANPP and TBCA were positively correlated, and both variables were well correlated with leaf area index. Notably, the ratio of TBCA to (TBCA + ANPP) remained remarkably constant (0.63-0.66) across extreme gradients of tree density and stand age, differing only slightly for the low-density young stands (0.54). These results suggest that C allocation patterns in a postfire lodgepole pine ecosystem are independent of tree density and stand age. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degreee Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Litton, CM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, POB 3165, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM clitton@fullerton.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 72 TC 63 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 460 EP 475 DI 10.1890/02-5291 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805UZ UT WOS:000220392500012 ER PT J AU Prasifka, JR Heinz, KM Winemiller, KO AF Prasifka, JR Heinz, KM Winemiller, KO TI Crop colonisation, feeding, and reproduction by the predatory beetle, Hippodamia convergens, as indicated by stable carbon isotope analysis SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphididae; Coccinellidae; cotton; lady beetle; sorghum ID INSECT PREDATORS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; ABUNDANCE; RATIOS; DIET; COCCINELLIDAE; PARASITOIDS; DELTA-C-13; MANAGEMENT; COLEOPTERA AB 1. Habitat management to enhance natural enemy populations in agricultural systems may help regulate levels of crop pests, but little research addresses the behaviour of immigrating beneficial insects. 2. Stable carbon isotopes were used in complementary laboratory and field studies to examine colonisation behaviour of an ephemeral agricultural habitat by the lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville. 3. Under laboratory conditions, H. convergens carbon isotope ratios, delta(13)C, changed after its food supply was shifted from a C-4- to a C-3-based diet of aphids produced on grain sorghum or cotton respectively. Final isotope ratios of adult H. convergens were closer to that of the new C-3-based diet, with most change in delta(13)C occurring within 3 days after the diet shift. 4. The carbon isotope ratios of lady beetle adults collected in cotton fields suggested that grain sorghum was a continuous source for H. convergens until many nearby sorghum fields matured and senesced. 5. When cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) prey were absent, carbon isotope ratios of beetle populations did not change over time and virtually no egg production by H. convergens was detected. This indicates that beetles were feeding little on non-aphid resources originating in cotton. 6. With cotton aphids present, beetle isotope ratios decreased towards the carbon isotope ratio of cotton, indicating adult feeding in cotton. As a result, egg masses produced had carbon isotope ratios in the C-3 range of values. 7. The results suggest that some predator species may be retained in habitats without large prey populations, a quality essential in controlling pests in agricultural systems. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Biol Control Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Prasifka, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Insectary, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Grp,Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prasifka@iastate.edu OI Winemiller, Kirk/0000-0003-0236-5129 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2004.00585.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 809HE UT WOS:000220627000011 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Senne, DA Banks, J Brown, IH Essen, SC Lee, CW Manvell, RJ Mathieu-Benson, C Moreno, V Pedersen, JC Panigrahy, B Rojas, H Spackman, E Alexander, DJ AF Suarez, DL Senne, DA Banks, J Brown, IH Essen, SC Lee, CW Manvell, RJ Mathieu-Benson, C Moreno, V Pedersen, JC Panigrahy, B Rojas, H Spackman, E Alexander, DJ TI Recombination resulting in virulence shift in avian influenza outbreak, Chile SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMAGGLUTININ CLEAVAGE SITE; A VIRUSES; GENE; SEQUENCE; CHICKENS; PATHOGENICITY; GENERATION; EMERGENCE; PIGS; H5 AB Influenza A viruses occur worldwide in wild birds and are occasionally associated with outbreaks in commercial chickens and turkeys. However, avian influenza viruses have not been isolated from wild birds or poultry in South America. A recent outbreak in chickens of H7N3 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) occurred in Chile. One month later, after a sudden increase in deaths, H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was isolated. Sequence analysis of all eight genes of the LPAI virus and the HPAI viruses showed minor differences between the viruses except at the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site. The LPAI virus had a cleavage site similar to other low pathogenic H7 viruses, but the HPAI isolates had a 30-nucleotide insert. The insertion likely occurred by recombination between the HA and nucleoprotein genes of the LPAI virus, resulting in a virulence shift. Sequence comparison of all eight gene segments showed the Chilean viruses were also distinct from all other avian influenza viruses and represent a distinct South American clade. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. Vet Labs Agcy, Addlestone, Surrey, England. Minist Agr, Santiago, Chile. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov RI Alexander, Dennis/C-9517-2011; Brown, Ian/E-1119-2011; Manvell, Ruth/E-6500-2011; Essen, Stephen/E-9721-2011 NR 32 TC 185 Z9 209 U1 3 U2 15 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 693 EP 699 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 808OO UT WOS:000220578600021 PM 15200862 ER PT J AU Baker, JT Kim, SH Gitz, DC Timlin, D Reddy, VR AF Baker, JT Kim, SH Gitz, DC Timlin, D Reddy, VR TI A method for estimating carbon dioxide leakage rates in controlled-environment chambers using nitrous oxide SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE controlled-environment chamber; CO2 enrichment; N2O; assimilation ID ELEVATED CO2; RICE; EMISSION; SOIL; BALANCE; PLANTS; FIELD; N2O; CH4 AB Naturally sunlit, outdoor controlled-environment chambers provide an important research tool for studying the effects of environmental variables on crop physiological processes. Topically these types of chambers are semi-closed and are capable of continuously monitoring canopy scale gas exchanges. Accurately determining chamber CO2 leakage rate is essential for correcting measurements of photosynthesis and respiration in these kinds of chambers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a new CO2 leak quantification system which used N2O as a tracer gas to estimate chamber CO2 leakage rates in a recently constructed outdoor, controlled-environment chamber facility at Beltsville, MD. Chamber CO2 leakage rates as determined by the loss of CO2 (C-L) from the chamber were compared with CO2 leakage rates determined using N2O as a tracer gas (C-LN). These two methods of determining leakage rates were compared in two different types of chambers: smaller and more tightly sealed Daylit chambers and larger more leaky Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) chambers. Comparisons of C-L with C-LN indicated that CLN was an excellent predictor of CL. However, over a wide range of internal to external concentration gradients, the analysis did show a slight but consistent overestimation of C-L by C-LN that averaged 0.3, 1.4, and 1.1 mumol CO2 m(-2) s(-1) for the Daylit chambers, the SPAR chambers and all data combined, respectively. These results indicate that N2O can be used as a tracer gas to accurately and reliably estimate chamber CO2 leakage rates in real time during experiments in the presence of plants and when it is necessary to maintain specific chamber C02 treatment set points that make estimation of CL difficult. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baker, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. EM jtbaker@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 NR 22 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 2004 VL 51 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2003.08.001 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 776AC UT WOS:000189092000002 ER PT J AU Skinner, LC Ragsdale, DW Hansen, RW Chandler, MA Moon, RD AF Skinner, LC Ragsdale, DW Hansen, RW Chandler, MA Moon, RD TI Temperature-dependent development of overwintering Aphthona lacertosa and A-nigriscutis (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae): Two flea beetles introduced for the biological control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphthona lacertosa; Aphthona nigriscutis; biological control; leafy spurge; Euphorbia esula; developmental rates ID CONTROL AGENTS; UNITED-STATES; 1ST EMERGENCE; CATTLE; MODELS AB Two flea beetles, Aphthona lacertosa Rosenheim and A. nigriscutis Foudras, have been introduced to control leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L., in North America. We determined the effect of temperature on developmental rates of overwintered third instars to adult for each species. Developmental rates were determined by field collecting soil cores containing overwintering larvae and holding soil cores at constant temperatures of 12, 15, 18, 21, 22.5, and 26degreesC with 24-h light. Linear regression indicated that the lower developmental thresholds for A. lacertosa and A. nigriscutis were 7.5 and 9.3degreesC, respectively, and the median-required cumulative degree-days for emergence was 461 DD for A. lacertosa and 433 DD for A. nigriscutis. For each species, a three-parameter Weibull function was fit to a cumulative probability distribution of emergence. First emergence estimates for each species were calculated by multiplying the gamma (gamma) parameter from the fit of the Weibull function with median-required degree-days from the linear model. First emergence for A. lacertosa and A. nigriscutis were predicted at 326 and 322 accumulated DD, respectively. Emergence models were validated with springtime field captures in Minnesota, Montana, and North Dakota. Results overall indicate a lack of bias in first emergence predictions for both species. However, there was a possible bias for predicting first emergence of A. nigirscutis in Montana, which was on average 15 d late. We speculate that different climatic and environmental conditions may have played a role. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Natl Weed Management Lab, APHIS, PPQ, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Minnesota Dept Agr, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. RP Skinner, LC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM skin0034@tc.umn.edu NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 812RL UT WOS:000220856500006 ER PT J AU Poland, TM De Groot, P Burke, S Wakarchuk, D Haack, RA Nott, R AF Poland, TM De Groot, P Burke, S Wakarchuk, D Haack, RA Nott, R TI Semiochemical disruption of the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tomicus piniperda; nonhost volatiles; verbenone; disruptants ID GREEN LEAF VOLATILES; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; AGGREGATION PHEROMONES; OLFACTORY RECOGNITION; IPS-PARACONFUSUS; AMBROSIA BEETLE; LODGEPOLE PINE; VERBENONE; RESPONSES AB The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is an exotic pest of pine in North America. We evaluated blends of senriochemical disruptants, which included nonhost volatiles and verbenone, for their ability to disrupt attraction of T pimperda to traps baited with the attractant a-pinene and to Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., trap logs. In Michigan and in Ontario, Canada, a single blend of nonhost volatiles alone [comprised of 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E) -2-hexen-1-ol, 3-octanol, and 1-octen-3-ol] or the nonhost volatile blend combined with verbenone significantly reduced attraction of T piniperda to attractant-baited traps by 68-77%. Similarly, verbenone plus the nonhost volatile blend or a similar blend without 1-octen-3-ol also significantly reduced attack density of T piniperda on pine trap logs by 56-74% in both Michigan and Ontario. Although relative responses between the different blends were slightly different between Michigan and Ontario, the recommended operational disruptant consisted of 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-l-ol, 3-octanol, and verbenone. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. Phero Tech Inc, Delta, BC V4G 1E9, Canada. RP Poland, TM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd,Rm 220, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 221 EP 226 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 812RL UT WOS:000220856500015 ER PT J AU Meitner, CJ Brower, LP Davis, AK AF Meitner, CJ Brower, LP Davis, AK TI Migration patterns and environmental effects on stopover of monarch butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) at Peninsula Point, Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE monarchs; migration; stopover; weather; timing ID DANAUS-PLEXIPPUS; AUTUMN MIGRATION; FAT DEPOSITION; CORN POLLEN; MASS GAIN; PASSERINES; POPULATION; DANAIDAE; ROUTES; ISLAND AB Since 1996, the numbers of migrating monarch butterflies stopping over at Peninsula Point, Michigan, have been monitored by volunteers during the fall migration with standardized daily counts. In this study, we describe this project and examine: 1) general patterns of migration and stopover of monarchs at this site, and 2) how environmental conditions influence monarch stopover frequency. We tested for yearly, seasonal, and diurnal variation in monarch counts within each season. We further combined these data with basic weather information recorded at the time of each count to explore the effects of wind direction and speed, temperature, and cloud cover on monarch stopover abundance. A total of 22,539 monarchs was counted over 7 yr, with yearly totals ranging from 757 in 1998 to 6,638 in 1997. Over the 7-yr period, an average of 29 monarchs was recorded per count at Peninsula Point. Interestingly, in the migration season immediately following a major population decline at overwintering sites in Mexico, the total number of monarchs counted at Peninsula Point was not significantly different from long-term average counts. The timing of the peak of migration was not consistent from year to year, and there were few consistent temporal trends within seasons. More monarchs were counted with walking transects during the day than with a roost count in the early morning. Furthermore, more monarchs were counted earlier in the season than later. Of the environmental variables we examined, wind direction had a significant influence on the number of monarchs recorded on each count with higher counts during north winds. Cloud cover also influenced monarch counts, so that the number of monarchs observed increased with temperature and decreased with cloud cover. Based on the large numbers of monarchs that stop there each fall, we suggest that Peninsula Point represents an important monarch stopover site, and thus has the potential to increase our knowledge of monarch migration and stopover ecology greatly. C1 US Forest Serv, Monarch Butterfly Project, USDA, Rapid River, MI 49878 USA. Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Biol, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Meitner, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Monarch Butterfly Project, USDA, 8181 Highway 2, Rapid River, MI 49878 USA. EM akdavis@emory.edu NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 21 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 812RL UT WOS:000220856500019 ER PT J AU Blom, PE Fleischer, SJ Harding, CL AF Blom, PE Fleischer, SJ Harding, CL TI Modeling colonization of overwintered immigrant Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptinotarsa decemlineata; CO potato beetle; colonization; immigration; mapping ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; SAY COLEOPTERA; PEST-MANAGEMENT; FIELDS; MOVEMENT; DISPERSION; POPULATION; ADAPTATION; DISTANCE; DYNAMICS AB Colonization of potato (Solanum tuberosum [L.]) fields by Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), has often been recognized as a process that initially results in an edge-biased spatial pattern. We modeled this spatial process by measuring distance of immigration for individual overwintered adults. Distance was measured to the nearest field edge or to the field edge along a radial vector from the field center. The frequency of beetles captured within 1-m distance intervals was modeled as an exponential decay function of distance from the edge for both measurement methods. Expression of the results as a cumulative frequency has management implications for spatial deployment of control measures against immigrating beetles and applicability for spatially explicit simulation of the within-field population dynamics of the beetle. Managers might use such models to estimate the proportion of immigrating adults that would be affected by border treatments of a plant systemic or transgenic insecticide as a function of the width of the treatment. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Blom, PE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM pblom@wsu.edu; sjf4@psu.edu; HardingCL@efane.nav.fac.navy.mil NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 267 EP 274 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 812RL UT WOS:000220856500021 ER PT J AU Prasifka, JR Heinz, KM Sansone, CG AF Prasifka, JR Heinz, KM Sansone, CG TI Timing, magnitude, rates, and putative causes of predator movement between cotton and grain sorghum fields SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; Hippodamia convergens; Scymnus loewii; biological control ID INSECT PREDATORS; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; TEXAS COTTON; RUBIDIUM; COLEOPTERA; COCCINELLIDAE; BEETLES; MARKER; POPULATIONS; HEMIPTERA AB Previous studies suggest grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, acts as an early-season predator source for nearby cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in areas where their growing seasons overlap. However, few data exist on predator movement in this system, and proposed causes of movement have not been tested. Field studies in 2001 and 2002 addressed both issues. Predator marking with rubidium was employed to measure predator movement between equal-sized areas of cotton and grain sorghum at three stages of grain sorghum phenology. Concurrent manipulative experiments in field cages tested for effects of phenology and aphid levels on movement by Hippodamia convergens Guein-Meneville, a common predator in this system. Results from 2001 showed cotton gained 2.7 predators for every one lost to adjacent grain sorghum but that the collective movement of predators was similar among the three periods examined. The coccinellids H. convergens and Scymnus loweii Mulsant moved preferentially into cotton and seemed responsible for the overall pattern of predator movement between crops. For predators moving from grain sorghum into cotton, estimated rates of dispersal (15.8-19.9 m/d) were found to be similar among all taxa studied. Cage experiments suggested both crop phenology and abundance of aphid prey in cotton and grain sorghum cause predator movement, but only the effect of phenology was consistent between years. These results support the idea that grain sorghum is a source of predators during cotton's early growth stages and suggest that grain sorghum may continue to contribute to natural enemy populations during later stages of cotton growth. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Biol Control Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Prasifka, JR (reprint author), Insectary,Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kmheinz@neo.tamu.edu NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 282 EP 290 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 812RL UT WOS:000220856500023 ER PT J AU Oi, DH Valles, SM Pereira, RM AF Oi, DH Valles, SM Pereira, RM TI Prevalence of Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporidia : Thelohaniidae) infection in monogyne and polygyne red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pathogen; polygyny; Solenopsis invicta; fire ant; biological control ID INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; MULTIPLEX PCR; COLONIES; BUREN; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; GROWTH; FIELD AB We determined the prevalence of natural field infections of the fire ant pathogen Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen, and Hazard in the monogyne and polygyne social forms of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, in three pastures in Florida. Social form was determined by examining the genotype of ants at the Gp-9 locus. The monogyne form contains a single fertilized queen per colony, and colony members have a genotype of Gp-9(BB). In contrast, the polygyne form contains many fertilized queens per colony, and all three genotypes of Gp-9(BB), Gp-9(Bb), or Cp-9(bb) can be present within a colony. Among the study sites, ratios of monogyne:polygyne colonies ranged from 3:55-28:22, and infections rates were 42-78% when both social forms were included in the samples from each site. However, T solenopsae infections were restricted to colonies of the polygynous social form. While T solenopsae was only detected in polygynous colonies in the field, T solenopsae infections were found in ants with the monogyne genotype. Ants from four colonies reared from field-collected, newly mated queens that were naturally infected with T solenopsae were found to exhibit this genotype. T solenopsae also was detected in individual alate female reproductives possessing the monogyne genotype, which were collected from polygynous colonies. Polygynous colonies can contain individual ants that possess either the polygyne or monogyne genotype. Thus, T solenopsae infections can occur in fire ants with genotypes of either social form. Because making genotypic determinations of S. invicta social forms may be impractical in the field, we compared visual and genotypic determinations of polygyny and monogyny. Visual determinations, based mainly on the relative preponderance of major workers, corresponded to 85% of the genotypic determinations. C1 ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Oi, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM doi@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Pereira, Roberto/B-5008-2010 OI Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690 NR 37 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 340 EP 345 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 812RL UT WOS:000220856500029 ER PT J AU Moran, PJ AF Moran, PJ TI Feeding by waterhyacinth weevils (Neochetina spp.) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in relation to site, plant biomass, and biochemical factors SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pontederiaceae; aquatic weed; plant quality; damage ID EICHHORNIAE WARNER COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; CRASSIPES MART SOLMS; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; WATERHYACINTH; BRUCHI; LEAVES; RESISTANCE; ARGENTINA; NITROGEN AB Biological control of waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.] by waterhyacinth weevils [Neochetina bruchi (Hustache)] and [Neochetina eichhorniae (Warner)] varies according to field environment, season, and plant stress levels. Plants at four field sites were sampled to determine if leaf scarring caused by adult weevil feeding was associated with plant biomass, biochemical and population measures, and insect densities. Leaf scar densities were consistently higher on plants from two sites at which root and dead plant part biomass were high. Scarring was correlated to root and dead biomass across all sites. Scarring was not associated with weevil densities summed across all life stages or larval gallery density. Soluble protein contents were lower in plants from the two sites with high scarring than at two other sites in Spring 2002, and scarring was negatively correlated to protein content across all sites. Protein was usually highest in immature furled leaves. Activities of soluble peroxidase enzymes were highest in old leaves. Scar densities were not associated with canopy height and shoot density. At one site, high scar densities occurred on plants with small leaf areas, which were likely growing slowly under the influence of multiple abiotic and biotic stress factors. Mechanical and natural plant removal and regrowth may have facilitated plant compensation for weevil feeding at the other site with high scarring. Temporally and spatially dynamic physical and biochemical plant traits and growth environments could limit biological control of waterhyacinth. C1 ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Moran, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM pmoran@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 346 EP 355 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 812RL UT WOS:000220856500030 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Wright, SE AF Leskey, TC Wright, SE TI Influence of host tree proximity on adult plum curculio (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) responses to monitoring traps SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plum curculio; Conotrachelus nenuphar; monitoring traps; grandisoic acid; benzaldehyde ID CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR COLEOPTERA; APPLE ORCHARDS; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; UNITED-STATES; FRUIT ODOR; MANAGEMENT; ATTRACTION; BEHAVIOR; INSECTS; FIELD AB We evaluated responses of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), to baited and unbaited black pyramid and Plexiglas panel traps in mark-release-recapture experiments to determine whether presence of host apple trees diminishes trap effectiveness. identical experiments were conducted in an open field (little competition present) and in an unsprayed apple orchard (presence of competition from natural host apple trees). Results of mark-release-recapture experiments were successful; we recaptured 21.0 and 2.9% in the field and orchard, respectively. Plum curculio response to traps was influenced by presence of apple trees, because significantly more recaptures were recorded in the field compared with the orchard. Pyramid traps recaptured more plum curculio in the field compared with the orchard and recaptured significantly more plum curculio compared with panel traps. Female plum curculio responded in significantly greater numbers to pyramid traps baited with benzaldehyde compared with unbaited traps in the field, but not under orchard deployment. Combined data indicate that positioning traps in proximity to host apple trees diminishes both trap and bait effectiveness either by direct competition from host tree stimuli or by physical obstruction of trap-related visual stimuli and/or volatile release. We conclude that an effective trap-based monitoring system for plum curculio will require better odor baits, trapping mechanisms, and/or deployment strategies that can overcome visual and olfactory interference presented by host apple trees. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 389 EP 396 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 812RL UT WOS:000220856500035 ER PT J AU Nansen, C Bonjour, EL Gates, MW Phillips, TW Cuperus, GW Payton, ME AF Nansen, C Bonjour, EL Gates, MW Phillips, TW Cuperus, GW Payton, ME TI Model of Cryptolestes ferrugineus flight activity outside commercial steel grain bins in central Oklahoma SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE decision support tools; modeling; Oklahoma; stored-product beetles ID FARM-STORED WHEAT; INSECT POPULATIONS; PRODUCT INSECTS; TRAP CATCH; COLEOPTERA; INFESTATION; CUCUJIDAE; CORN; ATTRACTANTS; CAPTURE AB Unbaited sticky traps were placed on ropes in the four cardinal directions and at different heights on the outside of commercial steel bins containing stored wheat. Weekly trap catches of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), were examined. The number of traps per steel bin varied due to differences in dimensions, and three height classes were established, but there was no significant difference in trap catches of C. ferrugineus among height classes. Significant yearly and between-steel bin variation was found, and these effects were removed before using a response surface regression analysis to determine how well two time variables (daylength and day number) and three weather variables (minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation) could explain the seasonal variation in C. ferrugineus flight activity. These variables were used in separate analyses of C. ferrugineus trap catches in the four cardinal directions and from the three height classes (12 separate analyses). The most robust model fit was obtained when using a subset representing 208 C. ferrugineus trap catches from the northern side at height class 3 (traps s placed at least three-quarters of bin height). The full model of the two time variables and three weather variables explained 48% of the variance in this subset of trap catches, whereas a model based on weekly means of daylength and minimum and maximum air temperatures explained 40% of the total variance in C. ferrugineus trap catches. The relative trap catch response to daylength and minimum and maximum air temperatures was evaluated. High beetle flight activity around grain bins may indicate a high risk of insect infestation of stored wheat, and the presented model can therefore be used to determine time periods with high risk of beetle immigration into commercial steel bins. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Nansen, C (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 426 EP 434 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 812RL UT WOS:000220856500039 ER PT J AU Smith, MT Tobin, PC Bancroft, J Li, GH Gao, RT AF Smith, MT Tobin, PC Bancroft, J Li, GH Gao, RT TI Dispersal and spatiotemporal dynamics of Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) in China SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; invasive species; mark-recapture; spatial autocorrelation; eradication ID DIFFUSION-MODEL; ERADICATION; MOVEMENT AB We studied dispersal and spatiotemporal dynamics of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky, in Gansu Province of north central China. We used mass mark-recapture methods and observed that 98% of beetles were recaptured within 920 m from a release point, whereas the median dispersal rate for all recaptured adults was 30 m/d. Dispersal potential within the course of a season for males and gravid females was 2,394 and 2,644 m, respectively; however, more work is needed to evaluate the potential of long-distance dispersal events to initiate new colonies outside current U.S. quarantine boundary guidelines. We observed that tree size and number of existing emergence holes on a tree were significant positive predictors of new emergence holes, but we did not measure a significant effect of tree size, number of existing emergence holes, and number of new emergence holes on adult beetle abundance. Implications of these findings within the context of host quality are discussed, but more research is needed to identify key factors in the multiyear host colonization process. Peak population abundance of unmarked beetles (i.e., background populations) in both 1999 and 2000 occurred between 800 and 900 degree-days (base threshold = 10degreesC) from 1 January. Background populations exhibited local spatial autocorrelation during peak abundance, with ranges of spatial dependence of 229-543 m. The implications of this study are discussed in reference to the role that A. glabripennis population biology plays in the current eradication effort. C1 ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Forest Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. RP Smith, MT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM mtsmith@udel.edu NR 32 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 22 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 435 EP 442 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 812RL UT WOS:000220856500040 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Sappington, TW Setamou, M Coleman, RJ AF Greenberg, SM Sappington, TW Setamou, M Coleman, RJ TI Influence of different cotton fruit sizes on boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) oviposition and survival to adulthood SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; boll weevil; cotton fruit sizes; feeding punctures; oviposition punctures ID BEHAVIOR; SQUARES; DAMAGE; MODEL AB Understanding the critical host plant factors that determine oviposition behavior and survival of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is important for developing successful pest management strategies. However, published information is both conflicting and limited regarding how different cotton fruit sizes affect boll weevil oviposition choices and subsequent larval survival to adulthood. Consequently, we used a standard based on fruit size diameter to evaluate boll weevil feeding and oviposition punctures, and survival to adulthood on 10 different cotton fruit sizes: squares of diameter 1.5-2.0 (pinhead), 3.0-3.5 (matchhead), 5-6, 7-8, or 9-10 mm; candle; and bolls of diameter 10-15, 15-20, 20-30, or >30 mm. Oviposition and feeding punctures were significantly affected by cotton fruit size. Females did not oviposit in pinhead squares. The fewest eggs were oviposited in boll sizes >30 mm. The highest number of eggs was recorded in square sizes of 5-6 and 7-8 mm. Boll weevil survival to adulthood was highest on square sizes of 7-8 or 9-10 turn (58.6-59.7%). No survival occurred in matchhead squares or bolls >30 mm. Duration of development was longest on boll sizes of 15-20 and 20-30 mm (18.2-18.8 d). The growth index (percentage immature survival divided by immature developmental time) of female boll weevils was 2.8-fold higher in 7-8- or 9-10-mm diameter squares than in 20-30-mm diameter bolls. This study will improve our capacity to develop methods to predict fruit losses and changes in boll weevil populations in the field, given a starting density of fruit suitable for oviposition, and a corresponding initial population density of weevils. C1 ARS, Area Pest Managment REs Unit, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Greenberg, SM (reprint author), ARS, Area Pest Managment REs Unit, USDA, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM sgreenberg@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 443 EP 449 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 812RL UT WOS:000220856500041 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Sappington, TW AF Kim, KS Sappington, TW TI Boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) dispersal in the southern United States: Evidence from mitochondrial DNA variation SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phylogeography; mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism; genetic diversity; gene flow; Anthonomus grandis ID RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-VARIATION; PHEROMONE TRAPS; POLYMORPHISMS; ALLOZYME; MOVEMENT; CAPTURES; ARIZONA; MEXICO AB An understanding of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) dispersal behavior is essential to characterizing and responding to the threat of migration into eradication zones. Genetic variation in boll weevil mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sampled and analyzed to make inferences on the magnitude and geographic pattern of genetic differentiation among weevil populations from 20 locations across eight U.S. states and northeast Mexico. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) analysis was conducted on a 12.4-kb amplicon of mtDNA from each of 419 individuals. A total of 28 distinct mtDNA haplotypes, 17 of which were unique to single locations, were identified from restriction reactions of 10 informative endonucleases. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity was generally greater in southern than northern populations and was greater in the east than the west among northern populations. Genetic differentiation between eastern and western populations was pronounced, and phylogenetic analyses revealed two major clades corresponding to these regions. These results are consistent with historical boll weevil range expansion into the southeastern United States from Mexico and a secondary colonization of the High Plains. Evidence suggests that gene flow is limited between eastern and western populations but is relatively high among populations within the eastern region. In addition, estimates of gene flow indicate that migration between locations separated by <300 km is frequent. C1 ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Kim, KS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 49 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 457 EP 470 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 812RL UT WOS:000220856500043 ER PT J AU Smith, JE Heath, LS AF Smith, JE Heath, LS TI Carbon stocks and projections on public forestlands in the United States, 1952-2040 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; carbon flux; carbon budget; forest inventory; FORCARB ID SEQUESTRATION AB Approximately 37% of forestlands in the conterminous United States are publicly owned; they represent a substantial area of potential carbon sequestration in US forests and in forest products. However, large areas of public forestlands traditionally have been less intensively inventoried than privately owned forests. Thus, less information is available about their role as carbon sinks. We present estimates of carbon budgets on public forestlands of the 48 conterminous states, along with a discussion of the assumptions necessary to make such estimates. The forest carbon budget simulation model, FORCARB2, makes estimates for US forests primarily based on inventory data. We discuss methods to develop consistent carbon budget estimates from inventory data at varying levels of detail. Total carbon stored on public forestlands in the conterminous US increased from 16.3 Gt in 1953 to the present total of 19.5 Gt, while area increased from 87.1 million hactares to 92.1 million hactares. At the same time the proportion of carbon on public forestlands relative to all forests increased from 35% to 37%. Projections for the next 40 years depend on scenarios of management influences on growth and harvest. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jsmith11@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 433 EP 442 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9101-x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 833AR UT WOS:000222309300002 PM 15453397 ER PT J AU Alig, RJ Butler, BJ AF Alig, RJ Butler, BJ TI Projecting large-scale area changes in land use and land cover for terrestrial carbon analyses SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE baseline; mitigation; forest cover type; carbon sequestration ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST; IMPACTS; HARVEST AB One of the largest changes in US forest type areas over the last half-century has involved pine types in the South. The area of planted pine has increased more than 10-fold since 1950, mostly on private lands. Private landowners have responded to market incentives and government programs, including subsidized afforestation on marginal agricultural land. Timber harvest is a crucial disturbance affecting planted pine area, as other forest types are converted to planted pine after harvest. Conversely, however, many harvested pine plantations revert to other forest types, mainly due to passive regeneration behavior on nonindustrial private timberlands. We model land use and land cover changes as a basis for projecting future changes in planted pine area, to aid policy analysts concerned with mitigation activities for global climate change. Projections are prepared in two stages. Projected land use changes include deforestation due to pressures to develop rural land as the human population expands, which is a larger area than that converted from other rural lands (e.g., agriculture) to forestry. In the second stage, transitions among forest types are projected on land allocated to forestry. We consider reforestation, influences of timber harvest, and natural succession and disturbance processes. Baseline projections indicate a net increase of about 5.6 million ha in planted pine area in the South over the next 50 years, with a notable increase in sequestered carbon. Additional opportunities to expand pine plantation area warrant study of landowner behavior to aid in designing more effective incentives for inducing land use and land cover changes to help mitigate climate change and attain other goals. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Alig, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 443 EP 456 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9102-9 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 833AR UT WOS:000222309300003 PM 15453398 ER PT J AU Reeder, JD Schuman, GE Morgan, JA Lecain, DR AF Reeder, JD Schuman, GE Morgan, JA Lecain, DR TI Response of organic and inorganic carbon and nitrogen to long-term grazing of the shortgrass steppe SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon; soil inorganic carbon; C storage; grasslands; grazing; great plains; herbivory; soil nitrogen ID SEMIARID GRASSLAND; GREAT-PLAINS; MIXED-GRASS; SOIL; PRAIRIE; CATTLE; TOPOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; IMPACT AB We investigated the influence of long-term (56 years) grazing on organic and inorganic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the plant-soil system (to 90 cm depth) in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. Grazing treatments included continuous season-long (May-October) grazing by yearling heifers at heavy (60-75% utilization) and light (20-35% utilization) stocking rates, and nongrazed exclosures. The heavy stocking rate resulted in a plant community that was dominated (75% of biomass production) by the C-4 grass blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), whereas excluding livestock grazing increased the production of C-3 grasses and prickly pear cactus (Opuntia polycantha). Soil organic C (SOC) and organic N were not significantly different between the light grazing and nongrazed treatments, whereas the heavy grazing treatment was 7.5 Mg ha(-1) higher in SOC than the nongrazed treatment. Lower ratios of net mineralized N to total organic N in both grazed compared to nongrazed treatments suggest that long-term grazing decreased the readily mineralizable fraction of soil organic matter. Heavy grazing affected soil inorganic C (SIC) more than the SOC. The heavy grazing treatment was 23.8 Mg ha(-1) higher in total soil C (0-90 cm) than the nongrazed treatment, with 68% (16.3 Mg ha(-1)) attributable to higher SIC, and 32% (7.5 Mg ha(-1)) to higher SOC. These results emphasize the importance in semiarid and arid ecosystems of including inorganic C in assessments of the mass and distribution of plant-soil C and in evaluations of the impacts of grazing management on C sequestration. C1 USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Reeder, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jean.reeder@ans.usda.gov NR 56 TC 65 Z9 82 U1 7 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 485 EP 495 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 833AR UT WOS:000222309300007 PM 15453402 ER PT J AU Potter, SR Atwood, JD Kellogg, RL Williams, JR AF Potter, SR Atwood, JD Kellogg, RL Williams, JR TI An approach for estimating soil carbon using the national nutrient loss database SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nutrient loss database; carbon sequestration; EPIC model; NRI AB Agricultural lands have the potential to contribute to greenhouse gas mitigation by sequestering organic carbon within the soil. Credible and consistent estimates will be necessary to design programs and policies to encourage management practices that increase carbon sequestration. Because a nationwide survey of soil carbon by the wide range of natural resources and management conditions of the United States is prohibitively expensive, a simulation modeling approach must be used. The National Nutrient Loss Database (NNLD) is a modeling and database system designed and built jointly by the USDA- Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and Texas A&M University to provide science-based inferences on environmental impacts from changes in agricultural management practices and programs at the regional and national level. Currently, the NNLD simulates 16 crops and covers similar to1.35 x 10(8) ha. For estimating soil carbon sequestration, the database will be populated with similar to1.5 x 10(6) field-level model runs using the EPIC (Environmental Policy Impact Calculator) model, which includes newly incorporated carbon equations consistent with those in the Century model. Each run will represent a unique situation defined by state, crop, climate, soil, irrigation type, conservation practice, tillage system, and nutrient management treatment (nutrient rate, application frequency, application timing, and manure category). Results are to be assigned to specific National Resource Inventory points (NRI) to simulate regional and national baselines. In this article we present the modeling approach and discuss the strengths and limitations. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Potter, SR (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM spotter@brc.tamus.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 496 EP 506 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9107-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 833AR UT WOS:000222309300008 PM 15453403 ER PT J AU Michalski, G Meixner, T Fenn, M Hernandez, L Sirulnik, A Allen, E Thiemens, M AF Michalski, G Meixner, T Fenn, M Hernandez, L Sirulnik, A Allen, E Thiemens, M TI Tracing atmospheric nitrate deposition in a complex semiarid ecosystem using Delta(17)0 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; GLOBAL NITROGEN-CYCLE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; OZONE; FRACTIONATION; CONSEQUENCES; POLLUTANTS; WATERSHEDS; RESPONSES AB The isotopic composition of nitrate collected from aerosols, fog, and precipitation was measured and found to have a large (17)0 anomaly with Delta(17)0 values ranging from 20parts per thousand to 30parts per thousand (Delta(17)0 = delta(17)0 - 0.52(delta(18)0)). This (17)0 anomaly was used to trace atmospheric deposition of nitrate to a semiarid ecosystem in southern California. We demonstrate that the Delta(17)0 signal is a conserved tracer of atmospheric nitrate deposition and is a more robust indicator of N deposition relative to standard delta(18)0 techniques. The data indicate that a substantial portion of nitrate found in the local soil, stream, and groundwater is of atmospheric origin and does not undergo biologic processing before being exported from the system. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92095 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Michalski, G (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92095 USA. EM gmichalski@ucsd.edu NR 35 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 7 BP 2175 EP 2181 DI 10.1021/es034980+ PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 808OG UT WOS:000220577800047 PM 15112822 ER PT J AU Michel, A Johnson, RD Duke, SO Scheffler, BE AF Michel, A Johnson, RD Duke, SO Scheffler, BE TI Dose-response relationships between herbicides with different modes of action and growth of Lemna paucicostata: An improved ecotoxicological method SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE duckweed; herbicides; dose response; phytotoxin; dichlorophenol ID TOXICITY; GLUFOSINATE; BIOASSAY; PLANTS; SALT AB Lemna species are widely used in ecotoxicological research to assess the phytotoxicity of environmental compounds. The purpose of the work described in this paper was to further refine the Lemna spp. bioassay, making it more robust and useful in comparing results between laboratories. A nondestructive image analysis method was used to measure growth as affected by herbicides during a time course. We tested 26 herbicides, with as many as 19 different modes of action, on leaf area growth of Lemna paucicostata to establish complete dose-response relationships. By using 3,5-dichlorophenol as a reference compound, different EC50 (concentration that inhibited growth by 50%) values of the herbicides can be compared. The EC50 values ranged from 0.003 muM for sulcotrione to 407 muM for asulam. Complete dose-response parameters were obtained that will better allow comparison of these results to those of other laboratories. These results should give useful information to anyone who works with Lemna species to address questions on herbicide residues in environmental compartments, screening of new herbicidal compounds, or the assessment of phytotoxic side effects of any compound. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 30 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 17 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1074 EP 1079 DI 10.1897/03-256 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 807EE UT WOS:000220484000034 PM 15095907 ER PT J AU Laegreid, WW Keen, JE AF Laegreid, WW Keen, JE TI Estimation of the basic reproduction ratio (R-0) for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 : H7 (STEC O157) in beef calves SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; SALMONELLA; CARCASSES; FECES AB To understand the dynamics of transmission of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) in beef calves, serum samples were obtained from calves in a beef cow-calf herd approximately every 6 weeks from birth until weaning for three consecutive years. The presence of specific anti-O157 antibodies in these serum samples was detected using a blocking ELISA assay incorporating an anti-O157 monoclonal antibody. Using seroconversion data, the basic reproduction ratio (R-0) was estimated for each of the three years as well as in aggregate using both deterministic and Martingale methods. R-0 for STEC O157 infection in range beef calves by deterministic methods varied from 2.9-5.6, with an average of 4.3 (95 % Cl 2.8-5.9). Martingale estimates of R-0 ranged from 3.5-7.4, or 5.3 (95 % Cl 3.9-6.6), for data from all three years. Given the above estimate of R-0, it is predicted that 65-86 % of a herd of calves must be effectively vaccinated, or must be rendered non-susceptible through other means, to eliminate STEC O157 infection from a herd. C1 ARS, Anim Hlth Res Unit, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Laegreid, WW (reprint author), ARS, Anim Hlth Res Unit, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 2004 VL 132 IS 2 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1017/S0950268803001705 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 813RD UT WOS:000220923300016 PM 15061504 ER PT J AU O'Donoghue, K Lomniczi, B McFerran, B Connor, TJ Seal, B King, D Banks, J Manvell, R White, PS Richmond, K Jackson, P Hugh-Jones, M AF O'Donoghue, K Lomniczi, B McFerran, B Connor, TJ Seal, B King, D Banks, J Manvell, R White, PS Richmond, K Jackson, P Hugh-Jones, M TI Retrospective characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Antrim '73 in relation to other epidemics, past and present SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; RECENT OUTBREAKS; WESTERN-EUROPE; GENOTYPE VII; STRAINS; PROTEIN; REGION; GENE AB In November 1973 Newcastle disease suddenly appeared in Northern Ireland, where the viscerotropic disease had not been seen in 3 1/2 years and the two Irelands had been regarded as largely disease free for 30 years. It was successfully controlled with only 36 confirmed affected layer flocks, plus 10 more slaughtered as 'dangerous contacts'. Contemporary investigations failed to reveal the source of the Irish epidemic. Using archival virus samples from most of the affected flocks, RT-PCR was conducted with primers selected for all six NDV genes.. Phylogenetic analyses of three genes, HN, M and F, confirmed vaccine as the cause of one of the outbreaks. The other six samples were identical and closely related to previous outbreaks in the United States and western Europe initiated by infected imported Latin American parrots. The probable cause of the epidemic followed from the importation from The Netherlands of bulk feed grains contaminated with infected pigeon faeces. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1QW, England. Hungarian Vet Med Res Inst, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary. Dept Agr No Ireland, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Vet Lab Agcy, Surrey, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP O'Donoghue, K (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QW, England. RI Banks, Jill /D-8848-2011; Manvell, Ruth/E-6500-2011 NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 2004 VL 132 IS 2 BP 357 EP 368 DI 10.1017/S0950268803001778 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 813RD UT WOS:000220923300024 PM 15061512 ER PT J AU Steinberger, Y Pen-Mouratov, S Whitford, NG AF Steinberger, Y Pen-Mouratov, S Whitford, NG TI Soil disturbance by soil animals on a topoclimatic gradient SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOPEDTURBATION; DESERT AB We measured the area and volume of soil disturbed by various groups of animals at three sites on a topoclimatic gradient in the Judean Desert, Israel. Both the area and volume of soil disturbed by animals correlated with the cumulative precipitation of the winter rain season. Rodent activity accounted for most of the soil disturbance at all sites except for June 2001. when the, volume of soil transported to the surface by ants in the construction of nest chambers accounted for most of the soil volume moved at the intermediate rainfall site. The aggregate stability of soil ejected from animal excavations was significantly lower than that of undisturbed soil during and immediately following the winter rain season. but not during the following, dry seasons. The quantities of soil moved by ants in the Judean Desert were comparable to quantities moved by ants in the Chihuahuan Desert of North America. (C) 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Steinberger, Y (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM steinby@mail.biu.ac.il NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5563 J9 EUR J SOIL BIOL JI Eur. J. Soil Biol. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2004.07.001 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 885LR UT WOS:000226158600002 ER PT J AU Keegan, CE Gebert, K Chmelik, J AF Keegan, CE Gebert, K Chmelik, J TI Changes in Montana's secondary wood products industry, 1990 to 1999 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Poor economic performance and concerns over declines of Montana's largest manufacturing industry, the wood and paper products industry, have spurred interest in adding more value to the state's natural resources. With over 90 percent of the output of the timber processing industry being shipped out of state for further processing, performing more of this work within the state could be a way to increase employment and payroll. To assess whether the interest in value-added manufacturing over the last two decades has led to growth of Montana's secondary wood products industry, a census of Montana's secondary wood products manufacturers was conducted in 2000. Results of this census were compared to those of a previous census conducted in 1991. Comparisons show that sales in Montana's secondary wood products industry, when adjusted for inflation, increased 31 percent over the period, to around $211 million (in 1999 dollars). This growth in sales was associated with an increase in employment of 11 percent and a 17 percent increase in inflation-adjusted payroll per employee. These are encouraging signs; however, the secondary wood products sector does not seem to offer a panacea for Montana's low payroll and per-capita income performance. Montana markets accounted for nearly all the sales growth, though out-of-state sales in some categories increased significantly. Results do, however, show growth, increased average real wages, and a modest, but perhaps increasing, potential to improve economic well being by adding value to primary wood products. C1 Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Keegan, CE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 54 IS 4 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 812XL UT WOS:000220872100006 ER PT J AU Clemons, CM Ibach, RE AF Clemons, CM Ibach, RE TI Effects of processing method and moisture history on laboratory fungal resistance of wood-HDPE composites SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DECAY; DURABILITY AB The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of composite processing and moisture sorption on laboratory fungal resistance of wood-plastic composites. A 2-week water soaking or cyclic boiling-drying procedure was used to infuse moisture into composites made from high-density polyethylene filled with 50 percent wood flour and processed by extrusion, compression molding, or injection molding. Extruded composites absorbed the most moisture; compression-molded composites absorbed less than did extruded composites, and injection-molded composites absorbed the least. Although more moisture was absorbed during water soaking, the cyclic boiling procedure caused more damage to the composites, especially the extruded ones. In neither procedure for infusing water did the composites reach equilibrium. A standard method for determining the durability of structural wood was modified for testing the fungal resistance of composites. Moisture content, flexural properties, and weight loss were measured over a 12-week exposure to the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. Significant weight losses were found once the composite moisture content reached roughly 12 to 15 percent. This corresponds to an average wood flour moisture content near the fiber saturation point. The greatest weight losses were found for extruded composites that had been preconditioned by boiling. Damage to the composite from moisture sorption complicated the use of flexural performance as a measure of fungal attack. Mechanical performance appeared to be a less sensitive measure of fungal attack than was weight loss. However, flexural modulus loss and strength loss due to fungal attack correlated well with weight loss for individual specimens when the data were plotted together. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Clemons, CM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 20 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 8 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 54 IS 4 BP 50 EP 57 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 812XL UT WOS:000220872100010 ER PT J AU Yelle, D Goodell, B Gardner, DJ Amirbahman, A Winistorfer, P Shaler, S AF Yelle, D Goodell, B Gardner, DJ Amirbahman, A Winistorfer, P Shaler, S TI Bonding of wood fiber composites using a synthetic chelator-lignin activation system SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BROWN-ROT FUNGI; BASIDIOMYCETE GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HYDROXYL RADICALS; DECAY FUNGI; PINE WOOD; MECHANISM; IRON; DEGRADATION; CELLULOSE AB Wood fibers, after then-no-mechanical pulping, have a high concentration of lignin on the outer surface of the fiber; the residual middle lamella of the woody cell wall. When wood fibers are oxidatively treated with a chelator produced by Gloeophyllum trabeum (a brown-rot fungus), in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferric iron (FeIII), free radicals are produced. Using a synthetic chelator to mimic the action of the free radical generating system, we applied the system to wood fibers to activate the lignin-rich fiber surface. Activating the lignin and/or extractives on the surface of the wood fibers, which has been shown previously by chemical and enzymatic means, can give lignin the functionality of a self-bonding adhesive. In preliminary work, a wet-process hardwood fiber-board was produced using a pre-treatment with a synthetic model chelator, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), which showed an increase in the internal bond strength over that of fiberboard without DHBA pre-treatment. In this research, wet and modified dry-process softwood fiberboard exhibited increased internal bond, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity with DHBA pre-treatment compared to that of fiberboard without DHBA pre-treatment. The strongest boards produced used a 1:10 ratio of DHBA:FeIII with mM concentrations of peroxide. An FeIII-only treatment displayed similarbond and bending strengths to the chelator-mediated treatments (1:10) ratio, suggesting that natural phenolics and extractives in the wood were reacting similarly to low concentrations of DHBA through a chelator-mediated Fenton mechanism. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. Univ Maine, Dept Wood Sci & Tech, Orono, ME USA. Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Yelle, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 54 IS 4 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 812XL UT WOS:000220872100014 ER PT J AU Arner, SL Westfall, JA Scott, CT AF Arner, SL Westfall, JA Scott, CT TI Comparison of annual inventory designs using forest inventory and analysis data SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rotating panel design; moving average estimates; generalized least squares ID PARTIAL REPLACEMENT; COMPONENTS; GROWTH AB Three annual inventory designs, a periodic design, and a periodic measurement with midcycle update design are compared using a population created from 14,754 remeasured Forest Inventory and Analysis plots. Two of the annual designs and the midcycle update design allow updating of plots not measured using sampling with partial replacement procedures. Comparisons are based on root mean square error and estimator bias determined for net volume (m(3)/hectare) and mean annual net volume change. For the annual designs, both individual year and moving average estimates are investigated. The latter are compared to both the population means of the most recent year used in the average and to population means covering the same period as the estimate. Among annual designs, a rotating panel design, in which an equal portion of the total sample is measured each year without remeasurement until the start of the next measurement cycle, produced the smallest root mean square error for estimates of mean net volume. For multiple-year comparisons, the rotating panel and periodic designs resulted in the smallest root mean square errors; for single-year comparisons, the periodic design resulted in the smallest root mean square error. For mean annual volume change, the smallest root mean square error was produced by the periodic design. Among annual designs, the rotating panel design resulted in the smallest root mean square error for multiple-year comparisons of volume change, while a design allowing annual updates of estimates using generalized least squares resulted in the smallest root mean square error for single-year comparisons. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NW Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jameswestfall@fs.fed.us; ctscott@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 2 BP 188 EP 203 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 826TD UT WOS:000221850700005 ER PT J AU Corne, SA Carver, SJ Kunin, WE Lennon, JJ van Hees, WWS AF Corne, SA Carver, SJ Kunin, WE Lennon, JJ van Hees, WWS TI Predicting forest attributes In southeast Alaska using artificial neural networks SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE interpolation; land use; Al; GIS; temperate rainforest ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; TROPICAL FOREST; CLASSIFICATION; MODEL; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; ECOLOGY; COVER; AREAS AB Artificial neural network (ANN) methods are used to predict forest characteristics. The data source is the Southeast Alaska (SEAK) Grid Inventory, a ground survey compiled by the USDA Forest Service at several thousand sites. The main objective of this article is to predict characteristics at unsurveyed locations between grid sites. A secondary objective is to evaluate the relative performance of different ANNs. Data from the grid sites are used to train six ANNs: multilayer perceptron, fuzzy ARTMAP, probabilistic, generalized regression, radial basis function, and learning vector quantization. A classification and regression tree method is used for comparison. Topographic variables are used to construct models: latitude and longitude coordinates, elevation, slope, and aspect. The models classify three forest characteristics: crown closure, species land cover, and tree size/structure. Models are constructed using n-fold cross-validation. Predictive accuracy is calculated using a method that accounts for the influence of misclassification as well as measuring correct classifications. The probabilistic and generalized regression networks are found to be the most accurate. The predictions of the ANN models are compared with a classification of the Tongass national forest in southeast Alaska based on the interpretation of satellite imagery and are found to be of similar accuracy. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Leeds, Sch Biol, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res, Forestry Sci Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Corne, SA (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM s.corne@geography.leeds.ac.uk RI Lennon, Jack/F-2475-2011 NR 64 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 2 BP 259 EP 276 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 826TD UT WOS:000221850700010 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Dyer, RB McCormick, SP Kendra, DF Plattner, RD AF Brown, DW Dyer, RB McCormick, SP Kendra, DF Plattner, RD TI Functional demarcation of the Fusarium core trichothecene gene cluster SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fungal secondary metabolite; pathogenic fungi; gene cluster; Fusarium; trichothecene; DON ID CYTOCHROME-P450 MONOOXYGENASE; SPOROTRICHIOIDES ENCODES; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; TOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; EFFLUX PUMP; GRAMINEARUM; PATHWAY; HYDROXYLATION; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY AB Many Fusarium species produce toxic sesquiterpenoids known as trichothecenes, including deoxynivalenol and nivalenol by Fusarium graminearum and T-2 toxin by Fusarium sporotrichioides. These toxins are potent inhibitors of protein synthesis and are a significant agricultural problem due to their adverse affect on human, animal, and plant health. Previously, 10-12 co-regulated orthologous genes within a 26-kb region were identified in F graminearum and F sporotrichioides, respectively. A majority of these clustered genes have been shown to be involved in different aspects of trichothecene metabolism including 7 of 15 biosynthetic steps. Three other biosynthetic steps are carried out by genes located elsewhere in the genome. In this study, we sequenced 14-16 kb of DNA on both sides of the core clusters and identified 12 new ORFs in both Fusarium species. Although the predicted functions of some of the new ORFs are consistent with some unassigned biochemical reactions, gene expression and gene deletion studies indicate that none are required for trichothecene biosynthesis. These results provide evidence to demarcate both ends of the core trichothecene gene cluster. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM browndw@ncaur.usda.gov NR 36 TC 82 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 454 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2003.12.002 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 802LS UT WOS:000220165600007 PM 14998528 ER PT J AU McClean, PE Lee, RK Miklas, PN AF McClean, PE Lee, RK Miklas, PN TI Sequence diversity analysis of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase intron 1 in common bean SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris; intron; diversity; evolution ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DNA POLYMORPHISM; WILD; FABACEAE; RECOMBINATION; ARABIDOPSIS; NEUTRALITY; ALIGNMENT AB Variation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was investigated by sequencing intron I of the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene for 92 genotypes that represent both landraces and cultivars. We were also interested in determining if introns provide sufficient variation for genetic diversity studies and if the sequence data could be used to develop allele-specific primers that could differentiate genotypes using a standard PCR assay. Sixty-nine polymorphic sites were observed. Nucleotide variation (pi/bp) was 0.0481, a value higher than that reported for introns from other plant species. Tests for significant deviation from the mutation drift model were positive for the population as a whole, the cultivar and landrace subsets, and the Middle American landrace set. Significant linkage disequilibrium extended about 300 nucleotides. Twenty haplotypes were detected among the cultivated genotypes. Seven recombination events were detected for the whole population, and six events for the landraces. Recombination was not observed among the landraces within either the Middle American or Andean gene pools. Evidence for hybridization between the two gene pools was discovered. Five allele-specific primers were developed that could distinguish 56 additional genotypes. The allele-specific primers were used to map duplicate DFR genes on linkage group B8. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP McClean, PE (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM phillip.mcclean@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 47 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2004 VL 47 IS 2 BP 266 EP 280 DI 10.1139/G03-103 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 816JC UT WOS:000221105200005 PM 15060579 ER PT J AU Mater, Y Baenziger, S Gill, K Graybosch, R Whitcher, L Baker, C Specht, J Dweikat, I AF Mater, Y Baenziger, S Gill, K Graybosch, R Whitcher, L Baker, C Specht, J Dweikat, I TI Linkage mapping of powdery mildew and greenbug resistance genes on recombinant IRS from 'Amigol and 'Kavkaz' wheat-rye translocations of chromosome 1RS.1AL SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE microsatellites; SSRs; RFLP; secalin-gliadin; alien genes introgression ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE; BREAD WHEAT; 1BL/1RS TRANSLOCATION; BAKING QUALITY; RICH REGION; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; MARKERS; 1RS AB Cultivated rye (Secale cereale L., 2n = 2x = 14, RR) is an important source of genes for insect and disease resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42). Rye chromosome arm IRS of S. cereale 'Kavkaz' originally found as a 1BL.1RS translocation, carries genes for disease resistance (e.g., Lr26, Sr31, Yr9, and Pm8), while IRS of the S. cereale 'Amigo' translocation (IRSA) Carries a single resistance gene for greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) biotypes B and C and also carries additional disease-resistance genes. The purpose of this research was to identify individual plants that were recombinant in the homologous region of .1AL.1RS(v) and 1AL.1RS(A) using both molecular and phenotypic markers. Secale cereale 'Nekota' (1AL.1RS(A)) and S. cereale 'Pavon 76' (1AL.1RS(v)) were mated and the F-1 was backcrossed to 'Nekota' (1AL.1AS) to generate eighty BC1F2:3 families (i.e., ('Nekota' 1AL.1RS(A) X 'Pavon 76' 1AL.1RS(V)) x 'Nekota' 1AL.1AS). These families were genotyped using the secalin-gliadin grain storage protein banding pattern generated with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to discriminate 1AL.1AS/1AL.1RS heterozygotes from the 1AL.1RS(A+V) and 1AL.1AS homozygotes. Segregation of the secalin locus and PCR markers based on the R173 family of rye specific repeated DNA sequences demonstrated the presence of recombinant 1AL.1RS(A+V) families. Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and greenbug resistance genes on the recombinant IRSA+V arm were mapped in relation to the Sec-1 locus, 2 additional protein bands, 3 SSRs, and 13 RFLP markers. The resultant linkage map of IRS spanned 82.4 cM with marker order and spacing showing reasonable agreement with previous maps of IRS. Fifteen markers lie within a region of 29.7 cM next to the centromere, yet corresponded to just 36% of the overall map length. The map position of the RFLP marker probe mwg68 was 10.9 cM distal to the Sec-1 locus and 7.8 cM proximal to the powdery mildew resistance locus. The greenbug resistance gene was located 2.7 cM proximal to the Sec-1 locus. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Dweikat, I (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM idweikat2@unl.edu NR 43 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2004 VL 47 IS 2 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1139/G03-101 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 816JC UT WOS:000221105200007 PM 15060581 ER PT J AU Woram, RA McGowan, C Stout, JA Gharbi, K Ferguson, MM Hoyheim, B Davidson, EA Davidson, WS Rexroad, C Danzmann, RG AF Woram, RA McGowan, C Stout, JA Gharbi, K Ferguson, MM Hoyheim, B Davidson, EA Davidson, WS Rexroad, C Danzmann, RG TI A genetic linkage map for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus): evidence for higher recombination rates and segregation distortion in hybrid versus pure strain mapping parents SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE salmonid fishes; polyploidy; homeology; genetic markers ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; UPPER TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHROMOSOMES; SEX; IDENTIFICATION; LOCI; PSEUDOLINKAGE; EXPRESSION; SELECTION AB We constructed a genetic linkage map for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) using two backcrosses between genetically divergent strains. Forty-six linkage groups (expected = 39-41) and 19 homeologous affinities (expected = 25) were identified using 184 microsatellites, 129 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), 13 type I gene markers, and one phenotypic marker, SEX. Twenty-six markers remain unlinked. Female map distance (9.92 Morgans) was substantially higher than male map distance (3.90 Morgans) based on the most complete parental information (i.e., the F, hybrids). Female recombination rates were often significantly higher than those of males across all pairwise comparisons within homologous chromosomal segments (average female to male ratios within families was 1.69:1). The female hybrid parent had significantly higher recombination rates than the pure strain female parent. Segregation distortion was detected in four linkage groups (4, 8, 13, 20) for both families. In family 3, only the largest fish were sampled for genotyping, suggesting that segregation distortion may represent regions possessing influences on growth. In family 2, almost all cases showing segregation distortion involved markers in the female hybrid parent. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Zool, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Oslo, Norway. ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Danzmann, RG (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Zool, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM rdanzman@uoguelph.ca RI Gharbi, Karim/C-5771-2012 OI Gharbi, Karim/0000-0003-1092-4488 NR 40 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 22 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2004 VL 47 IS 2 BP 304 EP 315 DI 10.1139/G03-127 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 816JC UT WOS:000221105200009 PM 15060583 ER PT J AU Mudge, J Yan, HH Denny, RL Howe, DK Danesh, D Marek, LF Retzel, E Shoemaker, RC Young, ND AF Mudge, J Yan, HH Denny, RL Howe, DK Danesh, D Marek, LF Retzel, E Shoemaker, RC Young, ND TI Soybean bacterial artificial chromosome contigs anchored with RFLPs: insights into genome duplication and gene clustering SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; bacterial artifical chromosome; restriction fragment length polymorphism; genome duplication; gene distribution ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; DRAFT SEQUENCE; RICH REGIONS; GLYCINE-MAX; CLONES; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION AB Surveying the soybean genome with 683 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contiguous groups (contigs) anchored by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) enabled us to explore microsyntenic relationships among duplicated regions and also to examine the physical organization of hypomethylated (and presumably gene-rich) genomic regions. Numerous cases where nonhomologous RFLPs hybridized to common BAC clones indicated that RFLPs were physically clustered in soybean, apparently in less than 25% of the genome. By extension, we speculate that most of the genes are clustered in less than 275 M of the soybean genome. Approximately 40%-45% of this gene-rich portion is associated with the RFLP-anchored contigs described in this study. Similarities in genome organization among BAC contigs from duplicate genomic regions were also examined. Homoeologous BAC contigs often exhibited extensive microsynteny. Furthermore, paralogs recovered from duplicate contigs shared 86%-100% sequence identity. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Minnesota, Acad Hlth Ctr, Ctr Computat Genom & Bioinformat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Young, ND (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM neviny@umn.edu NR 57 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2004 VL 47 IS 2 BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.1139/G03-141 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 816JC UT WOS:000221105200015 PM 15060589 ER PT J AU Alkharouf, N Khan, R Matthews, B AF Alkharouf, N Khan, R Matthews, B TI Analysis of expressed sequence tags from roots of resistant soybean infected by the soybean cyst nematode SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tag; gene expression; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; plant-pathogen interaction; transcript profile ID GENE-EXPRESSION; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; CIONA-INTESTINALIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DISEASE; GENERATION; PROFILES; FAMILY; RICE; ESTS AB The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines is the most devastating pest of soybean in the U.S.A. The resistance response elicited by SCN in soybean is complex, and genes involved in the response to a large extent are unknown and not well characterized. We constructed cDNA libraries made from mRNA extracted from roots of the resistant soybean Glycine max L. Merr. 'Peking' at 12 h, 2 to 4 days, and 6 to 8 days post inoculation with the soybean cyst nematode, population NL1-RHp, similar to race 3. Expressed sequence tag analysis of the libraries provides rapid discovery of genes involved in the response of soybean to the nematode. A total of 3454 cDNA clones were examined from the three libraries, of which 25 cDNAs were derived from nematode RNA. The levels of certain stress-induced genes such as SAM22 and glutathione S-transferase (GST8) were elevated in the SCN-infected roots relative to uninoculated roots. Early defense response genes, particularly ascorbate peroxidase and lipoxygenase, were abundant in the 12-h library. By 6-8 days, the expression of most of those genes was not as abundant, whereas genes coding for unknown proteins and stress-induced proteins continued to be highly expressed. These ESTs and associated information will be useful to scientists examining gene and protein interactions between nematodes and plants. C1 ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Matthews, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM matthewb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2004 VL 47 IS 2 BP 380 EP 388 DI 10.1139/G03-114 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 816JC UT WOS:000221105200017 PM 15060591 ER PT J AU Vaghchhipawala, ZE Schlueter, JA Shoemaker, RC Mackenzie, SA AF Vaghchhipawala, ZE Schlueter, JA Shoemaker, RC Mackenzie, SA TI Soybean FGAM synthase promoters direct ectopic nematode feeding site activity SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE FGAM synthase; promoter analysis; syncytium; Heterodera schachtii; soybean cyst nematode ID EARLY COMPATIBLE INTERACTION; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CYST-NEMATODE; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; INFECTION; PROTEIN; DNA AB Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) resistance in soybean is a complex oligogenic trait. One of the most important nematode resistance genes, rhg1, has been mapped to a distal region of molecular linkage group G in soybean. A simplified genetic system to identify soybean genes with modified expression in response to SCN led to the identification of several genes within the nematode feeding sites. The genes were mapped to reveal their linkage relationship to known QTLs associated with soybean cyst nematode (SCN) resistance. One candidate, a phosphoribosylformyl-glycinamidine (FGAM) synthase (EC 6.3.5.3) gene, mapped to the same genomic interval as the major SCN resistance gene rhg1 within linkage group G. Isolation of FGAM synthase from a soybean bacteria] artificial chromosome (BAC) library revealed two highly homologous paralogs. The genes appeared to be well conserved between bacteria and humans. Promoter analysis of the two soybean homologs was carried out with the Arabidopsis thaliana - Heterodera schachtii system to investigate gene response to nematode feeding. The two promoters and their derived deletion constructions effected green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression within nematode feeding sites. The 1.0-kb promoter sequence immediately adjacent to the translation start site was sufficient to direct expression of GFP within syncytia. A wound-inducible element and a floral organ expression sequence were also identified within these promoters. Although a nematode-responsive element could not be identified, the observed expression of GFP within feeding sites supports the hypothesis that plant gene expression is redirected within feeding sites to benefit the parasite. C1 Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Zool & Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mackenzie, SA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM smackenzie2@unl.edu OI Schlueter, Jessica/0000-0002-6490-0580 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2004 VL 47 IS 2 BP 404 EP 413 DI 10.1139/G03-110 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 816JC UT WOS:000221105200020 PM 15060594 ER PT J AU Lehman, RM O'Connell, SP Banta, A Fredrickson, JK Reysenbach, AL Kieft, TL Colwell, FS AF Lehman, RM O'Connell, SP Banta, A Fredrickson, JK Reysenbach, AL Kieft, TL Colwell, FS TI Microbiological comparison of core and groundwater samples collected from a fractured basalt aquifer with that of dialysis chambers incubated in situ SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aquifer; attached; free-living; groundwater; microbiology; subsurface; TCE ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; TERRESTRIAL SUBSURFACE; UNATTACHED BACTERIA; SOUTHEASTERN SWEDEN; PLAIN AQUIFER; SEDIMENTS; BIODEGRADATION AB Microorganisms associated with basalt core were compared to those suspended in groundwater pumped from the same well in the eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer ( Idaho, USA). Two wells located at different distances from the source of a mixed-waste plume in the fractured basalt aquifer were examined. In the well more distal from the plume source, an array of dialysis chambers filled with either deionized water or crushed basalt was equilibrated to compare the microorganisms collected in this fashion with those from core and groundwater samples collected in a traditional manner from the same well. The samples were characterized to determine the total amount of biomass, presence of specific populations or physiological groups, and potential community functions. Microorganisms and their activities were nearly undetectable in core and groundwater collected from the well farthest from the plume source and substantially enriched in both core and groundwater from the well closest to the plume source. In both wells, differences ( statistically significant for some measures) were found between bacteria associated with the cores and those suspended in the groundwater. Significantly higher populations were found in the basalt- and water-filled dialysis chambers incubated in the open well compared with core and groundwater samples, respectively. For a given parameter, the variation among dialysis chambers incubated at different depths was much less than the high variation observed among core samples. Analyses on selected basalt- and water-filled dialysis chamber samples suggested that these two communities were compositionally similar but exhibited different potential functions. Documented knowledge of cell physiological changes associated with attachment and potential differences between attached and unattached communities in aquifers indicate that careful consideration should be given to the type of sample media (i.e., core, groundwater, substrata incubated in a well) used to represent a subsurface environment. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Pacific NW Natl LAb, Dept Environm Microbiol, Richland, WA USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Biol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Lehman, RM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM mlehman@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178 NR 52 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD APR-MAY PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 169 EP 182 DI 10.1080/01490450490275848 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 804WB UT WOS:000220327700004 ER PT J AU Hubbard, RM Ryan, MG Giardina, CP Barnard, H AF Hubbard, RM Ryan, MG Giardina, CP Barnard, H TI The effect of fertilization on sap flux and canopy conductance in a Eucalyptus saligna experimental forest SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth; nutrients; sap flow; stomatal conductance; transpiration; water use ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; PINUS-RADIATA; CARBON ALLOCATION; SOUTH-AFRICA; DOUGLAS-FIR; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; NUTRIENT; TRANSPIRATION AB Land devoted to plantation forestry (50 million ha) has been increasing worldwide and the genus Eucalyptus is a popular plantation species (14 million ha) for its rapid growth and ability to grow well on a wide range of sites. Fertilization is a common silvicultural tool to improve tree growth with potential effects on stand water use, but the relationship between wood growth and water use in response to fertilization remains poorly quantified. Our objectives in this study were to determine the extent, timing and longevity of fertilization effects on water use and wood growth in a non-water limited Eucalyptus saligna experimental forest near Hilo, HI. We evaluated the short- and long-term effects of fertilization on water use by measuring sap flux per unit sapwood area, canopy conductance, transpiration per unit leaf area and water-use efficiency in control and fertilized stands. Short-term effects were assessed by comparing sap flux before and after fertilizer application. Long-term effects were assessed by comparing control plots and plots that had received nutrient additions for 5 years. For the short-term response, total water use in fertilized plots increased from 265 to 487 mm yr(-1) during the 5 months following fertilization. The increase was driven by an increase in stand leaf area accompanied by an increase in sap flux per unit sapwood area. Sap flux per unit leaf area and canopy conductance did not differ during the 5 months following fertilizer additions. For the last 2 months of our short-term measurements, fertilized trees used less water per unit carbon gain (361 compared with 751 kg H2O kg C-1 in control stands). Trees with 5 years of fertilization also used significantly more water than controls (401 vs. 302 mm yr(-1)) because of greater leaf area in the fertilized stands. Sap flux per unit sapwood area, sap flux per unit leaf area, and canopy conductance did not differ between control and fertilized trees in the long-term plots. In contrast to the short-term response, the long-term response of water use per unit wood growth was not significant. Overall, fertilization of E. saligna at our site increased stand water use by increasing leaf area. Fertilized trees grew more wood and used more water, but fertilization did not change wood growth per unit water use. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. URS Corp, Denver, CO 80237 USA. RP Hubbard, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rhubbard@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; Hubbard, Robert/J-6059-2012 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; NR 54 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00741.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 808DC UT WOS:000220548800004 ER PT J AU List, GR Adlof, RO Carrierre, CJ Dunn, RO AF List, GR Adlof, RO Carrierre, CJ Dunn, RO TI Melting properties of some structured lipids native to high stearic acid soybean oil SO GRASAS Y ACEITES LA English DT Article DE differential scanning calorimetry; heats of fusion; Mettler dropping point; nuclear magnetic resonance; soybean oil; structured lipids ID TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AB A number of structured lipids native to high stearic acid soybean oil were synthesized and their physical properties were determined by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Mettler dropping point and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 1,3 Distearo-2-olein (SOS), 1,3 distearo-2-linolein (SLS) and 1,3 distearo-2-linolenin (Sins) were synthesized from pure 1,3 diacylglycerols and the appropriate fatty acid. Pulsed NMR determinations over the temperature range 10-50 degrees C showed that the symmetrical triacylglycerols (PUS: where S = stearic, U = oleic, linoleic or linolenic) are high and sharply melting materials, all showing substantial amounts of solids at temperatures; up to 33.3 degrees C, yet are completely melted at only a few degrees higher. Mettler dropping points for SOS, SLS and SInS were 44.1, 37.9 and 36.5 degrees C respectively. The heats of fusion for the structured triacylglycerols were determined by DSC and shown to be of the order 29-32 cal/gm compared to 45 cal/gm for SSS. The heats of fusion were also calculated from Mettler dropping point determinations as admixtures with soybean oil and showed consistent agreement with the DSC data. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP List, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM listGR@ncaur.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST GRASA SUS DERIVADOS PI SEVILLE PA AVDA-PADRE GARCIA TEJERO 4, 41012 SEVILLE, SPAIN SN 0017-3495 J9 GRASAS ACEITES JI Grasas Aceites PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 55 IS 2 BP 135 EP 137 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 907OA UT WOS:000227726200004 ER PT J AU Biggs, AR Miller, SS AF Biggs, AR Miller, SS TI Relative susceptibility of selected apple cultivars to fruit rot caused by Botryosphaeria obtusa SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus x domestica; black rot; cultivar evaluation; disease susceptibility ID DOTHIDEA AB Twenty-three apple (Malus xdomestica) cultivars were tested in the field and laboratory for their relative susceptibility to the black rot pathogen, Botryosphaeria obtusa. Wounded fruit were inoculated in the field at 2 to 3 weeks preharvest with mycelium from 14- to 21-day-old cultures. In the laboratory, detached fruit were inoculated similarly. Fruit were rated for relative susceptibility to the fungus by determining disease severity of attached fruit in the field based on lesion growth (mm/degree-day) and detached fruit in laboratory inoculations of wounded fruit (mean lesion diameter after 4 days). Based on the laboratory and field data from two growing seasons, cultivars were classified into three relative susceptibility groups-most susceptible: 'Orin', 'Pristine', and Sunrise'; moderately susceptible: 'Suncrisp','Ginger Gold','Senshu','Honeycrisp','PioneerMac', 'Fortune', NY75414,'Arlet','Golden Supreme','Shizuka','Cameo','Sansa', and 'Yataka'; and least susceptible: 'Creston', 'Golden Delicious', 'Enterprise', 'Gala Supreme', 'Brae-burn', 'GoldRush', and 'Fuji'. Compared to previous cultivar rankings, the results of the present study indicate that no new apple cultivars from the first NE-183 planting show greater resistance to Botryosphaeria obtusa than current standard cultivars. C1 W Virginia Univ, Kearneysville Tree Fruit Res & Educ Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Biggs, AR (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Kearneysville Tree Fruit Res & Educ Ctr, POB 609, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Alan.Biggs@mail.wvu.edu OI Biggs, Alan/0000-0001-8362-9530 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 303 EP 306 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 814KO UT WOS:000220973800019 ER PT J AU Reed, SM AF Reed, SM TI Self-incompatibility and time of stigma receptivity in two species of Hydrangea SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeding; pollen tube growth; Hydrangea paniculata; Hydrangea quercifolia; oakleaf hydrangea; panicle hydrangea AB The objectives of this study were to evaluate self-incompatibility in Hydrangea paniculata Sieb. and H. quercifolia Bartr. and to determine optimum time for pollination of these two species. Flowers from three genotypes of each species were collected 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours after cross- and self-pollination, stained with aniline blue and observed using a fluorescence microscope. In both species, pollen germination was observed on stigmas of over half of the flowers collected 4 to 72 hours after cross- or self-pollination. Differences in pollen tube length between cross- and self-pollinated flowers were noted from 8 to 72 hours after pollination in H. paniculata and from 24 to 72 hours after pollination in H. quercifolia. By 72 hours after pollination, most self-pollen tubes had only penetrated the top third of the style but cross-pollen tubes had grown to the base of the style and entered 40% to 60% of the ovules. Stigmas of H. paniculata were receptive to pollen from anthesis to 5 days after anthesis, while stigmas of H. quercifolia were receptive from I to 5 days after anthesis. This study provides evidence of a gametophytic self-incompatibility system in H. paniculata and H. quercifolia. Occasional self-seed set previously observed in these species was theorized to have been due to pseudo-self compatibility. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum,ARS, USDA,Nursery Crop Res Stn, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. RP Reed, SM (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum,ARS, USDA,Nursery Crop Res Stn, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 312 EP 315 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 814KO UT WOS:000220973800021 ER PT J AU Meng, RG Chen, THH Finn, CE Li, YH AF Meng, RG Chen, THH Finn, CE Li, YH TI Improving in vitro plant regeneration from leaf and petiole explants of 'Marion' blackberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rubus; tissue culture; thidiazuron ID ADVENTITIOUS SHOOT REGENERATION; ENHANCES FREEZING TOLERANCE; TRAILING BLACKBERRY; RUBUS GENOTYPES; COLD-HARDINESS; RED RASPBERRY; EXCISED RUBUS; INVITRO; LEAVES; TRANSFORMATION AB Experiments focusing on plant growth regulators' concentrations and combinations, mineral salt formulations, and TDZ pretreatment formations were conducted to optimize in vitro shoot regeneration from leaf and petiole explants of 'Marion' blackberry. Optimum shoot formation was obtained when stock plants were incubated in TDZ pretreatment medium for 3 weeks before culturing leaf explants on regeneration medium (Woody Plant Medium with 5 mum BA and 0.5 mum IBA) in darkness for 1 week before transfer to light photoperiod (16-hour photoperiod at photosynthetic photon flux of approximate to50 mumol.m(-2.)s(-1))at 23 degreesC 2 degreesC for 4 weeks. Under these conditions, approximate to70% of leaf explants formed approximate to40 shoots per petri dish that could be harvested and rooted to form plantlets. Chemical names used: N-6-benzyladenine (BA); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); gibberellic acid (GA(3)); indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thidiazol-5-ylurea [thidiazuron (TDZ)]. C1 USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM finnc@science.oregonstate.edu NR 30 TC 14 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 316 EP 320 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 814KO UT WOS:000220973800022 ER PT J AU Reed, SM AF Reed, SM TI Self-incompatibility in Cornus florida SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeding; pollen tube growth ID DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE; FLOWERING DOGWOOD AB Low seed set has been reported following self-pollinations of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.). The objective of this study was to verify the presence of self-incompatibility in C. florida. 'Cherokee Princess' stigmas and styles were collected 1, 2,4,8,12,24, 48, and 72 hours after cross- and self-pollinations, stained with aniline blue and observed using a fluorescence microscope. Pollen germinated freely following self-pollinations, but self-pollen tubes grew slower than those resulting from cross-pollinations. By 48 hours after cross-pollination, pollen tubes had reached the bottom of the style while pollen tubes in self-pollinated flowers had only penetrated the upper third of the style. Evidence of reduced pollen tube growth rate in self-pollinations of 'Cherokee Chief' and 'Cherokee Brave' was also obtained. This study provides evidence of a gametophytic self-incompatibity system in C.florida. It was also determined that stigmas of C.florida 'Cherokee Princess' are receptive to pollen from I day prior to anthesis to I day after anthesis. C1 Tennessee State Univ, USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum,Nursery Crop Res Stn, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. RP Reed, SM (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum,Nursery Crop Res Stn, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 814KO UT WOS:000220973800027 ER PT J AU Stommel, JR Griesbach, RJ AF Stommel, JR Griesbach, RJ TI Capsicum annuum L. 'Tangerine description dream' SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pepper; ornamentals; breeding C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM stommelj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 448 EP 449 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 814KO UT WOS:000220973800054 ER PT J AU Linderman, RG Davis, EA AF Linderman, RG Davis, EA TI Evaluation of commercial inorganic and organic fertilizer effects on arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by Glomus intraradices SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa; Rosa; endomycorrhizae; container production; phosphorus ID PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILIZATION; SOIL BACTERIA; PH CHANGES; INFECTION; NITROGEN; FUNGI; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COLONIZATION; CUCUMBER AB Formation and function of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are affected by levels of fertility in soil or fertilizers applied to soilless container mixes. For AM fungi, phosphorus (P) is the main element influencing colonization of host plant roots. The question addressed in this study was whether inorganic or organic fertilizers were more compatible with the formation and function of AM. Several controlled-release inorganic (CRI) fertilizers were compared with several organic (OR) fertilizers at different rates (1/2x to 4x the recommended rate) to determine (1) threshold levels of tolerance by the AM fungus Glomus intraradices in relation to root colonization, and (2) growth responses of 'Guardsman' bunching onion (Allium cepa) and 'Orange Cupido' miniature rose (Rosa spp.) plants grown in a soilless potting mix or sandy loam soil. AM colonization in soil was greatly decreased or totally inhibited by CRI fertilizers with high P content at the 2x rate or greater, whereas colonization was decreased but never eliminated by low-P OR fertilizers at the 3x rate or greater. Shoot growth of onions was similar with or without AM inoculation when fertilized with CRI, but in general was only enhanced by OR fertilizers if inoculated with AM fungi, compared to the noninoculated controls. Shoot and root growth of onions were significantly increased by AM inoculation when OR fertilizers were used at the 1 x rate. In contrast, root growth was not increased by the combination of CRI fertilizers and AM fungal inoculation. Inoculation of miniature roses grown in sandy loam amended with 25% peat and perlite and fertilized with all the CRI or OR fertilizers resulted in high AM colonization, but without much AM-induced growth increase except where OR fertilizers or CRI fertilizers with low P were used. In a soilless potting mix, growth of miniature roses was less with OR fertilizers at the rates used than CRI fertilizers, but mycorrhiza. formation was greater in the former unless P was low in the latter. These results indicate that release of nutrients from organic fertilizers, as a result of microbial activity, favors AM establishment and function more than most inorganic fertilizers unless P levels of the latter are low. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Linderman, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM lindermr@science.ore.gonstate.edu NR 20 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 22 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 196 EP 202 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 809IR UT WOS:000220630900006 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Mielke, EA Elfving, DC AF Drake, SR Mielke, EA Elfving, DC TI Maturity and storage quality of Concorde' pears SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE postharvest; controlled atmosphere; Pyrus communis ID BARTLETT PEARS; HARVEST AB 'Concorde' pears from three plantings were harvested at various maturities, stored in regular (RA) or controlled atmosphere (CA) storage and their quality evaluated. Starting at a firmness of 57.0 N (12.81 lbf), 'Concorde' pears can be harvested over a period of 14 days with no loss in quality and be good candidates for either RA or CA storage. A 14-day delay in harvest resulted in a one box size increase. Regardless of the time of harvest, 'Concorde' pears can be stored in RA for periods not to exceed 90 days. RA storage beyond 90 days resulted in reduced appearance, poor pedicel condition, and enhanced internal breakdown. Early harvest should be considered when RA storage is expected to exceed 90 days; however astringency may develop. Regardless of harvest, 'Concorde' pears can be stored for 180 days in CA with no quality loss, particularly if the CA composition is 1.5% oxygen (O-2) and 1.0% carbon dioxide (CO2). Internal breakdown can be a problem in CA if the CO2 exceeds 1.0%. Low O-2 (<1.5%) CA is not recommended for 'Concorde' pears. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 250 EP 256 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 809IR UT WOS:000220630900016 ER PT J AU Ganan, A Corella, D Guillen, M Ordovas, JM Pocovi, M AF Ganan, A Corella, D Guillen, M Ordovas, JM Pocovi, M TI Frequencies of apolipoprotein A4 gene polymorphisms and association with serum lipid concentrations in two healthy Spanish populations SO HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4); lipids; APOA4 polymorphism; APOE; fat intake; Spain ID ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; DIETARY-FAT; LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS; IV POLYMORPHISM; HUMAN-PLASMA; CHOLESTEROL RESPONSE; HEART-DISEASE; ACTIVATION; HUMANS; APOA-IV-2 AB Apolipoprotein A4 (apoA4) plays a role in intestinal lipid absorption. Several experimental interventions have shown that common variations at residues 347 (Thr --> Ser) and 360 (Gln --> His) on apoA4 are associated with differences in plasma lipid response to dietary fat; however, association studies between these variants and plasma lipid concentrations in populations reveal mixed results. We examined the effects of these polymorphisms in 758 randomly selected subjects (mean age 36.7 +/- 9.5 years) from 2 Spanish regions differing in latitude and fat intake: Aragon and Comunidad Valenciana. Subjects were matched one to one by sex and age. Frequencies for the less common alleles were similar in both regions: 0.096 (95% CI: 0.111-0.081) for codon 360 and 0.196 (95% CI: 0.216-0.176) for codon 347. In men and women there was no association between the codon 360 polymorphism and total cholesterol or triglyceride levels. However, subjects carrying the 360His allele had low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations statistically lower than homozygotes for the 360Gln allele, even after further adjustment for sex, age, region, body mass index, and APOE polymorphism (p = 0.043). The less common allele at codon 347 (the 347Ser allele) was associated with increased LDL-cholesterol concentrations with a clear gene-dosage effect after multivariate adjustment (p = 0.029). Although these polymorphisms showed no heterogeneity by geographic region, the magnitude of the effect was higher in subjects from Aragon compared with the Comunidad Valenciana, suggesting a possible influence of the higher fat intake in Aragon. In the combined association analysis subjects with the 360Gln/347Ser pseudo-haplotype had the highest LDL-cholesterol concentrations, supporting the antagonistic effect between the 360His and the 347Ser alleles on this trait. C1 Univ Zaragoza, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol & Celular, Zaragoza, Spain. Univ Valencia, Unidad Epidemiol Genet & Mol, Dept Med Preventiva & Salud Publ, Fac Med, Valencia 46010, Spain. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ganan, A (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol & Celular, Zaragoza, Spain. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAYNE STATE UNIV PRESS PI DETROIT PA 4809 WOODWARD AVE, DETROIT, MI 48201-1309 USA SN 0018-7143 J9 HUM BIOL JI Hum. Biol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 76 IS 2 BP 253 EP 266 DI 10.1353/hub.2004.0031 PG 14 WC Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Genetics & Heredity GA 842WU UT WOS:000223036000005 PM 15359534 ER PT J AU Khalifeh, MS Stabel, JR AF Khalifeh, MS Stabel, JR TI Effects of gamma interferon, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor beta on the survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in monocyte-derived macrophages from naturally infected cattle SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TGF-BETA; TUBERCULOSIS; RESPONSES; MICE; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1; PROLIFERATION; ACTIVATION; IMMUNITY AB Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) plays a significant role in the control of mycobacterial infections, including Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. However, the contribution of other immunoregulatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), in Johne's disease has not been investigated as yet. In this study, we examined the effects of in vivo and in vitro infection with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis on the production of IFN-gamma, IL-10, and TGF-beta by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We also examined the effects of exogenous IFN-gamma, IL-10, and TGF-beta on M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis survival in the cell cultures. PBMC obtained from naturally infected cows, regardless of their disease status, specifically upregulated IL-10 and TGF-beta in culture supernatants in response to stimulation with live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Nonstimulated PBMC recovered from subclinically infected animals secreted the lowest levels of TGF-beta, but after stimulation with live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, TGF-beta levels in the culture supernatants increased to levels similar to that produced by PBMC from healthy animals. The numbers of viable M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis recovered from cultures from naturally infected animals were higher than those from healthy cows after in vitro infection with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The addition of exogenous IL-10 and TGF-beta to PBMC isolated from healthy cows inhibited the bactericidal activity of these cells as evidenced by the increased number of viable M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis recovered from these cultures compared to cell cultures containing medium alone. These data suggest important immune regulatory roles for IL-10 and TGF-beta during infection with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis that may be directly related to their effects on macrophage activation and killing of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2004 VL 72 IS 4 BP 1974 EP 1982 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.4.1974-1982.2004 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 807DG UT WOS:000220481600015 PM 15039317 ER PT J AU Collins, AM Williams, V Evans, JD AF Collins, AM Williams, V Evans, JD TI Sperm storage and antioxidative enzyme expression in the honey bee, Apis mellifera SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sperm longevity; reproduction; social insect; transcription ID SEMINAL FLUID PROTEIN; DROSOPHILA; SPERMATOZOA; MOTILITY; CATALASE; OXYGEN; SURVIVAL; BIOLOGY AB Honey bee (Apis mellifera) sperm remains viable in the spermatheca of mated female honey bees for several years. During this time, the sperm retains respiratory activity, placing it at risk of the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species common to many biological processes. Antioxidative enzymes might help reduce this damage. Here we use quantitative real-time RT-PCR to establish gene-expression profiles in male and female honey bee reproductive tissues for three antioxidative enzymes: catalase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD1, cytosolic). Catalase and GST showed ten- to twenty-fold transcript increases in the sperm storage organs of mated queens vs. unmated queens, whereas SOD1 levels are high in both mated and unmated queens. Male reproductive and somatic tissues showed relatively high levels of all three antioxidant-encoding transcripts. All three enzymes screened were higher in mature males vs. young males, although this effect did not appear to be confined to reproductive tissues and, hence, need not reflect a role in sperm longevity. Furthermore, antioxidative enzyme transcripts remained present, and apparently increased, in male tissues long after sperm had matured and seminal fluid was produced. We also found measurable levels of catalase transcripts in honey bee semen. The presence of catalase transcripts in both reproductive tissues and semen in bees suggests that this enzyme might play a key role in antioxidative protection. C1 ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, BARC E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM evansj@ba.urs.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 20 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.0962-1075.2004.00469.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 807SZ UT WOS:000220522500005 PM 15056361 ER PT J AU Kutz, SJ Hoberg, EP Nagy, J Polley, L Elkin, B AF Kutz, SJ Hoberg, EP Nagy, J Polley, L Elkin, B TI "Emerging" parasitic infections in arctic ungulates SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2003 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID MUSKOXEN OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; CARIBOU RANGIFER-TARANDUS; UMINGMAKSTRONGYLUS-PALLIKUUKENSIS NEMATODA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII ANTIBODIES; OVIS-ARIES L; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DICTYOCAULUS SPP.; PROTOSTRONGYLIDAE; SHEEP AB Important drivers for emergence of infectious disease in wildlife include changes in the environment, shrinking habitats or concentration of wildlife, and movement of people, animals, pathogens, or vectors. In this paper we present three case-studies of emerging parasitic infections and diseases in ungulates in the Canadian north. First we discuss climate warming as an important driver for the emergence of disease associated with Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis, a nematode lungworm of muskoxen. Then we examine how Protostrongylus stilesi, the sheep lungworm, emerged (or re-emerged) in muskoxen after re-introduction of this host into its historical range made it sympatric with Dall's sheep. Finally, we consider Teladorsagia boreoarcticus, a newly described and common abomasal nematode of muskoxen that is emerging as a disease-causing parasite and may be an important regulator for muskox populations on Banks Island, Northwest Territories. These and other arctic host-parasite systems are exquisitely tuned and constrained by a harsh and highly seasonal environment. The dynamics of these systems will be impacted by climate change and other ecological disruptions. Baseline knowledge of parasite biodiversity and parasite and host ecology, together with predictive models and long-term monitoring programs, are essential for anticipating and detecting altered patterns of host range, geographic distribution, and the emergence of parasitic infections and diseases. C1 Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. USDA, ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD 20715 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim Parasite Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20715 USA. Govt NW Terr, Dept Resources Wildlife & Econ Dev, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada. Govt NW Terr, Dept Resources Wildlife & Econ Dev, Yellowknife, NT X1A 3S8, Canada. RP Kutz, SJ (reprint author), Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. EM susan.kutz@mask.ca NR 77 TC 52 Z9 61 U1 8 U2 37 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 44 IS 2 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1093/icb/44.2.109 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 841DO UT WOS:000222909700004 PM 21680491 ER PT J AU Lin, BH Huang, CL French, SA AF Lin, BH Huang, CL French, SA TI Factors associated with women's and children's body mass indices by income status SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE adiposity; women's BMI; children's BMI; CSFII and DHKS; income segmentation ID FOOD RESTAURANT USE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS; CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; SECULAR TRENDS; US CHILDREN; OBESITY; ADOLESCENTS; DIETARY AB OBJECTIVE: To describe associations between eating behaviors, dietary intake, physical activity, attitudes toward diet and health, sociodemographic variables and body mass index (BMI) among women and children, and differences by household income. DESIGN: Data from the 1994 - 1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS) were examined using multivariate regression to estimate the associations between BMI and behavioral and environmental variables among women and children. SUBJECTS: CSFII 1994 - 1996 is representative of the US population. DHKS surveyed CSFII respondents 20 y of age and over. Our samples consisted of 2419 adult women and 1651 school-age children. MEASUREMENTS: CSFII respondents reported 24 h recalls of all food intakes on 2 nonconsecutive days and their personal and household characteristics, including self-reported height and weight. DHKS collected data on knowledge and attitudes toward dietary guidance and health from CSFII adult respondents. RESULTS: Significant correlations between women's BMI and age, race, dietary patterns, TV watching, and smoking was observed among women from both low- and high-income households. Beverage consumption, eating out, the importance of maintaining healthy weight, and exercise were correlated with BMI only among women from high-income households. Among children, age, race, income, and mother's BMI were significantly correlated with child BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Among women, the associations between some behavioral and environmental factors and BMI differ by household income. Intervention programs need to target specific eating and physical activity behaviors to promote a healthy body weight. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Lin, BH (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW Room N4084, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM blin@ers.usda.gov NR 24 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD APR PY 2004 VL 28 IS 4 BP 536 EP 542 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802604 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 804ME UT WOS:000220302000012 PM 14770199 ER PT J AU Nyankanga, RO Wien, HC Olanya, OM Ojiambo, PS AF Nyankanga, RO Wien, HC Olanya, OM Ojiambo, PS TI Farmers' cultural practices and management of potato late blight in Kenya Highlands: implications for development of integrated disease management SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE farmers' knowledge; fungicides; Phytophthora infestans ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; UNITED-STATES; PERCEPTIONS; RESISTANCE; TOMATO; IPM AB A survey of 277 farmers in three major potato-growing areas in Kenya was conducted in 2000 and 2001 with the aims of assessing farmers' current perception and knowledge of late blight and practices for its management and identifying points of potential intervention in the development of integrated disease management (IDM) programmes. The problem of late blight was one of several constraints that growers faced such as lack of quality seed, markets, storage and prevalence of bacterial wilt. Most farmers (54%) regarded late blight as a serious biotic constraint upon production. Many farmers (79%) were able to recognise foliar symptoms of late blight but there was an evident lack of knowledge of tuber and stem infection, causes of leaf, stem and tuber infection, different inoculum sources, and accurate diagnosis of the disease. Most (81%) farmers associated the disease with cold weather. Farmers overwhelmingly (98%) relied on application of fungicides, mostly mancozeb (Dithane M45) and metalaxyl (Ridomil) as the main control methods, with most farmers knowing of no other method. High cost of fungicide, poor application techniques, and preference of susceptible cultivars were among the reasons contributing to inadequate control of late blight. Very few farmers showed any elements of IDM strategies, probably due to their limited knowledge of the biology of late blight. These results suggest that improvement of late blight control could be achieved by enhancing farmers' knowledge and developing and deploying IDM practices involving a multidisciplinary approach, which encompasses addressing other production constraints. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Nyankanga, RO (reprint author), Egerton Univ, Dept Hort, POB 536, Njoro, Kenya. EM ron1@cornell.edu NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 2 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1080/09670870410001691812 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 818RM UT WOS:000221262200008 ER PT J AU Guo, WM Shang, F Liu, Q Urim, L West-Mays, J Taylor, A AF Guo, WM Shang, F Liu, Q Urim, L West-Mays, J Taylor, A TI Differential regulation of components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway during lens cell differentiation SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AP-2-ALPHA TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; CDK INHIBITORS P27(KIP1); EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CONJUGATING ENZYMES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FIBER DIFFERENTIATION; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; TEMPORAL EXPRESSION; DEPENDENT PATHWAY; ACTIVATING ENZYME AB PURPOSE. To investigate the role for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in controlling lens cell proliferation and differentiation and the regulation of the ubiquitin conjugation machinery during the differentiation process. METHODS. bFGF-induced lens cell proliferation and differentiation was monitored in rat lens epithelial explants by bromodeoxyuridine ( BrdU) incorporation and expression of crystallins and other differentiation markers. Levels of typical substrates for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, p21(WAF) and p27(Kip), were monitored during the differentiation process, as were levels and activities of the enzymes involved in ubiquitin conjugation. RESULTS. Explants treated with bFGF initially underwent enhanced proliferation as indicated by BrdU incorporation. Then they withdrew from the cell cycle as indicated by diminished BrdU incorporation and accumulation of p21WAF and p27Kip. bFGF-induced cell proliferation was prohibited or delayed by proteasome inhibitors. Lens epithelial explants treated with bFGF for 7 days displayed characteristics of lens fibers, including expression of large quantities of crystallins. Whereas levels of E1 remained constant during the differentiation process, the levels of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (Ubc)-1 increased approximately twofold, and the thiol ester form of Ubc1 increased approximately threefold on 7 days of bFGF treatment. Levels of Ubc2 increased moderately on bFGF treatment, and most of the Ubc2 was found in the thiol ester form. Although levels of total Ubc3 and -7 remained unchanged, the proportions of Ubc3 and -7 in the thiol ester form were significantly higher in the bFGF-treated explants. Levels of Ubc4/5 and -9 also increased significantly on treatment with bFGF, and more than 90% of Ubc9 was found in the thiol ester form in the bFGF- treated explants. In contrast, levels of Cul1, the backbone of the SCF type of E3s, decreased 50% to 70% in bFGF-treated explants. CONCLUSIONS. The data show that proteolysis through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is required for bFGF-induced lens cell proliferation and differentiation. Various components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway are differentially regulated during lens cell differentiation. The downregulation of Cul1 appears to contribute to the accumulation of p21(WAF) and p27(Kip), which play an important role in establishing a differentiated phenotype. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JMUSDA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JMUSDA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009 OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154 FU NEI NIH HHS [R29 EY011717, EY13078, EY11717, EY13250, P30 EY013078, R03 EY014183, R01 EY011717, R01 EY013250] NR 53 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1194 EP 1201 DI 10.1167/iovs.03-0830 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 806GK UT WOS:000220422200023 PM 15037588 ER PT J AU Mares-Perlman, JA Snodderly, D Gruber, M Moeller, S LaRowe, T Klein, M Wooten, B Johnson, E Chapell, R AF Mares-Perlman, JA Snodderly, D Gruber, M Moeller, S LaRowe, T Klein, M Wooten, B Johnson, E Chapell, R CA CAREDS Grp Investigators TI Determinants of macular pigment density in the carotenoids in age-related eye disease study (CAREDS) an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 24-29, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. OHSU Casey Eye Inst, Portland, OR USA. Brown Univ, Walter S Hunter Lab Psychol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 SU 2 MA 2966 BP U42 EP U42 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 846TC UT WOS:000223338200170 ER PT J AU Shang, F Guo, W Liu, Q Taylor, A AF Shang, F Guo, W Liu, Q Taylor, A TI Lens cells have a ubiquitin-dependent chaperone activity SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 24-29, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009 OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 SU 1 MA 1680 BP U602 EP U602 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 846TA UT WOS:000223338001641 ER PT J AU Taylor, A Dudek, E Liu, Q Shang, F AF Taylor, A Dudek, E Liu, Q Shang, F TI Specificity of ubiquitination for oxidatively modified proteins SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 24-29, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 USDA Human Nutr Res Tufts, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 SU 1 MA 1029 BP U384 EP U384 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 846TA UT WOS:000223338001003 ER PT J AU Dunn, JR Keen, JE Thompson, RA AF Dunn, JR Keen, JE Thompson, RA TI Prevalence of shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in adult dairy cattle SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Research-Workers-in-Animal-Diseases CY NOV, 2002 CL St Louis, MO SP Res Workers Animal Dis ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAYS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BEEF-CATTLE; FARMS; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION AB Objective-To describe shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157:H7) fecal shedding prevalence, seasonal fecal shedding patterns, and site-specific prevalence from the oral cavity, skin, and feces of dairy cattle. Design-Cross-sectional study. Animals-Adult dairy cattle from 13 herds in Louisiana. Procedure Samples were cultured for STEC O157 by use of sensitive and specific techniques, including selective broth enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, monoclonal antibody-based O:H enzyme immunoassay serotyping, and polymerase chain reaction virulence gene characterization. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for fecal shedding prevalence as well as site-specific prevalence from the oral cavity, skin, and feces. Logistic regression was used to assess seasonal variation and differences at various stages of lactation with respect to fecal shedding of STEC O157 in cattle sampled longitudinally. Results-Summer prevalence in herds (n = 13) was 38.5%, with a cow-level prevalence of 6.5%. Among positive herds, prevalence ranged from 3% to 34.6%. Samples from 3 of 5 herds sampled quarterly over I year yielded positive results for STEC O157 In herds with STEC O157, an increase in cow-level prevalence was detected during spring (13.3%) and summer (10.5%), compared with values for fall and winter. Site-specific prevalences of STEC O157:1-17 from oral cavity, skin, and fecal samples were 0%, 0.7%, and 25.2%, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Our data indicated that STEC O157:H7 was commonly isolated from dairy cows in Louisiana, seasonally shed, and isolated from the skin surface but not the oral cavity of cows. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Montreal, Fac Vet Med, Dept Vet Biomed, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Dunn, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 47 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 224 IS 7 BP 1151 EP 1158 DI 10.2460/javma.2004.224.1151 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 807OV UT WOS:000220511700027 PM 15074864 ER PT J AU Barten, PK Ernst, CE AF Barten, PK Ernst, CE TI Land conservation and watershed management for source protection SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FOREST AB WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, THE TRUST FOR PUBLIC LAND, THE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS-AMHERST, AND THE US FOREST SERVICE DESIGNED THE SOURCE WATER STEWARDSHIP PROJECT TO FOSTER SUSTAINED LOCAL AND REGIONAL EFFORTS TO CONSERVE FORESTS AND OPEN SPACE, MITIGATE POLLUTION, AND IMPROVE WATER QUALITY. C1 Univ Massachusetts, UMass US Forest Serv Water Partnership, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Barten, PK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, UMass US Forest Serv Water Partnership, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM pkbarten@forwild.umass.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 121 EP + PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 816KR UT WOS:000221109300016 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JS Koch, MD Peairs, FB AF Armstrong, JS Koch, MD Peairs, FB TI Artificially infesting sunflower Helianthus annus L. field plots with sunflower stem weevil Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) to evaluate insecticidal control SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FAUNA; RAGWEED C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Armstrong, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 912IL UT WOS:000228071000002 ER PT J AU Villavaso, EJ Snodgrass, GL AF Villavaso, EJ Snodgrass, GL TI Diapause in tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera : Miridae) reared in dynamic photoperiod environmental cabinets SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE overwinter; diapause; cotton insect; Miridae; Heteroptera ID BOLL-WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; LYGUS-HESPERUS KNIGHT; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; HOST PLANTS; CURCULIONIDAE; MISSISSIPPI; PENTATOMIDAE; HEMIPTERA; PHEROMONE; DELTA AB Diapause in tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae), increased with decreasing photoperiods simulated in environmental cabinets to match those at Starkville, Mississippi (latitude 33.45 N). Hypertrophied fat body in males was strongly associated with hypotrophied accessory glands, and these two characteristics were used to classify male diapause. Although the fatty tissue surrounding the testes differentiated diapausing and reproductive males, almost all males had well-developed testes and large quantities of sperm in their seminal vesicles at the time of dissection; thus testis size was not used for diapause classification. Hypertrophied fat body and lack of mature eggs at time of dissection were used to classify female diapause. Simulated decreasing photoperiods beginning on 4 September, 17 September, and 1 October (Julian dates 247, 260, and 274, respectively) resulted in 15.4%, 57.0%, and 86.0% diapause, respectively. Males and females exhibited similar percentages of diapause. When only egg-producing females were considered, fewer eggs were present at time of dissection within females with the largest fat bodies than within females with smaller fat bodies. Diapause morphology was rated numerically and an SAS program was developed to classify diapausing and reproductive insects. Extrapolation from current data indicated that 50% of nymphs eclosing from eggs oviposited near Starkville, Mississippi, about 14 September can be expected to enter diapause. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Villavaso, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, 810 Hwy,12 East, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Evillavaso@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2 BP 87 EP 97 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 912IL UT WOS:000228071000004 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Ruckle, JM Clapham, WM AF Belesky, DP Ruckle, JM Clapham, WM TI Dry-matter production, allocation and nutritive value of forage chicory cultivars as a function of nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cichorium intybus L.; energy : protein ratio; growth rates; leaf appearance; nitrogen productivity ID CICHORIUM-INTYBUS L.; NITRATE; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; STRENGTH; GRASSES AB Forage chicory cultivars vary in origin and morphology and may respond differently to nutrient inputs because of photosynthate allocation and resource acquisition. Understanding nitrogen (N) influences on chicory seedling development and allocation of photosynthates among plant parts is important in terms of stand establishment, plant persistence, herbage production and nutritive value. We conducted experiments in the glasshouse to determine if amount (0, 50 and 100 mg N kg(-1) soil) and source (ammonium nitrate or urea) of exogenous N influenced leaf dry-matter (DM) production, N nitrate (NO3) and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) allocation among roots and shoots in the chicory cultivars Forage Feast, Lacerta or Grasslands Puna. Herbage DM productivity and the ratio of energy (TNC) : protein varied among cultivars because of differential photosynthate allocation between shoots and roots, and occurred later in the growth interval when N was applied. Forage Feast, compared with the other cultivars, produced the largest roots and greatest herbage DM without added N. Leaf appearance rate in Lacerta and Grasslands Puna increased with increasing N. Instantaneous growth rates of Grasslands Puna and Lacerta at 100 N were three times that of 0 N plants. Nitrate concentrations were very high in young seedlings of all three cultivars before applying N. The findings help define application practices for these cultivars and N management practices for optimal leaf production in establishing forage chicory plants. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM david.belesky@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 190 IS 2 BP 100 EP 110 DI 10.1046/j.1439-037X.2003.00081.x PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 802PR UT WOS:000220175900004 ER PT J AU Lee, HG Casadesus, G Zhu, XW Joseph, JA Perry, G Smith, MA AF Lee, HG Casadesus, G Zhu, XW Joseph, JA Perry, G Smith, MA TI Perspectives on the amyloid-beta cascade hypothesis SO JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE LA English DT Review DE Alzheimer disease; amyloid-beta; neurodegeneration; neuroprotection ID FAMILIAL ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; HUMAN-ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PRECURSOR PROTEIN GENE; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; A-BETA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; TRANSGENIC MICE; FREE-RADICALS; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES AB For the better part of the past two decades, studies on the molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms of Alzheimer disease have focused on amyloid-beta protein, the major proteinaceous component of senile plaques. In fact, the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis has come to dominate the field both in terms of proposed disease mechanism as well as potential for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we look at the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis from the perspective of pathology, cell biology, and genetics. In all cases, alternate interpretations of old data as well as new evidence indicates that amyloid-beta, far from being the harbinger of disease, actually occurs secondary to more fundamental pathological changes and may even play a protective role in the diseased brain. These findings bring into serious doubt the validity of the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis as the central cause of Alzheimer disease and. consequently, the potential usefulness of therapeutic targets against amyloid-beta. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Smith, MA (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, 2085 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM mark.smith@case.edu RI Smith, Mark/A-9053-2009; Lee, Hyoung-gon/A-9637-2009; Zhu, Xiongwei/A-9629-2009; Perry, George/A-8611-2009 OI Perry, George/0000-0002-6547-0172 NR 108 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2877 J9 J ALZHEIMERS DIS JI J. Alzheimers Dis. PD APR PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 137 EP 145 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 862NQ UT WOS:000224498100005 PM 15096697 ER PT J AU Li, C Basarab, J Snelling, WM Benkel, B Kneeland, J Murdoch, B Hansen, C Moore, SS AF Li, C Basarab, J Snelling, WM Benkel, B Kneeland, J Murdoch, B Hansen, C Moore, SS TI Identification and fine mapping of quantitative trait loci for backfat on bovine chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 19, 21, and 23 in a commercial line of Bos taurus SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE backfat; cattle; haplotype analysis; quantitative trait loci ID CARCASS COMPOSITION; AFFECTING GROWTH; MILK-PRODUCTION; CATTLE; POPULATIONS; BEEF; GENOME; GENE; PALATABILITY; MYOSTATIN AB Backfat thickness is one of the major quantitative traits that affects carcass quality in beef cattle. In this study, we identified and fine-mapped QTL for backfat EBV on bovine chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 19, 2 1, and 23 using an identical-by-descent haplotype-sharing analysis in a commercial line of Bos taurus. Eleven haplotypes were found to have significant associations with backfat EBV at the comparison-wise P-value threshold, and one at the chromosome-wise P-value threshold on bovine chromosomes 5, 6, 19, 21, and 23. On average, the 12 significant haplotypes had an effect of 0.62 SD on backfat EBV, ranging from 0.38 SD to 1.33 SD. The 12 significant haplotypes spanned nine chromosomal regions, one on chromosome 5 (65.4 to 70.0 cM), three on 6 (8.2 to 11.8 cM, 63.6 to 68.1 cM, and 81.5 to 83.0 cM), three on 19 (4.8 to 15.9 cM, 39.4 to 46.5 cM, and 65.7 to 99.5 cM), one on 21 (46.1 to 53.1 cM), and one on 23 (45.1 to 50.9 cM). Among the nine chromosomal regions, six were new QTL regions and three showed remarkable agreement with QTL regions that were previously reported. Eight of the nine QTL regions were localized to less than or close to 10 cM in genetic distance. The results provide a useful reference for further positional candidate gene research and marker-assisted selection for backfat. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. AAFRD, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. AAFRD, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. RP Moore, SS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. EM stephen.moore@ualberta.ca RI Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013 NR 19 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 82 IS 4 BP 967 EP 972 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 805BT UT WOS:000220342500001 PM 15080315 ER PT J AU Yen, JT Kerr, BJ Easter, RA Parkhurst, AM AF Yen, JT Kerr, BJ Easter, RA Parkhurst, AM TI Difference in rates of net portal absorption between crystalline and protein-bound lysine and threonine in growing pigs fed once daily SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crystalline amino acids; lysine; pigs; portal absorption; protein-bound amino acids; threonine ID VEIN; METABOLITES; ACCRETION; NITROGEN; DIETS; SWINE AB Net portal absorption of AA during the 6-h postprandial period was measured in eight gilts (48.5 +/- 1.6 kg BW) in a crossover design. The pigs had chronic catheters placed in the portal vein, carotid artery, and ileal vein, and were trained to consume 1.2 kg of a standard grower diet once daily. Blood samples were taken every 30 min for 4 h and then hourly until 6 h after feeding. The first set of blood samples was taken after pigs were fed a meal of the test 16% CP corn-soybean meal diet (16% CP) or the test 12% CP corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with crystalline lysine, threonine, and tryptophan (12% CP + AA) to equal the three AA levels in the 16% CP diet. Pigs were then fed the standard diet for 2 d. Following that, blood samples were again taken after the pigs were fed a meal of the test diet that was not given to them at the first sampling period. Net portal AA absorption was calculated by multiplying porto-arterial plasma AA concentration difference by portal vein plasma flow rate (PVPF), estimated by an indicator-dilution technique employing p-aminohippuric acid as the indicator infused into the ileal vein. Plasma concentrations of lysine and threonine of pigs were affected by the diet x time interaction (P < 0.01). Portal and arterial plasma lysine and threonine concentrations in pigs attained the maximal level by I h postprandial when the 12% CP + AA diet was fed, but reached the peak level at 2.5 h postprandial when the 16% CP diet was given. The PVPF of pigs over the 6 h postprandial was less (P < 0.01) when the 12% CP + AA diet was given than when the 16% CP diet was fed. Net portal absorptions of lysine and threonine also were affected (P < 0.05) by time x diet interaction. The peak portal absorption of both lysine and threonine in pigs appeared at 0.5 h postprandial when the 12% CP+ AA diet was given, but at 2.5 h postprandial with the feeding of the 16% CP diet. The early appearance of peak portal absorption of lysine and threonine from feeding the 12% CP + AA compared with the 16% CP diet indicates that crystalline lysine and threonine are absorbed more rapidly than protein-bound lysine and threonine in pigs fed once daily. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Yen, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM jtyen@email.marc.usda.gov NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 82 IS 4 BP 1079 EP 1090 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 805BT UT WOS:000220342500016 PM 15080330 ER PT J AU Wheeler, TL Cundiff, LV Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M AF Wheeler, TL Cundiff, LV Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M TI Characterization of biological types of cattle (Cycle VI): Carcass, yield, and longissimus palatability traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; breeds; carcass; palatability; quality; tenderness ID BEEF-PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; MEAT QUALITY; GROWTH; EFFICIENCY; STEERS; ANGUS; HERITABILITIES; 16-MONTH; COOKING AB Carcass (n = 568) and longissimus thoracis palatability (n = 460) traits from F, steers obtained from mating Hereford (H), Angus (A), and U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) III cows to H, A, Norwegian Red (NR), Swedish Red and White (RW), Friesian (F), or Wagyu (W) sires were compared. Data were adjusted to constant age (471 d), carcass weight (356 kg), fat thickness (1.0 cm), percentage of fat trim (24%), and marbling (Small(35)) end points. For Warner-Bratzler shear force and trained sensory panel traits, data were obtained on longissimus thoracis steaks stored at 2degreesC for 14 d postmortem. The following comparisons were from the age-constant end point. Carcasses from H- and A-sired steers (377 and 374 kg, respectively) were the heaviest (P < 0.05) and carcasses from W-sired steers (334 kg) were the lightest (P < 0.05). A greater (P < 0.05) percentage of carcasses from A-and W-sired steers graded USDA Choice (88 and 85%, respectively) than carcasses from other sire breeds (52 to 71%). Adjusted fat thickness for carcasses from A-sired steers (1.3 cm) was highest (P < 0.05), followed by H-sired steers (1.1 cm) and W- and F-sired steers (0.9 cm); NR- and RW-sired steers (0.8 cm) had the lowest (P < 0.05) adjusted fat thickness. Longissimus thoracis area was not different (P > 0.05) among sire breeds (mean = 80.6 cm 2). Carcass yield of boneless, totally trimmed retail product was least (P < 0.05) for A-sired steers (60.1%), intermediate for H-sired steers (61.5% ), and similar (P > 0.05) for all other sire breeds (62.5 to 62.8%). Longissimus thoracis steaks from carcasses of A- (3.7 kg) and W-sired (3.7 kg) steers had lower (P < 0.05) shear force values than longissimus thoracis steaks from other sire breeds (4.1 to 4.2 kg). Trained sensory panel tenderness, juiciness, or beef flavor intensity ratings for longissimus thoracis steaks did not differ (P > 0.05) among the sire breeds. Sire breed comparisons were affected by adjusting data to other end points. Heritability estimates for various carcass, yield, and palatability traits ranged from very low (h(2) = 0.06 for percentage of kidney, pelvic, and heart fat) to relatively high (h(2) = 0.71 for percentage of retail product yield). Relative to the other sire breeds, W-sired steers had the highest percentage of USDA Choice, Yield grade 1 and 2 carcasses, but their carcasses were the lightest. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wheeler, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM wheeler@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 82 IS 4 BP 1177 EP 1189 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 805BT UT WOS:000220342500027 PM 15080341 ER PT J AU Chirase, NK Purdy, CW Avampato, JM AF Chirase, NK Purdy, CW Avampato, JM TI Effect of simulated ambient particulate matter exposure on performance, rectal temperature, and leukocytosis of young Spanish goats with or without tilmicosin phosphate SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blood cells; dust; goats; performance; tilmicosin phosphate ID BOVINE-RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; RECEIVED BEEF-CATTLE; ARRIVAL MEDICATION; MANGANESE SOURCES; STEER CALVES; ENDOTOXIN; DUST; HEALTH; INHALATION; ZINC AB Dust is an environmental stressor and can become extensive in agricultural production systems. Thirty-six female, Spanish goats (average BW 21.1 kg, SEM = 1.31; age = 4 mo) were randomly assigned to simulated dust events or no dust, with or without tilmicosin phosphate treatment in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine effects on performance, rectal temperature, and leukocyte changes. All goats were fed a standard growing diet (13.6% CP) consisting of 37% roughage and 63% concentrate (DM basis). Feed intake was measured daily, and BW (unshrunk) measured individually every 7 d. The tilmicosin-treated group received tilmicosin phosphate (10 mg/kg BW s.c.) before starting the study. Goats exposed to dust were enclosed as a group inside a canvass tent for 4 h each day and ground feed yard manure dust (mean particle size 100 mum) was aerosolized inside the tent to simulate a dust event. There was one single dust event (Phase 1) followed by rectal temperature measurement, and heparinized blood collection for complete cell counts at 0 (pretrial), 4, 12, 20, 44, 68, and 210 h after dust exposure. This was followed by 21 d of chronic dust events (Phase 11). The sampling procedures for Phase II were exactly the same as in Phase 1, except that samples were obtained daily at 0 (before dust application), 4, 8, and 12 h after each dust event. Dust treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on feed intake or ADG, but the gain:feed (G:F) ratio was lower (P < 0.05) in the control goats than the dust exposed group. Tilmicosin phosphate-treated goats had a higher (P < 0.05) G:F ratio than untreated goats. Dust exposure increased (P < 0.002), but tilmicosin treatment decreased (P < 0.05) rectal temperature at 4 and 8 h. Dust exposure increased (P < 0.02) blood lymphocyte counts compared with controls. These results suggest that simulated dust events altered rectal temperature and leukocyte counts of goats. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Chirase, NK (reprint author), Comprehens Anim Prod Syst Inc, 6505 Sierra Court, Amarillo, TX 79109 USA. EM nabateng@juno.com NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 82 IS 4 BP 1219 EP 1226 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 805BT UT WOS:000220342500031 PM 15080345 ER PT J AU Gaines, AM Carroll, JA Allee, GL AF Gaines, AM Carroll, JA Allee, GL TI Evaluation of exogenous glucocorticoid injection on preweaning growth performance of neonatal pigs under commercial conditions SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glucocorticoids; growth; pigs ID DEXAMETHASONE TREATMENT; PIGLETS; BIRTH AB A Three commercial trials were conducted to evaluate the use of dexamethasone (Dex) and/ or isoflupredone (Predef) in improving preweaning growth performance of neonatal pigs. The objectives of the commercial trials were threefold: 1) to evaluate Predef in comparison with Dex; 2) to address the sexual dimorphic growth response observed in a previous commercial trial; and 3) to determine whether there is any benefit of providing Dex treatment to pigs being fed supplemental milk. In Exp. 1, 276 pigs (Triumph 4 x PIC Camborough 22) were assigned according to birth weight and sex to three treatments. Treatments included saline (Control), Dex (2 mg/kg BW i.m. injection of Dex), or Predef (2 mg/kg BW i.m. injection of Predef 2X) within 24 h after birth. A treatment effect was observed for BW at weaning (P < 0.001), with pigs injected with Predef being 0.51 kg lighter than Control and Dex-treated pigs. The lower BW of Predef-treated pigs at weaning were a result of a lower ADG (P < 0.001) during the preweaning period compared with Control and Dex pigs. In Exp.2, 703 pigs (Triumph 4 x PIC Camborough 22) were assigned according to birth weight and sex to three treatments. Treatments included either an i.m. injection of saline (Control), Dex1 (1 mg/kg BW of Dex), or Dex2 (2 mg/kg BW of Dex) within 24 h after birth. No treatment effects were observed for BW at weaning (P = 0.24) or ADG (P = 0.19). In Exp. 3, 342 pigs (Genetiporc) were assigned according to birth weight and sex to two treatments. Treatments included either an i.m. injection of saline or Dex (2 mg/kg BW) within 24 h after birth. All pigs were provided supplemental milk from the time of treatment until weaning age. No treatment effects were observed for BW at weaning (P = 0.13) or ADG (P = 0.11). The negative response to Predef was similar to the growth-suppressive effects observed by others using chronic glucocorticoid treatment. In contrast to our previous findings, Dex did not improve preweaning growth performance regardless of dose or supplemental milk. C1 Univ Missouri, Anim Sci Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Anim Sci Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM CarrollJA@Missouri.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 82 IS 4 BP 1241 EP 1245 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 805BT UT WOS:000220342500034 PM 15080348 ER PT J AU Flesch, TK Wilson, JD Harper, LA Crenna, BP Sharpe, RR AF Flesch, TK Wilson, JD Harper, LA Crenna, BP Sharpe, RR TI Deducing ground-to-air emissions from observed trace gas concentrations: A field trial SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES; STOCHASTIC-MODELS; ENERGY AB The gas emission rate Q from an artificial 36-m(2) surface area source was inferred from line-average concentration C-L measured by an open-path laser situated up to 100 m downwind. Using a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) model, a theoretical C-L/Q relationship was established for each experimental trial by simulating an ensemble of fluid-element paths arriving in the laser beam under the prevailing micrometeorological conditions. The diagnosed emission rates ( Q bLS) were satisfactory for trials done when Monin-Obukhov similarity theory gave a good description of the surface layer, but were poor during periods of extreme atmospheric stability (|L| less than or equal to 2 m) and transition periods in stratification. With such periods eliminated, the average value of the 15-min ratios Q(bLS)/Q over n = 77 fifteen-minute trials spanning 6 days was 1.02. Individual 15-min estimates, however, exhibited sizable variability about the true rate, with the standard deviation in Q(bLS)/Q being sigma(Q/Q) = 0.36. This variability is lessened (sigma(Q/Q) = 0.22, n = 46) if one excludes cases in which the detecting laser path lay above or immediately downwind from the source - a circumstance in which the laser path lies at the edge of the gas plume. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM thomas.flesch@ualberta.ca NR 25 TC 160 Z9 164 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 43 IS 3 BP 487 EP 502 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0487:DGEFOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 807CF UT WOS:000220478900007 ER PT J AU Prueger, JH Kustas, WP Hipps, LE Hatfield, JL AF Prueger, JH Kustas, WP Hipps, LE Hatfield, JL TI Aerodynamic parameters and sensible heat flux estimates for a semi-arid ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE aerodynamic roughness length; displacement height; friction velocity; eddy covariance; mesquite dune ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; ZERO-PLANE DISPLACEMENT; ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS; UNSTABLE CONDITIONS; VARIANCE METHODS; TEMPERATURE; MOMENTUM; UNIFORM; TERRAIN; RANGE AB Aerodynamic parameters of roughness length (z(0)) and displacement height (d(0)) for semi-arid grassland, mixed grass-mesquite and mesquite rangeland were computed from eddy covariance measurements of sensible heat flux (H), standard deviations of vertical velocity and air temperature (sigma(w) and sigma(T)), and mean wind speed (u) within the framework of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. Reasonable estimates of z(0) were obtained for all sites but unrealistic do values resulted for most sites except mesquite. Independent estimates of z(0) and d(0) were also determined at the mesquite site with a traditional wind speed profile method and compared with results computed from an approach using laser altimeter data. Results showed good agreement among approaches. Also, within the framework of flux-variance using, sigma(T), and derived z(0), d(0) with u, computed H fluxes were evaluated and compared to eddy covariance measurements. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Prueger, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prueger@nstl.gov OI Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2004 VL 57 IS 1 BP 87 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0140-1963(03)00090-9 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 779WJ UT WOS:000189324600005 ER PT J AU Sullivan, BT Berisford, CW AF Sullivan, BT Berisford, CW TI Semiochemicals from fungal associates of bark beetles may mediate host location behavior of parasitoids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Scolytidae; Pteromalidae; Braconidae; Pinus; Dendroctonus; Ips; parasitoids; host location; fungi; attraction; tritrophic; symbiosis ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; LOBLOLLY-PINE; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; POTENTIAL SEMIOCHEMICALS; RHOPALICUS-TUTELA; ODOR-PERCEPTION; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; FIR ENGRAVER AB In laboratory olfactometer bioassays, females of two hymenopteran parasitoid species, Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Spathius pallidus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), were attracted to odors from bark or bolts of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., colonized by bluestain fungi (genus Ophiostoma) associated with the parasitoids' bark beetle hosts. Mock-inoculated bolts and bark were less attractive or unattractive in these bioassays. Bark infested with host larvae that lacked their fungal and other normal microbial associates was attractive to R. xylophagorum females, but was less so than bark infested with larvae possessing their normal complement of associated microbes. In contrast, in oviposition bioassays, R. xylophagorum females spent approximately equal time searching, made similar numbers of oviposition attempts, parasitized similar percentages of hosts, and laid similar numbers of eggs in bark fragments infested with either associate-free or associate-bearing host larvae. Furthermore, in field bioassays using bluestain-inoculated or mock-inoculated loblolly pine bolts as sources of attractants, the numbers of parasitoids attracted by the two treatments did not differ significantly and the two treatments were less attractive than bolts naturally infested with bark beetle larvae. Whereas our laboratory olfactometer data suggest that bark beetle fungal associates may enhance attraction of some parasitoids, our bioassays with associate-free hosts indicate that associate-produced are not required for short-range host location and parasitization. In addition, our field trials indicated that long-range attraction of parasitoids to the host-fungi-tree complex is not caused simply by an interaction between bluestain fungi and tree tissues. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sullivan, BT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM briansullivan@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 30 IS 4 BP 703 EP 717 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000028426.37482.17 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822HV UT WOS:000221530700002 PM 15260218 ER PT J AU Bland, JM Park, YI Raina, AK Dickens, JC Hollister, B AF Bland, JM Park, YI Raina, AK Dickens, JC Hollister, B TI Trilinolein identified as a sex-specific component of tergal glands in alates of Coptotermes formosanus SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; Isoptera; Rhinotermitidae; Formosan subterranean termite; tergal gland; trilinoleoylglycerol; atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; mass spectrometry; sex pheromone ID TRAIL-FOLLOWING PHEROMONE; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; ISOPTERA; (3Z,6Z,8E)-3,6,8-DODECATRIEN-1-OL; RHINOTERMITIDAE; SANTONENSIS; BEHAVIOR AB Hexane extracts of the tergal glands from female alates of the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation. Double bond configuration was determined by chemical modifications with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A single component, identified as the triacylglycerol, trilinolein, was unique to the female tergal glands. This compound was not found in other areas of the female alate abdomen or in the corresponding area of male alates. Neither gland extract nor trilinolein caused a behavioral response from male alates. However, significant differences were found between males and females for responses from neurons within sensilla of the maxillary palps. C1 ARS, Formosan Subterr Termite Res Unit, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bland, JM (reprint author), ARS, Formosan Subterr Termite Res Unit, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM jbland@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 30 IS 4 BP 835 EP 849 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000028435.41572.4f PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 822HV UT WOS:000221530700011 PM 15260227 ER PT J AU Boonchit, S Xuan, XN Yokoyama, N Goff, WL Waghela, SD Wagner, G Igarashi, I AF Boonchit, S Xuan, XN Yokoyama, N Goff, WL Waghela, SD Wagner, G Igarashi, I TI Improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using C-terminal truncated recombinant antigens of Babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein-1 for detection of specific antibodies SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSION; EPITOPES; BIGEMINA; CABALLI; CLONING AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a recombinant rhoptry-associated protein-1 (RAP-1) of Babesia bovis has been previously developed, but it was imperfect because some cross-reactions were still present in Babesia bigemina-infected bovine sera. To improve its accuracy for the specific detection of the antibodies to B. bovis, we constructed three C-terminal truncated recombinant antigens of the RAP-1-rCT1 (amino acids [aa] 301 to 408), rCT2 (aa 388 to 490), and rCT3 (aa 466 to 565)-by using a baculovirus expression system and evaluated their diagnostic potentials using ELISA. rCT1 and rCT2 were better diagnostic antigens in their sensitivities and diagnostic efficiencies than rCT3, although none of the recombinant antigens showed any cross-reactivity to B. bigemina-infected bovine sera. These results confirmed that the N-terminal 300-aa region caused cross-reactivity of the entire RAP-1 antigen, and the C-terminal truncated recombinant antigens were shown to be useful reagents for species-specific serodiagnosis. C1 Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Natl Res Ctr Protozoan Dis, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Igarashi, I (reprint author), Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Natl Res Ctr Protozoan Dis, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. EM igarcpmi@obihiro.ac.jp NR 17 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1601 EP 1604 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1601-1604.2004 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 814GK UT WOS:000220963000034 PM 15071011 ER PT J AU Amonsin, A Li, LL Zhang, O Bannantine, JP Motiwala, AS Sreevatsan, S Kapur, V AF Amonsin, A Li, LL Zhang, O Bannantine, JP Motiwala, AS Sreevatsan, S Kapur, V TI Multilocus short sequence repeat sequencing approach for differentiating among Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis strains SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMBER TANDEM REPEAT; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; VARIABLE-NUMBER; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CROHNS-DISEASE; PORTABLE APPROACH; REPETITIVE DNA; JOHNES-DISEASE; TUBERCULOSIS; IDENTIFICATION AB We describe a multilocus short sequence repeat (MLSSR) sequencing approach for the genotyping of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) strains. Preliminary analysis identified 185 mono-, di-, and trinucleotide repeat sequences dispersed throughout the M. paratuberculosis genome, of which 78 were perfect repeats. Comparative nucleotide sequencing of the 78 loci of six M. paratuberculosis isolates from different host species and geographic locations identified a subset of 11 polymorphic short sequence repeats (SSRs), with an average of 3.2 alleles per locus. Comparative sequencing of these 11 loci was used to genotype a collection of 33 M. paratuberculosis isolates representing different multiplex PCR for IS900 loci (MPIL) or amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) types. The analysis differentiated the 33 M. paratuberculosis isolates into 20 distinct MLSSR types, consistent with geographic and epidemiologic correlates and with an index of discrimination of 0.96. MLSSR analysis was also clearly able to distinguish between sheep and cattle isolates of M. paratuberculosis and easily and reproducibly differentiated strains representing the predominant MPIL genotype (genotype A18) and AFLP genotypes (genotypes Z1 and Z2) of M. paratuberculosis described previously. Taken together, the results of our studies suggest that MLSSR sequencing enables facile and reproducible high-resolution subtyping of M. paratuberculosis isolates for molecular epidemiologic and population genetic analyses. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Microbiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Biomed Genom Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Kapur, V (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Microbiol, 1500 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vkapur@umn.edu RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898; Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 NR 35 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1694 EP 1702 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1694-1702.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 814GK UT WOS:000220963000050 PM 15071027 ER PT J AU Lovelock, CE Wright, SF Clark, DA Ruess, RW AF Lovelock, CE Wright, SF Clark, DA Ruess, RW TI Soil stocks of glomalin produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across a tropical rain forest landscape SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Costa Rica; mycorrhizas; soil carbon; soil fertility; soil nitrogen ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; AGGREGATE STABILITY; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; ROOT COLONIZATION; CARBON STORAGE; ELEVATED CO2; WET FOREST; LIFE-SPAN; COMMUNITIES; HYPOTHESIS AB 1 Symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi produce a recalcitrant AM-specific glycoprotein, glomalin, which could be a substantial contributor to soil carbon (C). In this study we made a first assessment of the standing stocks of glomalin in a tropical lowland rain forest (the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica) and tested whether glomalin concentrations varied over the strong fertility gradient in this forest. 2 Mean levels of glomalin in the top 10 cm of the La Selva soils were 3.94 +/- 0.16 mg cm(-3) (1.45 Mg C ha(-1)), accounting for approximately 3.2% of total soil C and 5% of soil nitrogen (N) in the 0-10 cm soil layer. 3 More fertile soils with higher concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and potassium had less glomalin, while the less fertile soils, those with high C : N ratios and high levels of iron and aluminium, had more glomalin. 4 We found higher levels of immunoreactivity, which is characteristic of young, recently produced glomalin, in the soils with higher concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and potassium. We hypothesize that AM fungal turnover, as indicated by a greater proportion of immunoreactive, recently produced glomalin, is enhanced in the more fertile soils within this tropical rain forest landscape. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM lovelockc@si.edu RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012 OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855 NR 52 TC 75 Z9 96 U1 8 U2 50 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 92 IS 2 BP 278 EP 287 DI 10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00855.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805RD UT WOS:000220382500008 ER PT J AU Ebert, T Derksen, R AF Ebert, T Derksen, R TI A geometric model of mortality and crop protection for insects feeding on discrete toxicant deposits SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pesticide efficacy; deposit structure; droplet size; application volume ID PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST-PLANT; GYPSY-MOTH; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; DROPLET SIZE; LARVAE; PERMETHRIN; TOXICITY; TETRANYCHIDAE; LYMANTRIIDAE AB Current theory governing the biological effectiveness of toxicants stresses the dose-response relationship and focuses on uniform toxicant distributions in the insect's environment. However, toxicants are seldom uniformly dispersed under field conditions. Toxicant distribution affects bioavailability, but the mechanics of such interactions is not well documented. We present a geometric model of the interactions between insects and heterogeneously distributed toxicants. Front the model, we conclude the following: 1) There is an optimal droplet size, and droplets both smaller land larger than this optimum,will decrease efficacy. 2) There is an ideal droplet distribution. Droplets should be spaced based on two criteria: calculate the allowable damage, double this quantity, and one lethal deposit should be placed in this area; and define the quantity of leaf the larva could eat before the toxicant decays below the lethal level and place one lethal deposit within this area. 3) Distributions of toxicant where deposits are sublethal will often be ineffective, but the application is wasteful if deposits contain more than a lethal dose. 4) Insect behavior both as individuals and collectively influences the level of crop production provided by an application. This conclusion has implications for both crop protection and natural plant-insect interactions. The effective utilization of new more environmentally sensitive toxicants may depend on how well we understand how heterogeneous toxicant distributions interact with insect behavior to determine the biological outcome. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Lab Pest Control Applicat Technol, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Ebert, T (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Lab Pest Control Applicat Technol, Dept Entomol, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RI Ebert, Timothy/E-7727-2011 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.155 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815JK UT WOS:000221038400001 PM 15154431 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS Kochansky, J Feldlaufer, NF AF Pettis, JS Kochansky, J Feldlaufer, NF TI Larval Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera : Apidae) mortality after topical application of antibiotics and dusts SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; antibiotics; dusts; mortality; larvae ID AMERICAN FOULBROOD DISEASE; PAENIBACILLUS-LARVAE; HONEY-BEES; TYLOSIN AB Beekeepers apply various dusts to honey bee, Apis mellifera L., 1 colonies to dislodge parasitic mites and control bacterial brood diseases. Anecdotal reports by beekeepers indicate that the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) can be toxic when applied in powdered Sugar to cells containing immature bee brood, but it was not known,whether the purported toxicity is caused by the antibiotic or the sugar carrier. Additionally, the toxicity Of Various dusts, propose for parasitic mite control, is poorly known. In the current studies,we tested OTC and two other antibiotics (tylosin and lincomycin, candidate compounds for use in honey bee colonies) in a powdered sugar carrier for larval toxicity. We also tested for larval toxicity, several dusts that have been proposed for mite control. OTC caused significant brood mortality of approximate to80% at the concentrations used in the hive (200 mg in 20 g Sugar). In contrast. tylosin and lincomycin at the 200 mg dose were both similar to untreated controls, and only five times that concentration (1000 mg) Caused significant brood mortality of approximate to65%. The addition Of dusts, wheat flour, talc, and a commercially available protein Supplement, BeePro, resulted in mortality levels between 65 and 80%, similar to that seen with OTC. The common antibiotic carrier, powered confectioners sugar, was nontoxic. The use Of 100 unsealed brood cells was demonstrated to be a reliable means of assessing potential adverse affects of dry compounds on larval honey bees. Two new candidate antibiotics for use in honey bee colonies were less toxic to larval bees than the currently labeled antibiotic, OTC. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.171 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815JK UT WOS:000221038400003 PM 15154433 ER PT J AU Inglis, GD Cohen, AC AF Inglis, GD Cohen, AC TI Influence of antimicrobial agents on the spoilage of a meat-based entomophage diet SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artificial diet; entomophagous; lacewings; Chrysoperla; spoilage ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; BOLL-WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; VACUUM-PACKAGED BEEF; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; MICROBIAL-FLORA; PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; GAS ATMOSPHERES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRODUCTS AB The microbial decomposition of a meat-based entomophage diet presented in Parafilm packets was investigated. Considerable bacteria but not fungi were associated with components used to prepare the diet (i.e., hens' eggs, liver, and ground beef). At the initial sampling time, there were no differences among diet treatments in the size of bacterial or fungal populations. Bacterial populations in diets not containing antibacterial agents rapidly increased and reached an asymptote by 24 11 (approximate to10(10) colony-forming units per grain). Bacterial populations also increased in diets containing antibacterial agents, but they were significantly smaller than in diets not containing antibacterial agents. The most prevalent bacteria isolated were Carnobacterium piscicola, Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus sakei, Leticonostoc mesenteroides, and Enterococcus spp., regardless of the antibacterial treatment used. The proliferation of fungi was delayed relative to bacteria, but significant differences were observed among the diet treatments. Fungi were most inhibited by sorbic acid and propionic acid in the absence of antibacterial agents. The most common fungi isolated were the yeasts Candida zeylanoides, Torulaspora globosa, and Yarrowia lipolytica. The pH of diets not containing antibacterial agents decreased rapidly and was highly correlated with increases in bacteria but not fungi. The results of this study demonstrate that antimicrobial agents significantly inhibit spoilage microorganisms in a meat-based diet and that alternative management strategies to delay the decomposition of such diets presented in Parafilm packets should target lactic acid spoilage bacteria, particularly Carnobacterium and Lactobacillits species. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Inglis, GD (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 235 EP 250 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.235 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815JK UT WOS:000221038400011 PM 15154441 ER PT J AU Buntin, GD Flanders, KL Lynch, RE AF Buntin, GD Flanders, KL Lynch, RE TI Assessment of experimental Bt events against fall armyworm and corn earworm in field corn SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn earworm; fall armyworm; Bt corn; biopesticides; maize ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; TRANSGENIC CORN; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; BORER AB Performance of experimental Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) MON events alone and pyramided with MON810 were evaluated over 3 yr in Georgia and Alabama. Ability of events to prevent whorl defoliation by the fail armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and natural ear feeding damage by. the corn earworin, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) was assessed. In each year, near-isogenic hybrids with novel single transformation events and crosses pyramided with the MON810 event were compared with the standard single MON810 event and nontransformed susceptible control. Events were tested for resistance to whorl damage by manual infestations of fall armyworm and ear damage by natural infestations of corn earworm. All Bt events tested reduced fall armyworm whorl damage ratings per plant compared,with the susceptible hybrid. All Bt treatments also had considerably less ear infestation and damage by corn earworm compared with the nontransgenic isoline. The MON841, MON849, and MON851 events reduced ear damage by H. zea but were not as effective as other novel events and were not advanced for further testing after the 1999 season. Pyramiding events compared with single events did not improve control of fall armyworm whorl damage, but they generally did prevent more ear damage by corn earworm. The MON84006 event singly and pyramided with MON810 had superior control of whorl-stage damage by S. frugiperda and ear damage by H. zea compared with MON810. Deployment of new events and genes could provide additional tools for managing the potential for insect resistance to Bt toxins. Furthermore, improved control of whorl and ear infestations by H, zea and S. frugiperda would increase the flexibility of planting corn, Zea mays L., and permit double cropping of corn in areas where these pests perennially reach damaging levels. C1 Univ Georgia, Georgia Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Buntin, GD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Georgia Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM gbuntin@griffin.uga.edu NR 22 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.259 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815JK UT WOS:000221038400013 PM 15154443 ER PT J AU Akbar, W Lord, JC Nechols, JR Howard, RW AF Akbar, W Lord, JC Nechols, JR Howard, RW TI Diatomaceous earth increases the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana against Tribolium castaneum larvae and increases Conidia attachment SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneton; Beauveria bassiana; diatomaceous earth; synergism; relative humidity ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; FLOUR BEETLES COLEOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; COLORADO-POTATO BEETLE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BALSAMO VUILLEMIN; CUTICULAR LIPIDS; ACANTHOSCELIDES-OBTECTUS AB This research tested the suppressive ability of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin alone and in combination with diatomaceous earth against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castanetim (Herbst). Adults did not show a dose response to B. bassiana, and the addition of diatomaceous earth (DE) did not result in a significant increase in mortality. Against larvae, however, DE at 190 mg/kg grain enhanced the efficacy of B. bassiana at all concentrations ranging from 33 to 2,700 mg of conidia per kilogram of grain. The presence of DE resulted in 17- and 16-fold decreases in the median lethal concentration of B. bassiana at 56 and 75% RH, respectively. No significant differences in larval mortality in response to B. bassiana and diatomaceous earth alone or in combination were found between 56 and 75% RH. Conidial attachment to larvae was significantly greater with 190 mg/kg DE than without it. The partial analysis of lipids taken tip by DE from the larvae revealed the removal of phospholipids and long-chain fatty acids. These results support the hypothesis that diatomaceous earth enhances the efficacy of B. bassiana against larval T. castaneum, at least in part by damaging the insect cuticle, thus increasing conidial attachment and making nutrients more available to conidia for their germination. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Product Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Akbar, W (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 63 TC 67 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.273 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815JK UT WOS:000221038400015 PM 15154445 ER PT J AU Bergh, JC Leskey, TC Zhang, AJ AF Bergh, JC Leskey, TC Zhang, AJ TI Discrimination by male dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Lepidoptera : Sesiidae), among traps baited with commercially available pheromone lures SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Synanthedon scitula; Synanthedon exitiosa; Synanthedon pictipes; Podosesia syringae; pheromone ID CLEARWING MOTHS; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; APPLE; INFESTATION; ATTRACTANTS; ROOTSTOCKS; BIOLOGY; TREES AB The response of male dogwood borer. Synanthedon scitula (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), to four commercially available pheromone lures and to pheromone source concentration was evaluated in field trapping studies in commercial apple orchards in Virginia and West Virginia. Male peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), lesser peachtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote & Robinson). and lilac borer, Podosesia syringae (Harris), were also captured in traps baited with all lures tested. Among the lures used, the Scenturion dogwood borer lure was the most attractive to and selective for dogwood borer. Male dogwood borer showed a concentration-dependent response to traps baited with different source concentrations of the. pheromone from Scennturion. Chemical analyses revealed that all hires contained principally (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate (ODDA) but that a significantly higher percentage of (Z,E) plus (E,Z)-3,13-ODDA was present in the Scenturion lure, compared with the others. Weekly collections of fresh male and female dogwood borer pupal exuviae from April until October in 2002 and 2003 suggested that traps baited,with Scenturion lures significantly underestimated the size of populations in commercial apple orchards. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith J Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bergh, JC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith J Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 344 EP 352 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.344 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815JK UT WOS:000221038400024 PM 15154454 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Showler, AT Sappington, TW Bradford, JM AF Greenberg, SM Showler, AT Sappington, TW Bradford, JM TI Effects of burial and soil condition on postharvest mortality of boll weevils (Coleoptera : curculionidae) in fallen cotton fruit SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; boll weevil; cotton; overwintering; tillage ID OVERWINTER SURVIVAL; SOUTHERN TEXAS; TILLAGE AB Effects of soil condition and burial oil boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, mortality in fallen cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., fruit were assessed in this study. During hot weather immediately after summer harvest operations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, burial of infested fruit it) conventionally tilled field plots permitted significantly greater survival of weevils than in no-tillage plots. Burial of infested squares protected developing weevils from heat and desiccation that cause high mortality oil the soil surface during and after harvest in midsummer and late summer. A laboratory assay showed that burial of infested squares resulted in significantly greater weevil mortality in wet that) in dry sandy or clay soils. Significantly fewer weevils rose to the Soil surface after burial of infested bolls during winter compared with bolls set on the soil surface, a likely result of wetting by winter rainfall. A combination of leaving infested fruit exposed to beat before the onset of cooler winter temperatures and burial by tillage when temperatures begin to cool might be in important tactic for reducing populations boll weevils that overwinter in cotton fields. C1 USDA ARS, AMPRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Greenberg, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, AMPRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM sgreenberg@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 409 EP 413 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.409 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815JK UT WOS:000221038400032 PM 15154462 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Greenberg, SM Arnason, JT AF Showler, AT Greenberg, SM Arnason, JT TI Deterrent effects of four neem-based formulations on gravid female boll weevil (Coleoptera : curculionidae) feeding and oviposition on cotton squares SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis; azadirachtin; boll weevil; cotton; neem ID AZADIRACHTA-INDICA; CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS; TOXICITY; ALEYRODIDAE; ANTIFEEDANT; LEPIDOPTERA; SUPPRESSION; PESTICIDES; HOMOPTERA; PROGRAMS AB Three commercial neem-based insecticides, Agroneem, Ecozin, and Neemix, and a neem seed extract formulation, bitters, containing 1,036, 16 506, 471, and 223 mug/ml azadirachtin, respectively, were assessed for feeding and oviposition deterrence against gravid female boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, in the laboratory. In choice assays, excised cotton squares dipped in the separate formulations were first physically contacted by the weevils' tarsi or antennae fewer times than nontreated control squares. in choice and no-choice assays, each formulation repelled the weevils for greater than or equal to90 min. After 24 h in the choice assays, feeding punctures on the squares treated with Agroneem, Ecozin, or bitters were significantly fewer compared with controls. Egg punctures on the Ecozin- and the bitters-treated squares were significantly fewer than on control squares after 24 h. In the no-choice assay, no significant difference was detected. Aging the formulations Under outdoor conditions for 24 h before weevils were exposed resulted in 46-60% and 62-82% reductions in feeding and oviposition punctures, respectively, compared with controls. Agroneem- and bitters-treated squares had >37% fewer feeding punctures after being aged for 48 It. No significant difference was detected after 72 h of aging. Because the deterrence of the gravid female boll weevils was not correlated With amounts of azadirachtin, azadirachtin does not seem to be the only, or the most influential, component of neem that induced the observed deterrence. C1 USDA ARS, APMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, APMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 414 EP 421 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.414 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815JK UT WOS:000221038400033 PM 15154463 ER PT J AU Petrice, TR Strazanac, JS Butler, L AF Petrice, TR Strazanac, JS Butler, L TI A survey of hymenopteran parasitoids of forest macrolepidoptera in the central appalachians SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; appalachian mountains; gypsy moth; host associations; hymenoptera ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; WEST-VIRGINIA; TENT CATERPILLAR; HYPHANTRIA-CUNEA; BASE-LINE; BRACONIDAE; IMPACT; LASIOCAMPIDAE AB In 1995 and 1996, we conducted a Study Of the hymenopteran parasitoids of macrol-epidopteran larvae in the George Washington National Forest (GWNF), Augusta County, Virginia, and the Monongahela National Forest (MNF), Pocahontas County, West Virginia. Macrolepidopteran larvae were collected from canopy foliage and front under canvas hands placed around tree holes. A total of 115 macrolepidopteran species and 5,235 individual larvae were reared. Forty-two percent (2.221) of the larvae were gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae). A total of 43 primary and seven secondary (hyperparasitoid) hymenopteran parasitoid species were reared front 46 macrolepidopteran species. Hymenopteran families represented included Ichneurnonidae (23 species), Braconidae (19), Eulophidae (6), Perilampidae (1), and Trigonalidae (1). We reared 41 and 28 parasitoid species front the GWNF and the MNF, respectively, with 19 species reared front both forests. Many parasitoid species were collected infrequently, suggesting that they are relatively rare on the sampled hosts. The introduced species Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg) (Braconidae), and Euplectrus bicolor (Swederus) (Eulophidae) were among the most commonly reared parasitoids, the latter reared front native hosts. The four most commonly reared native parasitoids were Meteorus hyphantriae Riley (Braconidae), Microplitis near hyphantriae (Ashmead) (Braconidae), Aleiodes preclarus Marsh & Shaw, and Euplectrus maculiventris (Westwood) (Eulophidae). A total of 53 new hymenopteran parasitoid-macrolepidopteran host records were documented. Results from this study will be used to evaluate long-term treatment effects of regional applications of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, and the gypsy Moth fungus Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu & Soper on hymenopteran parasitoids of macrolepidopteran larvae. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Petrice, TR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM tpetrice@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 451 EP 459 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.451 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815JK UT WOS:000221038400037 PM 15154467 ER PT J AU Eager, TA Berisford, CW Dalusky, MJ Nielsen, DG Brewer, JW Hilty, SJ Haack, RA AF Eager, TA Berisford, CW Dalusky, MJ Nielsen, DG Brewer, JW Hilty, SJ Haack, RA TI Suitability of some southern and western pines as hosts for the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera : scolytidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tomicus piniperda; pine shoot beetle; southern pines ID OVERWINTERING BEHAVIOR; TREES; IPS AB The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), is an exotic pest that has become established in North America. Discovered in Ohio in 1992, it has since been found in at least 13 states and parts of Canada. The beetle can cause significant growth loss in pines, and it represents a potential threat to trees in areas where it has not yet become established. To evaluate this threat to native pines, field and laboratory tests were conducted on several common and important southern and western species to determine whether they are acceptable hosts for T piniperda. Comparisons with Molls sylvestris L., Scots pine, a preferred natural host for the beetle, were made where possible. Measurements of beetle attack success on Southern pine billets showed that Pinus taeda L., Pinus echinata Miller, Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelmann, Pinus palustris Miller, and Pinus virginiana Miller (loblolly, shortleaf, slash, longleaf, and Virginia pine, respectively) and two western pines, Pinus ponderosa Lawson and Pinus contorta Douglas (ponderosa and lodgepole pine, respectively), were acceptable for breeding material, but brood production was highly variable. Among the southern pines, P. taeda and P. echinata were susceptible to shoot feeding by T piniperda, whereas P. elliottii was highly resistant and P. palustris seemed to be virtually immune. Shoot feeding tests on the western pines were conducted only in the laboratory, but there was moderate-to-good survival of adults feeding on both species. It seems that if T. piniperda(I is introduced into the south and west it will likely establish and may cause some damage to native pines. P. taeda may be affected more than other southern pines because it is the most abundant species, it is readily attacked for brood production, which can result in moderately large broods, and the beetle survives well during maturation feeding on P. taeda shoots. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Gunnison Serv Ctr, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Michigan State Univ, Forest Serv, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Eager, TA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Gunnison Serv Ctr, 216 N Colorado, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 460 EP 467 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.460 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815JK UT WOS:000221038400038 PM 15154468 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, DW Esquivel, JF Suh, CPC AF Spurgeon, DW Esquivel, JF Suh, CPC TI Population patterns of Mexican corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) adults indicated by different sampling methods SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera zeae; trapping corn rootworm; sex ratio; crop phenology ID NON-PHEROMONAL ATTRACTANTS; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; WESTERN; FIELDS; PHENOLOGY; TRAP; SEX AB The Mexican corn rootworm, Diabrotica r virgifera zeae Krysan &Smith, is a serious pest of corn, Zea mays L., in several areas of Texas. Recent demonstrations of areawide adult control suggest this tactic has promise for rootworm management, but additional information regarding treatment thresholds and sampling methodology is needed. In 2000 and 2001 we examined the influence of distance into the field on rootworm captures by CRW and Pherocon AM traps, the fidelity of trap captures to Population estimates from visual counts of beetles on plants (whole plant samples), and the seasonal population patterns indicated by each sampling method. Only the CRW trap consistently indicated reduced trap captures at the field margin compared with other distances. However, trends, for the AM trap and whole plant samples suggested sampling on the field margin should be avoided. Population estimates at other distances into the field (2 - 30 m) were usually statistically similar. Thus, monitoring does not require trap placement far into the field. Both trap types indicated population peaks after flowering in corn, whereas plant samples indicated peak populations during tasseling and flowering. Both the CRW trap and plant samples showed the proportion of female beetles increased as the season progressed, but the CRW trap underestimated the proportion of females until after flowering. Regressions relating captures by traps to counts from plant samples indicated efficiency of both traps increased with increasing plant development. Our findings should increase acceptance of the CRW trap by producers and consultants and provide a rationale for development of improved, plant growth stage-specific treatment thresholds. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Spurgeon, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM spurgeon@usda.tamu.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2 BP 687 EP 694 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.687 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 815JK UT WOS:000221038400069 PM 15154499 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Robertson, AS Barrett, JB Kraeling, RR Houseknecht, KL AF Barb, CR Robertson, AS Barrett, JB Kraeling, RR Houseknecht, KL TI The role of melanocortin-3 and-4 receptor in regulating appetite, energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine function in the pig SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGOUTI-RELATED PROTEIN; SELECTIVE ANTAGONIST; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; TRANSGENIC MICE; FEED-INTAKE; IN-VIVO; OBESITY; GENE; SECRETION; LEPTIN AB A recently discovered class of receptors, melinocortin-3 and -4 receptor (MC3/4-R), are located within the brain and modulate feed intake in rodents. Stimulation of the receptor (agonist) inhibits feed intake whereas blockade (antagonist) of the receptor increases intake. Our knowledge e of factors regulating voluntary feed intake in humans and domestic animals is very limited. i.c.v. administration of an MC3/4-R agonist, NDP-MSH, suppressed (P< 0(.)05) feed intake compared with controls at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment in growing pigs. Fed pigs were more responsive to the MC3/4-R agonist then fasted animals. However, i.c.v. treatment with MC3/4-R antagonist, SHU9119, failed to stimulate intake. The failure of MC3/4-R antagonist to stimulate feed intake suggests involvement of other brain hormone(s) which antagonize the action of SHU9119 at the MC3/4-R, blocking its stimulatory effect on intake. Treatment with NDP-MSH or SHU9119, across a wide dose range, failed to affect LH and GH secretion, except for the 10 mug dose of NDP-MSH, which exhibited both a stimulatory and an inhibitory effect on GH secretion in fasted animals. Treatment with agouti-related peptide, a natural brain hormone that blocks the MC3/4R, failed to stimulate feed intake. These results do not support the idea that endogenous melanocortin pays a critical role in regulating feed intake and pituitary hormone secretion in the pig. SHU9119 blocked the NDP-MSH-induced increase in cAMP in HEK293 cells expressing the porcine MC4-R sequence without the missense mutation. The EC50 and IC50 values were similar to the human MC4-R,, confirming that SHU9119 is a pig MC4-R antagonist. However, pigs were heterozygous for an MC4-R gene missense mutation. It is possible that the MC4-R mutation alters function and this may explain the failure to demonstrate MC3/4-R involvement in modulating feeding behavior and LH and GH secretion it) the pig. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM rbarb@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 181 IS 1 BP 39 EP 52 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1810039 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 815QG UT WOS:000221056200004 PM 15072565 ER PT J AU Boyd, DW Alverson, DR AF Boyd, DW Alverson, DR TI Effects of temperature and water source on development of Deraeocoris nebulosus (Uhler) (Hemiptera : Miridae), a predacious plant bug SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Deraeocoris nebulosus; temperature; Miridae; predator; development; water source ID HIPPODAMIA-CONVERGENS COLEOPTERA; OMNIVOROUS PREDATOR; NABIS-AMERICOFERUS; DICYPHUS-HESPERUS; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS; REPRODUCTION; HETEROPTERA; COTTON; TINGIDAE; BIOLOGY AB The development of Deraeocoris nebulosus (Uhler) was studied in relation to temperature and to water sources additional to food. Development time for D. nebulosus was linear between 20degrees and 30degreesC, allowing the use of a linear equation to calculate degree days. The eggs of D. nebulosus required 111.1 degree days over a threshold of 13.9degreesC to complete development. Nymphal development for males and females of D. nebulosus was about 1.5 times faster at 25degreesC than at 20degreesC, 1.5 times faster at 30degreesC than at 25degreesC, and almost 2.5 times faster at 30degreesC than at 20degreesC. Males developed 2 d faster than females (protandry) at 20degreesC, but did not develop faster at the other temperatures. This study provides the first record of temperature-regulated protandry in insects. Nymphs of D. nebulosus required 166.7 degree days over a threshold of 12.7degreesC for males and 15.2degreesC for females. Preoviposition period was almost 12 d at 20degreesC and about 6 d at 25degrees and 30degreesC. Water source (free water, sugar water, or sweet potato leaf) did not affect the development of D. nebulosus when fed moth eggs. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Boyd, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM dboyd@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 202 EP 213 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 832MT UT WOS:000222272300005 ER PT J AU Webb, RE Bair, MW White, GB Thorpe, KW AF Webb, RE Bair, MW White, GB Thorpe, KW TI Expression of Entomophaga maimaiga at several gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) population densities and the effect of supplemental watering SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; Entomophaga maimaiga; gypsy moth; entomopathogenic fungus; biological control ID FUNGAL PATHOGEN; RESTING SPORES; LEADING-EDGE; DISPAR; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; AZYGOSPORES; TEMPERATURE; PERSISTENCE; GERMINATION; INFECTION AB Assessment of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations in western Virginia during the year 2000, showed that larval mortality factors differed as a function of population density. Larval mortality, primarily due to the gypsy moth-specific entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu and Soper, was 28.7% in high-density plots (averaging 476.8 larvae per 5 burlap bands) but only 16.5% in low-density plots (averaging 60.8 larvae per 5 burlap bands). On the contrary, "missing" was the dominant mortality factor in low-density plots (6.5% in high-density plots vs 65.6% in low-density plots). This study was designed to assess the potential for inducing an earlier epizootic by facilitating the early germination of resident resting spores by spraying water around the base of trees. Eight of the high-density plots with measured natural E maimaiga resting-spore loads were selected for a supplemental watering study conducted in 2001. Four plots received weekly watering to supplement natural rainfall, and four received only natural rainfall (control plots). More E. maimaiga occurred in watered plots than in control plots; however, treatment effects for watering were not significant. For a 01 June collection, fungal levels were 17% (ground) and 12% (canopy) for the watered plots vs 12% (ground) and 10% (canopy) for control plots. For a 15 June collection, fungal levels were 74% (ground) and 29% (canopy) for the watered plots vs 60% (ground) and 14% (canopy) from control plots. Height effects were significant for the second date. Egg mass populations in watered plots declined significantly (78%) compared with control plots (4%) (P = 0.0433), possibly reflecting further mortality occurring after the second collection. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Webb, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM webbr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 223 EP 234 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 832MT UT WOS:000222272300007 ER PT J AU Gore, J Adamczyk, JJ AF Gore, J Adamczyk, JJ TI Characterization of soybean looper (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) tolerance to Bollgard((R)) cotton: Implications for resistance management SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pseudoplusia includens; Bollgard; resistance management; Bacillus thuringiensis ID GROWTH; LARVAE; BT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SURVIVAL; CROPS; TIME AB The soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), is an occasional pest of cotton and an annual pest of soybean in the southern United States. The development of resistance by soybean looper to the Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Cry1Ac protein in Bollgard(R) cotton could potentially influence the efficacy of foliar B. thuringiensis products in soybean. Soybean looper larvae and pupae collected from plots of Bollgard cotton weighed less than larvae and pupae collected from non-Bollgard cotton. Soybean loopers collected from non-Bollgard and Bollgard cotton were maintained separately in the laboratory. No differences were observed in the susceptibility of the subsequent generation (F-1) of soybean looper larvae from non-Bollgard and Bollgard cottons to Cry1Ac based on concentration-mortality data. Neonates from each of these colonies were allowed to complete development on non-treated and Cry1Ac-treated (1.0 mug/ml) meridic diet. Larval weights at 9 d and pupal weights were lower on Cry1Ac-treated diet than on non-treated diet. There were no apparent vigor differences in the two colonies based on development on non-treated diet. In addition, developmental times of larvae from both colonies were longer on Cry1Ac diet than on non-treated diet. These data indicate that development of soybean looper on Bollgard cotton has no effect on the tolerance of subsequent soybean looper generations to Cry1Ac. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Gore, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jgore@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 832MT UT WOS:000222272300008 ER PT J AU Gore, J Adamczyk, JJ AF Gore, J Adamczyk, JJ TI Selective feeding of soybean looper (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) on meridic diet with different concentrations of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac protein SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pseudoplusia includens; Bollgard; behavior ID HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; BT COTTONS; LARVAE; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The ability of soybean loopers, Pseudoplusia includens, (Walker), to selectively feed on meridic diet with different concentrations of Cry1Ac was investigated in a choice assay. Neonates selected non-treated meridic diet and diet with concentrations of Cry1Ac ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mug/mL for feeding compared to diet with Cry1Ac concentrations of 5.0 and 10.0 mug/mL. Averaged across rating periods, means of 11.9 to 17.6% of larvae were observed feeding on diet with Cry1Ac concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 mug/ml, compared to 3.4% on diet with Cry1Ac concentrations of 5 mug/mL and 4.3% at 10 mug/mL. In a no-choice study, concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mug/mL produced 4.3 to 40.8% mortality in soybean looper; while, concentrations of 5.0 mug/mL produced 58.5% mortality and 10.0 mug/mL produced 90.8% mortality. Also, diet with Cry1Ac concentrations of 5.0 and 10.0 mug/mL delayed the development of soybean looper larvae compared to diet with the other concentrations of Cry1Ac. Based on results of this study, soybean loopers can select diet with concentrations of Cry1Ac that result in low (<50%) levels of mortality. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Gore, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jgore@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 832MT UT WOS:000222272300009 ER PT J AU Cosse, AA AF Cosse, AA TI Presence of tibial spurs as a male sexual character for Galerucella calmariensis (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tibial spurs; leaf beetle; Galerucella; chrysomelid; purple loosestrife C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cosse, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cosseaa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 281 EP 283 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 832MT UT WOS:000222272300013 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ AF Simmons, AM Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ TI Yellow sticky cards equipped with light-emitting diodes: a natural enemies compatible management tool for whiteflies (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) and other greenhouse vegetable pests SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; Bradysia; Delphastus catalinae; Eretmocerus; sticky trap; whitefly; biocontrol; vegetable C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM asimmons@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 298 EP 300 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 832MT UT WOS:000222272300018 ER PT J AU Gitz, DC Liu-Gitz, L McClure, JW Huerta, AJ AF Gitz, DC Liu-Gitz, L McClure, JW Huerta, AJ TI Effects of a PAL inhibitor on phenolic accumulation and UV-B tolerance in Spirodela intermedia (Koch.) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE AIP; aminophosphonic acid; duckweed; flavonoid; PAL; phenolic; Spirodela; ultraviolet-B; UV ID ULTRAVIOLET-B; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; HIGHER-PLANTS; RADIATION; GROWTH; FLAVONOIDS; LEMNACEAE; ARABIDOPSIS; ACID; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Duckweed (Spirodela intermedia) was grown axenically on 1/2 strength Hutner's nutrient solution plus 1% sucrose, with the l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) inhibitor 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP) at 0.0, 0.05, or 10 muM, at constant 25 degreesC and a light intensity of 300 mumol m(-2) s(-1) photosynthetically active radiation from CW fluorescent lamps. Growth with 10 muM AIP led to decreased frond area and fresh weight, but dry weight was unchanged. Microscopic examination of fronds revealed increased frond thickness and a lack of reticulate aerenchyma. Ultraviolet epifluorescence microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy of methanolic extracts confirmed the dose-dependent inhibition of secondary phenolic synthesis with the near total elimination of secondary phenolic accumulation at the 10 muM level. AIP-treated plants showed increased sensitivity to UV-B as shown by a reduced F-v/F-m. The results provided direct evidence of the working hypothesis that phenols function to screen UV radiation from reaching photosynthetic tissues or damaging other sensitive tissues. A novel histochemical method employing zirconyl chloride to visualize phenols is discussed. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20741 USA. RP Miami Univ, Dept Bot, 392 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM huertaaj@muohio.edu NR 40 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 398 BP 919 EP 927 DI 10.1093/jxb/erh092 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 807FC UT WOS:000220486400013 PM 14990622 ER PT J AU Malik, NSA Bradford, JM AF Malik, Nasir S. A. Bradford, Joe M. TI Reciprocal grafting between early maturing and normal maturing olive varieties: Preliminary effects on the nature of juvenility and flowering SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Grafting; maturity; juvenility; olive; flowering AB Reciprocal grafting was performed between young trees (18 months old) of early maturing (within 1-2 year) and normal maturing (4-6 years) varieties of olives. Scions of an early maturing variety 'Arbequina' grafted on young rootstocks of a normal maturing variety 'Manzanillo', and grown for 7 months in greenhouse conditions, produced flowers when subjected to flower inducing chilling period. Conversely, scions from juvenile 'Manzanillo' trees grafted on early maturing 'Arbequina' failed to produce flowers under similar conditions. In addition, scions taken from a mature tree (L712; that flowered after 4 years) when grafted on juvenile rootstock plants of normal maturing varieties 'Manzanillo and Mission' and allowed to grow for 8 months also produced flowers when subjected to flower inducing conditions. The results indicate that once an olive shoot has been matured or conditioned to receive flowering stimulus, it continues to produce flowers even on nodes that were formed after it had been grafted on roots of a plant that had not been matured. Apparently, olive roots do little to control the ability of the shoot to be receptive to chilling stimulus for flower induction in olives. However, the possibility exists that the roots may play role in flower or fruit development in olives. C1 [Malik, Nasir S. A.; Bradford, Joe M.] USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Malik, NSA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM nmalik@Weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PD APR PY 2004 VL 2 IS 2 BP 197 EP 200 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V26WG UT WOS:000208575100037 ER PT J AU Phillippy, BQ Lin, M Rasco, B AF Phillippy, BQ Lin, M Rasco, B TI Analysis of phytate in raw and cooked potatoes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE phytate; inositol hexakisphosphate; potatoes; Solanum tuberosum ID IN-VITRO ESTIMATION; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHYTIC ACID; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; FOODS; IRON; ZINC; AVAILABILITY; VEGETABLES; ABSORPTION AB The phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) contents of eight varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum) stored at VC for approximately 3 months ranged from 0.111% to 0.269% of dry weight. The phytate was distributed evenly throughout raw unpeeled russet potatoes. There were no significant differences in phytate content between raw russet potatoes and those which had been boiled, baked or microwaved until fully cooked. French fries, potato chips and dehydrated potato flakes contained 0.174%, 0.095% and 0.205% phytate, respectively, on a dry weight basis. Only phytate was detected in raw russet potatoes, but smaller amounts of inositol pentakisphosphate were also present in the fries, chips and flakes. Sufficient phytate is consumed in cooked potatoes in the United States to comprise a substantial portion of the daily intake of this multifaceted phytochemical. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Phillippy, BQ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM bqphil@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD APR PY 2004 VL 17 IS 2 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2003.08.001 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 804WX UT WOS:000220329900010 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Elfving, DC Sanderson, PG AF Drake, SR Elfving, DC Sanderson, PG TI Influence of float materials on the quality of 'd'Anjou' pears after regular and controlled atmosphere storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article AB Thirty bins of commercially harvested 'd'Anjou' pears from each of three growers were packed at a commercial packing facility, using either of two pear float materials and wrapping the pears in one of three paper wraps. Float materials used were potassium phosphate (XEDA-F, pH 11.3) orlignin sulfonate (lignosite), the industry standard. Paper wraps were impregnated with either Biox-A, 3% oil + copper and ethoxyquin (3% C&E), or 6% oil + copper and ethoxyquin (6%C&E). After packing, 36 boxes were placed in regular atmosphere (RA) storage at 1C. Seventy-two boxes were placed in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage (1.5% O-2 and 1.0% CO2 at 0C). After 50 days (RA) or 100 and 200 days (CA) storage, fruit was removed and quality evaluated. Float material (Lignosite or XEDA-F) did not influence either objective or subjective quality under either RA storage or up to 200 days CA storage. Type of paper wrap did have a strong influence on pear quality, particularly affecting scald rating and subjective ratings of pear quality. Paper wraps containing Biox A produced pears of reduced quality compared to papers with either 3 or 6% oil with C&E, which were comparable in quality. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD APR PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2004.tb00535.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 816TU UT WOS:000221133000005 ER PT J AU Bosilevac, JM Arthur, TM Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Rossman, M Reagan, JO Koohmaraie, M AF Bosilevac, JM Arthur, TM Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Rossman, M Reagan, JO Koohmaraie, M TI Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 and levels of aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae are reduced when hides are washed and treated with cetylpyridinium chloride at a commercial beef processing plant SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ATTACHED SALMONELLA; CARCASSES; SLAUGHTER; CATTLE; CONTAMINATION; REDUCTION; EFFICACY; STATES; SKIN AB The objective of this experiment was to test the potential of a combined water wash and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) treatment as a hide intervention applied to cattle in the holding pens of a processing plant immediately before stunning. Over 2 processing days, 149 control and 139 treated cattle were tested. Control cattle were processed in the normal manner. The treatment group was prewashed with water the day before harvest. Immediately before stunning, these cattle were sprayed twice with 1% CPC, first for 3 min, then for 1 min. Hides and preevisceration carcasses were sampled to determine aerobic plate counts, Enterobacteriaceae counts (EBC), and Escherichia coli O157 prevalence. The treatment reduced the prevalence of E. coli O157 on hides from 56% to 34% and the prevalence on preevisceration carcasses from 23% to 3%. The treatment decreased aerobic plate counts from 4.9 log CFU/100 cm(2) to 3.4 log CFU/100 cm(2) and EBC from 3.1 log CFU/100 cm(2) to 2.0 log CFU/100 cm(2) on preevisceration carcasses. The treatment of hides did not result in any detectable CPC contamination of the chilled carcasses. These data indicated that a 1% CPC treatment preceded by a water wash was capable of reducing hide prevalence of E. coli 0 157 from as high as 80% to less than 50%, resulting in preevisceration carcass prevalence of 5% or less. We conclude that water washing followed by an antimicrobial treatment, such as CPC, has great potential as an effective hide intervention step and should be further evaluated for implementation as a processing step after stunning and before hide removal. C1 ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Natl Cattlemens Beef Assoc, Centennial, CO 80112 USA. RP Bosilevac, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM bosilevac@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 19 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2004 VL 67 IS 4 BP 646 EP 650 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 810LM UT WOS:000220705800003 PM 15083713 ER PT J AU Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Nou, XW Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Kent, MP Jaroni, D Pauling, B Allen, DM Koohmaraie, M AF Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Nou, XW Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Kent, MP Jaroni, D Pauling, B Allen, DM Koohmaraie, M TI Escherichia coli O157 prevalence and enumeration of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli O157 at various steps in commercial beef processing plants SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID; MICROBIAL DECONTAMINATION; CARCASSES; CATTLE; HIDES; INTERVENTIONS; REDUCTION; SLAUGHTER; PATHOGENS; ABATTOIR AB The effectiveness of current antimicrobial interventions used in reducing the prevalence or load of Escherichia coli O157 and indicator organisms on cattle hides and carcasses at two commercial beef processing plants was evaluated. Sponge sampling of beef cattle was performed at five locations from the initial entry of the animals to the slaughter floor to the exit of carcasses from the "hotbox" cooler. For each sample, E. coli O157 prevalence was determined and total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli O157 were enumerated. E. coli O157 was found on 76% of animal hides coming into the plants, but no carcasses leaving the cooler were identified as contaminated with E. coli O157. A positive relationship was seen between the incidence of E. coli O157 in hide samples and that in preevisceration samples. Aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts averaged 7.8 and 6.2 log CFU/100 cm(2), respectively, on hides, and 1.4 and 0.4 log CFU/100 cm(2), respectively, on chilled carcasses. Aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts on preevisceration carcasses were significantly related to the respective levels on the corresponding hides; the carcasses of animals whose hides carried higher numbers of bacteria were more likely to carry higher numbers of bacteria. Implementation of the sampling protocol described here would allow processors to evaluate the efficacy of on-line antimicrobial interventions and allow industrywide benchmarking of hygienic practices. C1 ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Excel Corp, Wichita, KS 67202 USA. RP Arthur, TM (reprint author), ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM arthur@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 32 TC 136 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 17 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2004 VL 67 IS 4 BP 658 EP 665 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 810LM UT WOS:000220705800005 PM 15083715 ER PT J AU Karaibrahimoglu, Y Fan, XT Sapers, GM Sokorai, K AF Karaibrahimoglu, Y Fan, XT Sapers, GM Sokorai, K TI Effect of pH on the survival of Listeria innocua in calcium ascorbate solutions and on quality of fresh-cut apples SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MONOCYTOGENES SCOTT-A; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; GROWTH; ACID; TEMPERATURE; INHIBITION; FRUITS; INACTIVATION; VEGETABLES AB Fresh-cut apple slices were dipped in calcium ascorbate (CaA) solution at pH values ranging from 2.5 to 7.0 to inhibit browning. After treatment, the cut apples were stored at 4 and 10degreesC for up to 21 days. Color and texture of the apples were determined on days 1, 14 and 21. In a separate experiment, the pH of CaA solution was adjusted with acetic acid to six different pH levels, and the solution was inoculated with Listeria innocua. The survival of the bacterium and the stability of CaA were determined at 0.20, and 96 h. The cut apples maintained fresh quality when the pH of the CaA solution was above 4.5, but slight discoloration of apple slices dipped in pH 4.5 solution was observed after 14 days at 10degreesC. At pH 5.0, the CaA dip maintained the quality of the apples at both temperatures for at least 21 days. The L. innocua population was reduced by 4 to 5 log CFU/ml at pH 4.5 after 96 h. At pH 5, the bacterial population in the CaA solution was reduced by approximately 2 log CFU/ml during the same period. The CaA solution was stable at pH 5 for at least 96 h. Reduction of the pH to between 4.5 and 5.0 might reduce the risk of foodborne illness due to consumption of fresh-cut apples treated with a CaA solution contaminated with Listeria. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sapers, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gsapers@arserrc.gov NR 38 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2004 VL 67 IS 4 BP 751 EP 757 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 810LM UT WOS:000220705800017 PM 15083727 ER PT J AU Plaza, P Usall, J Smilanick, JL Lamarca, N Vinas, I AF Plaza, P Usall, J Smilanick, JL Lamarca, N Vinas, I TI Combining Pantoea agglomerans (CPA-2) and curing treatments to control established infections of Penicillium digitatum on lemons SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID POSTHARVEST BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CITRUS-FRUIT; GREEN MOLD; BLUE MOLD; ERWINIA-HERBICOLA; YEAST ANTAGONISTS; BIOCONTROL AGENT; HEAT-TREATMENT; DISEASES; DECAY AB The effectiveness of the strain CPA-2 of Pantoea agglomerans alone or in combination with a curing treatment at 33degreesC for 65 h to control green mold was evaluated on lemons stored at ambient temperature and in cold storage. An application of P. agglomerans at 2 X 10(8) CFU/ml effectively reduced green mold incidence on recently inoculated lemons stored at temperatures from 5 to 25degreesC. Moreover, a 30-s immersion of lemons in a P. agglomerans suspension at 2 X 10(8) CFU/ml significantly reduced green mold incidence, even when delayed up to 15 h after inoculation with Penicillium digitatum at either 20degreesC or while in cold storage. However, it failed to control established infections of P. digitatum of more than 24 It. Curing P. agglomerans-treated lemons at 33degreesC for 65 h completely controlled 24-h-old infections on artificially inoculated lemons stored at 20degreesC for 14 days and on naturally infected lemons stored at 10degreesC for 3 weeks plus 7 additional days at 20degreesC. When applied before curing, population growth of P. agglomerans in wounds was similar to that within wounds of control fruits at 20degreesC. In contrast, when it was applied immediately after curing treatment, P. agglomerans populations within wounds did not increase. C1 IRTA, Ctr UdL, CeRTA, Postharvest Unit, Lleida 25198, Catalonia, Spain. USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Plaza, P (reprint author), IRTA, Ctr UdL, CeRTA, Postharvest Unit, 177 Rovira Roure Ave, Lleida 25198, Catalonia, Spain. EM pilar.plaza@irta.es RI Vinas, Inmaculada/B-4096-2011; OI Vinas, Inmaculada/0000-0001-5182-2520 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2004 VL 67 IS 4 BP 781 EP 786 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 810LM UT WOS:000220705800021 PM 15083731 ER PT J AU Rajkowski, KT Rice, EW AF Rajkowski, KT Rice, EW TI Effect of alfalfa seed washing on the organic carbon concentration in chlorinated and ozonated water SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PROCESSING WASTE-WATER; DRINKING-WATER; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; OZONE TREATMENT; INACTIVATION; GROWTH; SALMONELLA; REGROWTH AB The bioassays assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and coliform growth response are better indexes than biological oxygen demand to determine water quality and water's ability to support the growth of bacteria. Ozonated (5 mg/liter) and chlorinated tap water were used to wash alfalfa seeds for 30 min. After washing in the ozonated tap water, the AOC concentration increased 25-fold, whereas the dissolved ozone decreased to undetectable levels. The AOC levels for the chlorinated water after washing the seeds also increased. These increases are due to ozone's strong oxidizing ability to break down refractory, large-molecular-weight compounds, forming smaller ones, which are readily used as nutrient sources for microorganisms. This same phenomenon was observed when using ozone in the treatment of drinking water. The AOC value increased from 1,176 to 1,758 mugC-eq/liter after the reconditioned wastewater was ozonated. When the ozonated wastewater was inoculated with Salmonella serotypes, the cells survived and increased generation times were observed. The increased nutrients would now become more readily available to any pathogenic microorganisms located on alfalfa seed surface as seen with the increase in the inoculated levels of Salmonella in the ozonated wastewater. If the washing process using ozonated water is not followed by the recommended hypochlorite treatment or continually purged with ozone, pathogen growth is still possible. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, DC USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Rajkowski, KT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, DC USA. EM krajkowski@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2004 VL 67 IS 4 BP 813 EP 817 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 810LM UT WOS:000220705800027 PM 15083737 ER PT J AU Huang, L AF Huang, L TI Numerical analysis of the growth of Clostridium perfringens in cooked beef under isothermal and dynamic conditions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-GROWTH; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURE; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; PREDICTIVE MODEL; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; SALMONELLA; MEAT; FOOD AB The main objective of this study was to develop a numerical technique to solve a set of biologically-based differential equations used to describe the growth behaviors of bacteria under isothermal conditions in food systems. A 4(th)-order Runge-Kutta method was incorporated to a computer program to solve these equations covering the entire range of bacterial growth, including lag, exponential, and stationary phases. The differential growth models were tested using the spores of Clostridium perfringens inoculated to ground beef and incubated under various isothermal conditions between 17-50C. Results of numerical analysis showed that the differential equations could accurately describe the growth of C. perfringens in cooked ground beef under isothermal conditions. The differential equations were also used to estimate the growth of C. perfringens in cooked ground beef under four different dynamic temperature profiles: 2-square waves, exponential and linear cooling. In combination with a secondary kinetic model, the growth of C. perfringens in cooked ground beef under dynamic conditions was accurately estimated. Results showed the differences between the estimated and experimentally observed growth curves under dynamic conditions were generally less than 0.5 log (CFU/g). The methodology developed in this study can be a new approach for the food industry, food retailers and consumers, and regulatory agencies to predict and estimate the bacterial growth in cooked meat products under dynamic temperature abuse and deviation conditions. C1 USDA, ARS, ERRC, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ERRC, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lhuang@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD APR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 53 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2004.tb00375.x PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 816SQ UT WOS:000221130000004 ER PT J AU Geveke, DJ Brunkhorst, C AF Geveke, DJ Brunkhorst, C TI Inactivation of Escherichia coli in apple juice by radio frequency electric fields SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE radio frequency; high electric fields; nonthermal; pasteurization; treatment chamber ID ORANGE JUICE; PASTEURIZATION; APPARATUS; KINETICS; AC AB Heat pasteurization may detrimentally affect the quality of fruit and vegetable juices; hence, non-thermal pasteurization methods are actively being developed. Radio frequency electric fields processing has recently been shown to inactivate yeast in water at near-ambient temperatures. The objective of this study was to extend the radio frequency electric fields (RFEF) technique to inactivate bacteria in apple juice. A converged-field treatment chamber was developed that enabled high-intensity RFEF to be applied to apple juice using a 4-kW power supply. Finite element analyses indicated that uniform fields were generated in the treatment chamber. Escherichia coli K12 in apple juice was exposed for 0.17 ms to electric field strengths of up to 26 kV/cm peak over a frequency range of 15 to 70 kHz. The population of E. coli was reduced by 1.8 log following exposure to an 18 kV/cm field at an outlet temperature of 50 degreesC. Raising the temperature increased inactivation. Intensifying the electric field up to 16 kV/cm increased inactivation; however, above this intensity, inactivation remained constant. Radio frequencies of 15 and 20 kHz inactivated E. coli better than frequencies of 30 to 70 kHz. Inactivation was independent of the initial microbial concentration between 4.3 and 6.2 log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. Applying 3 treatment stages at 50 degreesC increased inactivation to 3 log. The electric energy for the RFEF process was 300 J/mL. The results of the present study provide the 1st evidence that RFEF processing inactivates bacteria in fruit juice at moderately low temperatures. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dgeveke@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 BP E134 EP E138 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 848TF UT WOS:000223489300032 ER PT J AU Novak, JS Fratamico, PM AF Novak, JS Fratamico, PM TI Evaluation of ascorbic acid as a quorum-sensing analogue to control growth, sporulation, and enterotoxin production in Clostridium perfringens SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ascorbic acid; inhibition; Clostridium perfringens ID BACTERIAL BIOLUMINESCENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SIGNAL MOLECULES; FOOD; LUXS; TYPHIMURIUM; PHEROMONE; FURANONES; LACTONES; MEMBRANE AB Inhibition of quorum sensing measured by autoinducer-2 (AI-2) activity was investigated in the presence and absence of ascorbic acid, an AI-2 analogue. Subsequent effects on AI-2 production, as well as growth, sporulation, and enterotoxin (C perfringens enterotoxin [CPE]) production in Clostridium perfringens were examined. The addition of ascorbic acid to supernatants from ground beef resulted in a 100-fold decrease in AI-2 activity. The addition of sodium ascorbate, a nonacidic salt of ascorbic acid, also resulted in AI-2 assay inhibition. Spore production decreased in the presence of ascorbic acid. Western immunoblot analyses showed that CPE levels were highest after 24 h without ascorbic acid. This study explored the unique concept of signal inhibition to control pathogens in food. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Novak, JS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jnovak@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 BP M72 EP M78 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 848TF UT WOS:000223489300036 ER PT J AU Spies, TA AF Spies, TA TI Ecological concepts and diversity of old-growth forests SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; policy ID ECOSYSTEMS; EXAMPLE AB An ecological understanding of old-growth requires a multiscale perspective, ranging from individual trees to regions. A consensus on a single general ecological definition of old-growth will never be reached, but that should not preclude the development of specific definitions needed by managers. Old-growth forests share many attributes, such as spatial heterogeneity, but they also differ in many ways. Given the complexity and dynamics of forests, efforts to conserve biodiversity must be sensitive to the diversity of old-growth forests and must consider forests of all developmental stages, not just old-growth. One implication is that forest policies and management practices may need to be as diverse as the old-growth forests they address. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Ecosyst Proc Program, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Spies, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Ecosyst Proc Program, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tspies@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 22 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR-MAY PY 2004 VL 102 IS 3 BP 14 EP 20 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 814FV UT WOS:000220961500006 ER PT J AU Sessions, J Bettinger, P Buckman, R Newton, M Hamann, AJ AF Sessions, J Bettinger, P Buckman, R Newton, M Hamann, AJ TI Hastening the return of complex forests following fire: The consequences of delay SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; forest health; Northwest Forest Plan; old-growth; policy; restoration ID GROWTH AB Over 54 days in 2002, the Biscuit Fire, the largest fire in recorded Oregon history, burned more than 400,000 acres. Much of the burned land was being managed under the federal Northwest Forest Plan to provide habitat for species that live in complex, older conifer-dominated forests as well as for recreation purposes. Only a narrow window of opportunity exists to hasten conifer restoration to complex forest conditions in a cost-effective manner, to reduce risks of insect epidemics and future fires, and to capture some economic value that could offset restoration costs. Delays in decisionmaking and implementation will likely destine much of the most intensely burned area to cycles of shrubs, hardwoods, and recurring fires for many decades. This is the opposite of what current management plans call for-maintenance of mature forests. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, Greece. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. HamannDonald Associates, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Sessions, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, 215 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM john.sessions@oregonstate.edu OI Bettinger, Pete/0000-0002-5454-3970 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR-MAY PY 2004 VL 102 IS 3 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 814FV UT WOS:000220961500009 ER PT J AU Dan, Z Popov, Y Patsenker, E Preimel, D Liu, C Wang, XD Seitz, HK Schuppan, D Stickel, F AF Dan, Z Popov, Y Patsenker, E Preimel, D Liu, C Wang, XD Seitz, HK Schuppan, D Stickel, F TI Alcohol-induced polar retinoid metabolites are hepatotoxic SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY APR 14-18, 2004 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Assoc Study Liver C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Med 1, Lab Liver Res, Erlangen, Germany. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Lab Alcohol Res & Liver Dis, Dept Med, Salem Med Ctr, Heidelberg, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 SU 1 MA 583 BP 170 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(04)90582-X PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 814BS UT WOS:000220950800583 ER PT J AU Anderson, MC Norman, JM Mecikalski, JR Torn, RD Kustas, WP Basara, JB AF Anderson, MC Norman, JM Mecikalski, JR Torn, RD Kustas, WP Basara, JB TI A multiscale remote sensing model for disaggregating regional fluxes to micrometeorological scales SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE-ENERGY BUDGET; HEAT-FLUX; VEGETATION INDEX; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HETEROGENEOUS TERRAIN; MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS; DAILY EVAPORATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SATELLITE DATA AB Disaggregation of regional-scale (10(3) m) flux estimates to micrometeorological scales (10(1) - 10(2) m) facilitates direct comparison between land surface models and ground-based observations. Inversely, it also provides a means for upscaling flux-tower information into a regional context. The utility of the Atmosphere - Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model and associated disaggregation technique (DisALEXI) in effecting regional to local downscaling is demonstrated in an application to thermal imagery collected with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite ( GOES) (5-km resolution) and Landsat (60-m resolution) over the state of Oklahoma on 4 days during 2000 - 01. A related algorithm (DisTrad) sharpens thermal imagery to resolutions associated with visible - near-infrared bands ( 30 m on Landsat), extending the range in scales achievable through disaggregation. The accuracy and utility of this combined multiscale modeling system is evaluated quantitatively in comparison with measurements made with flux towers in the Oklahoma Mesonet and qualitatively in terms of enhanced information content that emerges at high resolution where flux patterns can be identified with recognizable surface phenomena. Disaggregated flux fields at 30-m resolution were reaggregated over an area approximating the tower flux footprint and agreed with observed fluxes to within 10%. In contrast, 5-km flux predictions from ALEXI showed a higher relative error of 17% because of the gross mismatch in scale between model and measurement, highlighting the efficacy of disaggregation as a means for validating regional- scale flux predictions over heterogeneous landscapes. Sharpening the thermal inputs to DisALEXI with DisTrad did not improve agreement with observations in comparison with a simple bilinear interpolation technique because the sharpening interval associated with Landsat ( 60 - 30 m) was much smaller than the dominant scale of heterogeneity ( 200 - 500 m) in the scenes studied. Greater benefit is expected in application to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) data, where the potential sharpening interval ( 1 km to 250 m) brackets the typical agricultural field scale. Thermal sharpening did, however, significantly improve output in terms of visual information content and model convergence rate. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mcanders@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Basara, Jeffrey/A-4907-2008; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Basara, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2096-6844; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 80 TC 95 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 5 IS 2 BP 343 EP 363 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0343:AMRSMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 810GW UT WOS:000220693800006 ER PT J AU Kajinami, K Brousseau, ME Nartsupha, C Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Kajinami, K Brousseau, ME Nartsupha, C Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ TI ATP binding cassette transporter G5 and G8 genotypes and plasma lipoprotein levels before and after treatment with atorvastatin SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor; pharmacogenetics; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; adenosine 5 '-triphosphate binding cassette transporter ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SCANDINAVIAN SIMVASTATIN SURVIVAL; BILIARY CHOLESTEROL SECRETION; DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; CONTROLLED TRIAL; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; PRAVASTATIN; EVENTS; ABCG5; PREVENTION AB The mechanisms responsible for interindividual variation in response to statin therapy remain uncertain. It has been shown that hepatic cholesterol synthesis is associated with ATP binding cassette transporter G5 and G8 (ABCG5/8) activities. To test the hypothesis that genetic variation in ABCG5/8 might influence the plasma lipid response to statin therapy, we examined five nonsynonymous polymorphisms at the ABCG5/8 loci (Q604E, D19H, Y54C, T400K, and A632V) in 338 hypercholesterolemic patients treated with 10 mg atorvastatin. In carriers of the D19H variant, means of posttreatment values and adjusted percent reductions in LDL cholesterol (LDLC) were significantly lower (P = 0.028) and greater (P = 0.036) (112 mg/dl, 39.7%) than those of noncarriers (119 mg/dl, 36.2%), respectively, while no significant difference was observed in percent reductions in total cholesterol. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed significant and independent associations with absolute or percent reduction between D19H genotype and posttreatment LDL cholesterol levels. The other polymorphisms were not significantly associated with treatment effects. These results suggest that, in patients with hypercholesterolemia, the ABCG8 D19H variant is associated with greater LDLC-lowering response to atorvastatin therapy. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. RP Kajinami, K (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kajinami@kanazawa-med.ac.jp; Ernst.Schaefer@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 20 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 653 EP 656 DI 10.1194/jlr.M300278-JLR200 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 807PD UT WOS:000220512500007 PM 14703505 ER PT J AU Tai, ES Corella, D Deurenberg-Yap, M Adiconis, X Chew, SK Tan, CE Ordovas, JM AF Tai, ES Corella, D Deurenberg-Yap, M Adiconis, X Chew, SK Tan, CE Ordovas, JM TI Differential effects of the C1431T and Pro12Ala PPAR gamma gene variants on plasma lipids and diabetes risk in an Asian population SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; polymorphism; insulin; body mass index; fat; diet ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-GAMMA; NATIONAL-HEALTH SURVEY; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; METABOLIC SYNDROME; OBESE SUBJECTS; MISSENSE MUTATION; PPAR-GAMMA-2 GENE; DECREASED RISK; BODY-WEIGHT; POLYMORPHISM AB We investigated the association of C1431T and Prol2Ala polymorphisms at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) locus with plasma lipids and insulin resistance-related variables, according to diabetes status, in a large and representative Asian population from Singapore consisting of 2,730 Chinese, 740 Malays, and 568 Indians. Moreover, we estimated the diabetes risk and examined gene-nutrient interactions between these variants and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fat (SFA) in determining body mass index (BMI) and fasting insulin. We found differential effects of these gene variants. The Pro12Ala polymorphism was more associated with plasma lipids and fasting glucose concentrations, whereas the C1431T polymorphism was related to the risk of diabetes. Carriers of the 12Ala allele had higher HDL-cholesterol than did Pro12Pro homozygotes (P < 0.05), and the effect of the 12Ala allele on fasting glucose was modified by diabetes status (P < 0.001). After controlling for confounders, carriers of the T allele had decreased risk of diabetes compared with CC homozygotes [odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-0.93; P = 0.011]; this effect was stronger in Indians (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.15-0.92; P = 0.032). For both polymorphisms, normal subjects carrying the less prevalent allele had higher BMI (P < 0.05). The PUFA/SFA did not modify the effect of these polymorphisms on BMI or insulin. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Dept Prevent Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia 46010, Spain. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 169608, Singapore. Hlth Promot Board, Res & Informat Management Div, Singapore 168937, Singapore. Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Control Div, Singapore 169854, Singapore. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-54776] NR 50 TC 87 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 674 EP 685 DI 10.1194/jlr.M300363-JLR200 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 807PD UT WOS:000220512500010 PM 14729856 ER PT J AU Cook, KL Layton, AC Dionisi, HM Fleming, JT Sayler, GS AF Cook, KL Layton, AC Dionisi, HM Fleming, JT Sayler, GS TI Evaluation of a plasmid-based 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region array for analysis of microbial diversity in industrial wastewater SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE intergenic spacer; array; microarray; ISR; activated sludge; wastewater ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA MICROARRAYS; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; PCR; QUANTIFICATION; MICROORGANISMS AB A plasmid-based 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) array was developed and optimized for analysis of microbial diversity within complex environmental samples. Plasmid probes with 16S-23S rDNA ISR inserts (800-1500 bp) from industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) microorganisms were arrayed onto glass slides. Hybridization of fluorescently labeled target sequences from two clones from the ISR WWTP library to arrayed probes showed that there was a good linear relationship between hybridization intensity and ISR similarity (r(2)=0.82). Hybridization was highly specific (average background from arrayed probes with less than 80% similarity in ISR sequence was less than 7%). Strong fluorescence intensity corresponded to near-perfect match clones (99% or greater similarity in ISR sequence). A majority of probes (79%) showed no background hybridization. However, weak background (less than 50% for arrayed probes with 90% and 95% similarity in the 16S rRNA genes) was observed from closely related microorganisms. Background fluorescence from the negative control (plasmid vector with no insert) was similar to water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-negative controls. Hybridization using fluorescently labeled ISR sequences from a mixed community sample produced strong fluorescent signals with no background from negative controls. A Cy5-labeled reference standard, part of the vector and present in every spotted probe, was used to normalize hybridization values. These results indicate that arrayed plasmid containing ISR probe insert sequences provides specificity and sensitivity for microbial community analysis in a high-throughput array formal. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sayler, GS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sayler@utk.edu NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD APR PY 2004 VL 57 IS 1 BP 79 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2003.12.008 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 806BO UT WOS:000220409600010 PM 15003691 ER PT J AU Holzer, Z Berry, BW Campbell, AM Spanier, AM Solomon, MB AF Holzer, Z Berry, BW Campbell, AM Spanier, AM Solomon, MB TI Effect of koshering and hydrodynamic pressure on beef color, odor, and microbial loads SO JOURNAL OF MUSCLE FOODS LA English DT Article ID LIPID OXIDATION; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; MUSCLE; LONGISSIMUS; REDUCTION; PORK; MEAT AB Vacuum packaged koshered (salted) meat typically undergoes a rapid color change (turning brown) with the formation of objectionable odor during refrigeration. Alterations in muscle structure have been suggested to affect the oxidative activity of salt. The hydrodynamic pressure (HDP) has been shown to physically disrupt portions of myofibrils without distorting the physical shape of the piece of meat, which may alter the effect of the kosher processing on fresh meat properties. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the koshering process and hydrodynamic pressure (HDP), either alone or in combination, on pH, microbial growth, color and odor properties of beef. Treatments were: (1) control (C); (2) koshering process (salted = S); (3) hydrodynamic pressure treated (H); (4) the combination of koshering followed by HDP treatment (SH). The H treatment was more effective in inhibiting the normal microflora than either the S or the combination of S with H. After 14 days of storage, S samples had greater than 80% surface discoloration (brown color) compared to less than 40% discoloration on the surface for the C, H and dSH samples. The H treatment reduced the surface discoloration of koshered (salted) meat samples to a level similar to that of the control. It appears that hydrodynamic pressure treatment may diminish the undesirable pro-oxidant effects (discoloration) of koshering (salting) beef. C1 USDA, ARS, FTSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Res Org, Newe Yaar Res Ctr, Inst Anim Sci, IL-30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel. RP Solomon, MB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, FTSL, Bldg 201,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM msolomon@ami.barc.usda.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1046-0756 J9 J MUSCLE FOODS JI J. Muscle Foods PD APR PY 2004 VL 15 IS 1 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4573.2004.tb00680.x PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 814ND UT WOS:000220980500005 ER PT J AU Marasas, WFO Riley, RT Hendricks, KA Stevens, VL Sadler, TW Gelineau-van Waes, J Missmer, SA Cabrera, J Torres, O Gelderblom, WCA Allegood, J Martinez, C Maddox, J Miller, JD Starr, L Sullards, MC Roman, AV Voss, KA Wang, E Merrill, AH AF Marasas, WFO Riley, RT Hendricks, KA Stevens, VL Sadler, TW Gelineau-van Waes, J Missmer, SA Cabrera, J Torres, O Gelderblom, WCA Allegood, J Martinez, C Maddox, J Miller, JD Starr, L Sullards, MC Roman, AV Voss, KA Wang, E Merrill, AH TI Fumonisins disrupt sphingolipid metabolism, folate transport, and neural tube development in embryo culture and in vivo: A potential risk factor for human neural tube defects among populations consuming fumonisin-contaminated maize SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE fumonisins; neural tube defects; craniofacial abnormalities; sphingolipids; folate ID HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; CELL PLASMA-MEMBRANES; GPI-ANCHORED PROTEINS; STAGED RAT EMBRYOS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; FOLIC-ACID; BIRTH-DEFECTS; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; BINDING-PROTEIN AB Fumonisins are a family of toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (formerly Fusarium moniliforme), a common fungal contaminant of maize. Fumonisins inhibit ceramide synthase, causing accumulation of bioactive intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism (sphinganine and other sphingoid bases and derivatives) as well as depletion of complex sphingolipids, which interferes with the function of some membrane proteins, including the folate-binding protein (human folate receptor a). Fumonisin causes neural tube and craniofacial defects in mouse embryos in culture. Many of these effects are prevented by supplemental folic acid. Recent studies in LMBc mice found that fumonisin exposure in utero increases the frequency of developmental defects and administration of folate or a complex sphingolipid is preventive. High incidences of neural tube defects (NTD) occur in some regions of the world where substantial consumption of fumonisins has been documented or plausibly suggested (Guatemala, South Africa, and China); furthermore, a recent study of NTD in border counties of Texas found a significant association between NTD and consumption of tortillas during the first trimester. Hence, we propose that fumonisins are potential risk factors for NTD, craniofacial anomalies, and other birth defects arising from neural crest cells because of their apparent interference with folate utilization. C1 MRC, PROMEC Unit, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Munroe Meyer Inst, Nebraska Med Ctr, Ctr Human Mol Genet, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Hosp Gen San Juan Dios, Genet Clin, Dept Pediat, Guatemala City, Guatemala. INCAP, OPS, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Marasas, WFO (reprint author), MRC, PROMEC Unit, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. EM wally.marasas@mrc.ac.za; al.merrill@biology.gatech.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM46368]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU613232, U85/CCU608761-05] NR 87 TC 297 Z9 303 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2004 VL 134 IS 4 BP 711 EP 716 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 810CF UT WOS:000220681700002 PM 15051815 ER PT J AU Choi, SW Friso, S Ghandour, H Bagley, PJ Selhub, J Mason, JB AF Choi, SW Friso, S Ghandour, H Bagley, PJ Selhub, J Mason, JB TI Vitamin B-12 deficiency induces anomalies of base substitution and methylation in the DNA of rat colonic epithelium SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin B-12; DNA methylation; uracil misincorporation; rats; colon ID MODERATE FOLATE-DEPLETION; POPULATION-BASED COHORT; PERNICIOUS-ANEMIA; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; URACIL MISINCORPORATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELDERLY-WOMEN; BREAST-CANCER; IN-VITRO; RISK AB Derangements of one-carbon metabolism can directly affect the integrity of the genome by producing inappropriate uracil insertion into DNA and by altering patterns of DNA methylation. Vitamin B-12, a one-carbon nutrient, serves as a cofactor in the synthesis of precursors of biological methylation and in nucleotide synthesis. We therefore examined whether vitamin B-12 deficiency can induce these molecular anomalies in the colonic mucosa of rats. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30) were divided into 2 groups and fed either a vitamin B-12-deficient diet or a similar diet containing adequate amounts of the vitamin. Rats from each group were killed at 6 and 10 wk. Uracil misincorporation into DNA was measured by GC/MS and genomic DNA methylation was measured by LC/MS. Plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations in deficient rats were below detectable limits at 6 and 10 wk; in control rats, concentrations were 0.46 +/- 0.07 and 0.42 +/- 0.10 nmol/L at those times. Although the colon total folate concentration did not differ between the groups, the proportion that was methylfolate was marginally greater in the deficient rats at 10 wk (P = 0.05) compared with control, consistent with the "methylfolate trap" that develops during vitamin B-12 deficiency. After 10 wk, the colonic DNA of the deficient rats displayed a 35% decrease in genomic methylation and a 105% increase in uracil incorporation (P < 0.05). This vitamin B-12-deficient diet, which was of insufficient severity to cause anemia or illness, created aberrations in both base substitution and methylation of colonic DNA, which might increase susceptibility to carcinogenesis. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Verona, Policlin GB Rossi, Dept Clin & Expt Med, I-37134 Verona, Italy. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sang.choi@tufts.edu RI Bagley, Pamela/N-1906-2015 OI Bagley, Pamela/0000-0002-1214-7814 FU NCI NIH HHS [R03 CA96004-02, R01 CA59005-05S1] NR 54 TC 55 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2004 VL 134 IS 4 BP 750 EP 755 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 810CF UT WOS:000220681700008 PM 15051821 ER PT J AU Elsherif, L Wang, LP Saari, JT Kang, YJ AF Elsherif, L Wang, LP Saari, JT Kang, YJ TI Regression of dietary copper restriction-induced cardiomyopathy by copper repletion in mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cardiomyopathys; cardiac function; copper deficiency; copper repletion; heart hypertrophy ID VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE; MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT; STAGE HEART-FAILURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; UNIFIED PERSPECTIVE; DEFICIENT RATS; LYSYL OXIDASE; HYPERTROPHY; METALLOTHIONEIN; DYSFUNCTION AB Dietary copper deficiency (CuD)(3) leads to cardiac hypertrophy in various animal models. We showed recently that heart failure develops after hypertrophy in FVB mice fed a CuD diet. The present study was undertaken to determine whether CuD-induced cardiac failure is reversible upon copper repletion (CuR). Dams of FVB mice were fed a CuD diet (0.3 mg/kg) starting from d 3 postdelivery; the weanling pups were fed the same diet until CuR with 6.0 mg/kg Cu in the diet at 4 or 5 wk of age. CuR at 4 wk of age prevented the body weight loss; at 5 wk of age, it resulted in the regaining of the lost weight caused by CUD. A significant regression of CuD-induced cardiac hypertrophy was observed in the CUR mice. Histopathological examination revealed that CuR eliminated CuD-caused lipid deposition in the myocardium, and electron microscopy demonstrated that CuD-induced ultrastructural changes such as mitochondrial swelling and organelle structural disarray were all reversed in the CuR mice. Hemodynamic analysis showed that the CuD-depressed systolic and diastolic parameters such as the maximal rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+dP/dt) and decline (-dP/dt), and the contraction and relaxation times were completely recovered in the CUR mice. Furthermore, the CuD-blunted myocardial responses to the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, were also restored in the CuR mice. This study thus demonstrates for the first time that CUR results in the regression of heart failure induced by CuD as demonstrated by the reversal of depressed cardiac hemodynamic and contractile function and the restored responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Kang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM yjkang01@louisville.edu NR 31 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2004 VL 134 IS 4 BP 855 EP 860 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 810CF UT WOS:000220681700024 PM 15051837 ER PT J AU Gao, X Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL AF Gao, X Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL TI Plasma C-reactive protein and homocysteine concentrations are related to frequent fruit and vegetable intake in hispanic and non-hispanic white elders SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; homocysteine; fruit; vegetable; elderly ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; ARTERY-DISEASE; VITAMIN STATUS; RISK; INFLAMMATION AB Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma total homocysteine (Hcy) were recently identified as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, few studies have related fruit and vegetable consumption to these markers of inflammation and B vitamin deficiency, particularly in the Hispanic population. We examined the relation of fruit and vegetable intake with plasma CRIP and Hcy concentrations in a cross-sectional study. Subjects were 445 Hispanic elders and 154 neighborhood-based non-Hispanic white elders living in Massachusetts. Diet was assessed with a FFQ designed for this population. There were significant inverse dose-response associations between fruit and vegetable intake and plasma CRP (P for trend = 0.010) and Hcy (P for trend = 0.033) concentrations, after adjustment for potential confounders. The prevalence of high plasma CRP (> 10 mg/L), and high Hcy (>10.4 mumol/L for women and >11.4 mumol/L for men), was significantly greater among subjects in the lowest quartile of fruit and vegetable consumption relative to those in the highest quartile, 17.9 vs. 9.1% and 58.7 vs. 44.4%, respectively. With each additional serving of fruit and vegetable intake, adjusted odd ratios for high plasma CRP and Hcy were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.97) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72 to 0.96), respectively. Greater frequency of fruit and vegetable intake was associated with significantly lower plasma CRP and Hcy concentrations. Because both of these metabolites are known risk factors for CVD, these findings contribute to the evidence that a higher intake of fruit and vegetables may reduce the risk of CVD. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10425-05] NR 61 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2004 VL 134 IS 4 BP 913 EP 918 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 810CF UT WOS:000220681700033 PM 15051846 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lipscomb, TP Mense, M AF Dubey, JP Lipscomb, TP Mense, M TI Toxoplasmosis in an elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; GONDII INFECTION; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; OTTER AB Toxoplasma gondii infections in fish-eating marine mammals is intriguing and indicative of contamination of the sea environment with oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was identified in an elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) that had encephalitis. Tissue cysts were found in sections of cerebrum, and the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with T. gondii-specific polyclonal rabbit serum. This is the first report of T. gondii infection in an elephant seal. C1 ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 90 IS 2 BP 410 EP 411 DI 10.1645/GE-155R PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 819YH UT WOS:000221351800031 PM 15165069 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Morales, ES Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Morales, ES Lehmann, T TI Isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from free-ranging chickens from Mexico SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRAZIL AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the presence of T. gondii oocysts in the environment because chickens feed from the soil. In the present study, prevalence of T. gondii in 208 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Mexico was investigated. Blood, heart, and brain from each animal were obtained to test for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T gondii, assayed with the modified agglutination test (1:10 or higher), were found in 13 (6.2%) chickens. Hearts and brains of 13 seropositive chickens were bioassayed in mice, and T. gondii was isolated from 6 chickens. All 6 isolates were avirulent for mice. Genotyping of chicken isolates of T. gondii using the SAG2 locus indicated that 5 were type III and 1 was type I. This is the first report of isolation of T. gondii from chickens from Mexico. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med Vet & Zooten, Dept Patol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 12 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 90 IS 2 BP 411 EP 413 DI 10.1645/GE-194R PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 819YH UT WOS:000221351800032 PM 15165070 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, VL Willett, JL AF Finkenstadt, VL Willett, JL TI Electroactive materials composed of starch SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Meeting of the BioEnvironmental-Polymer-Society CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP BioEnvironm Polymer Soc DE starch; conductance; polymeric material ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES AB Extruded films of plasticized starch were doped with metal halides to produce solid ion-conducting materials. The electrical conductance of the material increased from 10(-11) to 10(-6) Siemens/cm. The type and amount of dopant affects the conductance of the material. Although the materials are moisture sensitive, water content does not have a significant effect on the conductance of doped films. Mechanical properties of doped films indicate that the starch is plasticized and that the ion-conducting material is strong and tractable. Unlike intrinsically conductive polymers, electroactive starch materials can be extruded in thin films or molded into any shape. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Finkenstadt, VL (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD APR PY 2004 VL 12 IS 2 BP 43 EP 46 DI 10.1023/B:JOOE.0000010049.33284.08 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 757ED UT WOS:000187535100001 ER PT J AU Imakawa, K Chang, KT Christenson, RK AF Imakawa, K Chang, KT Christenson, RK TI Pre-implantation conceptus and maternal uterine communications: molecular events leading to successful implantation SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE pre-implantation period; ICM; trophoblast; implantation window; maternal-conceptus communication ID LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR; OVINE TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; POSTIMPLANTATION MOUSE DEVELOPMENT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-2-GAMMA; DEAMINASE GENE-EXPRESSION; INTERFERON-TAU GENE; GROWTH-FACTOR; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM AB Implantation, a critical step for mammals in establishing pregnancy, requires successful completion of sequential events such as maternal uterine development, conceptus development and attachment, and placental formation. To reach the stage of placental formation, synchronized development of the conceptus and uterus throughout the implantation period is absolutely required. A number of factors expressed at the uterine endometrium and/or conceptus, which are associated with peri-implantation development, have been identified. In addition to a temporal and spatial expression of these factors, their roles in intra- and inter-cellular interactions make it difficult to fully understand physiological roles played during the critical period. This paper focuses on early conceptus development, maternal preparation for implantation and uterine-conceptus communication during the pre-implantation period, rather than the subsequent events such as conceptus attachment to the maternal endometrium. New aspects of pre-implantation processes are evaluated through simultaneous expressions of transcription factors as they possibly regulate the complex processes of implantation events in murine species and ruminant ungulates. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Lab Anim Breeding, Implantat Res Grp, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Taejon 305333, South Korea. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Imakawa, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Lab Anim Breeding, Implantat Res Grp, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM akaz@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 119 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOCIETY REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT-SRD PI TSUKUBA PA C/O KAZUHIRO KIKUCHI, PHD DVM, NATL INST AGROBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES KANNONDAI 2-1-2, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305-8602, JAPAN SN 0916-8818 J9 J REPROD DEVELOP JI J. Reprod. Dev. PD APR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 2 BP 155 EP 169 DI 10.1262/jrd.50.155 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 832DY UT WOS:000222248600001 PM 15118242 ER PT J AU Bowman, SA Vinyard, BT AF Bowman, SA Vinyard, BT TI Fast food consumption of US adults: Impact on energy and nutrient intakes and overweight status SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE fast food; energy intake; energy density; nutritional quality; overweight; obesity ID VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; BONE HEALTH; FRUIT; DIETARY; OBESITY; WOMEN AB Objective: To compare the diet quality and overweight status of free-living adults, ages 20 years and older, grouped based on their fast food intake status. Methods: USDA's 1994 to 1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII 1994-1996) data was used. Three separate analyses were conducted: (1) effect of fast food on diet quality of males and females based on day-one data, (2) comparison of dietary and overweight status of adults who ate fast food on one- two- or none of survey days and (3) within-person analysis comparing energy and macronutrient intakes of adults who ate fast food on one of the two survey days. SUDAAN software package was used in pair-wise mean comparisons and regression analyses (alpha = 0.05). Results: At least one in four adults reported eating fast food. The diet of males and females who consumed fast food was high in energy and energy density. Fast food provided more than one-third of the day's energy, total fat and saturated fat; and was high in energy density. Negligible amounts of milk and fruits, but substantially large amounts of non-diet carbonated soft drinks were reported consumed at fast food places. After controlling for age, gender, socio-economic and demographic factors, energy and energy density increased and micronutrient density decreased with frequency of fast food consumption. Adults who reported eating fast food on at least one survey day had higher mean body mass index values than those who did not eat fast food on both survey days. A small, but significant, positive association was seen between fast food consumption and overweight status. Within-person comparisons showed that energy intakes were higher on a fast food day than on it non-fast food day. Conclusion: Fast food consumption was associated with a diet high in energy and energy density and low in essential micronutrient density. Frequent fast food consumption may contribute to weight gain. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bowman, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, 10300,Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,Room 125,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sbowman@rbhnrc.usda.gov NR 30 TC 274 Z9 278 U1 6 U2 57 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD APR PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 807TK UT WOS:000220523600010 PM 15047683 ER PT J AU Maras, JE Bermudez, OI Qiao, N Bakun, PJ Boody-Alter, EL Tucker, KL AF Maras, JE Bermudez, OI Qiao, N Bakun, PJ Boody-Alter, EL Tucker, KL TI Intake of alpha-tocopherol is limited among US adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; VITAMIN-E STATUS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; RESORPTION-GESTATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CORONARY-DISEASE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; DIETARY-INTAKE; RISK AB Objective To examine a-tocopherol intake and food sources of alpha-tocopherol in the US population relative to current Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin E. Design We analyzed food source and intake data from the 1994 to 1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) with added values for alpha-tocopherol from the US Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 15. Subjects Data from 5,056 men and 4,703 women aged 20 years and older were obtained from the 1994 to 1996 CSFII. Statistical Analyses Performed The complex design and sampling weights of the CSFII survey were taken into account to calculate the mean alpha-tocopherol intake from diet, the SEM, and the percent of the Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) for alpha-tocopherol intake by age group and region. Results Only 8.0% of men and 2.4% of women in the United States met the new EARs for vitamin E intake from foods alone. Regionally, only 5.8% of men and 2.1% of women in the South met these EARs, relative to 9.0% and 2.6%, respectively, in the Northeast. Top contributors of alpha-tocopherol for men and women included ready-to-eat cereal, sweet baked products, white bread, beef, oils, and salad dressing. Applications/Conclusions The majority of men and women in the United States fail to meet the current recommendations for vitamin E intake. Many of the top contributors are not particularly high sources of alpha-tocopherol but are consumed frequently. Greater inclusion of sources such as nuts, seeds, and vitamin E-rich oils, could improve intake of alpha-tocopherol. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 47 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 104 IS 4 BP 567 EP 575 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.004 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 809KE UT WOS:000220634800015 PM 15054342 ER PT J AU Weinstein, SJ Vogt, TM Gerrior, SA AF Weinstein, SJ Vogt, TM Gerrior, SA TI Healthy Eating Index scores are associated with blood nutrient concentrations in the third national health and nutrition examination survey SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GUIDELINES-FOR-AMERICANS; MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; DIET QUALITY INDEX; PLASMA CAROTENOIDS; VEGETABLE INTAKE; SUPPLEMENT USE; ENERGY-INTAKE; OLDER ADULTS; VITAMIN-C; FRUIT AB Objectives The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a summary measure of dietary quality, based on a 100-point scale. Our objectives were to assess the HEI as a measure of dietary status through its correlation with nutritional biomarkers and to identify those biomarkers most associated with diet quality and healthful food intake patterns. Design National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III, 1988-94. Subjects Adults ( greater than or equal to17 years) with calculated HEI scores and blood nutrient data (n=16,467). Statistical Analyses Performed Weighted crude and partial Pearson correlation coefficients (r) between HEI scores and blood nutrients were calculated. Geometric mean blood nutrient concentrations were calculated for five HEI score categories (ranging from less than or equal to50 to >80). Results HEI score was positively correlated with serum (r=0.25) and red blood cell (r=0.27) folate, serum vitamins C (r=0.30) and E (r=0.21), and all serum carotenoids except lycopene (r=0.17 to 0.27). These blood nutrient concentrations were 21% to 175% higher for participants in the highest HEI score group (>80) compared with those in the lowest group (less than or equal to50). Mean HEI scores were significantly (P<.0001) greater among the 42% of participants who took dietary supplements. Most correlations were attenuated when adjusted for additional factors. Conclusions HEI score is correlated with a wide range of blood nutrients; the strongest relationships are with biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake. These results are an important step in the validation of the HEI, emphasizing its potential as a tool for nutrition and health studies. C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerrior, SA (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM shirley.gerrior@cnpp.usda.gov NR 55 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 104 IS 4 BP 576 EP 584 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.005 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 809KE UT WOS:000220634800016 PM 15054343 ER PT J AU Godwin, SL Chambers, E Cleveland, L AF Godwin, SL Chambers, E Cleveland, L TI Accuracy of reporting dietary intake using various portion-size aids in-person and via telephone SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; MULTIPLE-PASS; ENERGY-INTAKE; RECALL TECHNIQUE; FOOD MODELS; LOW-INCOME; WOMEN; VALIDITY; OBESE; VALIDATION AB Objective This study compared the accuracy with which respondents reported food intake using different portion-size estimation aids (PSEAs) and determined whether the interview technique affected the accuracy of reporting. Design Participants chose preweighed foods from a buffet line, leftovers were weighed, and actual amounts eaten were calculated. The next day during dietary interviews, participants estimated amounts eaten using one of four procedures, including telephone or in-person interviews, two-dimensional or three-dimensional PSEAs, and guiding or not guiding participants to certain aids. Subjects A total of 120 persons, ages 18 to 65 years, representing both genders were recruited through advertisements, local churches, and universities. Statistical Analysis Analysis of variance and least significant differences were calculated for mean percentage estimation error. Frequencies and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine percentage misestimations and relationships between estimations and perceived healthfulness of the food and confidence in the estimate made. Results In general, accuracy of reporting food amounts was not significantly different for the different types of aids or for the interview technique. Participants frequently overestimated the intake by more than 20% for solids (four overestimations and zero underestimations) and liquids (13 overestimations and one underestimation), and both over- and underestimated amorphous (mounding) foods by more than 20% (six underestimations and seven overestimations). Misestimation was unrelated to perceived healthfulness of the food or respondent confidence in the estimate. Conclusions In this study, portion-size data, based on PSEAs used in dietary recalls for estimating amounts eaten, were useful for measuring dietary intake for population-based studies. Individual respondent data, however, may be inaccurate and should be supplemented with additional information to improve assessment of individual nutritional status. Techniques such as telephone interviewing and guiding respondents to certain aids seem useful for reducing the burden of dietary assessment. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Inst Agr & Environm Res Program, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Sensory Anal Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Godwin, SL (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. EM sgodwin@tnstate.edu NR 48 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 104 IS 4 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.006 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 809KE UT WOS:000220634800017 PM 15054344 ER PT J AU Conway, JM Ingwersen, LA Moshfegh, AJ AF Conway, JM Ingwersen, LA Moshfegh, AJ TI Accuracy of dietary recall using the USDA five-step multiple-pass method in men: An observational validation study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-INTAKE; FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES; PHYSIOLOGY; VALIDITY; CUTOFF; WOMEN AB Objective This observational validation study was conducted under controlled conditions to test the accuracy of dietary recall in normal weight, overweight, and obese men using the USDA five-step multiple-pass method for dietary recall. Design Cross-sectional analysis of actual and recalled intake of food during 1 day. Subjects/setting Forty-two men ranging in age from 21 to 65 years and in body mass index from 21 to 39 kg/m(2) who lived in the metropolitan Washington DC area were studied. Intervention The subjects selected and consumed all meals and snacks, for 1 day, from a wide variety of foods provided at a human study facility. Main outcome measures Actual and recalled energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat intakes were determined by direct observation and by a 24-hour dietary recall, respectively. Dietary recall was determined via telephone administration of the USDA five-step multiple-pass method the following day. Statistical analyses performed Analysis of variance and covariance tested the overall accuracy of recall and the effect of body mass index on dietary recall. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess bias in recall of food intake. Results In this population of men, there were no significant differences between actual and recalled intakes of energy (3,294 +/- 111 and 3,541 +/- 124 kcal/day), protein (117 +/- 5 and 126 +/- 5 g/day), carbohydrate (414 +/- 16 and 449 +/- 16 g/day), or fat (136 +/- 7 and 146 +/- 8 g/day), respectively. Accuracy of recall was not related to body mass index in that the obese men recalled food intake as accurately as the nonobese men. The energy intake of these men was significantly correlated (r=0.57, P<.05) with their estimated energy requirements. Significant interindividual variation in accuracy of recall was found. Conclusions Under controlled conditions, the USDA five-step multiple-pass method can accurately assess intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat in a population of men regardless of their body mass index. Researchers and clinical dietitians need to continue to examine factors that influence underreporting and overreporting of food intake by the multiple-pass 24-hour recall method. C1 USDA, BHNRC, ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, BHNRC, ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Conway, JM (reprint author), USDA, BHNRC, ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Bldg 307B,Room 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM conway@bhnrc.arsusda.gov NR 23 TC 159 Z9 161 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 104 IS 4 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.007 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 809KE UT WOS:000220634800018 PM 15054345 ER PT J AU Seynnes, O Singh, MAF AF Seynnes, O Singh, MAF TI Relationship between resistance training intensity and physiological and functional adaptation in frail elders SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Geriatr Soc C1 Univ Nice, Fac Sport Sci, Lab Physiol Adaptat Performance Motrice & Sante, Nice, France. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 52 IS 4 SU S MA P582 BP S216 EP S217 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 813HV UT WOS:000220899100627 ER PT J AU Seynnes, O Singh, MAF AF Seynnes, O Singh, MAF TI Relationships between isometric force control capacity and functional performance of lower extremities in independent living older women. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Geriatr Soc C1 Univ Nice, Fac Sport Sci, Lab Physiol Adaptat Performance Motrice & Sante, Nice, France. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 52 IS 4 SU S MA P144 BP S66 EP S66 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 813HV UT WOS:000220899100190 ER PT J AU Marmer, W AF Marmer, W TI The physico-chemical principles of water-based degreasing of animal skins - Convention discussion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. RP Marmer, W (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 99 IS 4 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 809ZV UT WOS:000220675500002 ER PT J AU Maffia, GJ Selter, MA Cooke, PH Brown, EM AF Maffia, GJ Selter, MA Cooke, PH Brown, EM TI Collagen processing SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 98th Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 22, 2002 CL Skytop, PA ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HEXAMETHYLDISILAZANE AB Collagen dispersions, produced from fibrils recovered from milled bovine collagen, have shown promise in environmental remediation in applications as settling aids, filtration aids, fractionation media, oil drop stabilizers, and water purification aids. Macroporous structures, processed by controlled lyophilization of collagen dispersions, are suitable as cell culturing substrates. Collagen was structurally characterized during milling to assist in designing a method for scale-up of the production process. In fact, although the initial processing involves a ball mill, the actual operation is more of an unraveling of the fiber to expose the fibrils, which have nanoscale dimensions. During the ball-milling step of production the active surface area of the collagen increases more than 200 times without chemically altering or denaturing the collagen. To demonstrate this throughout the milling process, active surface area per mass, fibril structure, molecular weight distribution, percent lipid, percent nitrogen, and percent ash were monitored. C1 Widener Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Chester, PA 19013 USA. ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Maffia, GJ (reprint author), Widener Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Chester, PA 19013 USA. EM gjm0001@mail.widener.edu NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 99 IS 4 BP 164 EP 169 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 809ZV UT WOS:000220675500004 ER PT J AU Canfield, HE AF Canfield, HE TI Sediment yield, contaminate transport, and decision support modeling: To honor the work of dr. leonard j Lane SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Canfield, HE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 287 EP 288 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01028.x PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 819NR UT WOS:000221322300001 ER PT J AU Laflen, JM Flanagan, DC Engel, BA AF Laflen, JM Flanagan, DC Engel, BA TI Soil erosion and sediment yield prediction accuracy using WEPP SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Water-Resources-Association CY NOV, 2001 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Water Resources Assoc ID PLOT DATA; RUNOFF; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB The objectives of this paper are to discuss expectations for the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) accuracy, to review published studies related to WEPP goodness of fit, and to evaluate these in the context of expectations for WEPP's goodness of fit. WEPP model erosion predictions have been compared in numerous studies to observed values for soil loss and sediment delivery from cropland plots, forest roads, irrigated lands and small watersheds. A number of different techniques for evaluating WEPP have been used, including one recently developed where the ability of WEPP to accurately predict soil erosion can be compared to the accuracy of replicated plots to predict soil erosion. In one study involving 1,594 years of data from runoff plots, WEPP performed similarly to the Universal Soil Loss Erosion (USLE) technology, indicating that WEPP has met the criteria of results being "at least as good with respect to observed data and known relationships as those from the USLE," particularly when the USLE technology was developed using relationships derived from that data set, and using soil erodibility values measured on those plots using data sets from the same period of record. In many cases, WEPP performed as well as could be expected, based on comparisons with the variability in replicate data sets. One major finding has been that soil erodibility values calculated using the technology in WEPP for rainfall conditions may not be suitable for furrow irrigated conditions. WEPP was found to represent the major storms that account for high percentages of soil loss quite well - a single storm application that the USLE technology is unsuitable for - and WEPP has performed well for disturbed forests and forest roads. WEPP has been able to reflect the extremes of soil loss, being quite responsive to the wide differences in cropping, tillage, and other forms of management, one of the requirements for WEPP validation. WEPP was also found to perform well on a wide range of small watersheds, an area where USLE technology cannot be used. C1 Purdue Univ, Buffalo Ctr, IA 50424 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Laflen, JM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 5784 Hwy 9, Buffalo Ctr, IA 50424 USA. EM laflen@ecn.purdue.edu NR 21 TC 42 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01029.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 819NR UT WOS:000221322300002 ER PT J AU Elliot, WJ AF Elliot, WJ TI WEPP internet interfaces for forest erosion prediction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Water-Resources-Association CY NOV, 2001 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Water Resources Assoc AB The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) is a physically based erosion model for applications to dryland and irrigated agriculture, rangeland, and forests. U.S. Forest Service (USFS) experience showed that WEPP was not being adapted because of the difficulty in building files describing the input conditions in the existing interfaces. To address this difficulty, a suite of Internet interfaces with a database was developed to more easily predict soil erosion for a wide range of climatic and forest conditions, including roads, fires, and timber harvest. The database included a much larger climate database than was previously available for applications in remote forest and rangeland areas. Validation results showed reasonable agreement between erosion values reported in the literature and values predicted by the interfaces to the WEPP model. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Elliot, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 11221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM welliot@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01030.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 819NR UT WOS:000221322300003 ER PT J AU Lopes, VL Canfield, HE AF Lopes, VL Canfield, HE TI Effects of watershed representation on runoff and sediment yield modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Water-Resources-Association CY NOV, 2001 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE erosion, sediment transport; watershed modeling; storm runoff; semiarid watersheds; scale effects; watershed representation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; PREDICTING LAND-USE; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; CATCHMENT MODELS; SCALE; UNCERTAINTY; HYDROLOGY; VALIDATION AB This paper evaluates the effects of watershed geometric representation (i.e., plane and channel representation) on runoff and sediment yield simulations in a semiarid rangeland watershed. A process based, spatially distributed runoff erosion model (KINEROS2) was used to explore four spatial representations of a 4.4 ha experimental watershed. The most complex representation included all 96 channel elements identifiable in the field. The least complex representation contained only five channel elements. It was concluded that oversimplified watershed representations greatly influence runoff and sediment yield simulations by inducing excessive infiltration on hillslopes and distorting runoff patterns and sediment fluxes. Runoff and sediment yield decrease systematically with decreasing complexity in watershed representation. However, less complex representations had less impact on runoff and sediment-yield simulations for small rainfall events. This study concludes that the selection of the appropriate level of watershed representation can have important theoretical and practical implications on runoff and sediment yield modeling in semiarid environments. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Lopes, VL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, 325 Bio Sci,East, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM vlopes@ag.arizona.edu NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01031.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 819NR UT WOS:000221322300004 ER PT J AU Canfield, HE Lopes, VL AF Canfield, HE Lopes, VL TI Parameter identification in a two-multiplier sediment yield model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Water-Resources-Association CY NOV, 2001 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE erosion; sedimentation; surface water hydrology; watershed modeling; parameter identification; rangeland watersheds ID EROSION MODEL; SOIL-EROSION; CATCHMENT; SCALE; IDENTIFIABILITY; OPTIMIZATION; CALIBRATION; EQUATIONS; FUTURE AB A process based, distributed runoff erosion model (KINEROS2) was used to examine problems of parameter identification of sediment entrainment equations for small watersheds. Two multipliers were used to reflect the distributed nature of the sediment entrainment parameters: one multiplier for a raindrop induced entrainment parameter, and one multiplier for a flow induced entrainment parameter. The study was conducted in three parts. First, parameter identification was studied for simulated error free data sets where the parameter values were known. Second, the number of data points in the simulated sedigraphs was reduced to reflect the effect of temporal sampling frequency on parameter identification. Finally, event data from a small range-land watershed were used to examine parameter identifiability when the parameter values are unknown. Results demonstrated that whereas unique multiplier values can be obtained for simulated error free data, unique parameter values could not be obtained for some event data. Unique multiplier values for raindrop induced entrainment and flow induced entrainment were found for events with greater than a two-year return period (similar to25 mm) that also had at least 10 mm of rain in ten minutes. It was also found that the three-minute sampling frequency used for the sediment sampler might be inadequate to identify parameters in some cases. C1 USDA, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Canfield, HE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM canfield@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 321 EP 332 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 819NR UT WOS:000221322300005 ER PT J AU Heilman, P Hatfield, JL Adkins, M Porter, J Kurth, R AF Heilman, P Hatfield, JL Adkins, M Porter, J Kurth, R TI Field scale multiobjective decision making: A case study from western Iowa SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Water-Resources-Association CY NOV, 2001 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE water quality; decision support systems; farm management model; agricultural hydrology ID SUPPORT-SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; WATER-QUALITY AB Water quality issues in agriculture are growing in importance. A common theme is the provision of better information to decision makers. This study reports the trial of a prototype decision support system by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Agricultural Research Service in the NRCS Harrison County Field Office in 1998. Observed data collected at the Deep Loess Research Station (DLRS) near Treynor, Iowa, were extrapolated using a modified GLEAMS field scale simulation model that included a nitrogen leaching component and a crop growth component. An accounting tool was used to convert crop yield estimates into crop budgets. A model interface was built to specify the climate, soil, and topography of the field, as well as the management scenarios for the alternative management systems. For the Deep Loess Hills area of Harrison County, a total of six soil and slope groups, with 66 total combinations of management practices forming management systems, were defined and simulated based on previously calibrated data from DLRS. A multiobjective decision support system, the Water Quality Decision Support System, or WQDSS, was used to examine the tradeoffs in a comprehensive set of variables affected by alternative management systems with farmers in Harrison County. The study concluded that a multiobjective decision support system should be developed to support conservation planning by the NRCS. Currently, a larger scale effort to improve water quality decision making is underway. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, NRCS, Des Moines, IA 50309 USA. Harrison Cty SWCD, Logan, IA 51546 USA. RP Heilman, P (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM pheilman@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 333 EP 345 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01033.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 819NR UT WOS:000221322300006 ER PT J AU Miller, RC Guertin, DP Heilman, P AF Miller, RC Guertin, DP Heilman, P TI Information technology in watershed management decision making SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Water-Resources-Association CY NOV, 2001 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE watershed management; geographic information systems; information technology; Internet ID LAND-COVER AB Watershed management decision making is a complex process. Cooperation and communication among federal, state, and local stakeholders is required while balancing biophysical and socioeconomic concerns. The public is taking part in environmental decisions, and the need for technology transfer from public agencies to stakeholders is increasing. Information technology has had a profound influence on watershed management over the past decade. Advances in data acquisition through remote sensing, data utilization through geographic information systems (GIS), and data sharing through the Internet have provided watershed managers access to more information for management decisions. In the future, applications incorporating hydrologic simulation models, GIS, and decision support systems will be deployed through the Internet. In addition to challenges in making complex modeling technology available to diverse audiences, new information technology issues, such as interoperability, Internet access, and security, are introduced when GIS, simulation models, and decision support systems are integrated in an Internet environment. This paper presents a review of current use of information technology in watershed management decision making and a discussion of issues created when developing Internet based, integrated watershed management decision support systems. A prototype spatial decision support system (SDSS) for rangeland watershed management was developed using web services, which are components that communicate using text based messages, thus eliminating proprietary protocols. This new framework provides an extensible, accessible, and interoperable approach for SDSS. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Miller, RC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, 325 Bio Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rcmiller@u.arizona.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01034.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 819NR UT WOS:000221322300007 ER PT J AU Constantinoiu, CC Lillehoj, HS Matsubayashi, M Tani, H Matsuda, H Sasai, K Baba, E AF Constantinoiu, CC Lillehoj, HS Matsubayashi, M Tani, H Matsuda, H Sasai, K Baba, E TI Characterization of stage-specific and cross-reactive antigens from Eimeria acervulina by chicken monoclonal antibodies SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE apical complex; Eimeria; immunofluorescence; merozoite; monoclonal antibody ID RECOMBINANT COCCIDIAL ANTIGEN; SURFACE-ANTIGENS; APICAL COMPLEX; TYZZER 1929; SPOROZOITES; VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNITY; POULTRY; INFECTIONS AB The characterization of five chicken monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that were developed against apical complex antigens of Eimeria acervulina sporozoites is realized and the mAbs reactivity to merozoites belonging to this species is tested. Using immunofluorescence assay (IFA), one mAb (HE-4) that recognized apical antigens common to sporozoites of E. acervulina and E. brunetti bound antigens localized on the apical tip of merozoites from all stages of development examined. The mAb 8E-1, reactive with antigens found on the apical tip of all chicken Eimeria sporozoites, also showed binding to antigens common to merozoites from all generations. Another mAb, 8C-3, which identified an antigen shared by sporozoites apical tip and sporocysts wall of E. acervulina reacted very weak and inconstantly with the merozoites from all generations whereas the mAbs 5D-11 and 8D-2 that recognized antigens shared by the sporozoites of E. acervulina and E. maxima (mAb 5D-11) and E. acervulina and E. brunetti (mAb 8D-2) did not react with the merozoites from any generation. Collectively, these results showed that the invasive stages of chicken Eimeria share cross reactive apical complex antigens which are inter-species and inter-generation-specific that might be components of a potential recombinant vaccine. C1 Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Vet Internal Med, Div Vet Sci, Grad Sch Agr & Biol Sci, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Osaka Joshi Gakuen Junior Coll, Dept Food & Nutr, Osaka 5430073, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Lab Immunobiol, Dept Mol & Appl Sci, Grad Sch Biosphere Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398528, Japan. RP Sasai, K (reprint author), Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Vet Internal Med, Div Vet Sci, Grad Sch Agr & Biol Sci, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. RI Constantinoiu, Constantin/I-3978-2013 OI Constantinoiu, Constantin/0000-0001-5836-776X NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN SOC VET SCI PI TOKYO PA UNIV TOKYO, 1-1-1 YAYOI, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 103, JAPAN SN 0916-7250 J9 J VET MED SCI JI J. Vet. Med. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 66 IS 4 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1292/jvms.66.403 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 817EE UT WOS:000221160000009 PM 15133270 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK AF Cheung, AK TI Detection of template strand switching during initiation and termination of DNA replication of porcine circovirus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; ILLEGITIMATE RECOMBINATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PLANT CIRCOVIRUSES; FEATHER DISEASE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; ORIGIN; GEMINIVIRUS; PROTEIN AB Nucleotide substitution mutagenesis was conducted to investigate the importance of the inverted repeats (palindrome) at the origin of DNA replication (Ori) of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1). Viral genomes with engineered mutations on either arm or both arms of the palindrome were not impaired in protein synthesis and yielded infectious progeny viruses with restored or new palindromes. Thus, a flanking palindrome at the Ori was not essential for initiation of DNA replication, but one was generated inevitably at termination. Among the 26 viruses recovered, 16 showed evidence of template strand switching, from minus-strand genome DNA to palindromic strand DNA, during biosynthesis of the Ori. Here I propose a novel rolling-circle "melting-pot" model for PCV1 DNA replication. In this model, the replicator Rep protein complex binds, destabilizes, and nicks the Ori sequence to initiate leading-strand DNA synthesis. All four strands of the destabilized inverted repeats exist in a "melted" configuration, and the minus-strand viral genome and a palindromic strand are available as templates, simultaneously, during initiation or termination of DNA replication. Inherent in this model is a "gene correction" or "terminal repeat correction" mechanism that can restore mutilated inverted-repeat sequences to a palindrome at the Ori of circular DNAs or at the termini of circularized linear DNAs. Potentially, the melted state of the inverted repeats increases the rate of noncomplementary or illegitimate nucleotide incorporation into the palindrome. Thus, this melting-pot model provides insight into the mechanisms of DNA replication, gene correction, and illegitimate recombination at the Ori of PCV1, and it may be applicable to the replication of other circular DNA molecules. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM acheung@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 78 IS 8 BP 4268 EP 4277 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.8.4268-4277.2004 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 809MU UT WOS:000220641600046 PM 15047840 ER PT J AU Blackwell, BF Seamans, TW White, RJ Patton, ZJ Bush, RM Cepek, JD AF Blackwell, BF Seamans, TW White, RJ Patton, ZJ Bush, RM Cepek, JD TI Exposure time of oral rabies vaccine baits relative to baiting density and raccoon population density SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bait density; forward-looking infrared camera; oral vaccination; population density; rabies; raccoon ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; WILDLIFE; INTERVENTION; RECOMBINANT; ONTARIO; COYOTES; VIRUS AB Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) baiting programs for control of raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies in the USA have been conducted or are in progress in eight states east of the Mississippi River. However, data specific to the relationship between raccoon population density and the minimum density of baits necessary to significantly elevate rabies immunity are few. We used the 22-km(2) US National Aeronautics and Space Administration Plum Brook Station (PBS) in Erie County, Ohio, USA, to evaluate the period of exposure for placebo vaccine baits placed at a density of 75 baits/km(2) relative to raccoon population density. Our objectives were to 1) estimate raccoon population density within the fragmented forest, old-field, and industrial landscape at PBS; and 2) quantify the time that placebo, Merial RABORAL V-RG(R) vaccine baits were available to raccoons. From August through November 2002 we surveyed raccoon use of PBS along 19.3 km of paved-road transects by using a forward-looking infrared camera mounted inside a vehicle. We used Distance 3.5 software to calculate a probability of detection function by which we estimated raccoon population density from transect data. Estimated population density on PBS decreased from August (33.4 raccoons/km(2)) through November (13.6 raccoons/km(2)), yielding a monthly mean of 24.5 raccoons/km(2). We also quantified exposure time for ORV baits placed by hand on five 1-km(2) grids on PBS from September through October. An average 82.7% (SD=4.6) of baits were removed within 1 wk of placement. Given raccoon population density, estimates of bait removal and sachet condition, and assuming 22.9% nontarget take, the baiting density of 75/km(2) yielded an average of 3.3 baits consumed per raccoon and the sachet perforated. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA,Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM bradley.f.blackwell@aphis.usda.gov NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 222 EP 229 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 836JY UT WOS:000222553000007 PM 15362821 ER PT J AU Measures, LN Dubey, JR Labelle, P Martineau, D AF Measures, LN Dubey, JR Labelle, P Martineau, D TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Canadian pinnipeds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Canada; pinnipeds; seals; seroprevalence survey; Toxoplasma gondii ID WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; DUGONG DUGONG DUGON; ST-LAWRENCE ESTUARY; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; DRINKING-WATER; MARINE MAMMALS; CYSTOPHORA-CRISTATA; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS AB Sera (n=328) collected from phocids (1995-97) from the east coast of Canada, including harp seals (Phoca groenlandica), hooded seals (Cystophora cristata), grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), were diluted 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500 and tested by a modified agglutination test for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Titers equal to or greater than 1:25 were considered evidence of exposure. Grey seal (11/122, 9%), harbor seal (3/34, 9%), and hooded seal (1/60, 2%) had titers of 1:25 and 1:50. Harp seals (n=1.12) were seronegative. Probable maternal antibody transfer was observed in one harbor and one grey seal pup at 10 and 14 day of age, respectively. Transmission of T gondii in the marine environment is not understood. The discovery of T gondii in marine mammals might indicate natural infections unknown because of lack of study or might indicate recent contamination of the marine environment from the terrestrial environment by natural or anthropogenic activities. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Ctr Quebecois Sante Animaux Sauvage, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Measures, LN (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, 850 Route Mer, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. EM measuresL@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 56 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 294 EP 300 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 836JY UT WOS:000222553000016 PM 15362830 ER PT J AU Dunn, JR Keen, JE Moreland, D Thompson, RA AF Dunn, JR Keen, JE Moreland, D Thompson, RA TI Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in white-tailed deer from Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; fecal shedding; foodborne disease; Odocoileus virginianus; prevalence; seasonal; white-tailed deer ID MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAYS; SHIGA TOXIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CATTLE; STRAINS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; DISEASES; MEAT AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC O157) is an important zoonosis. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been implicated in transmission of this bacterium to humans and have been suggested as reservoirs that might affect carriage in cattle populations. Our study objectives were to estimate prevalence of EC O157 in feces of hunter-harvested deer and to describe fecal shedding patterns in a captive herd sampled over 1 yr. Prevalence of EC O157 in hunter-harvested deer was 0.3% (n=338). In August 2001, EC O157 was detected in one of 55 deer (1.8%) from the captive herd. Prevalence over the 1-yr period was 0.4% (n=226). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was rarely isolated from hunter-harvested deer during the winter. We could not describe a seasonal shedding pattern based on one positive sample in the captive herd. These data do not support a prominent role of deer as a reservoir for EC O157 for cattle or humans. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Dunn, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Jdunn1@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 361 EP 365 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 836JY UT WOS:000222553000029 PM 15362843 ER PT J AU He, XH Turner, C Chen, GQ Lin, JT McKeon, TA AF He, XH Turner, C Chen, GQ Lin, JT McKeon, TA TI Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding diacylglycerol acyltransferase from castor bean SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHESIS; BRASSICA-NAPUS; BIOSYNTHESIS; SEEDS; MICROSOMES; OIL; ACYLGLYCEROLS; RICINOLEATE AB The oil from castor seed (Ricinus communis) contains 90% ricinoleate, a hydroxy FA that is used in producing numerous industrial products. Castor diacylglycerol acyltransferase (RcDGAT) is a critical enzyme, as it catalyzes the terminal step in castor oil biosynthesis in which the products contain two or three ricinoleoyl moieties. We have isolated a cDNA encoding RcDGAT from developing castor seeds. Analysis of the sequence reveals that this cDNA encodes a protein of 521 amino acids with a molecular mass of 59.9 kDa. Although there are regions of high similarity to other plant DGAT coding sequences, there are sequences that distinguish it as well. Southern blot analysis suggests that the castor genome contains a single copy of RcDGAT. Analysis by reverse transcription-PCR reveals that the accumulation of the mRNA reaches its highest level at 19 d after pollination and declines thereafter. Expression of the full-length cDNA for RcDGAT in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain 1NVSc1 results in sevenfold higher DGAT activity compared with controls. When different molecular species of DAG were provided as substrates to the microsomal mixture, the RcDGAT showed a greater preference to catalyze the transfer of oleate from [C-14] oleoyl-CoA to diricinolein than to diolein and dipalmitolein. With the addition of 0.25 mM substrates, diricinolein gave 318 pmol/mg/min diricinoleoyloleoylglycerol (RRO), while diolein and dipalmitolein gave only about 195 pmol/mg/min of triolein (OOO) and 120 pmol/mg/min dipalmitoyleoylglycerol (PoPoO), respectively. This work will facilitate investigation of the role of RcDGAT in castor oil biosynthesis. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McKeon, TA (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tmckeon@pw.usda.gov RI Turner, Charlotta/I-6045-2013 OI Turner, Charlotta/0000-0001-9466-1149 NR 38 TC 61 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1007/s11745-004-1234-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 842OB UT WOS:000223012600002 PM 15357018 ER PT J AU Tilly-Kiesi, M Schaefer, EJ Knudsen, P Welty, FK Dolnikowski, GG Taskinen, MR Lichtenstein, AH AF Tilly-Kiesi, M Schaefer, EJ Knudsen, P Welty, FK Dolnikowski, GG Taskinen, MR Lichtenstein, AH TI Lipoprotein metabolism in subjects with hepatic lipase deficiency SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; FRACTIONAL CATABOLIC RATE; TANGIER DISEASE; POSTHEPARIN PLASMA; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; APOA-I; LPA-I; TRIGLYCERIDE; GENE AB A heritable deficiency of hepatic lipase (HL) provides insights into the physiologic function of HL in vivo. The metabolism of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100 in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and of apoA-I and apoA-II in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles lipoprotein (Lp)(AI) and Lp(AI:AII) was assessed in 2 heterozygous males for compound mutations L334F/T383M or L334F/R186H, with 18% and 22% of HL activity, respectively, compared with 6 control males. Subjects were provided with a standard Western diet for a minimum of 3 weeks. At the end of the diet period, apo kinetics was assessed using a primed-constant infusion of [5,5,5-H-2(3)] leucine. Mean plasma triglyceride (TG) and HDL cholesterol levels were 55% and 12% higher and LDL cholesterol levels 19% lower in the HL patients than control subjects. A higher proportion of apoB-100 was in the VLDL than IDL and LDL fractions of HL patients than control subjects due to a lower VLDL apoB-100 fractional catabolic rate (FCR) (4.63 v 9.38 pools/d, respectively) and higher hepatic production rate (PR) (33.24 v 10.87 mg/kg/d). Delayed FCR of IDL (2.78 and 6.31 pools/d) and LDL (0.128 and 0.205 pools/d) and lower PR of IDL (3.67 and 6.68 mg/kd/d) and LDL 4.57 and 13.07 mg/kg/d) was observed in HL patients relative to control subjects, respectively. ApoA-I FCR (0.09 and 0.13 pools/d) and PR (4.01 and 6.50 mg/kg/d) were slower in Lp(AI:All) particles of HL patients relative to control subjects, respectively, accounting for the somewhat higher HDL cholesterol levels. HL deficiency may result in a lipoprotein pattern associated with low heart disease risk. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved C1 Tufts Univ, Liped Metab Spectrometry & Cardiovasc Nutr Labs, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, HNRC, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-3926] NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD APR PY 2004 VL 53 IS 4 BP 520 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.10.020 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 808PR UT WOS:000220581500020 PM 15045702 ER PT J AU Trott, DJ Alt, DP Zuerner, RL Bulach, DM Wannemuehler, MJ Stasko, A Townsend, KM Stanton, TB AF Trott, DJ Alt, DP Zuerner, RL Bulach, DM Wannemuehler, MJ Stasko, A Townsend, KM Stanton, TB TI Identification and cloning of the gene encoding BmpC: an outer-membrane lipoprotein associated with Brachyspira pilosicoli membrane vesicles SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID SERPULINA-HYODYSENTERIAE B204; PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEINS; DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; INTESTINAL SPIROCHETOSIS; TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GELS; EXTRACYTOPLASMIC PROTEINS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY AB The intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli causes colitis in a wide variety of host species. Little is known about the structure or protein constituents of the B. pilosicoli outer membrane (OM). To identify surface-exposed proteins in this species, membrane vesicles were isolated from B. pilosicoli strain 95-1000 cells by osmotic lysis in dH(2)O followed by isopycnic centrifugation in sucrose density gradients. The membrane vesicles were separated into a high-density fraction (HDMV; p = 1.18 g CM-3) and a low-density fraction (LDMV; rho=1.12 g cm(-3)). Both fractions were free of flagella and soluble protein contamination. LDMV contained predominantly OM markers (lipo-oligosaccharide and a 29 kDa B. pilosicoli OM protein) and was used as a source of antigens to produce mAbs. Five B. pilosicoli-specific mAbs reacting with proteins with molecular masses of 23, 24, 35, 61 and 79 kDa were characterized. The 23 kDa protein was only partially soluble in Triton X-114, whereas the 24 and 35 kDa proteins were enriched in the detergent phase, implying that they were integral membrane proteins or lipoproteins. All three proteins were localized to the B. pilosicoli OM by immunogold labelling using specific mAbs. The gene encoding the abundant, surface-exposed 23 kDa protein was identified by screening a B. pilosicoli 95-1000 genome library with the mAb and was expressed in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis showed that it encoded a unique lipoprotein, designated BmpC. Recombinant BmpC partitioned predominantly in the OM fraction of E. coli strain SOLR. The mAb to BmpC was used to screen a collection of 13 genetically heterogeneous strains of B. pilosicoli isolated from five different host species. Interestingly, only strain 95-1000 was reactive with the mAb, indicating that either the surface-exposed epitope on BmpC is variable between strains or that the protein is restricted in its distribution within B. pilosicoli. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bacteriol Pathogenesis Res Grp, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacteriol Dis Livestock Res, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Microscopy Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Natl Anim Dis Ctr, PreHarvest Food Safety Res, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, Ames, IA USA. RP Trott, DJ (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. EM d.trott@mailbox.uq.edu.au RI Bulach, Dieter/D-5793-2011 OI Bulach, Dieter/0000-0001-9823-6078 NR 67 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD APR PY 2004 VL 150 BP 1041 EP 1053 DI 10.1099/mic.0.26755-0 PN 4 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 815UK UT WOS:000221067000030 PM 15073313 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Wang, H Hammond, RW Jomantiene, R Liu, Q Lin, S Roe, BA Davis, RE AF Zhao, Y Wang, H Hammond, RW Jomantiene, R Liu, Q Lin, S Roe, BA Davis, RE TI Predicted ATP-binding cassette systems in the phytopathogenic mollicute Spiroplasma kunkelii SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Spiroplasma kunkelii; genome sequence; ATP-binding proteins; ABC-type transporter ID ABC TRANSPORT-SYSTEMS; CORN STUNT DISEASE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; PHYTOPLASMA GENOME; GENE; PROTEINS AB Spiroplasma kunkelii is a cell wall-free, helical, and motile mycoplasma-like organism that causes corn stunt disease in maize. The bacterium has a compact genome with a gene set approaching the minimal complement necessary for cellular life and pathogenesis. A set of 21 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) domains was identified during the annotation of a draft S. kunkelii genome sequence. These 21 ABC domains are present in 18 predicted proteins, and are components of 16 functional systems, which account for 5% of the protein coding capacity of the S. kunkelii genome. Of the 16 systems, 11 are membrane-bound transporters, and two are cytosolic systems involved in DNA repair and the oxidative stress response; the genes for the remaining three hypothetical systems harbor nonsense and/or frameshift mutations, so their functional status is doubtful. Assembly of the 11 multicomponent transporters, and comparisons with other known systems permitted functional predictions for the S. kunkelii ABC transporter systems. These transporters convey a wide variety of substrates, and are critical for nutrient uptake, multidrug resistance, and perhaps virulence. Our findings provide a framework for functional characterization of the ABC systems in S. kunkelii. C1 ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Bot, Microbial Mol Biol Grp, Phytovirus Lab, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Adv Ctr Genome Technol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Room 118,Bldg 004, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD APR PY 2004 VL 271 IS 3 BP 325 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s00438-004-0983-y PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 812MP UT WOS:000220843900009 PM 15024644 ER PT J AU Wang, QF Frye, JG McClelland, M Harshey, RM AF Wang, QF Frye, JG McClelland, M Harshey, RM TI Gene expression patterns during swarming in Salmonella typhimurium: genes specific to surface growth and putative new motility and pathogenicity genes SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; III SECRETION SYSTEMS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; EFFECTOR PROTEINS; BIOFILM FORMATION; INVASION GENES; HOST-CELLS; VIRULENCE; SDIA AB Swarming is a specialized form of surface motility displayed by several flagellated bacterial genera, which shares features with other surface phenomenon such as biofilm formation and host invasion. Swarmer cells are generally more flagellated and longer than vegetative cells of the same species propagated in liquid media, and move within an encasement of polysaccharide 'slime'. Signals and signalling pathways controlling swarm cell differentiation are largely unknown. In order to test whether there is a genetic programme specific to swarming, we have determined global gene expression profiles of Salmonella typhimurium over an 8 h time course during swarming, and compared the microarray data with a similar time course of growth in liquid media as well as on harder agar where the bacteria do not swarm. Our data show that bacteria growing on the surface of agar have a markedly different physiology from those in broth, as judged by differential regulation of nearly one-third of the functional genome. The large number of genes showing surface-specific upregulation included those for lipopolysaccharide synthesis, iron metabolism and type III secretion. Although swarming-specific induction of flagellar gene expression was not generally apparent, genes for iron metabolism were strongly induced specifically on swarm agar. Surface-dependent regulation of many virulence genes suggests that growth on an agar surface could serve as a model for gene expression during the initial stages of host infection. Based on cluster analysis of distinctive expression patterns, we report here the identification of putative new genes involved in motility and virulence. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Mol Genet & Microbiol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, SAA, USDA,Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Sidney Kimmel Canc Ctr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Harshey, RM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Mol Genet & Microbiol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM rasika@uts.cc.utexas.edu RI McClelland, Michael/A-8583-2011; Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013; OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395; McClelland, Michael/0000-0003-1788-9347 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI34829]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM57400] NR 56 TC 149 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 169 EP 187 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.03977.x PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 806HZ UT WOS:000220426300014 PM 15049819 ER PT J AU Branch, C Hwang, CF Navarre, DA Williamson, VM AF Branch, C Hwang, CF Navarre, DA Williamson, VM TI Salicylic acid is part of the Mi-1-mediated defense response to root-knot nematode in tomato SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE GENE MI; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PLANT DEFENSE; CELL-DEATH; BENZOTHIADIAZOLE; IDENTIFICATION; MELOIDOGYNE; INFECTION; APHID AB The Mi-1 gene of tomato confers resistance against three species of root-knot nematode in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Transformation of tomato carrying Mi-1 with a construct expressing NahG, which encodes salicylate hydroxylase, a bacterial enzyme that degrades salicyllic acid (SA) to catechol, results in partial loss of resistance to root-knot nematodes. Exogenous SA was toxic to roots expressing NahG but not to control roots. This toxicity is most likely due to the production of catechol from SA, and we report here that 100 muM catechol is toxic to tomato roots. Benzothiadiazole, a SA analog, completely restores nematode resistance in Mi-1 roots transformed with NahG but does not confer resistance to susceptible tomato roots. The localized cell death produced by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana of Mi-DS4, a constitutively lethal chimera of Mi-1 with one of its homologs, was prevented by coexpression of NahG. These results indicate that SA is an important component of the signaling that leads to nematode resistance and the associated hypersensitive response. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Williamson, VM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM vmwilliamson@ucdavis.edu NR 27 TC 72 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD APR PY 2004 VL 17 IS 4 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.4.351 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 804YC UT WOS:000220333000002 PM 15077667 ER PT J AU Waly, M Olteanu, H Banerjee, R Choi, SW Mason, JB Parker, BS Sukumar, S Shim, S Sharma, A Benzecry, JM Power-Charnitsky, VA Deth, RC AF Waly, M Olteanu, H Banerjee, R Choi, SW Mason, JB Parker, BS Sukumar, S Shim, S Sharma, A Benzecry, JM Power-Charnitsky, VA Deth, RC TI Activation of methionine synthase by insulin-like growth factor-1 and dopamine: a target for neurodevelopmental toxins and thimerosal SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; P13-kinase; D4 dopamine receptor; DNA methylation; phospholipid methylation; lead; mercury ID DNA METHYLATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION; PHOSPHOLIPID METHYLATION; S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; COMBINED DEGENERATION; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; PURINE METABOLISM; AUTISTIC DISORDER; INDUCED APOPTOSIS AB Methylation events play a critical role in the ability of growth factors to promote normal development. Neurodevelopmental toxins, such as ethanol and heavy metals, interrupt growth factor signaling, raising the possibility that they might exert adverse effects on methylation. We found that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)- and dopamine-stimulated methionine synthase (MS) activity and folate-dependent methylation of phospholipids in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, via a P13-kinase- and MAP-kinase-dependent mechanism. The stimulation of this pathway increased DNA methylation, while its inhibition increased methylation-sensitive gene expression. Ethanol potently interfered with IGF-1 activation of MS and blocked its effect on DNA methylation, whereas it did not inhibit the effects of dopamine. Metal ions potently affected IGF-1 and dopamine-stimulated MS activity, as well as folate-dependent phospholipid methylation: Cu2+ promoted enzyme activity and methylation, while Cu+, Pb2+, Hg2+ and Al3+ were inhibitory. The ethylmercury-containing preservative thimerosal inhibited both IGF-1- and dopamine-stimulated methylation with an IC50 of 1 nM and eliminated MS activity. Our findings outline a novel growth factor signaling pathway that regulates MS activity and thereby modulates methylation reactions, including DNA methylation. The potent inhibition of this pathway by ethanol, lead, mercury, aluminum and thimerosal suggests that it may be an important target of neurodevelopmental toxins. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Johns Hopkins, Sidney Kimmel Comprehens Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. RP Deth, RC (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 312 Mugar Hall,360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM r.deth@neu.edu OI Parker, Belinda/0000-0002-8333-1926 NR 71 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1359-4184 J9 MOL PSYCHIATR JI Mol. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP 358 EP 370 DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001476 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 806QQ UT WOS:000220448800002 PM 14745455 ER PT J AU Nojima, H Nagaoka, K Christenson, RK Shiota, K Imakawa, K AF Nojima, H Nagaoka, K Christenson, RK Shiota, K Imakawa, K TI Increase in DNA methylation downregulates conceptus interferon-tau gene expression SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE methylation; interferon-tau; transcription; early pregnancy ID OVINE TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1; PREGNANCY RECOGNITION HORMONE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; CYTOSINE-5 METHYLTRANSFERASES; CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; CPG METHYLATION; N-COR; BINDING; CELLS AB Expression of ovine interferon-tau (oIFNtau) genes, essential for the maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminant ungulates, is restricted to the trophoblast and is not detected in any other cell types or tissues. Substantial secretion of oIFNtau starts on day 12-13 of pregnancy (day 0 = day of estrus), reaches the highest on day 16-17, and then declines rapidly. Ovine IFNtau mRNA, on the other hand, reaches the highest level on day 14 of pregnancy, 2-3 days before peak production of the protein. In this study, day 14 and 17 conceptuses treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methylation, were cultured in vitro and only day 17, not day 14, conceptuses resulted in upregulation of oIFNtau gene expression. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism of oIFNtau gene downregulation, the methylation status within 1 kb of the 5'-flanking region of oIFNtau-o10 gene was investigated: CpG dinucleotides of this gene in day 14 ovine conceptuses were hypomethylated compared to day 20 conceptuses or other tissues. In vitro methylation of oIFNtau-o10-reporter constructs caused suppression of reporter activity in transient transfections. Cotransfection of methyl-CpG-binding protein (MeCP2) with the reporter construct elicited further suppression of the reporter activity. In electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), patterns of shifted bands did not show much difference between methylated and unmethylated probes in distal regions, but exhibited differences in the proximal region of upstream sequences of the oIFNtau gene, These results provide evidence that changes in the degree of DNA methylation could be one of the major mechanisms leading to downregulation of the oIFNtau-o10 gene during early gestation, and possibly its silencing in nonconceptus tissues. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr, Lab Anim Breeding, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. USDA ARS, Reprod Res Unit, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr, Lab Cellular Biochem, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Imakawa, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr, Lab Anim Breeding, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM akaz@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Nagaoka, Kentaro/C-2019-2013 OI Nagaoka, Kentaro/0000-0003-1038-1380 NR 50 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD APR PY 2004 VL 67 IS 4 BP 396 EP 405 DI 10.1002/mrd.20002 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 800BQ UT WOS:000220004300003 PM 14991730 ER PT J AU Peterson, SW AF Peterson, SW TI Multilocus DNA sequence analysis shows that Penicillium biourgeianum is a distinct species closely related to P-brevicompactum and P-olsonii SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AB Penicillium brevicompactum and other isolates with the compact, complex conidiogenous apparatus typical of the species were sequenced in one ribosomal and two protein coding regions. The aligned DNA sequences were analyzed by maximum parsimony and the data from different loci were tested for compatibility using the partition homogeneity test. Analysis of each of the three loci revealed three clades corresponding to P. brevicompactum, P. olsonii and P. biourgeianum. Using the phylogenetic species concept and the genetic isolation of the clades, P. hagemi, P. patrismei, P. stoloniferum, and P. griseobrunneum are all synonyms of P. brevicompactum. P. volgaense is a synonym of Penicillium olsonii, while P. biourgeianum is a distinct species closely related to P. brevicompactum and P. olsonii. Phenotypic distinctions between the species are mostly based on colony characteristics such as colour. P. bialowiezenze, often treated as a synonym of P. brevicompactum, is most closely related to P. polonicum. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM peterssw@ncaur.usda.gov NR 19 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 108 BP 434 EP 440 DI 10.1017/S0953756204009761 PN 4 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 824XV UT WOS:000221721400008 PM 15209283 ER PT J AU Mellon, JE Cotty, PJ AF Mellon, JE Cotty, PJ TI Expression of pectinase activity among Aspergillus flavus isolates from southwestern and southeastern United States SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; pectinase; pectinmethylesterase; polygalacturonase ID COTTON BOLLS; SECTION FLAVI; POLYGALACTURONASE; SPREAD; FUNGI; SEED AB Aspergillus flavus is a widely distributed filamentous fungus that contaminates crops with the potent carcinogen aflatoxin. This species can be divided into S and L strains on the basis of sclerotial morphology. During crop infection, A. flavus can secrete a large array of hydrolytic enzymes. These include pectinase, which aids fungal spread through plant tissues. A survey of pectinase expression by soil isolates derived from different regions of the United States revealed geographic polymorphisms. Strain L isolates from Arizona produced moderate to high levels of a specific pectinase P2c, while S strain isolates produced variable amounts of P2c. In contrast, L strain isolates from southeastern U.S. yielded variable P2c production, while S strain isolates consistently expressed high P2c levels. These results were corroborated by pectinase surveys of additional collections of A. flavus from soil and cottonseed. Expression patterns for P2c and pectinmethylesterase were evaluated for a select number of isolates using an isoelectric focusing technique. Clear zone reactions from the pectinase plate assay corresponded to the presence of P2c, while red ring reactions corresponded to the lack of P2c. Commercial cottonseed infected by S strain isolates frequently contained aflatoxin, even when infected by S strain isolates that did not produce pectinase P2c. Thus, although P2c-lacking isolates have reduced invasiveness, these isolates still have sufficient pathogenicity to cause aflatoxin contamination. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Mellon, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM jmellon@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD APR PY 2004 VL 157 IS 3 BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1023/B:MYCO.0000024181.36900.15 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 823NL UT WOS:000221619800013 PM 15180162 ER PT J AU Henkel, TW Roberts, P Aime, MC AF Henkel, TW Roberts, P Aime, MC TI Sebacinoid species from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE neotropics; biodiversity; fungi; Guiana Shield ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL AB Two sebacinoid basidiomycetes, possibly ectomycorrhizal with Dicymbe corymbosa (Caesalpiniaceae), are reported from the Pakaraima Mountains of western Guyana. One is a Tremellodendron species, for which the new combination T. ocreatum is proposed. The other is a Sebacina species indistinguishable from the cosmopolitan S. incrustans. C1 Royal Bot Gardens, Mycol Sect, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Henkel, TW (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM twh5@humboldt.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 89 IS 2 BP 433 EP 439 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 835NL UT WOS:000222490400022 ER PT J AU Gildar, CN Fule, PZ Covington, WW AF Gildar, CN Fule, PZ Covington, WW TI Plant community variability in ponderosa pine forest has implications for reference conditions SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Grand Canyon; Arizona; fire ecology; Kaibab Plateau; ecological restoration ID CANYON NATIONAL-PARK; GRAND-CANYON; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; FIRE REGIME; ARIZONA; VEGETATION; PSEUDOREPLICATION; DIVERSITY; USA AB Ponderosa pine plant community and forest structure were compared among three stands in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: one stand had 120 years of artificial fire exclusion (NOBURN) and the other two nearby stands had been frequently burned (BURN-E and BURN-W). These forests are valuable places to gauge anthropogenic changes associated with European settlement, due to their land history of limited livestock grazing and no logging. Precipitation varied greatly between sampling years (260 mm in 2000, 505 mm in 2001). Tree density was significantly higher at NOBURN (1424 trees ha(-1)) with significantly higher rotten coarse woody debris (23.2 Mg ha(-1)) and duff depth (4.3 cm) than at the burned sites, as expected in the absence of fire. Although species richness was not significantly different among sites (48-89 species), richness differed significantly by year. Shannon's index of diversity increased by approximately 10% from the dry year to the wet year on all sites. Community composition and plant cover at NOBURN differed significantly from the two burned sites in both years in non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations. Increasing duff depth was related to decreased plant cover. Two of the three dominant species were different at the fire-excluded site compared to the burned sites. We conclude that although plant community structure was related to fire history, environmental stress and within-stand variability were also important drivers. We suggest selecting reference sites in close proximity to the site to be restored and using a multi-scale, multi-year, multi-site approach to measure reference conditions in ponderosa pine. C1 No Arizona Univ, Inst Ecol Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USDA, Dakota Prairie Grasslands, Mckenzie Ranger Dist, Watford City, ND 58854 USA. RP Fule, PZ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Inst Ecol Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM pete.fule@nau.edu NR 59 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 101 EP 111 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 810SS UT WOS:000220724600004 ER PT J AU Katzav-Gozansky, T Boulay, R Vander Meer, R Hefetz, A AF Katzav-Gozansky, T Boulay, R Vander Meer, R Hefetz, A TI In-nest environment modulates nestmate recognition in the ant Camponotus fellah SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article ID CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; CATAGLYPHIS-NIGER; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; BEHAVIOR; BEE AB Multiple behavioral and chemical studies indicate that ant nestmate recognition cues are low-volatile substances, in particular hydrocarbons (HCs) located on the cuticular surface. We tested the hypothesis that in the ant Camponotus fellah, nest environment, in particular nest volatile odors, can modulate nestmate-recognition-mediated aggression. Workers were individually confined within their own nest in small cages having either a single mesh (SM = limited physical contact permitted) or a double mesh (DM = exposed to nest volatiles only) screen. Individual workers completely isolated outside their nest (CI) served as control. When reintroduced into a group of 50 nestmates, the CI workers were attacked as alien ants after only 2 weeks of separation, whereas the SM workers were treated as nestmates even after 2 months of separation. Aggression towards DM ants depended on the period of isolation. Only DM workers isolated for over 2 months were aggressed by their nestmates, which did not significantly differ from the CI nestmates. Cuticular HC analyses revealed that the profile of the non-isolated ants (NI) was clearly distinct from that of CI, SM and DM ants. Profile differences matched the aggressive response in the case of CI ants but were uncorrelated in the case of SM or DM ants. This suggests that keeping the ants within the nest environment affected nestmate recognition in additional ways than merely altering their HC profile. Nest environment thus appears to affect label-template mismatch by modulating aggressive behavior, as well as the direction at which cuticular HCs diverged during the separation period. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. CSIC, Estac Biol Donana, Seville 41013, Spain. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Katzav-Gozansky, T (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM katzavt@post.tau.ac.il RI Boulay, Raphael/I-3735-2015; Hefetz, Abraham/I-3853-2015; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011 OI Boulay, Raphael/0000-0002-0138-0856; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD APR PY 2004 VL 91 IS 4 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s00114-004-0513-0 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 812MO UT WOS:000220843800006 PM 15085277 ER PT J AU Mawe, GM Collins, SM Shea-Donohue, T AF Mawe, GM Collins, SM Shea-Donohue, T TI Changes in enteric neural circuitry and smooth muscle in the inflamed and infected gut SO NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY LA English DT Article DE cytokines; enteric nervous system; inflammation; neuroplasticity; postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome; serotonin ID EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; EXPERIMENTAL COLITIS; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; MYENTERIC NEURONS; CELL FUNCTION; DISTAL COLON; RATS; IL-4; INFLAMMATION AB Much of the morbidity associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and infection is caused by disordered gastrointestinal motor and secretory functions. Given that intestinal smooth muscle tone and epithelial cell secretion are regulated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), it is quite likely that inflammation-induced changes in the enteric neural circuitry contribute to intestinal dysmotility and diarrhoea. Indeed, discoveries over the past decades have demonstrated that gut inflammation and infections are associated with changes in key elements all along the enteric neural circuitry from the sensory transducers, the enterochromaffin (EC) cells, to the terminals of motor neurones. C1 Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. McMaster Univ, Intestinal Dis Res Program, Hamilton, ON, Canada. ARS, USDA, BHNRC, NRFL Beltsville, Beltsville, MD USA. USUHS Bethesda, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Mawe, GM (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, D403A Given Bldg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM gary.mawe@uvm.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK49316, DK62267]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS26995] NR 35 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1350-1925 J9 NEUROGASTROENT MOTIL JI Neurogastroenterol. Motil. PD APR PY 2004 VL 16 SU 1 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1743-3150.2004.00489.x PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 810PA UT WOS:000220715000025 PM 15066019 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Foran, CM Holmes, BD Schlenk, DK Nanayakkara, NPD Schaneberg, BT AF Schrader, KK Foran, CM Holmes, BD Schlenk, DK Nanayakkara, NPD Schaneberg, BT TI Toxicological evaluation of two anthraquinone-based cyanobactericides to channel catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FISH PONDS; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; TOXICITY AB The use of biocides to control blooms of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) is important for the aquaculture industry because cyanobacteria produce chemicals that cause off-flavors in fish. However, the consequences of exposure to biocides for fish health will determine the effective use of a biocide treatment. Two novel cyanobactericides, anthraquinone-19 and anthraquinone-59, were evaluated for acute toxicity to fingerlings of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Acute toxicity was determined through measurement of 50% mortality following 96 h of aqueous exposure (96-h LC50). In addition, the no-ob served-effect concentration (NOEC) was determined for each compound. Following a 1-week acclimation, groups of catfish fingerlings were exposed at each of six different concentrations ranging from 0.01 mg/L to 20 mg/L for each compound. Two groups of unexposed fingerlings served as the controls. The 96-h LC50 value for anthraquinone-19 was 2.51 +/- 0.51 mg/L (mean +/- SD) and that for anthraquinone-59 was 2.06 +/- 0.31 mg/L. Among catfish exposed to the sublethal doses, no differences were detected in body size (weight and length) and gill and liver weight. The NOEC was determined to be 1 mg/L for both test compounds. Compared with anthraquinone-19, anthraquinone-59 has a greater margin between concentrations that are toxic to channel catfish and concentrations that reduce undesirable cyanobacteria in catfish ponds. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Environm & Community Hlth Res & Environm Toxicol, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kschrader@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2004 VL 66 IS 2 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1577/A03-036.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 817UY UT WOS:000221203600006 ER PT J AU Labay, AA Standage, RW Brandt, TM AF Labay, AA Standage, RW Brandt, TM TI Selected methods for dusky darter captive propagation SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FOUNTAIN DARTER; LARVAE; PERCINA; EGGS AB Past disturbance of eggs or larvae of dusky darters Percina sciera has resulted in almost 100% mortality of the larvae within 9 d of hatch. Photoperiod and water temperature were manipulated to induce dusky darters collected from the wild to spawn in the laboratory. Eggs spawned in gravel spawning trays were transferred while in the trays to specially designed egg incubators. Dusky darter larvae were collected after they emerged from the gravel and swam out of the incubator. Groups of larvae were offered ground TetraMin (less than or equal to0.3 mm), zooplankton (less than or equal to0.3 mm), or a combination of both foods in aquariums that had circulated or noncirculated water. The highest mean survival per treatment was for zooplankton and no circulation (71%); the lowest mean survival was for TetraMin with no circulation (3%). A dusky darter growth curve from egg to first spawn, approximately 1 year, was developed. Dusky darters reared in the laboratory from eggs were successfully spawned. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. PBS&J, Austin, TX 78730 USA. US Forest Serv, Ouachita Natl Forest, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Brandt, TM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM tom_brandt@fws.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2004 VL 66 IS 2 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1577/A03-029.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 817UY UT WOS:000221203600011 ER PT J AU Labay, AA Collins, K Standage, RW Brandt, TM AF Labay, AA Collins, K Standage, RW Brandt, TM TI Gut content of first-feeding wild darters and captive-reared dusky darters SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID LIGHT TRAP; LARVAE AB Five of 18 blackside darter Percina maculata larvae and 3 of 18 leopard darter P. pantherina larvae collected in light traps from the Glover River McCurtain County, Oklahoma, contained ingested items. The maximum diameter of prey ingested was between 0.27 and 0.37 mm and was 70-90% of their gape widths. None of the larvae that contained prey items possessed a visible yolk sac. Forty-three of 48 laboratory-reared larval dusky darters P. sciera offered zooplankton (less than or equal to0.30 wart in diameter; harvested from hatchery ponds) contained ingested items. The dominant prey was Ceriodaphnia spp. adults and neonates. The maximum number of Ceriodaphnia consumed by an individual larva was 20. Calanoid copepods were abundant in the zooplankton offered but were not found in any but the 18-d-old larvae. Rotifers in low densities also were offered, but none were observed in any of the alimentary canals. We conclude that small (less than or equal to0.30-mm), pond-reared cladocerans such as Ceriodaphnio and Bosmina are suitable food for the first-feeding Percina species examined during this study. C1 PBS&J, Austin, TX 78730 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Tulsa, OK 74127 USA. US Forest Serv, Ouachita Natl Forest, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Brandt, TM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM tom_brandt@fws.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2004 VL 66 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1577/A03-030.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 817UY UT WOS:000221203600012 ER PT J AU Small, BC AF Small, BC TI Accounting for water temperature during hydrogen peroxide treatment of channel catfish eggs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALMO-SALAR L; ATLANTIC SALMON; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; EYED EGGS; EFFICACY; FORMALIN; TOXICITY; STAGE; FISH AB The effect of water temperature on the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a disinfectant for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus eggs was examined at 24 degreesC and 28 degreesC. Eggs at each temperature were treated with H2O2 at 0, 100, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/L as a daily 15-min bath. Mean hatching success at 24 degreesC was greatest (P > 0.05) for eggs treated with 250 and 500 mg/L H2O2, hatching success tending to increase with increasing treatment concentration between 100 and 500 mg/L. The opposite effect was observed at 28 degreesC: hatching success was greatest (P < 0.05) for eggs treated with 100 and 250 mg/L H2O2, hatching success tending to decrease with increasing H2O2 concentration between 100 and 500 mg/L. The results of this research, together with previously published results, demonstrate that there is a negative correlation between H2O2 concentration and water temperature with respect to the optimal efficiency of H2O2 as an egg disinfectant and suggest that there is an increased toxicity of H2O2 at higher temperatures. Careful consideration of temperature is necessary when disinfecting channel catfish eggs with H2O2. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bsmall@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2004 VL 66 IS 2 BP 162 EP 164 DI 10.1577/A03-048.1 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 817UY UT WOS:000221203600014 ER PT J AU Nelson, KE Fouts, DE Mongodin, EF Ravel, J DeBoy, RT Kolonay, JF Rasko, DA Angiuoli, SV Gill, SR Paulsen, IT Peterson, J White, O Nelson, WC Nierman, W Beanan, MJ Brinkac, LM Daugherty, SC Dodson, RJ Durkin, AS Madupu, R Haft, DH Selengut, J Van Aken, S Khouri, H Fedorova, N Forberger, H Tran, B Kathariou, S Wonderling, LD Uhlich, GA Bayles, DO Luchansky, JB Fraser, CM AF Nelson, KE Fouts, DE Mongodin, EF Ravel, J DeBoy, RT Kolonay, JF Rasko, DA Angiuoli, SV Gill, SR Paulsen, IT Peterson, J White, O Nelson, WC Nierman, W Beanan, MJ Brinkac, LM Daugherty, SC Dodson, RJ Durkin, AS Madupu, R Haft, DH Selengut, J Van Aken, S Khouri, H Fedorova, N Forberger, H Tran, B Kathariou, S Wonderling, LD Uhlich, GA Bayles, DO Luchansky, JB Fraser, CM TI Whole genome comparisons of serotype 4b and 1/2a strains of the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes reveal new insights into the core genome components of this species SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; SEQUENCE; GENES AB The genomes of three strains of Listeria monocytogenes that have been associated with food-borne illness in the USA were subjected to whole genome comparative analysis. A total of 51, 97 and 69 strain-specific genes were identified in L.monocytogenes strains F2365 (serotype 4b, cheese isolate), F6854 (serotype 1/2a, frankfurter isolate) and H7858 (serotype 4b, meat isolate), respectively. Eighty-three genes were restricted to serotype 1/2a and 51 to serotype 4b strains. These strain- and serotype-specific genes probably contribute to observed differences in pathogenicity, and the ability of the organisms to survive and grow in their respective environmental niches. The serotype 1/2a-specific genes include an operon that encodes the rhamnose biosynthetic pathway that is associated with teichoic acid biosynthesis, as well as operons for five glycosyl transferases and an adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase. A total of 8603 and 105 050 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found on the draft genome sequences of strain H7858 and strain F6854, respectively, when compared with strain F2365. Whole genome comparative analyses revealed that the L.monocytogenes genomes are essentially syntenic, with the majority of genomic differences consisting of phage insertions, transposable elements and SNPs. C1 Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Food Pathogens Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Nelson, KE (reprint author), Inst Genom Res, 9712 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM kenelson@tigr.org RI Ravel, Jacques/D-2530-2009; Paulsen, Ian/K-3832-2012; Angiuoli, Samuel/H-7340-2014; Nelson, William/E-9263-2016; OI Paulsen, Ian/0000-0001-9015-9418; Nelson, William/0000-0002-1873-3929; Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233; Angiuoli, Samuel/0000-0001-9525-4350; Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428; David, Rasko/0000-0002-7337-7154 NR 26 TC 319 Z9 866 U1 3 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 8 BP 2386 EP 2395 DI 10.1093/nar/gkh562 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 820RE UT WOS:000221406200012 PM 15115801 ER PT J AU Finley, JW AF Finley, JW TI Does environmental exposure to manganese pose a health risk to healthy adults? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE manganese; environment; toxicity; violence; industrial pollution ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TRACE-ELEMENTS; YOUNG-WOMEN; WORKERS; ABSORPTION; DISORDERS; BRAIN; LEVEL; NEUROTOXICITY AB Manganese is an essential nutrient that also may be toxic at high concentrations. Subjects chronically exposed to manganese-laden dust in industrial settings develop neuropsychological changes that resemble Parkinson's disease. Manganese has been proposed as an additive to gasoline (as a replacement for the catalytic properties of lead), which has generated increased research interest in the possible deleterious effects of environmental exposure to manganese. Low-level exposure to manganese has been implicated in neurologic changes, decreased learning ability in school-aged children, and increased propensity for violence in adults. However, a thorough review of the literature shows very weak cause-and-effect relationships that do not justify concern about environmental exposure to manganese for most of the North American population. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD APR PY 2004 VL 62 IS 4 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1301/nr.2004.apr.148-153 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 903NY UT WOS:000227434000004 PM 15141430 ER PT J AU Goyarzu, F Malin, DH Lau, FC Taglialatela, G Moon, WD Jennings, R Moy, E Moy, D Lippold, S Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA AF Goyarzu, F Malin, DH Lau, FC Taglialatela, G Moon, WD Jennings, R Moy, E Moy, D Lippold, S Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA TI Blueberry supplemented diet: Effects on object recognition memory and nuclear factor-kappa B levels in aged rats SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; blueberries; memory; NF-kappa B; object recognition; oxidative stress ID NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; BASAL FOREBRAIN; BRAIN; RESTRICTION; SPINACH AB It has been reported that an antioxidant-rich, blueberry-supplemented rat diet may retard brain aging in the rat. The present study determined whether such supplementation could prevent impaired object recognition memory and elevated levels of the oxidative stress-responsive protein, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in aged Fischer-344 rats. Twelve aged rats had been fed a 2% blueberry supplemented diet for 4 months prior to testing. Eleven aged rats and twelve young rats had been fed a control diet. The rats were tested for object recognition memory on the visual paired comparison task. With a 1-h delay between training and testing, aged control diet rats performed no better than chance. Young rats and aged blueberry diet rats performed similarly and significantly better than the aged control diet group. Levels of NF-kappaB in five brain regions of the above subjects were determined by western blotting assays. In four regions, aged control diet rats had significantly higher average NF-kappaB levels than young animals on the control diet. In four regions, aged blueberry diet rats had significantly lower levels of NF-kappaB than aged control diet rats. Normalized NF-kappaB levels (averaged across regions and in several individual regions) correlated negatively and significantly with the object memory scores. C1 Univ Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Malin, DH (reprint author), Univ Houston Clear Lake, Mail Code 237,2700 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM malin@cl.uh.edu NR 62 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1028-415X EI 1476-8305 J9 NUTR NEUROSCI JI Nutr. Neurosci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 7 IS 2 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1080/10284150410001710410 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 836ZB UT WOS:000222594200002 PM 15279493 ER PT J AU Dwire, KA Kauffman, JB Brookshire, ENJ Baham, JE AF Dwire, KA Kauffman, JB Brookshire, ENJ Baham, JE TI Plant biomass and species composition along an environmental gradient in montane riparian meadows SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aboveground biomass; belowground biomass; species richness; water table depth; soil redox potential ID STANDING CROP; HEADWATER STREAMS; REDOX POTENTIALS; VEGETATION; SOIL; CAREX; RICHNESS; WETLAND; NITROGEN; ECOLOGY AB In riparian meadows, narrow zonation of the dominant vegetation frequently occurs along the elevational gradient from the stream edge to the floodplain terrace. We measured plant species composition and above- and belowground biomass in three riparian plant communities-a priori defined as wet, moist, and dry meadow-along short streamside topographic gradients in two montane meadows in northeast Oregon. The objectives were to: (1) compare above- and belowground biomass in the three meadow communities; (2) examine relations among plant species richness, biomass distribution, water table depth, and soil redox potential along the streamside elevational gradients. We installed wells and platinum electrodes along transects (perpendicular to the stream; n=5 per site) through the three plant communities, and monitored water table depth and soil redox potential (10 and 25 cm depth) from July 1997 to August 1999. Mean water table depth and soil redox potential differed significantly along the transects, and characterized a strong environmental gradient. Community differences in plant species composition were reflected in biomass distribution. Highest total biomass (live+dead) occurred in the sedge-dominated wet meadows (4,311+/-289 g/m(2)), intermediate biomass (2,236+/-221 g/m(2)) was seen in the moist meadow communities, dominated by grasses and sedges, and lowest biomass (1,403+/-113 g/m(2)) was observed in the more diverse dry meadows, dominated by grasses and forbs. In the wet and moist communities, belowground biomass (live+dead) comprised 68-81% of the totals. Rhizome-to-root ratios and distinctive vertical profiles of belowground biomass reflected characteristics of the dominant graminoid species within each community. Total biomass was positively correlated with mean water table depth, and negatively correlated with mean redox potential (10 cm and 25 cm depths; P<0.01) and species richness (P<0.05), indicating that the distribution of biomass coincided with the streamside edaphic gradient in these riparian meadows. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dwire, KA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 222 S 22nd St, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM kadwire@fs.fed.us NR 67 TC 51 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2004 VL 139 IS 2 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1498-2 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810SZ UT WOS:000220725300014 PM 14991395 ER PT J AU Harsha, D Connell, C Champagne, C Casey, P Robbins, J Simpson, P Stuff, J Webber, J McCabe-Sellers, B Szeto, K Gossett, J Kramer, T Bodle, M AF Harsha, D Connell, C Champagne, C Casey, P Robbins, J Simpson, P Stuff, J Webber, J McCabe-Sellers, B Szeto, K Gossett, J Kramer, T Bodle, M TI Food security and weight status in lower Mississippi river Delta children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediatr Acad Soc C1 Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA, Little Rock, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 979 BP 173A EP 173A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591101011 ER PT J AU Etcheverry, P Hawthorn, KM Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ AF Etcheverry, P Hawthorn, KM Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ TI Beef protein increases iron and zinc absorption compared to soy protein SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediatr Acad Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 1016 BP 180A EP 180A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591101048 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Weaver, CM McCabe, GP Griffin, IJ Hilmers, DC Hawtorne, KM Martin, BR McCabe, LD Ellis, KJ AF Abrams, SA Weaver, CM McCabe, GP Griffin, IJ Hilmers, DC Hawtorne, KM Martin, BR McCabe, LD Ellis, KJ TI Calcium absorption is related to growth during puberty SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediatr Acad Soc C1 USDA, ARS, CNRC, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 1022 BP 181A EP 181A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591101054 ER PT J AU Larrabee, PB Johnson, KL Lai, CQ Cowan, JM Tantravahi, U Bianchi, DW AF Larrabee, PB Johnson, KL Lai, CQ Cowan, JM Tantravahi, U Bianchi, DW TI Global gene expression analysis in the living human fetus using amniotic fluid: A feasibility study SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Tufts New England Med Ctr, Floating Hosp Children, Div Newborn Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Floating Hosp Children, Div Genet, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA USA. Brown Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Women & Infants Hosp, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 1565 BP 275A EP 275A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591101614 ER PT J AU Walker, DA Epstein, HE Gould, WA Kelley, AM Kade, AN Knudson, JA Krantz, WB Michaelson, G Peterson, RA Ping, CL Raynolds, MK Romanovsky, VE Shur, Y AF Walker, DA Epstein, HE Gould, WA Kelley, AM Kade, AN Knudson, JA Krantz, WB Michaelson, G Peterson, RA Ping, CL Raynolds, MK Romanovsky, VE Shur, Y TI Frost-boil ecosystems: Complex interactions between landforms, soils, vegetation and climate SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Circumpolar-Active-Layer-Monitoring (CALM) CY NOV 10-15, 2002 CL Univ Delaware, Lewes, DE HO Univ Delaware ID KUPARUK RIVER-BASIN; NORTHERN ALASKA; ARCTIC ALASKA; ACTIVE-LAYER; TUNDRA; MODEL; FOOTHILLS; LANDSCAPE; RESPONSES; TRANSECT AB Frost boils in northern Alaska vary from large, 2-3-m diameter, barren non-sorted circles to completely vegetated hummocks. Summer warmth increases southwards from the coast. Average thaw-layer thickness shows the opposite trend. Frost heave shows no trend along the climate gradient but is affected by soil texture. Heave is greatest on frost boils with fine-grained sediments. Biomass increases from 183 g m(-2) at the coast to 813 g m(-2) in the Arctic Foothills. An aggrading permafrost table is evident in most of the frost-boil soil profiles, indicating that, over time, accumulation of plant biomass leads to reduced thaw-layer thickness. A conceptual model suggests how vegetation affects the morphology of patterned ground forms. In the coldest parts of the High Arctic well-developed frost boils do not form and there is little vegetation on frost boils or the inter-boil areas. In the warmest parts of the Low Arctic, vegetation is usually sufficient to stabilize the frost boil soils. Frost boils play an important role in Arctic ecosystems functions, including the flux of trace gases to the atmosphere, flux of water and nutrients to streams, and the recycling of important nutrients to wildlife populations. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Palmer, AK USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Palmer, AK USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Palmer, AK USA. RP Walker, DA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffdaw@uaf.edu RI Krantz, William/H-2291-2014 OI Krantz, William/0000-0002-3839-3968 NR 51 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 34 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1045-6740 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 171 EP 188 DI 10.1002/ppp.487 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 840KR UT WOS:000222858000006 ER PT J AU Thomas, JE Allen, LH McCormack, LA Vu, JC Dickson, DW Ou, LT AF Thomas, JE Allen, LH McCormack, LA Vu, JC Dickson, DW Ou, LT TI Diffusion and emissions of 1,3-dichloropropene in Florida sandy soil in microplots affected by soil moisture, organic matter, and plastic film SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fumigant; 1,3-D; diffusion; emission; soil; microplot ID ENHANCED DEGRADATION; FIELD APPLICATIONS; METHYL-BROMIDE; PEST-CONTROL; VOLATILIZATION; 1,3-D; FUMIGANTS; DRIP AB The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of soil moisture, organic matter amendment and plastic cover (a virtually impermeable film, VIF) on diffusion and emissions of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) in microplots of Florida sandy soil (Arredondo fine sand). Upward diffusion of the two isomers in the Arredondo soil without a plastic cover was greatly influenced by soil-water content and (Z)-1,3-D diffused faster than (E)-1,3-D. In less than 5h after 1,3-D injection to 30cm depth, (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D in air dry soil had diffused to a 10cm depth, whereas diffusion for the two isomers was negligible in near-water-saturated soil, even 101h after injection. The diffusion rate of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D in near-field-capacity soil was between the rates in the two water regimes. Yard waste compost (YWC) amendment greatly reduced diffusion of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D, even in air-dry soil. Although upward diffusion of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D in soil with VIF cover was slightly less than in the corresponding bare soil; the cover promoted retention of vapors of the two isomers in soil pore air in the shallow subsurface. More (Z)-1,3-D vapor was found initially in soil pore air than (E)-1,3-D although the difference declined thereafter. As a result of rapid upward movement in air-dry bare soil, (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D were rapidly volatilized into the atmosphere, but emissions from the near-water-saturated soil were minimal. Virtually impermeable film and YWC amendment retarded emissions. This study indicated that adequate soil water in this sandy soil is needed to prevent rapid emissions, but excess soil water slows diffusion of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D. Thus, management for optimum water in soil is critical for pesticidal efficacy and the environment. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, USDA, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ou, LT (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, POB 110290, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lto@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 60 IS 4 BP 390 EP 398 DI 10.1002/ps.825 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 806PK UT WOS:000220445600008 PM 15119602 ER PT J AU Krizek, DT AF Krizek, DT TI Influence of PAR and UV-A in determining plant sensitivity and photomorphogenic responses to UV-B radiation SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Congress on Photobiology/28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Photobiology CY JUL 01-06, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Photobiol ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; CLIMATIC-CHANGE FACTORS; ZEA-MAYS L; BLUE-LIGHT; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; OZONE DEPLETION; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; DNA-DAMAGE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION AB The role of photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm) (PAR) in modifying plant sensitivity and photomorphogenic responses to ultraviolet-B (280-320 nm) (UV-B) radiation has been examined by a number of investigators, but few studies have been conducted on ultraviolet-A (320-400 nm) (UV-A), UV-B and PAR interactions. High ratios of PAR-UV-B and UV-A-UV-B have been found to be important in ameliorating UV-B damage in both terrestrial and aquatic plants. Growth chamber and greenhouse studies conducted at low PAR, low UV-A and high UV-B often show exaggerated UV-B damage. Spectral balance of PAR, UV-A and UV-B has also been shown to be important in determining plant sensitivity in field studies. In general, one observes a reduction in total biomass and plant height with decreasing PAR and increasing UV-B. The protective effects of high PAR against elevated UV-B may also be indirect, by increasing leaf thickness and the concentration of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds known to be important in UV screening. The quality of PAR is also important, with blue light, together with UV-A radiation, playing a key role in photorepair of DNA lesions. Further studies are needed to determine the interactions of UV-A, UV-B and PAR. C1 USDA, ARS, Inst Nat Resources, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP USDA, Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, ANRI, Bldg 001,Room 140,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM krizekd@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Strid, Ake/E-5309-2012 OI Strid, Ake/0000-0003-3315-8835 NR 143 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-8655 EI 1751-1097 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 79 IS 4 BP 307 EP 315 DI 10.1562/2004-01-27-IR.1 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 814ES UT WOS:000220958600001 PM 15137505 ER PT J AU Law, RD Suttle, JC AF Law, RD Suttle, JC TI Changes in histone H3 and H4 multi-acetylation during natural and forced dormancy break in potato tubers SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID DNA METHYLATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CHROMATIN; GROWTH; NUCLEOSOME; DYNAMICS; ALFALFA; TISSUES; PROTEIN AB The effects of post-harvest storage and dormancy progression on histone acetylation patterns were examined in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) tubers. Storage of field-grown tubers at 3degreesC in the dark resulted in the progressive loss of tuber meristem dormancy, defined as measurable growth after transfer to 20degreesC for 7 days. Dormancy emergence was concomitant with sustained increases in histone H3.1 and H3.2 multi-acetylation, and with transient increases in H4 multi-acetylation that peaked 4-5 months post-harvest. Treatment of dormant tubers with bromoethane (BE) resulted in rapid loss of dormancy over 9 days. Similar to cold-stored field-grown tubers, dormancy break in BE-treated tubers occurred at the same time as transient rises in H4 and H3.1/3.2 multi-acetylation, peaking at days 1 and 4, respectively. BE treatment also resulted in small increases in RNA synthesis at day 6, and a three-fold, sustained activation of DNA synthesis thereafter. A defined sequence of epigenetic events, beginning with previously characterized transient cytosine demethylation, followed by increased H3 and H4 histone acetylation and ultimately, tuber meristem re-activation, may thus exist in potatoes during dormancy exit and resumption of rapid growth. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Suttle, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N,POB 5677,State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM suttlej@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD APR PY 2004 VL 120 IS 4 BP 642 EP 649 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 801ZZ UT WOS:000220135100014 ER PT J AU Navarre, DA Mayo, D AF Navarre, DA Mayo, D TI Differential characteristics of salicylic acid-mediated signaling \in potato SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE defense signaling; disease resistance ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CELL-DEATH; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DEFENSE RESPONSES; JASMONIC ACID; TOBACCO; PLANTS AB Potato (Solanam tuberosum) has key differences in salicylic acid (SA) metabolism and signaling from tobacco and Arabidopsis such as high basal salicylic acid concentrations in all tissues examined, including roots and tubers. Potato has high levels of basal PR-1 expression and this appears to be a consequence of the high SA levels, because the expression is reduced in nahG plants. Despite the high basal SA levels, potato was nevertheless responsive to exogenous SA and as little as 250 muM SA-induced PR-1 when sprayed on plants. However, plants grown in field conditions appeared less responsive to BTH at certain times. In spite of the high total SA concentrations, some potato varieties are able to maintain free SA levels as low as 0.5% of the total SA. Potato is also unusual in that PR-1 is strongly induced in leaf discs in the absence of any additional treatment. Furthermore, potato leaf discs are hypersensitive to BTH, with concentrations as low as 1 muM causing extensive cell death, whereas concentrations as high as 500 muM had no such effect on tobacco. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Navarre, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM rnavarre@prosser.wsu.edu NR 43 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 64 IS 4 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.09.001 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 889JV UT WOS:000226440200003 ER PT J AU Larsen, RC Miklas, PN AF Larsen, RC Miklas, PN TI Generation and molecular mapping of a sequence characterized amplified region marker linked with the Bct gene for resistance to Beet curly top virus in common bean SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE begomovirus; bulked-segregant analysis; polymerase chain reaction-based DNA marker ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; GEMINIVIRUS; SELECTION; PLANTS AB A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker directly linked (0.0 cM) with a resistance gene was identified in a snap bean recombinant inbred population (Moncayo x Primo) consisting of 94 F-5:7 recombinant inbred lines that had uniform segregation for disease reaction to Beet curly top virus (BCTV) across three field locations. Resistance was conditioned by a single dominant allele tentatively designated Bet. Seven hundred and fifty decamer primers were screened to obtain the linked RAPD marker that was then converted to. a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker SAS8.(1550). The SCAR mapped within a cluster of resistance genes on linkage group B7 of the core map. A survey of 103 BCTV-resistant and -susceptible snap and dry bean genotypes was conducted using SAS8.1550. Results showed that the SCAR would be highly useful for marker-assisted selection of Bet in snap and dry bean originating from the Andean gene pool. Marker-assisted selection for Bet will expedite the development of BCTV-resistant cultivars and minimize the need for cumbersome pathogen tests. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM pmiklas@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2004 VL 94 IS 4 BP 320 EP 325 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.4.320 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 809PB UT WOS:000220647500001 PM 18944106 ER PT J AU Fish, WW Davis, AR AF Fish, WW Davis, AR TI The purification, physical/chemical characterization, and cDNA sequence of cantaloupe fruit polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYSACCHARIDE-DEGRADING ENZYMES; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; PLANT CELL WALLS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FUNGAL POLYGALACTURONASES; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; APPLE FRUIT; PGIP; BARTLETT AB Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are believed to aid in plant defense against fungal pathogens by inhibiting polygalacturonases (PGs) secreted by the invading organism. In an effort to better understand this type of plant-pathogen interaction in cucurbits, we have isolated a cantaloupe PGIP (CmPGIP) from 5 to 15 day postanthesis cantaloupe fruit. CmPGIP inhibited crude extracts of PG from two of four fungal pathogens of cantaloupe that were tested. Results from assays for PG activity that utilized rate of substrate viscosity reduction or rate of reducing group formation were consistent with CmPGIP inhibition of endo-PG activity. The M, of CmPGIP by sedimentation equilibrium or MALDI-TOF MS was 38,500. The pI of CmPGIP was approximate to8.2, and its absorptivity at 280 nm was 0.93 ml/mg. The circular dichroism spectrum of native CmPGIP exhibited strong negative ellipticity in the near UV and possessed a far UV spectrum indicative of beta-sheet periodic structure. Amino acid sequences of the N terminus and a cyanogen bromide peptide were used to construct oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction sequencing. The sequenced open reading frame predicts a mature protein of 307 amino acids with up to 68% identity to other PGIP molecules. Northern blot analysis revealed differential expression during fruit development. The isolation and structural information obtained for CmPGIP by this investigation provide a foundation for the development of molecular strategies for pre- and postharvest crop protection. C1 USDA ARS, SCARL, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Fish, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SCARL, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM wfish-usda@lane-ag.org NR 46 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2004 VL 94 IS 4 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.4.337 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 809PB UT WOS:000220647500004 PM 18944109 ER PT J AU Zhuang, FY Chen, JF Staub, JE Qian, CT AF Zhuang, FY Chen, JF Staub, JE Qian, CT TI Assessment of genetic relationships among Cucumis spp. by SSR and RAPD marker analysis SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Cucumis hystrix; Cucumis hytivus; Cucumis sativus; genetic relationship analysis; Jaccard's coefficient; UPGMA ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; SATIVUS L.; MELO L.; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; CUCURBITACEAE; DIVERSITY; ISOZYME; WILD AB The first successful production of a sterile interspecific hybrid obtained from a cross between Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (2n=2x=24) and Cucumis sativus var. sativus L. (2n=2x=14), and its subsequent fertility restoration through chromosome doubling provide an effective means for investigating genetic relationships among Cucumis spp. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to investigate relationships among C. s. var. sativus L., C. s. var. hardwickii (R.) Alef., C. hystrix, C. hytivus Chen & Kirkbride (the amphidiploid species from chromosome doubling of the C. sativus x C. hystrix interspecific hybrid, 2n=38), C. melo (2n=2x=24) and C. metuliferus Meyer and Naudin (2n=2x=24). A total of 109 SSR bands and 398 RAPD primed sites were used to calculate Jaccard's distance coefficients for cluster analysis using a unweighted pair-group method using an arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) algorithm. The genetic relationships identified using SSR and RAPD markers were highly concordant, such that the correlation between SSR and RAPD genetic distance (GD) estimates was r=0.94. SSR and RAPD analysis of 22 accessions allowed for their grouping into two distinct groups designated as CS and CM. While group CS consisted of 11 C. sativus genotypes, and the C. hytivus and C. hystrix accessions, group CM included six C. melo genotypes and C. metuliferus. The GD values between C. hystrix and C. sativus ascribed by SSR and RAPD matrices were 0.59 and 0.57, respectively. These GDs were smaller than those detected between C. hystrix and C. melo (0.87 and 0.70 derived from SSR and RAPD markers, respectively). C1 Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Chen, JF (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM jfchen@njau.edu.cn NR 37 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD APR PY 2004 VL 123 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00889.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 810MG UT WOS:000220707800012 ER PT J AU Rogers, A Allen, DJ Davey, PA Morgan, PB Ainsworth, EA Bernacchi, CJ Cornic, G Dermody, O Dohleman, FG Heaton, EA Mahoney, J Zhu, XG Delucia, EH Ort, DR Long, SP AF Rogers, A Allen, DJ Davey, PA Morgan, PB Ainsworth, EA Bernacchi, CJ Cornic, G Dermody, O Dohleman, FG Heaton, EA Mahoney, J Zhu, XG Delucia, EH Ort, DR Long, SP TI Leaf photosynthesis and carbohydrate dynamics of soybeans grown throughout their life-cycle under Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; atmospheric change; chlorophyll fluorescence; electron transport; elevated carbon dioxide concentration; FACE; global climate change; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance ID TEMPERATURE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; ELEVATED CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NITROGEN NUTRITION; LIMITED PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT-TISSUES; MODEL; FACE; ACCLIMATION; LEAVES AB A lower than theoretically expected increase in leaf photosynthesis with long-term elevation of carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is often attributed to limitations in the capacity of the plant to utilize the additional photosynthate, possibly resulting from restrictions in rooting volume, nitrogen supply or genetic constraints. Field-grown, nitrogen-fixing soybean with indeterminate flowering might therefore be expected to escape these limitations. Soybean was grown from emergence to grain maturity in ambient air (372 mumol mol(-1)[CO2]) and in air enriched with CO2 (552 mumol mol(-1)[CO2]) using Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) technology. The diurnal courses of leaf CO2 uptake (A) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) for upper canopy leaves were followed throughout development from the appearance of the first true leaf to the completion of seed filling. Across the growing season the daily integrals of leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake (A') increased by 24.6% in elevated [CO2] and the average mid-day g(s) decreased by 21.9%. The increase in A' was about half the 44.5% theoretical maximum increase calculated from Rubisco kinetics. There was no evidence that the stimulation of A was affected by time of day, as expected if elevated [CO2] led to a large accumulation of leaf carbohydrates towards the end of the photoperiod. In general, the proportion of assimilated carbon that accumulated in the leaf as non-structural carbohydrate over the photoperiod was small (< 10%) and independent of [CO2] treatment. By contrast to A', daily integrals of PSII electron transport measured by modulated chlorophyll fluorescence were not significantly increased by elevated [CO2]. This indicates that A at elevated [CO2] in these field conditions was predominantly ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RubP) limited rather than Rubisco limited. There was no evidence of any loss of stimulation toward the end of the growing season; the largest stimulation of A' occurred during late seed filling. The stimulation of photosynthesis was, however, transiently lost for a brief period just before seed fill. At this point, daytime accumulation of foliar carbohydrates was maximal, and the hexose:sucrose ratio in plants grown at elevated [CO2] was significantly larger than that in plants grown at current [CO2]. The results show that even for a crop lacking the constraints that have been considered to limit the responses of C-3 plants to rising [CO2] in the long term, the actual increase in A over the growing season is considerably less than the increase predicted from theory. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Paris 11, Lab Ecophysiol Vegetale, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X; Allen, Damian/0000-0002-9338-9531 NR 35 TC 108 Z9 120 U1 9 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 449 EP 458 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01163.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 805HC UT WOS:000220356400007 ER PT J AU Zhu, YJ Agbayani, R Moore, PH AF Zhu, YJ Agbayani, R Moore, PH TI Green fluorescent protein as a visual selection marker for papaya (Carica papaya L.) transformation SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE green fluorescent protein; plant transformation; chemical-based selection; visual selectable marker ID SELECTABLE MARKER; PLANT-CELLS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; PHOSPHOMANNOSE ISOMERASE; RESISTANCE GENE; EXPRESSION; GFP; MUTATIONS; REPORTER; REMOVAL AB Chemical-based selection for plant transformation is associated with a number of real and perceived problems that might be avoided through visual selection. We have used green fluorescent protein (GFP), as a visual selectable marker to produce transformed papaya (Carica papaya) plants following microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic callus. GFP selection reduced the selection time from 3 months on a geneticin (G418) antibiotic-containing medium to 3-4 weeks. Moreover, GFP selection increased the number of transformed papaya plants by five-to eightfold compared to selection in the presence of antibiotics. Overall, the use of GFP for selecting transgenic papaya lines improved our throughput for transformation by 15- to 24-fold while avoiding the drawbacks associated with the use of antibiotic resistance-based selection markers. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. ARS, USDA, PBARC, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Zhu, YJ (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM jzhu@harc-hspa.com NR 42 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD APR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 9 BP 660 EP 667 DI 10.1007/s00299-004-0755-5 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 808HM UT WOS:000220560200006 PM 14749892 ER PT J AU Bonde, MR Berner, DK Nester, SE Peterson, GL Olsen, MW Cunfer, BM Sim, T AF Bonde, MR Berner, DK Nester, SE Peterson, GL Olsen, MW Cunfer, BM Sim, T TI Survival of Tilletia indica teliospores in different soils SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE allee effect; pathogen containment ID KARNAL-BUNT; WHEAT AB To determine the potential for Tilletia indica, cause of Karnal bunt of wheat, to survive and become established in new areas, a teliospore longevity study was initiated in Kansas, Maryland, Georgia, and Arizona. Soil from each location was infested with T indica teliospores and placed in polyester mesh bags. The bags were placed within soil from the same location within polyvinyl chloride pipes. Pipes were buried in the respective plots such that the bags were at 5-, 10-, and 25-cm depths. Each pipe was open at the ends to allow interaction with the outside environment, however fitted with screens preventing possibility of teliospore escape. In the Karrial bunt-quarantine area of Arizona, bags of infested soil also were placed outside the pipes. Teliospore-infested soil from each location was maintained dry in a laboratory. During the first 2 years, viability declined more rapidly in pipes than outside pipes, and more rapidly in fields in Kansas and Maryland than in Georgia or Arizona. After 2 years, viability declined nearly equally. In the laboratory over 3 years, viability decreased significantly more rapidly in dry soil from Kansas or Maryland than in dry soil from Georgia or Arizona, while pure teliospores remained unchanged. We hypothesized that soils, irrespective of weather, affect teliospore longevity. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Pathol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Kansas Dept Agr, Topeka, KS 66619 USA. RP Bonde, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM mbonde@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2004 VL 88 IS 4 BP 316 EP 324 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.4.316 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 806GX UT WOS:000220423500001 ER PT J AU Kull, LS Pedersen, WL Palmquist, D Hartman, GL AF Kull, LS Pedersen, WL Palmquist, D Hartman, GL TI Mycelial compatibility grouping and aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ROT IN-FIELD; STEM ROT; SOYBEAN CULTIVARS; PATHOGEN POPULATIONS; CLONAL LINEAGES; RESISTANCE; PLANT; APOTHECIA; DISPERSAL; ALFALFA AB Population variability of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal organism of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean. was determined by mycelial compatibility grouping (MCG) and isolate aggressiveness comparisons. MCG and aggressiveness of S. sclerotiorum isolates from diverse hosts and geographic locations (Diverse Set, 24 isolates), from a soybean field in Argentina (Argentine Set, 21 isolates), and from soybean fields in DeKalb and Watseka, Illinois (DeKalb Set, 124 isolates, and Watseka Set. 130 isolates) were assessed. Among 299 isolates tested, 42 MCGs were identified, and 61% were represented by single isolates observed at single locations. Within the Diverse Set, 17 MCGs were identified: I MCG consisted of six isolates, and 16 MCGs consisted of one isolate each. Nine MCGs were identified within the Argentine field with two MCGs composed of either five or six isolates. two MCGs composed of two isolates, and the remaining composed of one isolate each. Each Illinois field was a mosaic of MCGs, but MCG frequencies differed between the two fields. Common MCGs were identified among the Diverse, DeKalb, and Watseka Sets, but no MCGs within the Argentine Set were observed with other sets. MCG 8 was the most frequently sampled and widely dispersed MCG and occurred at a frequency of 29, 36, and 62% in the Diverse, DeKalb, and Watseka Sets, respectively. Variation in isolate aggressiveness was assessed using a limited-term, plug inoculation technique. Isolate aggressiveness varied (P = 0.001) within the Diverse, Argentine, DeKalb, and Watseka Sets. Within widely dispersed MCGs. isolate aggressiveness varied (P less than or equal to 0.10); however, within locally observed MCGs detected only in single fields, isolate aggressiveness did not vary. Additionally, individual MCGs within the DeKalb and Watseka Sets differed in isolate aggressiveness. Using six soybean cultivars and six S. sclerotiorum isolates, no cultivar-isolate interaction was detected, but resistant and susceptible cultivars performed similarly when inoculated with either less or highly aggressive isolates. Pathogen population structure and variability in isolate aggressiveness may be important considerations in disease management systems. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, MWA Biometrician, Peoria, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@uiuc.edu NR 41 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2004 VL 88 IS 4 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.4.325 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 806GX UT WOS:000220423500002 ER PT J AU Blodgett, JT Louw, SV AF Blodgett, JT Louw, SV TI Identification of fungi and fungal pathogens associated with Hypolixus haerens and decayed and cankered stems of Amaranthus hybridus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE amaranth; Fusarium equiseti; F. solani; insect vectoring; smooth amaranthus ID CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO; WATER-STRESS; CYTOSPORA CANKER; FUSARIUM; PLANTS; WHEAT; ALFALFA; DISEASE; PINE AB Discoloration, cankers, and decay in branches, stems, and root collars of Amaranthus hybridus were observed in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Examination of symptomatic stems revealed larval galleries of the pigweed weevil (Hypolixus haerens). The objectives of this study were to: identify the most common fungal species associated with this damage, determine if the adult pigweed weevil might be a vector for the fungi, and test if the associated fungi can cause the stem canker disease observed in the field. The most common fungal species isolated were Fusarium subglutinans from discolored tissues adjacent to insect galleries (42%), F subglutinans from weevil larvae (29%), the Alternaria tenuissima group from adult weevils (31%), and the A. tenuissima group from cankered stems (40%). Three of the seven most common fungal species produced cankers following wounding and inoculation, with E sambucinum and E oxysporum being the most aggressive. Although fungal species compositions differed (P < 0.01) among the four tissue/insect stage combinations tested, all four had the same major fungal species, suggesting the pigweed weevil as a vector for the Fusarium pathogens. There is significant potential for yield loss affiliated with this insect-fungal association. The identification of this insect-fungal relationship and the pathogens involved in disease set the stage for further research on the etiology and disease management of this important insect-fungal relationship. C1 Univ Orange Free State, Dept Plant Sci, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. Univ Orange Free State, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. RP Blodgett, JT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1730 Samco Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM jblodgett@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2004 VL 88 IS 4 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.4.333 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 806GX UT WOS:000220423500003 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Halgren, AB Keller, KE Hokanson, SC Maas, JL McCarthy, PL Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, IE Halgren, AB Keller, KE Hokanson, SC Maas, JL McCarthy, PL Martin, RR TI Identification and detection of a virus associated with strawberry pallidosis disease SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID YELLOWS-VIRUS; CLOSTEROVIRUSES AB The etiology of pallidosis, a disease of strawberry identified more than 45 years ago, remains unknown. We report a putative agent of the disease, a virus belonging to the Crinivirus genus of the Closterovirideae family. A sensitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) test has been developed. Polyclonal antibodies that can be used to detect the virus in petiole tissue blots were developed using a recombinant virus coat protein. The nucleotide sequences of regions of the viral genome that encode the heat shock protein 70 homolog and the major coat protein were obtained. Alignments of the major coat protein show that the virus isolated from strawberry plants positive for pallidosis is most closely related to Cucumber yellows virus (syn. Beet pseudo-yellows virus) and Cucurbit yellow stunt disorder virus, members of the Crinivirus genus. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM martinrr@science.oregonstate.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2004 VL 88 IS 4 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.4.383 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 806GX UT WOS:000220423500012 ER PT J AU Koike, ST Shishkoff, N AF Koike, ST Shishkoff, N TI First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe viburni on Viburnum tinus in California. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Koike, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2004 VL 88 IS 4 BP 425 EP 425 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.4.425C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 806GX UT WOS:000220423500024 ER PT J AU Gregory, NF Mulrooney, RP Rossman, AY Castlebury, LA AF Gregory, NF Mulrooney, RP Rossman, AY Castlebury, LA TI Anthracnose caused by Discula fraxinea on the new host chinese fringetree and white ash in Delaware. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gregory, NF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2004 VL 88 IS 4 BP 427 EP 427 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 806GX UT WOS:000220423500029 ER PT J AU Wegener, LA Punja, ZK Martin, RR AF Wegener, LA Punja, ZK Martin, RR TI First report of Blueberry scorch virus in cranberry in Canada and the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wegener, LA (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. NR 2 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2004 VL 88 IS 4 BP 427 EP 427 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.4.427C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 806GX UT WOS:000220423500030 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Bottner, KD Munyaneza, JE Secor, GA Gudmestad, NC AF Lee, IM Bottner, KD Munyaneza, JE Secor, GA Gudmestad, NC TI Clover proliferation group (16SrVI) subgroup A (16SrVI-A) phytoplasma is a probable causal agent of potato purple top disease in Washington and Oregon. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, YARL, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2004 VL 88 IS 4 BP 429 EP 429 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.4.429B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 806GX UT WOS:000220423500035 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Bottner, KD Miklas, PN Pastor-Corrales, MA AF Lee, IM Bottner, KD Miklas, PN Pastor-Corrales, MA TI Clover proliferation group (16SrVI) subgroup A (16SrVI-A) phytoplasma is a probable causal agent of dry bean phyllody disease in Washington. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 2 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2004 VL 88 IS 4 BP 429 EP 429 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.4.429B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 806GX UT WOS:000220423500034 ER PT J AU Lohar, DP Schaff, JE Laskey, JG Kieber, JJ Bilyeu, KD Bird, DM AF Lohar, DP Schaff, JE Laskey, JG Kieber, JJ Bilyeu, KD Bird, DM TI Cytokinins play opposite roles in lateral root formation, and nematode and Rhizobial symbioses SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cytokinins; lateral root; symbiosis; cytokinin oxidase; ARR; Lotus japonicus ID CELL-CYCLE; PARASITIC NEMATODES; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; RESPONSE REGULATORS; KNOT NEMATODES; EARLY NODULIN; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION AB We used the cytokinin-responsive Arabidopsis response regulator (ARR)5 gene promoter fused to a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and cytokinin oxidase (CKX) genes from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCKX3) and maize (ZmCKX1) to investigate the roles of cytokinins in lateral root formation and symbiosis in Lotus japonicus. ARR5 expression was undetectable in the dividing initial cells at early stages of lateral root formation, but later we observed high expression in the base of the lateral root primordium. The root tip continues to express ARR5 during subsequent development of the lateral root. These results suggest a dynamic role for cytokinin in lateral root development. We observed ARR5 expression in curled/deformed root hairs, and also in nodule primordia in response to Rhizobial inoculation. This expression declined once the nodule emerged from the parent root. Root penetration and migration of root-knot nematode (RKN) second-stage larvae (L2) did not elevate ARR5 expression, but a high level of expression was induced when L2 reached the differentiating vascular bundle and during early stages of the nematode-plant interaction. ARR5 expression was specifically absent in mature giant cells (GCs), although dividing cells around the GCs continued to express this reporter. The same pattern was observed using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter driven by the ARR5 promoter in tomato. Overexpression of CKX genes rendered the transgenic hairy roots resistant to exogenous application of the cytokinin [N-6-(Delta(2) isopentenyl) adenine riboside] (iPR). CKX roots have significantly more lateral roots, but fewer nodules and nematode-induced root galls per plant, than control hairy roots. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Biol Nematode Parasitism, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bird, DM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Biol Nematode Parasitism, Campus Box 7253, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM david_bird@ncsu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM064425-04] NR 48 TC 171 Z9 199 U1 2 U2 39 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 38 IS 2 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02038.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 810XQ UT WOS:000220737400001 PM 15078325 ER PT J AU Halterman, DA Wise, RP AF Halterman, DA Wise, RP TI A single-amino acid substitution in the sixth leucine-rich repeat of barley MLA6 and MLA13 alleviates dependence on RAR1 for disease resistance signaling SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE RAR1 signaling; resistance specificity; transposable elements; resistance gene evolution; Blumeria graminis ID POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; F-SP HORDEI; DIVERGENT SELECTION; ESSENTIAL COMPONENT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PLANT DEFENSES; GENES; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEIN; LOCUS AB Interactions between barley and the powdery mildew pathogen, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, (Bgh) are determined by unique combinations of host resistance genes, designated Mildew-resistance locus (Ml), and cognate pathogen avirulence genes. These interactions occur both dependent and independent of Rar1 (required for Mla12 resistance) and Sgt1 (Suppressor of G-two allele of skp1), which are differentially required for diverse plant disease-resistance pathways. We have isolated two new functional Mla alleles, Rar1-independent Mla7 and Rar1-dependent Mla10, as well as the Mla paralogs, Mla6-2 and Mla13-2. Utilizing the inherent diversity amongst Mla-encoded proteins, we identified the only two amino acids exclusively conserved in RAR1-dependent MLA6, MLA10, MLA12, and MLA13 that differ at the corresponding position in RAR1-independent MLA1 and MLA7. Two- and three-dimensional modeling places these residues on a predicted surface of the sixth leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain at positions distinct from those within the beta-sheets hypothesized to determine resistance specificity. Site-directed mutagenesis of these residues indicates that RAR1 independence requires the presence of an aspartate at position 721, as mutation of this residue to a structurally similar, but uncharged, asparagine did not alter RAR1 dependence. These results demonstrate that a single-amino acid substitution in the sixth MLA LRR can alter host signaling but not resistance specificity to B. graminis. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpwise@iastate.edu RI Halterman, Dennis/A-7630-2009 NR 64 TC 62 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 38 IS 2 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02032.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 810XQ UT WOS:000220737400002 PM 15078326 ER PT J AU Gardiner, J Schroeder, S Polacco, ML Sanchez-Villeda, H Fang, ZW Morgante, M Landewe, T Fengler, K Useche, F Hanafey, M Tingey, S Chou, H Wing, R Soderlund, C Coe, EH AF Gardiner, J Schroeder, S Polacco, ML Sanchez-Villeda, H Fang, ZW Morgante, M Landewe, T Fengler, K Useche, F Hanafey, M Tingey, S Chou, H Wing, R Soderlund, C Coe, EH TI Anchoring 9,371 maize expressed sequence tagged unigenes to the bacterial artificial chromosome contig map by two-dimensional overgo hybridization SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL MAP; HUMAN GENOME; GENETIC-MAP; YEAST; LIBRARY; CLONES; CONSTRUCTION; CLONING; MARKERS; DNA AB Our goal is to construct a robust physical map for maize (Zea mays) comprehensively integrated with the genetic map. We have used a two-dimensional 24 X 24 overgo pooling strategy to anchor maize expressed sequence tagged (EST) unigenes to 165,888 bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) on high-density filters. A set of 70,716 public maize ESTs seeded derivation of 10,723 EST unigene assemblies. From these assemblies, 10,642 overgo sequences of 40 bp were applied as hybridization probes. BAC addresses were obtained for 9,371 overgo probes, representing an 88% success rate. More than 96% of the successful overgo probes identified two or more BACs, while 5% identified more than 50 BACs. The majority of BACs identified (79%) were hybridized with one or two overgos. A small number of BACs hybridized with eight or more overgos, suggesting that these BACs must be gene rich. Approximately 5,670 overgos identified BACs assembled within one contig, indicating that these probes are highly locus specific. A total of 1,795 megabases (Mb; 87%) of the total 2,050 Mb in BAC contigs were associated with one or more overgos, which are serving as sequence-tagged sites for single nucleotide polymorphism development. Overgo density ranged from less than one overgo per megabase to greater than 20 overgos per megabase. The majority of contigs (52%) hit by overgos contained three to nine overgos per megabase. Analysis of approximately 1,022 Mb of genetically anchored BAC contigs indicates that 9,003 of the total 13,900 overgo-contig sites are genetically anchored. Our results indicate overgos are a powerful approach for generating gene-specific hybridization probes that are facilitating the assembly of an integrated genetic and physical map for maize. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, Dept Agron, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. DuPont Co Inc, DuPont AGr & Nutr Mol Genet, Newark, DE 19714 USA. Incyte Genom, St Louis, MO 63114 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Computat Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gardiner, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM gardiner@ag.arizona.edu OI Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 NR 32 TC 83 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1317 EP 1326 DI 10.1104/pp.103.034538 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 812SY UT WOS:000220860400008 PM 15020742 ER PT J AU Hardin, SC Winter, H Huber, SC AF Hardin, SC Winter, H Huber, SC TI Phosphorylation of the amino terminus of maize sucrose synthase in relation to membrane association and enzyme activity SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO PHOSPHORYLATION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PROTEIN-KINASES; EXPRESSION; ENDOSPERM; CELLULOSE; PLANTS; GENES; PURIFICATION; LOCALIZATION AB Sucrose synthase (SUS) is phosphorylated on a major, amino-terminal site located at Ser-15 (S15) in the maize (Zea mays) SUS1 protein. Site- and phospho-specific antibodies against a phosphorylated S15 (pS15) peptide allowed direct analysis of S15 phosphorylation in relation to membrane association. Immunoblots of the maize leaf elongation zone, divided into 4-cm segments, demonstrated that the abundance of soluble (s-SUS) and membrane (m-SUS) SUS protein showed distinct positional profiles. The content of m-SUS was maximal in the 4- to 8-cm segment where it represented 9% of total SUS and occurred as a peripheral membrane protein. In contrast, s-SUS was highest in the 12- to 16-cm segment. Relative to s-SUS, m-SUS was hypophosphorylated at S15 in the basal 4 cm but hyperphosphorylated in apical segments. Differing capabilities of the anti-pSI5 and anti-S15 peptide antibodies to immunoprecipitate SUS suggested that phosphorylation of S15, or exposure of unphosphorylated SUS to slightly acidic pH, altered the structure of the amino terminus. These structural changes were generally coincident with the increased sucrose cleavage activity that occurs at pH values below 7.5. In vitro S15 phosphorylation of the S170A SUS protein by a maize calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) significantly increased sucrose cleavage activity at low pH. Collectively, the results suggest that (1) SUS membrane binding is controlled in vivo; (2) relative pS15 content of m-SUS depends on the developmental state of the organ; and (3) phosphorylation of S15 affects amino-terminal conformation in a way that may stimulate the catalytic activity of SUS and influence membrane association. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@life.uiuc.edu NR 39 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1427 EP 1438 DI 10.1104/pp.103.036780 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 812SY UT WOS:000220860400019 PM 15084730 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME Crafts-Brandner, SJ AF Salvucci, ME Crafts-Brandner, SJ TI Relationship between the heat tolerance of photosynthesis and the thermal stability of rubisco activase in plants from contrasting thermal environments SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE RUBISCO; ANTARCTIC VASCULAR PLANTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; INTACT LEAVES; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; LIGHT-ACTIVATION; ELEVATED CO2; SENSITIVITY; STRESS AB Inhibition of net photosynthesis (Pn) by moderate heat stress has been attributed to an inability of Rubisco activase to maintain Rubisco in an active form. To examine this proposal, the temperature response of Pn, Rubisco activation, chlorophyll fluorescence, and the activities of Rubisco and Rubisco activase were examined in species from contrasting environments. The temperature optimum of Rubisco activation was 10degreesC higher in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) compared with the Antarctic hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica), resembling the temperature response of Pn. Pn increased markedly with increasing internal CO2 concentration in Antarctic hairgrass and creosote bush plants subjected to moderate heat stress even under nonphotorespiratory conditions. Nonphotochernical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, the effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion (DeltaF/F-m') and the maximum yield of PSII (F-v/F-m) were more sensitive to temperature in Antarctic hairgrass and two other species endemic to cold regions (i.e. Lysipomia pumila and spinach [Spinacea oleracea]) compared with creosote bush and three species (i.e. jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis], tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum], and cotton [Gossypium hirstitum]) from warm regions. The temperature response of activity and the rate of catalytic inactivation of Rubisco from creosote bush and Antarctic hairgrass were similar, whereas the optimum for ATP hydrolysis and Rubisco activation by recombinant creosote bush, cotton, and tobacco activase was 8degreesC to 10degreesC higher than for Antarctic hairgrass and spinach activase. These results support a role for activase in limiting photosynthesis at high temperature. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM msalvucci@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 211 Z9 225 U1 7 U2 60 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1460 EP 1470 DI 10.1104/pp.103.038323 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 812SY UT WOS:000220860400022 PM 15084731 ER PT J AU Groover, A Fontana, JR Dupper, G Ma, CP Martienssen, R Strauss, S Meilan, R AF Groover, A Fontana, JR Dupper, G Ma, CP Martienssen, R Strauss, S Meilan, R TI Gene and enhancer trap tagging of vascular-expressed genes in poplar trees SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT DEVELOPMENT; ARABIDOPSIS; POPULUS AB We report a gene discovery system for poplar trees based on gene and enhancer traps. Gene and enhancer trap vectors carrying the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene were inserted into the poplar genome via Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation, where they reveal the expression pattern of genes at or near the insertion sites. Because GUS expression phenotypes are dominant and are scored in primary transformants, this system does not require rounds of sexual recombination, a typical barrier to developmental genetic studies in trees. Gene and enhancer trap lines defining genes expressed during primary and secondary vascular development were identified and characterized. Collectively, the vascular gene expression patterns revealed that approximately 40% of genes expressed in leaves were expressed exclusively in the veins, indicating that a large set of genes is required for vascular development and function. Also, significant overlap was found between the sets of genes responsible for development and function of secondary vascular tissues of stems and primary vascular tissues in other organs of the plant, likely reflecting the common evolutionary origin of these tissues. Chromosomal DNA flanking insertion sites was amplified by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR and sequenced and used to identify insertion sites by reference to the nascent Populus trichocarpa genome sequence. Extension of the system was demonstrated through isolation of full-length cDNAs for five genes of interest, including a new class of vascular-expressed gene tagged by enhancer trap line cET-1-pop1-145. Poplar gene and enhancer traps provide a new resource that allows plant biologists to directly reference the poplar genome sequence and identify novel genes of interest in forest biology. C1 Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. RP Groover, A (reprint author), Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM agroover@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1742 EP 1751 DI 10.1104/pp.103.034330 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 812SY UT WOS:000220860400047 PM 15051863 ER PT J AU Dhanaraj, AL Slovin, JP Rowland, LJ AF Dhanaraj, AL Slovin, JP Rowland, LJ TI Analysis of gene expression associated with cold acclimation in blueberry floral buds using expressed sequence tags SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold hardiness; cold tolerance; dehydrin; freezing tolerance; genomics; Vaccinium ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SECTION CYANOCOCCUS; CHLOROPLAST PROTEIN; FREEZING TOLERANCE; SEASONAL-CHANGES; LIGHT STRESS; WOODY-PLANTS; F-BOX AB To gain a better understanding of changes in gene expression associated with cold acclimation in the woody perennial blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), a genomics approach based on the analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was undertaken. Two cDNA libraries were constructed using RNA from cold acclimated and non-acclimated floral buds of the blueberry cultivar Bluecrop and about 600 5'-end ESTs were generated from each of the libraries. About 100 3'-end ESTs were generated from the cold acclimated library as well. Putative functions were assigned to 57% of the cDNAs that yielded high quality sequences based on homology to other genes/ESTs from Genbank, and these were classified into 14 functional categories. From a contig analysis, which clustered sequences derived from the same or very similar genes, 430 and 483 unique transcripts were identified from the cold acclimated and non-acclimated libraries, respectively. Of the total unique transcripts, only 4.3% were shared between the libraries, suggesting marked differences in the genes expressed under the two conditions. The most highly abundant cDNAs that were picked many more times from one library than from the other were identified as representing potentially differentially expressed transcripts. Northern analyses were performed to examine expression of eight selected transcripts and seven of these were confirmed to be preferentially expressed under either cold acclimating or non-acclimating conditions. Only one of the seven transcripts, encoding a dehydrin, had been found previously to be up-regulated during cold acclimation of blueberry. This study demonstrates that analysis of ESTs is an effective strategy to identify candidate cold acclimation-responsive transcripts in blueberry. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Bldg 010A,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rowlandj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 62 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 166 IS 4 BP 863 EP 872 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.11.013 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 802KY UT WOS:000220163600005 ER PT J AU Yuan, MJ Turng, LS Gong, SQ Caulfield, D Hunt, C Spindler, R AF Yuan, MJ Turng, LS Gong, SQ Caulfield, D Hunt, C Spindler, R TI Study of injection molded microcellular polyamide-6 nanocomposites SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYPROPYLENE/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; INTERCALATION; KINETICS; HYBRID AB This study aims to explore the processing benefits and property improvements of combining nanocomposites with microcellular injection molding. The microcellular nanocomposite processing was performed on an injection-molding machine equipped with a commercially available supercritical fluid (SCF) system. The molded samples produced based on the Design of Experiments (DOE) matrices were subjected to tensile testing, impact testing, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses. Molding conditions and nano-clays have been found to have profound effects on the cell structures and mechanical properties of polyamide-6 (PA-6) base resin and nanocomposite samples. The results show that microcellular nanocomposite samples exhibit smaller cell size and uniform cell distribution as well as higher tensile strength compared to the corresponding base PA-6 microcellular samples. Among the molding parameters studied, shot size has the most significant effect on cell size, cell density, and tensile strength. Fractographic study reveals evidence of different modes of failure and different regions of fractured structure depending on the molding conditions. (C) 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Polymer Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Kaysun Corp, Manitowoc, WI 54221 USA. RP Turng, LS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Polymer Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 46 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 673 EP 686 DI 10.1002/pen.20061 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 826AS UT WOS:000221801800006 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Luo, YG Gross, KC AF Kim, JG Luo, YG Gross, KC TI Effect of package film on the quality of fresh-cut salad savoy SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gas composition; mininially processed; modified atmosphere packaging (MAP); oxygen transmission rate; postharvest technology; salad savoy; shelf-life ID VEGETABLES; PRODUCTS; CABBAGE; STORAGE AB Salad savoy (Brassica oleracea L.) is a vegetable crop that is becoming a valued addition to fresh-cut salad mixes. This study was conducted to develop a modified atmosphere packaging system for fresh-cut salad savoy and to evaluate the effect of film oxygen transmission rate (OTR) on package atmospheres, and consequently product quality changes during storage. Two varieties of salad savoy (white and violet) were cut into approximately 5 cm x 5 cm slices and sanitized in 100 mul l(-1) chlorine solution. The products (85 g each) were packaged in sealed 19 cm x 22 cm polyethylene bags prepared with films of selected OTRs at 8.0, 16.6, 21.4, and 29.5 pmol s(-1) m(-2) Pa-1 and stored at 5degreesC for 25 days. Evaluation parameters included package atmospheres, product respiration rate, color, cut-end discoloration (browning), off-odor, decay, and overall quality. Results indicated that the OTR of the package film significantly (P<0.05) affected package atmospheres, product quality, and shelf-life, under the tested package configuration and storage condition. Packages with 16.6 and 21.4 OTR films attained the desired O-2 (1.4-3.8 kPa) and CO2 levels (3.6-6.3 kPa) on day 10 and throughout the storage period; products stored in these packages maintained freshness with high overall quality scores. Packages with 8.0 OTR film exhibited a rapid depletion of O-2 (to &SIM;0 kPa) and accumulation of CO2 (11.0-12.6 kPa), resulting in off-odor, decay and unacceptable quality of the products at the end of storage. Sample, from packages prepared with 29.5 OTR film developed discoloration on the cut-ends due to high O-2 (6.0-7.9 kPa) in the packages. White salad savoy had higher respiration rates and lower quality scores than violet salad savoy. Overall, both white and violet salad savoy maintained good quality and shelf-life throughout the 25-days storage period under the most favorable atmosphere condition. C1 ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Hort Res Inst, Suwon 440706, South Korea. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luoy@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2003.10.006 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 813YH UT WOS:000220941900009 ER PT J AU Caldwell, DJ Danforth, HD Morris, BC Ameiss, KA McElroy, AP AF Caldwell, DJ Danforth, HD Morris, BC Ameiss, KA McElroy, AP TI Participation of the intestinal epithelium and mast cells in local mucosal immune responses in commercial poultry SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ancillary Scientists Symposium on Avian Immune System CY JUL 17, 2003 CL Madison, WI SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE mucosal immunity; intestinal epithelium; mast cell; antibody titer ID EIMERIA-TENELLA; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS; CHICKENS; INFECTION; MAXIMA; ACERVULINA; ANTIGENS; GUT; IMMUNOPHYSIOLOGY AB The intestinal mucosa of commercial poultry is continually subjected to invasion or colonization by a wide array of potentially hostile enteric pathogens. Although, recent investigations have focused on lymphocyte involvement in immune responses in the intestine, lymphocyte-mediated immunity alone will not explain the barrier nature of mucosal membranes associated with rejection of man), enteric pathogens upon secondary homologous challenge. Our laboratories have focused on nontraditional elements of mucosal immunity in poultry to better understand host-pathogen interactions in the intestine. Following classical and novel immunization procedures, we have identified an antigen-specific mechanism of immediate responsiveness of the mucosal epithelium characterized by epithelial chloride secretion. This mechanism, characteristic of intestinal anaphylaxis, is mediated by local immune elements. Similar mechanisms in mammals contribute to the barrier nature of mucosal membranes during pathogen challenge. To identify cells participating in these and similar responses, additional studies have described a role for mast cells in acute phase responses in the intestines of chickens experimentally challenged with Eimeria. To a more practical end, other experiments in our laboratories have characterized drinking water administration of BSA for elicitation of local and systemic antibody responses. These experiments have shown ad libitum drinking water administration of BSA to be as effective as i.p. administration of BSA; they present a novel approach to immunization of commercial poultry with protein vaccines. These investigations support continued research on host-pathogen interactions within the intestine of commercial poultry to better understand and control enteric pathogens through vaccination or immunomodulation. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ARS, USDA, LPSI, PBEL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caldwell, DJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM caldwell@poultry.tamu.edu NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 83 IS 4 BP 591 EP 599 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 809QA UT WOS:000220650000010 PM 15109056 ER PT J AU Lillehoj, HS Min, W Dalloul, RA AF Lillehoj, HS Min, W Dalloul, RA TI Recent progress on the cytokine regulation of intestinal immune responses to Eimeria SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ancillary Scientists Symposium on Avian Immune System CY JUL 17, 2003 CL Madison, WI SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE chicken; cytokine; Eimeria; immunity; vaccine ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; CHICKEN INTERFERON-GAMMA; KILLER-CELL-ACTIVITY; MULTIPLE CONCURRENT STRESSORS; ACERVULINA-INDUCED CHANGES; TENELLA INFECTED CHICKENS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; DEVELOPMENT IN-VITRO; NECROSIS-LIKE FACTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA AB A variety of methods are available to combat avian diseases in the commercial setting, including improved farm management practices, use of antibiotic drugs, selection of disease resistant chicken strains, and manipulation of the chicken immune system. In the latter category, development of vaccines against the major avian diseases has become a priority for the poultry industry. With increasing demands for developing alternative control programs for many poultry diseases, it is important to understand the basic immunobiology of host-pathogen interactions in order to develop novel vaccination strategies. From studies carried out in many mammalian species, it is evident that host immune responses to intracellular pathogens are complex and involve many components of the host immune system. For enteric pathogens such as Eimeria and Salmonella, understanding cell-mediated immunity is most important because antibodies, although abundantly produced locally, can not access and act on these intracellular pathogens. In poultry, slow but increasing understanding of various components of host immune system mediating cellular immunity is opening new opportunities for thorough investigation of the role of thymus-derived lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines in normal and disease states. This paper will review recent progress with chicken cytokines that have been characterized, and discuss various experimental strategies to enhance host immunity to pathogens using chicken cytokines. C1 ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366; Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 153 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 83 IS 4 BP 611 EP 623 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 809QA UT WOS:000220650000013 PM 15109059 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Brown, RL AF Brown, JW Brown, RL TI A new species of Cryptaspasma walsingham (Lepidoptera : tortricidae : olethreutinae) from Central America, the Caribbean, and southeastern United States, with a catalog of the world fauna of Microcorsini SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE new species; new US record; host plant; Caribbean; Central America; catalog AB Cryptaspasma bipenicilla, new species, is described and illustrated from Central America, the Caribbean, and southeastern United States. The earliest record of this species in the U.S. is a specimen collected in Pensacola, Florida, in 1962. We consider the species to now be established in the U.S. based on its widespread occurrence (on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from North Carolina to Texas) and the duration of its presence in the region. The new species has been reared from avocado seed (Persea americana L.; Lauraceae) in Puerto Rico and from fruits of aceitunillo (Belschmiedia pendula (Sw.); Lauraceae) in Cuba. Potential hosts in the U.S. include Persea borbonia (L.) (red bay) and P. palustris Sarg. (swamp bay). We also provide a taxonomic catalog of the world fauna of the tribe Microcorsini. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Mississippi Entomol Museum, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jbrown@sel.barc.usda.gov; moth@ra.msstate.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 288 EP 297 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810AE UT WOS:000220676400003 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ Sosa, A Cordo, H AF Gagne, RJ Sosa, A Cordo, H TI A new neotropical species of Clinodiplosis (Diptera : cecidomyiidae) injurious to alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (amaranthaceae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE gall midges; neotropical; biocontrol of alligatorweed AB A new species of cecidomyiid, Clinodiplosis alternantherae Gagne, is reported from alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (Amaranthaceae) in Argentina. The gall midge forms galls on branch tips and is a likely candidate to aid in the control of the invasive, alien alligatorweed in North America and Australia. The male, female, pupa and larva are described, illustrated, and compared to other Clinodiplosis species. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM rgagne@sel.barc.usda.gov; alejsosa@mail.retina.ar; hacordo@arnet.com.ar NR 4 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 305 EP 311 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810AE UT WOS:000220676400005 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS Korotyaev, BA AF Konstantinov, AS Korotyaev, BA TI Sexual dimorphism and size of aedeagi in apionid weevils (Coleoptera : apionidae) and flea beetles (Coleoptera : chrysomelidae): Why some masculine males have small aedeagi SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE apionidae; chrysomelidae; sexual dimorphism; male genitalia; copulatory courtship ID GENITALIA; SPIDERS; INSECTS; COPULATION; SELECTION AB A correlation between strongly developed sexually dimorphic external structures and the size and mechanical properties of male genitalia are described and illustrated in Trichoconapion Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Apionidae) and Normaltica Konstantinov (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Sexually dimorphic structures include legs and antennae in Trichoconapion and head and mouth parts in Normaltica. These sexually dimorphic characters in our examples are likely to function as clasping (restraining) or copulatory courtship devices rather than male/male combat or precopulatory courtship devices. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM akonstan@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 324 EP 338 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810AE UT WOS:000220676400008 ER PT J AU Costa, LAA Henry, TJ AF Costa, LAA Henry, TJ TI Fulvius chaguenus Carvalho and Costa (Heteroptera : Miridae : Cylapinae : Fulviini): Redescription and recognition of type specimens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Hemiptera; Heteroptera; Miridae; Cylapinae; Fulvius chaguenus description; type data; Paraguay AB Fulvius chaguenus Carvalho and Costa is redescribed and its type specimens are recognized. In 1994, Carvalho and Costa revised the New World species of Fulvius Stal and included figures of the adult holotype and male genitalia of F. chaguenus and included it in their identification key from Paraguay, but inadvertently omitted the text description and type data for this species. Provided for F. chaguenus in this paper are a formal adult description, type data for the holotype and associated paratypes, figures of the adult and male genitalia, and diagnostic information to help separate it from other New World species of Fulvius. C1 Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Museum Nacl, Dept Entomol, BR-20942040 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Costa, LAA (reprint author), Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Museum Nacl, Dept Entomol, BR-20942040 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM tlcosta@uol.com.br; thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 417 EP 420 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810AE UT WOS:000220676400016 ER PT J AU Nickle, DA AF Nickle, DA TI Commonly intercepted thrips (Thysanoptera) from Europe, the Mediterranean, and Africa at US ports-of-entry. Part II. Frankliniella Karny and Iridothrips Priesner (Thripidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE thrips; pests of flowers; Europe; Africa AB A total of 130 species of thrips occurring in Africa, Europe, and the Mediterranean region were intercepted by U. S. agricultural quarantine officers in shipments of plants and cut flowers at the various ports-of-entry in the United States from 1983 to 1999. Of these, four species of Frankliniella (F. occidentalis Pergande, F. intonsa Trybom, F. schultzei (Trybom), and F. tenuicornis (Uzel) rank within the top ten most frequently encountered species over this time period. This paper is Part 11 of a guide to the identification of thrips coming into this country from those regions; it uses keys, line drawings, and scanning electron micrographs to identify the commonly intercepted species of the genera Frankliniella (with 9 species from that region) and Iridothrips (with 2 species)-both of which are characterized by the presence of ctenidia located anteriad of abdominal spiracle VIII. It is designed primarily to aid the identification capabilities of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA, APHIS) identifiers at U.S. ports-of-entry, but those interested in thrips in general will also benefit from this information. C1 USDA ARS, Sysetmat Entomol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nickle, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sysetmat Entomol Lab, PSI, Bldg 005,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dnickle@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 438 EP 452 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810AE UT WOS:000220676400020 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, NJ AF Vandenberg, NJ TI Homonymy in the Coccinelidae (Coleoptera), or something fishy about Pseudoscymnus Chapin SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material ID COCCINELLIDAE C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Vandenberg, NJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM nvandenb@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 483 EP 484 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810AE UT WOS:000220676400027 ER PT J AU Wilson, GV Rhoton, FE Selim, HM AF Wilson, GV Rhoton, FE Selim, HM TI Modeling the impact of ferrihydrite on adsorption-desorption of soil phosphorus SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adsorption; desorption; phosphorus; kinetics; Fe-oxides ID PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION; MULTIREACTION MODEL; IRON-OXIDES; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; RETENTION; GOETHITE; KINETICS; CADMIUM; OXALATE AB Ferrihydrite is an Fe-oxide mineral with a high phosphorus (P) sorption capacity. Modeling the P adsorption and desorption mechanisms of soil amended with ferrihydrite is necessary to predict the movement of dissolved and sediment-bound P. The objective of this study was to model the multi-reaction P sorption properties of soil amended with ferrihydrite. Soil samples were treated with 0, 6.72, and 11.20 Mg ha(-1) of ferrihydrite. The <2-mm-size fraction of each treatment was tested for P sorption properties by the batch isotherm method. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations were applied as a single-site, instantaneous equilibrium approach for describing adsorption, and the multi-reaction (MRTM) model was applied with various combinations of equilibrium, reversible-kinetic, and irreversible sorption sites to describe the adsorption-desorption. Application of ferrihydrite increased the rapid P adsorption, but equilibrium was not reached after 1440 h because of the highly kinetic nature of P sorption. The one-site, instantaneous equilibrium approach was deemed inappropriate because of strong time-dependence in the Langmuir and Freundlich parameters. The reversible-kinetic sorption approach was superior to the instantaneous-equilibrium sorption approach for describing the rapid reactivity. The two-site model involving a reversible-kinetic site with either a concurrent irreversible or independently irreversible site was superior to the one-site and multi-site approaches. Application of ferrihydrite increased the rapid adsorption rate coefficients and the irreversible rate coefficients. These results suggest that ferrihydrite can be an effective soil amendment for enhancing P sorption and reducing P release. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Wilson, GV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM gvwilson@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 169 IS 4 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000126841.03965.3a PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 813KH UT WOS:000220905500004 ER PT J AU Ledig, ET Hodgskiss, PD Krutovskii, KV Neale, DB Eguiluz-Piedra, T AF Ledig, ET Hodgskiss, PD Krutovskii, KV Neale, DB Eguiluz-Piedra, T TI Relationships among the spruces (Picea, pinaceae) of southwestern North America SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID MATING SYSTEM; GENUS PICEA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MEXICAN SPRUCE; POPULATIONS; ENGELMANNII; PUNGENS; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; HYBRIDIZATION AB Numerous populations from six spruce taxa, including four relict endemics, Picea chihuahuana (Chihuahua spruce), P. martinezii (Martinez spruce), P. mexicana (Mexican spruce), and P. breweriana (Brewer spruce), and two widespread species, P. engelmannii (Engelmann spruce) and P. pungens (blue spruce), were compared at homologous isozyme loci to test various hypotheses about their affinities and origins. Each of the species was clearly separated, and Neighbor-joining and Unweighted Pair Group analyses of Nei's genetic distance grouped all populations within a taxon into their own clusters. Spruces from Flys Peak, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, joined a P. engelmannii cluster and were not a bridge to P. mexicana as previously believed. Spruces from Cerro Mohinora, Chihuahua, were clearly P. mexicana, not phantom hybrids of P. chihuahuana and R pungens. Nuclear random amplified polymorphic DNA and chloroplast simple sequence repeat and cleaved amplified polymorphic genetic markers were compared in a smaller sample of populations, using distance and parsimony approaches. DNA markers, like isozymes, clearly identified spruces from Cerro Mohinora as P. mexicana. In contradiction to the most recent taxonomic treatment, P. chihuahuana and P. martinezii were separated as distinct species by both isozyme and DNA markers, and formed a sister-species group. Picea engelmannii and P. mexicana formed a separate cluster, and the genetic distance between them was similar to values associated with closely related species but greater than distances typical of subspecies or varieties in conifers. Picea pungens, which is so similar to P. engelmannii that the two are frequently misidentified, was clearly distinguished from it, sometimes joining a P. chihuahuana-martinezii group and sometimes a P. engelmannii-mexicana group, depending on analysis. Picea breweriana was well isolated from all other taxa. Both DNA and isozyme phylogenies agreed with results from crossability studies and contradicted intrageneric relationships constructed largely on cone morphology. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA,Forest Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Ctr Genet Forestal, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. RP Ledig, ET (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA,Forest Serv, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tledig@ucdavis.edu RI Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012 OI Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084 NR 91 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 275 EP 295 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 824CK UT WOS:000221661400005 ER PT J AU Bartoszewski, G Katzir, N Havey, MJ AF Bartoszewski, G Katzir, N Havey, MJ TI Organization of repetitive DNAs and the genomic regions carrying ribosomal RNA, cob, and atp9 genes in the cucurbit mitochondrial genomes SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID OXIDASE SUBUNIT-I; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MAIZE MITOCHONDRIA; EVOLUTION; ELEMENTS; REPEATS; PLANTS; LINE; EXPRESSION AB Plants in the genus Cucumis (cucumber and melon) have the largest mitochondrial genomes known among all plants, due in part to the accumulation of repetitive DNAs of varying complexities. Recombination among these repetitive DNAs should produce highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes relative to the smaller mitochondrial genomes of related plants. We cloned and sequenced mitochondrial genomic regions near the rRNA, atp9 and cob genes from cucumber, melon, squash and watermelon (all members of the Cucurbitaceae family), and compared to the previously sequenced mitochondrial genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and sugar beet to study the distribution and arrangement of coding and repetitive DNAs. Cucumber and melon had regions of concentrated repetitive DNAs spread throughout the sequenced regions; few repetitive DNAs were revealed in the mitochondrial genomes of A. thaliana, sugar beet, squash and watermelon. Recombination among these repetitive DNAs most likely produced unique arrangements of the rrn18 and rrn5 genes in the genus Cucumis. Cucumber mitochondrial DNA had more pockets of dispersed direct and inverted repeats than melon and the other plants, and we did not reveal repetitive sequences significantly contributing to mitochondrial genome expansion in both cucumber and melon. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Agr Univ Warsaw, Fac Hort & Landscape Architecture, Dept Plant Genet Breeding & Biotechnol, PL-02787 Warsaw, Poland. Agr Res Org, Volcani Inst, Newe Yaar Res Ctr, Dept Vegetable Crops, IL-30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu RI Bartoszewski, Grzegorz/B-2211-2012; Bartoszewski, Grzegorz/M-8458-2016 OI Bartoszewski, Grzegorz/0000-0002-6197-770X NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2004 VL 108 IS 6 BP 982 EP 992 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1516-5 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 809RY UT WOS:000220655000002 PM 15067383 ER PT J AU Simko, I Costanzo, S Haynes, KG Christ, BJ Jones, RW AF Simko, I Costanzo, S Haynes, KG Christ, BJ Jones, RW TI Linkage disequilibrium mapping of a Verticillium dahliae resistance quantitative trait locus in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum) through a candidate gene approach (vol 108, pg 217, 2004) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Correction C1 ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, PSI, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM simkoi@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2004 VL 108 IS 6 BP 1191 EP 1191 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1637-5 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 809RY UT WOS:000220655000027 ER PT J AU Eicher, SD McMunn, KA Hammon, HM Donkin, SS AF Eicher, SD McMunn, KA Hammon, HM Donkin, SS TI Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, and acute phase cytokine gene expression in dexamethasone and growth hormone treated dairy calves SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; acute phase; cytokines; interleukins; TNF; real-time PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MESSENGER-RNA; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; INNATE IMMUNITY; ACTIVATION; RESPONSES; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-6 AB Cattle are exposed to growth hormone stimulants and to stressors that cause cortisol release. Both of these hormones affect immune responses which may reduce disease resistance. Toll-like receptors are the pattern recognition molecules of pathogens that are on immune cells. They then orchestrate the induction of the appropriate acute phase cytokines of the early innate response. The objective of this study was to determine changes in toll-like receptors and acute phase cytokines following treatment with a synthetic glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) and growth hormone (GH). Twenty-eight calves were given the control (Cm), dexamethasone (DEX), GH, or dexamethasone and GH (Both) treatments from 3 until 56 days of age. Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture on days 14, 28, 42, and 56. On day 56, a lung lavage was performed and spleen and thymus tissues collected. Total RNA was extracted from blood leukocytes, lung lavage cells, spleen and thymus cells. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantify interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Blood leukocytes had a time effect for IL-1 Ra (P < 0.01), with a trend for a treatment effect (P = 0.07) and had a treatment by time interaction (P < 0.05). IL-1, TNF, and TLR2 and TLR4 were greatest (P < 0.05) for Cnt only at day 14. IL-1 expression of lung lavage cells was greatest (P < 0.05) for calves on the Both treatment compared to the other three treatments. However, IL-1 Ra was not different among the treatments. Toll-like receptor 2 expression was enhanced with Both compared to either DEX (P < 0.05) or GH (P < 0.05) and tended to be greater than Cnt expression (P = 0.07). Expression of TLR4 tended to be reduced by Both compared to Cnt (P = 0.06). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was greatly enhanced by Both compared to the other three treatments (P < 0.05). Spleen cell tended to have different IL-1 expression between GH and Both (P = 0.07). Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and TLR2 and TLR4 were not different among treatments. However, TNF-alpha expression was enhanced by the DEX treatment alone compared to the GH treatment (P < 0.05), and tended (P < 0.10) to be greater than Cnt expression. None of the gene expressions were different among treatments for thymus cells. Lung lavage cell expression appears to be most susceptible to these hormones while blood leukocyte expression was only slightly affected, and thymus cells were not affected at all. These data demonstrate that TLR2 and TLR4 and acute phase cytokine expression can be altered by stress and growth hormones, which may decrease resistance of those animals to disease. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Eicher, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, 125 S Russell St,216 Puoltry Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM spruiett@purdue.edu NR 38 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 98 IS 3-4 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.10.009 PG 11 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 806VL UT WOS:000220461300001 PM 15010221 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Hume, ME Genovese, KJ Callaway, TR Jung, YS Edrington, TS Poole, TL Harvey, RB Bischoff, KM Nisbet, DJ AF Anderson, RC Hume, ME Genovese, KJ Callaway, TR Jung, YS Edrington, TS Poole, TL Harvey, RB Bischoff, KM Nisbet, DJ TI Effect of drinking-water administration of experimental chlorate ion preparations on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colonization in weaned and finished pigs SO VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE chlorate; food safety; preharvest; Salmonella; swine ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED-PIGS; SODIUM-CHLORATE; POTASSIUM CHLORATE; NITRATE REDUCTASES; SLAUGHTER PIGS; SWINE; SUPPLEMENTATION; POPULATIONS; REDUCTION AB Foodborne disease caused by Salmonella is of public health and economic significance. In order to assess the practical effectivenness of a new intervention strategy, experimental chlorate preparations (ECP) were administered via the drinking water to weaned and finished pigs that had been orally challenged the previous day with 10(9)-10(10) colony-forming units of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. After 24 or 36 h ad libitum access to OX, IX or 2X ECP treatment (where X is the concentration estimated to deliver a minimal daily effective dose), the pigs were euthanized and gut contents and lymph tissue collected at necropsy were cultured for the challenge Salmonella. Drinking water administration of ECP effectively reduced (p<0.05) caecal Salmonella concentrations and, with the weaned pigs, tended (p&LE;0.10) to reduce rectal Salmonella concentrations. No negative effects of ECP treatment on water intake and animal wellbeing were observed and only marginal effects on gut fermentation characteristics occurred. The bactericidal effect of administering ECP in drinking water was relatively rapid, with reductions in caecal Salmonella concentrations occurring within 24 h. These results suggest that ECP administered to pigs just days before slaughter may reduce gut concentrations of Salmonella; however, the impacts of such reductions on slaughter hygiene have yet to be determined. C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7380 J9 VET RES COMMUN JI Vet. Res. Commun. PD APR PY 2004 VL 28 IS 3 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1023/B:VERC.0000017369.04003.2b PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 777XF UT WOS:000189208600001 PM 15074764 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, IE Martin, RR TI Complete nucleotide sequence of a strawberry isolate of Beet pseudoyellows virus SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Beet pseudoyellows virus; Closterovirus; Crinivirus; dsRNA; nucleotide sequence; pallidosis; strawberry; Strawberry pallidosis associated virus ID PSEUDO-YELLOWS-VIRUS; STUNTING-DISORDER-VIRUS; GENUS CRINIVIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PALLIDOSIS DISEASE; GENOME SEQUENCE; HSP70 HOMOLOG; RNA GENOME; CLOSTEROVIRUS; LOCALIZATION AB In our effort to identify the causal agent(s) of strawberry pallidosis we found a single pallidosis positive plant that did not give any amplicons after RT-PCR using primer sets representing multiple regions of Strawberry pallidosis associated virus (SPaV) genome and failed to react with antibodies directed against the recombinant coat protein (CP) of SPaV. DsRNA extracted from this plant showed a similar pattern to that of SPaV indicating that another crinivirus may infect strawberry. Sequence analysis of multiple cDNA clones corresponding to the heat shock 70 homolog gene (HSP70h) of the unknown virus indicated that it was Beet pseudoyellows virus (BPYV). Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of BPYV-strawberry revealed that this isolate has several distinct features when compared to Cucumber yellows virus (CuYV), a cucumber strain of BPYV, including an entire ORF not found in CuYV. C1 ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM martinrr@science.oregonstate.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD APR PY 2004 VL 28 IS 3 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1023/B:VIRU.0000025771.48128.f8 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 816GZ UT WOS:000221099700002 PM 15266105 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Bryson, CT AF Koger, CH Bryson, CT TI Effect of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) extracts on germination and seedling growth of selected grass and broadleaf species SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; coleoptile; germination; plant extracts; plant residues; radicle ID WHEAT AB The effects of cogongrass foliage and root residue extracts on germination and radicle and coleoptile growth of barnyardgrass, browntop millet, bermudagrass, hemp sesbania, Italian ryegrass, and prickly sida were investigated in laboratory experiments. Liquid extracts of cogongrass foliage and root residues at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8% were evaluated on bermudagrass and Italian ryegrass. Effects of 8% foliage or root residue extracts were investigated on hemp sesbania, prickly sida, barnyardgrass, and browntop millet. Cogongrass residue (foliage and root) extracts at concentrations as low as 0.5% inhibited germination and seedling growth of bermudagrass and Italian ryegrass. Germination of bermudagrass and Italian ryegrass was reduced by as much as 62% and radicle and coleoptile growth by as Much as 96% at the highest extract concentrations. Foliage and root residue extracts reduced germination of barnyardgrass, browntop millet, and prickly sida 52 to 64% and seedling growth by as much as 96%. Cogongrass extracts had no effect on germination or seedling development of hemp sesbania. Results indicate that extracts of cogongrass may contain allelochemicals that may contribute to its invasiveness and extreme competitiveness. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ckoger@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1614/WT-03-022R1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 831LA UT WOS:000222194700006 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Woolsey, L Bowns, JE AF Ralphs, MH Woolsey, L Bowns, JE TI Individual plant control of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) with tebuthiuron SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle poisoning; poisonous plant AB A replicated field trial was conducted to determine the effective rates of tebuthiuron for control of individual tall larkspur plants in the mountains near Emery, UT, Cedar City, UT, and Yampa, CO. The size of larkspur plants was measured, and tebuthiuron was applied to the base of each plant at 0.1, 0.21, and 0.5 g product/1,000 cm(2) of foliar crown cover. Tebuthiuron at 0.21 g/ 1,000 cm(2) rate controlled 62% of the plants. Tebuthiuron at 0.5 g/1,000 cm controlled 78% of the plants (2.5 g for an average-sized plant of 5,000 cm(2)). The high clay content of the soils at Emery or high organic matter content of soils at Cedar City or Yampa did not adversely affect efficacy. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. USDA, NRCS, Filmore, UT USA. So Utah Univ, Cedar City, UT USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM mralphs@cc.usu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 248 EP 251 DI 10.1614/WT-03-027R2 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 831LA UT WOS:000222194700008 ER PT J AU Price, AJ Wilcut, JW Cranmer, JR AF Price, AJ Wilcut, JW Cranmer, JR TI Flumioxazin preplant or post-directed application timing followed by irrigation at emergence or after post-directed spray treatment does not influence cotton yield SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burndown treatment; LAYBY treatment ID PEANUT ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; WEED MANAGEMENT; STRIP-TILLAGE; PROGRAMS; CROPS AB Three experiments were conducted in Lewiston, NC, from 1999 through 2002 to evaluate the influence of various application timings of flumioxazin preplant (PP) and postemergence-directed spray (PDS) on cotton injury. In experiment 1, flumioxazin was evaluated in a reduced-tillage system at 71, 105, or 140 g ai/ha in mixture with glyphosate, applied at 28, 14, or 7 d before planting (DBP), followed by irrigation at cotton emergence. Flumioxazin applied PP at any rate and irrigated at emergence injured cotton less than 7% at 2 wk after emergence (WAE) and less than 6% 5 WAE. In experiment 2, flumioxazin was evaluated in a conventional-tillage system at 71 or 105 g/ha as a PDS treatment applied to dry soil, wet soil, and dry soil irrigated immediately after application when cotton was 20 to 30 cm height. Cotton treated with flumioxazin PDS at either rate applied to dry soil, wet soil, or dry soil followed immediately by irrigation was not injured. In the third experiment, flumioxazin at 71 g/ha alone or in mixture with glyphosate at 1.12 g/ha was applied at 30, 21, 14, and 0 DBP in a conventional-tillage system. Flumioxazin applied alone or in mixture with glyphosate applied at any time did not injure cotton. In all experiments, cotton lint yields were not influenced by herbicide treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM uprice@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 310 EP 314 DI 10.1614/WT-03-068R PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 831LA UT WOS:000222194700018 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Bryson, CT Byrd, JD AF Koger, CH Bryson, CT Byrd, JD TI Response of selected grass and broadleaf species to cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) residues SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allelochemical; allelopathy; germination; growth inhibition; plant residues; root growth; seedling; shoot growth AB Effects of cogongrass foliage and rhizome plus root residues on germination and shoot and root growth of barnyardgrass, bermudagrass, browntop millet, hemp sesbania, Italian ryegrass, and prickly sida were investigated in greenhouse experiments. Ground residues of dried cogongrass foliage and rhizomes plus roots were mixed separately with sterilized sand to obtain residue concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8%. These residue concentrations were investigated on bermudagrass and Italian ryegrass, and the 8% residue concentrations were also evaluated on hemp sesbania, prickly sida, barnyardgrass, and browntop millet. Foliage and rhizome plus root residues at concentrations as low as 0.25% inhibited seed germination and shoot and root growth of all species except hemp sesbania. Germination of bermudagrass and Italian ryegrass was reduced by as much as 97% and shoot and root growth by as much as 94% at the highest residue concentrations. Rhizome plus root residues reduced germination and shoot and root growth of bermudagrass and Italian ryegrass more than foliage residues. Foliage and rhizome plus root residues reduced germination and shoot and root biomass of prickly sida, barnyardgrass, and browntop millet at similar levels. Results indicate that cogongrass tissue may contain allelochemicals that contribute to its invasiveness and extreme competitiveness. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ckoger@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 353 EP 357 DI 10.1614/WT-03-092R1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 831LA UT WOS:000222194700024 ER PT J AU Culpepper, AS Flanders, JT York, AC Webster, TM AF Culpepper, AS Flanders, JT York, AC Webster, TM TI Tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis) control in glyphosate-resistant cotton SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive weed; noxious weed; weed shift AB Tropical spiderwort has recently become the most troublesome weed in Georgia cotton. Most of Georgia's cotton is glyphosate resistant (GR), and glyphosate is only marginally effective on tropical spiderwort. An experiment was conducted at four locations to determine tropical spiderwort control in GR cotton by 27 herbicide systems. Treatments consisted of three early-postemergence over-the-top (POT) herbicide options and nine late-postemergence-directed (LPD) options arranged factorially. Glyphosate POT controlled tropical spiderwort only 53% 21 d after treatment (DAT). Glyphosate plus pyrithiobac or S-metolachlor controlled tropical spiderwort 60 and 80%, respectively. Pyrithiobac improved control of emerged spiderwort, whereas S-metolachlor provided residual control. Pooled over POT treatments, glyphosate LPD controlled tropical spiderwort 70% 21 DAT. Dimethipin mixed with glyphosate did not improve control. Carfentrazone, diuron, or flumioxazin mixed with glyphosate LPD improved control 9 to 15%. MSMA and MSMA plus flumioxazin were 8 and 19% more effective than glyphosate LPD. At time of cotton harvest, systems without residual herbicides at LPD controlled tropical spiderwort 42 to 45% compared with 64 to 76% with LPD treatments that included diuron or flumioxazin. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Culpepper, AS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, POB 1209, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM stanley@arches.uga.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 432 EP 436 DI 10.1614/WT-03-175R PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 831LA UT WOS:000222194700035 ER PT J AU Dodds, KJ Ross, DW Randall, C Daterman, GE AF Dodds, KJ Ross, DW Randall, C Daterman, GE TI Landscape level validation of a Douglas-fir beetle stand hazard-rating system using geographical information systems SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; Pseudotsuga menziesii; hazard rating; tree mortality; validation; aerial survey ID PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; HIGH-RISK STANDS; INFESTATION; ANTIAGGREGATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; MORTALITY; OUTBREAKS AB A geographical information system (GIS) and historical infestation data were used to validate a Douglas-fir beetle hazard-rating system currently in use by the USDA Forest Service in pails of the West. This hazard-rating system is based on stand characteristics including percent Douglas-fir basal area (BA), stand BA, average Douglas-fir dbh, and stand age. To validate the hazard-rating system, stand information and aerial detection survey maps from 1996-1999 were combined in a GIS. Analyses determined that the highest amount of acreage infested and highest tree mortality occurred in moderate- and high-hazard stands, although the total area of these stands was less than that in other hazard classes. Furthermore, as beetle populations shifted from endemic to epidemic population levels, more acres were infested and tree mortality was greater in high-hazard areas. The use of spatial technologies and aerial detection survey maps provided a novel alternative for validating a forest insect hazard-rating system. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dodds, KJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kdodds@umn.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD APR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 821CJ UT WOS:000221437100001 ER PT J AU Higgins, S Blatner, K Kerns, BK Worthington, A AF Higgins, S Blatner, K Kerns, BK Worthington, A TI Relationship between Xerophyllum tenax and canopy density in the southern cascades of Washington SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE beargrass; nontimber forest products; NTFP; overstory/understory relationships ID UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; FORESTS AB Large-scale commercial harvest of beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax) has been taking place in the Cascades of Washington and Oregon,for the past 15 to 20 years. The long, slender leaves are either used fresh or dried and dyed for use in the floral industries in the United States and Europe. Our objectives were to develop a better understanding of beargrass production under different tree canopy (overstory) densities in the Pacific silver fir/big huckleberry/beargrass and the mountain hemlock/big huckleberry/beargrass plant associations in and around the Cispus Adaptive Management Area. We examined differences in beargrass production for different overstory canopy conditions on 10 sites in each association. Results indicated that beargrass quality is not of commercial grade under open canopies (<60% overstory density). For medium and high densities, the interaction between plant association and overstory density was significant for all response variables except harvestable dry mass. Harvestable dry mass of beargrass did not differ between the two associations, but was greater under medium- compared with high-density conditions. For the Pacific silver fir association, the high-overstory-density class had greater basal area of beargrass per site, and plants were larger with longer leaves compared to medium-canopy-density sites. We did not find this relationship for the mountain hemlock association, except for the longest leaf variable. It is unclear why basal area and size of beargrass were more closely related to overstory conditions for the Pacific silver fir association. Evaluation of the sustainability of beargrass as a nontimber forest product will require long-term study of the relationships among environmental variables, beargrass productivity, and beargrass population dynamics. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98228 USA. RP Blatner, K (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM blatner@cahe.wsu.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD APR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 821CJ UT WOS:000221437100002 ER EF