FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ashby, RD Solaiman, DKY Foglia, TA AF Ashby, RD Solaiman, DKY Foglia, TA TI Bacterial poly(hydroxyalkanoate) polymer production from the biodiesel co-product stream SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE poly(hydroxyalkanoates); poly(3-hydroxybutyrate); pseudomonas oleovorans; pseudomonas corrugata; biodiesel ID CHAIN-LENGTH POLY(HYDROXYALKANOATES); PSEUDOMONAS-OLEOVORANS; UNSATURATED MONOMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; FATTY-ACIDS; POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES; POLYESTERS; POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE-CO-3-HYDROXYHEXANOATE); POLY(BETA-HYDROXYALKANOATES); POLY(3-HYDROXYALKANOATES) AB A co-product stream from soy-based biodiesel production (CSBP) containing glycerol, fatty acid soaps, and residual fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) was utilized as a fermentation feedstock for the bacterial synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (mcl-PHA) polymers. Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-14682 and P. corrugata 388 grew and synthesized PHB and mcl-PHA, respectively, when cultivated in up to 5% (w/v) CSBP. In shake flask culture, P. oleovorans grew to 1.3 +/- 0.1 g/L (PHA cellular productivity = 13-27% of the bacterial cell dry weight; CDW) regardless of the initial CSBP concentration, whereas P. corrugata reached maximum cell yields of 2.1 g/L at 1% CSBP, which tapered off to 1.7 g/L as the CSBP media concentration was increased to 5% (maximum PHA cellular productivity = 42% of the CDW at 3% CSBP). While P. oleovorans synthesized PHB from CSBP, P. corrugata produced mcl-PHA consisting primarily of 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid (C-8:0; 39 +/- 2 mol%), 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C-10:0; 26 +/- 2 mol%) and 3-hydroxytetradecadienoic acid (C-14:2; 15 +/- 1 mol%). The molar mass (M-n) of the PHB polymer decreased by 53% as the initial CSBP culture concentration was increased from 1% to 5% (w/v). In contrast, the Mn of the mcl-PHA polymer produced by P. corrugata remained constant over the range of CSBP concentrations used. C1 ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, ERRC, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ashby, RD (reprint author), ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, ERRC, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rashby@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 12 IS 3 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1023/B:JOOE.0000038541.54263.d9 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 855UI UT WOS:000224000000001 ER PT J AU Foulk, JA Chao, WY Akin, DE Dodd, RB Layton, PA AF Foulk, JA Chao, WY Akin, DE Dodd, RB Layton, PA TI Enzyme-retted flax fiber and recycled polyethylene composites SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE flax fibers; enzymes; solid waste; milk containers; composite AB Municipal solid wastes generated each year contain potentially useful and recyclable materials for composites. Simultaneously, interest is high for the use of natural fibers, such as flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), in composites thus providing cost and environmental benefits. To investigate the utility of these materials, composites containing flax fibers with recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) were created and compared with similar products made with wood pulp, glass, and carbon fibers. Flax was either enzyme- or dew-retted to observe composite property differences between diverse levels of enzyme formulations and retting techniques. Coupling agents would strengthen binding between fibers and HDPE but in this study fibers were not modified in anyway to observe mechanical property differences between natural fiber composites. Composites with flax fibers from various retting methods, i.e., dew- vs. enzyme-retting, behaved differently; dew-retted fiber composites resulted in both lower strength and percent elongation. The lowest level of enzyme-retting and the most economical process produces composites that do not appear to differ from the highest level of enzyme-retting. Flax fibers improved the modulus of elasticity over wood pulp and HDPE alone and were less dense than glass or carbon fiber composites. Likely, differences in surface properties of the various flax fibers, while poorly defined and requiring further research, caused various interactions with the resin that influenced composite properties. C1 ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, USDA, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC USA. ARS, RB Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Foulk, JA (reprint author), ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, USDA, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jonnf@clemson.edu NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 12 IS 3 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1023/B:JOOE.0000038548.73494.59 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 855UI UT WOS:000224000000008 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Petrovic, Z Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ AF Shogren, RL Petrovic, Z Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ TI Biodegradation behavior of some vegetable oil-based polymers SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE biodegradable; soybean oil; polymer; epoxidized ID EPOXIDIZED SOYBEAN OIL; RENEWABLE RESOURCES; POLYESTER RESINS; POLYOLS; POLYURETHANES; ANHYDRIDE AB The potential biodegradability of several vegetable oil-based polymers was assessed by respirometry in soil for 60-100 days at temperatures of 30-58degreesC. Films of soybean oil and linseed oil which were oxidatively polymerized (Co catalyst) on a kraft paper support were 90%-100% mineralized to CO2 after 70 days at 30degreesC. Mineralization of polymerized tung oil to CO2 was much slower than soy or linseed oils. Mineralization of epoxy resins made from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids was rapid while mineralization of similar resins made with a triacid (citric) was slower. There was no significant degradation of polyamine/ESO resins after 100 days at 58degreesC. Mineralization of the available carbon in vegetable oil polyurethanes and cationically polymerized ESO was less than 7.5% after 70 days at 30degreesC and 25 days at 55degreesC compared to 100% for soybean oil. From these results, it appears that triglycerides highly cross-linked with non-degradable linkages are not biodegradable to a significant extent while triglycerides cross-linked with hydrolysable bonds such as esters remain biodegradable. C1 ARS, Plant Polymer Res Units, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res Units, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Pittsburg State Univ, Kansas Polymer Res Ctr, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Units, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM shog-rerl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 25 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 41 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 12 IS 3 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1023/B:JOOE.0000038549.73769.7d PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 855UI UT WOS:000224000000009 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AK Chiou, BS Wood, D Orts, WJ Imam, SH AF Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AK Chiou, BS Wood, D Orts, WJ Imam, SH TI Lightweight concrete containing an alkaline resistant starch-based aquagel SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE blends; poly (vinyl alcohol); gelatinization; setting; hydrogel AB Starch aquagel-based lightweight concrete has properties similar to those of other lightweight concrete products. However, starch aquagels are unstable in the strongly alkaline conditions typical of Portland Cement-based concrete and may interfere with the setting process. The effect of alkali treatments on the physical, mechanical, and functional properties of starch aquagels and aquagels from starch/polymer blends was investigated. Starch was blended at 100-115degreesC in a twin-screw extruder with five different polymers to determine whether the blends improved alkaline resistance. Polymer blends containing 5%, 15%, and 30% of the polymer hydrated and formed aquagels when equilibrated in water for 24 h. However, equilibrium moisture content was lower for the blends compared to the starch control. Aquagels equilibrated in 0.15 N NaOH swelled, lost compressive strength and had greater than 90% moisture. The blend of starch and 30% PVOH absorbed less moisture and was more resistant to alkaline dissolution in I N NaOH than the other blends tested making it a more suitable material for aquagel-based concrete. The moisture content of starch-based aquagels and mixing time were critical factors in determining setting times. The size of aquagel blends had a minor effect on density and compressive strength. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gmg@pw.usda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 12 IS 3 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1023/B:JOOE.0000038551.78645.3b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 855UI UT WOS:000224000000011 ER PT J AU Giuliano, WM Homyack, JD AF Giuliano, WM Homyack, JD TI Short-term grazing exclusion effects on riparian small mammal communities SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fencing; litter; livestock; pasture; stream; vegetation; wildlife ID STREAM; ZONES; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES; COVER; BIRDS AB Grazing of livestock in streams and associated riparian habitats (hereafter referred to as riparian zones) may affect small mammal communities by influencing vegetation, water quality, and other site characteristics. To better understand these effects, we compared vegetation structure, and abundance and richness of small mammals in grazed riparian zones and similar areas where livestock had recently (1-2 years) been excluded in southwest Pennsylvania, 1998 and 1999. Mammalian species richness and abundance (all species combined, meadow voles [Microtus pennsylvanicus Ord], and meadow jumping mice [Zapus hudsonius Zimmermann]) were greater on sites where livestock had been excluded than grazed areas. These findings are likely the result of greater litter cover and increased vertical vegetation obstruction observed on these sites. Because small mammal communities respond quickly to relaxation of grazing in riparian zones, subsidy programs exist to partially pay for fencing, and landowners may potentially benefit from fencing these areas through improved water quality, erosion control, and livestock health, fencing may be an effective wildlife and grazing management tool. C1 Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Louis Calder Ctr, Biol Field Stn, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Giuliano, WM (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Louis Calder Ctr, Biol Field Stn, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 22 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 57 IS 4 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.2307/4003857 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838NT UT WOS:000222720800003 ER PT J AU Grings, EE Short, RE Haferkamp, MR Heitschmidt, RK AF Grings, EE Short, RE Haferkamp, MR Heitschmidt, RK TI Late summer protein supplementation for yearling cattle SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE grazing management; beef cattle ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; DIGESTIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; RANGELANDS AB Three studies were conducted to evaluate late summer protein supplementation for growing steers on Northern Great Plains rangeland. In Experiment 1, crossbred yearling steers (N = 80 per year, mean initial live-weight = 275 kg) were allotted to I of 2 treatments replicated in 3 pastures in each of 3 years. Treatments were summer-long grazing with or without protein supplementation in late summer. Protein supplement (26% crude protein) was fed at a rate of 1.68 kg (dry matter basis) every third day. In 1995, a third treatment was added to additional pastures consisting of 1.62 kg (dry matter basis) of a 40% crude protein supplement fed every third day. There was no weight gain response to protein supplementation. In Experiment 2, yearling steers grazing rangeland from May to September were fed either no supplement, 1.5 kg of a 22% crude protein safflower meal-based supplement, 1.2 kg of 26% soybean meal-based supplement or 1.2 kg of a 26% safflower and soybean meal-based supplement every third day in late summer. Live-weight gain, forage intake, and digestibility were not affected by supplementation. A third experiment using ruminally cannulated steers fed grass hay and the 3 protein supplements based on safflower and soybean meals showed an increase in ruminal ammonia concentrations but no other appreciable change in ruminal fermentation with protein supplementation. Supplementation with as much as 648 grams of protein every third day was not a viable means to increase gains of steers grazing Northern Great Plains rangelands during late summer under the conditions of this experiment. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Grings, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 57 IS 4 BP 358 EP 364 DI 10.2307/4003859 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838NT UT WOS:000222720800005 ER PT J AU Cosgriff, R Anderson, VJ Monson, S AF Cosgriff, R Anderson, VJ Monson, S TI Restoration of communities dominated by false hellebore SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Veratrum californicum; mechanical control; chemical control; glyphosate; tilling; mountain meadows; wet meadows ID VERATRUM-CALIFORNICUM AB False hellebore (Veratrum californicum Durand) is a native component of high-elevation, meadow-riparian areas of the mountain West that has increased due to historic heavy grazing. In 1991, a study was established in dense stands of false hellebore to evaluate mechanical and chemical control methods to reduce false hellebore and increase the abundance of the other native herbaceous species in these tall-forb communities. Four control methods consisting of the herbicide glyphosate (N-phenophonomethylglycine), mow, mowing in 2 consecutive years (remow), and tillage were used in 1991-1992. Each method was evaluated based on (1) reduction of false hellebore stem densities; (2) response of residual understory species; and (3) effectiveness of seeding a perennial grass and forb mixture to sustain initial treatment control. Stem density of false hellebore and nested frequency data for all species were collected in 1991, 1992, 1995, and 1999. The glyphosate treatment was effective in reducing false hellebore stem density which allowed for recovery of the remnant tall-forb community. The till treatment, while effectively reducing false hellebore stem density, also eliminated the other species in the community, leaving it open to invasive weeds. The mow and remow treatments did not reduce false hellebore stem density, but did allow for recovery of other components of the tall-forb community. Seeding following control treatments had no effect on false hellebore stem densities due to poor establishment. The mechanical treatments were generally more cumbersome in application and limited to gentle topography and well-drained sites without surface rocks. The application of herbicides is much easier and is adaptable to all types of terrain. The use of the herbicide glyphosate gave the best balance of false hellebore control and recovery of the tall-forb community. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Bot & Range Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Forest Serv, Shrub Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 57 IS 4 BP 365 EP 370 DI 10.2307/4003860 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838NT UT WOS:000222720800006 ER PT J AU Sheley, RL Jacobs, JS Martin, JM AF Sheley, RL Jacobs, JS Martin, JM TI Integrating 2,4-D and sheep grazing to rehabilitate spotted knapweed infestations SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centaurea maculosa; noxious rangelands weeds; integrated weed management; grazing weeds ID CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; IDAHO FESCUE; MANAGEMENT AB Effective integrated weed management requires understanding the impacts of management strategies applied alone and in combination. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of 2,4-D and repeated sheep (Ovis aries) grazing applied alone and in combination on spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) and perennial grasses. We hypothesized that integrating a single spring 2,4-D application would remove the adult plants, repeated sheep grazing would control rosettes, and spotted knapweed density, cover and biomass would decrease, allowing residual grasses to reoccupy the sites. A single spring 2,4-D application at 2.1 kg a.i. ha(-1), repeated annual sheep grazing of 95% spotted knapweed or 60% grass utilization, and repeated sheep grazing and 2,4-D combined were applied to small pastures at 2 sites in western Montana beginning in 1997 and continued through 2001. Spotted knapweed rosette and flowering plant density, and spotted knapweed and perennial grass cover and biomass were sampled from 1998 through 2001. Spotted knapweed rosette density was 61.7, 34.3, 44.3, and 0.3 m(-2) in the control, sheep grazing, 2,4-D, and combined sheep grazing and 2,4-D treatments, respectively, at 1 site in 2001. Spotted knapweed flowering plant density increased from 3.7 in 1998 to 10.7 m(-2) in 2002 in the 2,4-D treatment whereas there was no increase in the 2,4-D combined with sheep grazing treatment from 1998 to 2002. Perennial grass biomass was 6.9, 8.4, 25.7, and 19.7 in the control, sheep grazing, 2,4-D, and combined sheep grazing and 2,4-D treatments, respectively, averaged for both sites and 4 years of sampling. Herbicides released perennial grasses from weed competition and changed the weed population from mature, less palatable plants to juvenile plants that were preferred by sheep. C1 USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 57 IS 4 BP 371 EP 375 DI 10.2307/4003861 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838NT UT WOS:000222720800007 ER PT J AU Ganskopp, D Svejcar, T Vavra, M AF Ganskopp, D Svejcar, T Vavra, M TI Livestock forage conditioning: Bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and bottlebrush squirreltail SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agropyron spicatum; Festuca idahoensis; Sitanion hystrix; beef cattle; big game; winter range; wildlife; habitat; diet quality ID GREAT-BASIN GRASSES; ELK WINTER RANGE; SPRING DEFOLIATION; QUALITY; CATTLE; PRONGHORN; DYNAMICS; UNGULATE; OREGON; STEERS AB Research on Anderson and Scherzinger's hypothesis that spring cattle grazing can positively affect subsequent nutritional characteristics of grasses have generated mixed results. Our objectives were: 1) to evaluate fall/winter nutritional indices of bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum [Pursh] Scribn. & Smith), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer), and bottlebrush squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) Smith) in ungrazed, lightly grazed (33% utilization), or heavily grazed (69% utilization) pastures stocked with cattle at the boot stage of growth; and 2) to quantify opportunity costs of applying those treatments on fall standing crop. Compared with ungrazed stands, light and heavy spring grazing decreased September standing crop by 32 and 67%, respectively. September/December crude protein (CP) among heavily grazed grasses ((x) over bar = 6.9%) exceeded ungrazed controls ((x) over bar = 3.9%) for 11 of 12 comparisons. Crude protein of lightly grazed grasses ((x) over bar = 5.2%) was higher than ungrazed controls for 6 of 12 comparisons. Herbage was more nutritious during the drier of the 2 years sampled. Among grazed treatments, fall/winter CP measures were highest for bottlebrush squirreltail ((x) over bar = 7.4%), intermediate for Idaho fescue (5.9%), and lowest for bluebunch wheatgrass (0 = 4.9%). In fall/winter, herbage was most digestible in heavily grazed paddocks ((x) over bar = 59%), intermediate in lightly grazed paddocks ((x) over bar = 53%), and least digestible in ungrazed areas ((x) over bar = 49%). Light and heavy spring cattle grazing can augment fall/winter forage quality of bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and bottlebrush squirreltail. Spring grazing reduces subsequent standing crop, but remaining forage will be nutritionally superior to herbage in ungrazed stands. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Ore Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. PNWRS FS, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Ganskopp, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Ore Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 57 IS 4 BP 384 EP 392 DI 10.2307/4003863 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838NT UT WOS:000222720800009 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Wu, XB AF Derner, JD Wu, XB TI Spatial patterns of light gaps in mesic grasslands SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance history; patch metrics; Prosopis glandulosa; tallgrass prairie; woody plant ID SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NEW-ZEALAND; DISTURBANCE; INVASIBILITY; VEGETATION; INVASIONS; GROWTH; CANOPY AB The spatial pattern of light gaps in mesic grasslands in central Texas with contrasting disturbance histories was assessed using patch-based landscape metrics determined from a threshold level (25% of full sunlight), as light intensities below this threshold substantially decrease survival of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa Torr.) seedlings. The spatial pattern of light gaps, with the exception of edge density, were significantly different between annually-disturbed and non-disturbed grasslands on all sample dates (2 April, 30 April, 29 May, and 26 June 1998). Differences in patch metrics did not occur between nondisturbed grasslands despite contrasting vegetation composition [perennial forbs and perennial bunch (tussock) grasses]. Patch-based landscape metrics of light gaps did vary temporally in both annually-disturbed and non-disturbed grasslands. The structure and spatial configuration of light gaps were distinctly different between annually-disturbed and non-disturbed grasslands: a low density of large patches characterized light gaps in annually-disturbed grassland, whereas non-disturbed grasslands had a high density of small patches. Our findings demonstrate that the current disturbance regime is the principal environmental driver influencing species dominance and composition, and indirectly vegetation structure, which collectively contribute to the observed dynamics of light gap patches in these mesic grasslands. Incorporating spatially explicit consideration of light gap structure and dynamics into experimental studies addressing invasion of weedy plant species such as honey mesquite may be an effective approach to address mechanisms and the ecological significance of disturbance operating as a driver facilitating woody plant invasions in mesic grasslands. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RI Wu, X. Ben/E-3772-2010 OI Wu, X. Ben/0000-0001-5947-3118 NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 57 IS 4 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.2307/4003864 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838NT UT WOS:000222720800010 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, LR Herrick, JE Donart, GB AF Gutierrez, LR Herrick, JE Donart, GB TI Gully seeder for reseeding rangeland and riparian areas SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE revegetation; land degradation; remediation; restoration; seeding methods ID GRASSES AB Traditional methods of reseeding degraded and and semi-arid rangeland are expensive and frequently unsuccessful due to high rates of seed predation and seedling mortality. A runoff-based method is described that protects seeds from predation and degradation until soil moisture is available, then deposits them in favorable microsites for germination and establishment. Seeds are placed in three, 2 cm-diameter x 8 cm PVC tubes. The small tubes are capped with crepe paper and glued inside of a 7.5 cm-diameter x 15 cm-long tube which is capped with hardware cloth. The tubes are placed in small rills, gullies, arroyos or riparian areas and the seeds are released sequentially from the 3 tubes as flow depth increases. Seeds are deposited beneath piles of litter where soil moisture and temperature are more favorable for seedling establishment. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Range Specialist Anim & Range Sci Dept, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 57 IS 4 BP 399 EP 401 DI 10.2307/4003865 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838NT UT WOS:000222720800011 ER PT J AU Tate, KW Dudley, DM McDougald, NK George, MR AF Tate, KW Dudley, DM McDougald, NK George, MR TI Effect of canopy and grazing on soil bulk density SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE compaction; residual dry matter; RDM; annual rangeland; Sierra Nevada ID QUERCUS-DOUGLASII; TREE CANOPIES; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; RANGELAND AB This study compared soil surface bulk density between: 1) sites not grazed by cattle > 26 years; 2) sites not grazed for 6 years; 3) sites grazed for 15 years to October residual dry matter levels of > 1100 kg ha(-1); 4) sites grazed for 15 years to October residual dry matter levels of 670 to 900 kg ha(-1); 5) sites grazed for 15 years to October residual dry matter levels of < 450 kg ha(-1); and 6) sites subject to concentrated cattle use (trails, corrals, and supplemental feed-water stations). Sites were collected from across the 1,772 ha San Joaquin Experimental Range (SJER) in Madera County, Calif. to represent canopy cover (open grassland, blue oak (Quercus douglasii Hook and Arn.), live oak (Quercus wislizenii A.DC.), foothill pine (Pinus sabiniana Douglas), wedgeleaf ceanothus (Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook) Nutt.), and ceanothus interspace) and topography (swale, uplands) typical of the rocky coarse sandy loam soils of the southern Sierra Nevada foothill oak savannah. Soil surface (0 to 7.62 cm) bulk density (g cm(-3)) was determined for 1489 soil cores collected across all available combinations of grazing management, canopy cover and topographic position at the SJER. Soil surface bulk density was 0.23 to 0.30 g cm(-3) lower under canopy compared to open grasslands. Bulk density was not different (P > 0.05) between sites not grazed > 26 years and sites not grazed for 6 years. Grazing to residual dry matter levels of > 1100, 670 to 900, and < 450 kg ha(-1) created bulk densities which were 0.08, 0.18, and 0.21 g cm(-3) greater than non-grazed sites, respectively. Cattle concentration sites had bulk densities 0.37 to 0.47 g cm(-3) greater than areas not grazed > 6 or 26 years. For the purpose of maintaining soil surface bulk density current residual dry matter recommendations for sites with canopy cover > 50% appear appropriate, but recommendations for open grasslands need additional review. In particular, residual dry matter level must be directly linked to soil surface infiltration capacity. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Madera, CA 93637 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Madera, CA 93637 USA. RP Tate, KW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 57 IS 4 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.2307/4003867 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838NT UT WOS:000222720800013 ER PT J AU Di Luzio, M Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R AF Di Luzio, M Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R TI Integration of SSURGO maps and soil parameters within a geographic information system and nonpoint source pollution model system SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE ArcView; AVSWAT; geographical information systems; GIS; nonpoint source pollution; soil hydraulic properties; soil maps; SSURGO; SWAT ID AGGREGATION; VARIABILITY; IMPACT; SWAT AB Computer based frameworks, including geographical information systems (GIS), associated digital data sets and integrated hydrological models, have become essential tools for the practical deployment of watershed assessment projects and ultimately for providing support for water quality protection and conservation. Within these frameworks digital soil information and data sets play a key rote in defining the spatial distribution of important hydraulic variables and consequently of fundamental hydrologic functions connected with NPSs (Nonpoint Sources) and their modeling. This paper illustrates background and results from the development of a GIS based tool required for the use of Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) data sets (an undergoing development and delivery effort of digital soil maps by the Natural Resources Conservation Service) and primarily designed in specific support of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and its applications in the United States. The tool is developed as an addition or extension to the model companion, the ArcView GIS interface in its latest version (AVSWAT-X) which is designed to define watershed hydrologic features; store, organize, and manipulate the related spatial and tabular data; and analyze management scenarios. Within this framework the tool expedites the otherwise complex inclusion operations of the SSURGO data, such as: (1) downloading, via the Internet up-to-date, SSURGO data sets (version I or II); (2) processing and managing variously formatted data sets in order to create the needed digital soil maps; (3) generating and/or storing the required soil physical and hydraulic model input parameters derived from pedo-transfer functions; and (4) seamlessly including them in any watershed modeling framework. Besides the operational advantages, the tool addresses the trend of employing soil maps with increasing detail in order to improve the landscape representation and reduce the modeling drawbacks involved with the aggregation of the spatial input. Soil map features with unprecedented detail along with the elaborated attributes have a potential for enhancing modeling assessments in support of water quality programs (i.e. Total Maximum Daily Load) at the watershed as well as stream reach scale, as indicated in basic yet important highlights in the paper. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Blackland Res Ctr, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Temple, TX USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX USA. RP Di Luzio, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Blackland Res Ctr, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Temple, TX USA. RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 59 IS 4 BP 123 EP 133 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 856IK UT WOS:000224038700006 ER PT J AU Faucette, LB Risse, LM Nearing, MA Gaskin, JW West, LT AF Faucette, LB Risse, LM Nearing, MA Gaskin, JW West, LT TI Runoff, erosion, and nutrient losses from compost and mulch Mankets under simulated rainfall SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE compost; erosion control; mulch; nutrient loss; runoff; water quality ID SOIL LOSS; MANURE AB Control of soil erosion and associated nonpoint source pollution is essential to improving water quality. The use of compost or mulch blankets as a soil cover can help control soil erosion and provide sustainable alternatives to disposal for many biomass resources. The objective of this study was to investigate the amounts of runoff, erosion, and nutrient losses obtained under simulated rainfall using a variety of compost and mulch materials. Treatments included aged poultry titter, two different types of poultry litter compost, municipal solid waste compost, biosolids compost, food waste compost, yard waste compost, three different types of wood mulch, and bare soil. Results indicated that all of the treatments except for aged poultry litter were effective at reducing total solids loss in the runoff. Nutrient losses from most of the compost treatments, however, were higher than those from bare soil or mulch treatments. Treatments with lower respiration rates and nitrate-nitrogen concentrations tended to have less erosion and transport of solids. Nitrate-nitrogen content, respiration rates, soluble salt, sodium, and potassium contents were good indicators of ammonium and phosphorus losses. C1 Univ Georgia, Engn Outreach Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Faucette, LB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Engn Outreach Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 14 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 59 IS 4 BP 154 EP 160 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 856IK UT WOS:000224038700010 ER PT J AU Grace, JM AF Grace, JM TI Soil erosion following forest operations in the Southern Pledmont of central Alabama SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE forest operations; harvesting; site preparation; soil erosion; surface runoff ID NONPOINT SOURCES; SITE PREPARATION; ROAD SIDESLOPES; SEDIMENT LOSSES; COASTAL-PLAIN; POLLUTION AB In recent years, nonpoint source pollution (NPS) has been recognized as one of the major threats to the nation's water quality. Clearly, forest operations such as harvesting and site preparation have the potential to have degrading impacts on forest water quality. However, there exists a gap in the understanding of the nature and extent of NPS pollution problems related to forest operations. The study presented here was performed in Lee County, Alabama to investigate the impact of clear-cut harvesting and mechanical site preparation on a 20-year-old loblotty pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation on sediment and runoff yield. Sediment and runoff yield responses on treated areas were compared to that of undisturbed areas. Impacts were evaluated by monitoring isolated small plots, 2 m (6.6 ft) by 5.5 m (18 ft), over a two-year period following the harvest prescription. Sediment yield from the control treatment was 0.11 t/ha (0.30 ton/acre) over the study period. Sediment yield increases of 0.11 t/ha (0.30 t/ac) and 1.3 t/ha (3.5 t/ac) were observed from clear cut harvest/site prep/plant (H-SP-P) treatment and clear cut harvest/plant (H-P) treatment, respectively. However, erosion losses from the most erosive treatment, clear cut harvest/plant, was still very low at less than 1 t/ha/yr. Runoff yield results were similar to those observed with sediment yields from treatments in the investigation. Differences in the two treatments were likely due to the differences in surface roughness, which affects infiltration and surface flow velocity. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Auburn, AL USA. RP Grace, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Auburn, AL USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 59 IS 4 BP 160 EP 166 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 856IK UT WOS:000224038700011 ER PT J AU Merrill, SD Tanaka, DL Krupinsky, JM Ries, RE AF Merrill, SD Tanaka, DL Krupinsky, JM Ries, RE TI Water use and depletion by diverse crop species on Haplustoll soil on the Northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE alternative crops; differential water depletion; diverse soit-crop production systems; Northern Great Plains; soil water depletion; water use ID SPRING WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; OILSEED CROPS; SALINE SEEPS; SUNFLOWER; ROTATION; SYSTEMS; TILLAGE; GROWTH AB In a semiarid-to-subhumid region, water use by crop species can have a considerable impact on both crop production and soil landscape hydrology. Crop production following high water-using crops can be decreased while ephemeral streams and wetlands can be increased by growing lower water-using crops. Water use and soil water depletion were determined with neutron moisture meters in ten crop species (barley, canola, crambe, dry bean, dry pea, flax, safflower, spring wheat, soybean and sunflower) for two years, and measurements are presented for four of these species for one additional year. The observations were made in various species which were grown after spring wheat during crop sequence experiments. Sunflower was the greatest water user, followed by safflower and soybean. Dry pea was the lowest water user, followed in order by barley, crambe, and spring wheat. During an above average precipitation year, the depth distribution of soil water depletion among canota, dry pea, spring wheat, and sunflower was similar. In contrast, during a year of relatively tow seasonal precipitation, differences were evident among the four crop species. Sunflower and canota extracted 49 percent and 45 percent of their soil water depletion, respectively, from soil depths greater than 60 cm, while spring wheat and dry pea extracted 33 percent and 27 percent of their soil water depletion from below 60 cm depth. Using a three-year dataset, it was found that water use and soil water depletion were highly correlated with seasonal precipitation, significantly correlated with median depth of water depletion and days from seeding to harvest, but not correlated with root growth parameters. As a general guide to water use by crop species, length of active growing season appears to be the most important factor. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Merrill, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 59 IS 4 BP 176 EP 183 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 856IK UT WOS:000224038700013 ER PT J AU Amass, SF Schneider, JL Miller, CA Shawky, SA Stevenson, GW Woodruff, ME AF Amass, SF Schneider, JL Miller, CA Shawky, SA Stevenson, GW Woodruff, ME TI Idiopathic vesicular disease in a swine herd in Indiana SO JOURNAL OF SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE swine; idiopathic vesicular disease; enterovirus ID PORCINE ENTEROVIRUSES; LESIONS AB Idiopathic vesicular disease was reported in pigs of all ages during a 7-month period on an 1840-sow, three-site farrow-to-finish swine herd in Indiana. In 8- to 10-week-old growing pigs recently moved from the nursery (Site 3) to Sites I and 2, erosions occurred primarily on the coronary band, causing coronary separation and lameness. Some growing pigs also had lesions on the snout and in the oral cavity. A few gestating sows in Sites 1 and 2 were affected primarily with snout lesions, and some litters of piglets were febrile and had coronary band lesions that resolved by 16 days of age. Pigs in Site 3 were not affected. Clinical signs were indistinguishable from exotic vesicular diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease. A foreign animal disease investigation ruled out an exotic disease as the cause. An etiologic agent was not identified; however, porcine enterovirus was isolated from tissue samples of growing pigs. Porcine enteroviruses are ubiquitous, and the isolate was considered a contaminant in this case. Practitioners are encouraged to be vigilant observers and reporters of clinical signs consistent with exotic diseases. C1 Purdue Univ, VCS Lynn, Dept Vet Clin Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Indiana State Board Anim Hlth, Indianapolis, IN USA. USDA, NVSL, VS,APHIS, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY USA. Purdue Univ, Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Amass, SF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, VCS Lynn, Dept Vet Clin Sci, 625 Harrison St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM amasss@purdue.edu NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE PRACTITIONERS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220-1703 USA SN 1537-209X J9 J SWINE HEALTH PROD JI J. Swine. Health Prod. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP 192 EP 196 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 831BQ UT WOS:000222168300008 ER PT J AU Bush, E AF Bush, E TI What does a mean mean? SO JOURNAL OF SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, APHIS, VS, CNAHS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bush, E (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, CNAHS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B-2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE PRACTITIONERS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220-1703 USA SN 1537-209X J9 J SWINE HEALTH PROD JI J. Swine. Health Prod. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP 214 EP 215 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 831BQ UT WOS:000222168300010 ER PT J AU Newby, PK Peterson, KE Berkey, CS Leppert, J Willett, WC Colditz, GA AF Newby, PK Peterson, KE Berkey, CS Leppert, J Willett, WC Colditz, GA TI Beverage consumption is not associated with changes in weight and body mass index among low-income preschool children in North Dakota SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FRUIT JUICE CONSUMPTION; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; FOOD-INTAKE; ADULT HYPERTENSION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; AGED CHILDREN; SHORT STATURE; US CHILDREN AB Objective To examine prospectively the association between beverage consumption (fruit juice, fruit drinks, milk, soda, and diet soda) and changes in weight and body mass index among preschool children. Design A prospective cohort study that collected dietary, anthropometric, and sociodemographic data. Subjects/Setting The study population included 1,345 children age 2 to 5 years participating in the North Dakota Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) on two visits between 6 to 12 months apart. Statistical Analyses We performed linear regression analyses to examine whether beverage consumption was associated with annual change in weight and body mass index. Intakes were measured as continuous (oz/day) and we also dichotomized fruit juice, fruit drinks, and milk at high intakes. Results In multivariate regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, change in height, and additional sociodemographic variables, weight change was not significantly related to intakes (per ounce) of fruit juice (beta=0.01 lb/year, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.20, P=.28), fruit drinks (beta=-0.03 lb/year, 95% CI: -0.07 to 0.01, P=.28), milk (beta=0.00 lb/year, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.02, beta=.86), soda (beta=-0.00 lb/year, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.08, P=.95), or diet soda (beta=0.01 lb/year, 95% CI: -0.11 to 0.13, P=.82). Findings remained null when we examined associations with body mass index and when fruit juice, fruit drinks, and milk were dichotomized at high intake levels in both analyses. Conclusions Our study does not show an association between beverage consumption and changes in weight or body mass index in this population of low-income preschool children in North Dakota. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. N Dakota Dept Hlth, Div Maternal & Child Hlth, N Dakota WIC Program, Bismarck, ND USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Newby, PK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,9th Floor, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM pknewby@post.harvard.edu RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA57711]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK46200] NR 50 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 104 IS 7 BP 1086 EP 1094 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.04.020 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 833DB UT WOS:000222315500019 PM 15215766 ER PT J AU Kruzich, LA Marquis, GS Carriquiry, AL Wilson, CM Stephensen, CB AF Kruzich, LA Marquis, GS Carriquiry, AL Wilson, CM Stephensen, CB TI US youths in the early stages of HIV disease have low intakes of some micronutrients important for optimal immune function SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REPORTED ENERGY-INTAKE; DIETARY-INTAKE; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; BODY-COMPOSITION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; ADOLESCENTS; INFECTION; WOMEN; WEIGHT AB Objective We examined the association between micronutrient intakes and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in youths who were at increased nutritional risk because of the demands of growth and disease as well as poor dietary habits. Design This was a cross-sectional study to collect dietary intake data using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (98.2). Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and sociodemographic data were available. Subjects/Setting Participants included 264 HIV-infected and 127 HIV-uninfected adolescents and young adults from the Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care and Health network, a multisite observational study on HIV progression. Statistical Analyses CD4(+) T cells were stratified for HIV-infected youths: greater than or equal to500, 200 to 499, and <200 cells/muL. Micronutrient intakes were compared by presence of HIV infection, using two-sample Student's t tests. Categoric analyses used chi(2) test. Generalized linear regression determined predictors of vitamins A, C, and E; iron; and zinc intakes. Results Almost half (49.0%) of the HIV-infected participants had CD4(+) T cells greater than or equal to500 cells/muL. After controlling for other factors, HIV-infected participants with CD4(+) T cells :500 had decreased iron intake (P<.05) and tended to be associated with lower intakes of vitamins C and E (P<.10) compared with those with more advanced disease and HIV-uninfected youths. Among those youths with CD4(+) T cells between 200 and 499 cells/muL, a high anxiety score was associated with a sixfold increase in vitamin A intake as compared with those with a low score. Applications/Conclusions Given the increased micronutrient requirements, nutrition counseling with HIV-infected youths should focus on early increase of intake of foods rich in micronutrients to improve growth, slow disease progression, and increase survival. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat & Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kruzich, LA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 220 Mackay Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lkruzich@iastate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI46183]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01-HD32830] NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 104 IS 7 BP 1095 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.04.021 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 833DB UT WOS:000222315500020 PM 15215767 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK AF Roughead, ZK TI Dietary protein and calcium: Are they friends or foes? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bone Hlth Lab, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Roughead, ZK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bone Hlth Lab, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 104 IS 7 BP A4 EP + PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 833DB UT WOS:000222315500006 ER PT J AU Mozersky, SM Wildermuth, RJ Marmer, WN AF Mozersky, SM Wildermuth, RJ Marmer, WN TI Immunochemical estimation of the decorin core-protein content of preparations of bovine decorin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SKIN; SULFATE AB An indirect sandwich ELISA procedure has been developed for estimation of the decorin core-protein content of preparations of bovine decorin. A mouse anti-bovine decorin antibody is used as the capture antibody, and a rabbit anti-bovine decorin antibody as the detecting antibody. Goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) labeled with horseradish peroxidase is used to react with the detecting antibody. The peroxidase substrate orthophenylenediamine (OPD), when exposed to the (bound) enzyme in the presence of peroxide, yields a soluble product with an absorbance maximum (in acidic medium) at 492 nm. The absorbance of the solution at this wavelength thus reflects the amount of decorin core-protein in the decorin preparation that is recognized by both the capture antibody and the detecting antibody. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mozersky, SM (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM smozersky@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 99 IS 7 BP 280 EP 284 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 839TQ UT WOS:000222808200002 ER PT J AU Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Kuan, JCW Shepherd, HS Tang, FQ Pepperman, AB AF Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Kuan, JCW Shepherd, HS Tang, FQ Pepperman, AB TI Production of linolenic acid in yeast cells expressing an omega-3 desaturase from tung (Aleurites fordii) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Aleurites fordii; linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid desaturase; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; tung oil ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Tung oil is an industrial drying oil containing ca. 90% PUFA. We previously reported on enzymes required for the synthesis of linoleic (6% of FA) and eleostearic (80%) acids and here describe the cloning and functional analysis of an omega-3 FA desaturase (FAD3) required for the synthesis of linolenic acid (1%). The lung FAD3 cDNA was identified by screening a lung seed cDNA library using the polymerase chain reaction and degenerate primers encoding conserved regions of the FAD3 enzyme family. Expression of this cDNA in yeast cells, cultured in the presence of linoleic acid, resulted in the synthesis and accumulation of linolenic acid, which accounted for up to 18% w/w of total cellular FA. Tung FAD3 activity was significantly affected by cultivation temperature, with the greatest amount of linolenic acid accumulating in yeast cells grown at 15degreesC. The amount of linolenic acid synthesized in yeast cells by lung FAD3 is ca. 10-fold higher than that observed by expression of a rapeseed (Brassica napus) FAD3 in yeast, suggesting that lung FAD3 might be useful for biotechnological production of omega-3 FA in transgenic organisms. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Dyer, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jdyer@srre.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 81 IS 7 BP 647 EP 651 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-956-x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 850JT UT WOS:000223607900004 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Elfving, DC Braden, L AF Drake, SR Elfving, DC Braden, L TI 'd'Anjou' pear fruit quality as influenced by paper wraps infused with inorganic and organic materials SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; ETHOXYQUIN; APPLES AB 'd'Anjou' pears wrapped in paper containing either 3, 6, or 9% oil with Copper & Ethoxyquin (Cu & E) or Biox A or E, packed after harvest and stored in regular atmosphere and controlled atmosphere storage, for periods not exceeding 120 days, maintained good quality. Storage of pears in paper containing diphenylamine (DPA) produced acceptable scores for appearance and finish, but some superficial scald occurred. Use of DPA, or DPA + Cu, in the paper wrap beyond 120 days of storage resulted in excessive damage in the form of scald. Quality of pears in wraps containing organic oils (lemon, clove, citronella) was approximately equivalent to use of dry paper and did not meet the quality of the industry standard wrap (3 % oil + Cu & E). If pears are to be held in long-term CA storage (210 days), only paper wraps containing 3 or 6 % oil + Cu & E should be considered. When packing pears, after loose storage in bins, the best quality fruit was obtained by wrapping the fruit in paper containing 3 % oil + Cu E. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Wrap Pack, Yakima, WA 98903 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AMER POMOLOG SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 838JP UT WOS:000222709800002 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Drake, SR Heidt, ML AF Hansen, JD Drake, SR Heidt, ML TI Cherry in rearing diet affects development of codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE; SWEET CHERRY; APPLE FRUIT; LARVAE AB The development of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) was compared on artificial diets that contained different proportions (from 0 to 50%) of fruit pulp from either 'Bing' or 'Chelan' cultivars of cherry, Prunus avium L. Frequency of adult emergence was inversely related to the proportion of cherry in the diet and the emergence rate was different for each cultivar. Fresh weights of adult females were not different across diet types, but fresh weights of adult males declined with increasing amount of cherry in the diet. Results suggest that cherry fruits contain chemicals that interfere with codling moth survival and development. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AMER POMOLOG SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 142 EP 146 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 838JP UT WOS:000222709800004 ER PT J AU Postman, JD AF Postman, JD TI An evergreen huckleberry industry near the Oregon coast early in the 20th century SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Postman, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AMER POMOLOG SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 147 EP 151 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 838JP UT WOS:000222709800005 ER PT J AU Black, BL AF Black, BL TI Prohexadione-calcium decreases fall runners and advances branch crowns of 'Chandler' strawberry in a cold-climate annual production system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria xananassa; plant growth regulator; GA; gibberellin synthesis inhibitor ID PLANT-GROWTH; PACLOBUTRAZOL; SUBSTANCES; APPLES AB Balancing vegetative growth with fruiting is a primary concern in strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) production. Where nursery plant selection and preconditioning are inadequate for runner control, additional approaches are needed. The gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor prohexadione-Ca (commercial formulation Apogee) was tested over two seasons for suppressing fall runners of 'Chandler' plug plants in a cold-climate annual hill production system. Prohexadione-Ca was applied as a foliar spray at active ingredient concentrations ranging from 60 to 480 mg(.)L(-1), either as a single application 1 week after planting, or repeated at 3-week intervals. The lowest rate resulted in inadequate runner control, with some runners producing malformed daughter plants. Higher rates resulted in 57 % to 93 % reductions in fall runner numbers, with a concomitant increase in fall branch crown formation. There were no effects of the prohexadione-Ca treatments on plant morphology the following spring, and no adverse effects on fruit characteristics or yield. Chemical names used: prohexadione-calcium, calcium 3-oxido-4-propionyl-5-oxo-3-cyclohexene-carboxylate. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Black, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM blackb@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Black, Brent/A-8822-2008 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 129 IS 4 BP 479 EP 485 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 832SI UT WOS:000222286900003 ER PT J AU Levi, A Thomas, CE Newman, M Reddy, OUK Zhang, X Xu, Y AF Levi, A Thomas, CE Newman, M Reddy, OUK Zhang, X Xu, Y TI ISSR and AFLP markers differ among American watermelon cultivars with limited genetic diversity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RAPD; DNA markers; germplasm evaluation; vegetable breeding; Citrullus lanatus ID DNA MARKERS; RAPD; L.; CUCURBITACEAE; PCR AB Wide phenotypic diversity exists among American heirloom cultivars of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus). However, in published studies, low or no polymorphism was revealed among those heirlooms using isozyme or randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. In this study, experiments with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) [also known as simple sequence repeat-(SSR-) anchored primers] and amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers produced high polymorphisms among watermelon heirloom cultivars. ISSR (111) and AFLP (118) markers (229 total) identified 80.2% to 97.8% genetic similarity among heirloom cultivars. The phylogenetic relations based on ISSR and AFLP markers are highly consistent with the parental records available for some of the heirloom cultivars, providing confidence in the dendogram constructed for heirlooms based on similarity values. As compared with RAPD markers, ISSRs and AFLPs are highly effective in differentiating among watermelon cultivars or elite lines with limited genetic diversity. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources & Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Alcorn State Univ, Ctr Plant Biotechnol & Genom, Lorman, MS 39096 USA. Syngenta Seeds, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China. RP Levi, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM alevi@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 129 IS 4 BP 553 EP 558 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 832SI UT WOS:000222286900015 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Henk, AD Richards, CM AF Volk, GM Henk, AD Richards, CM TI Genetic diversity among US garlic clones as detected using AFLP methods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium spp.; molecular marker; duplicate accessions ID RAPD MARKERS; CLASSIFICATION; ISOZYME AB Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been clonally propagated for thousands of years because it does not produce seed under standard cultivation conditions. A single garlic accession frequently displays a high degree of phenotypic plasticity that is likely to be dependent upon soil type, moisture, latitude, altitude, and cultural practices. The diversity observed by collectors has occasionally led to the renaming of varieties as they are exchanged among growers and gardeners. As a result, there are numerous garlic varieties available both commercially and within the USDA National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) that may be identical genotypically, yet have unique cultivar names. To address this possibility, we performed amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis on a comprehensive selection of 211 Allium sativum and Allium longicuspis accessions from NPGS and commercial sources. We used several statistical approaches to evaluate how these clonal lineages are genetically differentiated and how these patterns of differentiation correspond to recognized phenotypic classifications. These data suggest that while there are extensive duplications within the surveyed accessions, parsimony and distance based analyses reveal substantial diversity that is largely consistent with major phenotypic classes. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gvolk@lamar.colostate.edu RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 18 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 129 IS 4 BP 559 EP 569 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 832SI UT WOS:000222286900016 ER PT J AU Bai, JH Baldwin, EA Fortuny, RCS Mattheis, JP Stanley, R Perera, C Brecht, JK AF Bai, JH Baldwin, EA Fortuny, RCS Mattheis, JP Stanley, R Perera, C Brecht, JK TI Effect of pretreatment of intact 'Gala' apple with ethanol vapor, heat, or 1-methylcyclopropene on quality and shelf life of fresh-cut slices SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.; electronic nose; aroma volatiles; ethylene; respiration; acidity; firmness; sensory ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; ETHYLENE-FORMING ENZYME; GOLDEN-DELICIOUS APPLES; RIPENING TOMATO FRUIT; PYRUS-COMMUNIS L; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; MAINTAINING QUALITY; VOLATILE PRODUCTION; INHIBITION AB 'Gala' apples [Malus silvestris (L.) var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] were treated with ethanol vapor (5 mL(.)kg(-1) fruit for 24 hours at 25degreesC), heat (4 days at 38 degreesC and >98% RH), or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP; 1 or 0.625 muL(.)L(-1) for 18 hours at 20 C) before processing into slices, then dipped in anti-browning solutions or coatings, drained, and packaged in perforated polyethylene bags. Residual effects of pretreatments on fresh-cut slice physiological and quality attributes were investigated during storage for up to 19 days at 5.5 degreesC. Ethylene production was reduced by ethanol, heat, and 1-MCP pretreatments, while ethanol and heat also reduced slice respiration. Heat and 1-MCP pretreatments inhibited slice texture changes, while ethanol had no effect on instrumental texture measurements but reduced sensory firmness. Ethanol pretreatment increased the contents of ethanol and ethyl esters in slices but reduced acidity, while heat reduced both acidity and aroma volatile levels. Both ethanol and heat pretreatmenas led to lower sensory scores for apple flavor and ethanol-pretreated slices also received higher scores for altered flavor, although all scores were in the acceptable range. Slice acidity was best maintained by 1-MCP pretreatment. Shelf life based on appearance was 15 to 16 days for ethanol-pretreated slices and 12 days for heat-pretreated slices compared to that of control, which was 8 to 9 days, while 1-MCP pretreatment promoted decay development on the cut surface, which reduced the shelf life to 7 to 8 days. Obvious separations were determined between ethanol- and heat-pretreated slices and untreated control by canonical discriminant analysis of headspace volatile levels determined by GC and electronic nose. Therefore, pretreatments with ethanol and heat are very effective for prolonging visual shelf life at the expense of aroma quality. C1 Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. DSIR, Mt Albert Res Ctr, Hortres, Auckland, New Zealand. Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Baldwin, EA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. EM ebaldwin@citrus.usda.gov RI Stanley, Roger/A-9226-2011; Brecht, Jeffrey/B-2375-2013; OI Stanley, Roger/0000-0002-2279-5022; Perera, Conrad/0000-0001-9525-6962; Soliva-Fortuny, Robert/0000-0003-4573-4801 NR 66 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 129 IS 4 BP 583 EP 593 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 832SI UT WOS:000222286900019 ER PT J AU Clement, SL Elberson, LR Youssef, N Young, FL Evans, AA AF Clement, SL Elberson, LR Youssef, N Young, FL Evans, AA TI Cereal aphid and natural enemy populations in cereal production systems in eastern Washington SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SAMPLING METHODS; SPRING WHEAT; HOMOPTERA; COCCINELLIDAE; APHELINIDAE; BRACONIDAE AB A 5 yr study in the semiarid wheat production region of eastern Washington documented the relative densities of pest aphids and their natural enemies in cereal production systems using on-farm replicated plots. The systems were reduced-tillage soft white winter wheat (SWW) (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer fallow rotation; no-till soft white spring wheat (SWS)-chemical fallow rotation; continuous no-till hard red spring wheat (HRS); and no-till HRS-no-till spring barley (SB) (Hordeum vulgare L.) rotation. The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), was the dominant species, followed in abundance by the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). The bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), and rose grass aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Walter), were infrequently encountered. Overall, aphid densities were low, with aphids rare or absent in SWW and SB plots. The data revealed no clear and consistent effects of cereal production systems on aphid densities, but it did reveal, based on analysis of data from continuous RRS plots, high among-year variability in S. avenae and D. noxia densities. Only in 1996 and only in continuous HRS was it necessary to chemically control damaging populations of D. noxia. English grain aphid densities never approached threshold levels. S. avenae parasitism averaged >16% in some spring wheat systems in 1998 and 2000, while only two mummified D. noxia were observed. Coccinellid beetle counts in all plots totaled 143 in 1999 and 163 in 2000, with 90.2% and 94.5% in the genus Hippodamia, respectively. The ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata L. comprised 9.8% (1998) and 5.5% (2000) of the populations. The results suggest that damaging aphid populations are unlikely to develop in winter wheat, but populations in spring cereals warrant monitoring because they fluctuate from year-to-year and can be damaging. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Inst Agr & Environm Res, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Clement, SL (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Inst Agr & Environm Res, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 17 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 77 IS 3 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.2317/0311.19.1 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 844UW UT WOS:000223187300002 ER PT J AU Pitts, JP Parker, FD Pitts-Singer, TL AF Pitts, JP Parker, FD Pitts-Singer, TL TI A review of the Sphaeropthalma uro species-group (Hymenoptera : Mutillidae), with taxonomic changes SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE Sphaeropthalminae; wasp; velvet ant AB The subgenera Micromutilla Ashmead, 1899, Photopsioides Schuster, 1958, Photopsis Blake, 1886, Physetapsis Schuster, 1958, and Xenophotopsis Schuster, 1958 are junior synonyms of Sphaeropthalma Blake 1871. The single species previously placed in the subgenus Xenophotopsis is placed into the Sphaeropthalma orestes species-group. Species previously placed in the subgenus Physetapsis are placed into the Sphaeropthalma clara species-group. Species previously placed in the subgenera Sphaeropthalma and Photopsioides are placed into the Sphaeropthalma pensylvanica species-group and Sphaeropthalma uro species-group, respectively. A review of the males of Sphaeropthalma uro species-group is given. The females of Sphaeropthalma abdominalis (Blake) and S. amphion (Fox) are described. Forty-seven new host records and current distributional data are presented for the species of the Sphaeropthalma uro species-group. A key and illustrations are given for the males and known females of the Sphaeropthalma uro species-group. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Pitts, JP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 77 IS 3 BP 222 EP 234 DI 10.2317/0308.11.1 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 844UW UT WOS:000223187300008 ER PT J AU Farris-Lopez, K Denslow, JS Moser, B Passmore, H AF Farris-Lopez, K Denslow, JS Moser, B Passmore, H TI Influence of a common palm, Oenocarpus mapora, on seedling establishment in a tropical moist forest in Panama SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leaf litter; light availability; palms; seed size; shade tolerance ID CANOPY TREE REGENERATION; RAIN-FOREST; PLANT LITTER; DISPERSAL DISTANCE; GROWTH-RESPONSES; GUSTAVIA-SUPERBA; SHADE TOLERANCE; WET FORESTS; LEAF-LITTER; COSTA-RICA AB Plants often modify microsite conditions important for seedling establishment. In tropical moist forest, advance regeneration in the form of shade-suppressed seedlings is a major component of regrowth in new gaps. Tree seedlings may be filtered by the composition and structure of the forest understorey. In a lowland forest in Central Panama, we examined light availability, litter accumulation and the seedling community (abundance, diversity and composition) under and away from the canopies of a common subcanopy, clonal palm, Oenocarpus mapora, and tested whether seedling abundance varies as a function of changes in understorey light conditions and leaf litter depth. We found evidence that leaf litter was five times deeper and light availability 27% lower under O. mapora canopy than where it was absent. The probability of finding a seedling in plots under O. mapora canopies was 33% lower than in plots without the palm. Plots under O. mapora canopies also had 49% fewer species of seedlings and those seedlings came from significantly larger seeds than seedlings in plots not under the palm. Overall, seedling density was positively correlated with light availability and negatively correlated with leaf litter depth. A transplant experiment confirmed that for at least one large-seeded species of dicot, seedlings are negatively affected by the reduction in light availability and increase in leaf litter. Under O. mapora, seedlings of Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae) had lower survivorship and biomass accumulation than away from the palm. Thus, site conditions produced by large, clonal, multi-layered palms such as O. mapora may reduce establishment of small-seeded and shad e-in tolerant species, potentially affecting species composition in the understorey seedling pool. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA ARS, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Farris-Lopez, K (reprint author), 180 Sutton Rd, Bryson City, NC 28731 USA. EM kristalopez@yahoo.com NR 72 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1017/S0266467404001531 PN 4 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842EE UT WOS:000222985200008 ER PT J AU Wiegers, AL AF Wiegers, AL TI The quality assurance of proficiency testing programs for animal disease diagnostic laboratories SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Laboratory data credibility has 3 major components: 1) valid methods, 2) proficiency testing (PT) to verify that the analyst can conduct the method and to compare results of other laboratories using the same method, and 3) third-party accreditation to verify that the laboratory is competent to conduct testing and that the method validation has been done within the environment and requirements of an effective quality-management system. Participation in external PT programs by a laboratory is strongly recommended in International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission International Standard 17025. Most laboratory accreditation bodies using this standard require that laboratories participate in such programs to be accredited. Internal PT is also recommended for each analyst. Benchmarking, or comparison between laboratories using PT or reference materials, is also recommended as part of the validation and evaluation of test methods. These requirements emphasize the need for proficiency test providers to demonstrate their competence. Requirements for competence are documented in national and international standards and guidelines, and accreditation is available for providers. This article discusses the activities and the components that are necessary and recommended for PT projects and programs for animal disease diagnostic testing. These are based on the requirements of the national and international standards, which address this subject, and on the experience of the author. The accreditation of external PT programs is also discussed. Organizations that accredit PT providers or that provide PT programs are listed. Existing references, guidelines, and standards that are relevant to PT in veterinary diagnostic laboratories are discussed. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol Policy Evaluat & Licensing, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wiegers, AL (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol Policy Evaluat & Licensing, 510 S 17th St,Suite 104, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 255 EP 263 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 873TE UT WOS:000225303100001 PM 15305734 ER PT J AU Long, BC Goldberg, TL Swenson, SL Erickson, G Scherba, G AF Long, BC Goldberg, TL Swenson, SL Erickson, G Scherba, G TI Adaptation and limitations of established hemagglutination inhibition assays for the detection of porcine anti-swine influenza virus H1N2 antibodies SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; UNITED-STATES; A VIRUSES; PIGS AB Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) has been a reliable method for determining porcine antibody levels to the well-characterized swine influenza virus (SIV) H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes. However, the recent emergence of the novel H1N2 serotype of SIV and the persistence of 2 other serotypes (H1N1 and H3N2) in the United States swine population represents a significant challenge to diagnostics. Both standardized and modified HI protocols were used in a blinded study to examine a collection of 50 control sera representing a total of 12 swine that were experimentally inoculated with one of the 3 SIV subtypes. Using these control sera data, a statistical basis for analysis was established in an attempt to classify 30 field sera with known case histories or seroprevalance into SIV serotype categories. By this approach 57% of the field sera could be classified into specific categories. The remaining samples that could not be classified reliably were most likely composed of heterogeneous anti-SIV antibody populations. These results indicate that although serological differentiation might be possible in a controlled environment, applications of these methods to field samples are currently problematic. Approaches other than HI will be required to fulfill the current need for SIV diagnostics and surveillance when specific serotype identification is required. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Univ Illinois, Vet Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Rolands Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Raleigh, NC 27605 USA. RP Scherba, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 264 EP 270 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 873TE UT WOS:000225303100002 PM 15305735 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Miller, JM Cutlip, RC Kunkle, RA Jenny, AL Stack, MJ Chaplin, MJ Richt, JA AF Hamir, AN Miller, JM Cutlip, RC Kunkle, RA Jenny, AL Stack, MJ Chaplin, MJ Richt, JA TI Transmission of sheep scrapie to elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) by intracerebral inoculation: final outcome of the experiment SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; ABNORMAL PRION PROTEIN; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; CAPTIVE MULE DEER; CATTLE; AGENT; DIAGNOSIS AB This is a final report of an experimental transmission of sheep scrapie agent by intracerebral inoculation to Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). It documents results obtained in experimental (n = 6) and control (n = 2) elk. During the first 2 years postinoculation (PI), 3 animals died or were euthanized because of infection or injuries other than spongiform encephalopathy (SE). In years 3 and 4 PI, 3 other inoculated elk died after brief terminal neurological episodes. Necropsy of these animals revealed moderate weight loss but no other gross lesions. Microscopically, characteristic lesions of SE were seen throughout the brain and spinal cord, and the tissue was positive for proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrPres) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and by Western blot. Scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF) were observed by negative-stain electron microscopy in the brain of elk with neurologic signs. PrPres and SAF were not detected in the 3 inoculated elk necropsied during the first 2 years or in the 2 control animals. Retrospective analysis of the gene-encoding cervid PrP revealed a polymorphism at codon 132. The elk with SE were either homozygous (MM) or heterozygous (LM). These findings confirm that intracerebral inoculation of sheep scrapie agent results in SE with accumulations of PrPres in the central nervous system of elk. Based on morphologic and IHC findings, the experimentally induced SE cannot be distinguished from chronic wasting disease of elk with currently available diagnostic techniques. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Natl Vet Serv Lab, Pathobiol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Vet Labs Agcy, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Chaplin, Melanie/C-7218-2011; Stack, Michael/C-7590-2011 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 316 EP 321 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 873TE UT WOS:000225303100010 PM 15305743 ER PT J AU Elsheikha, HM Fitzgerald, SD Rosenthal, BM Mansfield, LS AF Elsheikha, HM Fitzgerald, SD Rosenthal, BM Mansfield, LS TI Concurrent presence of Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts, Besnoitia darlingi tissue cysts, and Sarcocystis inghami sarcocysts in naturally infected opossums (Didelphis virginiana) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID N. SP PROTOZOA; FALCATULA AB Opossums (Didelphis virginiana) are exposed to a wide range of coccidia through feeding on a variety of foods, including, but not limited to, carrion, insects, and nestling birds. Abundant D. virginiana populations in urban and suburban areas can be important reservoirs of parasitic infection because of their profuse and prolonged excretion of the sporocysts of several species of Sarcocystis, their omnivorous diet, and their relatively long life span. This report describes 2 adult female opossums found to be simultaneously infected with the tissue cysts of Besnoitia darlingi, sarcocysts of Sarcocystis inghami, as well as with the intestinal sporocysts of S. neurona. Cysts typical of B. darlingi based on gross, histological, and ultrastructural characteristics were disseminated throughout the visceral organs, musculature, ears, and skin. The S. neurona and B. darlingi infections were confirmed by comparative sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified diagnostic genetic loci. Sarcocysts of S. inghami are also described. Such examples of multiple parasitic infections show that concurrent infections occur naturally. The propensity for species to coexist should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tissue cyst-forming coccidian protozoa and may have important epidemiological and evolutionary implications. C1 Michigan State Univ, Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr B43, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dignost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Elsheikha, HM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr B43, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. OI Mansfield, Linda S./0000-0002-7523-7577; Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 352 EP 356 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 873TE UT WOS:000225303100019 PM 15305752 ER PT J AU Nol, P Rocke, TE Gross, K Yuill, TM AF Nol, P Rocke, TE Gross, K Yuill, TM TI Prevalence of neurotoxic Clostridium botulinum type C in the gastrointestinal tracts of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in the Salton Sea SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian botulism; Clostridium botulinum type C; Oreochroinis mossambicus; polymerase chain reaction; Salton Sea; tilapia ID AVIAN BOTULISM; FISH; CALIFORNIA; WETLANDS; ASSAY; WATER AB Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) have been implicated as the source of type C toxin in avian botulism outbreaks in pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) at the Salton Sea in southern California (USA). We collected sick, dead, and healthy fish from various sites throughout the Sea during the summers of 1999 through 2001 and tested them for the presence of Clostridium botulinum type C cells by polymerase chain reaction targeting the C, neurotoxin gene. Four of 96 (4%), 57 of 664 (9%), and five of 355 (1%) tilapia tested were positive for C. botulinum type C toxin gene in 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. The total number of positive fish was significantly greater in 2000 than in 2001 (P<0.0001). No difference in numbers of positives was detected between sick and dead fish compared with live fish. In 2000, no significant relationships were revealed among the variables studied, such as location and date of collection. C1 USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Nol, P (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM pauline.nol@aphis.usda.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 414 EP 419 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 856IA UT WOS:000224037700005 PM 15465707 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Rhyan, J Gidlewski, T Goff, J Stoffregen, WC AF Olsen, SC Rhyan, J Gidlewski, T Goff, J Stoffregen, WC TI Safety of Brucella abortus strain RB51 in black bears SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE biosafety; Brucella; RB51; serology; Ursus americanus; vaccine ID VACCINE; CATTLE; INFECTION; RESPONSES; EFFICACY; ASSAY; GENE AB In two studies conducted from October 1999 to March 2000 and December 2000 to April 2001, adult black bears (Ursus americanus) were orally inoculated with 1.4-3.1X10(10) colony-forming units (CFU) of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51, n = 12) or 2 ml of 0.15 M NaCl solution (saline, n=11). We did not detect a difference (P>0.05) in antibody titers to SRB51 in serum obtained before vaccination, at 8 wk after vaccination, or at necropsy at 21 or 23 wk after vaccination between SRB51-vaccinated and nonvaccinated bears. The SRB51. vaccine strain was recovered from tissues obtained at necropsy from one of six SRB51-vaccinated bears in study 1, but none of the six SRB51-vaccinated bears in study 2. Vaccination of black bears with SRB51 did not appear to influence (P>0.05) reproductive performance. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Pathol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM solsen@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 429 EP 433 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 856IA UT WOS:000224037700007 PM 15465709 ER PT J AU McKelvey, KS Schwartz, MK AF McKelvey, KS Schwartz, MK TI Genetic errors associated with population estimation using non-invasive molecular tagging: Problems and new solutions SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE allele; binomial; capture; DNA; dropout; estimation; genetic; genotyping; mark; microsatellite; molecular tagging; non-invasive; population ID INDIVIDUAL INBREEDING COEFFICIENTS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DNA; RELATEDNESS; SAMPLES; SIZE; HAIR; GENOTYPES; CANADA AB The use of non-invasive DNA-based sampling is becoming increasingly popular. However, the misidentification of individuals due to genotyping error (primarily allelic dropout) is a critical problem, especially when using individuals in the capture-mark-recapture (CMR) approach to estimate population size. We propose 2 simple and cost-effective tests, Examining Bimodality (EB) and Difference in Capture History (DCH), to determine whether a sample contains genotyping errors and the relative magnitude of the problem. These tests formalize currently used approaches for identifying genotyping errors. We evaluate the efficacy of these tests using simulated CMR data. Results show that both tests are effective at detecting genotyping errors and provide a strong indication of whether the data are error free. The EB and DCH tests apply to data in which multiple samples are associated with individuals, such as those generated by CMR sampling. Managers need to be able to identify and eliminate genotyping errors to produce population estimates that are both unbiased and scientifically defensible. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP McKelvey, KS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM kmckelvey@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 36 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0439:GEAWPE]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 841AM UT WOS:000222901700001 ER PT J AU McKelvey, KS Schwartz, MK AF McKelvey, KS Schwartz, MK TI Providing reliable and accurate genetic capture-mark-recapture estimates in a cost-effective way SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE allele; binomial; capture; DNA; dropout; estimation; genetic; genotyping; mark; microsatellite; molecular tagging; non-invasive; population ID DNA; SAMPLES; CHIMPANZEES; RELIABILITY; HAIR AB Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) estimates assume no misidentification of individuals captured and are extremely sensitive to identification errors. A large body of published literature has demonstrated that non-invasively derived genetic tags are error-prone, and the potential biases associated with these errors are large. We provided methods to reduce and evaluate these errors. Paetkau (2004, this issue), in his comments concerning our paper, argues that no formal, statistical error testing is necessary and that good laboratory practices are sufficient to remove all error. However, he provides only anecdotal evidence that this is the case. Given the presence of a variety of errors in genetic tags and the potential for large biases associated with these errors, we argue that scientific norms require formal tests to demonstrate the absence of errors. The primary purpose of our study was to provide such tests in a manner that is not cost-prohibitive. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP McKelvey, KS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM kmckelvey@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 453 EP 456 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0453:PRAAGC]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 841AM UT WOS:000222901700003 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Truex, RL Schmidt, GA Schlexer, FV Schmidt, KN Barrett, RH AF Zielinski, WJ Truex, RL Schmidt, GA Schlexer, FV Schmidt, KN Barrett, RH TI Resting habitat selection by fishers in California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California; fisher; habitat selection; Martes pennanti; resting sites ID MARTES-PENNANTI; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; FORESTS; WINTER; SCALE AB We studied the resting habitat ecology of fishers (Martes pennanti) in 2 disjunct populations in California, USA: the northwestern coastal mountains (hereafter, Coastal) and the southern Sierra Nevada (hereafter, Sierra). We described resting structures and compared features surrounding resting structures (the resting site) with those at randomly selected sites that also were centered on a large structure. We developed Resource Selection Functions (RSFs) using logistic regression to model selection of resting sites within home ranges, and we evaluated alternative models using an information-theoretic approach. Forty-five fishers were radiomarked, resulting in 599 resting locations. Standing trees (live and dead) were the most common resting structures, with California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) and Douglas-fir (Psuedotsuga menziesii) the most frequent species in the Sierra and Coastal study areas, respectively. Resting structures were among the largest diameter trees available, averaging 117.3 +/- 45.2 (mean +/- SE) cm for live conifers, 119.8 +/- 45.3 for conifer snags, and 69.0 +/- 24.7 for hardwoods. Females used cavity structures more often than males, while males used platform structures significantly more than females. The diversity of types and sizes of rest structures used by males suggested that males were less selective than females. In the Sierra study area, where surface water was less common, we found almost twice as many resting sites as random points within 100 m of water. Multivariate regression analysis resulted in the selection of RSFs for 4 subsets of the data: all individuals, Sierra only, Coastal only, and females only. The top model for the combined analysis indicated that fishers in California select sites for resting with a combination of dense canopies, large maximum tree sizes, and steep slopes. In the Sierra study area, the presence of nearby water and the contribution of hardwoods were more important model parameters than in the Coastal area, where the presence of large conifer snags was an important predictor. Based on our results, managers can maintain resting habitat for fishers by favoring the retention of large trees and the recruitment of trees that achieve the largest sizes. Maintaining dense canopy in the vicinity of large trees, especially if structural diversity is increased, will improve the attractiveness of these large trees to fishers. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Six Rivers Natl Forest, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bzielinski@fs.fed.us NR 73 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 475 EP 492 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0475:RHSBFI]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 841AM UT WOS:000222901700006 ER PT J AU Krebs, J Lofroth, E Copeland, J Banci, V Cooley, D Golden, H Magoun, A Mulders, R Shults, B AF Krebs, J Lofroth, E Copeland, J Banci, V Cooley, D Golden, H Magoun, A Mulders, R Shults, B TI Synthesis of survival rates and causes of mortality in North American wolverines SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Gulo gulo; harvest management; mortality sources; North America; refugia; survival rates; wolverine ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GRIZZLY BEARS; GULO-GULO; POPULATIONS; MOUNTAINS; MONTANA; HARVEST AB Understanding population vital rates is fundamental to the evaluation of conservation options for wolverines (Gulo gulo). We estimated survival rates and causes of wolverine mortality in trapped and untrapped populations within montane, boreal, and tundra environments using data from 12 North American radiotelemetry studies conducted between 1972 and 2001. Rates were based on data for 62 mortalities of 239 radiomarked wolverines. Mortalities included 22 wolverines that were trapped or hunted, 3 road or rail killed, 11 that were predated, 18 that starved, and 8 deaths of unknown cause. Annual survivorship rates were estimated for sex and age class using Kaplan-Meier staggered-entry techniques. Survival was substantially lower in trapped (<0.75 for all age-sex classes) than in untrapped (>0.84 for all age-sex classes) populations. Human-caused mortality was mostly additive to natural mortality for wolverines in a management context. Logistic growth rate estimates indicated that trapped populations would decline (lambda congruent to 0.88) in the absence of immigration from untrapped populations (lambda congruent to 1.06). We recommend a system of spatial harvest controls in northern, continuous populations of wolverines and reduction of harvest along with more spatially explicit conservation measures in southern metapopulations. C1 Columbia Basin Fish & Wildlife Compensat Program, Nelson, BC V1L 4K3, Canada. Minist Water Land & Air Protect, Biodivers Branch, Stn Provincial Govt, Victoria, BC V8W 9M1, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. V Banci Consulting Serv, Maple Ridge, BC V2X 3V6, Canada. Renewable Resources Fish & Wildlife Branch, Dawson City, YT Y0B 1G0, Canada. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. Wildlife Res & Management, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. Govt NWT, Wildlife & Econ Dev, Wildlife & Fisheries Div, Yellowknife, NT X1A 3S8, Canada. Natl Pk Serv, Western Arctic Natl Parklands, Kotzebue, AK 99752 USA. RP Krebs, J (reprint author), Columbia Basin Fish & Wildlife Compensat Program, 103-33 Victoria St, Nelson, BC V1L 4K3, Canada. EM john.krebs@bchydro.bc.ca NR 44 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 493 EP 502 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0493:SOSRAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 841AM UT WOS:000222901700007 ER PT J AU Bart, J Burnham, KP Dunn, EH Francis, CM Ralph, CJ AF Bart, J Burnham, KP Dunn, EH Francis, CM Ralph, CJ TI Goals and strategies for estimating trends in landbird abundance SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birds; monitoring; North American Breeding Bird Survey; population trends; surveys; trend estimation ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; POPULATION TRENDS; MODEL AB Reliable estimates of trends in population size are critical to effective management of landbirds. We propose a standard for considering that landbird populations are adequately monitored: 80% power to detect a 50% decline occurring within 20 years, using a 2-tailed test and a significance level of 0.10, and incorporating effects of potential bias. Our standard also requires that at least two-thirds of the target region be covered by the monitoring program. We recommend that the standard be achieved for species' entire ranges or for any area one-third the size of the temperate portions of Canada and the United States, whichever is smaller. We applied our approach to North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. At present, potential annual bias for the BBS is estimated at +/-0.008. Further, the BBS achieves the monitoring standard for only about 42% of landbirds for which the BBS is considered the most effective monitoring approach. Achieving the proposed monitoring target for greater than or equal to80% of these species would require increasing the number of BBS-or similar survey-routes by several-fold, a goal that probably is impractical. We suggest several methods for reducing potential bias and argue that if our methods are implemented, potential bias would fall to +/-0.003. The required number of BBS or similar routes would then be 5,106, about 40% more than in the current BBS program. Most of the needed increases are in 15 states or provinces. Developing a comprehensive landbird monitoring program will require increased support for coordination of the BBS (currently 2 people) and new programs for species that are poorly covered at present. Our results provide a quantitative goal for long-term landbird monitoring and identify the sample sizes needed, within each state and province, to achieve the monitoring goal for most of the roughly 300 landbird species that are well suited to monitoring with the BBS and similar surveys. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Bart, J (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jbart@eagle.boisestate.edu NR 31 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 611 EP 626 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0611:GASFET]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 841AM UT WOS:000222901700021 ER PT J AU Blackwell, BF Bernhardt, GE AF Blackwell, BF Bernhardt, GE TI Efficacy of aircraft landing lights in stimulating avoidance behavior in birds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aircraft landing lights; avoidance behavior; bird strike; pulse frequency; wavelength ID COLOR PATTERNS; CANADA GEESE AB Aircraft collisions with wildlife (primarily birds) are costly in terms of injury or loss of human life, loss of the animals involved, damage to property and business, and the use of lethal control of wildlife at airports worldwide. One potential nonlethal technique to reduce bird-aircraft collisions-pulsed white and wavelength-specific aircraft-mounted light-has been considered for nearly 3 decades, but the efficacy of the technique has not been evaluated quantitatively. We tested the hypothesis that during daylight, captive birds exposed to an approaching ground-based vehicle exhibiting pulsing 250-W white aircraft landing lights would initiate avoidance behavior more quickly than birds experiencing an oncoming vehicle with nonpulsing (steady) or no lights (control). In experiments involving captive brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), Canada geese (Branta canadensis), European starlings (Sturnis vulgaris), herring gulls (Larus argentatus), and mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), only cowbirds exhibited a response to the landing lights, but not consistently. Specifically, cowbird groups (9 groups/treatment, 6 birds/group) responded more quickly to pulse versus control treatments, equating to a greater distance ((x) over bar +/- SE) of the approaching vehicle from mid-cage per reacting bird (control: 35.8 +/- 9.7 m, pulse: 50.5 +/- 10.9 m; P = 0.015). However, in a subsequent experiment involving the exposure of cowbirds to control, pulse, and steady-light treatments, we observed no difference in response among treatment groups. Although 250-W white landing lights pulsed at 45 cycles/min influenced behavior of captive birds in response to an oncoming ground-based vehicle, the avoidance response was inconsistent across experiments with cowbirds, and we observed little or no avoidance behavior in experiments with other species. We suggest that further research is needed to investigate avian response to specific light wavelengths and pulse frequencies. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM bradley.f.blackwell@aphis.usda.gov NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0725:EOALLI]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 841AM UT WOS:000222901700032 ER PT J AU Jin, YS Jeffries, TW AF Jin, YS Jeffries, TW TI Stoichiometric network constraints on xylose metabolism by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO METABOLIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE flux balance analysis; extreme pathways; metabolic phenotype ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PICHIA-STIPITIS; ETHANOLIC FERMENTATION; XYLITOL DEHYDROGENASE; SYSTEMS PROPERTIES; PRODUCT FORMATION; OPTIMAL-GROWTH; D-XYLULOKINASE; FLUX ANALYSIS; ISOMERASE AB Metabolic pathway engineering is constrained by the thermodynamic and stoichiometric feasibility of enzymatic activities of introduced genes. Engineering of xylose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has focused on introducing genes for the initial xylose assimilation steps from Pichia stipitis, a xylose-fermenting yeast, into S. cerevisiae, a yeast traditionally used in ethanol production from hexose. However, recombinant S. cerevisiae created in several laboratories have used xylose oxidatively rather than in the fermentative manner that this yeast metabolizes glucose. To understand the differences between glucose and engineered xylose metabolic networks, we performed a flux balance analysis (FBA) and calculated extreme pathways using a stoichiometric model that describes the biochemistry of yeast cell growth. FBA predicted that the ethanol yield from xylose exhibits a maximum under oxygen-limited conditions, and a fermentation experiment confirmed this finding. Fermentation results were largely consistent with in silico phenotypes based on calculated extreme pathways, which displayed several phases of metabolic phenotype with respect to oxygen availability from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. However, in contrast to the model prediction, xylitol production continued even after the optimum aeration level for ethanol production was attained. These results suggest that oxygen (or some other electron accepting system) is required to resolve the redox imbalance caused by cofactor difference between xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase, and that other factors limit glycolytic flux when xylose is the sole carbon source. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM twjeffri@wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Jin, Yong-Su/L-4530-2013 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; NR 52 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7176 J9 METAB ENG JI Metab. Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 6 IS 3 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.ymben.2003.11.006 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 841NV UT WOS:000222938200008 PM 15256213 ER PT J AU Ackermann, MR Gallup, JA Zabner, J Evans, RB Brockus, CW Meyerholz, DK Grubor, B Brogden, KA AF Ackermann, MR Gallup, JA Zabner, J Evans, RB Brockus, CW Meyerholz, DK Grubor, B Brogden, KA TI Differential expression of sheep beta-defensin-1 and -2 and interleukin 8 during acute Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial peptides; innate immunity; interleukin-8; Mannheimia haemolytica; pneumonia; sheep beta-defensin ID TRACHEAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; BETA-DEFENSINS; HOST DEFENSES; CALVES; TRACT; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AB Beta-defensins are antimicrobial peptides produced by several cell types, including respiratory epithelia and leukocytes. Expression of some beta-defensins is increased by bacterial-induced inflammatory responses whereas expression of other beta-defensins is constitutive. Two beta-defensins are expressed in lungs of sheep (sheep beta-defensin-1 and -2; SBD-1/-2) and expression of SBD-1 is increased during parainfluenza virus type 3 (PI-3) infection. The effect of Mannheimia haemolytica, a Gram-negative bacteria known to induce expression of bovine beta-defensins and NF-kappa B in lung, has not been determined for SBD-1/-2. In this study, different concentrations of M. haemolytica were inoculated into pulmonary bronchi of lambs. SBD-1 and SBD-2 mRNA levels detected by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in lung homogenates did not increase. In fact, SBD-1 mRNA levels were significantly. decreased with the highest administered inoculum concentration (109). In contrast, mRNA levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) were significantly increased over controls and progressively increased with M. haemolytica concentrations. Co-inoculation of M. haemolytica with xylitol, an osmotic agent, did not alter mRNA levels of SBD-1, SBD-2 or IL-8. SBD-1 mRNA expression was detected in lung epithelia, but not in leukocytes. This study suggests that SDB-1 expression occurs in epithelia and decreases during severe bacterial pneumonia, which is in contrast to the increase that occurs with PI-3 infection. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ackermann, MR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, 2738 Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mackerma@iastate.edu NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 37 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2004.04.003 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 834UN UT WOS:000222436500003 PM 15194156 ER PT J AU Kovaleva, ES Masler, EP Skantar, AM Chitwood, DJ AF Kovaleva, ES Masler, EP Skantar, AM Chitwood, DJ TI Novel matrix metalloproteinase from the cyst nematodes Heterodera glycines and Globodera rostochiensis SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caenorhabditis elegans; Globodera rostochiensis; hatching; Heterodera glycines; intron; matrixin; metalloproteinase; nematode ID HATCHING ENZYME; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE; EXPRESSION; FAMILY; ZINC; AMINOPEPTIDASE; ELEGANS; PROTEIN C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chitwood, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chitwood@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 136 IS 1 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.03.001 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 825SR UT WOS:000221779100011 PM 15138072 ER PT J AU Li, CJ Vassilev, A DePamphilis, ML AF Li, CJ Vassilev, A DePamphilis, ML TI Role for Cdk1 (Cdc2)/cyclin A in preventing the mammalian origin recognition complex's largest subunit (Orc1) from binding to chromatin during mitosis SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EUKARYOTIC DNA-REPLICATION; CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES; XENOPUS EGG EXTRACTS; CELL-CYCLE; PROTEIN-KINASE; RE-REPLICATION; CDC2 MUTANT; IN-VITRO; S-PHASE; INITIATION AB The eukaryotic origin recognition complex (ORC) selects the genomic sites where prereplication complexes are assembled and DNA replication begins. In proliferating mammalian cells, ORC activity appears to be regulated by reducing the affinity of the Orc1 subunit for chromatin during S phase and then preventing reformation of a stable ORC-chromatin complex until mitosis is completed and a nuclear membrane is assembled. Here we show that part of the mechanism by which this is accomplished is the selective association of Orc1 with Cdk1 (Cdc2)/cyclin A during the G(2)/M phase of cell division. This association accounted for the appearance in M-phase cells of hyperphosphorylated Orc1 that was subsequently dephosphorylated during the M-to-G, transition. Moreover, inhibition of Cdk activity in metaphase cells resulted in rapid binding of Orc1 to chromatin. However, chromatin binding was not mediated through increased affinity of Orc1 for Orc2, suggesting that additional events are involved in the assembly of functional ORC-chromatin sites. These results reveal that the same cyclin-dependent protein kinase that initiates mitosis in mammalian cells also concomitantly inhibits assembly of functional ORC-chromatin sites. C1 NICHHD, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP DePamphilis, ML (reprint author), NICHHD, Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 6-416,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM depamphm@mail.nih.gov NR 68 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 24 IS 13 BP 5875 EP 5886 DI 10.1128/MCB.24.13.5875-5886.2004 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 830UL UT WOS:000222149200023 PM 15199143 ER PT J AU Bassett, CL Nickerson, ML Farrell, RE Harrison, M AF Bassett, CL Nickerson, ML Farrell, RE Harrison, M TI Multiple transcripts of a gene for a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase from morning glory (Ipomoea nil) originate from different TATA boxes in a tissue-specific manner SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE transcription initiation; TATA element; upstream open reading frames (uORFs); RNA ligase-mediated (RLM)-5 ' RACE; translational control ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; MESSENGER-RNA; INITIATION SITES; PROMOTER ELEMENT; BINDING PROTEIN; MAIZE; TRANSLATION; SEQUENCES; EXPRESSION; DNA AB TATA boxes are the most common regulatory elements found in the promoters of eukaryotic genes because they are associated with basal transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II. Often only a single TATA element is found in a given promoter, and tissue-, stage- and/or stimulus-specific expression occurs because the TATA box is associated with other cis -acting elements that enhance or repress transcription. We used software tools for gene analysis to assist in locating potential TATA box(es) in an AT-rich region of the promoter of a gene, inrpk1, which codes for a leucine-rich receptor protein kinase in morning glory (Ipomoea nil). Through the use of RT-PCR and various combinations of forward primers bracketing most of the promoter region we were able to define the 5'-ends of transcripts in this region. The region was then targeted for analysis by RNA Ligase-Mediated-5' Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RLM-5' RACE) to identify the transcript initiation site(s). Positioning of initiation sites with respect to TATA boxes identified by gene analysis tools allowed us to identify three operational TATA elements which regulate basal transcription from this gene. Two TATA boxes were responsible for all of the inrpk1 transcripts found in leaves and cotyledons, and about 25-30% of the transcripts in roots. A third TATA box was involved only in expression in roots and accounted for the remaining 50-70% of root transcripts. RNAs expressed from this element lack two potentially functional upstream AUG codons, and may be translated more efficiently than transcripts originating from the other TATA boxes. C1 ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NCI, Immunobiol Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, York, PA 17403 USA. Marshall Univ, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. RP Bassett, CL (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cbassett@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD JUL PY 2004 VL 271 IS 6 BP 752 EP 760 DI 10.1007/s00438-004-1031-7 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 837YJ UT WOS:000222677100012 PM 15221460 ER PT J AU Pitt, WM Goodwin, SB Ash, GJ Cother, NJ Cother, EJ AF Pitt, WM Goodwin, SB Ash, GJ Cother, NJ Cother, EJ TI Plectosporium alismatis comb. nov a new placement for the Alismataceae pathogen Rhynchosporium alismatis SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DAMASONIUM-MINUS; CONIDIAL PRODUCTION; MYCOHERBICIDE; INFECTIVITY; TABACINUM; FUNGUS; GERMINATION; LANCEOLATUM; SEQUENCES; BARLEY AB The phytopathogen Rhynchosporium alismatis, occurring on Alisma, Sagittaria and other genera in the Alismataceae, is under investigation as a mycoherbicide for alismataceous weeds in Australian rice crops. The type species of Rhynchosporium, R. secalis, belongs in the Helotiales while the phylogenetic relationships of R. alismatis were unknown. To identify fungi related to R. alismatis, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (ITS1, 5.8S rRNA gene, ITS2) of 56 isolates was sequenced and compared to those available in databases. Analysis of ITS sequences revealed close relationships between R. alismatis and the teleomorph genus Plectosphaerella, as well as several anamorphic fungi which were primarily species of Verticillium. Rhynchosporium alismatis and Plectosphaerella cucumerina clustered together with 98 % bootstrap support. Morphological comparisons supported this relationship indicating that R. alismatis and the anamorphic genus Plectosporium are congeneric. Rhynchosporium alismatis is transferred to Plectosporium, a name proposed for conservation. C1 Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Agr, Farrer Ctr, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. Purdue Univ, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. New S Wales Agr, Agr Res Inst, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia. RP Pitt, WM (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon Res Ctr, 107 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK SKS7N 0X2, Canada. EM pittw@agr.gc.ca RI Ash, Gavin/B-9749-2011 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 108 BP 775 EP 780 DI 10.1017/S0953756204000541 PN 7 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 851SH UT WOS:000223705100006 PM 15446710 ER PT J AU Allain-Boule, N Tweddell, R Mazzola, M Belanger, R Levesque, CA AF Allain-Boule, N Tweddell, R Mazzola, M Belanger, R Levesque, CA TI Pythium attrantheridium sp nov.: taxonomy and comparison with related species SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CAVITY SPOT; APPLE ROOTS; POLYMORPHISMS; PATHOGENS; CARROTS; REGION AB Pythium attrantheridium sp. nov. is a new species isolated from cavity spot lesions of carrots as well as apple and cherry seedlings from various locations widely distributed in Canada and the USA. This fungus is closely related to the heterothallic P. intermedium, but is distinguished by: (1) unique molecular characteristics; (2) unique morphological characteristics; and (3) mating incompatibility with P. intermedium. The ITS region of the nuclear rDNA of all strains of P. attrantheridium studied is different from that of all other known Pythium spp. The oogonia attract a large number of antheridia when compatible mating types contact each other. The positive mating type produces zoospores unlike those of P. intermedium. Thus, biological, morphological and molecular data support the recognition of a new species. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Hort, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Levesque, CA (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM LevesqueCA@agr.gc.ca NR 20 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 108 BP 795 EP 805 DI 10.1017/S095375620400053X PN 7 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 851SH UT WOS:000223705100009 PM 15446713 ER PT J AU Proctor, RH Plattner, RD Brown, DW Seo, JA Lee, YW AF Proctor, RH Plattner, RD Brown, DW Seo, JA Lee, YW TI Discontinuous distribution of fumonisin biosynthetic genes in the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM SECTION LISEOLA; MATING POPULATION; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; MONILIFORME; B-1; SUBGLUTINANS; MYCOTOXINS; OXYSPORUM; PIGMENTS; STRAINS AB Production of the carcinogenic mycotoxins fumonisins has been reported in several Fusarium species, most of which are members of the Gibberella fujikuroi (Gf) complex. In this study, we examined 15 Fusarium species in the Gf complex and 12 other species for fumonisin production and the presence of fumonisin biosynthetic genes (FUM). Among the species within the Gf complex, fumonisin production was detected only in F. fujikfuroi, F. globosum, F. proliferatum, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum and F. verticillioides. These five species include members of two of the three major clades delineated in the Gf complex. The FUM genes were detected in these same five species and in F. anthophilum, a member of the third clade. Among the species outside the Gf complex, fumonisin production and FUM genes were detected only in F. oxysporum. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences from two FUM gene fragments inferred relationships similar but not identical to those inferred from previous analyses of other genes. The results indicate the FUM genes are discontinuously distributed in the Qf complex and that this distribution gives rise to the differences in the abilities of closely related Fusarium species to produce fumonisins. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Proctor, RH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM proctorh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 39 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 108 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.1017/S0953756204000577 PN 7 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 851SH UT WOS:000223705100011 PM 15446715 ER PT J AU Hernadez, JR Aime, MC Newbry, B AF Hernadez, JR Aime, MC Newbry, B TI Aecidium kalanchoe sp nov., a new rust on Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (Crassulaceae) SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A rust fungus found on cultivars of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (Crassulaceae) is described as a new species, Aecidium kalanchoe sp. nov., and compared to the other described rusts on members of the Crassulaceae. Only one other rust is known to parasitize Kalanchoe spp. A DNA sequence of A. kalanchoe suggests that the teleomorph is related to Puccinia. C1 ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Idaho State Dept Agr, Div Plant Ind, Twin Falls, ID 83301 USA. RP Hernadez, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jose@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 108 BP 846 EP 848 DI 10.1017/S0953756204000681 PN 7 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 851SH UT WOS:000223705100015 PM 15446719 ER PT J AU Lord, JC Howard, RW AF Lord, JC Howard, RW TI A proposed role for the cuticular fatty amides of Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera : Liposcelidae) in preventing adhesion of entomopathogenic fungi with dry-conidia SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Psocoptera; cuticular lipids; entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; Oryzaephilus surinamensis; fungal adhesion ID ORYZAEPHILUS-SURINAMENSIS COLEOPTERA; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; MONILIALES; ATTACHMENT; INSECTS; CUTICLE; LIPIDS; HOST AB Maximum challenge exposure of Liposcelis bostrychophila to Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Aspergillus parasiticus or Metarhizium anisopliae resulted in no more than 16% mortality. We investigated several of L. bostrychophila's cuticular lipids for possible contributions to its tolerance for entomopathogenic fungi. Saturated C-14 and C-16 fatty acids did not reduce the germination rates of B. bassiana or M. anisopliae conidia. Saturated C-6 to C-12 fatty acids that have not been identified in L. bostrychophila cuticular extracts significantly reduced germination, but the reduction was mitigated by the presence of stearamide. Cis-6-hexadecenal did not affect germination rates. Mycelial growth of either fungal species did not occur in the presence of caprylic acid, was reduced by the presence of lauric acid, and was not significantly affected by palmitic acid. Liposcelis bostrychophila is the only insect for which fatty acid amides have been identified as cuticular components. Stearamide, its major fatty amide, did not reduce germination of B. bassiana or M. anisopliae conidia or growth of their mycelia. Adhesion of conidia to stearamide preparations did not differ significantly from adhesion to the cuticle of L. bostrychophila. Pretreatment of a beetle known to be fungus-susceptible, larval Oryzaephilus surinamensis, with stearamide significantly decreased adhesion of B. bassiana or M. anisopliae conidia to their cuticles. This evidence indicates that cuticular fatty amides may contribute to L. bostrychophila's tolerance for entomopathogenic fungi by decreasing hydrophobicity and static charge, thereby reducing conidial adhesion. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Lord, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM lord@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 20 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUL PY 2004 VL 158 IS 2 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1023/B:MYCO.0000041837.29478.78 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 854QO UT WOS:000223918600010 PM 15518350 ER PT J AU Heitzman, E Shelton, MG Grell, A AF Heitzman, E Shelton, MG Grell, A TI Species composition, size structure, and disturbance history of an old growth bottomland hardwood-loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) - Forest in Arkansas, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwoods; disturbance; loblolly pine; old-growth; tree ring analysis ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; FLOODPLAIN FOREST; SOUTH-CAROLINA; WOODY VEGETATION; UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS; REGENERATION; UNDERSTOREY; LOUISIANA; SEEDLINGS AB The Lost Forty is a 16-ha old-growth bottomland hardwood-loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forest located in south-central Arkansas that has had little human disturbance. We established plots in the Lost Forty and collected data on species composition, tree size, age structure, and radial stem growth patterns. The overstory was dominated by species that were shade intolerant or intermediate in tolerance such as sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.), oak/hickory (Quercus/Carya spp.), and loblolly pine. Some pines were 46 in tall and 1.2 m in diameter. Trees in the midstory and understory were primarily shade tolerant species including eastern hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch), American holly (Ilex opaca Ait.), hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana Walt.), and blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.). Tree ring analysis indicated that the oldest cohort of oak/hickory and pine were recruited during the 1860s and 1870s. This period was characterized by a pulse of tree recruitment and rapid radial stem Growth rates, suggesting the occurrence of a major, stand-level disturbance in the study area. Additional disturbance(s) will be needed for the successful regeneration of shade-intolerant species. C1 Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Heitzman, E (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM heitzman@uamont.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 177 EP 187 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 837FU UT WOS:000222614700004 ER PT J AU Huang, TL Carlson, M Fitzpatrick, AL Fried, L Kuller, LH Zandi, P AF Huang, TL Carlson, M Fitzpatrick, AL Fried, L Kuller, LH Zandi, P TI Height, armspan and knee height: A reflection of early life environment and risk of dementia SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Conference on Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders CY JUL 17-22, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Alzheimers Assoc C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Aging & Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Johns Hopkins Ctr Aging & Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM tina.huang@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 SU 2 BP S385 EP S385 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(04)81258-2 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 843EK UT WOS:000223058701256 ER PT J AU Lombardo, NBE Wu, B Volicer, L Marfin, A Serper, LL Zhang, XW AF Lombardo, NBE Wu, B Volicer, L Marfin, A Serper, LL Zhang, XW TI Evidence based nutrition, exercise, cognitive rehabilitation & stress management interventions for Alzheimer's disease: Treatment or prevention? SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Conference on Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders CY JUL 17-22, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Alzheimers Assoc C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. VAMC, ENR, Bedford, MA USA. Univ W Virginia, Sch Med Ctr Aging, Morgantown, WV USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Bedford, MA USA. Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Brain Enhancement Serv, Brookline, MA USA. EM nemerson@bu.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 SU 2 BP S206 EP S207 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 843EK UT WOS:000223058700690 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR AF Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR TI Comparison of production, meat yield, and meat quality traits of NWAC103 line channel catfish, norris line channel catfish, and female channel catfish x male blue catfish F-1 hybrids SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FED DIETS; STRAINS; GROWTH; PROTEIN AB NWAC103 line channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, Norris line channel catfish, and Norris line female channel catfish x Dycus Farm line male blue catfish I. furcatus F-1 hybrids were compared for production, meat yield, and meat quality traits. Juvenile fish from each genetic group were stocked at 12,000 fish/ha into three, 0.04-ha ponds per genetic group. Fish were fed once daily to satiation from June through October, and fed on days when afternoon water temperatures were above 17degreesC from November through December. Fish were harvested, weighed, and counted in January, and 150 fish per genetic group (50 fish per pond) were processed and measured for meat and body component yield. Instrumental and sensory panel evaluations of quality were measured on fresh, frozen-thawed, and baked fillets. Stocking weight, harvest weight, and net production (kg/ha) were highest for the NWAC103 line channel catfish, intermediate for the hybrid, and lowest for the Norris line channel catfish. Growth at unit size (a), percent weight gain, survival, and feed conversion were not significantly different among genetic groups. Carcass yield (relative to whole weight) and fillet yield were higher for the hybrid than for the two channel catfish lines, and higher for females than for males in all genetic groups. Head yield and total viscera yield were higher for the channel catfish lines than the hybrid. Head yield was higher for males than for females, and total viscera yield was higher for females than for males. Visceral fat yield was higher for the hybrid than for the two channel catfish lines. Instrumental and sensory panel analysis indicated only minor differences among genetic groups for fillet quality. Thus, catfish producers and processors can improve important traits and increase profits by utilizing catfish lines with superior performance. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RP Bosworth, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bbosworth@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 66 IS 3 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1577/A03-032.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 842AM UT WOS:000222974600002 ER PT J AU Li, MH Manning, BB Robinson, EH AF Li, MH Manning, BB Robinson, EH TI Effects of dietary protein concentration on production characteristics of pond-raised channel catfish fed once daily or once every other day to satiation SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; PRACTICAL DIETS; ANIMAL PROTEIN AB We evaluated the effects of dietary protein and feeding regime on the production characteristics, processing yield, and body composition of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Stocker-size fish with an average weight of 93 g/fish were stocked into twenty-four 0.4-ha ponds at a rate of 11,115 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily or every other day (EOD) to apparent satiation with three commercial diets containing 28, 32, or 35% protein in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement for 110 d. Compared with daily feeding, EOD feeding resulted in lower average net production, feed consumption, weight gain per fish, and feed conversion ratio and produced fewer marketable fish. The EOD ponds required less aeration than ponds with fish fed daily. Fish fed EOD bad lower visceral fat and fillet fat, carcass yield, and fillet yield compared with fish fed daily. Dietary protein levels had no effect on net production, aeration time, processing yield, fillet composition, and feed consumption and weight gain per fish. However, the feed conversion ratio was higher for fish fed the 28% protein diet than for fish fed the other two diets, which was unexpected because we have not observed this in other studies. Neither dietary protein nor feeding regime had an effect on pond water total ammonia nitrogen, un-ionized ammonia, or nitrite-nitrogen concentrations; these nitrogenous compounds were highly variable among ponds and time. The results from the present study demonstrated that dietary protein levels in the range of 28% to 35% had no effect on channel catfish growth or production whether the fish were fed once daily or once EOD to satiation. Feeding EOD may improve feed efficiency and reduce feed cost and aeration time but will also reduce production and processing yield and extend the production cycle compared with feeding daily. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mli@drec.msstate.edu NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 66 IS 3 BP 184 EP 190 DI 10.1577/A03-052.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 842AM UT WOS:000222974600003 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC AF Lukaski, HC TI Vitamin and mineral status: Effects on physical performance SO NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE micronutrient deficiency; supplements; exercise ID CHROMIUM PICOLINATE SUPPLEMENTATION; IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; BODY-COMPOSITION; DIETARY-INTAKE; MAXIMAL EXERCISE; MAGNESIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; RUNNING PERFORMANCE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION AB Public health recommendations encourage the selection of a balanced diet and increasing physical activity to foster health and well-being. Whereas the adverse effects of restricted intakes of protein, fat, and carbohydrate on physical performance are well known, there is limited information about the impact of low intakes of vitamins and minerals on the exercise capacity and performance of humans. Physically active people generally consume amounts of vitamins and minerals consistent with the recommendations for the general public. However, when intakes are less than recommendations, some noticeable functional impairments occur. Acute or short-term marginal deficiencies, identified by blood biochemical measures of vitamin B status, had no impacts on performance measures. Severe deprivation of folate and vitamin B12 result in anemia and reduce endurance work performance. Evidence of vitamin A and E deficiencies in athletic individuals is lacking apparently because body storage is appreciable. In contrast to vitamins, marginal mineral deficiencies impair performance. Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, impairs muscle function and limits work capacity. Magnesium deprivation increases oxygen requirements to complete submaximal exercise and reduces endurance performance. Use of vitamin and mineral supplements does not improve measures of performance in people consuming adequate diets. Young girls and individuals participating in activities with weight classifications or aesthetic components are prone to nutrient deficiencies because they restrict food intake and specific micronutrient-rich foods. This information will be useful to professionals who counsel physically active people and scientific groups who make dietary recommendations to improve health and optimize genetic potential. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM hlukaski@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 137 TC 153 Z9 162 U1 11 U2 94 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 7-8 BP 632 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.001 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 833HV UT WOS:000222328900007 PM 15212745 ER PT J AU McKeown, NM AF McKeown, NM TI Whole grain intake and insulin sensitivity: Evidence from observational studies SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE whole grain; insulin sensitivity; observational studies ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; GLYCEMIC-INDEX DIET; HIGH-FIBER DIETS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE AB Observational studies have found that diets rich in whole-grain foods are associated with improved insulin sensitivity. The improved insulin sensitivity may be mediated in part by magnesium and dietary fiber, two nutrients found in whole-grain foods. By incorporating whole-grain foods into the diet, therefore, insulin sensitivity might be improved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrit Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP McKeown, NM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrit Epidemiol Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 62 IS 7 BP 286 EP 291 PN 1 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 903OG UT WOS:000227434800005 PM 15384920 ER PT J AU Santin, M Trout, JM Fayer, R AF Santin, M Trout, JM Fayer, R TI Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in post-weaned dairy calves in the eastern United States SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 1ST DETECTION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FECAL SAMPLES; MICROSPORIDIA; ENCEPHALITOZOON; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES; HUMANS; CATTLE; SWINE AB Fecal specimens were obtained from 3- to 8-month-old post-weaned dairy calves on farms in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. After removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, 59 of 452 calves (13%) from 11 farms in six states were found positive for Enterocytozoon bieneusi by PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Based on gene sequence data this genotype of E. bieneusi found in post-weaned calves was 100% identical to that found in pre-weaned calves in North America and differed by only two positions in 1,069 base pairs from specimens analyzed from humans. However, compared with previous reports, the prevalence of E. bieneusi was significantly higher in post-weaned than in pre-weaned calves from many of the same farms. C1 ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,BARC E, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 93 IS 4 BP 287 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s00436-004-1132-6 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 838CR UT WOS:000222691300007 PM 15170566 ER PT J AU Strickland, TC Potter, TL Joo, H AF Strickland, TC Potter, TL Joo, H TI Tebuconazole dissipation and metabolism in Tifton loamy sand during laboratory incubation SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microbial biomass; respiration; degradation; fungicide; peanut ID SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOILBORNE PATHOGENS; CHLOROTHALONIL; FUNGICIDES; EXTRACTION; PEANUT; FENPROPIMORPH; RESPIRATION; FUMIGATION AB The fungicide tebuconazole is widely used to control soil-borne and foliar diseases in peanuts and other crops. No published data are currently available on the extent and rate at which this compound degrades in soil. Unpublished data summarized in registration documents suggest that the compound is persistent, with 300-600 days half-life. We conducted a 63-day laboratory incubation to evaluate tebuconazole's dissipation kinetics and impact on soil microbial activity in Tifton loamy sand. Tifton soils support extensive peanut production in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of Georgia and Alabama. Products containing tebuconazole are applied to an estimated 50% of the peanut acreage in the region. At the end of the incubation, 43 (+/-42)% of the parent compound was recovered in soil extracts. The first-order kinetic model, which gave a good fit to the dissipation data (r(2) = 0.857), yielded a soil half-life (t(1/2)) of 49 days. This is 6-12 times more rapid than t(1/2) values described in unpublished tebuconazole registration documents. Four degradates were identified. Tentative structural assignments indicated that degradates were derived from hydroxylation of the parent compound and/or chlorophenyl ring cleavage. Cleavage products showed a steady increase during the incubation, and on a molar basis were equal to 63% of the time zero tebuconazole concentration. No significant effect on soil microbial biomass was observed, indicating that when the compound is applied at normal agronomic rate it does not impact soil metabolic activity. Use of the soil-half life data derived in this study should improve the accuracy of tebuconazole fate assessments for Coastal Plain peanut production. The study also indicated that environmental assessment of selected degradates may be needed to fully evaluate risks of tebuconazole use. Published in 2004 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Strickland, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM tstrickland@tifton.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 IS 7 BP 703 EP 709 DI 10.1002/ps.860 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 833ZW UT WOS:000222381500014 PM 15260303 ER PT J AU Gao, W Zheng, YF Slusser, JR Heisler, GM Grant, RH Xu, JQ He, DL AF Gao, W Zheng, YF Slusser, JR Heisler, GM Grant, RH Xu, JQ He, DL TI Effects of supplementary ultraviolet-B irradiance on maize yield and qualities: A field experiment SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UV-B; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; EARTHS SURFACE; RADIATION; GROWTH; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RICE; CO2; PRODUCTIVITY AB Stratospheric ozone depletion has caused an increase in the amount of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the earth's surface. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that the effect of UV-B enhancements on plants includes reduction in grain yield, alteration in species competition, susceptibility to disease and changes in plant structure and pigmentation. Many experiments examining UV-B radiation effects on plants have been conducted in growth chambers or greenhouses. It has been questioned whether the effect of UV-B radiation on plants can be extrapolated to field responses from indoor studies because of the unnaturally high ratios of UV-B/ ultraviolet-A radiation (320-400 nm) and UV-B/photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in many indoor studies. Field studies on UV-B radiation effect on plants have been recommended to use the UV and PAR irradiance provided by natural light. This study reports the growth and yield responses of a maize crop exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation and the UV-B effects on maize seed qualities under field conditions. Enhanced UV-B radiation caused a significant reduction in the dry matter accumulation and the maize yield in turn was affected. With increased UV-B radiation the flavonoid accumulation in maize leaves increased and the contents of chlorophyll a, b and (a + b) of maize leaves were reduced. The levels of protein, sugar and starch of maize seed decreased with enhanced UV-B radiation, whereas the level of lysine increased with enhanced UV-B radiation. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Nanjing Inst Meteorol, Dept Environm Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Syracuse, NY USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), 419 Canyon Ave,Suite 226, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 39 TC 39 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 80 IS 1 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1562/2004-05-03-RA-156.1 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 849EC UT WOS:000223520500021 PM 15339220 ER PT J AU Qiu, XH Guan, PZ Wang, ML Moore, PH Zhu, YJ Hu, J Borth, W Albert, HH AF Qiu, XH Guan, PZ Wang, ML Moore, PH Zhu, YJ Hu, J Borth, W Albert, HH TI Identification and expression analysis of BTH induced genes in papaya SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benzothiadiazole; Carica papaya; PR genes; quantitative reverse-transcription PCR; suppression subtractive hybridization; systemic acquired resistance ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; SALICYLIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CITRUS BLIGHT; TOMATO PLANTS; RNA ISOLATION; PROTEIN AB BTH induces elevated hydrolytic enzyme activity, expression of two members of the PRI gene family, and resistance to Phytophthora palmivora in papaya. Twenty five additional papaya genes showing elevated systemic expression 3 days after BTH treatment have now been identified by suppression subtraction hybridization, and confirmed and quantified by northern blots and quantitative RT-PCR. These genes include several PR genes and related genes known from other systems to have direct anti-microbial activities, and two genes with likely involvement in altering cell wall porosity and lignification. Additionally, six genes with potential roles in establishing reducing conditions following the oxidative burst are induced, including three not previously known to have defense related roles: CPBI 6, a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase (20G-Fe(II) oxygenase), CPBI 14, a malate oxidoreductase, and CPBI 16, a hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPDase). Specific Cys residues required for redox activation of arabidopsis NPR1 are conserved in papaya NPR1. Together with the induction of the several genes with potential roles in establishing reducing conditions, this suggests that the regulation of cellular redox status may play a role in SAR induction in papaya. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Albert, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM halbert@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 65 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.11.004 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 907RK UT WOS:000227735400004 ER PT J AU Kinloch, BB Sniezko, RA Dupper, GE AF Kinloch, BB Sniezko, RA Dupper, GE TI Virulence gene distribution and dynamics of the white pine blister rust pathogen in western North America SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cronartium ribicola; Pinus lambertiana; Pinus monticola ID CRONARTIUM-RIBICOLA; MAJOR GENE; RESISTANCE AB We assayed the distribution and frequency of two genes of the blister rust pathogen with specific virulence to major resistance genes in sugar pine and western white pine in inoculum from extensive parts of the hosts' ranges. The genes, vcr1 and vcr2, differentially neutralize the cognate resistance alleles Cr1 and Cr2 of the two respective hosts and are clearly marked by their interaction phenotypes. Basidiospores front each inoculum source were cast over Cr1 and Cr2 host genotypes simultaneously, and interaction phenotypes scored when developed. vcr1 was confined to sites with high concentrations of Cr1 (mostly plantations) where frequencies tended toward fixation. vcr2 showed a similar tendency, except high frequencies were occasionally observed from natural and planted stands of western white pine with very low frequencies of Cr2. Otherwise, no pattern was evident for either allele: frequencies were very erratic from site to site within short distances (<1 to 7 km) of each other and oscillated with high amplitudes at the same sites measured in consecutive years. Intense selection for virulence by Cr alleles occurs locally, but spread of vcr alleles over the landscape is mitigated by remarkably low gene flow. Absence of heterozygotes among single telia inoculum on Cr2 genotypes indicated cytoplasmic inheritance of vcr2, similar to vcr1 (previously reported). C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Dorena Genet Resources Ctr, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. RP Kinloch, BB (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM bkinloch@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 94 IS 7 BP 751 EP 758 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.7.751 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 831HP UT WOS:000222185800011 PM 18943908 ER PT J AU Baliji, S Black, MC French, R Stenger, DC Sunter, G AF Baliji, S Black, MC French, R Stenger, DC Sunter, G TI Spinach curly top virus: A newly described Curtovirus species from southwest texas with incongruent gene phylogenies SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geminivirus ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GEMINIVIRUS DNA-REPLICATION; CASSAVA MOSAIC DISEASE; VIRION-SENSE GENES; ROLLING-CIRCLE; SUBGENOMIC DNA; CFH STRAIN; VIRAL-DNA; RECOMBINATION; PROTEIN AB A curtovirus associated with a disease of spinach was isolated in southwest Texas during 1996. Disease symptoms included severe stunting and chlorosis. with younger leaves curled. distorted, and dwarfed. Viral DNA was purified and an infectious clone obtained. Agroinoculation using a construct hearing full-length tandem repeats of the cloned viral genome resulted in systemic infection of species in six of seven plant families tested. indicating that the virus has a wide host range. Symptoms produced in spinach agromoculated with cloned viral DNA were similar to those observed in the field. Viral single-stranded and double-stranded DNA forms typical of curtovirus infection were detected in host plants by Southern blot hybridization. The complete sequence of the infectious clone comprised 2,925 nucleotides, with seven open reading frames encoding proteins homologous to those of other curtoviruses. Complete,genome comparisons revealed that the spinach curtovirus shared 64.2 to 83.9% nucleotide sequence identity relative to four previously characterized curtovirus species: Beet curly top virus, Beet severe curly top virus, Beet mild curly top virus, and Horseradish curly top virus. Phyloenetic analysis of individual open reading frames indicated that the evolutionary history of the three virion-sense genes was different from that of the four complementary-sense genes, suggesting that recombination among curtoviruses may have occurred. Collectively, these results indicate that the spinach curtovirus characterized here represents a newly described species of the genus Curtovirus, for which we propose the name Spinach curly top virus. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Uvalde, TX 78802 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sunter, G (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM gsunter@utsa.edu RI Sunter, Garry/F-5472-2010 NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 94 IS 7 BP 772 EP 779 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.7.772 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 831HP UT WOS:000222185800014 PM 18943911 ER PT J AU Gough, CM Seiler, JR Maier, CA AF Gough, CM Seiler, JR Maier, CA TI Short-term effects of fertilization on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) physiology SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carboxylation capacity; chlorophyll fluorescence; leaf area; nitrogen; photochemical efficiency; photosynthesis; root respiration ID IN-BAG EXPERIMENT; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELEVATED CO2; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; ROOT RESPIRATION; SOIL-NITROGEN; GAS-EXCHANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR AB Fertilization commonly increases biomass production in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). However, the sequence of short-term physiological adjustments allowing for the establishment of leaf area and enhanced growth is not well understood. The effects of fertilization on photosynthetic parameters, root respiration, and growth for over 200 d following the application of diammonium phosphate were intensively investigated in an effort to establish a relative sequence of events associated with improved growth. Root respiration, foliar nitrogen concentration [N](f), and light-saturated net photosynthesis (A(sat)) temporarily increased following fertilization. A(sat) was correlated positively with [N](f) when non-fertilized and fertilized treatments were pooled (R-2 = 0.47). Increased photosynthetic capacity following fertilization was due to both improved photochemical efficiency and capacity and enhanced carboxylation capacity of Rubisco. Positive effects of fertilization on growth were observed shortly after A(sat) increased. Fertilized seedlings had 36.5% more leaf area and 36.5% greater total dry weight biomass at 211 d following fertilization. It is concluded that fertilization temporarily increased photosynthetic capacity, which resulted in a pool of photo-assimilate used to build leaf area. The N from fertilizer initially invested in photosynthetic structures and enzymes probably re-translocated to newly developing foliage, explaining the reduction in [N](f) and A(sat) that was observed after peak levels were achieved following fertilization. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gough, CM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 318 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM gough.21@osu.edu NR 45 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 7 BP 876 EP 886 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01193.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 834QH UT WOS:000222425100008 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Woodruff, DR Shaw, DC AF Meinzer, FC Woodruff, DR Shaw, DC TI Integrated responses of hydraulic architecture, water and carbon relations of western hemlock to dwarf mistletoe infection SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Arceuthobium spp; Tsuga heterophylla; carbon isotope ratio; leaf-specific conductivity; photosynthesis; stomata; water use efficiency ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; DOUGLAS-FIR; XYLEM CAVITATION; USE EFFICIENCY; HYBRID POPLAR; SAP FLOW; NITROGEN; LEAF; TREES; HOST AB Dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) is a hemiparasite that is said to be the single-most destructive pathogen of commercially valuable coniferous trees in many regions of the world. Although its destructive nature is well documented in many respects, its effects on the physiology of its host are poorly understood. In the present study, water and carbon relations were characterized over a range of scale from leaf to whole tree in large (40- to 50-m-tall) individuals of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) that were either heavily infected, or uninfected with hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense). Specific hydraulic conductivity (k(s)) of infected branches was approximately half that of uninfected branches, yet leaf-specific conductivity (k(L)) was similar because leaf area : sapwood area ratios (A(L) : A(S)) of infected branches were lower. Pre-dawn and minimum leaf water potential and stomatal conductance (g(s)) were similar among infected and uninfected trees because adjustments in hydraulic architecture of infected trees maintained k(L) despite reduced k(s). Maximum whole-tree water use was substantially lower in infected trees (approximately 55 kg d(-1)) than in uninfected trees (approximately 90 kg d(-1)) because reduced numbers of live branches in infected trees reduced whole-tree A(L) : A(S) in a manner consistent with that observed in infected branches. Maximum photosynthetic rates of heavily infected trees were approximately half those of uninfected trees. Correspondingly, leaf nitrogen content was 35% lower in infected trees. Foliar delta(13)C values were 2.8parts per thousand more negative in infected than in uninfected individuals, consistent with the absence of stomatal adjustment to diminished photosynthetic capacity. Adjustments in hydraulic architecture of infected trees thus contributed to homeostasis of water transport efficiency and transpiration on a leaf area basis, whereas both carbon accumulation and photosynthetic water use efficiency were sharply reduced at both the leaf and whole-tree scale. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Washington, Wind River Canopy Crane Res Facil, Carson, WA 98610 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 42 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 7 BP 937 EP 946 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01199.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 834QH UT WOS:000222425100014 ER PT J AU Niemi, K Scagel, C Haggman, H AF Niemi, K Scagel, C Haggman, H TI Application of ectomycorrhizal fungi in vegetative propagation of conifers SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Review DE acclimatization; adventitious rooting; cutting production; ectomycorrhizas; hypocotyl cuttings; organogenesis; plant growth regulators; somatic embryogenesis ID ADVENTITIOUS ROOT-FORMATION; PINE PINUS-BANKSIANA; IN-VITRO; SCOTS PINE; PISOLITHUS-TINCTORIUS; HYPOCOTYL CUTTINGS; HEBELOMA-CYLINDROSPORUM; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOMATIC EMBRYOS; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION AB In forestry, vegetative propagation is important for the production of selected genotypes and shortening the selection cycles in genetic improvement programs. In vivo cutting production, in vitro organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis are applicable with conifers. However, with most coniferous species these methods are not yet suitable for commercial application. Large-scale production of clonal material using cuttings or organogenesis is hindered by rooting problems and difficulties in the maturation and conversion limit the use of somatic embryogenesis. Economically important conifers form symbiotic relationship mostly with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which increase the fitness of the host tree. Several studies have shown the potential of using ECM fungi in conifer vegetative propagation. Inoculation with specific fungi can enhance root formation and/or subsequent root branching of in vivo cuttings and in vitro adventitious shoots. Germination of somatic embryos and subsequent root growth can also be improved by the use of ECM fungi. In addition, inoculation can increase the tree's ability to overcome the stress related to ex vitro transfer. A specific interaction between a fungal strain and tree clone occurs during root induction and germination of somatic embryos. Multiple rooting factors exist in this interaction that complicate the predictability of the response to inoculation. Fungal-specific factors that influence rooting responses to inoculation may include plant growth regulator production, modification of the rooting environment, and interactions with beneficial microbes. A combination of these factors may act synergistically to result in positive responses in tree genotypes that are compatible with the fungus. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Biol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Finnish Forest Res Inst, Parkano Res Stn, FIN-39700 Parkano, Finland. ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Finnish Forest Res Inst, Punkaharju Res Stn, FIN-58450 Punkaharju, Finland. Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. RP Niemi, K (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Biol, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM Karoliina.Niemi@helsinki.fi NR 64 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1023/B:TICU.0000020379.52514.72 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 804MS UT WOS:000220303400011 ER PT J AU Wrather, JA Shannon, JG Stevens, WE Sleper, DA Arelli, AP AF Wrather, JA Shannon, JG Stevens, WE Sleper, DA Arelli, AP TI Soybean cultivar and foliar fungicide effects on Phomopsis sp seed infection SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SEEDBORNE FUNGI; PLANTING DATE; QUALITY; YIELD; BENOMYL; DECAY; POD AB Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) caused by Phomopsis spp. can be severe when soybean seed producers in the southern United States use the early soybean production system (ESPS) to avoid late-July through early-September drought damage to soybean. The usefulness of this production system would be greater if developing seed could be protected from PSD by foliar application of fungicides or by planting Phoniopsis spp.-resistant soybean lines. The objective of this research was to determine the affects of the fungicides benomyl and azoxystrobin applied to soybean, at various times, on percent Phomopsis spp. infection of seed in Asgrow 3834, a PSD-susceptible cultivar, and SS93-6012, a PSD-resistant soybean line, planted in mid-April. The percent Phomopsis spp. infection of Asgrow 3834 seed averaged over years was significantly less for the benomyl (0.28 kg a.i. ha(-1)) applied at R3 + R5 treatment (48.6% seed infection) than the control (52.8% seed infection) and significantly greater for the azoxystrobin (0.17 kg a.i. ha-1) applied at R3 + R5 treatment (61.6% seed infection) than the control (52.8% seed infection). This method of managing PSD will not be acceptable to soybean growers. The percent of Phomopsis spp. infection of Asgrow 3834 seed averaged over years (52.8% seed infection) was significantly greater than for line SS93-6012 (2.8% seed infection). There were no differences in percent Phomopsis spp. infection of SS93-6012 seed between the control (2.8% seed infection) and benomyl treatment (4.0% seed infection). The most effective method for PSD management was to plant a resistant soybean line. Line SS93-6012 will be useful in breeding programs focused oil developing high yielding PSD-resistant cultivars. C1 Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, USDA, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Wrather, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM wratherj@missouri.edu NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 88 IS 7 BP 721 EP 723 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.7.721 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 830YK UT WOS:000222159900006 ER PT J AU Larsen, RC Grau, CR Vandemark, GJ Hughes, TJ AF Larsen, RC Grau, CR Vandemark, GJ Hughes, TJ TI First report of brown root rot of alfalfa caused by Phoma sclerotioides in Wisconsin. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Larsen, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 88 IS 7 BP 769 EP 769 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.7.769C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 830YK UT WOS:000222159900017 ER PT J AU Liu, QZ Wu, TQ Davis, RE Zhao, Y AF Liu, QZ Wu, TQ Davis, RE Zhao, Y TI First report of witches'-broom disease of Broussonetia papyrifera and its association with a phytoplasma of elm yellows group (16SrV). SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An, Peoples R China. ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liu, QZ (reprint author), Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An, Peoples R China. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 88 IS 7 BP 770 EP 770 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.7.770C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 830YK UT WOS:000222159900020 ER PT J AU Deahl, KL Shaw, DS Cooke, LR AF Deahl, KL Shaw, DS Cooke, LR TI Natural occurrence of phytophthora infestans on black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) in Wales. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. Sarvari Res Trust, Bangor LL57 4BG, Gwynedd, Wales. Queens Univ Belfast, Fac Sci & Agr, Dept Appl Plant Sci, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Deahl, KL (reprint author), ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 88 IS 7 BP 771 EP 771 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.7.771A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 830YK UT WOS:000222159900021 ER PT J AU Martinez-Ochoa, N Mullis, SW Csinos, AS Webster, TM AF Martinez-Ochoa, N Mullis, SW Csinos, AS Webster, TM TI First report of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and purple nutsedge (C-rotundus) in Georgia naturally infected with impatiens necrotic spot virus. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Martinez-Ochoa, N (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 88 IS 7 BP 771 EP 771 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.7.771B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 830YK UT WOS:000222159900022 ER PT J AU Vogler, DR Gordon, TR Aegerter, BJ Kirkpatrick, SC Lunak, GA Stover, P Violett, P AF Vogler, DR Gordon, TR Aegerter, BJ Kirkpatrick, SC Lunak, GA Stover, P Violett, P TI First report of the pitch canker fungus (Fusarium circinatum) in the Sierra Nevada of California. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NSTIA, Stirling City, CA 95978 USA. US Forest Serv, Genet Resources Program, USDA, Camino, CA 95709 USA. NSTIA, Strawberry Valley, CA 95981 USA. RP Vogler, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Charlet, David/F-2270-2011 NR 2 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 88 IS 7 BP 772 EP 772 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.7.772B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 830YK UT WOS:000222159900023 ER PT J AU Vogler, DR Charlet, DA AF Vogler, DR Charlet, DA TI First report of the white pine blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola) infecting whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and Ribes spp. in the Jarbidge Mountains of northeastern Nevada. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Community Coll So Nevada, Henderson, NV USA. RP Vogler, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Charlet, David/F-2270-2011 NR 4 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 88 IS 7 BP 772 EP 772 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.7.772B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 830YK UT WOS:000222159900024 ER PT J AU Brigneti, G Martin-Hernandez, AM Jin, HL Chen, J Baulcombe, DC Baker, B Jones, JDG AF Brigneti, G Martin-Hernandez, AM Jin, HL Chen, J Baulcombe, DC Baker, B Jones, JDG TI Virus-induced gene silencing in Solanum species SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE virus-induced gene silencing; VIGS; Solanum; TRV vector; resistance ID N-MEDIATED RESISTANCE; TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; DS-TRANSPOSON; TRANSGENIC POTATO; LATE BLIGHT; RX GENE; PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; VECTOR; INCOMPATIBILITY AB Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has been used routinely in Nicotiana benthamiana to assess functions of candidate genes and as a way to discover new genes required for diverse pathways, especially disease resistance signalling. VIGS has recently been shown to work in Arabidopsis thaliana and in tomato. Here, we report that VIGS using the tobacco rattle virus (TRV) viral vector can be used in several Solanum species, although the choice of vector and experimental conditions vary depending on the species under study. We have successfully silenced the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene in the diploid wild species Solanum bulbocastanum and S. okadae, in the cultivated tetraploid S. tuberosum and in the distant hexaploid relative S. nigrum (commonly known as deadly nightshade). To test whether the system could be utilised as a rapid way to assess gene function of candidate resistance (R) genes in potato and its wild relatives, we silenced R1 and Rx in S. tuberosum and RB in S. bulbocastanum. Silencing of R1, Rx and RB successfully attenuated R-gene-mediated disease resistance and resulted in susceptible phenotypes in detached leaf assays. Thus, the VIGS system is an effective method of rapidly assessing gene function in potato. C1 John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Sainsbury Lab, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94720 USA. ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Jones, JDG (reprint author), John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Sainsbury Lab, Norwich Res Pk,Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. EM jonathan.jones@sainsbury-laboratory.ac.uk RI Martin-Hernandez, Ana Montserrat/D-2734-2012; Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016; Jones, Jonathan/J-5129-2012; OI Martin-Hernandez, Ana Montserrat/0000-0003-2616-3847; Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X; Jones, Jonathan/0000-0002-4953-261X; Baulcombe, David/0000-0003-0780-6878 NR 40 TC 118 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 264 EP 272 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02122.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 832RP UT WOS:000222284900010 PM 15225290 ER PT J AU Gusta, LV Wisniewski, M Nesbitt, NT Gusta, ML AF Gusta, LV Wisniewski, M Nesbitt, NT Gusta, ML TI The effect of water, sugars, and proteins on the pattern of ice nucleation and propagation in acclimated and nonacclimated canola leaves SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED VIDEO THERMOGRAPHY; ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN; FROST INJURY; WINTER RYE; PLANTS; TEMPERATURE; EXPRESSION; HARDINESS; RESPONSES; CEREALS AB Infrared video thermography was used to observe ice nucleation temperatures, patterns of ice formation, and freezing rates in nonacclimated and cold acclimated leaves of a spring (cv Quest) and a winter (cv Express) canola (Brassica napus). Distinctly different freezing patterns were observed, and the effect of water content, sugars, and soluble proteins on the freezing process was characterized. When freezing was initiated at a warm subzero temperature, ice growth rapidly spread throughout nonacclimated leaves. In contrast, acclimated leaves initiated freezing in a horseshoe pattern beginning at the uppermost edge followed by a slow progression of ice formation across the leaf. However, when acclimated leaves, either previously killed by a slow freeze (2degreesC h(-1)) or by direct submersion in liquid nitrogen, were refrozen their freezing pattern was similar to nonacclimated leaves. A novel technique was developed using filter paper strips to determine the effects of both sugars and proteins on the rate of freezing of cell extracts. Cell sap from nonacclimated leaves froze 3-fold faster than extracts from acclimated leaves. The rate of freezing in leaves was strongly dependent upon the osmotic potential of the leaves. Simple sugars had a much greater effect on freezing rate than proteins. Nonacclimated leaves containing high water content did not supercool as much as acclimated leaves. Additionally, wetted leaves did not supercool as much as nonwetted leaves. As expected, cell solutes depressed the nucleation temperature of leaves. The use of infrared thermography has revealed that the freezing process in plants is a complex process, reminding us that many aspects of freezing tolerance occur at a whole plant level involving aspects of plant structure and metabolites rather than just the expression of specific genes alone. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Gusta, LV (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. EM gusta@duke.usask.ca NR 38 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 135 IS 3 BP 1642 EP 1653 DI 10.1104/pp.103.028308 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838DD UT WOS:000222692700044 PM 15247390 ER PT J AU Berry, AM Murphy, TM Okubara, PA Jacobsen, KR Swensen, SM Pawlowski, K AF Berry, AM Murphy, TM Okubara, PA Jacobsen, KR Swensen, SM Pawlowski, K TI Novel expression pattern of cytosolic gln synthetase in nitrogen-fixing root nodules of the actinorhizal host, Datisca glomerata SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; TRANSGENIC LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; ENCODING GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; GENE-EXPRESSION; CORRESPONDING GENES; MULTIGENE FAMILY; ALNUS-GLUTINOSA AB Gln synthetase (GS) is the key enzyme of primary ammonia assimilation in nitrogen-fixing root nodules of legumes and actinorhizal (Frankia-nodulated) plants. In root nodules of Datisca glomerata (Datiscaceae), transcripts hybridizing to a conserved coding region of the abundant nodule isoform, DgGS1-1, are abundant in uninfected nodule cortical tissue, but expression was not detectable in the infected zone or in the nodule meristem. Similarly, the GS holoprotein is immunolocalized exclusively to the uninfected nodule tissue. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length cDNA of DgGS1-1 indicates affinities with cytosolic GS genes from legumes, the actinorhizal species Alnus glutinosa, and nonnodulating species, Vitis vinifera and Hevea brasilensis. The D. glomerata nodule GS expression pattern is a new variant among reported root nodule symbioses and may reflect an unusual nitrogen transfer pathway from the Frankia nodule microsymbiont to the plant infected tissue, coupled to a distinctive nitrogen cycle in the uninfected cortical tissue. Arg, Gln, and Glu are the major amino acids present in D. glomerata nodules, but Arg was not detected at high levels in leaves or roots. Arg as a major nodule nitrogen storage form is not found in other root nodule types except in the phylogenetically related Coriaria. Catabolism of Arg through the urea cycle could generate free ammonium in the uninfected tissue where GS is expressed. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ithaca Coll, Biol Dept, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Agr Univ Wageningen, Dept Mol Biol, NL-6703 HA Wageningen, Netherlands. Albrecht Haller Inst Plant Sci Plant Biochem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Berry, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM amberry@ucdavis.edu OI Pawlowski, Katharina/0000-0003-2693-885X NR 81 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 135 IS 3 BP 1849 EP 1862 DI 10.1104/pp.103.031534 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 838DD UT WOS:000222692700061 PM 15247391 ER PT J AU Lozovaya, VV Lygin, AV Zernova, OV Li, SX Hartman, GL Widholm, JM AF Lozovaya, VV Lygin, AV Zernova, OV Li, SX Hartman, GL Widholm, JM TI Isoflavonoid accumulation in soybean hairy roots upon treatment with Fusarium solani SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fungal pathogen; Fusarium solani; glycine max; glyceollin; hairy roots; isoflavones ID F-SP GLYCINEA; SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHYTOPHTHORA-MEGASPERMA; CYST-NEMATODE; SP. GLYCINES; GLYCEOLLIN; INDUCTION; INFECTION; PHYTOALEXINS AB Hairy roots were initiated from two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes with different susceptibility (susceptible 'Spencer' and partially resistant 'PI567.374') to the disease sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (FSG) to study the role of isoflavonoids in the plant response to FSG infection. Hairy root cultures obtained by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes allows normal root growth that can be visually monitored. The principal isoflavones (genistin, daidzin, glycitin and their malonyl conjuates and aglycones) and also isoflavonoid phytoalexins (coumestrol and glyceollin) were measured by HPLC in extracts of the FSG-inoculated and non-inoculated hairy roots. FSG mycelia grew more slowly on inoculated PI567.374 hairy roots than on Spencer hairy roots. The glyceollin content was higher in FSG-inoculated PI567.374 hairy roots than in Spencer hairy roots even though the glyceollin precursor. the isoflavone daidzein, was higher in Spencer. The de novo synthesis of isoflavones and glyceollin was confirmed by [C-14]Phe incorporation into glyceollin, which was higher both in the FSG-inoculated roots and surrounding medium of the cv. PI567.374 than that of Spencer. Glyceollin was the most inhibitory to FSG growth among eight isoflavonoids tested. The levels of coumestrol, a putative phytoalexin, did not change upon FSG inoculation. The defense response was also elicited by FSG culture filtrates in hairy roots grown in liquid culture. The data obtained indicate that the ability of soybean roots to rapidly produce sufficient amounts of glyceollin in response to FSG infection might be important in providing partial resistance to this fungus. (C) 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lozovaya, VV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lozovaya@uiuc.edu NR 42 TC 78 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 671 EP 679 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2004.06.007 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 852TV UT WOS:000223780300014 PM 15331097 ER PT J AU Aung, LH Leesch, JG Jenner, JF AF Aung, LH Leesch, JG Jenner, JF TI Methyl iodide and forced aeration on the post-harvest quality of lemons SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quarantine; fumigant; phytotoxicity; seasonal effect ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; BROMIDE; CHEMISTRY AB Methyl iodide (MI) fumigation to control California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) at dosages of 24, 28, and 32 g/m(3) for 2 h combined with 2- and 24-h forced aeration using 3.51 of air per min at 21EC immediately after fumigation was tested on early-, mid- and. late-season lemons [Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F] from the coastal and desert regions. The MI treatment lowered fruit quality due to moderate to severe rind injury with increasing MI dosage. The degree of lemon phytotoxicity was influenced by season of harvest. Early season lemons of both coastal (cooler) and desert (warmer) regions sustained less fruit phytotoxicity than mid- and late-season lemons. Forced aeration of 24-h immediately after the MI treatment dramatically reduced fruit phytotoxicity irregardless of seasonal and climatic factors. Based upon the results of MI and on the known response of California red scale to this fumigant, we propose that a MI dosage of 26 g/m(3) for 2 It combined with 24-h forced aeration post-fumigation could provide an effective quarantine treatment for lemon. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Postharvest Qual & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Commod Protect & Quarantine Insect Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Aung, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Postharvest Qual & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM laung@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.03.014 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 832RQ UT WOS:000222285000005 ER PT J AU Allende, A Luo, YG McEvoy, JL Artes, F Wang, CY AF Allende, A Luo, YG McEvoy, JL Artes, F Wang, CY TI Microbial and quality changes in minimally processed baby spinach leaves stored under super atmospheric oxygen and modified atmosphere conditions SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high oxygen; off-odor; modified atmosphere packaging; tissue electrolyte leakage ID FRESH-CUT SPINACH; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY; SENSORY QUALITY; SHELF-LIFE; VEGETABLES; GROWTH; PRODUCE; FRUITS AB The effect of super atmospheric O-2 and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on plant metabolism, organoleptic quality and microbial growth of minimally processed baby spinach was studied. Packaging film O-2 transmission rates and initial levels of super atmospheric O-2 in the packages significantly affected the changes of in-package atmospheres during storage, and consequently quality of baby spinach leaves. In general, a barrier film maintained a higher O-2 level for both 80 and 100 kPa O-2 treatments during entire storage. Packages with the barrier film also exhibited a more rapid accumulation of CO2 than those with the permeable film, with CO2 levels ranging from 16.2 to 22.5 kPa in the barrier film packages, versus 6.1-10.6 kPa in the permeable film packages at the end of 12 days of storage at 5 degreesC. Packages prepared with the barrier film with an initial O-2 level at 21% accumulated CO2 during storage and exhibited a significant reduction in aerobic mesophilic bacterial growth compared to the perforated film packages (control). However, this treatment also developed strong off-odor and a loss of tissue integrity. Adding super atmospheric O-2 to the packages alleviated tissue injury in addition to reducing microbial growth and was beneficial in maintaining quality of fresh-cut baby spinach. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Tech Univ Cartagena, Dept Food Engn, Postharvest & Refrigerat Grp, Murcia 30023, Spain. USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ct,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), Tech Univ Cartagena, Dept Food Engn, Postharvest & Refrigerat Grp, Paseo Alfonso XII 48, Murcia 30023, Spain. EM luoy@ba.ars.usda.gov RI ALLENDE, ANA/D-1867-2012 OI ALLENDE, ANA/0000-0002-5622-4332 NR 34 TC 90 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.03.003 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 832RQ UT WOS:000222285000006 ER PT J AU Mitcham, EJ Veltman, RH Feng, X de Castro, E Johnson, JA Simpson, TL Biasi, WV Wang, S Tang, J AF Mitcham, EJ Veltman, RH Feng, X de Castro, E Johnson, JA Simpson, TL Biasi, WV Wang, S Tang, J TI Application of radio frequency treatments to control insects in in-shell walnuts SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE walnut; navel orangeworm; heat; disinfestations; postharvest ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; STORAGE AB Codling moth (Cydia pomonella [L.]), navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitello [Walker]), and Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella [Hubner]) are common insect pests in walnuts (Juglans regia [L.]). Currently, exported in-shell walnuts are disinfested using methyl bromide fumigation. Restrictions on methyl bromide use have increased interest in developing alternative postharvest treatments. Radio frequency (RF) heating is such an alternative. Our tests have shown that heating walnuts with radio frequency energy to temperatures lethal to these important insect pests has no negative effects on walnut quality, and may even reduce the susceptibility of walnuts to becoming rancid in storage. Radio frequency treatments provided acceptable rates of heating (5-6 degreesC min(-1)) for in-shell walnuts to lethal temperatures. Heating walnuts to 55degreesC or higher resulted in 100% mortality of fifth instar navel orangeworm, which is the most resistant of the three insect pests. Moisture content of walnuts is an important factor affecting heating rates during radio frequency treatments. The relationship between average moisture content and average heating rate was linear, and the variability in moisture content and heating rates was higher with a higher average moisture content. Radio frequency treatments reduce the moisture content of walnuts. A combined system of radio frequency heating with hot air has the potential to accelerate or even replace batch drying of walnuts in the future. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mitcham, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, 1035 Wickson Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ejmitcham@ucdavis.edu RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 9 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.01.004 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 832RQ UT WOS:000222285000010 ER PT J AU Poole, TL Genovese, KJ Callaway, TR Bischoff, KM Donskey, CJ Nisbet, DJ AF Poole, TL Genovese, KJ Callaway, TR Bischoff, KM Donskey, CJ Nisbet, DJ TI Competitive exclusion of a glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium in the presence of vancomycin but not equivalent concentrations of tylosin or gentamicin SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antibiotic resistance; competitive exclusion; glycopeptide; Enterococcus macrolide ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; MOUSE GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURE; SUBTHERAPEUTIC CONCENTRATIONS; ESTABLISHMENT; CHICKS; PERSISTENCE; MICROFLORA; INFECTION; BACTERIA AB The effect of subtherapeutic concentrations of antibiotics (10.0 and 40.0 mug/mL of vancomycin, gentamicin, and tylosin) on the efficacy of a mixed anaerobe culture of chicken microflora (CCF) was studied in a continuous-flow fermentation system. Efficacy of CCF post-treatment was assessed by challenge with glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium (GRE) at 6.0 log(10) cfu/mL. Bacterial enumeration of endogenous CCF isolates, volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis, and challenge with GRE indicated that CCF efficacy was affected by all antibiotic treatments. Although CCF treated with 10.0 mug/mL of vancomycin eliminated GRE13 at a rate of 0.61 log(10) cfu/mL per day, it was unable to eliminate E. coli, a gram-negative challenge organism. All other antibiotic treatments allowed GRE persistence at approximately 2.0 to 6.5 log(10) cfu/mL. All antibiotic-treated cultures had decreased concentrations of acetic and propionic acids. Our data suggest that low concentrations of antimicrobials may adversely affect the microbial ecology of gut microflora with respect to its ability to exclude exogenous bacteria. Moreover, gentamicin had an adverse effect on the inhibitory stringency of CCF even though it showed little anti-anaerobic activity against CCF strict anaerobes in pure culture. Verification of the results in live animals will be necessary to determine if antimicrobial treatment could compromise the effectiveness of normal microflora to serve as a natural host defense against infection. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Case Western Reserve Sch Med, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Poole, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Route 5, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM poole@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1099 EP 1105 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 834GW UT WOS:000222400600009 PM 15285499 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Mitchell, BW Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Mitchell, BW Holt, PS TI Evaluation of culture media for detecting airborne Salmonella enteritidis collected with an electrostatic sampling device from the environment of experimentally infected laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE air; chicken; egg; electrostatic sampling device; Salmonella enteritidis ID SPACE-CHARGE SYSTEM; NEGATIVE AIR IONIZATION; HATCHING CABINETS; HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; PHAGE TYPE-4; LAYER HOUSES; RISK-FACTORS; CONTAMINATION; EGGS; TYPHIMURIUM AB Detection of Salmonella enteritidis in the environment of commercial laying hens is critical for reducing the production of contaminated eggs by infected flocks. In the present study, an inexpensive and portable electrostatic air sampling device was used to collect S. enteritidis in rooms containing experimentally infected laying hens. After hens were orally inoculated with a phage type 13a S. enteritidis strain and housed in individual cages, air samples were collected 3 times each week with electrostatic devices onto plates of 6 types of culture media (brilliant green agar, modified lysine iron agar, modified semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis agar, Rambach agar, XLD agar, and XLT4 agar). Air sampling plates were incubated at 37degreesC, examined visually for presumptive identification of typical S. enteritidis colonies and then subjected to confirmatory enrichment culturing. Air samples (collected using all 6 culture media) were positive for S. enteritidis for 3 wk postinoculation. Because visual determination of the presence or absence of typical S. enteritidis colonies on air sampling plates was not consistently confirmed by enrichment culturing, the postenrichment results were used for comparing sampling strategies. The frequency of positive air sampling results using brilliant green agar (66.7% overall) was significantly greater than was obtained using most other media. A combination of several plating media (brilliant green agar, modified lysine iron agar, and XLT4 agar) allowed detection of airborne S. enteritidis at an overall frequency of 83.3% over the 3 wk of sampling. When used with appropriate culture media, electrostatic collection of airborne S. enteritidis can provide a sensitive alternative to traditional methods for detecting this pathogen in the environment of laying flocks. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM rgast@seprl.usda.gov NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1106 EP 1111 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 834GW UT WOS:000222400600010 PM 15285500 ER PT J AU Rybolt, ML Wills, RW Byrd, JA Doler, TP Bailey, RH AF Rybolt, ML Wills, RW Byrd, JA Doler, TP Bailey, RH TI Comparison of four Salmonella isolation techniques in four different inoculated matrices SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; immunomagnetic separation; methodology; secondary enrichment; carcass rinse ID DELAYED SECONDARY ENRICHMENT; PRESLAUGHTER FEED WITHDRAWAL; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; TETRATHIONATE BROTH; RAPPAPORTS BROTH; BROILER-CHICKENS; RAPID DETECTION; MINCED MEAT; POULTRY; CROP AB The poultry industry is now operating under increased regulatory pressure following the introduction of the pathogen reduction and hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) rule in 1996. This new operation scheme has greatly increased the need for on-farm food safety risk management of foodborne bacteria, such as Salmonella. Information needed to make informed food safety risk management decisions must be obtained from accurate risk assessments, which rely on the sensitivity of the isolation techniques used to identify Salmonella in the production environment. Therefore, better characterization of the Salmonella isolation and identification techniques is warranted. One new technique, immunomagnetic separation (IMS), may offer a benefit to the poultry industry, as it has been shown to be efficacious in the isolation of Salmonella from various sample matrices, including some poultry products. In this work, we compared the isolation ability of 4 Salmonella-specific protocols: IMS, tetrathionate (TT) broth, Rappaport-Vassiliadis R10 (RV) broth, and a secondary enrichment (TR) procedure. All 4 methods were compared in 4 different spiked sample matrices: Butterfield's, poultry litter, broiler crops, and carcass rinses. IMS was able to detect Salmonella at 3.66, 2.09, 3.06, and 3.97 log(10) cfu/mL in Butterfield's, poultry litter, carcass rinse, and broiler crop matrices, respectively. For the broiler litter and Butterfield's solution, there were no (P > 0.05) differences among the 4 isolation protocols. However, in the carcass rinse and crop samples, there were no differences among the isolation of Salmonella using RV, TR, or TT, but all 3 were (P < 0.05) more successful at recovering Salmonella than the IMS method. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX USA. USDA, ARS, SPARC, College Stn, TX USA. RP Bailey, RH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX USA. EM rhbailey@cvm.msstate.edu NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1112 EP 1116 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 834GW UT WOS:000222400600011 PM 15285501 ER PT J AU Niikura, M Liu, HC Dodgson, JB Cheng, HH AF Niikura, M Liu, HC Dodgson, JB Cheng, HH TI A comprehensive screen for chicken proteins that interact with proteins unique to virulent strains of Marek's disease virus SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gene mapping; genetic resistance; Marek's disease; protein interactions; two-hybrid screen ID HISTAMINE-RELEASING-FACTOR; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN; SPLICING FACTOR SF2; CLASS-II; CELLULAR PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; AFFECTING SUSCEPTIBILITY; REFERENCE POPULATION AB Genetic resistance to Marek's disease (MD) has been proposed as a method to augment current vaccinal control of MD. Although it is possible to identify QTL and candidate genes that are associated with MD resistance, it is necessary to integrate functional screens with linkage analysis to confirm the identity of true MD resistance genes. To help achieve this objective, a comprehensive 2-hybrid screen was conducted using genes unique to virulent Marek's disease virus (MDV) strains' Potential MDV-host protein interactions were tested by an in vitro bindin assay to confirm the initial two-hybrid results. As a result, 7 new MDV-chicken protein interactions were identified and included the chicken proteins MHC class 11 beta (BLB) and invariant (Ii) chain (CD74), growth-related translationally controlled tumor protein (TPT1), complement component C1q-binding protein (C1QBP), retinoblastoma-binding protein 4 (RBBP4), and alpha-enolase (ENO1). Mapping of the encoding chicken genes suggests that BLB, the gene for MHC class 11 beta chain, is a positional candidate gene. In addition, the known functions of the chicken proteins suggest mechanisms that MDV might use to evade the chicken immune system and alter host gene regulation. Taken together, our results indicate that integrated genomic methods provide a powerful strategy to gain insights on complex biological processes and yield a manageable number of genes and pathways for further characterization. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hcheng@msu.edu NR 60 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1117 EP 1123 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 834GW UT WOS:000222400600012 PM 15285502 ER PT J AU Proudman, JA Siopes, TD AF Proudman, JA Siopes, TD TI Effect of a single short-term reduction in photoperiod on photorefractoriness in turkey hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE photoperiod; photorefractoriness; turkey ID BREEDER HENS; ABSOLUTE PHOTOREFRACTORINESS; THYROXINE; SEASON AB In a prior study, we reported that a high proportion of hens in a winter-laying flock became relatively photorefractory (rPR) early in the reproductive cycle and that successive short-term reductions in photoperiod in such hens each initially depressed egg production but then caused a rebound in rate of lay to briefly exceed that of hens that did not exhibit rPR. The present study was conducted to assess rPR in a summer-laying flock and to determine whether a single short-term reduction in day length early in the reproductive cycle might enhance egg production and delay the onset of absolute photorefractoriness (aPR). Control hens received a photoperiod of 16L:8D throughout the experiment. Experimental hens were photostimulated with 16L:8D, received a reduced (but still stimulatory) photoperiod of 11.5L:12.5D for 2 wk beginning 8 wk after photostimulation, and then were returned to 16L:8D for the remainder of the 23-wk test period. Results showed that a single 2-wk reduction in day length shortly after the hens reached peak egg production did not significantly reduce overall flock egg production, but it also did not improve late-season egg production or retard the onset or incidence of aPR. The incidence of rPR was substantially less in this study than we had observed with a winter-laying flock (32.9 vs. 67.1%), but similar proportions of treated hens exhibited the most severe rPR response (a brief but complete cessation of egg production) in both studies (21.1 vs. 24.0%), and all treated hens that subsequently became aPR had shown this severe rPR response to the test photoperiod. We concluded that a core proportion of hens (approximately one-fifth) exhibited a strong rPR response when presented with a reduced photoperiod early in the reproductive cycle, regardless of season of the year, and that such hens were more likely to subsequently exhibit poor egg production or become aPR than flockmates that did not exhibit rPR. Therefore, some indication of the incidence of rPR early in the lay period may have a predictive value for the overall egg production of the flock. C1 USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Proudman, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM JohnP@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1199 EP 1202 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 834GW UT WOS:000222400600022 PM 15285512 ER PT J AU Zaniboni, L Bakst, MR AF Zaniboni, L Bakst, MR TI Localization of aquaporins in the sperm storage tubules in the turkey oviduct SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aquaporins; avian; sperm storage tubule; uterovaginal junction ID POULTRY AB Oviductal sperm storage tubules (SST), located at the uterovaginal junction, are the primary site of sperm storage in turkeys. Sperm reside within these storage sites and may be released via a dynamic interaction between sperm mobility and a fluid current generated by the SST epithelial cells. In this study, aquaporins 2, 3, and 9 (proteins that form water channels in the plasmalemma of a variety of cells) were immunocytochemically localized within the apical aspect of the epithelial cells that form the SST. These observations support the contention that the SST epithelial cells are capable of water exchange that may interact with sperm residing within the SST. C1 USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Milan, Dept Vet Sci & Technol Food Safety, I-20122 Milan, Italy. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM murray@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1209 EP 1212 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 834GW UT WOS:000222400600024 PM 15285514 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Northcutt, JK Cason, JA AF Berrang, ME Northcutt, JK Cason, JA TI Recovery of Campylobacter from broiler feces during extended storage of transport cages SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; feces; transport cage ID SALMONELLA; CONTAMINATION; CARCASSES; JEJUNI AB Feces deposited in transport cages by a Campylobacter-positive flock can cause the spread of Campylobactcr to subsequent flocks placed in the same cages. This experiment was designed to determine the effect of extended cage storage on the viability of Campylobacter in feces deposited on the cage floor during commercial transport and holding. After 4 h of feed (but not water) withdrawal, Campylobacter-positive broilers were caught by commercial catching crews, placed into 3 new commercial cages and transported with the rest of the flock to the holding area at a commercial processing facility. Broilers were allowed to remain in the cages for 8 h before being unloaded by facility personnel. After removal of the broilers, empty cages were held under a shed and sampled at 7 intervals for the presence of viable Campylobacter. Cages were sampled by removing all the feces out of a different randomly assigned compartment in each cage at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, and 48 h after unloading. No decrease in Campylobacter numbers was noted through 8 h of storage. After 24 h in both replications, Campylobacter was detected in 2 of 3 compartments by direct plating and detected in the third by enrichment only. After 48 h, Campylobacter was detected in one replication by enrichment only, and was not detected in the second replication at all. Storing soiled transport cages for 48 h between uses results in lower numbers of Campylobacter in feces, but may not eliminate Campylobacter entirely. Due to cage cost and space requirements, routine cage storage between uses would not be practical. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1213 EP 1217 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 834GW UT WOS:000222400600025 PM 15285515 ER PT J AU Gaimari, SD Adler, LS Scheffer, SJ AF Gaimari, SD Adler, LS Scheffer, SJ TI Plant host affiliation and redescription of Phytomyza subtenella Frost (Diptera : Agromyzidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE agromyzidae; Phytomyza subtenella; Orobanchaceae; Castilleja miniata; host plant ID QUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; LUPINUS; SCROPHULARIACEAE; CHEMISTRY; PARASITISM; GLYCOSIDES AB The biology of Phytomyza subtenella Frost (Diptera: Agromyzidae) was observed for the first time. This species was found to be a seed feeder on the hemiparasitic Indian paintbrush, Castilleja miniata Douglas (Orobanchaceae), in Colorado. Biological observations are provided, along with a redescription of the species and illustrations of the male genitalia. Additionally, the 17 orobanch-feeding agromyzids are discussed, along with comments on several possible lineages, based on similarities of male genitalia, within the 13 orobanch-feeding Phytomyza. C1 Calif Dept Food & Agr, Calif State Collect Arthropods, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gaimari, SD (reprint author), Calif Dept Food & Agr, Calif State Collect Arthropods, 3294 Meadowview Rd, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. EM sgaimari@cdfa.ca.gov; lsadler@vt.edu; sscheffe@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 501 EP 507 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 839PC UT WOS:000222796000001 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, TJ TI Raglius alboacuminatus (Goeze) and Rhyparochromus vulgaris (Schilling) (Lygaeoidea : Rhyparochromidae): Two palearctic bugs newly discovered in North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Lygaeoidea; Rhyparochromidae; Raglius alboacuminatus; Rhyparochromus vulgaris; North America; new records; California; Oregon; Utah; Washington; invasive ID HETEROPTERA AB Two invasive Palearctic rhyparochromids (Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae) are recorded for the first time in North America. Raglius alboacuminatus Goeze is reported from California, Oregon, and northern Utah, and Rhyparochromus vulgaris (Schilling), from Oregon and Washington. Although not considered major agricultural pests, these invasive bugs have become serious nuisance pests, invading homes and commercial establishments in large numbers. Provided for each are a summary of the literature, notes on the biology and habitat, diagnosis, description, and photographs of the adult to help separate these nonindigenous bugs from other North American Rhyparochromidae. In addition, Xanthochilus saturnius (Rossi), a Palearctic species known in North America only from California, is reported for the first time from Oregon. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Natl Musum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Natl Musum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst,Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC-0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 513 EP 522 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 839PC UT WOS:000222796000003 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ Posada, F Gil, ZN AF Gagne, RJ Posada, F Gil, ZN TI A new species of Bruggmanniella (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) aborting young fruit of avocado, Persea americana (Lauraceae), in Colombia and Costa Rica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Persea americana; avocado; Lauraceae; neotropical; gall midges AB A species new to science, Bruggmanniella perseae Gagne (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera), is reported from avocado, Persea americana, from Colombia and Costa Rica. The insect is a severe pest of avocado. Infested fruit drop to the soil when less than 2 cm in length. The new species is described, illustrated, and compared with the five previously described species of Bruggmanniella, and its biology is outlined. A key to the six species of Bruggmanniella is provided. C1 USDA ARS, Systmat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. USDA ARS, Inseect Biocontrol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cenicafe, Chinchina, Caldas, Colombia. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systmat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,NHB 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rgagne@sel.barc.usda.gov; francisco.posada@cafedecolombia.com; zulma.gil@cafedecolombia.com NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 547 EP 553 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 839PC UT WOS:000222796000007 ER PT J AU Neunzig, HH Solis, MA AF Neunzig, HH Solis, MA TI Exguiana, a new genus of neotropical phycitines (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Phycitinae; taxonomy; Brazil; Costa Rica; French Guiana; Guyana AB The new genus Exguiana is proposed to receive Euzophera postflavida Dyar, n. comb, and three new species, E. beckeri, E. limonensis, and E. pitillana. Euzophera postflavida has been known only from female specimens, and its generic placement was uncertain until the recent discovery of males. A key separating the four species, habitus photographs of males, and line drawings of the wing venation, labial palpus, antenna of the male, and male and female genitalia are included. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Neunzig, HH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM asolis@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 554 EP 563 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 839PC UT WOS:000222796000008 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI The Nematus "Magus group" (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae) in North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Nematinae; sawflies AB Two species are recognized in the Nematus "magus group" in North America, Nematus magus (Marlatt) on Salix sp. from eastern Canada and northeastern United States west to Northwest Territories and British Columbia and Nematus appalachia, new species, from the Appalachians of West Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina. The species are described, keyed, and compared to Palearctic species. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 592 EP 597 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 839PC UT WOS:000222796000012 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, NJ AF Vandenberg, NJ TI Contributions to the knowledge of Olla casey (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae : Coccinellini): New species from the Galapagos Islands, updates on the distribution of O. v-nigrum (Mulsant) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Olla Coccinellini; new species; taxonomy; biological control; distribution; Galapagos ID PECAN ORCHARDS; APPLE; HEMIPTERA; PSYLLIDAE; FLORIDA; NORTH AB Olla lacrimosa, n. sp., is described from Isabela Island of the Galapagos Archipelago. Earlier, the single known example of this species was mistaken for Olla hageni Vandenberg, a closely related species which occurs on the neighboring island of Santa Cruz. A diagnosis, habitus drawing, and key details of the anatomy and morphology of the new species are provided and compared to related members of the genus. The habits and distribution of the genus are reviewed, and updated distributional data are provided for O. v-nigrum Mulsant, a widespread species of temperate and tropical America which has been released in a number of countries for biological control purposes. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI,Syst Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Vandenberg, NJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI,Syst Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM nvandenb@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 619 EP 626 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 839PC UT WOS:000222796000015 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI A new species of Derecyrta smith (Hymenoptera : Xiphydriidae) from Colombia and Ecuador SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE wood borer; wood wasp; Neotropical AB Derecyrta flavescens, In. sp., is described from Colombia and Ecuador. It is separated from the related species D. andrei Konow and D. pictipennis Smith. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI,Syst Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI,Syst Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 675 EP 678 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 839PC UT WOS:000222796000021 ER PT J AU Sahlu, T Goetsch, AL Luo, J Nsahlai, IV Moore, JE Galyean, ML Owens, FN Ferrell, CL Johnson, ZB AF Sahlu, T Goetsch, AL Luo, J Nsahlai, IV Moore, JE Galyean, ML Owens, FN Ferrell, CL Johnson, ZB TI Nutrient requirements of goats: developed equations, other considerations and future research to improve them SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goats; nutrient requirements ID RANGE GRAZING CONDITIONS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; HEAT-PRODUCTION; BODY-COMPOSITION; UREA DILUTION; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; HERBAGE INTAKE; CATTLE; SHEEP AB A database of treatment mean observations from goat feeding/nutrition studies was constructed and used to develop expressions to describe nutrient requirements of goats. The ME requirement for maintenance (MEm) was 485, 489, 580, 489 and 462 kJ/kg BW0.75, and the ME requirement for gain (MEg) was 13.4, 23.1, 23.1, 19.8 and 28.5 kJ/g ADG for preweaning, growing meat (greater than or equal toBoer), growing dairy, growing indigenous and mature goats (indigenous and dairy), respectively. The MEm of mature Angora goats from multiple regression analysis (at 0 tissue gain and clean fiber growth) was 473 kJ/kg BW0.75; ME requirements for tissue gain and clean fiber growth were 37.2 and 157 kJ/g, respectively. A factorial approach with linear regression was used to determine the dietary ME requirement for lactation of 5224 kJ/kg 4% fat-corrected milk, corresponding to an efficiency of ME use for lactation of 0.59. Metabolizable protein (MP) required for maintenance (MPm) by mature meat, dairy and indigenous goats was determined as the sum of metabolic fecal (0.0267 g/g DM intake for diets not containing appreciable browse), endogenous urinary (1.031 g/kg BW0.75) and scurf CP losses (0.2 g/kg BW0.6), with an assumed efficiency of MP use for maintenance protein of 1.0. Based on linear regression of MP intake against ADG, for growing goats MPm was 3.07 g/kg BW0.75; MP required for ADG (MPg) was 0.290 g/g ADG for dairy and indigenous goats and 0.404 g/g ADG for meat goats. The MP requirement for lactation was 1.45 g/g milk protein, equivalent to a milk protein efficiency of 0.69. The MPm of growing and mature Angora goats from multiple regression analysis (at 0 tissue gain and clean fiber growth) was 3.35 g/kg BW0.75, and MP requirements for tissue gain and clean fiber growth were 0.281 and 1.65 g/g, respectively. Identified areas of research that would yield knowledge allowing development of more accurate estimates of nutrient requirements include composition of accreted and mobilized tissue, effects of stage of maturity and nutritional plane on maintenance energy requirements, energy expenditure due to grazing activity, conditions influencing ruminally undegraded protein and efficiencies of MP utilization. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Natal, Dept Anin & Poultry Sci, ZA-3209 Scottsville, South Africa. Univ Agr & Forestry, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Crop Genet Res & Dev, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Inst Goat Res, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu NR 82 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 53 IS 3 BP 191 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.04.001 PG 29 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 836OA UT WOS:000222564000002 ER PT J AU Kneeshaw, K Vaske, JJ Bright, AD Absher, JD AF Kneeshaw, K Vaske, JJ Bright, AD Absher, JD TI Situational influences of acceptable wildland fire management actions SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE acceptability norms; fire management; national forests; situational factors ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; NATIONAL FORESTS; PUBLIC SUPPORT; ATTITUDES; POLICIES; PERCEPTION; INTERFACE; KNOWLEDGE; NORM AB This article examines the effect of fire-specific situational factors on forest users' normative beliefs about wildland fire management. The acceptability of three. re management actions for eight scenarios was examined. The scenarios varied five factors: ( 1). re origin, ( 2) air quality impact, ( 3) risk of private property damage, ( 4) forest recovery, and ( 5) outdoor recreation impact. Data were obtained from a mail survey of visitors to three national forests: ( 1) Arapaho - Roosevelt, Colorado (n = 469), (2) Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie, Washington (n = 498), and (3) San Bernardino, California ( n = 321). Conjoint analyses indicated varying levels of the five factors (e.g. fire started by humans or lightning) differentially affected acceptability ratings of management actions. Similar percentages of importance were attributed to four of the factors for decisions regarding "put the fire out'' and "contain the fire.'' There was more dispersion in the relative importance of factors for "letting the fire burn.'' C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Recreat & Tourism, Human Dimen Nat Resources Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RP Vaske, JJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Recreat & Tourism, Human Dimen Nat Resources Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jerryv@cnr.colostate.edu NR 31 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 17 IS 6 BP 477 EP 489 DI 10.1080/08941920490452427 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 823AQ UT WOS:000221582500002 ER PT J AU McCaffrey, S AF McCaffrey, S TI Thinking of wildfire as a natural hazard SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE natural hazards; risk perception; wildland Fire; wildland-urban interface AB Natural hazards theory with its emphasis on understanding the human - hazard interaction has much to offer in better understanding how individuals respond to the wild. re hazard. Ironically, very few natural hazards studies have actually looked at wildfires, despite the insights the field might offer. This report is structured around four interrelated questions that are often heard from individuals involved with wild. re management. Examining these four items through the natural hazards lens can demonstrate just a few of the ways the field can help us think more clearly about individual response to risk and how to increase participation in fire mitigation and support for. re management practices. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP McCaffrey, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1033 Univ Pl,Ste 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM smccaffrey@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 17 IS 6 BP 509 EP 516 DI 10.1080/08941920490452445 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 823AQ UT WOS:000221582500004 ER PT J AU Laiho, R Laine, J Trettin, CC Finer, L AF Laiho, R Laine, J Trettin, CC Finer, L TI Scots pine litter decomposition along drainage succession and soil nutrient gradients in peatland forests, and the effects of inter-annual weather variation SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE climate change; needle litter; organic matter decomposition; peatlands; Pinus sylvestris; root litter; weather ID OMBROTROPHIC BOG; SOUTHERN FINLAND; CARBON BALANCE; PLANT BIOMASS; MASS-LOSS; MIRES; QUALITY; MINERALIZATION; SPHAGNUM; FEN AB Peatlands form a large carbon (C) pool but their C sink is labile and susceptible to changes in climate and land-use. Some pristine peatlands are forested, and others have the potential: the amount of arboreal vegetation is likely to increase if soil water levels are lowered as a consequence of climate change. On those sites tree litter dynamics may be crucial for the C balance. We studied the decomposition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needle and root litter in boreal peatland sites representing gradients in drainage succession (succession following water level drawdown caused by forest drainage) and soil nutrient level during several years of varying weather conditions. Neither gradient had an unambiguous effect on litter mass loss. Mass loss over 2 years was faster in undrained versus drained sites for both needle litter, incubated in the moss layer, and fine root litter, incubated in 0-10 cm peat layer, suggesting moisture stress in the surface layers of the drained sites limited decomposition. Differences among the drained sites were not consistent. Among years, mass loss correlated positively with precipitation variables, and mostly negatively or not at all with temperature sum. We concluded that a long-term water level drawdown in peatlands does not necessarily enhance decay of fresh organic matter. Instead, the drained site may turn into a 'large hummock-system' where several factors, including litter quality, relative moisture deficiency, higher acidity, lower substrate temperature, and in deeper layers also oxygen deficiency, may interact to constrain organic matter decomposition. Further, the decomposition rates may not vary systematically among sites of different soil nutrient levels following water level drawdown. Our results emphasize the importance of annual weather variations on decomposition rates, and demonstrate that single-period incubation studies incorporate an indeterminable amount of temporal variation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, Peatland Ecol Grp, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Joensuu Res Ctr, Finnish Forest Res Inst, Joensuu, Finland. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, USDA, Charleston, SC USA. Univ Joensuu, Fac Forestry, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland. RP Laiho, R (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, Peatland Ecol Grp, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM raija.laiho@helsinki.fi RI Laiho, Raija/C-2920-2008 OI Laiho, Raija/0000-0001-7767-8520 NR 56 TC 35 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1095 EP 1109 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.02.020 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837WO UT WOS:000222672200009 ER PT J AU Follett, RF Kimble, J Leavitt, SW Pruessner, E AF Follett, RF Kimble, J Leavitt, SW Pruessner, E TI Potential use of soil C isotope analyses to evaluate paleoclimate SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; Holocene; soil organic carbon dating; US Great Plains; soil profile horizons ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; LATE HOLOCENE CLIMATE; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; UNITED-STATES; DROUGHT; RECORD; STRATIGRAPHY; FREQUENCY; AMERICA AB The objective of this study was to evaluate potential use of the naturally occurring isotopic carbon (C) in soil organic matter to help evaluate paleoclimate in the Central United States. Sampling sites were selected on major geomorphic units with similar slope and aspect in three soil temperature regimes and three soil moisture regimes within the historic grasslands in US Great Plains and Western Corn Belt. Soil samples were collected from approximate 0- to 5- and 5- to 10-cm (A1 and A2 profile) depths and by genetic soil horizon thereafter in pits dug by back-hoe or by hand to similar to2 m depth. Bulk density and soil texture were determined. Sieved, handpicked, and delimed subsamples of soil from each horizon were analyzed for total soil organic carbon (SOC) and delta(13)C and C-14 dated (as mean residence time of SOC in calendar yr B.P.). Data from some sites support that major aeolian movement of soil occurred during the Holocene, often coincidental with literature reports of long periods of drought. However, soil profiles provide a low-resolution record of drought and/or wetter climatic conditions and thus time frames are general. Measurement of SOC age and delta(13)C signature in soil horizons was related to preboreal warming during entry into the Holocene. An important question raised by our data but requiring further confirmation by other studies is the timing of the peak of the Medieval Warm Period that is reported to have occurred prior to commencement of climate cooling that preceded the Little lee Age. Based on delta(13)C, our data indicate a change from C-4 plants to increasing C-3 plant dominance (as a surrogate of cooler temperature) at similar to1,500 yr B.P., whereas the reported start of the Little Ice Age is similar to600 yr B.P. In summary, the approach we used holds promise as an additional proxy for evaluating prior climate back thousands of years, but additional measurements besides those from the isotopes of C will be needed. C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NRCS, USDA, NSSC Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68506 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ronald.follett@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 169 IS 7 BP 471 EP 488 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000135169.45251.63 PG 18 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 838FL UT WOS:000222698800001 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Griffin, TS Honeycutt, CW AF He, ZQ Griffin, TS Honeycutt, CW TI Evaluation of soil phosphorus transformations by sequential fractionation and phosphatase hydrolysis SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil P; sequential fractionation; phosphatase; hydrolyzable P ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; SWINE MANURE; MINERALIZATION; AVAILABILITY; CULTIVATION; EXTRACTION; DYNAMICS; HEXAPHOSPHATE; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION AB Increased understanding is needed on the interconversion among P species when manure and fertilizer are added to soils. To assess changes in P species affected by manure and fertilizer addition, a sandy loam (no established soil series designation; coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid, Typic Haplorthod) and a Lamoine silt loam (fine, illitic, nonacid, frigid Aeric Epiaquept) with no P added, with fertilizer P, and with dairy manures were incubated at 22 degreesC for up to 108 days. Sequential fractionation with H2O, 0.5 M NaHCO3, and 0.1 M NaOH and phosphatase hydrolysis were used to monitor changes in inorganic P and enzymatically hydrolyzable and nonhydrolyzable organic P during the incubation period. Similar patterns of P dynamics were observed in the two soils. Added inorganic P from either chemical fertilizer or animal manure amendments was found mainly in the NaHCO3 and NaOH fractions. Changes in H2O, NaHCO3, and NaOH-extractable P were similar for P fertilizer-amended soils and unamended soils, indicating that soil properties played a major role in controlling P dynamics. In the H2O fraction, inorganic P attained a low and stable level after an initial rapid decrease. Concentrations of P species in other fractions fluctuated during the incubation period. Furthermore, the fluctuations were observed in complementary patterns between inorganic P in the NaHCO3 and NaOH fractions as well as between labile P (inorganic and hydrolyzable organic) and nonhydrolyzable organic P in the NaOH fraction. These complementary fluctuations implied an interchange of P species during incubation. This interchange could be an important mechanism for maintaining balance between labile and immobile P in soils. Further detailed examination of the patterns of interchange among P fractions in soils may provide more accurate prediction of soil P bioavailability, thus improving soil P management. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 169 IS 7 BP 515 EP 527 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000135164.14757.33 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 838FL UT WOS:000222698800005 ER PT J AU Dontsova, KM Norton, LD Johnston, CT Bigham, JM AF Dontsova, KM Norton, LD Johnston, CT Bigham, JM TI Influence of exchangeable cations on water adsorption by soil clays SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CA-MONTMORILLONITE SYSTEMS; RED-BROWN EARTHS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; VAPOR ISOTHERMS; MAGNESIUM SOILS; LAYER CHARGE; SODIC SOILS; INFILTRATION; CALCIUM; SMECTITES AB The interaction of water with the clay fractions (<2 mum) from two midwestern soils was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gravimetric methods. The soil clay fractions were obtained from a Blount loam (fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs) and a Fayette silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, superactive Typic Hapludalfs). These clay fractions were exchanged with Mg2+, 50:50 Ca2+/Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, and K+ to determine the influence of the exchangeable cation on their water sorption behavior. Water sorption isotherms and FTIR spectra of the clays were collected simultaneously using a gravimetric-spectroscopic cell. Overall, the amount of water sorbed by the samples increased as the ionic potential of the exchangeable cation increased and was strongly correlated to the hydration energy of the cations (P > F < 0.0001). The position of the H-O-H bending band (nu(2) mode) also increased with increasing ionic potential of the exchangeable cation indicating strengthening of water H bonds. In addition, it was observed that the position of this band decreased with increasing water content for the Mg-exchanged clays compared with an overall increase for the Ca-exchanged samples. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated an expansion of the phyllosilicate clay minerals as the water activity increased; however, no differences were observed between the Ca- and Mg-exchanged samples. This study shows that the molecular properties of water on Ca- and Mg-exchanged soil clays are similar to that on specimen clays and provides new insight about the role of exchangeable cations in soils. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Dontsova, KM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM dontsova.1@osu.edu RI Johnston, Cliff/B-2215-2009 OI Johnston, Cliff/0000-0002-8462-9724 NR 50 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1218 EP 1227 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837EX UT WOS:000222612400012 ER PT J AU Parkin, TB Kaspar, TC AF Parkin, TB Kaspar, TC TI Temporal variability of soil carbon dioxide flux: Effect of sampling frequency on cumulative carbon loss estimation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; CO2 FLUX; RESPIRATION AB It is well known that soil CO2 flux can exhibit pronounced day-to-day variations; however, measurements Of soil CO2 flux with soil chambers typically are done only at discrete points in time. This study evaluated the impact of sampling frequency on the precision of cumulative CO2 flux estimates calculated from field measurements. Automated chambers were deployed at two sites in a no-till corn/soybean field and operated in open system mode to measure soil CO2 fluxes every hour from 4 March 2000 through 6 June 2000. Sampling frequency effects on cumulative CO2-C flux estimation were assessed with a jackknife technique whereby the populations of measured hourly fluxes were numerically sampled at regular time intervals ranging from 1 d to 20 d, and the resulting sets of jackknife fluxes were used to calculate estimates of cumulative CO2-C flux. We observed that as sampling interval increased from 1 d to 12 d, the variance associated with cumulative flux estimates increased. However, at sampling intervals of 12 to 20 d, variances were relatively constant. Sampling once every 3 d, estimates of cumulative C loss were within +/-20% of the expected value at both sites. As the time interval between sampling was increased, the potential deviation in estimated cumulative CO2 flux increased such that sampling once every 20 d yielded potential estimates within +60% and -40% of the actual cumulative CO2 flux. A stratified sampling scheme around rainfall events was also evaluated and was found to provide more precise estimates at lower sampling intensities. These results should aid investigators to develop sampling designs to minimize the effects of temporal variability on cumulative CO2-C estimation. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Parkin, TB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM parkin@nstl.gov NR 20 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1234 EP 1241 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837EX UT WOS:000222612400014 ER PT J AU Nguyen, BV Olk, DC Cassman, KG AF Nguyen, BV Olk, DC Cassman, KG TI Characterization of humic acid fractions improves estimates of nitrogen mineralization kinetics for lowland rice soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; IRRIGATED RICE; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; USE EFFICIENCY; HUMIFICATION; TROPICS; SYSTEMS; IMMOBILIZATION; STABILIZATION; ACCUMULATION AB Nitrogen mineralization in irrigated lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) soils is poorly predicted by total soil C and N. To improve its prediction, two humic acid fractions were extracted with NaOH from lowland rice soils of Vietnam and the Philippines to evaluate their influence on N mineralization kinetics during 84-d anaerobic incubations. Indicative of young organic matter, the mobile humic acid (MHA) fraction had a smaller C/N ratio and optical density at 465 nm (E(4)) than did the calcium humate (CaHA) fraction, which was extracted after removal of polyvalent cations from the soil. Nitrogen contents of both fractions combined represented 15 to 30% of total soil N. Nitrogen mineralization followed a two-pool first- and zero-order kinetic model during the incubations. More than 80% of the variation in the size of a rapidly mineralizable N pool (NI) was explained by soil organic C. However, stepwise regressions using whole soil variables explained only 27% of the variation in the rate constant for the rapidly mineralizable N pool and 36% of the variation in the rate constant for a slower steady-state phase. Prediction of the two rate constants was improved to 64 and 75%, respectively, and of N(1) to 97% by including MHA and CaHA properties in the stepwise regressions. All three mineralization parameters were negatively correlated with the degree of humification in these humic fractions. The degree of humification was positively associated with exchangeable polyvalent cations (Ca(+2) and Mg(+2)) and negatively associated with exchangeable K(+), suggesting an influence of exchangeable cations on the turnover of young organic matter. We conclude that better understanding the contribution of these humic fractions to short-term N cycling will improve our ability to predict N supply in lowland rice soils. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Can Tho Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Can Tho, Vietnam. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Olk, DC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM olk@nstl.gov NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1266 EP 1277 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837EX UT WOS:000222612400018 ER PT J AU Ve, NB Olk, DC Cassman, KG AF Ve, NB Olk, DC Cassman, KG TI Nitrogen mineralization from humic acid fractions in rice soils depends on degree of humification SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL LOWLAND SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; RESONANCE; CARBON AB Although the chemical nature of soil organic matter (SOM) is thought to affect the mineralization rate of N bound in SOM, little direct evidence exists for such effects. To test the hypothesis that the N mineralization rate is affected by the degree of SOM humification, we added equivalent amounts of humic acid (HA) N as either the labile mobile humic acid (MHA) fraction or the more humified calcium humate (CaHA) fraction to two lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) soils, which were subsequently incubated under anaerobic conditions for 6 wk. The HA fractions had been chemically extracted from seven irrigated lowland rice soils from Vietnam and the Philippines. In both incubation soils, the amount of N mineralized from the added HA fractions decreased exponentially as the optical density of the HA at 465 nm (E-4, index of humification) increased (R-2 = 0.94-0.98). Mineralization of humic N was also strongly negatively associated with the amount of N or C contained in each HA fraction per kilogram of soil extracted, suggesting a more recalcitrant nature of the fractions in those soils where conditions allowed them to accumulate. Nitrogen mineralization was less for both the MHA (by 26%) and CaHA (by 41%) when incubated in the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) soil compared with the Tanhoi soil. The most plausible explanation for this decrease is increased stabilization of the added HA by the relatively abundant Ca+2 in the IRRI soil. We conclude that the degree of humification of the MHA and CaHA fractions plays an important role in governing the rate of N mineralization in lowland rice soils because (i) N mineralization from these fractions was affected by their degree of humification, and (ii) the fractions are a small but important component of total soil N. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Can Tho Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Can Tho, Vietnam. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Olk, DC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM olk@nstl.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1278 EP 1284 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837EX UT WOS:000222612400019 ER PT J AU Fox, GA Sabbagh, GJ Searcy, SW Yang, C AF Fox, GA Sabbagh, GJ Searcy, SW Yang, C TI An automated soil line identification routine for remotely sensed images SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION INDEXES; ORGANIC-MATTER; RED AB The soil line is a linear relationship between the near-infrared (NIR) and red (R) reflectance of bare soil as characterized by slope and intercept parameters. Vegetation indices use soil line parameters extensively in crop growth analyses. Research indicates that the soil line can be related to site-specific soil conditions within a field, especially organic C content. This relationship may provide a means for directing soil sampling. However, these soil and crop growth remotely sensed predictions require accurate estimates of soil line parameters. Determining soil line parameters by manually extracting reflectance characteristics of bare soil pixels can be cumbersome. This research proposes an automated soil line identification routine capable of deriving soil line parameters from bare soil or vegetated remotely sensed images. The automated routine estimates soil line parameters by deriving a set of minimum NIR digital numbers across the R band range. Pixels that contradict soil line theory are removed through an iterative process. The routine was evaluated using bare soil images of two fields in the Midwest USA and 15 multispectral digital video images of South Texas grain sorghum fields dominated by vegetated cover. This research compared soil line parameters derived from the automated routine to actual soil line parameters obtained by extracting R and NIR digital numbers from identifiable bare soil pixels within the images and also by manually inspecting plots of R versus NIR digital numbers for all pixels within an image. The routine performed reasonably well in matching the estimated actual soil line parameters with minimal adjustment between images. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Bayer CropSci, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, 208 Carrier Hall, University, MS 38677 USA. EM gafox@olemiss.edu NR 22 TC 24 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1326 EP 1331 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837EX UT WOS:000222612400024 ER PT J AU Zheng, FL Merrill, SD Huang, CH Tanaka, DL Darboux, F Liebig, MA Halvorson, AD AF Zheng, FL Merrill, SD Huang, CH Tanaka, DL Darboux, F Liebig, MA Halvorson, AD TI Runoff, soil erosion, and erodibility of conservation reserve program land under crop and hay production SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT DELIVERY; ORGANIC-MATTER; TILLAGE; INFILTRATION; SYSTEM; WATER; GRASSLAND; PIEDMONT; RESIDUE; REGIMES AB There are concerns that restored grasslands currently under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) will experience increased soil erosion when they are returned to crop production. Our objective was to compare runoff, erosion, and erodibility on CRP land converted to annual hay production (permanent bayed, PH) and crop production under conventional-till (preplant disk tillage, CT) and no-till (NT) management. Erosion study was conducted in central North Dakota on Typic Argiustoll soil 6 yr after the CRP land had been converted to hay production and crop production with a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) -winter wheat-dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation. Runoff volumes and soil loss (by alum precipitation of sediment) were measured on 1.5 by 5 m bordered plots on 4% slope under a rainfall simulator delivering 1- to 3-h rains at 50 or 75 nun h(-1), followed by three rains of 20 min or less at rates from 25 to 125 mm h(-1). Erodibility was calculated from ratios and regressions of soil loss rates versus runoff rates measured at relative steady state. Runoff rates from 50 and 75 mm h(-1) rains for CT, NT, and PH averaged 9, 12, and 21 mm h(-1), respectively, and supported soil loss rates of 20, 7, and 8 g m(-2) h(-1). Erodibility of undisturbed CT, NT, and PH was 1.65, 0.29, and 0.28 g m(-2) mm(-1), respectively, showing NT did not differ from PH and that CT management increased erodibility six-fold above PH. Thorough disk tillage increased erodibility three-fold over CT, 15-fold over NT, and nine-fold over PH. Complete, nondisturbing residue removal increased erodibility less than tillage, from 1.2 times for CT to 2.5 times for NT. Chemically weeded NT exhibited the same low erodibility as the grassland PH treatment under the conditions of study-4% land slope, above average precipitation, and a residue-productive crop rotation. However, erodibility of tilled NT was significantly higher than that of tilled PH, showing the higher inherent stability of grassland surface soil with its perennial plant root structures. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, SPNRU, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. INRA, Orleans Sci Sol, F-45166 Olivet, France. Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Merrill, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM merrills@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1332 EP 1341 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837EX UT WOS:000222612400025 ER PT J AU Wilts, AR Reicosky, DC Allmaras, RR Clapp, CE AF Wilts, AR Reicosky, DC Allmaras, RR Clapp, CE TI Long-term corn residue effects: Harvest alternatives, soil carbon turnover, and root-derived carbon SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATURAL C-13 ABUNDANCE; ORGANIC-MATTER TURNOVER; ZEA-MAYS L.; CROP RESIDUE; BLACK CHERNOZEM; TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; FERTILIZATION AB A better understanding of C turnover, with estimates of root-derived C, is needed to manage soil C sequestration. The objective was to evaluate the long-term treatment and environmental effects on unharvestable soil C components. Two N fertilizer treatments and a control were imposed during 29 yr of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) with stover removal as silage vs. stover return during grain harvest with moldboard plow (MB) tillage. Soil organic carbon (SOC) declined and natural C-13 abundance (delta(13)C) increased during the 29-yr period. Field averages of SOC and delta(13)C (0-30 cm) were 96.4 Mg ha(-1) and -17.3parts per thousand in 1965; respective values in 1995 were 78.9 Mg ha(-1) and -16.6parts per thousand. Loss of SOC was greater with stover removed or no fertilization, but VC increased for all treatments. Stover yield (SY), SOC, and VC data were applied to a model to estimate unharvestable C and predict total source C (SC) input from corn. The SC for 29 yr totaled 172 to 189 Mg ha(-1) when stover was harvested and 268 to 284 Mg ha(-1) when stover was returned. The SC input from unharvestable sources was 1.8 times more than SC from aboveground stover when N was added and 1.7 when N was not added. The root-to-shoot ratio was 1.1 when N was added and 1.2 with no N. Only 5.3% of the SC was retained as SOC. Unharvestable C contributions to rhizodeposition are much larger than suggested from controlled studies including C-enriched CO2 followed by soil respiration or CO2 efflux measurements. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Wilts, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM wilts@morris.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 95 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 46 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1342 EP 1351 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837EX UT WOS:000222612400026 ER PT J AU Eynard, A Schumacher, TE Lindstrom, MJ Malo, DD AF Eynard, A Schumacher, TE Lindstrom, MJ Malo, DD TI Aggregate sizes and stability in cultivated South Dakota prairie Ustolls and Usterts SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SILT LOAM SOILS; ORGANIC-MATTER; AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT; NO-TILLAGE; MORPHOLOGY; ONTARIO; SYSTEM; CARBON AB Soil structural stability often decreases as the intensity of cultivation increases. The effect of three different management systems (grass, no-till, and till) on soil aggregate stability and sizes were studied in six Ustolls and two Usterts on central South Dakota farms. Soil structure was morphologically described throughout the profile. Stability of dry and wet aggregates in the topsoil was tested by dry and wet sieving. Most structural changes were observed in the top 0 to 0.20 m. Granular structure was dominant under grass, whereas plates, blocks, and compacted layers were most common in conventionally tilled and no-till soils. The largest mean weight diameters (MWD) of dry aggregates were found in no-till soils (10 mm vs. 7 in till and 6 in grass). Wet aggregate stability was higher in grass (87%) than in cultivated soils (70%). After about 10 yr of no-till management, no-till soil aggregates were significantly more stable (5% for wet and 32% for dry aggregates) than till aggregates only in the top 0 to 0.05 m. The structural stability of cultivated soils was greater in Usterts than in Ustolls. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Schumacher, TE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, 247A NPB,Box 2410C, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM thomas_schumacher@sdstate.edu NR 31 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1360 EP 1365 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837EX UT WOS:000222612400028 ER PT J AU Allmaras, RR Linden, DR Clapp, CE AF Allmaras, RR Linden, DR Clapp, CE TI Corn-residue transformations into root and soil carbon as related to nitrogen, tillage, and stover management SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATURAL C-13 ABUNDANCE; ORGANIC-MATTER TURNOVER; ZEA-MAYS L.; CROP RESIDUE; MAIZE; SEQUESTRATION; RESPIRATION; DYNAMICS; STORAGE; FIELD AB Soil organic carbon (SOC) is sensitive to management of tillage, residue (stover) harvest, and N fertilization in corn (Zea mays L.), but little is known about associated root biomass including rhizodeposition. Natural C isotope abundance (delta(13)C) and total C content, measured in paired plots of stover harvest and return were used to estimate corn-derived SOC (cdSOC) and the contribution of nonharvestable biomass (crown, roots, and rhizodeposits) to the SOC pool. Rhizodeposition was estimated for each treatment in a factorial of three tillage treatments (moldboard, MB; chisel, CH; and no-till, NT), two N fertilizer rates (200 and 0 kg N ha(-1)), and two corn residue managements. Treatments influenced cdSOC across a wide range (6.8-17.8 Mg C ha(-1)). Nitrogen fertilization increased stover C by 20%, cdSOC by only 1.9 Mg C ha(-1), and increased rhizodeposition by at least 110% compared with that with no N fertilizer. Stover harvest vs. stover return reduced total source carbon (SC) by 20%, cdSOC by 35%, and total SOC. The amount of stover source carbon ((S)SC) responded to tillage (MB > CH > NT), but tillage affected the amount of cdSOC differently (NT > CH > MB). Total SOC was maintained only by both N fertilization and stover return during the 13-yr period. The ratio of SC in the nonharvestable biomass to (S)SC ranged from 1.01 to 3.49; a ratio of 0.6 conforms to a root-to-shoot ratio of 0.4 when the root biomass includes 50% rhizodeposits. Tillage controlled the fraction of SC retained as cdSOC (i.e., humified; 0.26 for NT and 0.11 for MB and CH), even though N fertilization, stover harvest, and tillage all significantly influenced SC. Decomposition of labile rhizodeposits was a major component of the nonhumified fraction. Rhizodeposition was as much as three times greater than suggested by laboratory and other controlled studies. To understand and manage the entire C cycle, roots and rhizodeposition must be included in the analysis at the field level. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Clapp, CE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM eclapp@umn.edu NR 54 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 58 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1366 EP 1375 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837EX UT WOS:000222612400029 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Nearing, MA Garbrecht, JD Steiner, JL AF Zhang, XC Nearing, MA Garbrecht, JD Steiner, JL TI Downscaling monthly forecasts to simulate impacts of climate change on soil erosion and wheat production SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; SCENARIOS; YIELDS; RUNOFF; CLIGEN; MODELS AB Climate change can affect agricultural production and soil and water conservation. The potential for global climate changes to increase the risk of soil erosion is clear, but the actual damage is not. The objectives of this study were to develop a method for downscaling monthly climate forecasts to daily weather series using a climate generator (CLIGEN), and to determine the potential impacts of projected mean and variance changes in precipitation and temperature on soil erosion and wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) yield. Monthly forecasts for the periods of 1950-1999 and 2056-2085 for the Oklahoma region, projected by a general circulation model (HadCM3), were used. Projected mean and variance changes in precipitation and temperatures between the two periods were satisfactorily incorporated into CLIGEN input parameters derived for the El Reno station, Oklahoma, and future transitional probabilities of precipitation occurrence were estimated as a linear function of historical monthly precipitation. Five climate change scenarios were constructed, and the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was run for each combination of five climate scenarios and three tillage systems. A 50% increase in CO2 resulted in some 26% increase in wheat yield. At that elevated CO2 level, projected decrease in total precipitation decreased surface runoff, soil loss, and wheat yield. However, predicted changes in precipitation variance increased runoff by 15 to 17%, and increased soil loss by 110 and 19% under conservation and conventional tillage, respectively. Predicted increase in mean temperature reduced wheat yield by 31%, and increased soil loss by 40 and 19% under conservation and conventional tillage, respectively. Under the assumed climate change, predicted average soil loss under conventional tillage was about 2.6 times that under conservation tillage and 29 times that under no-till. With all changes considered, predicted average wheat yield during 2056-2085, compared with the present climate at the present CO2 level, would decrease by 12%; runoff would increase by <7%; and soil loss would increase by <8% in all tillage systems. Overall results indicate that adoption of conservation tillage and no-till will be effective in controlling soil erosion under projected climate change used in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM zhang@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1376 EP 1385 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837EX UT WOS:000222612400030 ER PT J AU Rachman, A Anderson, SH Gantzer, CJ Alberts, EE AF Rachman, A Anderson, SH Gantzer, CJ Alberts, EE TI Soil hydraulic properties influenced by stiff-stemmed grass hedge systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER RETENTION; TILLAGE; COMPACTION; RUNOFF; CLAY; LOAM AB The effectiveness of stiff-stemmed grass hedge systems in controlling runoff and soil erosion is influenced by the water transport properties of the soil under grass hedge management. This study evaluated soil hydraulic properties within a grass hedge system 10 yr after establishment. The study was conducted at the USDA-ARS research station near Treynor, IA in a field managed with switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) hedges. The soil was classified as Monona silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls). Three positions were sampled: within the grass hedges, within the deposition zone 0.5 m upslope from the grass hedges, and within the row crop area 7 m upslope from the hedges. Intact soil samples (76 by 76 mm) were taken from the three positions at four depths (100-mm increments) to determine saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (K-sat), bulk density (rho(b)) and soil water retention. The grass hedge position had significantly greater (P < 0.05) macroporosity than the row crop and deposition positions in the first two depths and greater than the deposition position in the last two depths. The K-sat within the grass hedge (668 mm h(-1)) was six times greater than in the row crop position (115 mm h(-1)) and 18 times greater than in the deposition position (37 turn h(-1)) for the surface 10 cm. Bulk density and macroporosity were found to provide the best two-parameter regression model for predicting the log-transformed K-sat (R-2 = 0.68). These results indicate that grass hedges significantly affected soil hydraulic properties for this loess soil. C1 Indonesia Ctr Soil & Agroclimate Res & Dev, Bogor 16123, Indonesia. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Anderson, SH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM AndersonS@missouri.edu NR 31 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1386 EP 1393 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 837EX UT WOS:000222612400031 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW van der Werff, H AF Meerow, AW van der Werff, H TI Pucara (Amaryllidaceae) reduced to synonymy with Stenomesson on the basis of nuclear and plastid DNA Spacer sequences, and a new related species of Stenomesson SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; CHLOROPLAST DNA; PHYLOGENY; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; INCONGRUENCE; SUBSTITUTION; SYSTEMATICS; CONGRUENCE; ALIGNMENT AB Pucara leucantha is transferred to Stenomesson as Stenomesson leucanthum based on the phylogenetic Position of Pucara resolved by nuclear and plastid DNA sequences. An allied species, Stenomesson chloranthum, is described from the Departments of Amazonas and Cajamarca in Peru, but at lower elevations. Both of these species release their pollen in tetrads, unique within Amaryllidaceae, and have tri-lobed stigmas, unique within Stenotnesson. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Fairchild Trop Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1600/0363644041744400 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 851RJ UT WOS:000223702400002 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM Yao, J AF Cardamone, JM Yao, J TI DCCA shrinkproofing of wool - Part II: Improving whiteness and surface properties SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In Part I, 20% owf DCCA treatment of wool fabric provided complete shrinkage control, but yellowness and deterioration of fabric handle resulted. In Part II, a modified 20% owf DCCA treatment overcomes these limitations. This is an improvement over the conventional two-step process in which DCCA chlorination is followed by resin application to prevent shrinkage in wool fabrics. In step 1 of the treatment, gluconic acid (GA) is applied with DCCA. After neutralization and antichlorination, GA is applied with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The role of GA is to moderate the harsh effects of DCCA and H2O2 as documented by scanning electron micrographs of the fibers and improved surface properties of the fabrics. Although the level of DCCA is high, all released chlorine is consumed, and residual chlorine found in spent baths is less than 2%. This modified DCCA system can serve as a model for choosing components when designing alternative systems to chlorination for shrinkage control. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jcardamone@arserrc.gov NR 4 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 74 IS 7 BP 565 EP 570 DI 10.1177/004051750407400701 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 841VJ UT WOS:000222959400001 ER PT J AU Tek, AL Stevenson, WR Helgeson, JP Jiang, J AF Tek, AL Stevenson, WR Helgeson, JP Jiang, J TI Transfer of tuber soft rot and early blight resistances from Solanum brevidens into cultivated potato SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CYTOGENETIC DNA MARKERS; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; FIELD-RESISTANCE; BREEDING LINES; SEXUAL PROGENY; BULBOCASTANUM; RECOMBINATION; INTROGRESSION; CHROMOSOMES; RFLP AB Tuber soft rot and early blight are serious potato diseases. Development of potato varieties resistant to these diseases has been hindered by the scarcity of resistant germplasm. A diploid wild species, Solanum brevidens, shows significant resistance to both diseases. Numerous potato breeding lines have been developed from a potato-S. brevidens somatic hybrid, A206. A BC3 clone, C75-5+297, derived from this somatic hybrid as well as its BC1 and BC2 parental lines showed resistance to both tuber soft rot and early blight. Clone C75-5+297 has consistently out-yielded common varieties under disease stress. Using both molecular and cytogenetic approaches we demonstrated that a single copy of chromosome 8 from S. brevidens replaced a potato chromosome 8 in C75-5+297. Thus, C75-5+297 represents a potato-S. brevidens chromosome substitution line. Our results suggest that the presence of a single chromosome from S. brevidens may significantly impact the resistance to multiple potato diseases. The high yield potential of C75-5+297 makes it an excellent parent for developing potato varieties with resistances to both tuber soft rot and early blight. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jiang, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jjiang1@wisc.edu RI Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009; Tek, Ahmet L./G-5100-2012 OI Tek, Ahmet L./0000-0002-3292-5142 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 109 IS 2 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1638-4 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 842NT UT WOS:000223011800001 PM 15052402 ER PT J AU Warnke, SE Barker, RE Jung, G Sim, SC Mian, MAR Saha, MC Brilman, LA Dupal, MP Forster, JW AF Warnke, SE Barker, RE Jung, G Sim, SC Mian, MAR Saha, MC Brilman, LA Dupal, MP Forster, JW TI Genetic linkage mapping of an annual x perennial ryegrass population SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; MARKERS; MAP; BARLEY; AFLP; INHERITANCE; INTEGRATION; LOCUS; CROSS; L. AB Annual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and perennial (L. perenne L.) ryegrass are two common forage and turfgrass species grown throughout the world. Perennial ryegrass is most commonly used for turfgrass purposes, and contamination by annual ryegrass, through physical seed mixing or gene flow, can result in a significant reduction in turfgrass quality. Seed certifying agencies in the United States currently use a test called seedling root fluorescence (SRF) to detect contamination between these species. The SRF test, however, can be inaccurate and therefore, the development of additional markers for species separation is needed. Male and female molecular-marker linkage maps of an interspecific annual x perennial ryegrass mapping population were developed to determine the map location of the SRF character and to identify additional genomic regions useful for species separation. A total of 235 AFLP markers, 81 RAPD markers, 16 comparative grass RFLPs, 106 SSR markers, 2 isozyme loci and 2 morphological characteristics, 8-h flowering, and SRF were used to construct the maps. RFLP markers from oat and barley and SSR markers from tall fescue and other grasses allowed the linkage groups to be numbered, relative to the Triticeae and the International Lolium Genome Initative reference population P150/112. The three-generation population structure allowed both male and female maps to be constructed. The male and female maps each have seven linkage groups, but differ in map length with the male map being 537 cm long and the female map 712 cm long. Regions of skewed segregation were identified in both maps with linkage groups 1, 3, and 6 of the male map showing the highest percentage of skewed markers. The (SRF) character mapped to linkage group 1 in both the male and female maps, and the 8-h flowering character was also localized to this linkage group on the female map. In addition, the Sod-1 isozyme marker, which can separate annual and perennial ryegrasses, mapped to linkage group 7. These results indicate that Lolium linkage groups 1 and 7 may provide additional markers and candidate genes for use in ryegrass species separation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20002 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. Seed Res Oregon, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Amersham Biosci Pty Ltd, Castle Hill, NSW 2154, Australia. La Trobe Univ, Ctr Plant Biotechnol, Primary Ind Res Victoria, Dept Primary Ind, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. RP Warnke, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM warnkes@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 109 IS 2 BP 294 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1647-3 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 842NT UT WOS:000223011800007 PM 15071730 ER PT J AU Hilderbrand, RH Kershner, JL AF Hilderbrand, RH Kershner, JL TI Are there differences in growth and condition between mobile and resident cutthroat trout? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; BROWN TROUT; TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR; COHO SALMON; STREAM; HABITAT; EMIGRATION; ABUNDANCE; PARADIGM; CHARR AB There is evidence that actively moving salmonids are of lower condition than the general population, and they are sometimes regarded as inferior to resident fish. However, little information exists on the permanence of this attribute. We used mark-recapture and two-way traps to determine whether there are differences in the condition and growth of mobile and resident Bonneville cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki utah in Beaver Creek, Idaho. Actively moving fish were significantly larger than the general population, and the largest of these mobile fish were in significantly lower condition for a given size. However, mobile fish that were marked and recaptured a year later had regained condition equivalent to that of the general population upon their recapture, and the largest mobile fish had significantly greater condition than fish of equal length in the general population. In contrast, there was no relationship between growth rate and the total distance moved during the 1-year period. These results suggest that the lower condition of actively moving fish does not have permanent effects on future condition or growth in stream-resident cutthroat trout. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. Utah State Univ, Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hilderbrand, RH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM rhilderbrand@al.umces.edu RI Hilderbrand, Robert/H-9807-2013 OI Hilderbrand, Robert/0000-0003-0923-7699 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1042 EP 1046 DI 10.1577/T03-015.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 838IY UT WOS:000222708100018 ER PT J AU Brushwood, DE AF Brushwood, DE TI The influence of cotton noncellulosic naturally occurring materials on yarn processing properties SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE break factor correlation; cotton; evenness; extraction; friction; metal; noncellulosic; processing performance; quality; ring spinning; rotor spinning; strength; sugar; wax AB Cotton fibers contain naturally occurring noncellulosic materials such as sugars, wax, metals, and other organic species that may significantly affect textile yarn manufacturing efficiency, processing performance, and quality. Chemical and physical tests were conducted on raw cottons from different U.S. growing areas to determine the effect of different concentrations of these materials and fiber frictional properties on rotor and ring spinning performance and yam properties. Yarn break factors and single yarn strengths were found to increase, and evenness thick and thin places were found to decrease, as levels of ethyl alcohol extractions, the metals potassium and magnesium, and RotorRing friction increased. Yam strengths decreased and thick and thin places increased in ring spinning as levels of the metal calcium increased. Ring yarn neps increased and rotor yarn neps decreased as alcohol extractions, wax levels, potassium and magnesium content, and fiber to metal friction increased. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Brushwood, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM dbrushw@clemson.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 995 EP 1002 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 849WX UT WOS:000223573300003 ER PT J AU Muck, RE AF Muck, RE TI Effects of corn silage inoculants on aerobic stability SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE International Meeting CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP ASAE DE aerobic stability; corn; inoculant; lactic acid bacteria; silage ID LACTOBACILLUS-BUCHNERI; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; LACTIC-ACID; MAIZE SILAGE; DAIRY-COWS; FERMENTATION; LACTOBACILLUS-BUCHNERI-40788; PLANTARUM; ALFALFA; GROWTH AB Aerobic stability of corn silage can be a major problem for farmers, particularly in warm weather. Silage inoculants, while the most common type of silage additive, have not been consistently effective at improving aerobic stability. This study investigated the efficacy of new inoculant products on corn silage in mini-silos over three trials (one per year). Two new approaches were tested: an enhanced homofermentative inoculant, and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus buchneri). These approaches were compared with untreated as well as three standard homofermentative lactic acid bacterial inoculants. The standard inoculants on average reduced aerobic stability 12 h relative to untreated silage. The enhanced inoculant increased stability, in one of three trials. The L. buchneri inoculants improved stability consistently in all three trials except in one case where one of these products had low viability, Of the new inoculants, the L. buchneri products appear to be most consistent at improving the aerobic stability of corn silage. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Muck, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM remuck@wisc.edu NR 17 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1011 EP 1016 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 849WX UT WOS:000223573300005 ER PT J AU Evans, RG AF Evans, RG TI Energy balance of apples under evaporative cooling SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE evaporation; irrigation systems; orchards; sprinklers ID OVERTREE SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; RED DELICIOUS APPLES; QUALITY AB Sunburn (or sun scald) of fruit surfaces exposed to direct sun is a major economic problem of fresh apples and other important horticultural crops. There is a critical need to maximize evaporative efficiency and avoid excessive water use. A process-based energy balance model has been developed and compared with field data for apple skin temperatures during evaporative cooling to reduce sunburn on apples in the Pacific Northwest. The model worked well, although it tended to slightly overpredict during times with high advective heat energy. Automated control of evaporative cooling by cycling based on fruit core temperatures worked well in a controlled test stand and minimized total water use. Model results support the management of overtree evaporative cooling systems based on pulsing water applications at sufficiently high rates so that sufficient free water evaporating from the fruit surface will maintain core temperatures of exposed fruit in the 30degreesC to 32degreesC range. Results indicated that the model could potentially be used with sensor (e.g., thermocouples) feedback for the initiation, management, and control of overtree evaporative cooling systems to reduce sunburn and conserve water. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Evans, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM revans@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1029 EP 1037 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 849WX UT WOS:000223573300007 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC AF Zhang, XC TI Calibration, refinement, and application of the WEPP model for simulating climatic impact on wheat production SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CLIGEN; crop model; impact assessment; weather generator; WEPP ID CROP PRODUCTION; PREDICTION; CLIGEN; RUNOFF AB Agricultural system models are useful tools for tailoring agricultural production systems to possible climate variations. The objectives of this work were: (1) to evaluate and calibrate the water balance and crop components of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model and to make improvements if necessary, and (2) to simulate hydrologic and crop responses to generated climate scenarios for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Precipitation, surface runoff, soil moisture, and wheat biomass collected between 1980 and 1996 on a 1.6 ha watershed near El Reno, Oklahoma, were used. Two contrasting (wet and dry) climate scenarios were generated using a climate generator (CLIGEN) for assessing the overall sensitivity of WEPP to climate variations. Optimized saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) agreed well with field-measured K-s indicating that the infiltration routine of the model functioned properly. WEPPs original water use function substantially overpredicted plant water uptake and therefore was modified. The revised water use function resulted in better predictions of soil water balance, plant water stress, and biomass production. Predicted aboveground biomass agreed relatively well with measured data (model efficiency = 0.5). However wheat grain yields were less well predicted because of inadequate adjustments to harvest index in the model. The general relationship between total aboveground biomass and growing-season evapotranspiration for winter wheat was reasonably simulated by the model. Model simulations under the generated wet and dry scenarios showed that each percent increase in growing-season precipitation would result in, on average, 3.38%, 0.34%, 0.73%, 1.09%, and 0.81% increases in surface runoff, plant transpiration, soil evaporation, deep percolation, and wheat grain yield, respectively, under the study conditions. This work has shown that WEPP is capable of simulating hydrologic and crop responses to climate variations. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1085 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 849WX UT WOS:000223573300011 ER PT J AU Haggard, BE Ekka, SA Matlock, MD Chaubey, I AF Haggard, BE Ekka, SA Matlock, MD Chaubey, I TI Phosphate equilibrium between stream sediments and water: Potential effect of chemical amendments SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE aluminum sulfate; phosphorus; sediments; water quality; WWTP ID PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS; SEWAGE EFFLUENT; RIVER; LAKE; ADSORPTION; RELEASE; SOIL AB Sediments often play an important role in the temporary storage and release of phosphorus (P) in streams, especially streams receiving municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. The objective of this study was to evaluate sediment-aqueous phase P equilibrium in four Ozark streams, and to determine the effect of alum (Al-2(SO4)(3)) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on stream sediment-P interactions and content of exchangeable P Stream physicochemical properties were significantly affected by the effluent discharge from the WWTPs; of particular interest to this study was that the increase in P concentrations varied greatly among streams. Phosphorus inputs from WWTP significantly increased sediment equilibrium P concentrations (sediment-EPC0) and readily exchangeable sediment-bound P, while decreasing the P buffering capacity of stream sediments. Sediment-EPC0 values were as great as 7 mg L-1 downstream from one WWTP, suggesting that sediments are a transient storage pool of P and may release P back into the stream system when P inputs from the WWTP are reduced. The addition of alum and CaCO3 significantly reduced the sediment-EPC0 and readily exchangeable P, while increasing the ability of sediments to buffer increasing P loads. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Haggard, BE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM haggard@uark.edu NR 30 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1113 EP 1118 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 849WX UT WOS:000223573300015 ER PT J AU Boldor, D Sanders, TH Simunovic, J AF Boldor, D Sanders, TH Simunovic, J TI Dielectric properties of in-shell and shelled peanuts at microwave frequencies SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea L; dielectric constant; dielectric loss factor; dielectric properties; peanut; microwaves ID MOISTURE DEPENDENCE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; WHEAT; PERMITTIVITY; PREDICTION; KERNELS; PECANS; CORN AB Dielectric properties (epsilon', epsilon") of ground samples of in-shell and shelled peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) were measured for several densities, temperatures, and moisture contents in the range of 300 to 3000 MHz. Dielectric mixture equations were used to correlate the dielectric properties with density. The coefficients of quadratic and linear dielectric mixture equations are tabulated for 915 and 2450 MHz, for different temperatures and moisture contents. The values of the dielectric constant (epsilon') and loss factor (epsilon") of bulk in-shell and shelled peanuts were determined by extrapolation of the first and second-order polynomials that relate epsilon' and epsilon" with density. An equation that determines the dielectric properties of "nominal" peanut pods (in-shell peanuts) and kernels (shelled peanuts) as a function of their temperature and moisture content was determined by using multiple linear regression. C1 N Carolina State Univ, MQHRU, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanders, TH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, MQHRU, USDA ARS, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim_sanders@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1159 EP 1169 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 849WX UT WOS:000223573300021 ER PT J AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO TI Microwave dielectric properties of shelled and unshelled peanuts SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL HONOLULU, HI SP ASAE DE bulk density; dielectric properties; free space; microwaves; moisture content; shelled peanuts; unshelled peanuts ID MOISTURE-CONTENT; BULK-DENSITY; SOLIDS; GRAIN; WHEAT AB Dielectric properties of shelled and unshelled peanuts were measured with a firee-space-transmission technique at room temperature (23degrees C) between 2 and 18 GHz, over wide ranges of bulk density and moisture content. For better accuracy, a pair of horn/lens antennas providing a focused beam was used, the sample was placed in a tunnel-shaped enclosure made of radiation-absorbing material to isolate it from surroundings, the sample thickness was selected to keep the attenuation between 10 dB and the maximum attenuation measurable by the vector network analyzer (VNA), and time-domain gating was applied to the main response. Typical variations of the dielectric properties with bulk density and moisture content are shown at 8 GHz and 23degrees C Data, normalized to the lowest bulk density for each sample with the Landau and Lifshitz, Loovenga mixture equation, are tabulated for frequency ranges over which data of high validity were obtained. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, QARU, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, QARU, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM strabelsi@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1215 EP 1222 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 849WX UT WOS:000223573300027 ER PT J AU Razote, EB Maghirang, RG Seitz, LM Jeon, IJ AF Razote, EB Maghirang, RG Seitz, LM Jeon, IJ TI Characterization of volatile organic compounds on airborne dust in a swine finishing barn SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE International Meeting CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP ASAE DE airborne dust; purge and trap; solvent extraction; SPME; swine ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; PURGE-AND-TRAP; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACIDS; LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ODOROUS COMPOUNDS; ELECTRONIC NOSE; WASTES; EXTRACTION AB Three methods of extracting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) adsorbed on the airborne dust in a swine finishing building were investigated: solvent extraction using dichloromethane, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) and PDMS fibers, and purge and trap. Airborne dust was first collected in pre-baked glass-fiber filters and analyzed using each of the three methods. Solvent extraction with dichloromethane extracted only some high-boiling point carboxylic acids. The SPME CAR/PDMS fiber extracted the low- to mid-boiling point VOCs such as the carboxylic acids, phenols, and indoles; while the PDMS fiber extracted more of the mid-boiling point compounds, specifically the aliphatic hydrocarbons, indoles, and some aldehydes. The purge and trap method extracted compounds with low- to midboiling points including volatile carboxylic acids, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, indoles, and esters. Quantitative analysis of five selected VOCs (i.e., acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, hexanal, and nonanal) using the purge and trap method showed acetic acid as generally the most abundant and nonanal as the least abundant. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Inst Food Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Maghirang, RG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 147 Seaton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM r.maghir@ksu.edu NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1231 EP 1238 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 849WX UT WOS:000223573300029 ER PT J AU Cheng, X Chen, YR Tao, Y Wang, CY Kim, MS Lefcourt, AM AF Cheng, X Chen, YR Tao, Y Wang, CY Kim, MS Lefcourt, AM TI A novel integrated PCA and FLD method on hyperspectral image feature extraction for cucumber chllling damage inspection SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE classification; dimensionality reduction; feature extraction; FLD; hyperspectral imaging; hyperspectral sensing; PCA; principal component ID MULTISPECTRAL DETECTION; FECAL CONTAMINATION; POULTRY CARCASSES; REFLECTANCE AB High-resolution hyperspectral imaging (HSI) provides an abundance of spectral data for feature analysis in image processing. Usually, the amount of information contained in hyperspectral images is excessive and redundant, and data mining for waveband selection is needed. In applications such as fruit and vegetable defect inspections, effective spectral combination and data fusing methods are required in order to select a few optimal wavelengths without losing the crucial information in the original hyperspectral data. In this article, we present a novel method that combines principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher's linear discriminant (FLD) method to show that the hybrid PCA-FLD method maximizes the representation and classification effects on the extracted new feature bands. The method is applied to the detection of chilling injury on cucumbers. Based on tests on different types of samples, results show that this new integrated PCA-FLD method outperforms the PCA and FLD methods when they are used separately for classifications. This method adds a new tool for the multivariate analysis of hyperspectral images and can be extended to other hyperspectral imaging applications for fruit and vegetable safety and quality inspections. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tao, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, 1426 Anim Sci Biol Resources Engn Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ytao@umd.edu NR 14 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1313 EP 1320 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 849WX UT WOS:000223573300038 ER PT J AU Byler, RK AF Byler, RK TI A device for rapidly predicting cotton lint moisture content SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE cotton; density; electrical resistance; instrument; lint; measurement; moisture content AB The moisture content (MC) of cotton lint can be predicted from measurements of electrical resistance. New, automated, resistance-type moisture meters for cotton make measurements in less than 1 s using DC excitation. The sample resistance changes rapidly during the first 10 s of the measurement, making conclusions based on older measurement technology, which took several seconds, questionable. Thus, a device capable of making measurements in less than 1 s and using DC excitation was designed, built, calibrated, and tested. Data showed that the device could measure the electrical current through the samples precisely and that the current was related to the sample moisture content. Regression analysis showed that the standard error in predicting MC was 0.20% over the range 4.1% to 8.7% (wet basis). The types of plastic tested for the sample holders did not affect the resistance. A strong relationship was found between the sample resistance and the sample density over the range of 0.4 to 1.4 g/cm(3). C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Byler, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rbyler@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1331 EP 1335 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 849WX UT WOS:000223573300040 ER PT J AU Diker, K Heermann, DF Bausch, WC Wright, DK AF Diker, K Heermann, DF Bausch, WC Wright, DK TI Shannon-Wiener's diversity index for linking yield monitor and remotely sensed data for corn SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE International Meeting CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP ASAE DE GIS; remote sensing; Shannon-Wiener diversity index; yield monitor ID VEGETATION AB Yield is the ultimate measure for quantifying the effect of agricultural inputs. Measurement of yield variability is needed for developing and evaluating site-specific crop management strategies. However there are many sources of error in measuring the actual yield variability. To assess the contribution of harvest practices to yield variability, yield monitor and aerial image data were collected in the 2000 growing season. Aerial images were collected by a DuncanTech MS3100 multispectral digital camera on two dates. The boundary effect on variability of yield monitor data was studied by successive clipping of yield monitor data for determining the effect of the harvester operations at the end of the field on the yield monitor errors. Results indicated that the correlations between grain yield and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at the V16 growth stage were improved as the field perimeter was clipped to 30.5 m inside of the field boundary; the coefficient of determination (r(2)) improved front 0.67 to 0.76. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (SWDI), an index used in ecological studies to determine how diverse a population is, showed that diversity at the perimeter was decreased as additional clipping of data occurred inside the field perimeter. The yield variability was considerably higher in the clipped areas than in other areas due to the speed of the harvester, headland harvest, and time for yield monitor fill-up and emptying. Areas of the highly diverse yield monitor were about twice that of remotely sensed data, as indicated by the SWDL Results indicated that the outer 6.1 in was responsible for about 34% of the high yield diversity at the perimeter of the field. The headland harvesting effect was included fully in that 34% high yield diversity. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Red Hen Syst Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Diker, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM kenan.diker@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1347 EP 1354 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 849WX UT WOS:000223573300042 ER PT J AU Neale, DB Savolainen, O AF Neale, DB Savolainen, O TI Association genetics of complex traits in conifers SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID PINUS-TAEDA L.; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; HUMAN GENOME; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SUBDIVIDED POPULATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SEQUENCE VARIATION; LOCI AB Association studies are becoming the experimental approach of choice to dissect complex traits in many organisms from humans to model plant systems. The candidate gene based-association approach has several important advantages for complex trait dissection in many coniferous forest tree species, including random mating and unstructured populations, adequate levels of nucleotide diversity, rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium, and precise evaluation of phenotype from clonal or progeny testing. Allele discovery using association approaches should lead to more-efficient methods of marker-assisted breeding and a deeper understanding of genetic adaptation in forest trees. C1 USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Forest Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oulu Univ, Dept Biol, Oulu, Finland. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Forest Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu NR 69 TC 258 Z9 277 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 9 IS 7 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.plants.2004.05.006 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 842NH UT WOS:000223010600004 PM 15231277 ER PT J AU Adams-Phillips, L Barry, C Giovannoni, J AF Adams-Phillips, L Barry, C Giovannoni, J TI Signal transduction systems regulating fruit ripening SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ETHYLENE-RESPONSE PATHWAY; INDUCIBLE GENE-EXPRESSION; RAF-LIKE KINASE; MADS-BOX GENE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NEVER-RIPE; OVULE DEVELOPMENT; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; EPINASTIC MUTANT; PROTEIN-KINASE AB Fruit ripening is a unique aspect of plant development with direct implications for a large component of the food supply and related areas of human health and nutrition. Recent advances in ripening research have given insights into the molecular basis of conserved developmental signals coordinating the ripening process and suggest that sequences related to floral development genes might be logical targets for additional discovery. Recent characterization of hormonal and environmental signal transduction components active in tomato fruit ripening (particularly ethylene and light) show conservation of signaling components yet novel gene family size and expression motifs that might facilitate complete and timely manifestation of ripening phenotypes. Emerging genomics tools and approaches are rapidly providing new clues and candidate genes that are expanding the known regulatory circuitry of ripening. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Giovannoni, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd,Cornell Campus, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu RI Barry, Cornelius/D-7759-2012; OI Barry, Cornelius/0000-0003-4685-0273 NR 77 TC 155 Z9 168 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 9 IS 7 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.05.004 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 842NH UT WOS:000223010600005 PM 15231278 ER PT J AU Dawson, HD Royaee, AR Nishi, S Kuhar, D Schnitzlein, WM Zuckermann, F Urban, J Lunney, JK AF Dawson, HD Royaee, AR Nishi, S Kuhar, D Schnitzlein, WM Zuckermann, F Urban, J Lunney, JK TI Identification of key immune mediators regulating T helper 1 responses in swine SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE swine; cytokine gene regulation; T helper 1 immunity; protozoan parasite ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CELLS; INFECTION; RESISTANCE; MECHANISMS; PATHWAYS; GAMMA; MYD88; MICE AB This publication describes the cloning of full or partial length sequences for pig TBX21 (T-bet), MYD88, ICSBP1, CD8A (CD8alpha), CD8B (CD8beta), and CD28 cDNAs. Real-time PCR assays have been developed for the relative quantitation of these products as well as previously characterized transcripts that encode exon A-containing CD45, HLX1, IRF1, STAT1 and RPL32. When used for examining temporal immune gene expression in the liver of Toxoplasma gondii infected pigs, the positive regulators of Th1 responses, IRF1, MYD88, and STAT1, were found to be expressed prior to the simultaneous upregulation of interferon gamma (IFNG), HLX1 and TBX21 gene expression. In contrast, in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN), only expression of IRF1 and IFNG was significantly upregulated. Based on their demonstrated utility in establishing an immune response pathway, these PCR assays should be valuable additions to our swine immune toolkit. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lunney, JK (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Bldg 1040,Rm 104,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jlunney@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Nishi, Sandra /H-1373-2013; Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013; OI Nishi, Sandra /0000-0003-1800-5451; Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.03.006 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 831MX UT WOS:000222199600010 PM 15183000 ER PT J AU Hunt, ER McMurtrey, JE Williams, AEP AF Hunt, ER McMurtrey, JE Williams, AEP TI Spectral characteristics of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) leaves and flower bracts SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; chlorophyll; fluorescence; reflectance; spectral libraries ID IN-FIELD CORN; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; CHLOROPHYLL-A; FLUORESCENCE; CAROTENOIDS; PLANTS; VEGETATION; PIGMENTS; IMPACTS AB Leafy spurge can be detected during flowering with either aerial photography or hyperspectral remote sensing because of the distinctive yellow-green color of the flower bracts. The spectral characteristics of flower bracts and leaves were compared with pigment concentrations to determine the physiological basis of the remote sensing signature. Compared with leaves of leafy spurge, flower bracts had lower reflectance at blue wavelengths (400 to 500 nm), greater reflectance at green, yellow, and orange wavelengths (525 to 650 nm), and approximately equal reflectances at 680 nm (red) and at near-infrared wavelengths (725 to 850 mm). Pigments from leaves and flower bracts were extracted in dimethyl sulfoxide, and the pigment concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically. Carotenoid pigments were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Flower bracts had 84% less chlorophyll a, 82% less chlorophyll b, and 44% less total carotenoids than leaves, thus absorptance by the flower bracts should be less and the reflectance should be greater at blue and red wavelengths. The carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio of the flower bracts was approximately 1:1, explaining the hue of the flower bracts but not the value of reflectance. The primary carotenoids were lutein, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin in a 3.7:1.5:1 ratio for flower bracts and in a 4.8:1.3:1 ratio for leaves, respectively. There was 10.2 mug g(-1) fresh weight of colorless phytofluene present in the flower bracts and none in the leaves. The fluorescence spectrum indicated high blue, red, and far-red emission for leaves compared with flower bracts. Fluorescent emissions from leaves may contribute to the higher apparent leaf reflectance in the blue and red wavelength regions. The spectral characteristics of leafy spurge are important for constructing a well-documented spectral library that could be used with hyperspectral remote sensing. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,Room 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM erhunt@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 52 IS 4 BP 492 EP 497 DI 10.1614/WS-03-132R PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 840LD UT WOS:000222859200002 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Faulkner, S Lydon, J AF Ziska, LH Faulkner, S Lydon, J TI Changes in biomass and root: shoot ratio of field-grown Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), a noxious, invasive weed, with elevated CO2: implications for control with glyphosate SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; carbon dioxide levels; herbicide efficacy ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Canada thistle was grown under field conditions in 2000 and 2003 at ambient and elevated (similar to 350 mumol mol(-1) above ambient) carbon dioxide [CO2] to assess how rising [CO2] alters growth, biomass allocation, and efficacy of the postemergent herbicide glyphosate. By the time of glyphosate application, approximately 2 mo after emergence, elevated CO2 had resulted in significant increases in both root and shoot biomass. However, the relative positive effect of [CO2] was much larger for root, relative to shoot growth, during this period (2.5- to 3.3-fold vs. 1.2- to 1.4-fold, respectively) with a subsequent increase in root to shoot ratio. Glyphosate was applied at 2.24 kg ae ha(-1) in 2000 and 2003. Subjective classification of leaf damage in shoots after spraying indicated no significant difference in the extent of necrosis in aboveground tissue as a function of CO2 concentration. After a 6-wk regrowth period, significant reductions in shoot and root biomass relative to unsprayed plots were observed under ambient [CO2]. However, the decrease in the ratio of sprayed to unsprayed biomass was significantly less at elevated relative to ambient [CO2] conditions for roots in both years, and no difference in shoot biomass was observed between sprayed and unsprayed plots for Canada thistle grown at elevated [CO2] in either year. The observed reduction in glyphosate efficacy at the enriched [CO2] treatment did not appear to be associated with differential herbicide uptake, suggesting that tolerance was simply a dilution effect, related to the large stimulation of root relative to shoot biomass at elevated [CO2]. Overall, the study indicates that carbon dioxide-induced increases in root biomass could make Canada thistle and other perennial weeds that reproduce asexually from belowground organs harder to control in a higher [CO2] world. C1 USDA ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 26 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 52 IS 4 BP 584 EP 588 DI 10.1614/WS-03-161R PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 840LD UT WOS:000222859200015 ER PT J AU Gallandt, ER Fuerst, EP Kennedy, AC AF Gallandt, ER Fuerst, EP Kennedy, AC TI Effect of tillage, fungicide seed treatment, and soil fumigation on seed bank dynamics of wild oat (Avena fatua) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; no-tillage; weed population dynamics; weed seed bank; seed dormancy; seed mortality ID WEED SEED; TEMPERATURE; VIABILITY; DORMANCY; MICROORGANISMS; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; DIVERSITY; SURVIVAL; SYSTEMS AB No-tillage offers potential for improved soil quality, reduced erosion, and equal or increased crop yields. We hypothesized that, compared with conservation tillage (CT), no-tillage (NT) offers conditions more conducive to microbial decay of weed seed. In NT systems seed remain at or near the soil surface where crop residues, moisture, and lack of disturbance create an environment with greater soil microbial diversity. In late fall of 1998 and 1999, dormant seed of wild oat, either individually glued to plastic toothpicks or mixed with soil and placed in mesh bags, were buried (mean seed depth of 2.5 cm) in replicated field plots managed by NT or CT since 1982. Treatments including fungicide seed treatment (thiram + metalaxyl + captan) and soil fumigation (propylene oxide) provided estimates of the contribution of microorganisms to observed mortality. Seed were retrieved in May and August, 1999 and 2000. Contrary to our original hypothesis, the proportion of dead seed was generally similar in NT and CT systems. Lack of tillage system by seed or soil treatments affecting the proportion of dead or decayed seed suggests that the contribution of microorganisms to seed fate is similar in these tillage environments. However, the proportion of dormant seed was consistently lower in the NT compared with CT treatments; there was a corresponding increase in the proportion of germinated seed. Overall, more than half of the wild oat seed bank losses could be directly attributed to germination whereas losses due to decay were relatively minor by comparison. Despite favorable distribution of seed and improved quality of the surface-strata of soil in NT systems, this study fails to provide evidence that enhanced microbial decay will contribute to a "weed-suppressive" capacity in such cropping systems. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gallandt, ER (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, 577 Deering Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM gallandt@maine.edu NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 52 IS 4 BP 597 EP 604 DI 10.1614/WS-03-078R PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 840LD UT WOS:000222859200017 ER PT J AU Yandoc, CB Charudattan, R AF Yandoc, CB Charudattan, R TI Suppression of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) by a bioherbicidal fungus and plant competition SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological control; bioherbicide; competition ID SENECIO-VULGARIS; GROWTH; INFECTION AB The possibility of using the fungus Bipolaris sacchari as a bioherbicide to suppress cogongrass and to allow the establishment of bahiagrass in cogongrass-bahiagrass mixed plantings was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The bioherbicide was prepared by mixing B. sacchari spore suspension containing 10(5) spores ml(-1) with an oil emulsion composed of 16% horticultural oil plus 10% light mineral oil and 74% sterile water. The bioherbicide caused severe foliar blight in cogongrass and slight phytotoxic damage on bahiagrass. In the first experiment, the bioherbicide reduced cogongrass biomass without affecting bahiagrass biomass. In the second experiment, the bioherbicide caused a 64% reduction in fresh weight, a 74% reduction in the number of rhizomes, and a 47% reduction in the height of cogongrass. The latter experiment also showed an increase in bahiagrass fresh weight in the presence of cogongrass when the bioherbicide was applied. This study indicates the potential of combining bioherbicide application with competition from a desirable grass species as a strategy for the integrated management of cogongrass. C1 Univ Florida, Plant Pathol Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Yandoc, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM cyandoc@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 52 IS 4 BP 649 EP 653 DI 10.1614/WS-03-044R2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 840LD UT WOS:000222859200024 ER PT J AU Donald, WW Johnson, WG Nelson, KA AF Donald, WW Johnson, WG Nelson, KA TI In-row and between-row interference by corn modifies annual weed control by preemergence residual herbicide SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE band herbicide application; banding; competition; herbicide; reduced rate herbicide; weed; AMBEL; ATATA; POLPE; SETFA; XANST; ZEAMX ID RELATIVE LEAF COVER; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; ZEA-MAYS YIELD; AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS; COMMON COCKLEBUR; CRITICAL PERIOD; MODELS; COMPETITION; PREDICTION; GROWTH AB The presence of row crops, such as field corn, improves herbicidal control of weeds, but the impact of crop row position on herbicide dose-response relationships for weeds is unknown. At midseason at three site-years in Missouri, total weed cover (WC) was reduced by increasing soil residual herbicide rate in a dose-dependent response and was as much as 20% lower in-row (IR) than between-row (BR). Preemergence atrazine + S-metolachlor + clopyralid + flumetsulam at different rates (0 X, 0.25 X, 0.5 X, 0.75 X, and 1 X, where 1 X rate was 2,240 + 1,750 + 210 + 67 g ai/ha, respectively) were applied at planting in field corn to control giant foxtail, the chief weed present, and annual broadleaf weeds, largely common waterhemp. Lower herbicide rates were required to reduce IR WC to the same extent as BR WC, but these rates varied between site-years. At all three site-years, a least squares regression equation adequately described data variability relating corn yield to IR or BR WC (or both) (i.e., Y = a + bBR(2), where Y is corn yield in kg/ha, BR is BR WC [%], and a and b are coefficients). C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Greenley Res Ctr, Novelty, MO 63460 USA. RP Donald, WW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM donaldw@missouri.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1614/WT-03-040R3 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 860XY UT WOS:000224378800003 ER PT J AU Sandler, HA Mason, J Autio, WR Bewick, TA AF Sandler, HA Mason, J Autio, WR Bewick, TA TI Effects of repeat annual applications of dichlobenil on weed populations and yield components of cranberry SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbicides; root length; vegetation survey; weed community ID NUTRITION; DIVERSITY; SIMAZINE; UPRIGHTS; TERBACIL; DIURON; GROWTH AB To address grower concerns that repeated use of dichlobenil could negatively affect cranberry productivity, field studies were conducted at two commercial farms in either high weed density (HW) or low weed density (LW) areas. Data from 4 yr of repeat annual applications of 0, 1.8, and 4.5 kg ai/ha dichlobenil indicated minimal negative impact on cranberry vines. Herbicide application did not affect upright productivity, leaf biomass production, percent fruit set, or other yield parameters adversely; in addition, no improvement in these parameters was noted. Although the interaction of herbicide application with weed density on cranberry root length varied with sampling date, no consistent trend (adverse or positive) was seen. The presence of weeds, rather than herbicide application, was the important determinant of yield. Vines in LW areas produced more marketable fruit and had higher percentage of fruit set than vines growing in HW areas. Repeat annual applications of dichlobenil on commercial cranberry beds may be considered as part of a viable integrated weed management program with no adverse effect on crop growth or yield. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Amherst Cranberry Stn, E Wareham, MA 02538 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Sandler, HA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst Cranberry Stn, POB 569, E Wareham, MA 02538 USA. EM hsandler@umext.umass.edu NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 648 EP 657 DI 10.1614/WT-03-125R1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 860XY UT WOS:000224378800025 ER PT J AU Rainbolt, CR Thill, DC Young, FL AF Rainbolt, CR Thill, DC Young, FL TI Control of volunteer herbicide-resistant wheat and canolal SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE direct seeding; glufosinate resistant; glyphosate resistant; green-bridge; imidazolinone resistant ID BRASSICA-NAPUS; SEEDING RATE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; YIELD COMPONENTS; TOLERANT CROPS; PLANTING DATE; GLYPHOSATE; HYBRIDIZATION; BARLEY AB Volunteer crops resistant to glyphosate and other herbicides pose a potential problem for Pacific Northwest (PNW) growers that rely on glyphosate for control of volunteer crops and weeds during fallow and before planting. Herbicides for control of volunteer herbicide-resistant wheat and canola in PNW conservation tillage systems were evaluated during 2000 and 2001 near Ralston, WA, and Moscow, ID. Paraquat + diuron controlled glyphosate- and imidazolinone-resistant wheat greater than or equal to90%, and glyphosate controlled imidazolinone-resistant wheat 88 to 96% 14 d after treatment (DAT). Glyphosate- and imidazolinone-resistant wheat were controlled only 58 to 85% with quizalofop-P and clethodim 14 DAT. By 21 DAT, imidazolinone-resistant wheat control with clethodim and quizalofop-P was greater than or equal to93%, but the longer time period required for control to reach an acceptable level could increase disease and insect problems associated with volunteer wheat. Volunteer glyphosate-resistant canola was controlled 92 and 97% 14 DAT and 76 and 98% 21 DAT with paraquat and paraquat + diuron, respectively. Treatments that contained glyphosate controlled imidazolinone and glufosinate-resistant canola >84% 14 DAT. By 21 DAT, control of imidazolinone- and glufosinate-resistant canola was 94 to 98% with paraquat + diuron and all glyphosate treatments, except glyphosate-isopropylamine salt (IPA) + glufosinate (88 to 93%) and glyphosate-IPA + paraquat (67 to 85%). In these studies, paraquat + diuron was the best alternative to glyphosate for controlling volunteer herbicide-resistant wheat and canola. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rainbolt, CR (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM crrainbolt@ifas.ufl.edu RI Ruezinsky, Diane/E-6208-2011 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 711 EP 718 DI 10.1614/WT-03-160R PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 860XY UT WOS:000224378800033 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Poston, DH Hayes, RM Montgomery, RE AF Koger, CH Poston, DH Hayes, RM Montgomery, RE TI Glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) in Mississippi SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass reduction; glyphosate resistance; herbicide resistance; herbicide tolerance; weed resistance ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; WEED MANAGEMENT; LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; TOLERANT; TRANSLOCATION; PROGRAMS; BIOTYPES; SYSTEMS AB Survival of horseweed in several glyphosate-tolerant cotton and soybean fields treated with glyphosate at recommended rates preplant and postemergence was observed in Mississippi and Tennessee in 2001 and 2002. Plants originating from seed collected from fields where horseweed escapes occurred in 2002 were grown in the greenhouse to the 5-leaf, 13- to 15-leaf, and 25- to 30-leaf growth stages and treated with the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.21, 0.42, 0.84, 1.68, 3.36, 6.72, and 13.44 kg ae/ha to determine if resistance to glyphosate existed in any biotype. All biotypes exhibited an 8- to 12-fold level of resistance to glyphosate when compared with a susceptible biotype. One resistant biotype from Mississippi was two- to fourfold more resistant than other resistant biotypes. Growth stage had little effect on level of glyphosate resistance. The glyphosate rate required to reduce biomass of glyphosate-resistant horseweed by 50% (GR(50)) increased from 0.14 to 2.2 kg/ha as plant size increased from the 5-leaf to 25- to 30-leaf growth stage. The GR50 rate for the susceptible biotype increased from 0.02 to 0.2 kg/ha glyphosate. These results demonstrate that the difficult-to-control biotypes were resistant to glyphosate, that resistant biotypes could survive glyphosate rates of up to 6.72 kg/ha, and that plant size affected both resistant and susceptible biotypes in a similar manner. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. Monsanto Co, Union City, TN USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ckoger@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 820 EP 825 DI 10.1614/WT-03-218R PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 860XY UT WOS:000224378800048 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN Koger, CH AF Reddy, KN Koger, CH TI Live and killed hairy vetch cover crop effects on weeds and yield in glyphosate-resistant corn SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cover crop; glyphosate; integrated weed management; mulch; transgenic corn; weed biomass; weed density ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; ZEA-MAYS; VICIA-VILLOSA; NET RETURN; MANAGEMENT; SOIL; HERBICIDES; ECONOMICS AB A 2-yr field study was conducted from 2002 to 2003 on a Dundee silt loam soil at the Southern Weed Science Research Unit Farm, Stoneville, MS (33degrees26'N latitude), to examine the effects of hairy vetch cover crop (hairy vetch killed at corn planting [HV-K], hairy vetch killed in a 38-cm-wide band centered over the crop row at corn planting [HV-B], hairy vetch left alive [HV-L], and no hairy vetch [NHV]) and glyphosate postemergence (broadcast, banded, and no herbicide) application on weed control and yield in glyphosate-resistant corn. Two applications of glyphosate at 0.84 kg ae/ha were applied 3 and 5 wk after planting (WAP) corn. Hairy vetch dry biomass was higher in HV-L (4,420 kg/ha) and HV-B (4,180 kg/ha) than in HV-K (1,960 kg/ha) plots at 7 WAR Hairy vetch reduced densities of pitted morningglory, prickly sida, and yellow nutsedge in HV-B and HV-L compared with NHV plots, but hairy vetch had no effect on densities of barnyardgrass, johnsongrass, and large crabgrass at 7 WAP regardless of desiccation. Total weed dry biomass at 7 WAP was lower in HV-B and HV-L than in HV-K and NHV plots. Corn yield was higher in HV-K (10,280 kg/ha) than in HV-B (9,440 kg/ha) and HV-L (9,100 kg/ha), and yields were similar between HV-K and NHV (9,960 kg/ha). Glyphosate applied broadcast resulted in the highest corn yield (11,300 kg/ha) compared with a banded application (10, 160 kg/ha). These findings indicate that hairy vetch cover crop has the potential for reducing the density of certain weed species in glyphosate-resistant corn production systems; however, optimum weed control and higher yield were obtained when glyphosate was used. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kreddy@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 835 EP 840 DI 10.1614/WT-03-228R PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 860XY UT WOS:000224378800050 ER PT J AU Hummel, S Hummel, R AF Hummel, S Hummel, R TI Five-year thinning response of an overgrown Douglas-Fir Christmas tree plantation SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE quadratic mean diameter; volume per acre; log grades; western Oregon AB A 15-year-old Douglas-fir Christmas tree plantation in western Oregon was thinned in 1996 according to regional sawtimber conversion guidelines. The plantation comprised two strata, distinguished by initial planting density (Area 1 = 5 x 5 ft and Area 2 = 10 x 10 ft). Unthinned control plots were established in both Area 1 and Area 2 at the time of the thinning treatment. Five years later, the quadratic mean diameter (QMD) in Area 1 (thinned) was 6.4 in. versus 5.2 in. in Area 1 (unthinned), while in Area 2 (thinned) the QMD was 11.4 in. compared to 9.3 in. in Area 2 (unthinned). Over the same period, the volume/ac in Area 1 (thinned) (1,080 ft(3)/ac) was nearly twice that of Area 1 (unthinned) (576 ft(3)/ac). In contrast, the volume/ac in Area 2 (thinned) (2,318, ft(3)/acre) was almost half that of Area 2 (unthinned) (4,264 ft(3)/ac). These results suggest that while thinning was timely for Area 1, the thinning treatment could have been delayed for Area 2. By plantation age 30, the treated units in Area 1 and Area 2 have estimated yields of 9.6 and 11.6 thousand bd ft (mbf), respectively, with no additional thinning. Given 2002 average prices for #3 sawmill grade logs, gross return at age 30 would range between $5,000 and $6,000/ac. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Stevens Family Resources LLC, Portland, OR 97221 USA. RP Hummel, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM shummel@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 171 EP 174 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 847LV UT WOS:000223395100005 ER PT J AU St Clair, JB Mandel, NL Jayawickrama, KJS AF St Clair, JB Mandel, NL Jayawickrama, KJS TI Early realized genetic gains for coastal Douglas-Fir in the northern Oregon cascades SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE tree improvement; realized genetic gain; Douglas-fir; sample size ID SEED ORCHARD; IMPROVEMENT; SEEDLINGS; RADIATA; SIZE AB Block-plot realized genetic gain trials were established for coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) at five sites in the northern Oregon Cascades. The long-term objectives of these trials are to explore the growth trajectories and productivity of genetically improved stands and their relationship to predicted genetic gains based on performance in progeny tests. Measurements 5 years after planting provide an opportunity for an early assessment of realized genetic gains as compared to predicted gains and provide data for determining the number of replicates needed to detect statistically significant differences between improved and unimproved populations using large block plots. Results indicate that progress from selection and breeding of Douglas-fir is readily achievable, and realized genetic gains 5 years after planting are similar to those predicted based on results from progeny tests. Realized genetic gains were about 6% for height, 8% for diameter, and 28% for stem volume, compared to predicted genetic gains of about 8% for height, 7% for diameter, and 25% for stem volume. Large numbers of replicates (30-50) are required to detect statistically significant differences in height and diameter between improved and unimproved populations given genetic gains expected in a typical tree improvement program. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP St Clair, JB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bstclair@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 195 EP 201 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 847LV UT WOS:000223395100008 ER PT J AU Filip, GM Parks, CG Baker, FA Daniels, SE AF Filip, GM Parks, CG Baker, FA Daniels, SE TI Artificial inoculation of decay fungi into Douglas-Fir with rifle or shotgun to produce wildlife trees in western Oregon SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE cavity-nester habitat; Trichaptum abietinum; Fomitopsis cajanderi; tree topping, rifle and shotgun inoculation; internal decay AB A total of 188 Douglas-fir trees were treated to determine whether fungal inoculation with rifle or shotgun promoted stein decay and subsequent use by cavity-nesting birds in the Coast Range in Oregon. Inoculated trees were either live or killed by topping. Topped trees were climbed and severed just below the lowest whorl of live branches. Fungal inoculum was delivered by either a 0.45-70 caliber rifle or a 12-gauge shotgun to tree trunks at a height of about 8 in aboveground. Inoculum of either Phellinus pini or Fomitopsis cajanderi was grown on small wooden dowels or sawdust and fitted into the rifle slug (dowels) or behind the shotgun slug (sawdust). Sterile dowels or sawdust were used as a control. After 5 years, all topped trees had died, and at least 50% had sap rot as indicated by the presence of conks of Trichaptum abietinum. Conks of Crytoporus volvatus, Fomitopsis pinicola, or P. pini were sometimes observed on topped (dead) trees. Almost half of the topped trees had evidence of wildlife activity including foraging holes, nest cavities, or bark removal. There was no difference in sap rot incidence or subsequent wildlife activity among three treatments (rifle, shotgun, or not shot) or among three inoculum types (P. pini, F. cajanderi, or sterile). None of the untopped (live) but artificially inoculated trees had conks or evidence of wildlife use. Of seven live and shot trees that were destructively sampled, there was an average of 68.7 cm(2) of decay area on each wood disc that was associated with each bullet. There was no apparent difference in internal decay area between sterile and viable inoculum, but sample size was small. It appears that tree killing by topping below the live crown is a faster method of creating wildlife habitat than ballistic inoculation of live Douglas-fir trees in the Oregon Coast Range. Topped and dead trees had more avian foraging holes, deep cavities, and bark removed than did live inoculated trees. Based on the seven live shot trees that we sampled for internal decay, it appears that shooting trees with a shotgun or rifle is effective in creating internal decay within 5 years, but it may take several more years to form a decay column large enough to be used by cavity-nesting birds. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Filip, GM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 216 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gmfilip@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 211 EP 215 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 847LV UT WOS:000223395100010 ER PT J AU Bowe, SA Bumgardner, MS AF Bowe, SA Bumgardner, MS TI Species selection in secondary wood products: Perspectives from different consumers SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wood; perception; species; college; student; consumer; proxy ID STUDENTS AB This study investigated adult consumer perceptions of several wood species to determine if word-based and appearance-based evaluations differed. The research replicated a 2001 study by the authors, which used undergraduate college students as a proxy for older and more experienced adult furniture consumers. The literature is somewhat inconclusive concerning the extent to which student samples represent "real" consumers. Using the mall intercept survey procedure at several furniture stores and trade shows in two Midwestern cites, participants were split into two groups and asked to rate six commercially important wood species on several semantic-differential items, based either on word association (word-based perception) or physical wood specimens (appearance-based perception). Results from the replicated adult consumer study were very similar to the student study suggesting that college students provide a reasonable picture of adult consumers' perceptions of wood species. The study confirmed that the word-based and appearance-based methods of evaluation sometimes produce different results. In general, the appearance-based respondents had difficulty identifying the species they were observing; however, the adult consumers were better at species identification than were the college students. This study provides further evidence that preconceived species perceptions play an important role in influencing the consumer's ultimate evaluation of wood. The research results can help secondary wood manufacturers better understand the implications of species on design and communication decisions. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Russell Labs 120, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn,Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Bowe, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Russell Labs 120, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 319 EP 328 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 838GB UT WOS:000222700400005 ER PT J AU So, CL Lebow, ST Groom, LH Rials, TG AF So, CL Lebow, ST Groom, LH Rials, TG TI The application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to inorganic preservative-treated wood SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE near infrared spectroscopy; multivariate analysis; preservative-treated wood ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PREDICTION; WASTE AB There is a growing need to find a rapid, inexpensive, and reliable method to distinguish between treated and untreated waste wood. This paper evaluates the ability of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with multivariate analysis (MVA) to distinguish preservative types and retentions. It is demonstrated that principal component analysis (PCA) can differentiate lumber treated with CCA, ACZA, or ACQ preservatives. Furthermore, separation according to wood species and assay zone was also observed. Within the range of preservative concentrations available, partial least squares (PLS) regression was also performed on the NIR data, from which retention levels were predicted. The results highlight the potential for this technique to predict the concentration, as well as identify the type, of inorganic preservatives present. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53562 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP So, CL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 838GB UT WOS:000222700400006 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Ross, RJ Brashaw, BK Punches, J Erickson, JR Forsman, JW Pellerin, RF AF Wang, XP Ross, RJ Brashaw, BK Punches, J Erickson, JR Forsman, JW Pellerin, RF TI Diameter effect on stress-wave evaluation of modulus of elasticity of logs SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stress wave; nondestructive evaluation; modulus of elasticity; logs; diameter ID HIGHER NATURAL FREQUENCY; NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK SPRUCE; WOOD DENSITY; RUPTURE MOR; LUMBER; GROWTH; VELOCITY; QUALITY AB Recent studies on nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of logs have shown that a longitudinal stress-wave method can be used to nondestructively evaluate the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of logs. A strong relationship has been found between stress-wave MOE and static MOE of logs, but a significant deviation was observed between stress-wave and static values. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of log diameter on stress-wave evaluation of MOE of logs and to develop a new stress-wave model by relating stress-wave MOE to log diameter for static MOE prediction. A total of 201 small-diameter logs, including jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Air.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws), were nondestructively evaluated. The results of this study indicate that the longitudinal stress-wave technique is sensitive to the size and geometrical imperfections of logs. As log diameter increases, the deviation between stress-wave MOE and static MOE increases. It was also found that log diameter has an interactive effect that contributes significantly to MOE prediction when used in conjunction with the fundamental wave equation. The newly developed multivariable prediction model relating static MOE to stress-wave speed, log density, and log diameter was found to better predict MOE during stress-wave evaluation of logs than did the fundamental wave equation. This could allow for the prediction of static bending properties of logs using the longitudinal stress-wave technique at levels of accuracy previously considered unattainable. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Oregon State Univ, Extens Serv, Roseburg, OR 97331 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ocean Park, WA 98640 USA. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 368 EP 377 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 838GB UT WOS:000222700400010 ER PT J AU Simpson, WT AF Simpson, WT TI Two-dimensional heat flow analysis applied to heat sterilization of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir square timbers SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE invasive species; heat sterilization; lumber; timber AB Equations for a two-dimensional finite difference heat flow analysis were developed and applied to ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir square timbers to calculate the time required to heat the center of the squares to target temperature. The squares were solid piled, which made their surfaces inaccessible to the heating air, and thus surface temperatures failed to attain the temperature of the heating air. The surface temperatures were monitored during heating and related to time by an empirical equation. When this equation was used as the boundary condition in the finite difference solution, calculated time estimates required to heat the center to target temperature agreed favorably with experimentally observed heating times. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Simpson, WT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 459 EP 464 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 838GB UT WOS:000222700400019 ER PT J AU Kelley, SS Rials, TG Snell, R Groom, LH Sluiter, A AF Kelley, SS Rials, TG Snell, R Groom, LH Sluiter, A TI Use of near infrared spectroscopy to measure the chemical and mechanical properties of solid wood SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORTHOGONAL SIGNAL CORRECTION; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; EUCALYPTUS-NITENS; PULP YIELD; CELLULOSE CONTENT; NIR-SPECTROSCOPY; KRAFT PULPS; PREDICTION; SAMPLES; CLASSIFICATION AB Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (500 nm 2400 nm), coupled with multivariate analytic (MVA) statistical techniques, have been used to predict the chemical and mechanical properties of solid loblolly pine wood. The samples were selected from different radial locations and heights of three loblolly pine trees grown in Arkansas. The chemical composition and mechanical properties were measured with traditional wet chemical techniques and three point bending tests, respectively. The microfibril angle was measured with x-ray scattering. These chemical and mechanical properties were correlated with the NIR spectra using projection to latent structures (PLS) models. The correlations were very strong, with the correlation coefficients generally above 0.80. The mechanical properties could also be predicted using a reduced spectral range (650 nm-1150 nm) that should allow for field measurements of these properties using handheld NIR spectrometers. C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USFS, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Univ Tennessee, Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Kelley, SS (reprint author), Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM stephen_kelley@nrel.gov NR 37 TC 139 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 4 BP 257 EP 276 DI 10.1007/s00226-003-0213-5 PG 20 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 844QD UT WOS:000223173800002 ER PT J AU Wollenweber, E Dorr, M Bohm, BA Roitman, JN AF Wollenweber, E Dorr, M Bohm, BA Roitman, JN TI Exudate flavonoids of eight species of Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Ceanothus; Rhamnaceae; exudates; flavonoids ID ASTERACEAE AB Leaf glands of Ceanothus species excrete a lipophilic material that contains a variety of flavonoids. Most of these are aglycones, but some glycosides were also observed. Seven out of eight species exhibit flavonols, whereas flavones are excreted by only one species. Four species produce flavanones and dihydroflavonols; one excretes a remarkable quantity of flavonol glycosides. The exudate flavonoids thus form different patterns that might be characteristic for different Ceanothus species. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Bot, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC, Canada. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wollenweber, E (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Bot, Schnittspahnstr 3, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM wollenweber@bio.tu-darmstadt.de NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 59 IS 7-8 BP 459 EP 462 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 845PZ UT WOS:000223258100001 PM 15813361 ER PT J AU Bailey, SW Mayer, B Mitchell, MJ AF Bailey, SW Mayer, B Mitchell, MJ TI Evidence for influence of mineral weathering on stream water sulphate in Vermont and New Hampshire (USA) SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE forest; mineral weathering; oxygen isotopes; stream water; sulphate; sulphur isotopes ID BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; HUBBARD-BROOK; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; STABLE SULFUR; LONG-TERM; DEPOSITION; OXYGEN; RATIOS; PICKERINGITE; CATCHMENT AB Mass balance studies in forested catchments in the northeastern USA show that S losses via streamwater SO42- exceed measured atmospheric S inputs. Possible sources of the excess S loss include underestimated dry deposition, mineralization of organic S in soils, desorption of soil sulphate, oxidation of recently formed sulphides and mineral weathering. Evaluating the relative contribution of these sources and processes to SO42- export is important to our understanding of S cycling as well as to policy makers in their evaluation of the efficacy of S emission controls. In order to evaluate the potential for mineral weathering contributions to SO42- export, we measured concentration and isotopic composition (delta(34)S and delta(18)O) of SO42- in stream water, and concentration and delta(34)S values of four S fractions in bedrock and soil parent material in catchments of varying geological composition. Geological substrates with low S concentrations were represented by catchments underlain by quartzite and granite, whereas geological substrates with high S concentrations were represented by catchments underlain by sulphidic slate, schist and metavolcanic rocks. Catchments with S-poor bedrock had stream-water SO42- concentrations < 100 mueq L-1 and isotopic values consistent with those of atmospheric SO42- that had been cycled through the organic soil pool. Catchments with S-rich bedrock had stream-water SO42- concentrations ranging from 56 to 229 mueq L-1. Isotopic values deviated from those of SO42- in atmospheric deposition, clearly indicating a mineral weathering source in some cases, whereas in others spatial variability of mineral delta(34)S values precluded the isotopic detection of a weathering contribution. These results, along with evidence suggesting formation of secondary sulphate minerals in bedrock weathering rinds, indicate that mineral weathering may be an important source of S in the surface waters of some forested catchments in the northeastern USA. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Bailey, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, RR1 Box 779, Campton, NH 03223 USA. EM swbailey@fs.fed.us RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012; OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1639 EP 1653 DI 10.1002/hyp.1410 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 833XV UT WOS:000222375900007 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Zhang, JX Bruton, BD Wheeler, MH AF Stipanovic, RD Zhang, JX Bruton, BD Wheeler, MH TI Isolation and identification of hexaketides from a pigmented monosporascus cannonballus isolate SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Monosporascus cannonballus; hexaketide metabolites; fungal pathogen; monosporascone; dehydroxyarthrinone; demethylcerdarin; monosporascol A; azamonosporascone ID VINE DECLINE; ROOT-ROT; MUSKMELON; ASCOSPORES; DISEASE AB Monosporascus cannonballus causes severe production losses to muskmelon and watermelon in the United States and other countries. Wild types of the fungus produce no pigments when grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After long-term storage on soil/oat hull mix, however, some isolates of the fungus produce yellow to brown pigments and no perithecia when grown on PDA. Five colored metabolites from pigmented cultures of M. cannonballus isolate TX923038 have now been identified. Two of these, monosporascone and dehydroxyarthrinone, have been isolated from other fungi, and three, demethylcerdarin, monosporascol A and azamonosporascone, have not previously been reported. The H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR of all five compounds are reported. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rdstip@cpru.usda.gov NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 13 BP 4109 EP 4112 DI 10.1021/jf030828f PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 832DJ UT WOS:000222247100010 PM 15212455 ER PT J AU Wheeler, MH Bruton, BD Puckhaber, LS Zhang, JX Stipanovic, RD AF Wheeler, MH Bruton, BD Puckhaber, LS Zhang, JX Stipanovic, RD TI Identification of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin in Monosporascus cannonballus and the analysis of hexaketide and pentaketide compounds produced by wild-type and pigmented isolates of the fungus SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene; dsRNA; fungal melanin; Cucumis melo L.; muskmelon; hexaketides; hypovirulence; Monosporascus cannonballus; pentaketides; plant pathogen; virulence; Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai; watermelon ID PYRICULARIA-ORYZAE; BIOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION; METABOLITES; INHIBITION; DECLINE; DISEASE AB Monosporascus cannonballus causes root rot and vine decline in muskmelons and watermelons. Wild types of this fungus often undergo degenerative changes that have been associated with yellow to brown pigmentation, hypovirulence, dsRNA infection, and decreased production of perithecia. In this study, degenerate isolates that produced yellow to brown pigments and no perithecia were obtained from wild-type cultures that had been stored for extended periods of time. Cultures of the degenerate isolates were found to accumulate five related hexaketides when grown on potato-dextrose agar (PDA). In contrast, these hexaketides were present only in minute amounts in wild-type cultures unless grown on NaCl-amended PDA. 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene melanin was established to be present in wild-type M. cannonballus and absent in the degenerate isolates. Various melanin-related metabolites, however, were produced by the variants. Tricyclazole in PDA cultures blocked melanin biosynthesis by the wild types but had little effect on hexaketide production by the degenerate isolates. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Wheeler, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mwheeler@cpru.usda.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 13 BP 4113 EP 4120 DI 10.1021/jf0308298 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 832DJ UT WOS:000222247100011 PM 15212456 ER PT J AU Broadhurst, CL Schmidt, WF Crawford, MA Wang, YQ Li, R AF Broadhurst, CL Schmidt, WF Crawford, MA Wang, YQ Li, R TI C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of natural undiluted lipids: Docosahexaenoic-rich phospholipid and triacylglycerol from fish SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE C-13-C-13 2D NOESY; C-13 NMR; polarization transfer; polyunsaturated lipids; fish oil; fish phospholipid; glycerophosphocholine; triacylglycerol ID ACID; SPECTROSCOPY; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS; BIOMEMBRANES; PURIFICATION; TISSUES; CHAINS AB In the C-13 NMR spectra of natural, unenriched docosahexaenoic acid-rich sardine oil and cod muscle glycerophosphocholine significant signal intensity differences across the 1D spectrum between undiluted and diluted samples were observed. In undiluted samples C-13-C-13 2D nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY) interchain cross-peaks for CH, CH2, CH3, and C=C structures were observed. Results indicate that in undiluted natural lipids, NMR signal intensity is influenced by polarization transfer from the extended lipid structure. The NOE enhancement of specific molecular sites especially in unsaturated lipids is evidence that some natural lipids remain oriented relative to each other and in an orderly arrangement at the molecular level long enough for the effect to be detected by the NMR experiment. The presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids in mixtures of natural lipids could stabilize specific local molecular conformations within the remaining less saturated lipids. C1 USDA, Nucl Magnet Resonance Facil, Environm Qual Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. London Metropolitan Univ, Inst Brain Chem & Human Nutr, London N7 8DB, England. Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Schmidt, WF (reprint author), USDA, Nucl Magnet Resonance Facil, Environm Qual Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM schmidtw@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 13 BP 4250 EP 4255 DI 10.1021/jf0353178 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 832DJ UT WOS:000222247100031 PM 15212476 ER PT J AU Liu, CS Glahn, RP Liu, RH AF Liu, CS Glahn, RP Liu, RH TI Assessment of carotenoid bioavailability of whole foods using a Caco-2 cell culture model coupled with an in vitro digestion SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; beta-carotene; bioavailability; Caco-2; cell culture ID HUMAN INTESTINAL-CELLS; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; DIETARY CAROTENOIDS; ABSORPTION; LUTEIN; WOMEN; LYCOPENE; RISK; DISEASE AB Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases. beta-Carotene, alpha-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin are precursors of vitamin A, a nutrient essential for human health. However, little is known about the bioavailability of carotenoids from whole foods. This study characterized the intestinal uptake performance of carotenoids using monolayers of differentiated Caco-2 human intestinal cells and mimicked human digestion to assess carotenoid absorption from carrots and corn. Results showed that Caco-2 cellular uptake of beta-carotene and zeaxanthin was higher than that of lutein. Uptake performances of pure carotenoids and carotenoids from whole foods by Caco-2 cells were both curvilinear, reaching saturated levels after 4 h of incubation. The time kinetics and dose response of carotenoid uptake presented a similar pattern in Caco-2 cells after plating for 2 and 14 days. Furthermore, the applicability of this new model was verified with whole grain corn, showing that cooked corn grain significantly enhanced carotenoid bioavailability. These results support the feasibility of the in vitro digestion cell model for assessing carotenoid absorption from whole foods as a suitable and cost-effective physiological alternative to current methodologies. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Comparat & Environm Toxicol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutrit Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Liu, RH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM RL23@cornell.edu RI Liu, Rui Hai/C-2865-2008; Liu, Tristan/O-8240-2014 OI Liu, Tristan/0000-0003-3900-8459 NR 54 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 13 BP 4330 EP 4337 DI 10.1021/jf040028k PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 832DJ UT WOS:000222247100043 PM 15212488 ER PT J AU Lee, KS Cohen, WB Kennedy, RE Maiersperger, TK Gower, ST AF Lee, KS Cohen, WB Kennedy, RE Maiersperger, TK Gower, ST TI Hyperspectral versus multispectral data for estimating leaf area index in four different biomes SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; multispectral; LAI ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; VEGETATION INDEXES; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; OREGON TRANSECT; BOREAL FORESTS; AVIRIS DATA; LANDSAT TM; ETM PLUS; PRODUCTS; LAI AB Motivated by the increasing importance of hyperspectral remote sensing data, this study sought to determine whether current-generation narrow-band hyperspectral remote sensing data could better track vegetation leaf area index (L l) than traditional broad-band multispectral data. The study takes advantage of a unique dataset, wherein field measurements of LAI were acquired at the same general time and grain size as both Landsat ETM+ and AVIRIS (Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) imagery in four different biomes. Biome types sampled included row-crop agriculture, tallgrass prairie, mixed hardwood-conifer forest, and boreal conifer forest. The effects of bandwidth, band placement, and number of bands were isolated from radiometric quality by comparing regression models derived from individual AVIRIS channels with those derived from simulated ETM+ and MODIS channels using the AVIRIS data. Models with selected subsets of individual AVIRIS channels performed better to predict LAI than those based on the broadband datasets, although the potential to overfit models using the large number of available AVIRIS bands is a concern. Models based on actual ETM+ data were generally stronger than those based on simulated ETM+ data, suggesting that, for predicting LAI, ETM+ data suffer no penalty for having lower radiometric quality. NDVI was generally not sensitive to LAI at the four sites. Band placement of broad-band sensors (e.g., simulated ETM+ and MODIS) did not affect relationships with LAI, suggesting that there is no inherent advantage to MODIS spectral properties over those of ETM+ for estimating LAI. Spectral channels in the red-edge and shortwave-infrared regions were generally more important than those in the near-infrared for predicting LAI. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inha Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Inchon 402751, South Korea. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Cohen, WB (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM warren.cohen@oregonstate.edu NR 44 TC 101 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 508 EP 520 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.010 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 834VF UT WOS:000222438300019 ER PT J AU Poldmaa, K Samuels, GJ AF Poldmaa, K Samuels, GJ TI Fungicolous hypocreaceae (Ascomycota : Hypocreales) from Khao Yai National Park, Thailand SO SYDOWIA LA English DT Article DE Hypomyces; Cladobotryum; Sphaerostilbella; Sporophagomyces; Hypocrea; Gliocladium; aphyllophorales; ASEAN National Heritage Site; systematics ID HYPOMYCES; PHYLOGENY; GENERA AB An amazingly high diversity of members of the Hypocreaceae (Ascomycetes: Hypocreales) was found in the course of two mycological expeditions (1997, 2001) to the Khao Yai National Park in Thailand, an ASEAN National Heritage Site. In the present publication members of the Hypocreaceae that are exclusively, or primarily, fungicolous are described. The specimens found belong to the genera Hypomyces (16 species), Cladobotryum (6), Sphaerostilbella (4), Sporophagomyces (2), and Hypocrea (2). Here we describe four new species in Hypomyces, two in Cladobotryum and two in Sphaerostilbella. Most of the remaining species listed represent new records for tropical Asia. These poorly known species are characterized in detail and illustrated. LSU rDNA was sequenced from several Thai and some other tropical isolates of Hypomyces and Cladobotryum (presumed asexual Hypomyces). The sequences were added to an existing data matrix, the analysis of which provides a preliminary understanding of the relationships of the studied species with other members of Hypocreaceae. Molecular data were also considered in species delimitation while describing new taxa. C1 Estonian Agr Acad, Inst Zool & Bot, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. Estonian Bioctr, EE-51010 Tartu, Estonia. ARS, USDA, Systemat Biol & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Poldmaa, K (reprint author), Estonian Agr Acad, Inst Zool & Bot, Riia 181, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU VERLAG FERDINAND BERGER SOHNE GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, 3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0082-0598 J9 SYDOWIA JI Sydowia PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 1 BP 79 EP 130 PG 54 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 833ZC UT WOS:000222379300007 ER PT J AU Zhang, AJ Amalin, D Shirali, S Serrano, MS Franqui, RA Oliver, JE Klun, JA Aldrich, JR Meyerdirk, DE Lapointe, SL AF Zhang, AJ Amalin, D Shirali, S Serrano, MS Franqui, RA Oliver, JE Klun, JA Aldrich, JR Meyerdirk, DE Lapointe, SL TI Sex pheromone of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, contains an unusual cyclobutanoid monoterpene SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE electroantennogram; (R)-lavandulyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate; (R)-maconelliyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate; field bioassay ID PSEUDOCOCCUS-CRYPTUS; CITRUS MEALYBUG; IDENTIFICATION; COLEOPTERA; WEEVIL; CONSTITUENTS; SCARABAEIDAE; HEMIPTERA; ACID AB Two compounds that together constitute the female sex pheromone of the pink hibiscus mealybug (PHM), Maconellicoccus hirsutus, were isolated, identified, and synthesized. They are (R)-2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexenyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate [common name is (R)-lavandulyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate] and [(R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(l-methylethylidene)cyclobutyl]methyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate [which we refer to as (R)-maconelliyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate]. Maconelliol is an unusual cyclobutanoid monoterpene, and its structure has been established by enantioselective synthesis from precursors of known structure and configuration. A 1:5 synthetic mixture of the two RS esters (11 mug per rubber septum) proved to be a potent attractant of males in field bioassays. The pheromone component, maconelliyl 2-methylbutanoate, represents a heretofore undescribed natural product. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Agr Expt Stn, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhanga@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 29 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 26 BP 9601 EP 9606 DI 10.1073/pnas.0401298101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834IU UT WOS:000222405600017 PM 15197282 ER PT J AU Liu, YS Roof, S Ye, ZB Barry, C van Tuinen, A Vrebalov, J Bowler, C Giovannoni, J AF Liu, YS Roof, S Ye, ZB Barry, C van Tuinen, A Vrebalov, J Bowler, C Giovannoni, J TI Manipulation of light signal transduction as a means of modifying fruit nutritional quality in tomato SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress in the Wake of the Double Helix CY MAY 27-31, 2003 CL Univ Bologna, Bologna, ITALY HO Univ Bologna ID BETA-CAROTENE; HIGH-PIGMENT-1 MUTANT; GENE-EXPRESSION; DAMAGED DNA; BZIP PROTEIN; COPY-NUMBER; ARABIDOPSIS; HY5; PHYTOCHROME; DET1 AB Fruit constitutes a major component of human diets, providing fiber, vitamins, and phytonutrients. Carotenoids are a major class of compounds found in many fruits, providing nutritional benefits as precursors to essential vitamins and as antioxidants. Although recent gene isolation efforts and metabolic engineering have primarily targeted genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, factors that regulate flux through the carotenoid pathway remain largely unknown. Characterization of the tomato high-pigment mutations (hp1 and hp2) suggests the manipulation of light signal transduction machinery may be an effective approach toward practical manipulation of plant carotenoids. We demonstrate here that hp1 alleles represent mutations in a tomato UV-DAMAGED DNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (DDB1) homolog. We further demonstrate that two tomato light signal transduction genes, LeHY5 and LeCOP1LIKE, are positive and negative regulators of fruit pigmentation, respectively. Down-regulated LeHY5 plants exhibit defects in light responses, including inhibited seedling photomorphogenesis, loss of thylakoid organization, and reduced carotenoid accumulation. In contrast, repression of LeCOP1LIKE expression results in plants with exaggerated photomorphogenesis, dark green leaves, and elevated fruit carotenoid levels. These results suggest genes encoding components of light signal transduction machinery also influence fruit pigmentation and represent genetic tools for manipulation of fruit quality and nutritional value. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Lab Plant Physiol, NL-6703 BD Wageningen, Netherlands. Stn Zool, Plant Mol Biol Lab, I-80121 Naples, Italy. Ecole Normale Super, Dept Biol, F-75230 Paris 05, France. USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Giovannoni, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu RI Barry, Cornelius/D-7759-2012; OI Barry, Cornelius/0000-0003-4685-0273 NR 49 TC 192 Z9 219 U1 7 U2 45 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 29 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 26 BP 9897 EP 9902 DI 10.1073/pnas.0400935101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834IU UT WOS:000222405600068 PM 15178762 ER PT J AU Gazal, RM Blanche, CA Carandang, WM AF Gazal, RM Blanche, CA Carandang, WM TI Root growth potential and seedling morphological attributes of narra (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) transplants SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE tropical reforestation; planting stock quality; nursery grading practice; RGP ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; STOCK QUALITY; SITKA SPRUCE; CAPACITY; RESPONSES; WATER AB The lack of simple and reliable nursery grading practice to assess quality of planting stocks led to the failure of many reforestation projects in the Philippines. Thus, it is important to develop a mechanism to evaluate nursery seedling quality and performance prior to field planting. The study was conducted to evaluate two measures of root growth potential (RGP; number and length of new roots) as seedling performance attributes of narra. (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.), one of the most valuable native reforestation species in the Philippines. RGP was determined in response to three different soil moisture regimes (50, 75 and 100% of field capacity). Effects of these treatments on height, root-collar diameter, stem diameter, length of taproot, shoot biomass, root biomass, total biomass, root:shoot ratio and seedling quality index were also investigated. Measurements were made on 7, 14 and 21 days after transplanting. The experiment was laid out using a completely randomized design. RGP and length of taproot were significantly affected by moisture treatment at 7 days. High RGP and longer taproots were observed in soil at 50% of field capacity. Increased stem diameter, shoot biomass, total biomass and quality index were observed in the reduced soil moisture condition at 7 and 14 days. Results confirm that narra is capable of producing new roots in response to reduced soil moisture on a relatively short period of time. This response would enable narra plants to counteract transplanting shock thereby ensuring their survival in the nursery. Correlation analysis of new root counts and length measurements revealed a strong positive correlation with each other. Thus, either will provide a good estimate of RGP in narra. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Coll Forestry & Nat Resources, Laguna 4031, Philippines. RP Gazal, RM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM rgazal@uwyo.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 28 PY 2004 VL 195 IS 1-2 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.23 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 830RP UT WOS:000222140900021 ER PT J AU Predel, R Wegener, C Russell, WK Tichy, SE Russell, DH Nachman, RJ AF Predel, R Wegener, C Russell, WK Tichy, SE Russell, DH Nachman, RJ TI Peptidomics of CNS-associated neurohemal systems of adult Drosophila melanogaster: A mass spectrometric survey of peptides from individual flies SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; ESI-Q-TOF; immunocytochemistry; perisympathetic organs; retrocerebral complex ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FMRFAMIDE-RELATED PEPTIDES; DENSE-CORE VESICLES; IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS; NEUROSECRETORY-CELLS; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; CLEAVAGE SITES; NEUROPEPTIDES; INSECT; PRECURSOR AB Neuropeptides are important messenger molecules that influence nearly all physiological processes. In insects, they can be released as neuromodulators within the central nervous system (CNS) or as neurohormones into the hemolymph. We analyzed the peptidome of neurohormonal release sites and associated secretory peptidergic neurons of adult Drosophila awlanogaster. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analyzes were performed on single organs or cell cluster from individual flies. This first peptidomic characterization in adult fruit flies revealed 32 different neuropeptides. Peptides not directly predictable from previously cloned or annotated precursor genes were sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry. These peptides turned out to be either intermediate products of neuropeptide processing or shorter versions of known peptides. We found that the peptidome of the CNS-associated neurohemal organs is tagma-specific in Drosophila. Abdominal neurohemal organs and their supplying peptidergic neurons contain the capa gene products periviscerokinins and pyrokinin-1, thoracic neurohemal organs contain FMRFanrides, and the neurohemal release sites of the brain contain pyrokinin-1(2-15), pyrokinin-2, corazonin, myosuppressin, and sNPF as their major putative release products. Our results show that peptidomic approaches are well suited to study differential neuropeptide expression or posttranslational modifications in morphologically defined parts of the nervous system and in a developmental and physiological context in animals as small as Drosophila melanogaster. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Saxon Acad Sci, Res Grp Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Biol Mass Spectrometry, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Predel, R (reprint author), Saxon Acad Sci, Res Grp Jena, Erbertstr 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany. EM b6prre@pan.zoo.uni-jena.de RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015; Russell, David/C-3618-2015; OI Russell, David/0000-0003-0830-3914; Wegener, Christian/0000-0003-4481-3567 NR 44 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9967 J9 J COMP NEUROL JI J. Comp. Neurol. PD JUN 28 PY 2004 VL 474 IS 3 BP 379 EP 392 DI 10.1002/cne.20145 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA 826KS UT WOS:000221828600005 PM 15174081 ER PT J AU Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ AF Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ TI Evaluation of common organic solvents for gas chromatographic analysis and stability of multiclass pesticide residues SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE stability studies; pesticides ID PULSED SPLITLESS INJECTION; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; MULTIRESIDUE METHOD; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANOCHLORINE; QUANTITATION; VEGETABLES; FOODS; PLANT AB In this study, we evaluated the suitability of six common organic solvents for gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of pesticides. Three of these, acetone, acetonitrile (MeCN) and ethyl acetate (EtAc), represent extraction solvents commonly used in multiresidue methods for determination of pesticides in produce. The other three, isooctane, hexane and toluene, often serve as exchange solvents before a GC analysis. An ideal solvent for GC analysis of multiclass pesticide residues should be compatible with: the analytes, sample preparation, and GC analysis. This study addresses each aspect with emphasis placed on stability of selected pesticides in the given solvents. In this respect, the exchange solvents proved to be superior to the more polar extraction solvents. Degradation of N-trihalomethylthio fungicides (e.g., captan, folpet, dichlofluanid) in MeCN was observed only in certain lots of the tested MeCN, but even if it occurred, the stability of these analytes as well as that of dicofol and chlorothalonil was dramatically improved by the addition of 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid. Dicofol and chlorothalonil were also unstable in acetone, and pesticides with a thioether group (e.g., fenthion, disulfoton) degraded in the tested EtAc. Formation of isomers of certain pyrethroids (deltamethrin, X-cyhalothrin) was recorded in the chromatograms from MeCN and acetone solutions, but this effect more likely occurred during the GC injection than in solution. For several reasons, MeCN was found to be the most suitable solvent for extraction of a wide polarity range of pesticide residues from produce. After acidification, the stability of problematic pesticides in MeCN is acceptable, and MeCN can also serve as a medium for GC injection; therefore solvent exchange is generally not required before GC analysis. If sensitivity is an issue in splitless injection, then toluene was demonstrated to be the best exchange solvent due to its miscibility with MeCN and stronger responses of relatively more polar pesticides (e.g., acephate, methamidophos) as compared to hexane and isooctane. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM slehotay@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 NR 41 TC 172 Z9 196 U1 4 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 25 PY 2004 VL 1040 IS 2 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.017 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 826OE UT WOS:000221837600013 PM 15230533 ER PT J AU Amore, E Modica, C Nearing, MA Santoro, VC AF Amore, E Modica, C Nearing, MA Santoro, VC TI Scale effect in USLE and WEPP application for soil erosion computation from three Sicilian basins SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; universal soil loss equation; water erosion prediction project; geographical information system; scaling; runoff; watershed ID SEDIMENT YIELD; INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS; LOSS EQUATION; MODEL; PREDICTION; FIELD; VARIABILITY; ERODIBILITY; WATERSHEDS; PLOT AB Accurate estimation of soil erosion due to water is very important in several environmental contexts, such as the assessment of potential soil loss from cultivated lands and the evaluation of the loss of water storage capacity in reservoirs due to sediment deposition. Several studies have been carried out to build models suitable to quantify the results of erosion processes. These models, calibrated from experimental studies on plots or fields, have been applied at quite different scales. The aim of this paper was to present the results of the application of two soil erosion models, both spatially distributed, to three large Sicilian basins upstream of reservoirs. Each basin was subdivided into hillslopes, using three different classes of average area, in order to estimate the scale effect on the sediment yield evaluation. The first model was the empirical Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), and the other one was the physically based model of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP). A Geographical Information System was used as a tool to handle and manage data for application of the models. Computed sediment yields were compared with each other and with measurements of deposited sediment in the reservoir, and for these cases the WEPP estimates better approximated the measured volumes than did the USLE. Neither model appeared to be particularly sensitive to the size area of the hillslopes, at least within the range of values considered. This suggests that a finer subdivision, although it may better define the experimental conditions (plot or field areas) for calibration of models, may not result in a better estimate of erosion. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Catania, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, I-95125 Catania, Italy. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Santoro, VC (reprint author), Univ Catania, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy. EM csantoro@dica.unict.it OI Santoro, Vincenza Cinzia/0000-0003-2875-2805 NR 75 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 25 PY 2004 VL 293 IS 1-4 BP 100 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.018 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 827RH UT WOS:000221917600007 ER PT J AU Kim, YK Kitaoka, M Hayashi, K Kim, CH Cote, GL AF Kim, YK Kitaoka, M Hayashi, K Kim, CH Cote, GL TI Purification and characterization of an intracellular cycloalternandegrading enzyme from Bacillus sp. NRRL B-21195 (vol 339, pg 1179, 2004) SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 Natl Food Res Inst, Enzyme Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. Dongguk Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Kyungbuk 780714, South Korea. Minist Sci & Technol, Natl Res Lab Glycobiol, Kyungbuk 780714, South Korea. USDA ARS, No Reg Res Ctr, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kitaoka, M (reprint author), Natl Food Res Inst, Enzyme Lab, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM mkitaoka@nfri.affrc.go.jp NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JUN 22 PY 2004 VL 339 IS 9 BP 1663 EP 1663 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2004.05.001 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 832ZN UT WOS:000222306300011 ER PT J AU Santin, M Trout, JM Xiao, LH Zhou, L Greiner, E Fayer, R AF Santin, M Trout, JM Xiao, LH Zhou, L Greiner, E Fayer, R TI Prevalence and age-related variation of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in dairy calves SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; prevalence; calves; genotyping; zoonoses ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; N. SP APICOMPLEXA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR METHODS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; GIARDIA; CATTLE; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; PARVUM AB Fifteen dairy farms in seven states on the east coast of the US were each visited on two consecutive years to determinate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in pre-weaned (5 days to 2 months) and post-weaned calves (3-11 months), respectively. After each of 971 fecal specimens collected directly from each calf was sieved and subjected to density gradient centrifugation to remove debris and concentrate oocysts, specimens were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For all PCR-positive specimens the 18S rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium was sequenced. Cryptosporidium was identified from all farms. Types of housing appeared to have no influence with regard to prevalence of infection. Of 971 calves, 345 were infected with Cryptosporidium (35.5%), but more pre-weaned calves (253 of 503; 50.3%) than post-weaned calves (92 of 468; 19.7%) were found to be infected. A total of 278 PCR-positive specimens characterized by gene sequencing revealed Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium andersoni, and two unnamed Cryptosporidium genotypes Bovine B (AY 120911) and deer-like genotype (AY 1209 10). The prevalence of these Cryptosporidium species and genotypes appeared to be age related between pre- and post-weaned calves. C. parvum, the only zoonotic species/genotype, constituted 85% of the Cryptosporidium infections in pre-weaned calves but only 1% of the Cryptosporidium infections in post-weaned calves. These findings clearly demonstrate that earlier reports on the presence and prevalence of C. parvum in post-weaned cattle that were based solely on oocyst morphology must be reassessed using molecular methods to validate species and genotype. This finding also indicates that persons handling or otherwise exposed to calves under 2 months of age are at greater risk of zoonotic infection from Cryptosporidium than the risk of infection from exposure to older calves. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Bldg 173,BARC-E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 40 TC 249 Z9 264 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 21 PY 2004 VL 122 IS 2 BP 103 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.03.020 PG 15 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 832YY UT WOS:000222304800002 PM 15177715 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK AF Cheung, AK TI Identification of an octanucleotide motif sequence essential for viral protein, DNA, and progeny virus biosynthesis at the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus type 2 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE porcine circovirus; origin of DNA replication ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; NONESSENTIAL TRANSCRIPTION UNITS; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PLANT CIRCOVIRUSES; FEATHER DISEASE; PIGS; GEMINIVIRUS; GENOMES; PIGEON AB A plasmid-based transfection system capable of generating infectious porcine circovinis type 2 (PCV2) was established. This system was then used in mutagenesis studies to investigate the involvement of a "conserved" nonanucleotide (which constitutes a portion of the loop sequence) located at the origin of DNA replication of PCV2 with respect to viral protein synthesis, DNA self-replication, and progeny virus production. The results demonstrated that an octanucleotide (AGTATTAC) embedded in the loop sequence is essential for virus replication. This octanucleotide can be further condensed to an essential core element (ECE) represented by AxTAxTAC. The positions specified by the indicated nucleotides are critical for viral DNA replication and stable infectious virus production, and they cannot be substituted by other bases, while the positions indicated by x can accept variable bases and yield stable progeny viruses. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM acheung@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 20 PY 2004 VL 324 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.03.037 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 830RO UT WOS:000222140800003 PM 15183050 ER PT J AU Fabrick, JA Baker, JE Kanost, MR AF Fabrick, JA Baker, JE Kanost, MR TI Innate immunity in a pyralid moth - Functional evaluation of domains from a beta-1,3-glucan recognition protein SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-BINDING-PROTEIN; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; SILKWORM BOMBYX-MORI; PREPHENOLOXIDASE-ACTIVATING ENZYME; COMPLEMENT-LIKE PROTEIN; PRO-PHENOL-OXIDASE; C-TYPE LECTIN; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; MANDUCA-SEXTA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER AB Invertebrates, like vertebrates, utilize pattern recognition proteins for detection of microbes and subsequent activation of innate immune responses. We report structural and functional properties of two domains from a beta-1,3-glucan recognition protein present in the hemolymph of a pyralid moth, Plodia interpunctella. A recombinant protein corresponding to the first 181 amino-terminal residues bound to beta-1,3-glucan, lipopolysaccharide, and lipoteichoic acid, polysaccharides found on cell surfaces of microorganisms, and also activated the prophenoloxidase-activating system, an immune response pathway in insects. The amino-terminal domain consists primarily of an alpha-helical secondary structure with a minor beta-structure. This domain was thermally stable and resisted proteolytic degradation. The 290 residue carboxyl-terminal domain, which is similar in sequence to glucanases, had less affinity for the polysaccharides, did not activate the prophenoloxidase cascade, had a more complicated CD spectrum, and was heat-labile and susceptible to proteinase digestion. The carboxyl-terminal domain bound to laminarin, a beta-1,3-glucan with beta-1,6 branches, but not to curdlan, a beta-1,3-glucan that lacks branching. These results indicate that the two domains of Plodia beta-1,3-glucan recognition protein, separated by a putative linker region, bind microbial polysaccharides with differing specificities and that the amino-terminal domain, which is unique to this class of pattern recognition receptors from invertebrates, is responsible for stimulating prophenoloxidase activation. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Kanost, MR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kanost@ksu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM041247] NR 59 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 18 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 25 BP 26605 EP 26611 DI 10.1074/jbc.M403382200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 828VY UT WOS:000222003000086 PM 15084591 ER PT J AU Yanes, EG Miller-Ihli, NJ AF Yanes, EG Miller-Ihli, NJ TI Use of a parallel path nebulizer for capillary-based microseparation techniques coupled with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer for speciation measurements SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE cobalamins; vitamin B12; microseparation; ICP-MS; Mira Mist CE nebulizer; parallel path nebulizer; CE; micro-HPLC; speciation ID REVERSED-PHASE HPLC; MICROCONCENTRIC NEBULIZER; ICP-MS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; PNEUMATIC NEBULIZERS; SAMPLE INTRODUCTION; COBALAMINS; AEROSOLS; SELENIUM AB A low flow, parallel path Mira Mist CE nebulizer designed for capillary electrophoresis (CE) was evaluated as a function of make-up solution flow rate, composition, and concentration, as well as the nebulizer gas flow rate. This research was conducted in support of a project related to the separation and quantification of cobalamin (vitamin B-12) species using microseparation techniques combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection. As such, Co signals were monitored during the nebulizer characterization process. Transient effects in the ICP were studied to evaluate the suitability of using gradients for microseparations and the benefit of using methanol for the make-up solution was demonstrated. Co signal response changed significantly as a function of changing methanol concentrations of the make-up solution and maximum signal enhancement was seen at 20% methanol with a 15 mul/min flow rate. Evaluation of the effect of changing the nebulizer gas flow rates showed that argon flows from 0.8 to 1.2 l/min were equally effective. The Mira Mist CE parallel path nebulizer was then evaluated for interfacing capillary microseparation techniques including capillary electrophoresis (CE) and micro high performance liquid chromatography (muHPLC) to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A mixture of four cobalamin species standards (cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, and 5' deoxyadenosylcobalamin) and the. corrinoid analogue cobinamide dicyanide were successfully separated using both CE-ICP-MS and muHPLC-ICP-MS using the parallel path nebulizer with a make-up solution containing 20% methanol with a flow rate of 15 mul/min. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller-Ihli, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Room 1,Bldg 161 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yanes@bhnrc.usda.gov; miller-ihli@bhnrc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUN 18 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 6 BP 883 EP 890 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2004.03.005 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 834TL UT WOS:000222433700008 ER PT J AU Yanes, EG Miller-Ihli, NJ AF Yanes, EG Miller-Ihli, NJ TI Cobalamin speciation using reversed-phase micro-high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE cobalamins; vitamin B12; reversed-phase; micro-high-performance liquid chromatography; ICP-MS; Mira Mist CE ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; VISIBLE DETECTION; MS DETECTION; ICP-MS; ANALOGS; CYANOCOBALAMIN; VITAMIN-B-12; SEPARATION; ABSORPTION; EXTRACTION AB Micro-high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was optimized for the determination and separation of a mixture of cobalt containing species. Four cobalamin species (cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, and 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin) representing the various forms of vitamin B12 as well as the harmful corrinoid analogue cobinamide dicyanide were separated using reversed-phase microcapillary chromatography with columns containing C18 packing material with a 2-mum particle size. Selection of organic solvents for the separation took into consideration compatibility with the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer being used for element specific detection. Optimized method conditions included use of a methanol gradient and make-up solution for the nebulizer. Some issues associated with dead volume were overcome by the extension of the gradient program. The total analysis time was 52 min. The column-to-column variability was evaluated and was found to be very reasonable (9% RSD on average), confirming that this method is rugged and that the technology should be easily transferred to other laboratories. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller-Ihli, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Room 1,Bldg 161 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yanes@bhnrc.usda.gov; miller-ihli@bhnrc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUN 18 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 6 BP 891 EP 899 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2004.03.006 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 834TL UT WOS:000222433700009 ER PT J AU Fukushima, RS Hatfield, RD AF Fukushima, RS Hatfield, RD TI Comparison of the acetyl bromide spectrophotometric method with other analytical lignin methods for determining lignin concentration in forage samples SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acetyl bromide soluble lignin; acid detergent lignin; dioxane; in vitro digestibility; Klason lignin; permanganate lignin ID ALKALINE NITROBENZENE OXIDATION; ACID DETERGENT LIGNIN; CELL-WALLS; CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; WHEAT INTERNODES; KLASON LIGNIN; DDQ-OXIDATION; DIGESTIBILITY; FIBER; GRASS AB Present analytical methods to quantify lignin in herbaceous plants are not totally satisfactory. A spectrophotometric method, acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), has been employed to determine lignin concentration in a range of plant materials. In this work, lignin extracted with acidic dioxane was used to develop standard curves and to calculate the derived linear regression equation (slope equals absorptivity value or extinction coefficient) for determining the lignin concentration of respective cell wall samples. This procedure yielded lignin values that were different from those obtained with Klason lignin, acid detergent acid insoluble lignin, or permanganate lignin procedures. Correlations with in vitro dry matter or cell wall digestibility of samples were highest with data from the spectrophotometric technique. The ABSL method employing as standard lignin extracted with acidic dioxane has the potential to be employed as an analytical method to determine lignin concentration in a range of forage materials. It may be useful in developing a quick and easy method to predict in vitro digestibility on the basis of the total lignin content of a sample. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-13635900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Fukushima, RS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Av Duque Caxias Norte 225, BR-13635900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. EM rsfukush@usp.br RI Fukushima, Romualdo/C-2821-2012 NR 53 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 16 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 12 BP 3713 EP 3720 DI 10.1021/jf035497l PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 828GZ UT WOS:000221963100006 PM 15186087 ER PT J AU Breksa, AP Manners, GD AF Breksa, AP Manners, GD TI Determination of limonin D-ring lactone hydrolase activity by solid phase extraction with indirect fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE limonoid; citrus; solid phase extraction; analysis; hydrolase activity ID LIMONOIDS; SEEDS AB A method for the evaluation of limonin D-ring lactone hydrolase activity is described. The method utilizes solid phase extraction (SPE) for the isolation of limonin A-ring limonoate (LARL), which is subsequently converted to limonin and quantitated by fluorescence. The fluorescence method is capable of quantifying the formation of LARL in concentrations as low as 75 ng and is applicable to both purified and crude enzyme preparations. The coupling of SPE with fluorescence detection allows for the simple and rapid analysis of samples. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Breksa, AP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM apb3@pw.usda.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 16 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 12 BP 3772 EP 3775 DI 10.1021/jf049928r PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 828GZ UT WOS:000221963100014 PM 15186095 ER PT J AU Garcia, RA Onwulata, CI Ashby, RD AF Garcia, RA Onwulata, CI Ashby, RD TI Water plasticization of extruded material made from meat and bone meal and sodium caseinate SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE meat and bone meal; casein; moisture sorption isotherm; bio-based material; extrusion; texture; glass transition temperature; dog chew; moisture barrier; stiffness ID EDIBLE FILMS; ALTERNATIVES; LIVESTOCK; ADHESIVES; PRODUCTS; ANIMALS AB Meat and bone meal (MBM) is a high protein agricultural commodity that currently has few applications other than as an animal feed. Unmodified MBM has poor functional properties, due to its low solubility. Our results from pilot plant trials demonstrate that MBM can be extrusion-processed along with sodium caseinate to produce a useful plastic material. We developed this material for use as a dog chew toy. For this application, elastic modulus (stiffness) is a key characteristic. Our results detail the relationship between ambient relative humidity and equilibrium moisture content (MC) in the material. The influence of MC on the glass transition temperature and elastic modulus reflects the plasticization of this material by water. On the basis of a comparison to a commercially available dog chew, the range of stiffness achievable with our material, 0.25-2.50 GPa, encompasses the values appropriate for a dog chew. Our results show that a particular desired stiffness can be maintained by applying an edible moisture barrier to the surface of the material. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Garcia, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rgarcia@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009 OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 16 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 12 BP 3776 EP 3779 DI 10.1021/jf035420x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 828GZ UT WOS:000221963100015 PM 15186096 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Beecher, GR Holden, JM Haytowitz, DB Gebhardt, SE Prior, RL AF Wu, XL Beecher, GR Holden, JM Haytowitz, DB Gebhardt, SE Prior, RL TI Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of common foods in the United States SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; hydrophilic; lipophilic; ORAC(FL); total phenolics; fruits; vegetables; nuts; dried fruits; spices; baby foods; chocolate; cereal ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS; VEGETABLE INTAKE; NUT CONSUMPTION; CLINICAL-TRIAL; ESSENTIAL OILS; IN-VIVO; FRUIT AB Both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities were determined using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(FL)) assay with fluorescein as the fluorescent probe and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a peroxyl radical generator on over 100 different kinds of foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, dried fruits, spices, cereals, infant, and other foods. Most of the foods were collected from four different regions and during two different seasons in U.S. markets. Total phenolics of each sample were also measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Hydrophilic ORAC(FL) values (H-ORAC(FL)) ranged from 0.87 to 2641 mumol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/g among all of the foods, whereas lipophilic ORAC(FL) values (L-ORAC(FL)) ranged from 0.07 to 1611 mumol of TE/g. Generally, L-ORAC(FL) values were <10% of the H-ORAC(FL) values except for a very few samples. Total antioxidant capacity was calculated by combining L-ORAC(FL) and H-ORAC(FL). Differences of ORAC(FL) values in fruits and vegetables from different seasons and regions were relatively large for some foods but could not be analyzed in detail because of the sampling scheme. Two different processing methods, cooking and peeling, were used on selected foods to evaluate the impact of processing on ORAC(FL). The data demonstrated that processing can have significant effects on ORAC(FL). Considering all of the foods analyzed, the relationship between TP and H-ORAC(FL) showed a very weak correlation. Total hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity intakes were calculated to be 5558 and 166 mumol of TE/clay, respectively, on the basis of data from the USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (1994-1996). C1 USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu NR 69 TC 887 Z9 925 U1 10 U2 144 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 16 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 12 BP 4026 EP 4037 DI 10.1021/jf049696w PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 828GZ UT WOS:000221963100052 PM 15186133 ER PT J AU Hornberger, TA Stuppard, R Conley, KE Fedele, MJ Fiorotto, ML Chin, ER Esser, KA AF Hornberger, TA Stuppard, R Conley, KE Fedele, MJ Fiorotto, ML Chin, ER Esser, KA TI Mechanical stimuli regulate rapamycin-sensitive signalling by a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-, protein kinase B- and growth factor-independent mechanism SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hypertrophy; mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); mechanotransduction; protein synthesis; rapamycin; ribosomal S6 kinase (p70(s6k)) ID P70 S6 KINASE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; MAMMALIAN TARGET; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; TRANSLATION INITIATION; TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; AMINO-ACIDS; IN-VITRO; INSULIN AB In response to growth factors, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) has been identified as a central component of the signalling pathways that control the translational machinery and cell growth. Signalling through mTOR has also been shown to be necessary for the mechanical load-induced growth of cardiac and skeletal muscles. Although the mechanisms involved for mechanically induced activation of mTOR are not known, it has been suggested that activation of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and protein kinase B (Akt), via the release of locally acting growth factors, underlies this process. In the present study, we show that mechanically stimulating (passive stretch) the skeletal muscle ex vivo results in the activation of mTOR-dependent signalling events. The activation of mTOR-dependent signalling events was necessary for an increase in translational efficiency, demonstrating the physiological significance of this pathway. Using phannacological inhibitors, we show that activation of mTOR-dependent signalling occurs through a PI3K-independent pathway. Consistent with these results, mechanically induced signalling through mTOR was not disrupted in muscles from Akt1 -/- mice. In addition, ex vivo co-incubation experiments, along with in vitro conditioned-media experiments, demonstrate that a mechanically induced release of locally acting autocrine/paracrine growth factors was not sufficient for the activation of the mTOR pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that mechanical stimuli can activate the mTOR pathway independent of PI3K/Akt1 and locally acting growth factors. Thus mechanical stimuli and growth factors provide distinct inputs through which mTOR co-ordinates an increase in the translational efficiency. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Kinesiol, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Esser, KA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Kinesiol, 901 W Roosevelt, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. EM mic25@uic.edu OI Hornberger, Troy/0000-0002-2349-1899 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR36281, AR45184, AR45617]; PHS HHS [T32 07692] NR 50 TC 136 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 8 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 380 BP 795 EP 804 DI 10.1042/BJ20040274 PN 3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 833LF UT WOS:000222338100023 PM 15030312 ER PT J AU Huang, JWW Poynton, CY Kochian, LV Elless, MP AF Huang, JWW Poynton, CY Kochian, LV Elless, MP TI Phytofiltration of arsenic from drinking water using arsenic-hyperaccumulating ferns SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANTS AB Arsenic contamination of drinking water poses serious health risks to millions of people worldwide. Current technologies used to clean arsenic-contaminated water have significant drawbacks, such as high cost and generation of large volumes of toxic waste. In this study, we investigated the potential of using recently identified arsenic-hyperaccumulating ferns to remove arsenic from drinking water. Hydroponically cultivated, two arsenic-hyperaccumulating fern species (Pteris vittata and Pteris cretica cv. Mayii) and a nonaccumulating fern species (Nephrolepis exaltata) were suspended in water containing As-73-labeled arsenic with initial arsenic concentrations ranging from 20 to 500 mug L-1. The efficiency of arsenic phytofiltration by these fern species was determined by continuously monitoring the depletion of As-73-labeled arsenic concentration in the water. With an initial water arsenic concentration of 200 mug L-1, P. vittata reduced the arsenic concentration by 98.6% to 2.8 mug L-1 in 24 h. When the initial water arsenic was 20 mug L-1, P. vittata reduced the arsenic concentration to 7.2 mug L-1 in 6 h and to 0.4 mug L-1 in 24 h. At similar plant ages, both P. vittata and P. cretica had similar arsenic phytofiltration efficiency and were able to rapidly remove arsenic from water to achieve arsenic levels below the new drinking water limit of 10 mug L-1. However, N. exaltata failed to reduce water arsenic to achieve the limit under the same experimental conditions. The significantly higher efficiency of arsenic phytofiltration by arsenic-hyperaccumulating fern species is associated with their ability to rapidly translocate absorbed arsenic from roots to shoots. The nonaccumulating fern N. exaltata was unable to translocate the absorbed arsenic to the shoots. Our results demonstrate that the arsenic-phytofiltration technique may provide the basis for a solar-powered hydroponic technique that enables small-scale cleanup of arsenic-contaminated drinking water. C1 Edenspace Syst Corp, Dulles, VA 20151 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Elless, MP (reprint author), Edenspace Syst Corp, Dulles, VA 20151 USA. EM elless@edenspace.com OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 R44 ES-011065-03] NR 22 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 12 BP 3412 EP 3417 DI 10.1021/es0351645 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 829MA UT WOS:000222051400038 PM 15260342 ER PT J AU Luce, CH Tarboton, DG AF Luce, CH Tarboton, DG TI The application of depletion curves for parameterization of subgrid variability of snow SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Modelling and Simulation CY DEC 10-13, 2001 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA SP Modelling & Simulat Soc Australia & New Zealand DE distributed snow models; subgrid variability; scale; snow-cover patterns; snow water equivalent ID UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MODEL; RUNOFF; IDAHO; CREEK; COVER; DATABASE AB Parameterization of subgrid-scale variability in snow accumulation and melt is important for improvements in distributed snowmelt modelling. We have taken the approach of using depletion curves that relate fractional snow-covered area to element-average snow water equivalent to parameterize the effect of snowpack heterogeneity within a physically based mass and energy balance snowpack model. Comparisons of parameterization outputs with distributed model outputs and observations show performance comparable to the distributed model and reasonable performance relative to observations for time series modelling of snow water equivalent and snow-covered area. Examination of the relationship between the shapes of the depletion curves and parametric distributions shows that the shapes of dimensionless depletion curves depend primarily on the coefficient of variation and to a lesser extent on the shape of the snow distribution function. The methods presented here are a generalization of several previously used methods to estimate depletion curve shapes. Comparison of several years of observed depletion curves from the study basin show that the shapes of the depletion curves change little from year to year. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Luce, CH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM cluce@fs.fed.us RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Tarboton, David/G-8972-2011 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Tarboton, David/0000-0002-1998-3479 NR 23 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1409 EP 1422 DI 10.1002/hyp.1420 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 825TT UT WOS:000221781900004 ER PT J AU Green, TR Erskine, RH AF Green, TR Erskine, RH TI Measurement, scaling, and topographic analyses of spatial crop yield and soil water content SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Modelling and Simulation CY DEC 10-13, 2001 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA SP Modelling & Simulat Soc Australia & New Zealand DE landscape topography; crop yield; soil moisture; spatial data; scaling; fractals; hydrology; agriculture ID MOISTURE IMAGES; SQUARES REGRESSION; VARIABILITY; ORGANIZATION; HYDROLOGY; ISSUES AB The need to transfer information across a range of space-time scales (i.e. scaling) is coupled with the need to predict variables and processes of interest across landscapes (i.e. distributed simulation). Agricultural landscapes offer a unique set of problems and space-time data availability with the onset of satellite-based positioning and crop yield monitoring. The present study addresses quantification of the spatial variability of rainfed crop yield and near-surface soil water at farm field scales using two general methods: (1) geostatistical and fractal analyses; and (2) univariate linear regression using topographic attributes as explanatory variables. These methods are applied to 2 years of crop yield data from three fields in eastern Colorado, USA, and to soil-water content (depth-averaged over the top 30 cm) in one of these fields. Method I is useful for scaling each variable, and variogram shapes and their associated fractal dimensions of crop yield are related to those of topographic attributes. A new measure of fractal anisotropy is introduced and estimated from field data. Method 2 takes advantage of empirical and process knowledge of topographic controls on water movement and microenvironments. Topographic attributes, estimated from a digital elevation model at some scale (10 m by 10 m spacing here), help explain the spatial variability in crop yield. The topographic wetness index, for example, explained from 38 to 48% of the spatial variance in 1997 wheat yield. Soil water displays more random spatial variability, and its dynamic nature makes it difficult to predict in both space and time. Despite such variability, spatial structure is evident and can be approximated by simple fractals out to lag distances of about 450 m. In summary, these data and spatial analyses provide a basis and motivation for estimating the fractal behaviour, spatial statistics, and distributed patterns of crop yield from landscape topographic information. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Green, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, 2150-D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM green@gpsr.colostate.edu RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 37 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1447 EP 1465 DI 10.1002/hyp.1422 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 825TT UT WOS:000221781900006 ER PT J AU Plengvidhya, V Breidt, F Fleming, HP AF Plengvidhya, V Breidt, F Fleming, HP TI Use of RAPD-PCR as a method to follow the progress of starter cultures in sauerkraut fermentation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RAPD; starter cultures; sauerkraut; fermentation; lactic acid bacteria ID LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM STRAINS; POLYMORPHIC DNA RAPD; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES; RESTRICTION; PATTERNS; NISIN AB DNA fingerprinting methods were used to follow the progress of unmarked starter cultures in laboratory sauerkraut fermentations (1.2 and 13 l). Random prime PCR (RAPD-PCR) was used for strain-specific identification of Leuconostoc mesenteroides cultures. A comparative analysis of RAPD banding patterns for fermentation isolates and starter cultures was carried out using both genetically marked and unmarked cultures. While some variation in the RAPD patterns was observed, the results showed that the starter cultures dominated the fermentation during early heterofermentative stage for up to 5 days after the start of fermentation. Results from marked and unmarked starter cultures were confirmed by intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS)-PCR, and strain identify was confirmed by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. The results demonstrate the utility of RAPD to follow the progression of unmarked starter cultures of L. mesenteroides in sauerkraut fermentations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, ARS, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM breidt@ncsu.edu NR 27 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 3 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.11.010 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 831AF UT WOS:000222164600003 PM 15163585 ER PT J AU Jayakrishnan, R Srinivasan, R Arnold, JG AF Jayakrishnan, R Srinivasan, R Arnold, JG TI Comparison of raingage and WSR-88D Stage III precipitation data over the Texas-Gulf basin SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE WSR-88D; next generation weather radar; raingage; precipitation; accuracy assessment; Texas-Gulf basin ID UNITED-STATES; ERROR; BIAS AB Precipitation is one of the most important hydrologic model inputs and is characterized by spatial and temporal variability. Traditionally, raingage networks have provided precipitation data for hydrologic studies. Weather radars like the WSR-88D estimate precipitation with high spatial and temporal sampling frequencies, but radar estimates suffer from errors due to several reasons. Assessment of the quality of radar precipitation data is necessary before the application of radar data in hydrologic studies and is important for improving radar data processing algorithms. Accuracy assessment of Stage III precipitation data front the WSR-88D network over the Texas-Gulf basin was performed for the period 1995-99 using 24-h accumulations from 545 raingages. Sampling differences between point raingage measurements and areal radar estimates were ignored. WSR-88D underestimated the five-year precipitation at a vast majority of the raingages. Difference in the total precipitation depth between radar and raingage was within +/- 500 mm only at 42% of the raingages; the root mean squared difference was more than 10 mm at 78% of the raingages. Such large differences between both rainfall data sources will have significant implications for the hydrologic applications of WSR-88D Stag e III data. Radar estimation efficiency was better than 0.50 at 71% of the First Order/FAA raingages and 41% of the cooperative observer raingages. Radar performance varied significantly over the years, and, in general, improvement in radar performance was observed, which is consistent with the on-going developments in WSR-88D data processing algorithms: however, an overestimation trend was identified during 1998-99. Evaluation of the quality of WSR-88D Stage III data and making necessary corrections are important before their application in hydrologic studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Jayakrishnan, R (reprint author), Boyle Engn Corp, 5971 Cattleridge Boulev,Suite 200, Sarasota, FL 34232 USA. EM jjayakrishnan@boyleengineering.com RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 32 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 1-4 BP 135 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.027 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 822RB UT WOS:000221556400009 ER PT J AU Herrmann, LM Hotzel, I Cheevers, WP Top, KPO Lewis, GS Knowles, DP AF Herrmann, LM Hotzel, I Cheevers, WP Top, KPO Lewis, GS Knowles, DP TI Seven new ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) field isolates from Dubois Idaho sheep comprise part of OPPV clade II based on surface envelope glycoprotein (SU) sequences SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SRLV; OPPV; CAEV; MVV; colostrum; milk; envelope; SU ID ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; SMALL RUMINANT LENTIVIRUSES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SERUM ANTIBODIES; MOLECULAR CLONES; NORTH-AMERICAN; INFECTION; GOATS AB Seven new ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) field isolates were derived from colostrum, and milk of 10 naturally OPPV-infected sheep from the US Sheep Experiment Station in Dubois, Idaho, USA. Sixteen sequences of the surface envelope glycoprotein (SU) from these seven Dubois OPPV field isolates and SU sequence from OPPV WLC1 were obtained, aligned with published SRLV SU sequences, and analyzed using phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (PAUP). Percent nucleotide identity in SU was greater than 95.8% among clones from individual Dubois OPPVs and ranged from 85.5 to 93.8% between different Dubois OPPV clones. SU sequences from Dubois OPPVs and WLC1 OPPV had significantly higher percent nucleotide identity to SU sequences from the North American OPPVs (85/34 and S93) than caprine-arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEVs) or MVVs. PAUP analysis also showed that SU sequences from the Dubois OPPVs and OPPV WLC1 grouped with other North American OPPVs (85/34 and S93) with a bootstrap value of 100 and formed one OPPV clade II group. In addition, Dubois and WLC1 SU amino acid sequences had significantly higher identity to SU sequences from North American OPPVs than CAEV or MVV. These data indicate that the seven new Dubois OPPV field isolates along with WLC1 OPPV are part of the OPPV clade 11 and are distinct from CAEVs and MVVs. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Herrmann, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 2 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.02.001 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 816ZX UT WOS:000221148900011 PM 15084404 ER PT J AU Kingsley, DH Chen, HQ Hoover, DG AF Kingsley, DH Chen, HQ Hoover, DG TI Inactivation of selected picornaviruses by high hydrostatic pressure SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE high pressure processing; Aichi virus; coxsackievirus; parechovirus ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENTEROVIRUS RNA; AICHI-VIRUS; ROTAVIRUS; CELLS; GASTROENTERITIS; PARECHOVIRUSES; CONTAMINATION; SHELLFISH AB The potential of high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) to inactivate Aichi virus (AiV), human parechovirus-1 (HPeV-1), and the coxsackievirus strains A9 and 135 was investigated. For coxsackievirus A9 (CAV9), a 5-min HPP treatment in minimum essential growth medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine sera (FBS) resulted in 3.4-, 6.5-, and 7.6-log(10) tissue culture infectious dose (50%) (TCID50) reductions at 400, 500, and 600 megaPascals (MPa), respectively. For HPeV-1, a 5-min treatment in MEM with 10% FBS resulted in reductions of 1.3-, 4.3-, and 4.6-log(10) TCID50 at 400, 500, and 600 MPa, respectively; however, AiV and coxsackievirus 135 (CBV5) in MEM supplemented with 2 and 10% FBS, respectively, remained fully infectious after a 5-min treatment at 600 MPa. These data establish that different picornaviruses have widely variable pressure inactivation thresholds in response to HPP. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Delaware State Univ, USDA ARS, James WW Baker Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Kingsley, DH (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, USDA ARS, James WW Baker Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM dkingsle@desu.edu NR 36 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 2 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.01.030 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 816ZX UT WOS:000221148900012 PM 15084405 ER PT J AU Harcombe, PA Greene, SE Kramer, MG Acker, SA Spies, TA Valentine, T AF Harcombe, PA Greene, SE Kramer, MG Acker, SA Spies, TA Valentine, T TI The influence of fire and windthrow dynamics on a coastal spruce-hemlock forest in Oregon, USA, based on aerial photographs spanning 40 years SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE blowdown; stand-structure; stand development; disturbance ID TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; TSUGA-HETEROPHYLLA FOREST; TIERRA-DEL-FUEGO; PICEA-SITCHENSIS; SILVICULTURAL IMPLICATIONS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; DISTURBANCE; LANDSCAPE; WIND AB To gain understanding of patterns in forest structure and their causes, we mapped the distribution of three canopy cover classes and measured change in one of them over 40 years using aerial photographs for the 500 ha Neskowin Crest Research Natural Area (Lincoln and Tillamook Counties, Oregon). One class (fine texture, trees of uniform crown diameter and height) covered about half the area; it was identified as second growth originating after a large regional fire in 1845. The other major class (coarse texture, trees of variable crown diameter and height), occupying about 35% of the area, was unburned or partially hurried in 1845. The third class (openings with down stems visible on the ground) was blowdown patches. The blowdown patches were very small in 1953; they grew incrementally, and by 1994 had coalesced into a large patch occupying about 15% of the area. A long-term windstorm susceptibility model developed for southeast Alaska identified the region where the blowdown patch occurred as being very susceptible to maritime windstorm disturbance. This correspondence between predicted susceptibility to damage and actual blowdown supports the hypothesis that windstorm effects may be strongly constrained by topography. The results also suggest that blowdown in storm-susceptible topographic settings can be the result of multiple windstorm events over time, rather than a single event. The resulting forest is a mosaic of large multiaged chronic-disturbance patches embedded in a matrix structured by fine-scale patch processes. A consequence of a constraint on blowdown is that at the scale of hundreds of hectares biomass may not fluctuate strongly over time unless stand-destroying fires occur. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ecosyst Sci & Technol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Harcombe, PA (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM harcomb@rice.edu NR 60 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 14 PY 2004 VL 194 IS 1-3 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.016 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 827TT UT WOS:000221924600007 ER PT J AU Lewis, KJ Trummer, LM Thompson, RD AF Lewis, KJ Trummer, LM Thompson, RD TI Incidence of tomentosus root disease relative to spruce density and slope position in south-central Alaska SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; root disease; Picea; Kenai peninsula; stand density ID CENTRAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; INONOTUS-TOMENTOSUS; INFECTION CENTERS; GROWTH REDUCTION; DOUGLAS-FIR; SPREAD; MYCORRHIZAE; SEEDLINGS; SURVIVAL; FORESTS AB Inonotus tomentosus causes tomentosus root disease of spruce in boreal and sub-boreal forests of south-central Alaska. The relationship between the incidence of I. tomentosus and spruce diameter, density and basal area was examined on two different sites on the Kenai Peninsula. Sites were systematically surveyed using 50 M plots and disease incidence was calculated as the percent of spruce trees infected with I. tomentosus. Transects from the top of slopes to the bottom were also established at the same sites and soil moisture probes were installed in the upper 15-20 cm at five equidistant points on each transect. The relationship between slope position, percent soil moisture content, soil pH and disease incidence was determined by ANOVA and regression analysis. The incidence of I. tomentosus in the plot survey ranged from 0 to 100% and spruce density (stems per hectare) and basal area had no relationship with disease incidence. Disease incidence was significantly and positively related to individual tree diameter and disease was most common on slopes compared to either bottom or top (flat) positions. Percent moisture content was greatest at bottom slope positions and at flat sites located beyond the crest of slopes. Disease incidence was negatively related to percent moisture content, but not related to pH. Slope position, or soil moisture content, may be used by forest managers to indicate areas more likely to have a higher incidence of root disease and can therefore reduce costs of disease surveys by enabling stratification of managed forest stands. Further, the results suggest that a higher planting density to compensate for losses to tomentosus root disease will not significantly increase disease incidence. (C) 2004, Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Lewis, KJ (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, 3333 Univ Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. EM lewis@unbc.ca; ltrummer@fs.fed.us; thompson@unbc.ca NR 44 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 14 PY 2004 VL 194 IS 1-3 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.027 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 827TT UT WOS:000221924600013 ER PT J AU Martens, DA Loeffelmann, KL AF Martens, DA Loeffelmann, KL TI Automatic generation of ultra-pure hydroxide eluent for carbohydrate analysis of environmental samples SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Ion Chromography Symposium CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE mobile phase composition; environmental analysis; monosaccharides ID ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ONLINE; SYSTEM; CARBON AB High-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection under alkaline conditions has significantly improved our understanding of the function of carbohydrates in cycling of terrestrial carbon. The use of NaOH as an eluent has many advantages for anion analysis, but NaOH solutions are also an excellent trap for atmospheric CO, resulting in eluent carbonate ion contamination. To minimize the carbonate contamination, eluent generation technology has been marketed that produces ultra-pure hydroxide (OH) eluents on demand. Application of this technology significantly reduced the amounts of OH present in the waste stream and provided faster chromatographic runs with greater sensitivity and precision for determining the monosaccharide composition from environmental samples. Minimizing the salt concentration to less than or equal to50 rum from acid hydrolysis extractions injected (25 mul injection volume) on column improved reproducibility of analyte retention times and separations. Eluent generation technology eliminated inconsistent OH eluent preparation that is often due to carbonate contamination. The contamination increases retention time variability for monosaccharides released by hydrolysis of biological samples. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Martens, DA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dmartens@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 11 PY 2004 VL 1039 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.12.064 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 825OY UT WOS:000221769000006 PM 15250399 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Cassman, KG AF Sinclair, TR Cassman, KG TI Agronomic UFOs SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID METHANOL C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trsincl@ifas.ufl.edu NR 8 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 88 IS 1 BP 9 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.01.001 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 823ET UT WOS:000221593300002 ER PT J AU Torbert, HA Prior, SA Rogers, HH Runion, GB AF Torbert, HA Prior, SA Rogers, HH Runion, GB TI Elevated atmospheric CO2 effects on N fertilization in grain sorghum and soybean SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; fertilizer nitrogen dynamics; N-15; Glyine max; Sorghum bicolor ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; SOIL-NITROGEN DYNAMICS; RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; LITTER QUALITY; CROP RESPONSES; COTTON; AGROECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLAND; GROWTH; PLANTS AB Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration has led to concerns about global changes to the environment. One area of global change that has not been fully addressed is the effect of elevated atmospheric CO, on agriculture production inputs. Elevated CO2 concentration alterations of plant growth and C:N ratios may modify C and N cycling in soil and N fertility. This study was conducted to examine the effects of legume, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and non-legume, grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) carbon dioxide-enriched agro-ecosystems on N soil fertility in a Blanton loamy sand (loamy siliceous, thermic, Grossarenic Paleudults). The study was a split-plot design replicated three times with crop species (soybean and grain sorghum) as the main plots and CO2 concentration (ambient and twice ambient) as Subplots using open top field chambers. Fertilizer application was made with N-15-depleted NH4NO3 to act as a fertilizer tracer. Elevated CO2 increased total biomass production in all 3 years of both grain sorghum (average 30%) and soybean (average 40%). With soybean, while no impact on the plant C:N ratio was observed, the total N content was greatly increased (average 29%) due to increased atmospheric N, fixation with elevated CO2 concentration. With grain sorghum, the total N uptake was not affected, but the C:N ratio was markedly increased (average 31%) by elevated CO2. No impact of elevated CO2 level was observed for fertilizer N in grain sorghum. The results from this study indicated that while elevated CO2 may enhance crop production and change N status in plant tissue, changes to soil N fertilizer application practices may not be needed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Torbert, HA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM atorbert@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 88 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2003.11.011 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 823ET UT WOS:000221593300006 ER PT J AU Hansen, MJ Dallal, GE Flanagan, JG AF Hansen, MJ Dallal, GE Flanagan, JG TI Retinal axon response to ephrin-as shows a graded, concentration-dependent transition from growth promotion to inhibition SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID REPULSIVE GUIDANCE MOLECULE; RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES; GANGLION-CELL AXONS; RETINOTECTAL PROJECTION; NEURAL DEVELOPMENT; BRANCH EXTENSION; VISUAL-SYSTEM; IN-VITRO; GRADIENTS; LIGANDS AB Ephrin-As act as retinal topographic mapping labels, but the molecular basis for two key aspects of mapping remains unclear. First, although mapping is believed to require balanced opposing forces, ephrin-As have been reported to be retinal axon repellents, and the counterbalanced force has not been molecularly identified. Second, although graded responsiveness across the retina is required for smooth mapping, a sharp discontinuity has instead been reported. Here, an axon growth assay was developed to systematically vary both retinal position and ephrin concentration and test responses quantitatively. Responses varied continuously with retinal position, fulfilling the requirement for smooth mapping. Ephrin-A2 inhibited growth at high concentrations but promoted growth at lower concentrations. Moreover, the concentration producing a transition from promotion to inhibition varied topographically with retinal position. These results lead directly to a mapping model where position within a concentration gradient may be specified at the neutral point between growth promotion and inhibition. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Neurosci Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Biostat Unit, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Flanagan, JG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM flanagan@hms.harvard.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY011559-12, R01 EY011559-11, R01 EY011559-13] NR 40 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0896-6273 J9 NEURON JI Neuron PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 717 EP 730 DI 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.05.009 PG 14 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 828LO UT WOS:000221975000005 PM 15182713 ER PT J AU Robbins, RJ Bean, SR AF Robbins, RJ Bean, SR TI Development of a quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection measurement system for phenolic acids SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE wine; food analysis; phenolic acids ID VEGETABLES; FLAVONOIDS; FRUITS; FOODS; WINE AB A quantitative high-performance, liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection method separating 16 phenolic acids was achieved. Six columns and several mobile phases were investigated. Resolution was achieved with a high-purity silica Phenomenex Luna C-18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 mum) and a binary gradient consisting of CH3OH-water (with 0.1% formic acid) and flow rate set at 0.7 ml/min. Acids were detected and quantitation performed at wavelength representing the lowest energy lambda(max) for individual acids. Extraction procedure from wine was optimized and yields ranged from 79 to 87% based on internal standard recovery. To confirm our quantitative results, identical samples were analyzed both in-house and by a collaborating laboratory. Correlation of two data sets generated linear regression equations that approached unity (0.93-0.98) and R-2 values ranging from 0.990 to 0.999. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Robbins, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 161,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robbins@bhnrc.usda.gov; scott@gmprc.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 22 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 4 PY 2004 VL 1038 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.03.009 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 824SZ UT WOS:000221708200012 PM 15233525 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ Kuykendall, LD AF Hunter, WJ Kuykendall, LD TI Determination of dimethylselenide and dimethyldiselenide by gas chromatography-photoionization detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE organoseleniurn compounds; selenium; selenides ID ORGANIC SELENIUM-COMPOUNDS; VEGETABLE OIL; SPECIATION AB A simple method for the determination of volatile selenium compounds employing a gas chromatograph equipped with a photoionization detector is described. The method involves the direct injection of dimethylselenide (DMS) or dimethyldiselenide (DMDS) into the gas chromatograph; no derivatization of the sample was required. The photoionization detector was capable of detecting 60pg (0.55pmol) of DMS and 150pg (0.80pmol) DMDS. Sensitivity was 10-50 times greater with DMS and 4-20 times greater with DMDS when the photoionization detector was employed than when the flame ionization detector was employed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Suite 100,2150D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 4 PY 2004 VL 1038 IS 1-2 BP 295 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.03.005 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 824SZ UT WOS:000221708200032 PM 15233545 ER PT J AU James, LF Panter, KE Gaffield, W Molyneux, RJ AF James, LF Panter, KE Gaffield, W Molyneux, RJ TI Biomedical applications of poisonous plant research SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE poisonous plants; Veratrum; Lupinus; Astragalus; Oxytropis; cycloparnine; ammodendrine; anagyrine; swainsonine; cyclopia; teratogenicity; cleft palate; locoism; neurological defects; abortion; antimetastatic; antiviral ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; CROOKED CALF DISEASE; IN-UTERO REPAIR; STEROIDAL ALKALOID TERATOGENS; HEDGEHOG SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; HEMLOCK CONIUM-MACULATUM; FETAL CLEFT-PALATE; SONIC-HEDGEHOG; GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS; VERATRUM-CALIFORNICUM AB Research designed to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds responsible for the toxicity of plants to livestock that graze them has been extremely successful. The knowledge gained has been used to design management techniques to prevent economic losses, predict potential outbreaks of poisoning, and treat affected animals. The availability of these compounds in pure form has now provided scientists with tools to develop animal models for human diseases, study modes of action at the molecular level, and apply such knowledge to the development of potential drug candidates for the treatment of a number of genetic and infectious conditions. These advances are illustrated by specific examples of biomedical applications of the toxins of Veratrum califomicum (western false hellebore), Lupinus species (lupines), and Astragalus and Oxytropis species (locoweeds). C1 USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP James, LF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM lfjpprl@cc.usu.edu NR 182 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 2 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 11 BP 3211 EP 3230 DI 10.1021/jf0308206 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 823ZG UT WOS:000221652400001 PM 15161174 ER PT J AU Medina, MB AF Medina, MB TI Development of a fluorescent latex immunoassay for detection of a spectinomycin antibiotic SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE spectinomycin; fluorescent immunoassay; latex immunoassay ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESIDUES; CONFIRMATION; QUANTITATION; TISSUES; PLASMA; MILK AB There is a need to develop a rapid and sensitive method to detect spectinomycin residues in animal tissues. A latex fluorescent immunoassay was designed using reagents developed for this assay. The spectinomycin antibody was produced in sheep, and the immunoglobulin (IgG) was purified through a Protein G affinity column and was immobilized onto latex particles. Spectinomycin was labeled with 5-([4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl]amino)fluorescein (DTAF). The optimum assay conditions consisted of preincubating the latex-IgG with spectinomycin in buffer solutions or in bovine kidney extracts. DTAF-spectinomycin was added and was further incubated. The bound spectinomycin-DTAF/IgG-latex complex was separated by centrifugation at 4000g for 10 min. The fluorescence signals of the unbound spectinomycin-DTAF in the supernatant were measured at 485/535 nm excitation/emission. The measured signals were directly proportional to the concentration of spectinomycin in the samples, and spectinomycin was detected at 0-100 ppb with minimum detectability of 5 ppb. The mean regression correlation of four trials in buffer was 0.936 when the % bound complex vs spectinomycin concentration was plotted. Analysis of the kidney extract spiked with 0-100 ppb spectinomycin had a regression correlation of 0.959. This assay provides a rapid screening method for low ppb detection of spectinomycin. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem & Core Technol U, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Medina, MB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem & Core Technol U, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM nunedina@arserrc.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 2 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 11 BP 3231 EP 3236 DI 10.1021/jf030542a PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 823ZG UT WOS:000221652400002 PM 15161175 ER PT J AU Hale, AL Meepagala, KM Oliva, A Aliotta, G Duke, SO AF Hale, AL Meepagala, KM Oliva, A Aliotta, G Duke, SO TI Phytotoxins from the leaves of Ruta graveolens SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ruta graveolens; furanocoumarins; quinolone alkaloid; phytotoxin ID POTENTIAL ALLELOCHEMICALS; INHIBITORS; SEEDS; OIL; L. AB Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of Ruta graveolens (common rue) leaves led to the isolation of the furanocoumarins 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP), 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), and the quinolone alkaloid graveoline as phytotoxic constituents. Graveoline and 8-MOP substantially inhibited growth of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seedlings and reduced chlorophyll content at 100 muM; this effect was not due to a direct effect on chlorophyll synthesis. Radical growth of L. sativa was inhibited by 10 muM 8-MOP. Graveoline inhibited growth of Lemna paucicostata (duckweed) at 100 muM. This is the first report of the phytotoxic activity of graveoline. Growth of Agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass) was inhibited by 5-MOP at 30 muM. All three compounds substantially reduced cell division in Allium cepa (onion) at or below 100 muM. None of the compounds caused significant cellular leakage of Cucumis sativus (cucumber) cotyledon disks at 100 muM. All three compounds inhibit plant growth, at least partially through inhibition of cell division. C1 USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Naples 2, Dept Life Sci, I-81100 Naples, Italy. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 2 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 11 BP 3345 EP 3349 DI 10.1021/jf0497298 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 823ZG UT WOS:000221652400022 PM 15161195 ER PT J AU Surles, RL Weng, N Simon, PW Sherry, ATT AF Surles, RL Weng, N Simon, PW Sherry, ATT TI Carotenoid profiles and consumer sensory evaluation of specialty carrots (Daucus carota, L.) of various colors SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carrot; carotenoid extraction; carotenoid profile; sensory evaluation; Daucus carota ID PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; RISK; BIOAVAILABILITY; ANTIOXIDANT; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; LYCOPENE; RETINOL; QUALITY; CANCER; FLAVOR AB Five different colored carrots were analyzed for their carotenoid profile and underwent sensory evaluation to determine consumer acceptance (n = 96). Four major carotenoids were identified and quantified by use of HPLC methods. High beta-carotene orange carrots were found to contain the greatest concentration of total carotenoids. Except for the white, all the carrots are a significant source of bioavailable carotenoids. Sensory evaluation showed the high beta-carotene orange and white carrots to be favored over the yellow, red, and purple carrots in both blind and nonblind treatments (P < 0.01). However, all the carrots were well accepted by the consumer panel. With this information, carrot growers should be encouraged to cultivate specialty carrots to provide sources of both vitamin A precursors and phytochemicals. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Interdepartmental Grad Program Nutrit Sci, Dept Nutrit Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetabel Crops Res Unit,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sherry, ATT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Interdepartmental Grad Program Nutrit Sci, Dept Nutrit Sci, 1415 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sherry@nutrisci.wisc.edu NR 36 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 2 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 11 BP 3417 EP 3421 DI 10.1021/jf035472m PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 823ZG UT WOS:000221652400035 PM 15161208 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sommers, CH Sokorai, KJB AF Fan, XT Sommers, CH Sokorai, KJB TI Ionizing radiation and antioxidants affect volatile sulfur compounds, lipid oxidation, and color of ready-to-eat Turkey Bologna SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ionizing radiation; antioxidant; volatile sulfur compounds; bologna; lipid oxidation; color ID HEAT-STERILIZED MEAT; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ROSEMARY EXTRACT; ASCORBIC-ACID; SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS; PORK PATTIES; STORAGE; QUALITY; BEEF; STABILITY AB Bologna was processed from ground turkey breast meats containing one of four antioxidant treatments (none, rosemary extract, sodium erythorbate, and sodium nitrite), After it was cooked, the bologna was sliced, sealed in gas impermeable bags, exposed to 0, 1.5, and 3.0 kGy gamma-radiation, and then stored at 5 degreesC for up to 8 weeks. Thiobarbuturic acid reactive substances (TBARS), color, and volatile sulfur compounds were measured every 2 weeks during storage. Irradiation had no consistent effect on TBARS values. The rosemary extract and sodium nitrite inhibited, while erythorbate increased, TBARS values, independent of radiation dose or storage time. Irradiation promoted redness and reduced yellowness of the control (no antioxidant) bologna at weeks 0 and 2. The use of nitrite and rosemary extract inhibited the changes in color due to irradiation. Several volatile sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, methyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide), measured using a pulsed flame photometric detector, increased with radiation dose. However, none of the antioxidants had any substantial effect on volatile sulfur compounds induced by irradiation, Our results suggest that antioxidants did not consistently affect irradiation-induced volatile sulfur compounds of turkey bologna although they did significantly impact color and lipid oxidation. C1 ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 2 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 11 BP 3509 EP 3515 DI 10.1021/jf035357b PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 823ZG UT WOS:000221652400050 PM 15161223 ER PT J AU Ahuja, EG Mavrodi, DV Thomashow, LS Blankenfeldt, W AF Ahuja, EG Mavrodi, DV Thomashow, LS Blankenfeldt, W TI Overexpression, purification and crystallization of PhzA, the first enzyme of the phenazine biosynthesis pathway of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; PHENAZINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MECHANISM; PYOCYANIN; CRYSTALS; PROTEINS; LOCUS; GENES AB Phenazines are broad-spectrum antibiotic metabolites produced by organisms such as Pseudomonas and Streptomyces. Phenazines have been shown to enhance microbial competitiveness and the pathogenic potential of the organisms that synthesize them. PhzA (163 residues, approximate molecular weight 18.7 kDa) is the product of the fit of seven genes of the operon responsible for phenazine biosynthesis in P. fluorescens 2-79. This enzyme is thought to catalyse one of the final steps in the formation of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, the end product of phenazine biosynthesis in P. fluorescens 2-9. Here, the purification and crystallization of recombinant PhzA are reported. Crystals diffracting to 2.1 Angstrom were obtained using 1.6 M magnesium sulfate and 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid monohydrate (MES) buffer pH 5.2-5.6. Crystals of both native and seleno-L-methionine-labelled protein belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a=66.8, b=75.3, c=84.5 Angstrom. The asymmetric unit contains one dimer of PhzA. C1 Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Blankenfeldt, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, Otto Hahn Str 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. EM wulf.blankenfeldt@mpi-dortmund.mpg.de RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; Blankenfeldt, Wulf/F-8877-2010 OI Blankenfeldt, Wulf/0000-0001-9886-9668 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 60 BP 1129 EP 1131 DI 10.1107/S090744490400767X PN 6 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 822WZ UT WOS:000221572600021 PM 15159577 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lane, E van Wilpe, E AF Dubey, JP Lane, E van Wilpe, E TI Sarcocystis ramphastosi sp nov and Sarcocystis sulfuratusi sp nov (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) from the keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) SO ACTA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis ramphastosi; Sarcocystis sulfuratusi; Protozoa; toucan; Ramphastos sulfuratus ID SOUTH-AMERICAN OPOSSUM; DIDELPHIS-ALBIVENTRIS; SP PROTOZOA; FALCATULA; PARASITE; BIRDS AB Two new species of Sarcocystis, Sarcocystis ramphastosi sp. nov. and Sarcocystis sulfuratusi sp. nov. are described from a naturally infected keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus). Only sarcocysts were found and they were mature. Sarcocysts of S. ramphastosi were up to 3 mm long and up to 1 mm wide. The sarcocyst wall was smooth. The villar protrusions on the sarcocyst wall of S. ramphastosi were up to 6.5 mum long and up to 3 pm wide; they were folded over the sarcocyst wall giving a thin-walled appearance. The microtubules in villar protrusions were smooth and confined to villar protrusions. Bradyzoites in sections were 4-4.5 x 1.3-1.6 mum in size. Sarcocysts of S. sulfuratusi were up to 900 mum long and up to 200 mum wide. The sarcocyst wall was smooth and thin-walled. The villar protrusions were up to 4.3 mum long and 1.4 mum wide. The microtubules in villar protrusions extended deeper into the granular layer of the sarcocyst wall and those in the granular layer were more electron-dense than in the villar protrusions. Bradyzoites were 5.0-7.0 X 1.5-2.2 mum in size. C1 USDA ARS, BARC E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Electron Microscope Unit, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Lane, Emily/0000-0003-0379-3790 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WITOLD STEFANSKI INST PARASITOLOGY PI WARSAW PA TWARDA 51/55, 00-818 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1230-2821 J9 ACTA PARASITOL JI Acta Parasitolog. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 93 EP 101 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 828SW UT WOS:000221994300001 ER PT J AU Effland, ABW AF Effland, ABW TI The human cost of food: Farmworkers' lives, labor, and advocacy SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Effland, ABW (reprint author), USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 78 IS 3 BP 365 EP 366 DI 10.1525/ah.2004.78.3.365 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA 838KE UT WOS:000222711400006 ER PT J AU Degrandi-Hoffman, G Tarpy, DR Schneider, SS AF Degrandi-Hoffman, G Tarpy, DR Schneider, SS TI Details, details: How sperm use might influence the Africanization process SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The expression, "nothing stays the same" applies to every living thing, whether an individual or a population. Individuals change as they age and mature. In the case of honey bees, an individual changes morphologically from egg to larva and then to a pupa and finally an adult. As an adult, the changes continue particularly in behavior. Honey bees also change at the colony level. Populations can change in size and also in their genetic composition. Size changes occur with the seasons and availability of resources. Genetic changes occur with the loss and replacement of a queen. C1 USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Degrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 144 IS 6 BP 453 EP 455 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 824SG UT WOS:000221706100013 ER PT J AU Rinderer, TE De Guzman, LI Harper, C AF Rinderer, TE De Guzman, LI Harper, C TI The effects of co-mingled Russian and Italian honey bee stocks and sunny or shaded apiaries on varroa mite infestation level, worker bee population and honey production SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FAR-EASTERN RUSSIA; RESISTANCE; DESTRUCTOR; FIELD AB The effects of co-mingling colonies of commercial Russian stock with colonies of Italian stock, and the effects of direct sun exposure and shade on the growth of Varroa destructor populations, worker bee populations and honey production were compared. Colonies in six apiaries (treatment combinations) were studied: 1) a Russian apiary that received direct sunlight throughout the day, 2) a Russian apiary that received shade all day, 3) an Italian apiary that received direct sun until mid- to late afternoon, 4) an Italian apiary that received shade all day, 5) an apiary in which half of the colonies were Russian and half the colonies were Italian and that received direct sunlight until mid to late afternoon, and 6) an apiary in which half of the colonies were Russian and half were Italian and that received shade until mid to late afternoon. Russian colonies had substantially smaller V destructor populations than the Italian colonies at the end of the experiment, ranging from 1/10(th) to 1/3(rd) depending upon the specific comparison of the two stocks in similar treatment combinations. Exposure to sunlight retarded mite population growth, while prolonged shade accelerated it, causing the death of many of the Italian colonies. The numbers of mites in Russian colonies kept in Russian apiaries were about one-third the numbers of mites in Russian colonies co-mingled with Italian colonies. Italian colonies had larger seasonal changes in honey bee population because of continued brood production beyond the end of the nectar flow. Overall, Russian colonies produced an average of 146 pounds of honey, while the Italian colonies produced an average of 126 pounds. Honey production in apiaries with both Russian and Italian colonies was consistent with this general difference. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Harpers Honey Farm, Carencro, LA 70520 USA. RP Rinderer, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM trinderer@ars.usda.gov; ldeguzman@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 144 IS 6 BP 481 EP 485 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 824SG UT WOS:000221706100020 ER PT J AU Ramakrishnan, AP Meyer, SE Waters, J Stevens, MR Coleman, CE Fairbanks, DJ AF Ramakrishnan, AP Meyer, SE Waters, J Stevens, MR Coleman, CE Fairbanks, DJ TI Correlation between molecular markers and adaptively significant genetic variation in Bromus tectorum (Poaceae) an inbreeding annual grass SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Bromus tectorum; cheatgrass; genetic variation; microsatellite; molecular marker; phenotypic variation; SSR ID SEED-GERMINATION REGULATION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; ECOLOGICAL GENETICS; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; DIVERSITY; POPULATION; AFLPS; SSRS; POLYMORPHISM; SIMILARITY AB Single sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) molecular marker genotypes in cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) were compared to published data on phenotypic variation in seed dormancy, vernalization requirement, and resistance to the pathogen Ustilago bullata. Several features of cheatgrass facilitated this study: it is a recent invader in the western United States, has considerable phenotypic polymorphism, and is an obligate self-pollinator. Forty self-pollinating lines from four populations common to the three phenotypic data sets were analyzed for molecular genetic variation using seven SSR loci and 31 AFLP loci. We examined correlations between distance matrices using the Mantel test for each pair of studies. The two molecular data sets were significantly correlated (r = 0.636). The AFLP markers often distinguished among several lines with identical SSR genotypes. The AFLP data were also significantly correlated with the phenotypic data (r values from 0.4640 to 0.5658), but the SSR data were much more highly correlated (r values from 0.677 to 0.844). The difference between molecular marker systems was especially notable when an outlier population from Potosi Pass, Nevada, was excluded from the analysis. These results suggest that SSR markers may be good surrogates for phenotypic traits in population genetic studies of strongly inbreeding species such as cheatgrass. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Anim Sci Dept, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. EM smeyer@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 23 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 91 IS 6 BP 797 EP 803 DI 10.3732/ajb.91.6.797 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 832QR UT WOS:000222282500003 PM 21653434 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, DJ Hanson, RW Frieders, EM Swann, EC Szabo, LJ AF McLaughlin, DJ Hanson, RW Frieders, EM Swann, EC Szabo, LJ TI Mitosis in the yeast phase of the Basidiomycetes Bensingtonia yuccicola and Stilbum vulgare and its phylogenetic implications SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Agaricostilbum pulcherrimum; cytoskeleton; evolution; immunofluorescence; microtubules; nuclear small subunit rDNA; Urediniomycetes ID SOMATIC NUCLEAR DIVISION; HETEROBASIDIOMYCETOUS YEASTS; USTILAGO-VIOLACEA; SEQUENCE; GENUS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; SACCHAROMYCES; KRIEGERIA; EVOLUTION; SPORIDIA AB Phylogenetic studies of yeasts rely on an extensive molecular and biochemical data set, but structural characters are scarce. Details of mitosis in yeasts have been studied with transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Of these two methods immunofluorescence is faster and easier and yields sufficient detail for cytological comparisons. Only three basidiomycetous yeasts have been studied thus far with immunofluorescence. Mitosis in budding cells of ascomycetous yeasts occurs in the parent, while in basidiomycetous yeasts, except in Agaricostilbum pulcherrimum, it occurs in the bud. Mitosis in additional yeasts in the Agaricostil-bomycetidae of the Urediniomycetes was observed using immunofluorescence localization of freeze-substituted material. In Stilbum vulgare, mitosis occurred in the parent, but in Bensingtonia yuccicola it occurred in the bud as in most other basidiomycetous yeasts. Stilbum vulgare also had predominantly binucleate yeast cells. Nuclear small subunit rDNA sequence data showed that A. pulcherrimum and S. vulgare are more closely related to each other than to B. yuccicola within the Agaricostilbomycetidae. Based on the few taxa examined, mitotic and cytoskeletal characters provide phylogenetic information. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McLaughlin, DJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM davem@umn.edu NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 91 IS 6 BP 808 EP 815 DI 10.3732/ajb.91.6.808 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 832QR UT WOS:000222282500005 PM 21653436 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Judd, JT Clevidence, BA Tracy, RP AF Baer, DJ Judd, JT Clevidence, BA Tracy, RP TI Dietary fatty acids affect plasma markers of inflammation in healthy men fed controlled diets: a randomized crossover study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE inflammation; trans fatty acids; dietary fat; interleukins; cell adhesion molecules ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ADHESION MOLECULES; EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; WEIGHT-LOSS; RISK AB Background: The effect of individual dietary fatty acids on emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease that are associated with subclinical inflammation is unknown. Objective: The goal was to evaluate the role of dietary fat and specific fatty acids, especially trans fatty acids, in altering concentrations of markers of inflammation in humans fed controlled diets. Design: In a randomized crossover design, 50 men consumed controlled diets for 5 wk that provided 15% of energy from protein, 39% of energy from fat, and 46% of energy from carbohydrate. Eight percent of fat or fatty acids was replaced across diets with the following: cholesterol, oleic acid, trans fatty acids (TFAs), stearic acid (STE), TFA+STE (4% of energy each), and 12:0-16:0 saturated fatty acids (LMP). Results: Fibrinogen concentrations were higher after consumption of the diet enriched in stearic acid than after consumption of the carbohydrate diet. C-reactive protein concentrations were higher after consumption of the TFA diet than after consumption of the carbohydrate diet, but were not significantly different after consumption of the TFA and TFA+STE diets than after consumption of the LMP diet. Interleukin 6 concentrations were lower after consumption of the oleic acid diet than after consumption of the LMP, TFA, and STE diets. E-selectin concentrations were higher after consumption of the TFA diet than after consumption of the carbohydrate diet. Consumption of the TFA but not the TFA+STE diet resulted in higher E-selectin concentrations than did the LMP diet. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that dietary fatty acids can modulate markers of inflammation. Although stearic acid minimally affects LDL cholesterol, it does appear to increase fibrinogen concentrations. C1 ARS, USDA, BARC E, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Baer, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BARC E, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 308,Room 218, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM baer@bhnrc.arsusda.gov NR 29 TC 238 Z9 249 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 79 IS 6 BP 969 EP 973 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 822QA UT WOS:000221553500006 PM 15159225 ER PT J AU Kennedy, DD Tucker, KL Ladas, ED Rheingold, SR Blumberg, J Kelly, KM AF Kennedy, DD Tucker, KL Ladas, ED Rheingold, SR Blumberg, J Kelly, KM TI Low antioxidant vitamin intakes are associated with increases in adverse effects of chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE acute lymphoblastic leukemia; antioxidants; chemotherapy toxicity; nutrition; diet; children ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROGNOSTIC FACTOR; CANCER; MICRONUTRIENTS; MALNUTRITION; CHOLESTEROL; INFECTION; PLASMA AB Background: Chemotherapy leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species, which stresses the antioxidant defense system. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia rarely are overtly malnourished, which makes this population ideal for an investigation of the relations between dietary antioxidant consumption, plasma antioxidant concentrations, and chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of therapy on antioxidant intakes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the relation between dietary antioxidant intakes and plasma antioxidant concentrations, and the relation between the incidence of side effects due to treatment and antioxidant intake. Design: We conducted a 6-mo observational study of 103 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Plasma micronutrient concentrations, dietary intakes, and incidence of side effects of chemotherapy were ascertained at diagnosis and after 3 and 6 mo of therapy. Results: Throughout the 6-mo study period, subjects ingested vitamin E, total carotenoid, beta-carotene, and vitamin A in amounts that were 66%, 30%, 59%, and 29%, respectively, of the US recommended dietary allowance or of the amounts specified in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Greater vitamin C intakes at 6 mo were associated with fewer therapy delays, less toxicity, and fewer days spent in the hospital. Greater vitamin E intakes at 3 mo were associated with a lower incidence of infection. Greater beta-carotene intakes at 6 mo were associated with a decreased risk of toxicity. Conclusion: A large percentage of children undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia have inadequate intakes of antioxidants and vitamin A. Lower intakes of antioxidants are associated with increases in the adverse side effects of chemotherapy. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Oncol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kelly, KM (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Oncol, 161 Ft Washington Ave,Irving Pavil 7, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM kk291@columbia.edu OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 31 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1029 EP 1036 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 822QA UT WOS:000221553500014 PM 15159233 ER PT J AU Turnlund, JR Jacob, RA Keen, CL Strain, JJ Kelley, DS Domek, JM Keyes, WR Ensunsa, JL Lykkesfeldt, J Coulter, J AF Turnlund, JR Jacob, RA Keen, CL Strain, JJ Kelley, DS Domek, JM Keyes, WR Ensunsa, JL Lykkesfeldt, J Coulter, J TI Long-term high copper intake: effects on indexes of copper status, antioxidant status, and immune function in young men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE copper; copper status; plasma copper; urinary copper; ceruloplasmin; superoxide dismutase; hair copper; dietary copper; oxidative damage; immune function ID STABLE-ISOTOPE CU-65; DIETARY COPPER; ASCORBIC-ACID; DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ADULT MALES; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEFICIENCY; HUMANS; CERULOPLASMIN AB Background: Short-term high copper intake does not appear to affect indexes of copper status or functions related to copper status, but the effects of long-term high copper intake are unknown. Objective: A study was conducted in men to determine the effect of long-term high copper intake on indexes of copper status, oxidant damage, and immune function. Design: Nine men were confined to a metabolic research unit (MRU) for 18 d and were fed a 3-d rotating menu providing an average of 1.6 ing Cu/d. The men continued the study under free-living conditions for 129 d and supplemented their usual diets with 7 mg Cu/d. The men then returned to the MRU for 18 d of the same diet as during the first period, except that copper intake was 7.8 mg/d. Plasma copper, ceruloplasmin activity, ceruloplasmin protein, plasma malondialdehyde, benzylamine oxidase activity, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, hair copper, urinary copper, and urinary thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were measured during each MRU period. Results: Ceruloplasmin activity, benzylamine oxidase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly higher at the end of the second MRU period than at the end of the first. Urinary copper excretion, hair copper concentrations, and urinary thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly higher during the second MRU period than during the first. Polymorphonuclear cell count, the percentage of white blood cells, lymphocyte count, and interleukin 2R were affected by copper supplementation. Antibody titer for the Beijing strain of influenza virus was significantly lower in supplemented subjects after immunization than in unsupplemented control subjects. Conclusions: Under highly controlled conditions, long-term high copper intake results in increases in some indexes of copper status, alters an index of oxidant stress, and affects several indexes of immune function. The physiologic implications of these changes are unknown. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Ulster, No Ireland Ctr Food & Hlth, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Pathobiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Turnlund, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jturnlun@whnrc.usda.gov RI Lykkesfeldt, Jens/A-1072-2011 OI Lykkesfeldt, Jens/0000-0002-6514-8407 NR 42 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1037 EP 1044 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 822QA UT WOS:000221553500015 PM 15159234 ER PT J AU Hambidge, KM Huffer, JW Raboy, V Grunwald, GK Westcott, JL Sian, L Miller, LV Dorsch, JA Krebs, NF AF Hambidge, KM Huffer, JW Raboy, V Grunwald, GK Westcott, JL Sian, L Miller, LV Dorsch, JA Krebs, NF TI Zinc absorption from low-phytate hybrids of maize and their wild-type isohybrids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE maize; low-phytate maize hybrids; tortillas; zinc absorption; phytate : zinc molar ratio ID PHYTIC ACID MAIZE; STABLE-ISOTOPE; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VEGETARIAN DIETS; IRON-ABSORPTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; AVAILABILITY; METABOLISM; PHOSPHORUS AB Background: Identification of allelic variants in a single gene that determine the phytate content of maize kernels and the subsequent breeding of low-phytate maize have facilitated studies designed to determine quantitatively the effects of maize phytate on the bioavailability of minerals in maize. Objective: The objective was to determine the relation between the fractional absorption of zinc (FAZ) and the phytate content and phytate:zinc molar ratios of maize tortillas prepared from hybrids with different phytate contents. Design: Six healthy adults were fed, as the only food for 2 d, maize tortillas prepared from I of 2 low-phytate mutants: lpal-l (lpal-l-LP) or Nutridense Low Phytate (ND-LP), which have phytate reductions of approximate to60% and approximate to80%, respectively, compared with their respective wild-type isohybrids. Four additional subjects were fed tortillas prepared from the corresponding wild-type isohybrids (lpal-l-WT and ND-WT) according to the same study design. Meals were extrinsically labeled with zinc stable isotopes, and FAZ was determined with a dual-isotope-tracer ratio technique. Overall FAZ values were examined in relation to dietary phytate and phytate:zinc molar ratios by using a mixed nonlinear regression model. Results: The mean (+/-SD) FAZ values from tortillas prepared from ND-LP, lpal-l-LP, lpal-l-WT, and ND-WT were 0.38 +/- 0.07,0.28 +/- 0.04,0.15 +/- 0.07, and 0.13 +/- 0.05, respectively. A negative relation (P < 0.001) was found between FAZ and both dietary phytate and the phytate:zinc molar ratio. The effect of dietary zinc (8-14 mg Zn/d) under these experimental conditions was not significant. Conclusions: FAZ from maize tortillas is positively related to the extent of phytate reduction achieved with low-phytate hybrids. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sect Nutr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID USA. RP Hambidge, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sect Nutr, 4200 E 9th Ave,Box C225, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM michael.hambidge@uchsc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [1 U01 HD40657]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5P30 DK48520] NR 33 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1053 EP 1059 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 822QA UT WOS:000221553500017 PM 15159236 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Wong, WW Treuth, MS Ellis, KJ Smith, EO AF Butte, NF Wong, WW Treuth, MS Ellis, KJ Smith, EO TI Energy requirements during pregnancy based on total energy expenditure and energy deposition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; energy requirements; total energy expenditure; basal metabolic rate; activity; body composition ID HEALTHY SWEDISH WOMEN; LABELED WATER METHOD; TOTAL-BODY WATER; FAT-FREE MASS; WEIGHT-GAIN; LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT; 4-COMPONENT MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DEUTERIUM; CALORIMETRY AB Background: Energy requirements during pregnancy remain controversial because of uncertainties regarding maternal fat deposition and reductions in physical activity. Objective: This study was designed to estimate the energy requirements of healthy underweight, normal-weight, and overweight pregnant women and to explore energetic adaptations to pregnancy. Design: The energy requirements of 63 women [17 with a low body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)), 34 with a normal BMI, and 12 with a high BMI] were estimated at 0, 9, 22, and 36 wk of pregnancy and at 27 wk postpartum. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured by calorimetry, total energy expenditure (TEE) by doubly labeled water, and activity energy expenditure (AEE) as TEE-BMR. Energy deposition was calculated from changes in body protein and fat. Energy requirements equaled the sum of TEE and energy deposition. Results: BMR increased gradually throughout pregnancy at a mean (+/-SD) rate of 10.7 +/- 5.4 kcal/gestational week, whereas TEE increased by 5.2 +/- 12.8 kcal/gestational week, which indicated a slight decrease in AEE. Energy costs of pregnancy depended on BMI group. Although total protein deposition did not differ significantly by BMI group (mean for the 3 groups: 611 g protein), FM deposition did (5.3, 4.6, and 8.4 kg FM in the low-, normal-, and high-BMI groups; P = 0.02). Thus, energy costs differed significantly by BMI group (P = 0.02). In the normal-BMI group, energy requirements increased negligibly in the first trimester, by 350 kcal/d in the second trimester, and by 500 kcal/d in the third trimester. Conclusion: Extra energy intake is required by healthy pregnant women to support adequate gestational weight gain and increases in BMR, which are not totally offset by reductions in AEE. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu NR 44 TC 101 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1078 EP 1087 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 822QA UT WOS:000221553500020 PM 15159239 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Jacques, PF Hankinson, SE Chylack, LT Willett, WC Taylor, A AF Morris, MS Jacques, PF Hankinson, SE Chylack, LT Willett, WC Taylor, A TI Antioxdant micronutrient intake and age-related maculopathy. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S1 EP S1 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800005 ER PT J AU O'Connor, PMJ Kimball, SR Suryawan, A Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA AF O'Connor, PMJ Kimball, SR Suryawan, A Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA TI Regulation of neonatal liver protein synthesis by insulin and amino acids in pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE neonate; growth; translation initiation; nutrition; eukaryotic initiation factor-4E ID MESSENGER-RNA TRANSLATION; INITIATION-FACTOR EIF-2B; PERFUSED-RAT-LIVER; P70 S6 KINASE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SIGNALING PATHWAY; L6 MYOBLASTS; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; FOOD-INTAKE; IN-VIVO AB The high efficiency of protein deposition during the neonatal period is driven by high rates of protein synthesis, which are maximally stimulated after feeding. Infusion of amino acids, but not insulin, reproduces the feeding-induced stimulation of liver protein synthesis. To determine whether amino acid-stimulated liver protein synthesis is independent of insulin in neonates, and to examine the role of amino acids and insulin in the regulation of translation initiation in neonatal liver, we performed pancreatic glucose-amino acid clamps in overnight-fasted 7-day-old pigs. Pigs (n = 9-12/group) were infused with insulin at 0, 10, 22, and 110 ng.kg(-0.66).min(-1) to achieve 0, 2, 6, and 30 muU/ml insulin, respectively. At each insulin dose, amino acids were maintained at fasting or fed levels or, in conjunction with the highest insulin dose, allowed to fall to below fasting levels. Insulin had no effect on the fractional rate of protein synthesis in liver. Amino acids increased fractional protein synthesis rates in liver at each dose of insulin, including the 0 muU/ml dose. There was a dose-response effect of amino acids on liver protein synthesis. Amino acids and insulin increased protein S6 kinase and 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) phosphorylation; however, only amino acids decreased formation of the inactive 4E-BPI.eukaryotic initiation factor-4E (eIF4E) complex. The results suggest that amino acids regulate liver protein synthesis in the neonate by modulating the availability of eIF4E for 48S ribosomal complex formation and that this response does not require insulin. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Suite 9064, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-44474, R01 AR044474]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD-07445]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-15658] NR 57 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 EI 1522-1555 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 286 IS 6 BP E994 EP E1003 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00391.2003 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 823ZU UT WOS:000221653900019 PM 14761876 ER PT J AU Miao, C Woolums, AR Zarlenga, DS Brown, CC Brown, JC Williams, SM Scott, MA AF Miao, C Woolums, AR Zarlenga, DS Brown, CC Brown, JC Williams, SM Scott, MA TI Effects of a single intranasal dose of modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine on cytokine messenger RNA expression following viral challenge in calves SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 83rd Annual Conference for Research Workers in Animal Diseases CY NOV, 2002 CL St Louis, MO ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CALVES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IN-VIVO; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; INACTIVATED BRSV; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BALB/C MICE; CATTLE; DISEASE AB Objective-To characterize cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in intranasally vaccinated calves after bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) challenge. Animals-Twelve 8- to 12-week-old calves. Procedures- CaIves received modified-live BRSV vaccine (vaccinated) or spent tissue culture medium (mock-vaccinated) intranasally, followed by challenge 30 days later with BRSV, or mock challenge with spent tissue culture medium (mock-challenge controls). Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-,gamma) mRNA was measured in lungs, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cells, pharyngeal tonsils, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA was measured in lungs and BAL fluid cells by reverse transcriptase-competitive polymerase chain reaction assay. Results-Resistance to clinical signs of disease was conferred in vaccinated calves. Expression of TNF-alpha, mRNA in lungs and BAL fluid cells was higher in mock-vaccinated calves than control or vaccinated calves. In the lung, IL-4 mRNA expression was higher in vaccinated calves than control or mock-vaccinated calves. In pharyngeal tonsils, expression of mRNA for IL-4 and IFN-gamma was higher in mock-vaccinated calves than control calves. In tracheobronchial lymph nodes, IFN-gamma rnRNA expression was higher in mock-vaccinated calves than vaccinated calves. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Although vaccinated calves had decreased clinical signs of disease after BRSV challenge, compared with mock-vaccinated calves, this difference was not related to a T helper type 1 bias, as determined by increased expression of interferon-gamma mRNA relative to interleukin-4 mRNA in lungs, BAL fluid cells, or tracheobronchial lymph nodes of vaccinated calves. Pulmonary inflammation was decreased in vaccinated calves as determined by decreased expression of TNF-alpha mRNA. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Woolums, AR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 65 IS 6 BP 725 EP 733 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.725 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 823OL UT WOS:000221622500003 PM 15198210 ER PT J AU Chirase, NK Greene, W Purdy, CW Loan, RW Auvermann, BW Parker, DB Walborg, EF Stevenson, DE Xu, Y Klaunig, JE AF Chirase, NK Greene, W Purdy, CW Loan, RW Auvermann, BW Parker, DB Walborg, EF Stevenson, DE Xu, Y Klaunig, JE TI Effect of transport stress on respiratory disease, serum antioxidant status, and serum concentrations of lipid peroxidation biomarkers in beef cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TILMICOSIN PHOSPHATE; ARRIVAL MEDICATION; PERFORMANCE; HEALTH; COWS AB Objective-To determine the effect of transportation stress on serum concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers of calves. Animals-105 crossbred beef steer calves (mean SDI body weight, 207 +/- 21.2 kg). Procedure-Calves were assembled at 1 location in Tennessee, and pretransit (day -3) blood samples were collected. Calves were allotted randomly by body weight into 2 groups. Calves were transported 1,930 miles to a feedlot in Texas, and 1 group received tilmicosin phosphate (33 mug/kg, SC) upon arrival. Calves were weighed and blood samples collected on the day of arrival (day 1) and on days 15, 22, and 28. Calves were scored daily for signs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Serum total antioxicant capacity (TACA) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined. Results-Transportation stress significantly decreased mean serum TACA concentrations (from 147 +/- 31.2 U/mL to 133 +/- 20.1 U/mL) and significantly increased serum MDA concentrations (from 10.9 +/- 18.3 mug/mL to 30.2 +/- 50.5 mug/mL). Calves that died had a 43% increase in serum MDA concentration on day 1, compared with calves that lived (42.2 +/- 670 mug/mL vs 29.4 +/- 49.4 mug/mL, respectively). Calves that had > 3 episodes of BRD had 2-fold higher serum MDA concentrations on day 1 than healthy calves. Tilmicosintreated calves had a 20.8% significantly greater average daily gain and significantly greater serum TACA concentration than nontreated calves on day 28. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Transportation stress increases serum concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers that are related to episodes of BRD and mortality in calves. C1 W A&M Univ, Coll Agr & Nursing, Div Agr, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Toxicol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Chirase, NK (reprint author), W A&M Univ, Coll Agr & Nursing, Div Agr, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. NR 20 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 65 IS 6 BP 860 EP 864 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.860 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 823OL UT WOS:000221622500024 PM 15198229 ER PT J AU Cotta, MA Whitehead, TR Collins, MD Lawson, PA AF Cotta, MA Whitehead, TR Collins, MD Lawson, PA TI Atopostipes suicloacale gen. nov., sp nov., isolated from an underground swine manure storage pit SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE Atopostipes suicloacale sp nov.; taxonomy; 16S rRNA; swine; manure ID BACTERIUM AB Phenotypic and molecular genetic studies were performed on an unknown facultative anaerobic, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a pig manure storage pit. The unknown bacterium was nutritionally fastidious with growth enhanced by the addition of rumen fluid and was phenotypically initially identified as an Eubacterium species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies, however, revealed that the unknown bacterium was phylogenetically distant from Eubacterium limosum (the type species of the genus Eubacterium) and related organisms. Phylogenetically, the unknown species displayed a close association with an uncultured organism from human subgingival plaque and formed an unknown sub-line within a cluster of organisms which includes Alloioccoccus otitis, Alkalibacterium olivoapovliticus, Allofustis seminis, Dolosigranulum pigrum, and related organisms, within the low mol% G + C Gram-positive bacteria. Sequence divergence values of > 8% with all known taxonomically recognised taxa, however, clearly indicates the novel bacterium represents a hitherto unknown genus. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic considerations, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium from pig manure be classified in a new genus and species, as Atopostipes suicloacale gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Atopostipes suicloacale is PPC79(T) = NRRL 23919(T) = DSM 15692(T). Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. RP Whitehead, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM whitehtr@ncaur.usda.gov RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; Lawson, Paul/E-3760-2012; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.04.001 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 837HP UT WOS:000222619900007 PM 16701518 ER PT J AU da Mota, AF Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP Shade, LL Matukumalli, LK Wood, DL Capuco, AV Brito, MAP Connor, EE Martinez, ML Coutinho, LL AF da Mota, AF Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP Shade, LL Matukumalli, LK Wood, DL Capuco, AV Brito, MAP Connor, EE Martinez, ML Coutinho, LL TI Characterization of open reading frame-expressed sequence tags generated from Bos indicus and B-taurus mammary gland cDNA libraries SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bovine transcriptome; expressed sequence tags; mammary gland ID HUMAN TRANSCRIPTOME; GENE INDEX AB Sequence-based gene expression data are used to interpret results from functional genomic and proteomics studies. Although more than 300 000 bovine-expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are available in public databases, a more thorough and directed sampling of the expressed genome is needed to identify new transcripts and improve assembly and annotation of existing transcript sequences. Accordingly, we examined the utility of constructing cDNA libraries synthesized by arbitrarily primed RT-PCR of mRNA from tissues not well represented in the publicly available bovine EST database. A total of 33 cDNA libraries were constructed from healthy and infected mammary gland tissues of Brazilian Gir and Holstein cattle. This series of libraries was used to generate 6481 open reading frame-expressed sequence tags (ORESTES) that assembled into 1798 unique sequence elements of which, 1157 did not significantly match sequence assemblies available in the Bos taurus gene index. However, a total of 264 of these 1157 sequence elements aligned with mouse and human expressed sequences demonstrating that ORESTES is an effective resource for discovery of novel expressed sequences in cattle. Furthermore, comparison of the alignment position of bovine ORESTES-derived sequence elements to human gene reference sequences suggested that the priming events for cDNA synthesis more often occurred at the central portion of a transcript, which may have contributed to the relatively high rate of novel sequence discovery. C1 ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Inst BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EMBRAPA, Gado Leite, Natl Dairy Cattle Res Ctr, Bairro Dom Bosco, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Dept Zootecnia, Lab Anim Biotechnol, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. George Mason Univ, SCS, Manassas, VA USA. RP Sonstegard, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Inst BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tads@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Coutinho, Luiz/C-8455-2012; OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01139.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 821UL UT WOS:000221488300008 PM 15147393 ER PT J AU Clawson, ML Heaton, MP Fox, JM Chitko-McKown, CG Smith, TPL Laegreid, WW AF Clawson, ML Heaton, MP Fox, JM Chitko-McKown, CG Smith, TPL Laegreid, WW TI Male-specific SRY and ZFY haplotypes in US beef cattle SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID Y-CHROMOSOME; MAP C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Clawson, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM clawson@email.marc.usda.gov OI Clawson, Michael/0000-0002-3355-5390 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 246 EP 249 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01122.x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 821UL UT WOS:000221488300017 PM 15147402 ER PT J AU Meyer, SE Nelson, DL Carlson, SL AF Meyer, SE Nelson, DL Carlson, SL TI Ecological genetics of vernalization response in Bromus tectorum L. (Poaceae) SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; cheatgrass; chilling; downy brome; ecological genetics; flowering phenology; reproductive output; vernalization; winter annual ID SEED-GERMINATION REGULATION; JOINTED GOATGRASS; WHEAT; TEMPERATURE; BROMEGRASSES; POPULATIONS; PHOTOPERIOD; MATURATION; DORMANCY; BIOLOGY AB Background and Aims Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass or downy brome) is an exotic annual grass that is dominant over large areas of former shrubland in western North America : To flower in time for seed production in early summer, B. tectorum plants generally require vernalization at winter temperatures, either as imbibed seeds or as established seedlings. Methods Variation in response to increasing periods of vernalization as seeds or seedlings for progeny of ten full-sib families from each of four B. tectorum populations from contrasting habitats was studied. Key Results As vernalization was increased from 0 to 10 weeks, the proportion of plants flowering within 20 weeks increased, weeks to initiation of flowering decreased, and seed yield per plant increased, regardless of whether plants were vernalized as seeds or seedlings. Most of the variation was accounted for by differences among populations. Plants of the warm desert population flowered promptly even without vernalization, while those of the cold desert, foothill and montane populations showed incremental changes in response variables as a function of vernalization period. Populations differed in among-family variance, with the warm desert population generally showing the least variance and the cold desert population the most. Variation among populations and among families within populations decreased as vernalization period increased, whereas the non-genetic component of variance showed no such pattern. Conclusions Variation in vernalization response was found to be adaptively significant and apparently represents the result of contrasting selection regimes on a range of founder genotypes. (C) 2004 Annals of Botany Company. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT USA. EM smeyer@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 BP 653 EP 663 DI 10.1093/aob/mch088 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 827AY UT WOS:000221871800003 PM 15087300 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, JA TI A comparison of the effects of carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on respiration, translocation and nitrate reduction in darkened soybean leaves SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; temperature; respiration; translocation; nitrate reduction; Glycine max ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION; AFFECT LEAF RESPIRATION; ELEVATED CO2; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH; NIGHT; RESPONSES; AMBIENT; STRESS AB Background and aims Respiration of autotrophs is an important component of their carbon balance as well as the global carbon dioxide budget. How autotrophic, respiration may respond to increasing carbon dioxide concentrations, [CO2], in the atmosphere remains uncertain. The existence of short-term responses of respiration rates of plant leaves to [CO2] is controversial. Short-term responses of respiration to temperature are not disputed. This work compared responses of dark respiration and two processes dependent on the energy and reductant supplied by dark respiration, translocation and nitrate reduction, to changes in [CO2] and temperature. Methods Mature soybean leaves were exposed for a single 8-h dark period to one of five combinations of air temperature and [CO2], and rates of respiration, translocation and nitrate reduction were determined for each treatment. Key results Low temperature and elevated [CO2] reduced rates of respiration, translocation and nitrate reduction. while increased temperature and low [CO2] increased rates of all three processes. A given change in the rate of respiration was accompanied by the same change in the rate of translocation or nitrate reduction, regardless of whether the altered respiration was caused by a change in temperature or by a change in [CO2]. Conclusions These results make it highly unlikely that the observed responses of respiration rate to [CO2] were artefacts due to errors in the measurement of carbon dioxide exchange rates in this case, and indicate that elevated [CO2] at night can affect translocation and nitrate reduction through its effect on respiration. (C) 2004 Annals of Botany Company. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, ACSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, ACSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM buncej@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 BP 665 EP 669 DI 10.1093/aob/mch090 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 827AY UT WOS:000221871800004 PM 15051622 ER PT J AU Schweigkofler, W O'Donnell, K Garbelotto, M AF Schweigkofler, W O'Donnell, K Garbelotto, M TI Detection and quantification of airborne conidia of Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker, from two California sites by using a real-time PCR approach combined with a simple spore trapping method SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP-PINI; FUJIKUROI SPECIES COMPLEX; MONTEREY PINE; GIBBERELLA-CIRCINATA; SUBGLUTINANS; FUNGUS; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION; DIFFERENTIATION; SCOLYTIDAE AB Pinus radiata (Monterey pine), a tree native to coastal California and Mexico, is widely planted worldwide for timber production. A major threat to Monterey pine plantations is the fungal disease pine pitch canker, caused by Fusarium circinatum (Hypocreales). We present a novel trapping approach using filter paper in combination with a rapid molecular method to detect the presence of inoculum in the air. The assay is also useful for diagnosing the presence of the pathogen on plants. The test is based on the F. circinatum specific primer pair CIRC1A-CIRC4A, which amplifies a 360-bp DNA fragment in the intergenic spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal operon. Real-time PCR was used to calculate the number of fungal spores present in each reaction mixture by comparing the threshold cycle (Ct) of unknown spore samples to the Ct values of standards with known amounts of F. circinatum spores. The filter paper method allows prolonged and more sensitive spore sampling in the field compared to traditional traps using petri dishes filled with selective medium. A field test at two sites in coastal California infested with pine pitch canker was carried out during the summer and fall of 2002. Spore counts were in the range of ca. 1 x 10(3) to ca. 7 x 10(5)/m(2), with the highest spore counts in the fall, suggesting a seasonal fluctuation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Garbelotto, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM matteo@nature.berkeley.edu NR 27 TC 84 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 BP 3512 EP 3520 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.6.3512-3520.2004 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 828NX UT WOS:000221981100041 PM 15184151 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Yabe, K Yu, JJ AF Chang, PK Yabe, K Yu, JJ TI The Aspergillus parasiticus estA-encoded esterase converts versiconal hemiacetal acetate to versiconal and versiconol acetate to versiconol in aflatoxin biosynthesis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-CLUSTER; P-450 MONOOXYGENASE; VERSICOLORIN-A; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; NIDULANS; CLONING; PURIFICATION; CYCLASE; DEFINE AB In aflatoxin biosynthesis, the pathway for the conversion of 1-hydroxyversicolorone to versiconal hemiacetal acetate (VHA) to versiconal (VHOH) is part of a metabolic grid. In the grid, the steps from VHA to VHOH and from versiconol acetate (VOAc) to versiconol (VOH) may be catalyzed by the same esterase. Several esterase activities are associated with the conversion of VHA to VHOH, but only one esterase gene (est,4) is present in the complete aflatoxin gene cluster of Aspergillus parasiticus. We deleted the estA gene from A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, an O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST)-accumulating strain. The estA-deleted mutants were pigmented and accumulated mainly VHA and versicolorin A (VA). A small amount of VOAc and other downstream aflatoxin intermediates, including VHOH, versicolorin B, and OMST, also were accumulated. In contrast, a VA-accumulating mutant, NIAH-9, accumulated VA exclusively and neither VHA nor VOAc were produced. Addition of the esterase inhibitor dichlorvos (dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate) to the transformation recipient strain RHN1, an estA-deleted mutant, or NIAH-9 resulted in the accumulation of only VHA and VOAc. In in vitro enzyme assays, the levels of the esterase activities catalyzing the conversion of VHA to VHOH in the cell extracts of two estA-deleted mutants were decreased to approximately 10% of that seen with RHN1. Similar decreases in the esterase activities catalyzing the conversion of VOAc to VOH were also obtained. Thus, the estA-encoded esterase catalyzes the conversion of both VHA to VHOH and VOAc to VOH during aflatoxin biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 BP 3593 EP 3599 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.6.3593-3599.2004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 828NX UT WOS:000221981100052 PM 15184162 ER PT J AU Stanton, TB McDowall, JS Rasmussen, MA AF Stanton, TB McDowall, JS Rasmussen, MA TI Diverse tetracycline resistance genotypes of Megasphaera elsdenii strains selectively cultured from swine feces SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUMINAL BACTERIA; RUMEN BACTERIA; IN-VITRO; ACID; LACTATE; ENTEROCOCCI; FERMENTATION; PERSISTENCE; BACTEROIDES; MONENSIN AB A total of 30 Megasphaera elsdenii strains, selectively isolated from the feces of organically raised swine by using Me109 M medium, and one bovine strain were analyzed for tetracycline resistance genotypic and phenotypic traits. Tetracycline-resistant strains carried tet(O), tet(W), or a tet gene mosaic of tet(O) and tet(W). M. elsdenii strains carrying tet(OWO) genes exhibited the highest tetracycline MICs (128 to >256 mug/ml), suggesting that tet(O)-tet(W) mosaic genes provide the selective advantage of greater tetracycline resistance for this species. Seven tet genotypes are now known for M. elsdenii, an archetype commensal anaerobe and model for tet gene evolution in the mammalian intestinal tract. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Mol Genet, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, POB 70,2300 N Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tstanton@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 BP 3754 EP 3757 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.6.3754-3757.2004 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 828NX UT WOS:000221981100075 PM 15184185 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE AF Liu, YL Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE TI Two-dimensional Fourier transform Raman correlation spectroscopy determination of the glycosidic linkages in amylose and amylopectin SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy; two-dimensional correlation analysis; glycosidic linkages; amylose; carbohydrate. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Barton, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM wbarton@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 58 IS 6 BP 745 EP 749 DI 10.1366/000370204873006 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 827LZ UT WOS:000221902700017 PM 15198829 ER PT J AU Grimm, CC Lloyd, SW Zimba, PV AF Grimm, CC Lloyd, SW Zimba, PV TI Instrumental versus sensory detection of off-flavors in farm-raised channel catfish SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE catfish; 2-methylisoborneol; geosmin; solid phase microextraction; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; odor thresholds ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; DRINKING-WATER; GEOSMIN; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; ODOR; STRAINS; TISSUE; PONDS; TROUT AB Results from an instrumental method for determining the presence of the earthy, muddy or blue-green off-flavor in catfish were compared with those of four professional flavor checkers. Solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to detect the off-flavor compounds, 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin. The odor threshold for an average flavor checker was determined to lie between 0.1 and 0.2 mug/kg for 2-methylisoborneol and estimated at 0.25 to 0.5 mug/kg for geosmin. The odor threshold for geosmin in channel catfish appears to be only slightly greater than that of M1B. The lower end of the sensory limits served as the instrumental cutoffs for grading fish off-flavor. Comparison of the instrumental method versus the flavor checkers resulted in a high correlation (R=0.9). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Thad Cochran Warm Water Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Grimm, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 30 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN PY 2004 VL 236 IS 1-4 BP 309 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.02.020 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 828BC UT WOS:000221946500025 ER PT J AU Delaney, MA Klesius, PH AF Delaney, MA Klesius, PH TI Hypoxic conditions induce Hsp70 production in blood, brain and head kidney of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE heat shock protein; Hsp70; cortisol; glucose; Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus; hypoxia ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; SHOCK-PROTEINS; RAINBOW-TROUT; METABOLIC RESPONSES; STRESS-PROTEINS; CORTISOL-LEVELS; EXPRESSION; FISH; CELLS; ISCHEMIA AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hypoxia, elevated ammonia levels and crowding on the physiological and cellular stress responses of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). The experiment was designed to be representative of prevalent harvest practices often encountered with this species. The levels of innate and inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) were measured in blood (packed cells), brain, liver, muscle and head kidney tissues of tilapia exposed to hypoxic stress ( similar to 4.9-0.3 mg l(-1) dissolved oxygen), reduced water levels which tripled the fish/unit of water and an increase in ammonia levels from below detection limits on Day 1 to less than 0.5 mg l(-1) at the end of 48 h. A highly significant increase in Hsp70 (***P<0.0001) was detected in packed blood cells, brain, and muscle tissues in test fish compared to control treatments, but no differences were observed among treatments in liver (*P=0.93) and head kidney (*P=0.24) tissues. A highly significant increase (***P<0.0001) was detected in serum glucose levels due to hypoxia treatments, and a statistically significant difference was detected among serum cortisol levels (*P<0.05). The Hsp70 results reported here suggest that a physiological response as well as an inducible cellular stress response occurs in this species subjected to these stressful conditions, and that the cellular responses are tissue-specific and have not been observed in other teleosts species. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Delaney, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM delanma@vetmed.auburn.edu NR 51 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN PY 2004 VL 236 IS 1-4 BP 633 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.02.025 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 828BC UT WOS:000221946500048 ER PT J AU Peres, H Lim, C Klesius, PH AF Peres, H Lim, C Klesius, PH TI Growth, chemical composition and resistance to Streptococcus iniae challenge of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed graded levels of dietary inositol SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Nile tilapia; inositol; growth response; feed utilization; disease resistance ID INTESTINAL LIPODYSTROPHY; MYOINOSITOL DEFICIENCY; GERBIL INTESTINE; METABOLISM AB A study was undertaken to determine the influence of the dietary levels of inositol on growth performance, feed utilization, immune response and resistance of Nile tilapia to Streptococcus iniae challenge. Six isonitrogenous (38% crude protein), isocaloric (3300 kcal DE/kg) purified diets supplemented with graded levels of inositol (0.0, 50, 100, 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg diet) were fed to juvenile tilapia averaging 5.8 +/- 0.1 g (mean +/- S.E.M.) in triplicate aquaria twice daily to apparent satiation for 10 weeks. Supplementation of dietary inositol had no affect on final weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and survival. Also, no significant differences were observed in total cell, red and white blood cell counts, hematocrit and plasma hemoglobin content among treatments. Hepatosomatic index was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by dietary treatments. Fish fed the 800-mg inositol diet had significantly lower muscle lipid content than the groups fed diets containing 200 mg inositol/kg or lower, but these values did not differ from that of fish fed the 400-mg inositol diet. Liver lipid content significantly decreased when dietary inositol was increased to 100 mg/kg diet or higher. Plasma lysozyme activity and antibody titers to S. iniae were not affected by supplementation of dietary inositol. Cumulative mortality of fish 14-day post challenge with S. iniae was likewise not affected by the dietary inositol levels. The results of this study indicate that Nile tilapia juveniles did not require an exogenous source of inositol for normal growth, feed utilization and erythropoiesis. Supplementation of dietary inositol had no effect on improving the resistance of tilapia to S. iniae infection. However, supplementation of inositol to purified diets is required to prevent lipotropic effect of inositol deficiency. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, MSA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. CIIMAR, P-4150180 Oporto, Portugal. RP Lim, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, MSA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM limchh@mindspring.com RI Peres, Helena/A-1439-2009 OI Peres, Helena/0000-0002-2568-8361 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 235 IS 1-4 BP 423 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.09.021 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 822NS UT WOS:000221547500031 ER PT J AU Yildirim-Aksoy, M Lim, C Wan, P Klesius, PH AF Yildirim-Aksoy, M Lim, C Wan, P Klesius, PH TI Effect of natural free gossypol and gossypol-acetic acid on growth performance and resistance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cottonseed meal; disease resistance; gossypol; growth performance; immune response; liver gossypol content ID DIETARY COTTONSEED MEAL; RAINBOW-TROUT; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ENANTIOMERS; BINDING; SERUM; IRON; INHIBITION; LYSOZYME; PUCTATUS AB A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of free gossypol from glanded-cottonseed meal (G-CSM) (natural free gossypol) or gossypol-acetic acid on growth performance, body composition, haematology, immune response and resistance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Soya bean meal-based diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg(-1) free gossypol from G-CSM or gossypol-acetic acid were fed to juvenile channel catfish in triplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily for 12 weeks. Neither sources nor levels of dietary gossypol significantly influenced the final weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and survival of channel catfish. Similarly, whole-body proximate composition, haematological parameters (red blood cell, white blood cell counts, haemoglobin and haematocrit), serum protein concentration, macrophage chemotaxis ratio, phagocytic activity and antibody production against E. ictaluri 21-day postinfection were not significantly affected at either dietary sources or levels of gossypol. Gossypol concentrations of liver were linearly related to dietary level of gossypol but the retention rate varied dependent on sources of the dietary gossypol. At dietary gossypol levels of 400 or 800 mg kg(-1), total gossypol concentrations in liver of fish fed dietary gossypol from G-CSM were significantly higher than those of fish fed the corresponding levels of gossypol from gossypol-acetic acid. The (+)-isomer of gossypol was predominantly retained in liver regardless of dietary sources of gossypol. The ratio of (+) to (-) gossypol isomers in liver decreased with increasing dietary concentrations of gossypol. Serum lysozyme activity of fish fed dietary gossypol levels of 200 mg kg(-1) or higher, either from G-CSM or gossypol-acetic acid, was significantly higher than that of the control. At a level of 800 mg kg(-1) diet, gossypol from G-CSM stimulated significantly higher lysozyme activity than gossypol from gossypol-acetic acid. Fish fed diets containing 400 mg kg(-1) gossypol or higher from G-CSM or 800 mg kg(-1) gossypol from gossypol-acetic acid had significantly increased superoxide anion (O-2(-)) production. However, neither the sources nor the levels of dietary free gossypol influenced the resistance of juvenile channel catfish to E. ictaluri challenge. C1 ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, MSA, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, MSA, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM limchh@mindspring.com NR 58 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00281.x PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 821UN UT WOS:000221488500002 ER PT J AU Nemchinov, LG Hammond, J Jordan, R Hammond, RW AF Nemchinov, LG Hammond, J Jordan, R Hammond, RW TI The complete nucleotide sequence, genome organization, and specific detection of Beet mosaic virus - Brief report SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTYVIRUS; MUTATIONS; HELICASE; PROTEIN; VIRIONS; REGION AB Beet mosaic virus (BtMV) was identified almost five decades ago but has not been fully characterized at the molecular level. In this study, we have determined for the first time the complete nucleotide sequence of BtMV genomic RNA and have developed a specific molecular means for its diagnosis. The viral genome of BtMV comprises 9591 nucleotides, excluding the 3' terminal poly (A) sequence, and contains a single open reading frame (ORF) that begins at nt 166 and terminates at nt 9423, encoding a single polyprotein of 3086 amino acid residues. A 3' untranslated region of 168 nucleotides follows the ORF. The deduced genome organization is typical for a member of the family Potyviridae and includes 10 proteins: P1, HC-Pro, P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, NIa-VPg, NIa-Pro, NIb and coat protein (CP). Nine putative protease cleavage sites were predicted computationally and by analogy with genome arrangements of other potyviruses. Conserved sequence motifs of homologous proteins of other potyviruses were found in corresponding positions of BtMV. BtMV is a distinct species of the genus Potyvirus with the most closely related species being Peanut mottle virus (similar to55% amino acid identity). Based on the nucleotide sequence obtained, we have developed a virus-specific RT-PCR assay for accurate diagnosis and differentiation of BtMV. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammond, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Room 119,Bldg 004,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hammondr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 149 IS 6 BP 1201 EP 1214 DI 10.1007/s00705-003-0278-3 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 824FZ UT WOS:000221673000012 PM 15168206 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC AF Bragg, DC TI General land office surveys as a source for Arkansas history: The example of Ashley County SO ARKANSAS HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARKANSAS HISTORICAL ASSOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA UNIV ARKANSAS, OLD MAIN 416 DEPT OF HISTORY, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0004-1823 J9 ARKANSAS HIST QUART JI Ark. Hist. Q. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 63 IS 2 BP 166 EP 184 DI 10.2307/40024079 PG 19 WC History SC History GA 837HC UT WOS:000222618300002 ER PT J AU Matthan, NR Welty, FK Barrett, PHR Harausz, C Dolnikowski, GG Parks, JS Eckel, RH Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Matthan, NR Welty, FK Barrett, PHR Harausz, C Dolnikowski, GG Parks, JS Eckel, RH Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH TI Dietary hydrogenated fat increases high-density lipoprotein apoA-I catabolism and decreases low-density lipoprotein apoB-100 catabolism in hypercholesterolemic women SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trans fatty acids; hydrogenated fat; apolipoprotein kinetics; stable isotopes; soybean oil; margarine; butter ID CHOLESTERYL ESTER TRANSFER; TRANSFER PROTEIN-ACTIVITY; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; PLASMA-LIPIDS; ELAIDIC ACID; DEUTERATED LEUCINE; OLEIC-ACID; TRANS; SERUM; IMPACT AB Objective - To determine mechanisms contributing to decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations associated with hydrogenated fat intake, kinetic studies of apoA-I, apoB-100, and apoB-48 were conducted using stable isotopes. Methods and Results - Eight postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women were provided in random order with 3 diets for 5-week periods. Two-thirds of the fat was soybean oil (unsaturated fat), stick margarine (hydrogenated fat), or butter (saturated fat). Total and LDL-C levels were highest after the saturated diet (P < 0.05; saturated versus unsaturated) whereas HDL-C levels were lowest after the hydrogenated diet (P < 0.05; hydrogenated versus saturated). Plasma apoA-I levels and pool size (PS) were lower, whereas apoA-I fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was higher after the hydrogenated relative to the saturated diet (P < 0.05). LDL apoB-100 levels and PS were significantly higher, whereas LDL apoB-100 FCR was lower with the saturated and hydrogenated relative to the unsaturated diet. There was no significant difference among diets in apoA-I or B-100 production rates or apoB-48 kinetic parameters. HDL-C concentrations were negatively associated with apoA-I FCR (r = -0.56, P = 0.03) and LDL-C concentrations were negatively correlated with LDL apoB-100 FCR (r= -0.48, P = 0.05). Conclusions - The mechanism for the adverse lipoprotein profile observed with hydrogenated fat intake is determined in part by increased apoA-I and decreased LDL apoB-100 catabolism. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Western Australia Inst Med Res, Perth, WA, Australia. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Comparat Med Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Matthan, NR (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nirupa.matthan@tufts.edu RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; OI Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 56895, HL 54727]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB-001975] NR 41 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1092 EP 1097 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000128410.23161.be PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 826BS UT WOS:000221804500018 PM 15087307 ER PT J AU Matthan, NR Lichtenstein, AH AF Matthan, NR Lichtenstein, AH TI Approaches to measuring cholesterol absorption in humans SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Review DE cholesterol absorption; stable isotope; radiolabeled isotope; plant sterols; mass spectrometry; gas chromotography ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SERUM PLANT STEROLS; DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; RATIO METHOD; PRIMARY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; POPULATION; PHYTOSTEROLS; SIMVASTATIN AB Under optimal conditions, plasma cholesterol homeostasis is maintained by a variety of mechanisms, balancing input and output, thereby preventing the net accumulation of cholesterol in circulation and tissues. Among these mechanisms, intestinal cholesterol absorption has recently re-emerged as a potentially important contributor to cholesterol homeostasis. However, its regulation has been difficult to study in humans because of technical limitations in methodologies. In this review the major methods available for measuring cholesterol absorption including those that utilize cholesterol balance, single dose isotopic feeding, dual isotope plasma ratio, continuous isotope feeding, intestinal perfusion, stable isotopes and serum plant sterols or cholestanol to cholesterol ratios are reviewed and contrasted. Emphasis is placed on the strengths, technical and interpretational limitations and their applicability for use in metabolic, small-scale outpatient, population and large-scale intervention studies. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutrit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Matthan, NR (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutrit Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nirupa.matthan@tufts.edu NR 63 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 174 IS 2 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(03)00248-X PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 824GK UT WOS:000221674200001 PM 15136049 ER PT J AU Coops, NC Smith, ML Jacobsen, KL Martin, M Ollinger, S AF Coops, NC Smith, ML Jacobsen, KL Martin, M Ollinger, S TI Estimation of plant and leaf area index using three techniques in a mature native eucalypt canopy SO AUSTRAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eucalypt canopy; foliage measurement; hemispherical photography; leaf area index; LICOR-2000; plant area index; point-quadrat ID FOLIAGE-HEIGHT PROFILES; BROAD-LEAVED FORESTS; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; RAPID ESTIMATION; PLANTATIONS; ARCHITECTURE; PREDICTION; ECOSYSTEMS; RADIATION AB Leaf area index (L) is a critical variable in monitoring and modelling forest condition and growth and is therefore important for foresters and environmental scientists to measure routinely and accurately. We compared three different methods for estimating L: a plant canopy analyser (PCA), a point-quadrat camera method and digital hemispherical photography at a native eucalypt forest canopy at Tumbarumba in southern New South Wales, Australia. All of these methods produced indirect estimates of L based on the close coupling between radiation penetration and canopy structure. The individual L estimates were compared, and the potential advantages and disadvantages of each method were discussed in relation to use in forest inventory and in field data collection programmes for remote sensing calibration and verification. The comparison indicated that all three methods, PCA, digital hemispherical photography and the modified point-quadrat camera method, produced similar estimates with a standard error between techniques of less than 0.2 L units. All methods, however, provided biased estimates of L and calibration is required to derive true stand L. A key benefit, however, of all of these estimation methods is that observations can be collected in a short period of time (1-2 h of field-work per plot). C1 CSIRO Forestry & Forest Prod, Clayton, Vic, Australia. CSIRO Forestry & Forest Prod, Kingston, ACT, Australia. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. RP Coops, NC (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resources Management, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM nicholas.coops@ubc.ca RI Coops, Nicholas/J-1543-2012; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014 OI Coops, Nicholas/0000-0002-0151-9037; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1442-9985 J9 AUSTRAL ECOL JI Austral Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2004.01370.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824EI UT WOS:000221667600011 ER PT J AU Malkinson, M Banet-Noach, C Davidson, I Fadly, AM Witter, RL AF Malkinson, M Banet-Noach, C Davidson, I Fadly, AM Witter, RL TI Comparison of serological and virological findings from subgroup J avian leukosis virus-infected neoplastic and non-neoplastic flocks in Israel SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BROILER BREEDER CHICKENS; SARCOMA-VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; ENV GENE; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; ENVELOPE; PROFILES AB Blood samples from nine broiler breeder flocks comprising five flocks clinically affected with myeloid leukosis tumours (ML +) and four tumour-free flocks from the same commercial background (ML -) were compared for avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) serum antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for antigenemia (group-specific antigen) by antigen-trapping ELISA and for viremia. Group-specific antigen was detected in the sera of 58.1% of ML+ birds and 46.4% of the ML- birds (P = not significant), while 45.5% of ML+ birds and 24.1% of the ML- birds had ALV-J antibodies (P = 0.065). In inoculated cell culture, 64.1% of the ML+ sera were viremic compared with 16.7% of the ML - sera (P = 0.001). Similar significant differences were found between the two groups of flocks when ALV-J viremia was detected by immunofluorescence using a monoclonal env antibody (P = 0.004), and for proviral DNA by polymerase chain reaction using two different sets of env-gene primers, H5-H7 (P = 0.001) and R5-F5 (P = 0.001). Using the primer pair R5-F5 the product size was approximately 1 kbp, while some heterogeneity in size among isolates was discernable. Our results indicate that a combination of diagnostic tests should be adopted in routine examination of tumour material in order to rule out false-negative findings. C1 Kimron Vet Inst, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. ARS, USDA, ADOL, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Malkinson, M (reprint author), Kimron Vet Inst, POB 12, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM martinm@moag.gov.il NR 22 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1080/0307945042000203380 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 841NM UT WOS:000222937200002 PM 15223554 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Senne, DA Linares, JA Woolcock, PR Stallknecht, DE Spackman, E Swayne, DE Suarez, DL AF Lee, CW Senne, DA Linares, JA Woolcock, PR Stallknecht, DE Spackman, E Swayne, DE Suarez, DL TI Characterization of recent H5 subtype avian influenza viruses from US poultry SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIVE BIRD MARKETS; UNITED-STATES; A VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ GLYCOSYLATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CLEAVAGE SITE; CHICKENS; PATHOGENICITY; NEURAMINIDASE; REPLICATION AB In the US, the isolation of H5 subtype avian influenza (AI) viruses has been uncommon in commercial chickens and turkeys, although sporadic isolations have been made from the live bird markets or its supply chain since 1986. In 2002, two different outbreaks of H5 AI occurred in commercial chicken or turkey operations. The first occurred in Texas and was identified as a H5N3 subtype AI virus. The second outbreak was caused by a H5N2 virus isolated from a turkey farm in California. In this study we analyzed recent H5 subtype AI viruses from different avian species and different sources in the US. Most recent H5 subtype isolates shared a high sequence identity and phylogenetically assorted into a separate clade from the Pennsylvania/83 lineage isolates. However, no established lineage was found within this clade and the recent H5 subtype isolates seemed to be the result of separate introductions from the wild bird reservoir. The Texas H5N3 isolate shared the lowest homology with the other recent isolates in the haemagglutinin gene and had a unique haemagglutinin cleavage site sequence of REKR/G (other recent isolates have the typical avirulent motif, RETR/G). Furthermore, this isolate had a 28 amino acid deletion in the stalk region of the neuraminidase protein, a common characteristic of chicken adapted influenza viruses, and may indicate that this virus had actually been circulating in poultry for an extended period of time before it was isolated. In agreement with genetic evidence, the Texas H5N3 isolate replicated Getter than other H5 isolates in experimentally infected chickens. The outbreak in Texas with a more chicken-adapted H5N3 virus underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance and control efforts regarding the H5 subtype AI virus in the US. C1 ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, Gonzales, TX 78629 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, Fresno Branch, Fresno, CA 93725 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Med Microbiol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 288 EP 297 DI 10.1080/0307945042000203407 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 841NM UT WOS:000222937200003 PM 15223555 ER PT J AU Roychaudhuri, R Sarath, G Zeece, M Markwell, J AF Roychaudhuri, R Sarath, G Zeece, M Markwell, J TI Stability of the allergenic soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE acid denaturation; CD spectra; food allergen; simulated gastric fluid; thermal renaturation ID DISULFIDE BONDS; ERYTHRINA-CAFFRA; PORCINE TRYPSIN; PROTEINS; DENATURATION; IDENTIFICATION; THIOREDOXIN; REDUCTION; COMPLEX; BINDING AB The soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI) is a 21.5 kDa allergenic protein that belongs to the family of all antiparallel beta-sheet proteins that are highly resistant to thermal and chemical denaturation. Spectroscopic and biochemical techniques such as circular dichroism (CD), ANS fluorescence and proteolysis were used to study its molecular structure under denaturing conditions such as acid and heat to which these allergens are commonly exposed during food processing. Reduction of native SKTI leads to its complete and rapid proteolysis by pepsin in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Limited proteolysis with chymotrypsin during renaturation after heating showed that the native structure reforms at around 60 degreesC reversing the denaturation. CD spectra revealed that under acid denaturing conditions, SKTI shows major changes in conformation, indicating the possibility of a molten structure. The existence of this intermediate was established by ANS fluorescence studies at different concentrations of HCl. The remarkable stability of SKTI to both thermal and acid denaturation may be important for its role as a food allergen. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Markwell, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM markwell@unl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1P20 RR 16469] NR 34 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 1699 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.02.014 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 826CY UT WOS:000221807800021 PM 15158729 ER PT J AU Martin, PAW AF Martin, PAW TI A stilbene optical brightener can enhance bacterial pathogenicity to gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) and Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect biocontrol; Lymantria dispar; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Bacillus thuringiensis; Serratia marcescens; Chromobacterium violaceum; Photorhabdus luminescens; optical brightener ID FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER; RADIATION PROTECTANTS; BACULOVIRUS ACTIVITY; POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; MIDGUT; BACILLUS; NUCLEAR; AGENTS AB Stilbene optical brighteners were first investigated to protect biological control agents such as viruses, fungi, and nematodes against ultraviolet light. Some are known to enhance the activity of insect viruses in Lepidoptera. In this work, one stilbene brightener, Tinopal LPW, also increased mortality of gypsy moth and Colorado potato beetle larvae when treated with bacteria/optical brightener combinations. This increase in mortality, however, did not occur for every bacteria/insect combination. In gypsy moth, a significant increase in larval mortality was observed only with Bacillus thuringiensis combined with Tinopal LPW. In Colorado potato beetle, however, the addition of Tinopal LPW increased larval mortality with all bacteria tested ( B. thuringiensis, Serratia marcescens, Photorhabdus luminescens, and Chromobacterium sp.). The brightener also decreased the time to kill for these pathogens. This decrease in LT50 was observed not only for bacteria + Tinopal LPW combinations, but also for combinations of Chromobacterium sp. toxin + Tinopal LPW. The mechanism for increase in bacterial toxicity by optical brighteners is compatible with mechanisms proposed for enhancement based on viral/lepidopteran/optical brightener systems that are not dependent on replication. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 309,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pmartin@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1080/09583150410001683484 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 823AV UT WOS:000221583000004 ER PT J AU Bautista, RC Harris, EJ Vargas, RI Jang, EB AF Bautista, RC Harris, EJ Vargas, RI Jang, EB TI Parasitization of melon fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) by Fopius arisanus and Psyttalia fletcheri (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) and the effect of fruit substrates on host preference by parasitoids SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Tephritidae; melon fruit fly; Bactrocera cucurbitae; Fopius arisanus; Psyttalia fletcheri; parasitoids; life table; host preference ID DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA HYMENOPTERA; BIOSTERES-ARISANUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLIES DIPTERA; HAWAII; ABUNDANCE; LOCATION; KAUAI; RATES AB Fopius arisanus and Psyttalia fletcheri are egg and larval parasitoids, respectively, of tephritid fruit flies including the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae. We investigated the consequences of parasitization when eggs or larvae of melon flies were exposed to F arisanus or P. fletcheri alone, or to both in succession. In addition, we evaluated the effect of fruit substrates on host preference by gravid parasitoids. F arisanus parasitized 45% of melon fly eggs in the cohort after a 24-h exposure period. The proportion of parasitized hosts increased 2-fold when melon fly larvae were exposed to P. fletcheri alone, or when host immatures were exposed sequentially to both parasitoids. While P. fletcheri could readily develop on melon fly, F arisanus rarely produced progeny. Life table calculations indicated that parasitization by F arisanus resulted in host kills of 38, 40, and 47% in egg, larval, and pupal stages of the melon fly, respectively, while parasitization by P. fletcheri resulted in larval and pupal mortalities of 24 and 79%, respectively. Sequential exposure of melon fly eggs to F arisanus, then larvae to P. fletcheri, resulted in host kills of 52, 56, and 91% during the egg, larval and pupal stages, respectively. Parasitization by F arisanus, P. fletcheri, or both, suppressed melon fly development by 2-, 5-, and 12-fold, respectively. Given a choice of fruit types, F arisanus and P. fletcheri preferred melon fly in zucchini squash, Cucurbita pepo, over those in Japanese eggplant, Solanum melongena, Chinese bitter melon, Momordica charantia, Japanese cucumber, Cucumis sativus, and tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum. This study provides basic information needed for future work on single or multispecies releases of parasitoids for biological control of the melon fly. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, PBARC, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Bautista, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 2727 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rbautista@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 156 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.01.005 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 817KF UT WOS:000221175700005 ER PT J AU Mathews, CR Bottrell, DG Brown, MW AF Mathews, CR Bottrell, DG Brown, MW TI Habitat manipulation of the apple orchard floor to increase ground-dwelling predators and predation of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE ants; apple; Malus domestica; Cydia pomonella; carabidae; compost; formicidae; ground beetles; habitat; prey resources; biological control ID GENERALIST PREDATORS; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NATURAL ENEMIES; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; CARABIDAE COLEOPTERA; APHID POPULATIONS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; FALLOW FIELD; CODLING MOTH AB Augmenting generalist predator populations in new apple (Mahus domestica Bork) plantings could potentially aid in the establishment of balanced orchard ecosystems that are less susceptible to pest outbreaks. Habitat can be an important factor in retaining predators in a system and can affect predator efficiency. We investigated the potential of increasing a complex of generalist ground-dwelling predators and enhancing biological control in a young 'Golden Delicious' apple orchard through ground habitat manipulation. We modified the orchard floor with four comparative habitat treatments: (1) detritus-rich compost mulch layer, (2) detritus-free synthetic mulch layer, (3) herbicide-treated vegetation thatch, and (4) bare soil with vegetation hand-removed. Relative abundances of predators and alternative prey in the habitats were measured with pitfall trapping throughout the growing season. Predation was measured using sentinel Cydia pomonella larvae and directly observed in night experiments. Throughout the season, the compost mulch treatment consistently supported significantly greater densities of alternative prey resources for predators, and generalist predators were more abundant in the compost mulch than the other habitats. Predator complex abundance was positively correlated with increasing alternative prey availability in the compost mulch habitat. However, predation of C pomonella was significantly lower in the compost mulch than in the herbicide-treated thatch habitat. Our study revealed that a prey-rich organic mulch can enhance ground-foraging generalist predators on the orchard floor, but habitat structure may be more important than alternative prey for predation of C pomonella. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Mathews, CR (reprint author), Shepherd Coll, Inst Environm Studies, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM cmathews@shepherd.edu NR 63 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 38 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.11.006 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 817KF UT WOS:000221175700017 ER PT J AU Bruckart, W Cavin, C Vajna, L Schwarczinger, I Ryan, FJ AF Bruckart, W Cavin, C Vajna, L Schwarczinger, I Ryan, FJ TI Differential susceptibility of Russian thistle accessions to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Salsola tragus; Salsola australis; Salsola iberica; Salsola kali; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; chenopodiaceae; uredinales; biological control; weeds; rust fungus; plant taxonomy; Russian thistle; biotypes ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CHONDRILLA-JUNCEA; SALSOLA-TRAGUS; CALIFORNIA; IMPACT AB Molecular information suggests that Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) in the US may consist of more than one genetic entity. This genetic variation needs to be taken into account when developing agents for biological control of this important weed. Preliminary evidence suggests that there are differences in susceptibility of Salsola sp. to infection by fungal pathogens. In the present study, an isolate of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a pathogen of Russian thistle collected in Hungary was tested for its ability to infect and damage California accessions of S. tragus (referred to as Type A) and the related S. tragus, Type B. The minimum dew period and temperature required for infection of S. tragus with C gloeosporioides was determined to be 12-16 h and 25 degreesC. Both Type A and Type B were susceptible, but C gloeosporioides caused greater damage and reductions in biomass of Type A than of Type B. Fresh weights of Type A and Type B were reduced from controls by 60 and 9%, respectively, after inoculations with C gloeosporioides. Results from this study illustrate the importance of understanding target plant taxonomy in biological control evaluations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. USDA ARS, EIDP, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Bruckart, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, FDWSRU, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM wbruckart@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 306 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.12.001 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 817KF UT WOS:000221175700022 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JE Bloem, S Hofmeyr, JH AF Carpenter, JE Bloem, S Hofmeyr, JH TI Acceptability and suitability of eggs of false codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) from irradiated parents to parasitism by Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cryptophlebia leucotreta; egg parasitoid; augmentative biological control; gamma-radiation; sterile insect technique ID LEUCOTRETA MEYRICK LEPIDOPTERA; CHITIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR; ARGYROPLOCE-LEUCOTRETA; INUNDATIVE RELEASES; SEX-PHEROMONE; PLATNERI HYMENOPTERA; CITRUS AB We determined the acceptability and suitability of eggs of Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) to parasitization by Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja under no choice and choice situations. Male and female moths were treated (T) with 150 or 200 Gy of gamma-radiation, inbred or out-crossed to normal untreated (N) counterparts, and eggs laid by different crosses were offered to T cryptophlebiae as host material. Newly laid (24-h-old) eggs, as well as eggs that were 48- and 72-h-old were evaluated. In general, all egg treatments in the no choice experiments were acceptable for oviposition and suitable for parasitoid development. However, significant differences in the number of parasitized eggs were detected when one member of the host cross, particularly the female, was treated with gamma-radiation or when the host egg age was greater than 24h. No significant differences were detected in any of the choice experiments. Our results suggest that T cryptophlebiae would accept, successfully develop in, and emerge from FCM eggs laid by the different crosses that would theoretically be present in the field under a sterile insect release program for false codling moth (Nfemale x Tmale, Tfemale x Nmale, and Tfemale x Tmale) and suggest that further evaluations combining releases of irradiated moths and parasitoids are warranted. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. IAEA, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. Citrus Res Int, ZA-7340 Citrusdal, South Africa. RP Carpenter, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM jcarpent@tifton.usda.gov NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.10.006 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 817KF UT WOS:000221175700028 ER PT J AU Okubara, PA Kornoely, JP Landa, BB AF Okubara, PA Kornoely, JP Landa, BB TI Rhizosphere colonization of hexaploid wheat by Pseudomonas fluorescens strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 is cultivar-variable and associated with changes in gross root morphology SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; Triticum aestivum ID 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; SOIL SUPPRESSIVENESS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POPULATION-DENSITY; INCREASED-GROWTH; SEED TREATMENTS; TAKE-ALL; PLANT AB In the Pacific Northwest, natural suppression of take-all disease of wheat (take-all decline) has been attributed to certain strains of the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. To examine naturally occurring variation in the ability of Triticum aestivum L. (hexaploid wheat) to support these bacteria, we have surveyed 27 Pacific Northwest (PNW) cultivars for the ability to undergo root colonization with the aggressive colonizer P. fluorescens strain Q8r1-96, and P. fluorescens strain Q2-87, a less effective colonizer. In seed inoculation experiments, Q8r1-86 colonized roots of all of the cultivars equally or more effectively than did Q2-87 in a non-pasteurized, non-agricultural soil. Seven cultivars supported significantly (P < 0.05) higher rhizosphere populations of Q8r1-96 than Q2-87 within 14 days post-inoculation (dpi), two cultivars supported relatively high population densities of each bacterial strain, and three cultivars supported low population densities of the strains. Population densities normalized to root weight reached maximum steady-state levels within 4 dpi, and differential colonization was seen as early as 7 dpi. In pairwise comparisons, the bacterial treatments differentially affected the root morphology of some of the cultivars at 14 dpi. However, principal components (factor) and correlation analysis showed that preferential colonization by Q8r1-96 was independent of root fresh weight, total length, surface area, volume, and average diameter, and that differential colonization was not correlated with changes in any specific root morphometric variable. Variation in root colonization of specific cultivars suggests useful genetic stocks for mapping and identifying host genes involved in wheat-rhizosphere interactions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Cordoba, ETSIAM, Dept Agron, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. RP Okubara, PA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM pokubara@wsu.edu RI Landa, Blanca/K-9629-2014 OI Landa, Blanca/0000-0002-9511-3731 NR 48 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 392 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.11.003 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 817KF UT WOS:000221175700032 ER PT J AU Siegel, J Lacey, LA Fritts, R Higbee, BS Noble, P AF Siegel, J Lacey, LA Fritts, R Higbee, BS Noble, P TI Use of steinernematid nematodes for post harvest control of navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae, Amyelois transitella) in fallen pistachios SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Steinernema carpocapsae; Steinernema feltiae; Amyelois transitella; mortality; pistachios; almonds; biological control; entomopathogenic nematodes; post harvest ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; CARPOCAPSAE RHABDITIDA; HETERORHABDITIDAE; PERSISTENCE; ANTS AB Four trials employing 1-m(2) plots were conducted between November 2002 and April 2003 in Madera County, California, to evaluate the ability of two species of nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema feltiae, to control navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella, in infested pistachios on the ground. The plots were located in two 16.2 ha blocks of pistachio trees planted in sandy loam soil. A total of 4300 larvae were recovered from 17,593 laboratory-infested pistachios (24.4% average infestation). Nematodes were applied with a backpack sprayer at concentrations ranging from 50,000-1,000,000 infective juveniles (IJS)/m(2) (100,000 IJs/m(2) was assessed in all four trials) and an application rate of 374 or 500 ml/m(2) water. S. carpocapsae was more effective than S. feltiae in pistachios and produced >72% mortality at a concentration of 100,000 IJs/m(2) when nighttime temperatures were above freezing. S. carpocapsae was equally effective in bare and leaf-covered plots and persisted longer in sandier soil (8 weeks) than S.feltiae. S. carpocapsae has the potential to multiply in the field; 51.3% of the cadavers examined 21 days after application contained developing nematodes (n = 226). Our trials demonstrated that S. carpocapsae can play a role in the post harvest control of navel orangeworm and that the formulation tested produced greater mortality than the formulations of S. feltiae tested at the same concentration. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Certis USA, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. Paramount Farming Co, Bakersfield, CA 93308 USA. RP Siegel, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jsiegel@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 410 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.12.004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 817KF UT WOS:000221175700034 ER PT J AU Milbrath, LR Nechols, JR AF Milbrath, LR Nechols, JR TI Individual and combined effects of Trichosirocalus horridus and Rhinocyllus conicus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) on musk thistle SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE seed production; classical biological control; weeds; Trichosirocalus horridus; Rhinocyllus conicus; musk thistle; Carduus nutans ID THOERMERI SEED PRODUCTION; CARDUUS-NUTANS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLUMELESS THISTLES; INTRODUCED WEEVIL; PANZER COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; IMPACT; BIOCONTROL; VIRGINIA AB Field experiments were conducted in Northeast Kansas under conditions of limited plant competition to evaluate the individual and combined impact of the imported weevils Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich and Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) on the introduced weed, musk thistle (Carduus nutans L.). No effects on seed production occurred when low larval densities of T horridus (<20 per plant) fed in rosettes, with or without the later-arriving, head-feeding weevil, R. eonieus, present. In contrast, under high T horridus larval densities (66 per plant), production of flower heads was reduced compared to uninfested plants. This indirect effect resulted in a 30% loss in viable seed per plant (with R. conicus present). Plant survival was not affected by T horridus within the range of larval densities tested. R. conicus, when present alone, reduced viable seed by approximately 45%, whereas high densities of both weevils reduced viable seed by 59%. Thus, under conditions of low plant competition, neither weevil substantially limited seed production by musk thistle. This suggests the need for a multi-faceted management program for musk thistle involving additional forms of stress, such as interspecific plant competition. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Milbrath, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM lmilbrath@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 418 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.12.005 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 817KF UT WOS:000221175700035 ER PT J AU Fallon, DJ Solter, LF Keena, M McManus, M Cate, JR Hanks, LM AF Fallon, DJ Solter, LF Keena, M McManus, M Cate, JR Hanks, LM TI Susceptibility of Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motchulsky) (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; Asian longhorned beetle; biological control; Heterorhabditis; nematodes; Steinernema ID STEINERNEMA-FELTIAE; HETERORHABDITIS-MEGIDIS; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SCOLYTUS-SCOLYTUS; NEOAPLECTANA SP; DD-136 STRAIN; TEMPERATURE; INFECTIVITY; AGE AB Isolates of Steinernema feltiae SN from France, Steinernema glaseri NJ from New Jersey, Steinernema riobrave TX from Texas, Steinernema carpocapsae Sal from Indiana, S. carpocapsae All from Georgia, and Heterorhabditis marelata IN from Indiana were screened for efficacy against laboratory colonies of Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora, glabripennis collected from Queens, New York and Chicago, Illinois. Two bioassays were used to screen nematode effects on beetle larvae; a filter paper assay using a 24-h exposure of nematode-to-target-insect, and a diet cup bioassay using a 72-h exposure of host larvae to infective juveniles applied to the larval bore hole made in the artificial diet in the cups. First- and third-stage larvae were susceptible to all isolates using a filter paper bioassay. S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae Sal were the most effective, causing 100% mortality. S. feltiae was more infectious than S. carpocapsae Sal against third, sixth, and seventh instars. S. riobrave, S. glaseri, and H. marelata were ineffective against the older instars. In the diet cup bioassay, S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae Sal killed 71-100% of mid-to late instar larvae, but the remaining isolates screened were ineffective. Nematode preconditioning to aqueous A. glabripennis frass extracts inhibited S. carpocapsae Sal infectivity but had no effect on nematode pathogenicity. S. feltiae juveniles were positively attracted to A. glabripennis frass extracts. Our results demonstrate the potential use of S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae isolates as control agents for A. glabripennis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. Integrated BioControl Syst Inc, Aurora, IN 47001 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Solter, LF (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 607 E Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM lsolter@uiuc.edu NR 34 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 430 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.12.002 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 817KF UT WOS:000221175700036 ER PT J AU Stuart, RJ Shapiro-Ilan, DI James, RR Nguyen, KB McCoy, CW AF Stuart, RJ Shapiro-Ilan, DI James, RR Nguyen, KB McCoy, CW TI Virulence of new and mixed strains of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema riobrave to larvae of the citrus root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Steinernema riobrave; Diaprepes abbreviatus; biological control; entomopathogenic nematode; diaprepes root weevil; citrus; virulence; Florida ID N-SP RHABDITIDA; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; LABORATORY POPULATIONS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; HOST CADAVER; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; GLASERI; SOIL; TOLERANCE AB Steinernema riobrave ranks as the most efficacious entomopathogenic nematode for inundative biological control (biopesticide) applications against larvae of the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatits in Florida citrus groves and has been commercially available for several years. However, only one strain is known, and others could be more effective. Therefore, we used two soil sampling techniques (cores and shovel/bucket samples) and collected soil samples at 10 sites near the type locality of Weslaco, Texas. Soil samples were baited with either Galleria mellonella or D. abbreviatus larvae and produced 10 new isolates of S. riobrave from five sites, and an undescribed species of entomopathogenic nematode in the genus Heterorhabditis from one site. All new isolates were from G. mellonella larvae, and eight of the S. riobrave isolates were from soil cores. In virulence assays comparing the new S. riobrave strains, the commercial strain, and a mixed strain (formed by pooling the new strains), average, larval mortality for five strains (including the mixed strain) was significantly greater than for the commercial strain. Larval mortality for the 12 strains ranged from 57.7 to 84.1 % with the commercial strain and the mixed strain being the extremes, and the mixed strain killing 45.7% more than the commercial strain. Among the 10 new strains, larval mortality ranged from 65.8 to 79.3%, with two strains from the same site being the extremes and the only strains significantly different from one another. Thus, these strains have. potential for improved biological control of D. abbreviatus and further comparisons are warranted. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Stuart, RJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM rstuart@lal.ufl.edu NR 34 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.11.004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 817KF UT WOS:000221175700037 ER PT J AU Ding, JQ Fu, WD Reardon, R Wu, Y Zhang, GL AF Ding, JQ Fu, WD Reardon, R Wu, Y Zhang, GL TI Exploratory survey in China for potential insect biocontrol agents of mile-a-minute weed, Polygonum perfoliatum L., in Eastern USA SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Polygonum perfoliatum; mile-a-minute; exploratory survey; natural enemies; insects; China; classical biological control AB A survey was undertaken in China between 1996 and 2001 for phytophagous insect fauna associated with mile-a-minute weed, Polygonum perfoliatum L. (Polygonaceae). The purpose was to identify potential biological control agents for this invasive plant in the eastern USA. The survey covered 23 provinces including northeastern China, where the climate is similar to that of the eastern USA, and southwest China, which is considered the center of origin of the family Polygonaceae. About 111 insect species were collected and identified, although some immatures were not identified to species level. Based on information from the literature and results from laboratory and field tests on host range, severity of damage, and widely distributed field populations, a weevil, Rhinoncomimus latipes Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was regarded as the most promising agent. Three oligophagous leaf beetles, Smaragdina nigrifrons (Coleoptera: Eumolpidae), Gallerucida bifasciata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and Galerucella placida (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), as well as a geometrid moth, Timandra griseata (Lepidoptera: Geometridiae), were dominant at most of the surveyed sites. All impacted the growth and reproduction of mile-a-minute weed. One bug, Cletus schmidti (Hemiptera: Coreidae), and one sawfly, Allantus nigrocaeruleus (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), are recommended for further evaluation for host specificity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Biol Control, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Ding, JQ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ecol & Management Invas Plant Program, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jd259@cornell.edu NR 38 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 487 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.02.009 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 817KF UT WOS:000221175700042 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Mizell, RF Cottrell, TE Horton, DL AF Shapiro-Ilan, DI Mizell, RF Cottrell, TE Horton, DL TI Measuring field efficacy of Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema riobrave for suppression of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar, larvae SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; Conotrachelus nenuphar; entomopathogenic nematode; peach; Steinernema ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; MANAGEMENT; WEEVIL AB The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar, is a major pest of pome and stone fruit. Our objective was to determine the ability of Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema riobrave to control C nenuphar larvae in soil. Nematodes were applied at 100 infective juveniles/cm(2) in peach orchards at two locations (Byron, GA and Quincy, FL) in 2002 and 2003. Treatments were compared to an untreated control and, in Byron only, application of imidacloprid. Two methods of evaluation were used to test efficacy; in Byron, 50 (2002) or 100 (2003) larvae were buried in plots 3 days prior to treatment applications, whereas in Quincy, larvae entered the soil from 100 naturally infested peach fruits placed in each plot prior to treatment. Treatment efficacy was based on average number of adults emerged/plot (captured in wire cone cages). In all trials (regardless of method), S. riobrave was the only treatment that caused a significant reduction in weevil emergence. S. riobrave applications resulted in greater than 97% C nenuphar control in two out of three trials, and 77.5% control in the fourth trial. The lower level of control in the fourth trial was likely due to a prolonged period of larval exit from infested fruit into soil and lower temperatures during this period. Timing applications in accordance with pest phenology and environmental conditions appear to be critical in achieving high levels of efficacy. The observed high levels of C nenuphar control by S. riobrave are intriguing and justify further studies. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol, Quincy, FL USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 496 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.12.006 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 817KF UT WOS:000221175700043 ER PT J AU Wang, CL Powell, JE AF Wang, CL Powell, JE TI Cellulose bait improves the effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae as a microbial control of termites (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic fungus; Reticulitermes flavipes; Coptotermes formosanus; Metarhizium anisopliae; termites; biological control ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES ISOPTERA; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS ISOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; SELECTION; AUSTRALIA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; NASUTITERMES; EXPERIENCES; INHIBITORS AB The efficacy of a new virulent Metarhizium anisopliae strain (SRRC 2558) obtained from Coptotermes formosanus in China was evaluated against the eastern subterranean termite, Reticiditermes flavipes and the Formosan subterranean termite, C. formosanus, in the laboratory. This new strain was compared with three other virulent M. anisopliae strains and was found to be highly infectious against termites. It caused 100% mortality to groups of 100 R. flavipes workers in containers with treated vermiculite/sand medium at a concentration of greater than or equal to 3 x 10(6) conidia/cm(3). However, in two-container choice devices, R. flavipes avoided containers treated with M anisopliae at the concentration of greater than or equal to 1.5 x 10(7) conidia/cm(3). Cellulose powder bait containing M. anisopliae was tested against R. flavipes and C formosanus. At effective concentration, the bait did not cause apparent repellence to R. flavipes and C formosanus. Successful control of R.flavipes and C formosanus groups (1000/group) was achieved at 1.5 x 10(8) and 3 x 10(8) conidia/g, respectively, in choice tests in which termites were provided with treated cellulose bait and untreated wood. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wang, CL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Urban & Ind Pest Management, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM cwang@entm.purdue.edu; jepowell@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 523 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.02.007 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 817KF UT WOS:000221175700046 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Grusak, MA Keck, AS Gregoire, BR AF Finley, JW Grusak, MA Keck, AS Gregoire, BR TI Bioavailability of selenium from meat and broccoli as determined by retention and distribution of Se-75 SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE selenium; bioavailability; broccoli; pork; beef; selenoprotein ID ATOMIC-EMISSION DETECTION; CANCER PREVENTION; MANGANESE ABSORPTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALLIUM CHEMISTRY; SODIUM SELENITE; TISSUE SELENIUM; DEFICIENT RATS; SELENOMETHIONINE; METABOLISM AB The concentration of selenium (Se), an essential nutrient, is variable in foods, depending, in part, on how and where foods are produced; some foods accumulate substantial amounts of Se when produced on high-Se soils. The chemical form of Se also differs among foods. Broccoli is a Se-accumulating plant that contains many methylated forms of Se, and Se bioavailability from broccoli has been reported to be low. Red meats such as pork or beef could accumulate Se when the animal is fed high-Se diets, and Se from such meats has been reported to be highly bioavailable for selenoprotein synthesis. In a further attempt to characterize the utilization of Se from broccoli and meats such as pork or beef, we have fed rats diets adequate (0.1 mug Se/g diet) in Se or high in Se (1.5 mug S/g diet), with the Se source being either high-Se broccoli or beef. Rats were then given test meals of broccoli or pork intrinsically labeled with Se-75. When dietary Se was nutritionally adequate (0.1 mug/g diet), more Se-75 from pork than broccoli was retained in tissues; however, there were no significant differences in whole-body retention when dietary Se was high (1.5 mug/g diet). A significantly greater percentage of Se-75 from broccoli than pork was excreted in the urine and dietary Se did not affect urinary excretion of broccoli Se-75, but the amount excreted from pork varied directly with dietary Se intake. Radiolabeled Se-75 derived from pork effectively labeled selenoproteins in all tissues examined, but Se-75 from broccoli was undetectable in selenoproteins. These differences in retention and distribution of Se from broccoli or pork are consistent with reported differences in bioavailability of Se from beef and broccoli. They also suggest that there are fewer differences in bioavailability when Se is consumed in supranutritional amounts. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Illinois, Div Nutrit Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 15 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 191 EP 209 DI 10.1385/BTER:99:1-3:191 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 836PB UT WOS:000222566900016 PM 15235152 ER PT J AU de Morais, MB Lifschitz, CH AF de Morais, MB Lifschitz, CH TI Intestinal permeability to lactulose and mannitol in growing rats with iron-deficiency anemia SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE intestinal permeability; iron deficiency; lactulose, mannitol; rats ID CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; INFANTS AB Iron deficiency can have nonhematological manifestations, some of which may affect the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine if iron-deficiency anemia in growing rats affected small-bowel permeability as assessed by the urinary ratio of lactulose and mannitol. Thirty-seven male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (21 d of age) were randomly divided into two groups and fed either an iron-deficient (n=19) or an iron-sufficient diet (n=18) that contained either 13.5 or 43.8 mg of iron/kg diet, respectively. Animals were evaluated between 25 and 38 d of dietary treatment. Intestinal permeability was assessed by measuring the lactulose/mannitol urinary ratio following administration of a solution that contained the two sugars. At the end of the study, the mean body weight of rats fed the low-iron diet was approx 95% that of the controls. The mean hemoglobin (g/dL) was significantly lower in the low-iron diet group (11.2+/-1.4) than in the control group (16.9+/-0.8) (p=0.001). The liver iron concentration (mug/g) of the anemic group (41.4+/-4.7) was also statistically (p=0.001) lower than in. the control group (116.6+/-18.2). The lactulose/mannitol ratio was lower in the anemic rats (2.0+/-0.7) than in the control group (2.6+/-0.7) (p=0.008), a finding that is not suggestive of intestinal mucosal atrophy, previously described in anemic children. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lifschitz, CH (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI MORAIS, MAURO/I-7995-2014; OI Morais, Mauro/0000-0003-4014-5549 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1385/BTER:99:1-3:233 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 836PB UT WOS:000222566900019 PM 15235155 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Upchurch, DR Schubert, AM Porter, D Wheeler, T AF Acosta-Martinez, V Upchurch, DR Schubert, AM Porter, D Wheeler, T TI Early impacts of cotton and peanut cropping systems on selected soil chemical, physical, microbiological and biochemical properties SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE peanut-cotton rotation; FAME profiles; enzyme activities; intracellular arylsulfatase activity; soil management ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BETA-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; ARYLSULFATASE ACTIVITY; UREASE ACTIVITY; BIOMASS-C; NITROGEN; MINERALIZATION; FUMIGATION; EXTRACTION AB This study investigated the impacts of cropping systems of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.; Ct) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.; Pt) on a Brownfield fine sandy soil (Loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Arenic Aridic Paleustalfs) in west Texas, United States. Samples (0-12 cm) were taken 2 and 3 years after establishment of the plots from PtPtPt, CtCtPt and PtCtCt in March, June and September 2002, and in March 2003. Soil total N and aggregate stability were generally not different among the cropping systems. The pH of the soils was >8.0. Continuous peanut increased soil organic C, microbial biomass C (C-mic) and the activities of beta-glucosidase, beta-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase and arylsulfatase compared to the peanut-cotton rotations. The arylsulfatase activity of the fumigated field-moist soil and that resulting from the difference of the fumigated minus non-fumigated soil were greater in PtPtPt, but arylsulfatase activity of non-fumigated soil was unaffected by the cropping systems. Soil C-mic showed a different seasonal variation to enzyme activities during the study. Enzyme activities:microbial biomass ratios indicated that the microbial biomass may not have produced significant amounts of enzymes or that newly released enzymes did not become stabilized in the soil (i.e., due to its low clay and organic matter contents). Fungal (18:2omega6c and 18:1omega9c) and bacterial (15:0, a15:0, and a17:0) FAMEs were higher in PtPtPt than in CtCtPt or PtCtCt cropping systems. Our results suggest that the quality or quantity of residues returned to the soil under a peanut and cotton rotation did not impact the properties of this sandy soil after the first 3 years of this study. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Texas A&M Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM vacostam@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUN PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s00374-004-0745-3 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 825IS UT WOS:000221750600007 ER PT J AU Cohen, WB AF Cohen, WB TI Integrating remote sensing and ecology SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cohen, WB (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 6 BP 483 EP 483 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0483:IRSAE]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 829CJ UT WOS:000222020700001 ER PT J AU Cohen, WB Goward, SN AF Cohen, WB Goward, SN TI Landsat's role in ecological applications of remote sensing SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; Landsat; spectral vegetation indices; vegetation mapping; change detection ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; LEAF-AREA INDEX; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL SECONDARY FOREST; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WESTERN OREGON; CONIFER FOREST; SATELLITE DATA; BOREAL FOREST; TASSELED CAP AB Remote sensing, geographic information systems, and modeling have combined to produce a virtual explosion of growth in ecological investigations and applications that are explicitly spatial and temporal. Of all remotely sensed data, those acquired by Landsat sensors have played the most pivotal role in spatial and temporal scaling. Modern terrestrial ecology relies on remote sensing for modeling biogeochemical cycles and for characterizing land cover, vegetation biophysical attributes, forest structure, and fragmentation in relation to biodiversity. Given the more than 30-year record of Landsat data, mapping land and vegetation cover change and using the derived surfaces in ecological models is becoming commonplace. In this article, we summarize this large body of work, highlighting the unique role of Landsat. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cohen, WB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM warren.cohen@oregonstate.edu RI Mitchard, Edward/C-6346-2009 NR 64 TC 331 Z9 348 U1 11 U2 104 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 6 BP 535 EP 545 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0535:LRIEAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 829CJ UT WOS:000222020700011 ER PT J AU Hsu, AF Jones, KC Foglia, TA Marmer, WN AF Hsu, AF Jones, KC Foglia, TA Marmer, WN TI Transesterification activity of lipases immobilized in a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE enzymes; esterification; esters; fats; oils; triacylglycerols ID ALKYL ESTERS; BIODIESEL FUEL; OIL; ENTRAPMENT; GREASE AB Lipases from Pseudomonas cepacia (P.c.) and Thermomyces lanuginosa (T.l.) were immobilized in a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix and studied for their ability to catalyze the alcoholysis of fats and oils to simple alkyl esters. At 50degreesC and 48 h reaction immobilized T.l. lipase gave higher alkyl ester yields (70 to 100%) from fats and oils regardless of chain length or degree of unsaturation of the acyl groups in the triacylglycerols than did immobilized P.c. lipase (20-90%), which preferred unsaturated oils. Both immobilized lipases catalyzed ester formation (80-90%) from greases containing a range of free fatty acids (2.6 to 36%). Molecular sieves had no effect on ester yields in the immobilized T.l. lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis of greases but did improve yields (5-10%) in the immobilized P.c. lipase-catalyzed reactions. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hsu, AF (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ahsu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 EI 1573-6776 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 26 IS 11 BP 917 EP 921 DI 10.1023/B:bile.0000025903.11697.ae PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 825ZY UT WOS:000221799300011 PM 15269541 ER PT J AU Carrao-Panizzi, MC de Goes-Favoni, SP Kikuchi, A AF Carrao-Panizzi, MC de Goes-Favoni, SP Kikuchi, A TI Hydrothermal treatments in the development of isoflavone aglycones in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) grains SO BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soybean; isoflavones; glycosides; aglycones; temperature ID ENVIRONMENT; CULTIVARS; SOAKING; SEEDS AB Studies were carried out to enhance the development of isoflavone aglycones in soybean. Grains of two soybean cultivars, BR 36 mid IAS 5, 115 mid 278 mg1100g of total isoflal'017e, respectively, ivere treated hYdrotherinal.yl at 45, 60 and 85 degreesC for 5, 30 and 60 minutes. Pre-treatments of grains at 60 degreesC for 60 minutes allowed a considerable increase of the isoflavone aglycones. Non-treated grains of BR 36 and IAS 5 showed 1.2 mg/100g of genistein, after hydrothermal treatments, which increased to 12 and 53 mg/100g, in each variety, respectively. At higher temperature (85 degreesC) there was a decrease of the aglycones due to inactivation of beta-glycosidases. Malonyl compounds were also reduced at higher temperatures. In processing functional soybeam foods, hydrothermal treatments of the soybeam grains, as well as high isoflavone content soybean cultivars will enhance development of aglycone forms. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Embrapa Labex, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Natl Agr Res Ctr Western Reg, Soybean Breeding Lab, Kagawa 7658508, Japan. Univ Londrina, Londrina, PR USA. RP Carrao-Panizzi, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Embrapa Labex, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM panizzim@ncaur.usada.gov; silvanafavoni@hotmail.com; akiokiku@affrc.go.jp NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST TECNOLOGIA PARANA PI CURITIBA-PARANA PA RUA PROF ALGACYR MUNHOZ MADER 3775-CIC, 81350-010 CURITIBA-PARANA, BRAZIL SN 1516-8913 J9 BRAZ ARCH BIOL TECHN JI Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 2 BP 225 EP 232 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 828TT UT WOS:000221996900010 ER PT J AU Tang, ZM Sayer, MA Chambers, JL Barnett, JP AF Tang, ZM Sayer, MA Chambers, JL Barnett, JP TI Interactive effects of fertilization and throughfall exclusion on the physiological responses and whole-tree carbon uptake of mature loblolly pine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE foliage mass; photosynthesis; Pinus taeda; seasonal trend; transpiration; xylem pressure potential ID UPLAND OAK FOREST; LEAF-AREA; ROOT-GROWTH; GROWING SEASONS; GAS-EXCHANGE; WATER-STRESS; SLASH PINE; NITROGEN; TAEDA; STANDS AB Few studies have examined the combined effects of nutrition and water exclusion on the canopy physiology of mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Understanding the impacts of forest management on plantation productivity requires extensive research on the relationship between silvicultural treatments and environmental constraints to growth. We studied the physiological responses of 18-year-old loblolly pine trees exposed to a combination of fertilization (fertilizer or no fertilizer) and throughfall (normal throughfall or throughfall exclusion). Gas exchange variables were measured in the upper and lower crown between 0900 and 1700 h from May to November in 1999. Needle fall was collected to estimate foliage mass and leaf area. Summer drought and throughfall exclusion significantly decreased predawn xylem pressure potential. Needle-level photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance declined during the drought and were significantly lower in the throughfall exclusion treatment. Throughfall exclusion also reduced annual foliage mass and daily whole-crown photosynthesis and transpiration. In the normal throughfall treatment, fertilization had no effect on needle-level physiology, but increased annual foliage mass and whole-crown photosynthesis by 26% and 41%, respectively. With the exclusion of throughfall, however, annual foliage mass and daily whole-crown photosynthesis exhibited little response to fertilization. We conclude that greater nutrient availability enhances the carbon uptake of mature loblolly pine trees by stimulating foliage production, but the positive effects of fertilization on leaf area and carbon fixation are limited by low water availability. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, LSU Agctr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Tang, ZM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, LSU Agctr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ztang@lsu.edu NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 6 BP 850 EP 861 DI 10.1139/B04-064 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 837RC UT WOS:000222652200014 ER PT J AU Johnson, SL AF Johnson, SL TI Factors influencing stream temperatures in small streams: substrate effects and a shading experiment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID THERMAL HETEROGENEITY; HYPORHEIC ZONE; FLIR IMAGES; WATER-FLOW; OREGON; PERSPECTIVES; FLOODPLAIN; GRADIENTS; DYNAMICS; BUDGETS AB The temperature of stream water is an important control of many in-stream processes. To better understand the processes and consequences of solar energy inputs to streams, stream temperature dynamics were examined before, during, and after experimental shading of a 150-m reach of a second-order stream in the Oregon Cascade Range. Maximum water temperatures declined significantly in the shaded reach, but minimum and mean temperatures were not modified. Heat budget calculations before shading show the dominance of solar energy as an influence of stream temperature. The influence of substrate type on stream temperature was examined separately where the water flowed first over bedrock and then through alluvial substrates. Maximum temperatures in the upstream bedrock reach were up to 8.6degreesC higher and 3.4 degreesC lower than downstream in the alluvial reach. Better understanding of factors that influence not only maximum but minimum temperatures as well as diurnal temperature variation will highlight types of reaches in which stream temperature would be most responsive to changes in shading. Many apparent discrepancies in stream temperature literature can be explained by considering variation in the relative importance of different stream temperature drivers within and among streams and over time. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM sherrijohnson@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 5 U2 36 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 913 EP 923 DI 10.1139/F04-040 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 843PJ UT WOS:000223096000006 ER PT J AU Huang, SM Monserud, RA Braun, T Lougheed, H Bakowsky, O AF Huang, SM Monserud, RA Braun, T Lougheed, H Bakowsky, O TI Comparing site productivity of mature fire-origin and post-harvest juvenile lodgepole pine stands in Alberta SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID INLAND DOUGLAS-FIR; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INDEX; GROWTH; CONTORTA; IMPACTS; TRENDS; MODEL AB Twenty-two paired-plot sample locations were revisited to re-examine the site indices of mature fire-origin and adjacent post-harvest juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) stands occurring on the same physiographic sites. The post-harvest juvenile stands followed harvesting and drag scarification, whereas the mature fire-origin stands received no stand treatment. Results showed that the site index of post-harvest juvenile stands was 27% to 35% higher than that of the mature fire-origin stands. Calculation of the rate of change in site index indicated that the site index estimates of post-harvest stands were stable after 5 years breast height age was reached. This suggests that the increase in site index in post-harvest stands is not a short-term artifact, but a sustained gain that will be maintained over time. Simulations of post-harvest yield based on the Alberta growth and yield projection system (GYPSY) for lodgepole pine suggested that the increase in post-harvest site index will likely result in substantial gains in the mean annual increment and total yield of post-harvest lodgepole pine stands in the study area. The results of this study indicate that post-harvest lodgepole pine stands are growing significantly faster than their fire-origin counterparts on equivalent sites. C1 Alberta Sustainable Resource Dev, Forest Management Branch, Edmonton, AB T5K 2M4, Canada. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Forestry Corp, Hinton, AB T7V 1V7, Canada. RP Huang, SM (reprint author), Alberta Sustainable Resource Dev, Forest Management Branch, 8th Floor,9920-108 St, Edmonton, AB T5K 2M4, Canada. EM shongming.huang@gov.ab.ca NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1181 EP 1191 DI 10.1139/X04-009 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 832KK UT WOS:000222266200002 ER PT J AU Omdal, DW Shaw, CG Jacobi, WR AF Omdal, DW Shaw, CG Jacobi, WR TI Symptom expression in conifers infected with Armillaria ostoyae and Heterobasidion annosum SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH REDUCTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DIAMETER GROWTH; PINUS-RADIATA; ROOT DISEASE; DOUGLAS-FIR; EXTENT; ROT AB Crown symptoms and other aboveground variables were examined on 36 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco.) (40-209 years old), 46 white fir (Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl.) (36-165 years old), and 97 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) (64-220 years old) trees in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Root systems of all trees were excavated to determine extent of root disease. Symptoms observed on infected trees, including reductions in height growth, changes in foliage characteristics, and crown dieback, worsened as the number of infected roots increased. Trees with aboveground symptoms had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) number of infected lateral roots than trees without symptoms. In mixed conifer stands on the Archuleta Mesa, Colo., four qualitative crown symptoms were used to accurately detect Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink and (or) Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. infection of Douglas-fir (21/22, or 95%) and white fir (19/28, or 68%). Similarly, 61% (48/79) of the A. ostoyae infected ponderosa pine trees on the Jemez site, N.M., were detected using the qualitative Thomson vigor rating system. Discriminate analysis, using more thorough variables and analysis, resulted in correct infection classifications of 82%, 85%, and 78% for Douglas-fir, white fir, and ponderosa pine, respectively, suggesting that aboveground variables are reasonable indicators of root disease. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Jacobi, WR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM william.jacobi@colostate.edu NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1210 EP 1219 DI 10.1139/X04-007 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 832KK UT WOS:000222266200005 ER PT J AU Gandhi, KJK Spence, JR Langor, DW Morgantini, LE Cryer, KJ AF Gandhi, KJK Spence, JR Langor, DW Morgantini, LE Cryer, KJ TI Harvest retention patches are insufficient as stand analogues of fire residuals for litter-dwelling beetles in northern coniferous forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN OMALIINAE COLEOPTERA; CARABID BEETLES; BOREAL FOREST; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; WESTERN CANADA; TREE RETENTION; PITFALL TRAPS; STAPHYLINIDAE; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT AB We compared litter-dwelling beetle assemblages of <1- to 2-ha unharvested coniferous patches embedded in 1-year-old clearcuts with beetle assemblages from <1- to 10-ha unburned fire residuals within 15- and 37-year-old burned forests. Our primary objective was to determine whether unharvested patches retain biotic elements that are similar to those of the surrounding uncut forests and to those of patches of forest skipped by wildfires. Beetle assemblages of the harvest residuals were similar to those of the uncut forest, suggesting that harvest residuals retain elements of the mature forest. However, beetle assemblages of harvest residuals differed from those of fire residuals. Thus, harvest residuals sited without regard to microhabitat characteristics or stand structure in fire residuals are insufficient analogues for the late successional habitats provided by fire residuals. There was no relationship between size of harvest residuals and either beetle catch or diversity. Beetle catches were higher in round harvest residuals, and a number of forest species also appeared to be aggregated in round residuals. Forest managers may preserve biotic elements of young uncut forest by leaving round harvest residuals in clearcuts; however, a closer habitat match between harvest and fire residuals is likely required to preserve and maintain landscape-level forest biodiversity. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. Weyerhaeuser Co Ltd, Edmonton, AB T5M 3N7, Canada. RP Gandhi, KJK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 720 Olive Dr,Suite D, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gandh004@umn.edu RI Gandhi, Kamal/B-4495-2009 NR 82 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1319 EP 1331 DI 10.1139/X04-018 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 832KK UT WOS:000222266200015 ER PT J AU Van Donkersgoed, J Gertonson, A Bridges, M Raths, D Dargatz, D Wagner, B Boughton, A Knoop, D Walton, TE AF Van Donkersgoed, J Gertonson, A Bridges, M Raths, D Dargatz, D Wagner, B Boughton, A Knoop, D Walton, TE TI Prevalence of antibodies to bluetongue virus and Anaplasma marginale in Montana yearling cattle entering Alberta feedlots: Fall 2001 SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL POPULATIONS AB A serologic survey was conducted in yearling cattle imported into Alberta feedlots from Montana during October 2001 to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to bluetongue virus (BTV) and Anaplasma marginale in Montana yearling cattle. The apparent prevalence of antibodies to BTV when the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was used was 0.37% (21/5608). Test positive cELISA samples were also all positive when tested by virus neutralization (VN) and they reacted to 1 or more BTV serotypes, including 2, 10, 11, 13, and 17. The apparent prevalence of antibodies to A. marginale when a recombinant cELISA (rcELISA) was used with a positive cutoff at 30% inhibition was 1.93% (108/5608). When the rcELISA positive cutoff was at 42% inhibition, the apparent prevalence was 0.73% (41/5608). After the reported sensitivity and specificity of the test had been accounted for, the A. marginale antibody results were consistent with a population that was either free of exposure or had a very low prevalence for A. marginale. C1 Alberta Cattle Feeders Assoc, Lacombe, AB T4L 1P1, Canada. State Montana Dept Livestock, Helena, MT 59620 USA. Montana Stock Growers Assoc, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Montana Dept Livestock, Diagnost Lab Div, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Van Donkersgoed, J (reprint author), Alberta Cattle Feeders Assoc, 11 Bruns Rd, Lacombe, AB T4L 1P1, Canada. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 6 BP 486 EP 492 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 831VY UT WOS:000222225800004 PM 15283518 ER PT J AU Stolzenberg-Solomon, R El Ghormli, L Schatzkin, A Rosen, C Clevidence, B Campbell, W Snyder, K Judd, J Taylor, P AF Stolzenberg-Solomon, R El Ghormli, L Schatzkin, A Rosen, C Clevidence, B Campbell, W Snyder, K Judd, J Taylor, P TI Effects of a low fat, high fiber-complex carbohydrate diet on components of the IGF axis measured in plasma: A controlled feeding study in men SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article C1 NCI, Nutrit Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, Ctr Clin Res, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. St Joseph Hosp, MECORE Lab, Bangor, ME USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Stolzenberg-Solomon, R (reprint author), NCI, Nutrit Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 6120 Execut Blvd,Suite 320,EPS,Room 3022,MSC 7232, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rs221z@nih.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1086 EP 1087 PG 2 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826ZL UT WOS:000221867900030 PM 15184271 ER PT J AU Desta, F Colbert, JJ Rentch, JS Gottschalk, KW AF Desta, F Colbert, JJ Rentch, JS Gottschalk, KW TI Aspect induced differences in vegetation, soil, and microclimatic characteristics of an Appalachian watershed SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-POPLAR; WEST-VIRGINIA; BIOMASS; CATCHMENT; INDEX AB This study evaluates and quantifies the variation in vegetation, plant nutrients, and microclimate across four topographic aspects in an Appalachian watershed (39degrees39'43"N, 79degrees45'28"W). The study found that the north and east aspects were 27-50% more productive than the west and southwest aspects. Species groups that showed strong aspect preference included yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), black cherry (Prunus serotina), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), and white oak (Quercus alba); the former two being dominant on the north and east aspects while the latter two dominate the west and southwest aspects. Red oak (Quercus rubra) and red maple (Acer rubrum) showed mild aspect preference indicating their broad ecological amplitude. Although the north and east aspects had greater biomass, the west and southwest aspects had about 23% more stems per hectare. There were large differences in microclimate among the four aspects. Air temperature during midday period averaged 25.2degreesC, 24.9degreesC, 30.5degreesC, and 29.4degreesC for the north, east, west and southwest aspects respectively. The maximum temperature difference between the mesic (north and east aspects) and xeric (west and southwest aspects) sites was 5.55degreesC and was observed at noon. The relative humidity at the xeric site was about 25% lower than that at the mesic site during midday periods. Plant water stress as measured by vapor pressure difference was about 37% higher on west and southwest aspects than on north and east aspects. Plant nutrients only showed minor differences with concentrations being higher on the north and east aspects except for phosphorus, which was higher on the west and southwest aspects. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Desta, F (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM fdesta@stat.wvu.edu NR 41 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY, NEWBERRY COLLEGE PI NEWBERRY PA DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N. HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST., NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 BP 92 EP 108 DI 10.2179/0008-7475(2004)069<0092:AIDIVS>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 872KM UT WOS:000225206100002 ER PT J AU Carrizosa, MJ Rice, PJ Koskinen, WC Carrizosa, I Hermosin, MD AF Carrizosa, MJ Rice, PJ Koskinen, WC Carrizosa, I Hermosin, MD TI Sorption of isoxaflutole and DKN on organoclays SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE degradation; diketonitrile; freundlich; hysteresis; isoxaflutole; organoclays; sorption ID ADSORPTION MECHANISMS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOILS; CLAYS; HERBICIDE; DESORPTION; COMPOUND; WATER AB Sorption of the herbicide isoxaflutole and its main degradate, diketonitrile (DKN), to natural clays, SAz-1, SWy-2 and SHCa-1, and the organoclay derivatives (octadecylammonium (ODA) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA)) of these clays was investigated. Isoxaflutole hydrolysis to DKN was too rapid in aqueous solutions with organoclays to characterize sorption. No measurable DKN sorption was observed for the natural clays. Sorption of DKN was greater on organoclays with an interlayer paraffin-like complex that were prepared from the high-charge SAz-1 clay than on organoclays with a bilayer or monolayer interlayer complex prepared using lower-charge SWy-2 or SHCa-1 clays. Desorption isotherms indicated that sorption was irreversible. For SAz-1 with HDTMA at similar to100% of the clay CEC, the d(001) values suggest that DKN enters the interlamellar space of the organoclay and dissociates into the anion. The DKN anion forms a very stable chelate complex with the residual cations and/or partially-coordinated structural cations. This strong interaction supports the irreversibility of the sorptive process. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Fac Farm, Dept Quim Inorgan, Seville 41012, Spain. CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Cir Rm 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM koskinen@soils.umn.edu NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520309 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 832ZP UT WOS:000222306500009 ER PT J AU McGarvey, JA Wagner, D Bermudez, LE AF McGarvey, JA Wagner, D Bermudez, LE TI Differential gene expression in mononuclear phagocytes infected with pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacteria SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE expression; genes; macrophages; mycobacteria; uptake ID RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN DIMER; AVIUM INFECTION; TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; COMPLEMENT RECEPTORS; HUMAN MACROPHAGES; APOPTOTIC CELLS; HUMAN MONOCYTES; ACTIVATION; MICE; PHAGOSOME AB The pathogenic mycobacteria are an insidious group of bacterial pathogens that cause the deaths of millions of people every year. One of the reasons these pathogens are so successful is that they are able to invade and replicate within host macrophages, one of the first lines of defence against intruding pathogens. In contrast, non-pathogenic mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium smegmatis are killed rapidly by macrophages. In order to understand better the series of events that allow pathogenic mycobacteria to survive and replicate within macrophages, while the non-pathogenic mycobacteria are killed rapidly, we inoculated the human monocytic cell line U937 with pathogenic (M. tuberculosis and M. avium) and non-pathogenic (M. smegmatis) mycobacteria and monitored the expression of over 3500 genes at 4, 12 and 24 h post-inoculation using a commercially available gene array system. We observed multiple differences in the gene expression patterns of monocytes infected with pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacteria including genes involved in cytokine, lymphokine and chemokine production, adhesion, apoptosis, signal transduction, transcription, protein cleavage, actin polymerization and growth. We also observed differences in gene expression profiles in monocytes infected with M. tuberculosis or M. avium, indicating that there are differences in the host pathogen interactions of mononuclear phagocytes infected with different pathogenic mycobacterial species. These results increase the understanding of the mechanisms used by pathogenic mycobacteria to cause disease, the host response to these organisms, and provide new insights for antimycobacterial intervention strategies. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, USDA, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Res Inst, Kuzell Inst Arthrit & Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Bermudez, LE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, 106 Dryden Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Luiz.Bermudez@oregonstate.edu RI Wagner, Dirk/G-4598-2013; Wagner, Dirk/D-9778-2016 OI Wagner, Dirk/0000-0002-3271-5815 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-43119, R01 AI043199] NR 43 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 136 IS 3 BP 490 EP 500 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02490.x PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 820WP UT WOS:000221420700013 PM 15147351 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Walsh, MK AF Norman, HD Walsh, MK TI Performance of dairy cattle clones and evaluation of their milk composition SO CLONING AND STEM CELLS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Assessment of Food Quality from Cloned Animals CY NOV 21-23, 2003 CL Jouy en Josas, FRANCE SP INRA, OECD ID EMBRYOS; SHEEP; FAT AB Genetic and phenotypic performance of U.S. Holstein embryo-split and nuclear-transfer clones was documented for yield and fitness traits. For cows, mean genetic superiority based on pedigree was 186 kg of milk, 9 kg of fat, and 7 kg of protein for embryo-split clones and 165, 10, and 8 kg, respectively, for nuclear-transfer clones compared with the population for the same birth year; pedigree advantage for male clones generally was slightly greater. Estimates of genetic merit that considered a clone's own performance as well as pedigree merit were slightly lower for embryo-split cows than for their full siblings for yield but not for milk composition (fat and protein percentages), mastitis resistance (somatic cell score), longevity (productive life), or cow fertility (daughter pregnancy rate); no corresponding genetic differences were found for nuclear-transfer cows or for cloned bulls regardless of clone type. For bulls, estimated genetic merit based on daughter yield was more similar for clone pairs with apparent identical genotype than for pairs from the same biotechnology but nonidentical as confirmed by blood typing. Yield deviations were lower for clones than for their full siblings. Milk composition (total solids, fat, fatty acid profile, lactose, and protein) also was compared for nuclear-transfer clones (Brown Swiss, Holstein, and Holstein-Jersey cross) with non-cloned cows and literature values; no differences were found for gross chemical composition of milk. No obvious differences were evident between cloned and non-cloned animals or for the milk that they produced. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, BARC W, Room 306,Bldg 005,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dnorman@aipl.arsusda.gov RI Walsh, Marie/C-2885-2008 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1536-2302 J9 CLONING STEM CELLS JI Cloning Stem Cells PD SUM PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1089/1536230041372346 PG 8 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 836CG UT WOS:000222532200014 PM 15268790 ER PT J AU Morris, DR Lathwell, DJ AF Morris, DR Lathwell, DJ TI Anaerobically digested dairy manure as fertilizer for maize in acid and alkaline soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE acid soil; anaerobic digestion; By-product; dairy manure; maize ID NITROGEN UPTAKE; CORN; YIELD; AMMONIUM AB Anaerobically digested animal manure is a potentially useful by-product from CH4 generation facilities on farm businesses. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted using an acid and alkaline soil to determine the relative effectiveness of anaerobically digested dairy manure compared to undigested dairy manure and inorganic N for increasing maize (Zea mays L.) growth in the early vegetative stage of development. The first experiment compared digested manure with (NH4)(2)SO4 at 0 to 400 mg total N kg(-1) dry soil applied to Mardin (pH 4.9; coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Fragiudepts) or Honeoye (pH 7.2; fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Glossoboric Hapludalfs) soils. In the second experiment, digested manure at 200 mg total N kg(-1) dry soil was applied to the soils and compared with fresh dairy manure, Ca(NO3)(2), NH4NO3, and (NH4)(2)SO4 applied at the same total N rate. Also, an unamended treatment was included. In both experiments, shoot dry wt and total plant N after manure applications were equal or greater than inorganic fertilizer applications across both soil types, and maize yields from digested manure in the acid soil were as good or better than the yields in the alkaline soil. Differences could not be attributed solely to plant available nitrogen (N) (NH4-N+NO3-N) in the soil as there was similar or greater quantities of available N in the inorganic fertilizer treatments as in the digested manure treatment. Anaerobically digested dairy manure appears to be more effective for increased maize growth in early stages of development than inorganic fertilizer N sources if applied to an acid soil rather than to an alkaline soil. C1 ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Soil Crop & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Morris, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 Hwy 441, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM dmorris@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 11-12 BP 1757 EP 1771 DI 10.1081/CSS-120038567 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 831LY UT WOS:000222197100018 ER PT J AU Howard, RW Baker, JE AF Howard, RW Baker, JE TI Stage-specific surface chemicals of Plodia interpunctella: 2-acyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones from larval mandibular glands serve as cuticular lipids SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2-acyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones; chemical ecology; cuticular lipids; desiccation resistance; Lepidoptera; mandibular glands; Pyralidae; waterproofing ID INDIAN-MEAL MOTH; EPHESTIA-KUEHNIELLA ZELLER; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; KAIROMONE COMPONENTS; ANAGASTA-KUEHNIELLA; VENTURIA-CANESCENS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; PARASITIC WASP; ALMOND MOTH; HYDROCARBONS AB Cuticular lipid compositions of all life stages of the stored product moth Plodia interpunctella have been determined. Eggs and adults of R interpunctella have cuticular lipids consisting solely of hydrocarbons. The composition of eggs and adult females is qualitatively nearly identical with ca. 86 hydrocarbons (I I n-alkanes, 39 monomethyl alkanes, 19 dimethyl alkanes, I I trimethyl alkanes and 6 monoenes) except females lack the 2-methyl alkanes found in eggs. Adult males have a hydrocarbon composition qualitatively nearly identical to females with the exception that they lack the monoenes. Larval and pupal cuticular lipids are dominated by a mixture of ca. 20 previously described 2-acyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones, with only minute amounts of n-alkanes on the larvae and pupae. The 2-acyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones are continuously secreted onto their silk webbing and food particles by the paired mandibular glands found in all larvae. Extracts from dissected mandibular glands have a qualitatively identical composition to larval cuticular extracts. The pupal stage (which does not have mandibular glands) is enclosed in a silk cocoon also coated with 2-acyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones laid down while the wandering stage larvae spin the cocoon. The 2-acyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones have physical properties which closely mimic those of cuticular hydrocarbons, including melting point and boiling point range and hydrophobicity. This is the first report of an insect with a life stage that does not use conventional cuticular lipids for conservation of water. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Baker, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM baker@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 38 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 138 IS 2 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.03.008 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 832YO UT WOS:000222303800012 PM 15193275 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MK Pilgrim, KL McKelvey, KS Lindquist, EL Claar, JJ Loch, S Ruggiero, LF AF Schwartz, MK Pilgrim, KL McKelvey, KS Lindquist, EL Claar, JJ Loch, S Ruggiero, LF TI Hybridization between Canada lynx and bobcats: Genetic results and management implications SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bobcat; DNA; hybridization; Lynx; management; micro satellite; non-invasive genetic sampling ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL; INTROGRESSION; GENOTYPES; HAIR; CANADENSIS; ABUNDANCE; EVOLUTION; HYBRIDS AB Hybridization between taxonomically similar species is an often-overlooked mechanism limiting the recovery of threatened and endangered species. We present molecular genetic data for the first time demonstrating that Canada lynx and bobcats hybridize in the wild. We verify that two microsatellite loci Lc106 and Lc110 have non-overlapping allele ranges between Canada lynx and bobcats, and that three putative lynx from Minnesota contain DNA from both bobcats and lynx. Additionally, we use a published test for the 16S rRNA region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to determine the maternal species; all hybrids had lynx mothers. Fifteen per cent (3/20) of our `putative lynx' samples were hybrids, although these data are not from a representative sampling effort. Hybridization may be an under-appreciated factor limiting the distribution and recovery of lynx. The presence of hybrids is thus a new factor in the population management of both species with potential implications for hunting and trapping of bobcats. C1 USFS, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. USFS, USDA, Super Natl Forest, Duluth, MN 55808 USA. USFS, USDA, No Reg Off, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), USFS, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 38 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 31 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1023/B:COGE.0000031141.47148.8b PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 827VC UT WOS:000221930300006 ER PT J AU Stevens, C Liu, J Khan, VA Lu, JY Kabwe, MK Wilson, CL Igwegbe, ECK Chalutz, E Droby, S AF Stevens, C Liu, J Khan, VA Lu, JY Kabwe, MK Wilson, CL Igwegbe, ECK Chalutz, E Droby, S TI The effects of low-dose ultraviolet light-C treatment on polygalacturonase activity, delay ripening and Rhizopus soft rot development of tomatoes SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE tomato; hormesis; induced resistance; Rhizopus soft rot AB Low-dose application of hormetic (adj. of hormetin, the agent of hormesis e.g. UV-C) ultraviolet light-C (UV-C) to 'Better Boy' and 'Floradade' tomatoes at maturity resulted in fruits that were significantly, firmer than non-irradiated control fruits at the same stage of maturity. As, firmness increased following UV-C treatment, polygalacturonase (PG) activity decreased. The enzyme activity was lower for UV-C treated fruits than the control. The PG activity in crude extract from decayed tomato tissue infected with Rhizopons stolonifer was lower than non-decayed fruits. UV-C treated tomatoes showed a 40% reduction in PG activity in decayed tissue compared to the control at 72 h after treatment. The lesion diameter, and percent infection of non-treated and UV-C treated tomatoes at 72 h after treatment, was 13.4 mm (100% infection), and 5.3 mm (47% infection), respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tuskegee Univ, George Washington Ctr, Agr Expt Stn, Tuskegee Inst, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. USDA ARS, NAA, Appalachian Fruit & Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Tuskegee Univ, George Washington Ctr, Agr Expt Stn, Tuskegee Inst, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM cstevens@tusk.edu NR 16 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 6 BP 551 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2003.10.007 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 817CY UT WOS:000221156800010 ER PT J AU Walters, C Wheeler, L Stanwood, PC AF Walters, C Wheeler, L Stanwood, PC TI Longevity of cryogenically stored seeds SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aqueous glass; Cryopreservation; desiccation; genebank; Lactuca sativa; longevity; Kauzmann temperature; seeds; storage; water content ID MOLECULAR MOBILITY; LIQUID-NITROGEN; MOUSE EMBRYOS; RED-CELLS; STORAGE; VIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; CRYOPRESERVATION; POLLEN; CRYOSTORAGE AB Though cryogenic storage is presumed to provide nearly infinite longevity to cells, the actual shelf life achieved under ultra-cold temperatures has not been addressed theoretically or empirically. Here, we report measurable changes in germination of dried seeds stored under liquid nitrogen conditions for >10 years. There was considerable variability in the extent of deterioration among species and accessions within a species. Aging time courses for lettuce seeds stored at temperatures between 50 and -196 degreesC were fit to a form of the Avrami equation to determine rate coefficients and predict half-life of accessions. A reduction in the temperature dependency on aging rate, determined as a break in the Arrhenius plot, occurred at about -15 degreesC, and this resulted in faster deterioration than anticipated from extrapolation of kinetics measured at higher temperatures. The break in Arrhenius behavior occurred at temperatures in between the glass transition temperature (28 degreesC) and the Kauzmann temperature (-42 degreesC) and also coincided with a major triacylglycerol phase change (-40 to -7 degreesC). In spite of the faster than anticipated deterioration, cryogenic storage clearly prolonged shelf life of lettuce seeds with half-lives projected as similar to500 and similar to3400 years for fresh lettuce seeds stored in the vapor and liquid phases of liquid nitrogen, respectively. The benefit of low temperature storage (-18 or -135 degreesC) on seed longevity was progressively lost if seeds were first stored at 5 degreesC. Collectively, these results demonstrate that lowering storage temperature progressively increases longevity of seeds. However, cryogenic temperatures were not sufficient to stop deterioration, especially if initial stages of aging were allowed to progress at higher storage temperatures. This work contributes to reliable assessments of the potential benefit and cost of different genebanking strategies. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 So Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM chrisv@lamar.colostate.edu NR 43 TC 114 Z9 126 U1 4 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3 BP 229 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2004.01.007 PG 16 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 826RR UT WOS:000221846700002 PM 15157772 ER PT J AU Techen, N Crockett, SL Khan, IA Scheffler, BE AF Techen, N Crockett, SL Khan, IA Scheffler, BE TI Authentication of medicinal plants using molecular biology techniques to compliment conventional methods SO CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE DNA; RAPD; ISSR; AFLP; chemical profiling; voucher specimens ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; GENOMIC DNA; PCR; REPRODUCIBILITY; POLYSACCHARIDES; SAMPLES; RAPD; LABORATORIES; INHIBITION; REGION AB Medicinal plants have become extremely popular in the United States as botanical supplements, herbal medicines and sources of lead compounds for pharmaceutical development. It is estimated that in 1997 Americans used or consumed $5.1 billon dollars worth of herbal medicines. For the protection of consumers, authentication of medicinal plants is a critical issue. Ideally, authentication should occur from the harvesting of the plant material to the final product. Unfortunately there is no single or superior method to assure 100 percent authentication during the entire process, but the goal can be achieved through the application of a variety of different methodologies. The whole process starts with good voucher specimens that act as reference material and to prove chain of custody. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations can be used as rapid and inexpensive identification techniques. Chemical analysis is by far the best method for the detection of contaminants and can be an excellent method for plant identification. Each of these methodologies has limitations and more analytical methods are needed to assist in the authentication process. Molecular biology offers an assortment of techniques that can be very useful for authentication of medicinal plants. This review covers various aspects of authentication methods, with special emphasis on molecular biology techniques. C1 Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Scheffler, BE (reprint author), USDA ARS CGRU, MSA Genome Lab, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bscheffler@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 40 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-8673 J9 CURR MED CHEM JI Curr. Med. Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1391 EP 1401 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 822XP UT WOS:000221574400004 PM 15180573 ER PT J AU Huber, SC Hardin, SC AF Huber, SC Hardin, SC TI Numerous posttranslational modifications provide opportunities for the intricate regulation of metabolic enzymes at multiple levels SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; REDOX-MODIFICATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; POTATO-TUBERS; IN-VIVO; PHOSPHORYLATION; ARABIDOPSIS; THIOREDOXIN AB The metabolic plasticity displayed by plants during normal development, and in response to environmental fluctuations and stressors, is essential for their growth and survival. The capacity to regulate metabolic enzymes intricately arises in part from posttranslational modifications that can affect enzymatic activity, intracellular localization, protein-protein interactions, and stability. Protein phosphorylation and thiol/disulfide redox modulation are important modifications, in plants, and it is likely that O-glycosylation and S-nitrosylation will also emerge as important mechanisms. Recent advances in the field of proteomics, in particular the development of novel and specific chemistries for the detection of a diverse number of modifications, are rapidly expanding our awareness of possible modifications and our understanding of the enzymes whose functions are likely to be regulated posttranslationally. C1 USDA ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@life.uiuc.edu NR 36 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP 318 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2004.03.002 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 822XK UT WOS:000221573800012 PM 15134753 ER PT J AU Dunk, JR Zielinski, WJ Preisler, HK AF Dunk, JR Zielinski, WJ Preisler, HK TI Predicting the occurrence of rare mollusks in northern California forests SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ancotrema; California; forest; generalized additive model; geographic range; habitat association; Helminthoglypta; mollusk; Monadenia; Northwest Forest Plan; predictive model ID TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS; ARIOLIMAX-COLUMBIANUS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT; PULMONATA; ECOLOGY; HISTORY; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Terrestrial mollusks are important components of forest ecosystems, yet we know very little about the distribution and habitat of many of these species. We sampled for terrestrial mollusks in northern California with the goal of estimating the geographic ranges and developing predictive habitat models for five species that were assumed to be sensitive to land management activities. The species of interest were Ancotrema voyanum, Helminthoglypta talmadgei, Monadenia churchi, Monadenia fidelis klamathica, and M. f ochromphalus. We randomly selected 308 plots for sampling from a grid of points across a 2.2 million-ha study area. We used Generalized Additive Models to estimate each mollusk's geographic range and to develop predictive habitat models within their ranges. Models were developed at one microscale (1 ha), and six mesoscales (ranging from 12.5 to 1250 ha) using vegetation, physical, climatic, and spatial location covariates. Estimated geographic ranges varied from 4770 to 15 795 km(2). Predictive habitat models explained from 40.8% to 94.5% of the deviance in models describing the species' occurrences. Models at the 1-ha scale were generally better than models at larger spatial scales. Of the six mesoscales evaluated, the "best" models were often at very large scales. Spatial location and climatic variables contributed significantly to the predictions of occurrence for most species. Models for species with small geographic ranges generally appeared to be better than models for species with larger geographic ranges, possibly reflecting more restricted environmental conditions. Cross-validation results, however, showed that models for species with more locations were more stable. A. voyanum was more frequently associated with late-successional forests and M. churchi was found to be a habitat generalist. The remaining three species were not detected enough for us to make strong conclusions about their habitat associations. Our results provide important guidance to land managers who are responsible for determining the necessity for surveys and protective measures for these and other terrestrial mollusk species prior to land management activities. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Dunk, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, USDA, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM idunk@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 713 EP 729 DI 10.1890/02-5322 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831DS UT WOS:000222174000008 ER PT J AU Riggan, PJ Tissell, RG Lockwood, RN Brass, JA Pereira, JAR Miranda, HS Miranda, AC Campos, T Higgins, R AF Riggan, PJ Tissell, RG Lockwood, RN Brass, JA Pereira, JAR Miranda, HS Miranda, AC Campos, T Higgins, R TI Remote measurement of energy and carbon flux from wildfires in Brazil SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon flux; Cerrado; extended-dynamic-range imaging spectrometer; fire temperature; heat flux; infrared imaging; radiant flux density; remote sensing; slash fire; tropical forest; tropical savanna; wildfire ID FIRE AB Temperature, intensity, spread, and dimensions of fires burning in tropical savanna and slashed tropical forest in central Brazil were measured for the first time by remote sensing with an infrared imaging spectrometer that was designed to accommodate the high radiances of wildland fires. Furthermore, the first in situ airborne measurements of sensible heat and carbon fluxes in fire plumes were combined with remote measurements of flame properties to provide consistent remote-sensing-based estimators of these fluxes. These estimators provide a means to determine rates of fuel consumption and carbon emission to the atmosphere by wildland fires as required for assessments of fire impacts on regional air pollution or global emissions of greenhouse gases. Observed fires developed complex fire-line geometry and thermal structure, even as average whole-fire temperatures varied little. Flame temperatures sometimes exceeded 1600 K along the leading edge of actively spreading fire lines, yet >90% of the radiant energy from observed fires was associated with temperatures of 830-1440 K. Fire in a partially slashed forest encompassed a high-intensity flaming front and a trailing reach of residual combustion extending 400 m. Fire fronts in tropical savanna typically formed with little depth and a high proportion of their radiant flux density associated with high temperatures due to low levels of residual combustion. Measured fires had such low and variable radiance compared with that of a blackbody of comparable temperature as to preclude the use of fire radiance at a single wavelength as a measure of fire intensity or temperature. One-half of the radiant flux density from a measured savanna fire was associated with values of a combined emissivity-fractional-area parameter <0.091 m(2)/m(2); for a slash fire this fraction was associated with values <0.37 m(2)/m(2). Observations reported here show wildland fires to be so complex and dynamic as to require frequent high-resolution measurements over their course and duration in order to specify their effects in the environment; an understanding of global fire impacts may require such measurements over a large sample of individual fires. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Inst Brasileiro Meio Ambiente & Recurosos Nat Rec, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Simco Elect Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Riggan, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM priggan@fs.fed.us RI Miranda, Heloisa/H-7833-2015 NR 21 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 855 EP 872 DI 10.1890/02-5162 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831DS UT WOS:000222174000018 ER PT J AU Kerns, BK Ohmann, JL AF Kerns, BK Ohmann, JL TI Evaluation and prediction of shrub cover in coastal Oregon forests (USA) SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE forest understory; linear regression; Pacific northwest; predictive models; regression trees; shrubs ID WESTERN CASCADE RANGE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; MANAGED FORESTS; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; CANOPY COVER; BIOMASS; GROWTH; COMMUNITIES AB We used data from regional forest inventories and research programs, coupled with mapped climatic and topographic information, to explore relationships and develop multiple linear regression (MLR) and regression tree models for total and deciduous shrub cover in the Oregon coastal province. Results from both types of models indicate that forest structure variables were most important for explaining both total and deciduous shrub cover. Four relationships were noted: (1) shrub cover was negatively associated with Tsuga heterophylia basal area and density of shade-tolerant trees; (2) shrub cover was negatively associated with variables that characteristically peak during stem exclusion and mid-succession; (3) shrub cover was positively associated with variables that characterize later successional stages; and (4) higher total and especially deciduous shrub cover were positively associated with hardwood stands. Environmental variables were more important for explaining deciduous shrub cover compared to total shrub cover, but they have an indirect effect on total shrub cover by influencing tree composition. However, because of land ownership patterns, it was difficult to decouple environmental from disturbance factors associated with management strategies across multiple ownerships. Tree models performed similarly (PRD = 0.17-0.27) or better compared to MLR models (PRD = 0.17-0.23) although they contained more (2) predictor variables. Our results indicate that response variable transformation can greatly improve regression tree model performance. While interpretation of MLR and tree models were somewhat similar, the tree models allowed a more explicit understanding of relationships and provided thresholds for anticipating shifts in shrub cover. Such thresholds are useful to forest managers who are monitoring and evaluating critical amounts of shrub cover necessary for different ecosystem components such as bird habitat. Lack of strong predictive power in both types of models may be because many common shrubs can persist and maintain consistent cover under a variety of stand and environmental conditions or there may be a lag time between disturbance events and shrub response. The stochastic nature of disturbance and their interactions with site conditions also makes prediction at this scale in this highly managed landscape inherently problematic. Yet, our models provide both a predictive and conceptual tool for understanding shrub cover patterns across the region. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kerns, BK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bkerns@fs.fed.us NR 69 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 83 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2003.12.002 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856EX UT WOS:000224029600001 ER PT J AU Hart, ZH Halfacre, AC Burke, MK AF Hart, ZH Halfacre, AC Burke, MK TI Community participation in preservation of lowcountry South Carolina sweetgrass (Muhlenbergia filipes [M.A. Curtis] J. Pinson and W. Batson) basketry SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE conservation; Muhlenbergia filipes; non-timber forest resource; South Carolina; sweetgrass basketry AB Sweetgrass (Muhlenbergia filipes [M. A. Curtis] J. Pinson and W. Batson) is a coastal, nontimber forest resource ranging from North Carolina southwestward to Texas. The plant has special cultural and economic importance in coastal South Carolina, where the local Gullah community uses this resource in a form of coiled basketry. The plant is becoming increasingly unavailable to basket makers, however, because of habitat destruction, habitat limitation, and private ownership of the resource. This study examines stakeholder involvement in and perceptions of past and current sweetgrass management. Twenty-three interviews were conducted with Charleston, South Carolina area basket makers and were analyzed for emergent themes using content analysis, a technique permitting objective analysis of text. Survey respondents identified residential development as a major cause of sweetgrass inaccessibility and indicated that purchasing raw materials has become standard practice. Furthermore, respondents indicated several potential solutions to the problem and expressed their willingness to contribute time to management efforts. C1 Coll Charleston, Environm Studies Program, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Polit Sci, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Hart, ZH (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Environm Studies Program, 66 George St, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0161:CPIPOL]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 831DK UT WOS:000222173100002 ER PT J AU Groffman, PM Law, NL Belt, KT Band, LE Fisher, GT AF Groffman, PM Law, NL Belt, KT Band, LE Fisher, GT TI Nitrogen fluxes and retention in urban watershed ecosystems SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; nitrate; watershed; urban; mass balance; long-term ecological research ID LAND-USE; UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; ORGANIC NITROGEN; NUTRIENT; STREAMS; URBANIZATION; MANAGEMENT AB Although the watershed approach has long been used to study whole-ecosystem function, it has seldom been applied to study human-dominated systems, especially those dominated by urban and suburban land uses. Here we present 3 years of data on nitrogen (N) losses from one completely forested, one agricultural, and six urban/suburban watersheds, and input-output N budgets for suburban, forested, and agricultural watersheds. The work is a product of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, a long-term study of urban and suburban ecosystems, and a component of the US National Science Foundation's long-term ecological research (LTER) network. As expected, urban and suburban watersheds had much higher N losses than did the completely forested watershed, with N yields ranging from 2.9 to 7.9 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) in the urban and suburban watersheds compared with less than 1 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) in the completely forested watershed. Yields from urban and suburban watersheds were lower than those from an agricultural watershed (13-19.8 kg N ha(-1) y(-1)). Retention of N in the suburban watershed was surprisingly high, 75% of inputs, which were dominated by home lawn fertilizer (14.4 kg N ha(-1) y(-1)) and atmospheric deposition (11.2 kg N ha(-1) y(-1)). Detailed analysis of mechanisms of N retention, which must occur in the significant amounts of pervious surface present in urban and suburban watersheds, and which include storage in soils and vegetation and gaseous loss, is clearly warranted. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Urban Forestry Ecol Res Unit, NE USDA Forest Serv, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM groffmanp@ecostudies.org NR 68 TC 234 Z9 249 U1 10 U2 133 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 4 BP 393 EP 403 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-0039-x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 833EM UT WOS:000222319200008 ER PT J AU Ellsbury, MM Lee, RE AF Ellsbury, MM Lee, RE TI Supercooling and cold-hardiness in eggs of western and northern corn rootworms SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE winter survival; diapause; supercooling; cold-hardiness; Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae ID CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; DIABROTICA; SURVIVAL; HATCH AB Oviposition by northern corn rootworms, Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence, and western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), key pests of corn in the Great Plains of the USA, occurs in the soil during late summer. Overwintering eggs are exposed to variable soil moisture and temperatures below -5 degreesC. The winter mortality of eggs in the soil is a primary factor that determines the potential for larval injury to corn the following spring. Our studies aimed to determine the comparative supercooling capacities of northern and western corn rootworm eggs and to assess egg mortality following brief exposure to extreme low temperature, ranging from -12.0 to -21.5 degreesC, under three moisture regimes. Eggs of northern corn rootworm were supercooled to a temperature as low as -27 degreesC, and survived supercooling to a greater extent than did western corn rootworm eggs. Moisture treatment prior to supercooling had little effect on northern corn rootworm eggs. Western corn rootworm eggs were more resistant than northern corn rootworm eggs to the effects of desiccation followed by supercooling. The survival of northern corn rootworm eggs was better than western corn rootworms under dry conditions, followed by exposure to temperatures of -12.0 and -17.5 degreesC, but was very low at -21.5 degreesC, regardless of the moisture regime. The results suggest that moisture and temperature may interact in the soil environment to determine the overwintering survival of corn rootworms. It is evident from these studies that both rootworm species experience mortality at temperatures well above the supercooling points of the eggs, but that differences exist in the effects of substrate moisture treatments on the cold-hardiness of eggs from the two species. C1 USDA ARS, NPA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Ellsbury, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM mellsbur@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 111 IS 3 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1111/j.0013-8703.2004.00163.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 825EO UT WOS:000221739000001 ER PT J AU Gregory, PG Rinderer, TE AF Gregory, PG Rinderer, TE TI Non-destructive sources of DNA used to genotype honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; breeding; Chelex; DNA extraction; genetic analysis; marker-assisted selection; PCR; Hymenoptera; Apidae ID FORAGING BEHAVIOR; SEX LOCUS; (APIS-MELLIFERA)/; MICROSATELLITE; L. AB We describe a method for genotyping honey bee queens Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), using biological materials that are normally cast off during development (larval and pupal exuviae), or can be removed without apparent damage to queen longevity or acceptability to workers (wing clippings). Highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were successfully amplified from DNA from all of these sources, although with differing degrees of success. DNA was extracted using a simple Chelex 100(R) boiling procedure. Four microsatellite primers were used to amplify the DNA, and the PCR products were visualized on an ALFexpress Automated Sequencer. Genotypes created from these sources were consistent with those originating from tarsal tissue. Successful retrieval and amplification of DNA from the exuviae from immature queens allows potential breeding individuals to be genotyped and selected before they become adults. This procedure may therefore have value as DNA marker-assisted breeding programs are developed for honey bees. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Gregory, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM pgregory@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 111 IS 3 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1111/j.0013-8703.2004.00164.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 825EO UT WOS:000221739000003 ER PT J AU Gotoh, T Schaefer, PW Doi, N AF Gotoh, T Schaefer, PW Doi, N TI Food plants and life cycle of Lymantria bantaizana Matsumura (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) in northern Honshu, Japan SO ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Juglans; moth emergence; overwintering; seasonal development AB The food plants and life cycle of Lymantria bantaizana were investigated in Iwate Prefecture, northern Honshu, Japan from 2000 to 2002. Eggs laid in July hatched approximately 10 days after oviposition. Hatched larvae fed only on Juglandaceae, Juglans mandsburica var. sachaliensis, J. regia var. orientalis and Pterocarya rhoifolia when reared in the laboratory. In field rearing, the plants of Juglans enabled the moth to complete its life cycle. Differing from all other known Lymantria species in Japan, the moth overwintered not in the egg stage but in the fifth or sixth instar larval stage. Lymantria bantaizana had eight larval instars in both sexes. Moth emergence occurred mostly in July at a field-trapping site in Iwate Prefecture. C1 Tohoku Res Ctr, Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Morioka, Iwate 0200123, Japan. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Lab, Newark, DE USA. RP Gotoh, T (reprint author), Tohoku Res Ctr, Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, 92-95 Aza Nabeyashiki, Morioka, Iwate 0200123, Japan. EM tgotoh@ffpri.affrc.go.jp NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1343-8786 J9 ENTOMOL SCI JI Entomol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 2 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1111/j.1479-8298.2004.00058.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 902KZ UT WOS:000227357300005 ER PT J AU Jasoni, R Kane, C Green, C Peffley, E Tissue, D Thompson, L Payton, P Pare, PW AF Jasoni, R Kane, C Green, C Peffley, E Tissue, D Thompson, L Payton, P Pare, PW TI Altered leaf and root emissions from onion (Allium cepa L.) grown under elevated CO2 conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa L.; carbon dioxide; methyl ketone; onion; 2-tridecanone; 2-undecanone ID TETRANYCHUS-URTICAE; BALANCE HYPOTHESIS; CHEMISTRY; 2-TRIDECANONE; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE; VOLATILES; DEFENSE; TOMATO; WILD AB Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) have been hypothesized to increase photosynthesis rates and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions; however, field measurements from a select group of conifer and angiosperm trees have shown that VOC emissions are in fact not affected or reduced by elevated CO, levels. To broaden the understanding of how different plant species respond to elevated atmospheric [CO2], air-flow-through, glass chambers were designed and utilized to measure photosynthesis and emissions from onion (Allium cepa cv. 'Purplette') under controlled environmental conditions. Here we report on VOC release and root exudation while monitoring photosynthesis from whole plants grown under ambient (400 mumol mol(-1)) and elevated (1000 mumol mol(-1)) [CO2]. A 22% increase in photosynthesis in the elevated CO2 plants and a 17-fold and 38-fold increase in the VOC hydrocarbons 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone, respectively, were observed in 30-day-old onion seedlings compared to plants grown under ambient CO2 conditions. In contrast TOC from root exudates decreased significantly with elevated CO2 conditions. Plants harvested at 30 days had on average over 40% greater biomass when grown at elevated CO2 levels. The demonstration that VOC emissions increase in plants grown under elevated [CO2] and higher photosynthesis rates points to a fundamental difference in how carbon partitioning alters in herbaceous species such as onion versus the previously studied tree species in response to elevated concentration of atmospheric CO2. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Pare, PW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM Paul.Pare@TTU.edu RI Pare, Paul/E-3055-2013; Tissue, David/H-6596-2015 OI Pare, Paul/0000-0003-1644-723X; Tissue, David/0000-0002-8497-2047 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2003.11.006 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 823SB UT WOS:000221632300008 ER PT J AU Qureshi, JA Buschman, LL Ramaswamy, SB Throne, JE Whaley, PM AF Qureshi, JA Buschman, LL Ramaswamy, SB Throne, JE Whaley, PM TI Evaluation of rubidium chloride and cesium chloride incorporated in a meridic diet to mark Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) for dispersal studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE southwestern corn borer; elemental marking; dispersal; Bt maize ID SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER; LOOPER LEPIDOPTERA; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PINK-BOLLWORM; NOCTUIDAE; INSECTS; HEMIPTERA; HOMOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; PREDATOR AB Southwestern corn borers, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, were reared on a control meridic diet and diets that incorporated rubidium chloride (RbCl) or cesium chloride (CsCl) at the rate of 1000 mug/g (1 g/liter of wet diet) to evaluate the effects on biology of D. grandiosella and to determine whether the resulting adults are marked with the rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) physiological markers. The effects of RbCl and CsCl on survival, diet consumption, larval and pupal weight, developmental time, adult deformity, adult longevity, fecundity, and adult dry weight were generally minor and seldom reached statistically significant proportions. Males and females mated successfully when paired in different combinations across treatments. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer and neutron activation analysis were both effective in detecting Rb and Cs in male and female adults reared on RbCl and CsCl diets. Rb and Cs concentrations of males and females reared on RbCl and CsCl diets were above the background levels found in adults reared on the control diet. Rb and Cs can be used as physiological markers to mark D. grandiosella in dispersal experiments. C1 Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. Kansas State Univ, SW Res & Extens Ctr, Garden City, KS 67846 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkg & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Qureshi, JA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, 1232 240th Ave, Hays, KS 67601 USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 487 EP 498 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833DZ UT WOS:000222317900003 ER PT J AU Neven, LG Mantey, KD AF Neven, LG Mantey, KD TI Biology and development of the wild and golden sport of Grapholita prunivora (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tortricidae; Grapholita prunivora; lesser apple worm ID ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH; LESSER APPLEWORM; CODLING MOTH; POMONELLA AB The development of the lesser appleworm, Grapholita prunivora (Walsh), was studied using immature apples as the food source. Degree-hour developmental rates for all life stages were calculated. Developmental rates in degree-hours at 25degreesC for the eggs, four instars, pupae, and adults were 1,503 (4 d), first larval ecdysis 1,109 (3 d posthatch), second larval ecdysis 1,941 (5 d posthatch), third larval ecdysis 3,186 (8 d posthatch), pupation 5,196 (13 d posthatch), and adult 8,925 (22 d posthatch), respectively. It was determined that 8.5degreesC was the lower thermal threshold for development of lesser appleworm eggs. Comparisons of growth, survival, and reproduction were made between two different laboratory populations, the wild type and a golden color sport (strain). C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Neven, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 506 EP 512 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833DZ UT WOS:000222317900005 ER PT J AU Williams, DW Lee, HP Kim, IK AF Williams, DW Lee, HP Kim, IK TI Distribution and abundance of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) in natural Acer stands in South Korea SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; Asian longhorned beetle; Acer mono; invasive species; South Korea ID NEW-YORK; FECUNDITY AB Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Asian longhorned beetle) was found attacking street trees in New York City and Chicago in the 1990s, after its accidental introduction from East Asia, and is currently the subject of a major eradication campaign by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The borer has been a destructive outbreak pest in poplar plantations in China for over 20 yr, but it has been collected only rarely in nearby South Korea. To learn more about the species in natural forest stands, we surveyed nine montane locations across South Korea in 2000 and 2001. The primary hosts of Korean A. glabripennis are Acer mono and A, truncatum, which grow in riparian habitats and rocky ravines. We surveyed two locations in Mt. Sorak National Park intensively, mapping all host trees. Less than 10% of the trees at each site exhibited evidence of beetle damage, and few adult beetles were observed. We hypothesize that the varying dynamics of A. glabripennis populations across its geographical range may be explained by considering it as an "edge specialist," which evolved in riparian habitats. C1 USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Williams, DW (reprint author), Dongguk Univ, Dept Appl Biol, 26,3 Ga Pil Dong, Seoul 100715, South Korea. EM david.w.williains@aphis.usda.gov NR 25 TC 23 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 540 EP 545 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833DZ UT WOS:000222317900010 ER PT J AU French, BW Chandler, LD Ellsbury, MM Fuller, BW West, M AF French, BW Chandler, LD Ellsbury, MM Fuller, BW West, M TI Ground beetle (Coleoptera : Carabidae) assemblages in a transgenic corn-soybean cropping system SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CrylAb; nontarget; predators; crop rotation; canonical correspondence analysis ID ADJACENT WHEAT FIELDS; CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; PITFALL TRAPS; POLYPHAGOUS PREDATORS; HARPALUS-PENSYLVANICUS; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI; NATURAL ENEMIES; IN-FIELD; POPULATIONS AB Ground beetles often prey on crop pests, and their relative abundance and assemblages vary among cropping systems and pest management practices. We used pitfall traps arranged in transects to study ground beetle assemblages in a large field-scale Bt corn-soybean cropping system for 3 yr. The transgenic corn expressed the Cry1Ab protein targeting lepidopteran pests. Three of the 57 ground beetle species collected accounted for 81% of all individuals captured. Six other species accounted for an additional 14% of all beetles captured. Ground beetles were captured equally in cornfields and soybean fields. They also were captured most frequently at field edges, but many were captured within field centers. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to arrange ground beetles along environmental gradients. Years 2001 and 2002 were the primary variables separating assemblages of ground beetles along the first canonical axis. The second canonical axis further separated the 2000 assemblage of ground beetles. With the effects of year and field removed, ground beetles were classified with respect to crop association and distance into the fields along axes 1 and 2 of a partial canonical correspondence analysis. Based on this analysis, ground beetles occupying the Bt cornfields were separated from those occupying soybean fields along the first canonical axis. The second canonical axis separated beetles occupying the field borders from field interiors. Ground beetles ordinating near the center of the axes may represent habitat generalists, and because of their high relative abundances, continuous seasonal activity, predatory nature, and ability to occupy field centers, they could assist in the biological control of agricultural pests. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Area, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP French, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM wfrench@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 554 EP 563 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833DZ UT WOS:000222317900012 ER PT J AU White, WH Reagan, TE Smith, JW Salazar, JA AF White, WH Reagan, TE Smith, JW Salazar, JA TI Refuge releases of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera : braconidae) into the Louisiana sugarcane ecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sugarcane; refuges; Cotesia flavipes; Diatraea saccharalis; sentinel larvae ID DIATRAEA-SACCHARALIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; BORER; HOST AB After 15 failures to establish Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) as a parasitoid of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), in Louisiana sugarcane fields (Saccharum spp.), four release refuges were established as sites for an intensive study of the crop, host, and parasitoid interaction for a full crop cycle. These refuges were maintained with minimal disturbance from June 2001 to June 2002 to encourage the establishment of C. flavipes. Refuges were managed in a manner such that (1) sugarcane borer larvae were abundant, (2) predation of parasitoids by the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), was minimized, (3) host and parasitoid were not exposed to insecticide applications used to control economically damaging sugarcane borer infestations, (4) presence of parasitoids was insured through repeated releases during the growing season, and (5) the sugarcane was not harvested to enhance overwintering opportunities for C. flavipes. C. flavipes was successfully recovered in all established refuges and overwintered in three of the four refuges. However, parasitoids were not collected during May of the following spring. The inability of the parasitoid to use first-generation sugarcane borer larvae seems to be a major limiting factor preventing establishment of C. flavipes in Louisiana sugarcane. In May, the sugarcane stalks have not formed internodes, which may preclude important host finding and host acceptance cues such as frass and silk in the tunnel entrance. Although efforts were made to suppress the red imported fire ant at the study sites, ant predation on C. flavipes was also a major factor limiting establishment. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP White, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM wwbite@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 627 EP 632 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833DZ UT WOS:000222317900019 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG Styer, EL Hamm, JJ AF Tillman, PG Styer, EL Hamm, JJ TI Transmission of Ascovirus from Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) by three parasitoids and effects of virus on survival of parasitoid Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heliothis virescens; ascovirus transmission; Cardiochiles nigriceps; Campoletis sonorensis; Microplitis croceipes ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; TOBACCO BUDWORM; HOST-RANGE; DNA; HISTOPATHOLOGY; MILITARIS; ARMYWORM AB In field crops in the southeastern United States, larvae of Heliothis virescens (F.) are often infected with ascoviruses, especially toward the end of the growing season. Ascoviruses are unusual in that they are difficult to transmit per os, and several studies have provided data indicating that these viruses are vectored mechanically by parasitic wasps during oviposition. In Georgia, three parasitoids commonly parasitize H. virescens larvae: Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron), and Microplitis croceipes (Cresson). In the current study, we investigated the transmission of ascovirus by these parasitoids by using females that were collected in the field or reared in the laboratory. After a single oviposition by C. nigriceps in an H. virescens larva with a 4-d-old ascovirus infection, all subsequent healthy larvae parasitized by this female developed ascovirus infection. After oviposition in an infected larva, examination of C. nigriceps by using transmission electron microscopy showed that ascovirus virions and ascovirus vesicles adhered to the inner surface of the ovipositor. The ovipositor of M. croceipes was shorter than those of C. nigriceps or C-sonorensis, and this was correlated with a lower rate of ascovirus transmission by the former species. Observation of C. nigriceps populations in the field indicates this species survives even when ascovirus prevalence in H. virescens is high. Laboratory studies of this host-parasite-virus system showed C. nigriceps larvae survived infection of their host if parasitoid larvae were at least second instars at the time of infection. If an ascovirus infection in the first H. virescens host was no older 48 h, a C. nigriceps female sometimes did not transmit ascovirus to subsequent hosts. Exposure to environmental conditions of the field decreased the capacity of C. nigriceps to transmit ascovirus, and transmission also decreased over the longevity of female parasitoids. C1 USDA, ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Vet Diagnost & Invest Lab, POB 1389, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 633 EP 643 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833DZ UT WOS:000222317900020 ER PT J AU Williams, DW Li, GH Gao, RT AF Williams, DW Li, GH Gao, RT TI Tracking movements of individual Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) adults: Application of harmonic radar SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; Asian longborned beetle; dispersal; harmonic radar; individual mark-recapture ID CARABIDAE; INSECTS; FIELDS; TAGS AB Movements of 55 Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) adults were monitored on 200 willow trees, Salix babylonica L., at a site approximate to80 km southeast of Beijing, China, for 9-14 d in an individual mark-recapture study using harmonic radar. The average movement distance was approximate to14 m, with many beetles not moving at all and others moving >90 m. The rate of movement averaged almost 3 m per day. Movement patterns differed strikingly between the sexes: males averaged >6 times the total movement distance of females at approximate to2 times their rate. The overall recapture rate in this short-term experiment was 78%, but the radar tags attached to individual beetles often broke or otherwise were rendered undetectable after several days in the field. Currently, the harmonic radar system is useful for tracking beetles and obtaining estimates of their movement rates over short time periods. It will become useful for longer-term studies as more durable tags are developed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Williams, DW (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Detect & Exclus Lab, Bldg 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. EM david.w.williams@aphis.usda.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 644 EP 649 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833DZ UT WOS:000222317900021 ER PT J AU Baez, I Reitz, SE Funderburk, JE AF Baez, I Reitz, SE Funderburk, JE TI Predation by Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera : Anthocoridae) on life stages and species of Frankliniella flower thrips (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) in pepper flowers SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; predator-prey interactions; generalist predators; prey vulnerability ID WITHIN-PLANT DISTRIBUTION; OCCIDENTALIS THYSANOPTERA; TRISTICOLOR HEMIPTERA; PREY PREFERENCE; COTTON; REPRODUCTION; ABUNDANCE; BEETLE AB We compared predation of Orius insidiosus (Say) on adult and second instars of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and on adults of F. occidentalis and F. tritici (Fitch) in arenas with pepper flowers. Also, we compared the dispersal of these thrips in the presence and absence of the predator. For each experiment, two densities of thrips (10 and 20 total thrips) and two time exposures (10 and 34 h) were tested. Second instars were more likely to move from the flower where they were released than were F. occidentalis adults. F. tritici dispersed more than F. occidentalis. The presence of the predator enhanced movement by thrips from flowers in which they were released. Despite differences in prey movement, O. insidiosus successfully preyed on all types of prey that were offered. However, O. insidiosus appeared to deal differently with each type of prey. Predation of both larvae and adults was most likely to occur inside flowers. In trials with adults and second instars of F. occidentalis, larvae were significantly more vulnerable to predation than were adults. F. tritici, the more active species, may have been vulnerable to predation because of higher rates of encounter with the predator; however, O. insidiosus may have had greater attack success against the less active F. occidentalis. The ability of O. insidiosus to prey successfully on different life stages and species of thrips in complex environments indicates that it is an efficient predator of thrips and an important biological control agent. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Baez, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Ctr Biol Control, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. EM ibaez@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 662 EP 670 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833DZ UT WOS:000222317900024 ER PT J AU Clark, TL Hibbard, BE AF Clark, TL Hibbard, BE TI Comparison of nonmaize hosts to support western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) larval biology SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; alternate hosts; resistance management; rootworm ID RESISTANCE; DIABROTICA; MAIZE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS; NEBRASKA; MITOCHONDRIAL; INSECTICIDES; VIRGIFERA; OPHRAELLA AB With the recent commercialization of transgenic rootworm-resistant maize with high levels of antibiosis to larval feeding, the biology of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, on hosts beyond maize, Zea mays L., has become an important topic for which data are limited. Larval survivorship and growth parameters were monitored on the roots of 29 plant species comprised of maize, maize-field weeds, native prairie grasses, forage grasses, and small grain crops. Data on larval recovery and growth (measured as increases in head capsule width and accumulation of dry weight) were recorded at five samplings (6, 10, 14, 20, and 24 d) after initial infestation of the 29 species. Recovery and growth parameters were analyzed for inter- and intraspecific differences within and among sampling dates. Larvae survived at least 6 d after infestation on 27 species and 24 d on 23 plant species. Larval recovery and growth were impacted by both species and time after infestation. Growth and development of larvae were significantly slower on most plant species beyond maize; however, 18 of the species had larvae develop to the second instar, whereas larvae on 14 species developed to the third instar. Adults were recovered from five plant species in addition to maize. Because rootworm-resistant transgenic maize with high levels of antibiosis has become a part of the agroecosystem, weeds in grassy maize fields as well as adjacent forage grass species may become more important in the western corn rootworm life cycle, particularly because genes conferring resistance to postemergent herbicides such as glyphosate are stacked with transgenic rootworm-resistant maize hybrids. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Clark, TL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, 1-87 Agr Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM clarkth@missouri.edu NR 44 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 681 EP 689 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833DZ UT WOS:000222317900026 ER PT J AU Slosser, JE Parajulee, MN Hendrix, DL Henneberry, TJ Pinchak, WE AF Slosser, JE Parajulee, MN Hendrix, DL Henneberry, TJ Pinchak, WE TI Cotton aphid (Homoptera : Aphididae) abundance in relation to cotton leaf sugars SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cotton aphid; Aphis gossypii; cotton; leaf sugars; sucrose; glucose ID GOSSYPII HOMOPTERA; MYZUS-PERSICAE; PLANT-TISSUES; HOLIDIC DIET; AMINO-ACID; GERM-FREE; REPRODUCTION; INSECTICIDES; OUTBREAKS; NITROGEN AB A 4-yr study (1997-2000) was conducted in the northern Texas Rolling Plains to determine whether the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin was associated with changes in nutritional quality (nonstructural carbohydrates, percentage leaf nitrogen and moisture, and total amino acids) of cotton leaves. Another objective was to determine the relationship between nonstructural carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch) in cotton leaves and change in cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, numbers during late summer and on formation of dark-colored morphs. Carbohydrate concentrations, percentage leaf moisture and nitrogen, and total amino acids were not significantly altered in cotton leaves by lambda-cyhalothrin. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, sugar ratio [ (glucose + fructose) / sucrose concentrations ], leaf nitrogen, and moisture were significantly influenced by year and irrigation treatment. Regression analysis indicated that change in aphid numbers was influenced by numbers of aphids per leaf, temperature, leaf moisture and nitrogen, and sugar ratio. A negative linear relationship was observed between change in aphid numbers and sugar ratio; population growth was limited by high levels of glucose and fructose in cotton leaves, especially when temperatures were high and leaf moisture low. Percentage of dark-colored aphids was negatively correlated with temperature and daylength and positively correlated with leaf moisture and nitrogen and the sucrose/glucose ratio. Some of the nutritional and abiotic environmental variables that interact to regulate the occurrence of dark morphs are also interacting with other variables to influence the extent to which the reproductive potential will be expressed. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Slosser, JE (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, POB 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 690 EP 699 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833DZ UT WOS:000222317900027 ER PT J AU Oyediran, IO Hibbard, BE Clark, TL AF Oyediran, IO Hibbard, BE Clark, TL TI Prairie grasses as hosts of the western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prairie grasses; alternate hosts; resistance management; Diabrotica virgifera virgifiera ID TRANSGENIC CORN; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA; DIABROTICA; LARVAE; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; PROTEINS; NEBRASKA; BEETLES; POLLEN AB We evaluated 21 prairie grass species thought to be among those dominant 200 yr ago in the western Great Plains as larval hosts of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Maize, Zea mays L., and sorghum, Sorglunn bicolor L., were included as positive and negative controls. Twenty pots of each test species were planted, and each pot was infested 5 wk later with 20 neonate western corn rootworm larvae. Four pots within each of four replications were randomly assigned a sample date for larval extraction. The remaining pot from each replication was used to monitor adult emergence. At 5,10,15, and 20 d after infestation, pot contents from assigned pots were placed in Tullgren funnels equipped with 60 W-lights for extraction of larvae. The percentage of larvae recovered, larval head capsule width, and adult emergence varied significantly among the grass species. The percentage of larvae recovered from western wheatgrass, Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.); pubescent wheatgrass, Elytrigia intermedia (Host); and side-oats grama, Bouteloua curtipendula Michx., was not significantly different than that from maize when sample dates were combined. The number of adults produced from pubescent wheatgrass was not significantly different than the number produced from maize. The average dry weight and head capsule width of adults produced from grass species were not significantly different than the head capsule widths and dry weights of those adults from maize. Overall, adults were produced from 14 of the 23 species evaluated. The results front this study are discussed in relation to the potential ancestral hosts of western corn rootworm larvae and in relation to resistance management of transgenic maize. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Oyediran, IO (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, 1-87 Ag rBldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 36 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 740 EP 747 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833DZ UT WOS:000222317900032 ER PT J AU Shufran, KA Weathersbee, AA Jones, DB Elliott, NC AF Shufran, KA Weathersbee, AA Jones, DB Elliott, NC TI Genetic similarities among geographic isolates of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera : Aphidiidae) differing in cold temperature tolerances SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parasitoid; aphid; biological control; geographic variation; cold tolerance ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; APHIDIDAE; BRACONIDAE; HOMOPTERA; PHYLOGENY; HYM AB Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) is a solitary endoparasitoid of aphids and is the primary parasitoid attacking cereal aphids in the Great Plains, especially Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). In a previous study, it was found that a Lincoln, NE, isolate of L. testaceipes had a much higher survivorship at cold temperatures than isolates from Stillwater, OK, and Corpus Christi, TX. This suggested that the Nebraska isolate was locally adapted to the northern environment and perhaps genetically divergent from southern populations. We tested for genetic differentiation of the above isolates by sequencing portions of the COI and 16S mtDNA genes. We also examined a Florida isolate reared from Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) and L. fabarum Marshall as an outgroup. The Great Plains isolates (Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) were homogeneous with 0% and 0-0.2% sequence divergence in the COI and 16S gene fragments, respectively. The Florida isolate differed from the Great Plains isolates in nucleotide sequence by 1.4% (COI) and 0.5-0.7% (16S). Phylogenetic analysis placed the Florida isolate of L. testaceipes basal to the Great Plains isolates with L. fabarum, suggesting a possible species complex within L. testaceipes. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Shufran, KA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM kevin.shufran@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 776 EP 778 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833DZ UT WOS:000222317900036 ER PT J AU Wienhold, BJ Andrews, SS Karlen, DL AF Wienhold, BJ Andrews, SS Karlen, DL TI Soil quality: a review of the science and experiences in the USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Review DE grazing; soil assessment; soil function; soil management; soil quality index ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; INDICATORS; TILLAGE; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; FRAMEWORK; ILLINOIS; SYSTEMS; IMPACT AB An increasing human population is placing greater demand on soil resources, and as a result degradation is taking place in many regions of the world. This is critical because soils perform a number of essential processes including supporting food and fiber production, influencing air quality through interaction with the atmosphere, and serving as a medium for storage and purification of water. The soil quality concept was introduced to complement soil science research by making our understanding of soils more complete and helping guide the use and allocation of labor, energy, fiscal, and other inputs as agriculture intensifies and expands to meet increasing world demands. Soil quality thus provides a unifying concept for educating professionals, producers, and the public about the important processes that soils perform. It also provides an assessment tool for evaluating current management practices and comparing alternative management practices. Soil attributes comprising a minimum data set have been identified, and both laboratory and field methods have been developed for measuring them. A soil quality index is being developed to normalize measured soil quality indicator data and generate a numeric value that can be used to compare various management practices or to assess management-induced changes over time. Using previously published data, we evaluated the soil quality index as a tool to assess a wide range of management practices in the Northern Great Plains. The index ranked the treatments: grazed fertilized tame pasture > moderately grazed > ungrazed > heavily grazed > annual cropping with no-tillage > conventionally tilled crop-fallow which agrees with the way they were subjectively ranked in the publications. The soil quality index shows potential for use as a management assessment tool. C1 ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, NRCS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 120 Keim Hall,E Campus ,UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bwienhold1@unl.edu NR 31 TC 57 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD JUN-SEP PY 2004 VL 26 IS 2-3 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1023/B:EGAH.0000039571.59640.3c PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 849PY UT WOS:000223553200001 PM 15499764 ER PT J AU Brazner, JC Tanner, DK Detenbeck, NE Batterman, SL Stark, SL Jagger, LA Snarski, VM AF Brazner, JC Tanner, DK Detenbeck, NE Batterman, SL Stark, SL Jagger, LA Snarski, VM TI Landscape character and fish assemblage structure and function in western Lake Superior streams: General relationships and identification of thresholds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest fragmentation; mature forest cover; watershed storage; wetland cover; hydrogeomorphology; fish assemblages; Lake Superior streams ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; AQUATIC ECOREGIONS; HISTORICAL CHANGES; URBAN-DEVELOPMENT; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; WATER-QUALITY; COHO SALMON AB As part of a comparative watershed project investigating land-cover/land-use disturbance gradients for streams in the western Lake Superior Basin, we examined general relationships between landscape character and fish assemblage structure and function. We also examined the shape of those relationships to identify discontinuity thresholds where small changes in landscape character were associated with marked shifts in the fish assemblages. After completing a geographic analysis of second- and third-order watersheds in the western Lake Superior drainage, we randomly selected 48 streams along mature forest and watershed storage gradients in 2 hydrogeomorphic regions as our study sites. During the summers of 1997 and 1998, we used electrofishing to sample fish assemblages from each stream. Each of the landscape factors was significantly associated with fish assemblage structure and function based on analysis of covariance. Watershed storage was related to the greatest number of fish assemblage characteristics, but hydrogeopmorphic region and mature forest cover were strongly associated as well. The hydrogeomorphic region also mediated relationships between watershed character and fish assemblages. Discontinuity thresholds for our fish assemblages averaged 11% for watershed storage and 50% for watershed mature forest cover based on piecewise regression analysis. Although many of the landscape-fish relationships might have been manifest through effects on in-stream habitat, our results highlight the importance of management and land-use planning decisions at the watershed and landscape scales. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Brazner, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM brazner.john@epa.gov NR 94 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 855 EP 875 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-3031-0 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 848JX UT WOS:000223464700008 PM 15517683 ER PT J AU Kepner, WG Semmens, DJ Bassett, SD Mouat, DA Goodrich, DC AF Kepner, WG Semmens, DJ Bassett, SD Mouat, DA Goodrich, DC TI Scenario analysis for the San Pedro River, analyzing hydrological consequences of a future environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Regional Vulnerability and Assessment - Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Program (reVA-MAIA) CY MAY 13-15, 2003 CL King of Prussia, PA SP US EPA DE alternative futures analysis; hydrologic modeling; watershed assessment; geographic information systems; landscape indicators; landscape characterization; remote sensing; regional vulnerability; San Pedro River AB Studies of future management and policy options based on different assumptions provide a mechanism to examine possible Outcomes and especially their likely benefits and consequences. The San Pedro River in Arizona and Sonora, Mexico is an area that has undergone rapid changes in land use and cover, and subsequently is facing keen environmental crises related to water resources. It is the location of a number of studies that have dealt with change analysis, watershed condition, and most recently, alternative futures analysis. The previous work has dealt primarily with resources of habitat, visual quality, and groundwater related to urban development patterns and preferences. In the present study, previously defined future scenarios, in the form of land-use/land-cover grids, were examined relative to their impact on surface-water conditions (e.g., surface runoff and sediment yield). These hydrological outputs were estimated for the baseline year of 2000 and predicted twenty years in the future as a demonstration of how new geographic information system-based hydrologic modeling tools can be used to evaluate the spatial impacts of urban growth patterns on surface-water hydrology. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Kepner, WG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM kepner.william@epa.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 22 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 1-3 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000016883.10110.15 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 775UE UT WOS:000189078400009 PM 15141450 ER PT J AU Gustafson, DI Carr, KH Green, TR Gustin, C Jones, RL Richards, RP AF Gustafson, DI Carr, KH Green, TR Gustin, C Jones, RL Richards, RP TI Fractal-based scaling and scale-invariant dispersion of peak concentrations of crop protection chemicals in rivers SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WATERS; BEHAVIOR; QUALITY; STREAMS AB A new regulatory approach is needed to characterize peak pesticide concentrations in surface waters over a range of watershed scales. Methods now in common use rely upon idealized edge-of-field scenarios that ignore scaling effects. Although some watershed-scale regulatory models are available, their complexity generally prevents them from being used during the pesticide registration decision process, even though nearly all exposure to both humans and aquatic organisms can occur only at this scale. The theory of fractal geometry offers a simpler method for addressing this regulatory need. Mandelbrot described rivers as "space-filling curves" (Mandelbrot, B. B. The Fractal Geometry of Nature; Freeman: New York, 1983), a class of fractal objects implying two useful properties we exploit in this work. The first is a simple power-law relationship in which log-log plots of maximum daily concentrations as a function of watershed area tend to be linear with a negative slope. We demonstrate that the extrapolation of such plots down to smaller watersheds agrees with edge-of-field concentrations predicted using the Pesticide Root Zone Model, but only when the modeling results are properly adjusted for use intensity within the watershed. We also define a second useful property, "scale-invariant dispersion", in which concentrations are well described by a single analytical solution to the convective-dispersion equation, regardless of scale. Both of these findings make it possible to incorporate the effect of watershed scale directly into regulatory assessments. C1 Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plaine Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Heidelberg Coll, Water & Qual Lab, Tiffin, OH 44883 USA. Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gustafson, DI (reprint author), Monsanto Co, 800 N Lindbergh Blvd, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. EM david.i.gustafson@monsanto.com RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2995 EP 3003 DI 10.1021/es030522p PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 826FR UT WOS:000221815200015 PM 15224727 ER PT J AU Camporeale, G Shubert, EE Sarath, G Cerny, R Zempleni, J AF Camporeale, G Shubert, EE Sarath, G Cerny, R Zempleni, J TI K8 and K12 are biotinylated in human histone H4 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE acetylation; biotin; histone H4; lysine; methylation ID DNA EXCISION REPAIR; NON-ANCHOR RESIDUES; JURKAT CELLS; ACETYLATION; TRANSCRIPTION; DEFICIENCY; PEPTIDES; BINDING AB Folding of DNA into chromatin is mediated by binding to histones such as H4; association of DNA with histones is regulated by covalent histone modi. cations, e. g. acetylation, methylation, and biotinylation. We sought to identify amino-acid residues that are biotinylated in histone H4, and to determine whether acetylation and methylation of histones affect biotinylation. Synthetic peptides spanning fragments of human histone H4 were biotinylated enzymatically using biotinidase. Peptide-bound biotin was probed with streptavidin-peroxidase. Peptides based on the N-terminal sequence of histone H4 were effectively recognized by biotinidase as substrates for biotinylation; in contrast, peptides based on the C-terminal sequences were not biotinylated. Substitution of K8 or K12 with alanine or arginine decreased biotinylation, suggesting that these lysines are targets for biotinylation; K8 and K12 are also known targets for acetylation. Chemical acetylation or methylation of a given lysine decreased subsequent enzymatic biotinylation of neighboring lysines, consistent with cross-talk among histone modi. cations. Substitution of a given lysine ( positive charge) with glutamate ( negative charge) abolished biotinylation of neighboring lysines, providing evidence that the net charge of histones has a role in biotinylation. An antibody was generated that specifically recognized histone H4 biotinylated at K12. This antibody was used to detect biotinylated histone H4 in nuclear extracts from human cells. These studies suggest that K8 and K12 in histone H4 are targets for biotinylation, that acetylation and biotinylation compete for the same binding sites, and that acetylation and methylation of histones affect biotinylation of neighboring lysines. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zempleni, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, 316 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jzempleni2@unl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1P20 RR 16469]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 063945, DK 60447] NR 25 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 271 IS 11 BP 2257 EP 2263 DI 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04167.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 822IV UT WOS:000221533600025 PM 15153116 ER PT J AU Haider, AW Roubenoff, R Wilson, PWF Levy, D D'Agostino, R Silbershatz, H O'Donnell, CI AF Haider, AW Roubenoff, R Wilson, PWF Levy, D D'Agostino, R Silbershatz, H O'Donnell, CI TI Monocyte cytokine production, systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disease in very elderly men and women: The Framingham Heart Study SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE monocyte cytokine; systemic inflammation; cardiovascular disease ID RISK; MECHANISMS AB In very elderly participants of the Framingham Heart Study (mean age 79 years, 276 men and 462 women), interleukin-6 correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha and interieukin-1 production, and CRP were not associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use did not influence cytokine or CRP levels. Further studies are warranted to examine the prognostic implications of CRP and related cytokines for CVD in the elderly. (C) 2004 The European Society of Cardiology. C1 NHLBI, Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Prevent Med & Epidemiol Sect, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med,Cardiol Div, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP O'Donnell, CI (reprint author), NHLBI, Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave,Suite 2, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. EM Chris@fram.nhlbi.nih.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1741-8267 J9 EUR J CARDIOV PREV R JI Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 11 IS 3 BP 214 EP 215 DI 10.1097/01.hjr.0000124212.21584.3c PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 834DP UT WOS:000222392100006 PM 15179102 ER PT J AU Bacon, L Stern, JS Keim, NL Van Loan, MD AF Bacon, L Stern, JS Keim, NL Van Loan, MD TI Low bone mass in premenopausal chronic dieting obese women SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE bone mineral density; obesity; osteoporosis; restrained eating ID WEIGHT-CYCLING HISTORY; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; MINERAL DENSITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-WEIGHT AB Background: Obese premenopausal women are thought to be at low risk for osteoporosis due to increased body weight and effects of estrogen on weight-bearing bone. Objective: To examine the effect of restrained eating on obese women, we examined bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) of the spine and femur in obese women who were restrained eaters, with emphasis on the relationship between BMC and determinants of bone mass, and current eating behaviors, dietary intake, physical activity, and indices of calcium regulation, bone metabolism, stress and inflammation. Design: A total of 78 obese, Caucasian, female, restrained eaters, ages 30 - 45 y, were enrolled in a weight lose program. Height, weight, bone turnover markers, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), cortisol, c-reactive protein (CRP), dietary intake, eating behaviors, physical activity, and BMD and BMC were measured. Setting: This study was conducted at the University of California, in Davis, CA, USA. Results: In all, 31% of women had osteopenia or osteoporosis (OSTEO). In the OSTEO group, 87.5% of women had osteoporosis or osteopenia of the lumbar spine and 12.5% of the women had osteoporosis or osteopenia in femur. A significant positive correlation between BMC and energy expenditure (r = 0.256), and a significant negative correlation between BMC and number of times on a weight loss diet (r = -0.250) and cognitive restraint ( r = -0.239) were observed. No significant differences were observed between OSTEO women and nonosteoporotic women for current eating behaviors, dietary intake, physical activity habits, bone turnover, calcium regulation, stress, or inflammation. Conclusions: Obese restrained eaters are at risk for low bone mass. Prior dieting may be responsible. Chronic dieters should be encouraged to decrease their dietary restraint, develop healthy eating habits and increase physical activity. C1 ARS, USDA, WHNRC, Dept Exercise Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol Clin Nutr & Cardiovasc Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. City Coll San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WHNRC, Dept Exercise Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM MVanLoan@whnrc.usda.gov RI Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012 OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [1R03DK57738-01A1] NR 20 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 58 IS 6 BP 966 EP 971 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601922 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 824DM UT WOS:000221664500016 PM 15164118 ER PT J AU Geiser, DM Jimenez-Gasco, MD Kang, SC Makalowska, I Veeraraghavan, N Ward, TJ Zhang, N Kuldau, GA O'Donnell, K AF Geiser, DM Jimenez-Gasco, MD Kang, SC Makalowska, I Veeraraghavan, N Ward, TJ Zhang, N Kuldau, GA O'Donnell, K TI FUSARIUM-ID v. 1.0: A DNA sequence database for identifying Fusarium SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; Fusarium; translation elongation factor; trichothecene toxin ID SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; ELONGATION FACTOR-1-ALPHA; GENE GENEALOGIES; SP NOV.; FUNGUS; IDENTIFICATION; GRAMINEARUM; NUCLEAR AB One of the greatest impediments to the study of Fusarium has been the incorrect and confused application of species names to toxigenic and pathogenic isolates, owing in large part to intrinsic limitations of morphological species recognition and its application. To address this problem, we have created FUSARIUM-ID v. 1.0, a publicly available database of partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) DNA sequences, presently representing a selected sample of the diversity of the genus diversity, with excellent representation of Type-B trichothecene toxin producers, and the Gibberella fujikuroi, Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani species complexes. Users can generate sequences using primers that are conserved across the genus, and use the sequence as a query to BLAST the database, which can be accessed at http:// fusarium. cbio. psu. edu, or in a phylogenetic analysis. Correct identification of a known species in these groups often can be performed using this gene region alone. This growing database will contain only vouchered sequences attached to publicly available cultures. In the future, FUSARIUM-ID will be expanded to include additional sequences, including multiple sequences from the same species, sequences from new and revised species, and information from additional genes. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Geiser, DM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dgeiser@psu.edu RI Jimenez-Gasco, Maria del Mar/A-9701-2011; Zhang, Ning/K-3046-2012; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 OI Jimenez-Gasco, Maria del Mar/0000-0001-7329-0211; Zhang, Ning/0000-0003-0755-2505; NR 23 TC 392 Z9 442 U1 2 U2 44 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 110 IS 5-6 BP 473 EP 479 DI 10.1023/B:EJPP.0000032386.75915.a0 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 831DG UT WOS:000222172600003 ER PT J AU Smernik, RJ Olk, DC Mahieu, N AF Smernik, RJ Olk, DC Mahieu, N TI Quantitative solid-state C-13 NMR spectroscopy of organic matter fractions in lowland rice soils SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUMIC-ACID FRACTIONS; DE-ASHED SOIL; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECTRA; WOOD AB Spin counting on solid-state C-13 cross-polarization (CP) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of two humic fractions isolated from tropical lowland soils showed that only 32-81% of potential C-13 NMR signal was detected. The observability of C-13 NMR signal (C-obs) was higher in the mobile humic acid (MHA) than in the calcium humate (CaHA) fraction, and increased with increasing intensity of irrigated rice cropping. NMR observability appeared to be related to the nature of the organic carbon, with phenol- and methoxyl-rich samples having the higher values Of C-obs. The Bloch decay (BD) technique provided more quantitatively reliable C-13 NMR spectra, as evidenced by values Of C-obs in the range 91-100% for seven of the eight humic fractions studied. The BD spectra contained considerably more aryl and carbonyl signal, and less O-alkyl and alkyl signal, with the greatest differences between CP and BD spectra observed for the samples with low C-obs(CP). The causes of low CP observability were investigated using the spectral editing technique RESTORE (REstoration of Spectra via T-CH and T One Rho (T-1rhoH) Editing). Rapid T-1rhoH relaxation was found to be primarily responsible for the under-representation of carbonyl carbon, whereas inefficient cross-polarization was primarily responsible for the under-representation of aryl carbon in CP spectra. Proton NMR relaxation rates T-1H and T-1rhoH were found to correlate with other NMR properties and also with cropping management. Non-uniform rates of T-1H relaxation in two of the CaHA fractions enabled the generation of proton spin relaxation editing subspectra. C1 Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia. ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ London, Queen Mary, Dept Chem, London E1 4NS, England. RP Smernik, RJ (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia. EM ronald.smernik@adelaide.edu.au RI Smernik, Ron/H-9905-2013; OI Smernik, Ronald/0000-0001-6033-5855 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-0754 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 55 IS 2 BP 367 EP 379 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00600.x PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 828XS UT WOS:000222007600014 ER PT J AU Dunham, JB Pilliod, DS Young, MK AF Dunham, JB Pilliod, DS Young, MK TI Assessing the consequences of nonnative trout in headwater ecosystems in western North America SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; SIERRA-NEVADA; FRESH-WATER; AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; WILDERNESS LAKES; MOUNTAIN LAKES; ALPINE LAKE AB Intentional introductions of nonnative trout into headwater lakes and streams can have numerous effects on the receiving ecosystems, potentially threatening native species and disrupting key ecological processes. In this perspective, we focus on seven key issues for assessing the biological and economic consequences of nonnative trout in headwater ecosystems: (1) effects of nonnative trout can span multiple biological domains, (2) effects of nonnative trout can extend beyond waters where they are introduced, (3) nonnative trout do not travel alone, (4) not all habitats are equal, (5) ecosystems vary in their resistance and resilience to nonnative trout, (6) prioritization can improve management of nonnative trout, and (7) economic costs of recreational fisheries in headwater ecosystems can be substantial. Assessments that address these issues could provide more effective guidance for determining where recreational fisheries for nonnative trout are justified in headwater ecosystems and where they might be terminated to support other ecosystem values. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Boise, ID USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Boise, ID USA. EM jbdunham@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 6 BP 18 EP + DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2004)29[18:ATCONT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 827IT UT WOS:000221893600006 ER PT J AU Rocha, KL Mangine, T Harris, EJ Lawrence, PO AF Rocha, KL Mangine, T Harris, EJ Lawrence, PO TI Immature stages of Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Braconid wasp; tephritid fruit fly host; egg-pupal parasitoid; biological control AB We describe all immature stages, particularly the previously undescribed instars, of Fopius arisanus (Sonan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an egg-pupal parasitoid of tephritid fruit flies. This is essential for quality control in mass rearing programs and for physiological studies of host-parasite interactions. Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) eggs were parasitized for 24 h and serial collections of hosts were made every 24 h until adults emerged. Immature wasps were dissected from hosts and their mouthhooks and body dimensions measured. Scatter plots of the above measurements and scanning electron microscopy indicated that there are three instars. This contrasts with the four instars previously reported. There appears to be no true fourth instar because the stage immediately following the second instar is indistinguishable from that preceding the prepupal stage. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Agr Res Serv, United States Dept Agr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Rocha, KL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620,Bldg 970,Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 164 EP 168 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0164:ISOFAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833EP UT WOS:000222319500010 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL French, JV AF Meagher, RL French, JV TI Augmentation of parasitoids for biological control of citrus blackfly in southern Texas SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Aleurocanthus woglumi; Amitus hesperidum; Encarsia opulenta; augmentative biological control ID ALEUROCANTHUS-WOGLUMI HOM; ENCARSIA-OPULENTA HYM; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; FLORIDA AB Two parasitoid species, Amitus hesperidum Silvestri and Encarsia opulenta (Silvestri), were released in an augmentative program to control citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, in the citrus growing areas of southern Texas. Releases were made with laboratory-reared and field insectary parasitoids. Six citrus groves were closely monitored, and evaluations made during and after releases suggested that both parasitoid species became reestablished and exerted control over pest populations. Dissection of citrus blackfly immatures led us to suggest that E. opulenta increased in larger numbers than A. hesperidum, and that a stable host-natural enemy relationship became established. C1 USDA ARS CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS CMAVE, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0186:AOPFBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833EP UT WOS:000222319500014 ER PT J AU Hribar, LJ Vlach, JJ DeMay, DJ James, SS Fahey, JS Fussell, EM AF Hribar, LJ Vlach, JJ DeMay, DJ James, SS Fahey, JS Fussell, EM TI Mosquito larvae (Culicidae) and other Diptera associated with containers, storm drains, and sewage treatment plants in the Florida Keys, Monroe County, Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE larvae; larval habitat; medical entomology; mosquito control ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; AEGYPTI; BRAZIL; USA AB We investigated the larval dipteran fauna of artificial and natural containers, sewage treatment plants, and storm drains in the Florida Keys. Mosquitoes collected were Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles crucians, Culex atratus, Cx. nigripalpus, Cx. peccator, Cx. quinque-fasciatus, Deinocerites cancer, Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, and Wyeomyia vanduzeei, as well as an unidentified Culex (Melanoconion) species and an unidentified Anopheles species. Other Diptera collected included a chironomid species in the Chironomus decorus Johannsen group; the filter fly, Clogmia albipunctata; an undescribed psychodid in the genus Austropericoma; a ceratopogonid midge, Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata; and a phorid fly, Megaselia scalaris. C1 Florida Keys Mosquito Control Dist, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. Florida Keys Mosquito Control Dist, Key West, FL 33040 USA. Florida Keys Mosquito Control Dist, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. USDA, Soil Inhabiting Pests Lab, Gulfport, MS 39501 USA. RP Hribar, LJ (reprint author), Florida Keys Mosquito Control Dist, 506 106th St Gulf, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0199:MLCAOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833EP UT WOS:000222319500016 ER PT J AU Amalin, DM Stansly, P Pena, JE AF Amalin, DM Stansly, P Pena, JE TI Effect of Micromite (R) on the egg parasitoids Ceratogramma etiennei (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) and Quadrastichus haitiensis (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; CITRUS; DIFLUBENZURON; FLORIDA C1 IFAS, SFREC, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Amalin, DM (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 222 EP 224 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0222:EOMOTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833EP UT WOS:000222319500019 ER PT J AU Kanga, LHB Jones, WA Humber, RA Boyd, DW AF Kanga, LHB Jones, WA Humber, RA Boyd, DW TI Fungal pathogens of the glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera : Cicadellidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 Florida A&M Univ, CESTA, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Kanga, LHB (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, CESTA, 406 Perry Paige Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0225:FPOTGS]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833EP UT WOS:000222319500020 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ Gould, WP AF Hallman, GJ Gould, WP TI Evaluation of subtropical and tropical fruits as potential hosts for the southern strain of plum curculio (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 241 EP 243 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0241:EOSATF]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833EP UT WOS:000222319500025 ER PT J AU Shaikh, B Rummel, N Smith, D AF Shaikh, B Rummel, N Smith, D TI Determination of C-14 residue in eggs of laying hens administered orally with [C-14] sulfaquinoxaline SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE sulfaquinoxaline; total radioactive residue; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis; eggs; oral dose ID METABOLITES; ALBUMIN; YOLK AB Ten layer hens were dosed for 5 consecutive days with 6.2 mg kg(-1) [C-14] sulfaquinoxaline (SQX). Eggs were collected from the hens during the 5-day dosing period and during a 10-day post-dose withdrawal period. Egg yolk and albumen were separated and assayed for total radioactive residues (TRR) using a combustion oxidizer and liquid scintillation counting techniques. Significant amounts of radioactivity were detected on the second day of dosing (greater than 24 h after the initial dose) in both egg yolk and albumen. First eggs were collected about 8 h after dosing; the second-day eggs were collected during 8-h period after the second dose. Radioactive residues reached a maximum on the fifth day of dosing in albumen, whereas on the second day of withdrawal in egg yolk, the peak TRR levels in albumen were about threefold higher than in yolk. Thereafter, the TRR levels declined rapidly in albumen and were detectable up to withdrawal day 6, whereas the TRR levels in egg yolk declined more slowly and were detectable up to withdrawal day 10. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that the parent drug sulfaquinoxaline was the major component in both the egg albumen and yolk. Additionally, this work suggests that egg yolk is the appropriate matrix for monitoring SQX residues. C1 US FDA, CVM Off Res, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Shaikh, B (reprint author), US FDA, CVM Off Res, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM BSHAIKH@CVM.FDA.GOV NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 6 BP 545 EP 554 DI 10.1080/02652030410001687672 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 826KC UT WOS:000221827000004 PM 15204532 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Lai, LL Blaschek, HP AF Qureshi, N Lai, LL Blaschek, HP TI Scale-up of a high productivity continuous biofilm reactor to produce butanol by adsorbed cells of Clostridium beuerinckii SO FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE acetone-butanol ethanol (ABE) fermentation; cell immobilization; Clostridium beijerinckii BA101; continuous reactor; scale-up; adsorbed cells ID CONTINUOUS SOLVENT PRODUCTION; PACKED-BED REACTOR; WHEY PERMEATE; BEIJERINCKII BA101; IMMOBILIZED CELLS; ABE FERMENTATION; ACETOBUTYLICUM; ADSORPTION; ACETONE; PERVAPORATION AB An immobilized cell reactor for producing acetone butanol ethanol (ABE or solvents) when using Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 demonstrated reactor productivities of 5.99 and 16.13 g l(-1) h(-1) at dilution rates of 0.29, 1.00 and 2.00 h-1, respectively. These dilution rates are based on the total volume of the reactor. The reactor was scaled up successfully as these productivities are close to those achieved in small reactor. Dilution rate based on the void volume increased reactor productivity from 16.13 to 34.76 g l(-1) h(-1). The packed bed reactor blocked after a period of 2302 h of continuous operation due to excessive cell growth. Nutrient limitation was applied as a means of reducing cell growth while keeping the reactor productive; however, this approach was not successful. It was found that most of the cell growth in adsorbed cell bioreactors occurs on the surface of the cell support. The free cell continuous reactor demonstrated much lower reactor productivity. In the immobilized cell reactor only a fraction of the biomass was in the solventogenic state. A significant amount of biomass was present as inactive biomass (spores). It is suggested that sporulation be blocked in C beijerinckii BA101 in order for reactors to be more productive. It is postulated that once such a culture is developed nutrient limitation should be attempted to avoid reactor blockage due to excessive cell growth. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Illinois, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM qureshin@ncaur.usda.gov NR 22 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 19 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA 165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND SN 0960-3085 J9 FOOD BIOPROD PROCESS JI Food Bioprod. Process. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 82 IS C2 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1205/0960308041614891 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 835NG UT WOS:000222489800009 ER PT J AU Schroeder, CM White, DG Meng, JH AF Schroeder, CM White, DG Meng, JH TI Retail meat and poultry as a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Escherichia coli; antibiotic resistance; retail meat; poultry; antimicrobial ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; FOOD ANIMALS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; GROUND-BEEF; O157-H7; INFECTIONS; SALMONELLA; EMERGENCE; HUMANS AB The purpose of this review article is to summarize steadily accruing evidence from around the world which indicate retail meat and poultry are a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli. The majority of E coli recovered from retail meat and poultry have been found resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and an increasing proportion have been found resistant to clinically important, frontline antimicrobials, including trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalos-porins. Continued surveillance throughout the food production continuum is needed to detect emerging resistance phenotypes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20301 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Schroeder, CM (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sic, Risk Assessment Div,Aerosp Ctr, Mail Drop 334,1400 Independence Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM carl.schroeder@fsis.usda.gov NR 57 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0740-0020(03)00074-1 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 809IE UT WOS:000220629600001 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, AA Saftner, RA Abbott, JA AF Bhagwat, AA Saftner, RA Abbott, JA TI Evaluation of wash treatments for survival of foodborne pathogens and maintenance of quality characteristics of fresh-cut apple slices SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial food safety; minimally processed produce; ready-to-eat fruit; antibrowning; consumer evaluation ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PRESSURE INFILTRATION; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; ENTERIC BACTERIA; ACID CHALLENGE; PRODUCE; PREVALENCE; OUTBREAK; STRESS; RESISTANCE AB A commercial and three experimental wash treatments for fresh-cut apple slices were evaluated for their ability to affect survival of foodborne pathogens and to maintain quality characteristics measured instrumentally and by sensory analysis. For each apple variety (Fuji and Granny, Smith), instrumental firmness, cut surface color, and sensory scores for firmness and flavor of fresh-cut apple slices treated with the commercial and experimental wash solutions were similarly maintained during storage (6 days at 5degreesC). Prior to their use with apple slices, all three experimental wash solutions reduced the survival of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium and Vibrio cholera by 5 logs or more and the experimental solution at pH 2.0 also reduced survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri by at least 5 logs, whereas the commercial wash solution had antibacterial activity only against V. cholera. During treatment of apple slices, the wash solutions changed compositionally over time as indicated by a decrease in conductivity, increases in soluble solids content and osmolality, and changes in pH; and they lost their antibacterial activity. Keeping microbial safety in view, wash solutions should not be reused on multiple batches of sliced apples. Instead, alternative washing strategies that maintain the antimicrobial properties of the wash solutions need to be developed for fresh-cut apple slices. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002,Room 117,BARCW, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2003.08.001 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 809IE UT WOS:000220629600010 ER PT J AU Mazurek, MJ Zielinski, WJ AF Mazurek, MJ Zielinski, WJ TI Individual legacy trees influence vertebrate wildlife diversity in commercial forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; legacy tree; biological legacy; forest management; managed forests; Northwestern California; redwood; Sequoia sempervirens; basal hollows; wildlife communities; bats; small mammals; birds ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; SMALL MAMMALS; OLD-GROWTH; BIRD COMMUNITIES; RESIDUAL TREES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; REDWOOD STANDS; SIERRA-NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; MANAGEMENT AB Old-growth forests provide important habitat elements for many species of wildlife. These forests, however, are rare where lands are managed for timber. In commercial forests, large and old trees sometimes exist only as widely-dispersed residual or legacy trees. Legacy trees are old trees that have been spared during harvest or have survived stand-replacing natural disturbances. The value of individual legacy trees to wildlife has received little attention by land managers or researchers within the coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) region where 95% of the landscape is intensively managed for timber production. We investigated the use of individual legacy old-growth redwood trees by wildlife and compared this use to randomly selected commercially-mature trees. At each legacy/control tree pair we sampled for bats using electronic bat detectors, for small mammals using live traps, for large mammals using remote sensor cameras, and for birds using time-constrained observation surveys. Legacy old-growth trees containing basal hollows were equipped with 'guano traps'; monthly guano weight was used as an index of roosting by bats. The diversity and richness of wildlife species recorded at legacy trees was significantly greater than at control trees (Shannon index = 2.81 versus 2.32; species = 38 versus 24, respectively). The index of bat activity and the number of birds observed was significantly greater at legacy trees compared to control trees. We found no statistical differences between legacy and control trees in the numbers of small mammals captured or in the number of species photographed using remote cameras. Every basal hollow contained bat guano and genetic methods confirmed use by four species of bats. Vaux's swifts (Chaetura vauxi), pygmy nuthatches (Sitta pygmaea), violet-green swallows (Tachycineta thalassina), and the long-legged myotis (Myotis volans) reproduced in legacy trees. As measured by species richness, species diversity, and use by a number of different taxa, legacy trees appear to add significant habitat value to managed redwood forests. This value probably is related to the structural complexity offered by legacy trees. The presence of a basal hollow, which only occur in legacy trees, was the feature that appeared to add the greatest habitat value to legacy trees and, therefore, to commercial forest stands. The results of our study call for an appreciation for particular individual trees as habitat for wildlife in managed stands. This is a spatial resolution of analysis that, heretofore, has not been expected of managers. The cumulative effects of the retention of legacy trees in commercial forest lands could yield important benefits to vertebrate wildlife that are associated with biological legacies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM mmazurek@fs.fed.us NR 69 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 7 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 193 IS 3 BP 321 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.013 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 823EO UT WOS:000221592700003 ER PT J AU Fan, ZF Shifley, SR Thompson, FR Larsen, DR AF Fan, ZF Shifley, SR Thompson, FR Larsen, DR TI Simulated cavity tree dynamics under alternative timber harvest regimes SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cavity tree density; LANDIS; timber harvest; even-aged management; uneven-aged management; Missouri; Ozarks ID NESTING BIRDS; DOUGLAS-FIR; OLD-GROWTH; FORESTS; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; MISSOURI; HABITAT; OREGON AB We modeled cavity tree abundance on a landscape as a function of forest stand age classes and as a function of aggregate stand size classes. We explored the impact of five timber harvest regimes on cavity tree abundance on a 3261 ha landscape in southeast Missouri. USA, by linking the stand level cavity tree distribution model to the landscape age structure simulated by the LANDIS model. Over 100 years, mean cavity tree density increased constantly under all timber harvest regimes except for even-aged intensive management. This was due in large part to the continued maturation of the numerous stands that were >70 years old at the start of the simulations. However, compared to the no harvest (control) regime, the uneven-aged, the mixed, the even-aged Iona rotation, and the even-aged intensive harvest regimes reduced the cavity tree density by 9-11, 11-13, 15-18, and 28-34%, respectively, as more old stands were cut. Forest managers and planners can use this information to evaluate the practical consequences of alternative timber harvest regimes and consider the need for activities such as cavity tree retention. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Shifley, SR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 202 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sshifley@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 193 IS 3 BP 399 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.008 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 823EO UT WOS:000221592700009 ER PT J AU Eastin, I Roos, JA Boardman, P AF Eastin, I Roos, JA Boardman, P TI A technical assessment of the market for wood windows in Japanese post and beam construction SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This research was conducted to develop a better understanding of the problems and opportunities confronting U.S. wood windows manufacturers in the post and beam segment of the Japanese residential construction industry. The specific objectives of this research were to: 1) provide a description of the Japanese market for wood windows; 2) survey Japanese builders regarding use and specification of wood windows, both domestic and imported; and 3) recommend strategies for increasing the competitiveness of U.S. wood windows in the Japanese post and beam market. To obtain primary information on the use and perceptions of U.S. wood windows by Japanese post and beam construction professionals, a short survey was administered to 87 Japanese construction professionals. In addition, approximately 50 post and beam construction sites were visited to evaluate window installation techniques, discuss problems associated with using U.S. wood windows in post and beam homes, and identify potential solutions. This research suggests that standard U.S. window sizes can be easily accommodated into the post and beam construction system used in Japan. However, product design and the range of services being offered have a substantial impact on the competitiveness of windows in Japan. U.S. wood window manufacturers should at least consider the following actions to increase the competitiveness of their products in the future: 1) establish training and education programs for Japanese construction professionals; 2) produce and distribute a generic window installation manual in Japanese; 3) translate product and installation information into Japanese; and 4) provide technical support and replacement parts for their windows in Japan. This research clearly shows that with a well developed strategy, U.S. wood window manufacturers can be competitive in the Japanese post and beam construction market. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Ctr Int Trade Forest Prod, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Sitka Wood Utilizat Ctr, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. RP Eastin, I (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Ctr Int Trade Forest Prod, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 6 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 830TI UT WOS:000222145800005 ER PT J AU Lewis, VR Power, AB Haverty, MI AF Lewis, VR Power, AB Haverty, MI TI Surface and subsurface sensor performance in acoustically detecting the western drywood termite in naturally infested boards SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID KALOTERMITIDAE; ISOPTERA; EMISSION; WOOD AB Field-collected boards showing visual signs of damage by the western drywood termite, Incisitermes minor, were searched with a portable acoustic emission (AE) device. Depending on cross-sectional size, boards were either searched with a flat sensor that was hot-melt-glued to the wood surface or a subsurface sensor that was threaded 20 mm into the wood. The number of AE-monitored locations varied with length; however, at least three I-minute AE recordings were collected for each board. In total, 108 boards were treated to control termites with I of 5 different treatment methods. These boards were AE monitored at 3 days, and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-treatment. Thirty-two boards were AE monitored but not treated. Boards were later dissected and live and dead termites were counted. Of the boards searched by AE prior to treatment, 94 percent (102 of 108) contained termites upon dissection. The volume, number of AE monitoring sites, pretreatment AE counts, and number of termites found in boards upon dissection were not significantly different among the five different treatments. Post-treatment AE counts corresponded well with boards containing survivors. Regarding sensor performance, there were no significant differences in AE counts between threaded subsurface and flat surface-attached sensors. Regression analyses revealed a statistically significant correlation between increasing AE counts and termite numbers for boards, although the association was low. Untreated boards that were determined by AE to contain live termites (test for false positives) upon dissection were successfully detected 100 percent (13 total) of the time. Untreated boards, determined by AE to not contain live termites (test for false negatives), were successfully detected 78.9 percent of the time (15 of 19). Comparisons of means suggest AE counts of greater than or equal to4 per minute can detect survivors from failed treatments. Results of this study support the ability and reliability of the AE device to detect live termite infestations in naturally infested boards. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Lewis, VR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Insect Biol, 201 Wellman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 6 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 830TI UT WOS:000222145800010 ER PT J AU Brashaw, BK Wang, XP Ross, RJ Pellerin, RF AF Brashaw, BK Wang, XP Ross, RJ Pellerin, RF TI Relationship between stress wave velocities of green and dry veneer SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD; NDE AB This paper evaluates the relationship between the stress wave velocities of green and dry southern pine and Douglas-fir veneers. A commercial stress wave timer and a laboratory signal analysis system were used to measure the transit time required for an induced stress wave to travel the longitudinal length of each veneer. Stress wave transit times were measured in the veneers in the wet condition and at a dry equilibrated moisture content of approximately 10 percent. A strong linear relationship was found between green and dry stress wave velocity for both southern pine and Douglas-fir veneers. The strength of the relationship was improved significantly when the signal analysis system was used. C1 Univ Minnesota, Wood Mat & Engn Program, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Brashaw, BK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Wood Mat & Engn Program, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 6 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 830TI UT WOS:000222145800014 ER PT J AU Pan, YD Horn, J Jenkins, J Birdsey, R AF Pan, YD Horn, J Jenkins, J Birdsey, R TI Importance of foliar nitrogen concentration to predict forest productivity in the Mid-Atlantic region SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wood production; forest inventory and analysis data (FIA); validation; ecosystem model; PnET-II ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; LEAF NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; CLIMATIC GRADIENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; USE EFFICIENCY; WATER YIELD; WHITE-PINE AB To assess what difference it might make to include spatially defined estimates of foliar nitrogen in the regional application of a forest ecosystem model (PnET-II), we composed model predictions of wood production from extensive ground-based forest inventory analysis data across the Mid-Atlantic region. Spatial variation in foliar N concentration was assigned based on a correlation with mean July temperature for deciduous forests and with latitude for coniferous forests. Although the slight variation observed in foliar IN in conifers had little effect on predicted wood production, large differences in N concentration in deciduous trees increased agreement with field surveys by 12-59% in individual states and by 17% across the region. The validation revealed the need to develop regional foliar N concentration equations that represent the spatial variations of N concentration in deciduous forests to improve PnET-II's predictions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Global Change Res, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Pan, YD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Global Change Res, Newtown Sq Corp Campus,11 Campus Blvd, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM ypan@fs.fed.us RI Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 3 BP 279 EP 289 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 841VN UT WOS:000222959900002 ER PT J AU North, M Chen, JQ Oakley, B Song, B Rudnicki, M Gray, A Innes, J AF North, M Chen, JQ Oakley, B Song, B Rudnicki, M Gray, A Innes, J TI Forest stand structure and pattern of old-growth western hemlock/Douglas-fir and mixed-conifer forests SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spatial pattern; shade tolerance; stand dynamics; Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility; Teakettle Experimental Forest; Ripley's K analysis; forest gaps; canopy cover ID PSEUDOTSUGA-TSUGA FOREST; SPATIAL PATTERNS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; CASCADE RANGE; TREES; DYNAMICS; HEMLOCK; SOIL; GAPS; ENVIRONMENT AB With fire suppression, many western forests are expected to have fewer gaps and higher stem density of shade-tolerant species as light competition becomes a more significant influence on stand pattern and composition. We compared species composition, structure, spatial pattern, and environmental factors such as light and soil moisture between two old-growth forests: Pacific Northwest western hemlock/Douglas-fir at the Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility exhibiting gap-phase replacement and southern Sierra Nevada mixed conifer at the Teakettle Experimental Forest after 135 years without a fire. We hypothesized that fire suppression at Teakettle would create a current tree composition and distribution more like Wind River where light is an important influence on stand dynamics. Wind River has nearly continuous canopy cover and a high foliage volume that severely reduces understory light and stratifies the canopy composition by shade tolerance. Large trees are regularly spaced from 0 to 15 m and shade-tolerant and intolerant species are "repelled." In contrast, Teakettle's canopy cover is discontinuous, foliage volume is one-fifth that of Wind River, and understory light is 15 times higher. Trees at Teakettle are significantly clustered in groups containing a mix of shade-tolerant and -intolerant species, separated by large gaps. Although Teakettle's gaps have higher moisture and a thinner litter layer than tree groups, regeneration in gaps is scarce. Fire suppression has increased stem density at Teakettle but it has not filled in gaps, stratified the canopy by shade tolerance, or produced a composition consistent with patterns at Wind River. Teakettle's distinctly clustered stem distribution may result from a minimum canopy cover threshold needed for tree establishment. If high temperatures produced by direct sunlight inhibit stem patterns, traditional stand management that reduces canopy cover to release regeneration should be applied with caution in the southern Sierra Nevada. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Toledo, Bowman Oddy Lab, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Clemson Univ, Belle W Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Monitoring, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP North, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2121 2nd Ave,Suite A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mnorth@ucdavis.edu; jiquan.chen@utoledo.edu; boakley@u.washington.edu; bosong@clemson.edu; mrudnick@ualberta.ca; agray01@fs.fed.us; jinnes@fs.fed.us RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 62 TC 69 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 3 BP 299 EP 311 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 841VN UT WOS:000222959900004 ER PT J AU Chen, JQ Song, B Rudnicki, M Moeur, M Bible, K North, M Shaw, DC Franklin, JF Braun, DM AF Chen, JQ Song, B Rudnicki, M Moeur, M Bible, K North, M Shaw, DC Franklin, JF Braun, DM TI Spatial relationship of biomass and species distribution in an old-growth Psuedotsuga-Tsuga forest SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spatial pattern analysis; canopies; old-growth; aboveground biomass (AGB); semivariogram; Douglas-fir; WRCCRF ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; CANOPY GAPS; RAIN-FOREST; PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; SCALE; TREES; WASHINGTON AB Old-growth forests are known for their complex and variable structure and function. In a 12-ha plot (300 m x 400 m) of an old-growth Douglas-fir forest within the T. T. Munger Research Natural Area in southern Washington, we mapped and recorded live/dead condition, species, and diameter at breast height to address the following objectives: (1) to quantify the contribution of overstory species to various elements of aboveground biomass (AGB), density, and basal area, (2) to detect and delineate spatial patchiness of AGB using geostatisitcs, and (3) to explore spatial relationships between AGB patch patterns and forest structure and composition. Published biometric equations for the coniferous biome of the region were applied to compute AGB and its components of each individual stem. A program was developed to randomly locate 500 circular plots within the 12-ha plot that sampled the average biomass component of interest on a per hectare basis so that the discrete point patterns of trees were statistically transformed to continuous variables. The forest structure and composition of low, mediate, and high biomass patches were then analyzed. Biomass distribution of the six major species across the stand were clearly different and scale- dependent. The average patch size of the AGB based on semivariance analysis for Tsuga heterophylla, Abies amabilis, A. grandis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, and Taxus brevifolia were 57.3, 81.7, 37, 114.6, 38.7, and 51.8 m, respectively. High biomass patches were characterized by high proportions of T heterophylla and T plicata depending on spatial locations across the stand. Low AGB patches had high densities of A. amabilis and T. brevifolia. We presented several potential mechanisms for relating spatial distribution of species and biomass, including competition, invasion and extinction, disturbance, and stand dynamics. Clearly, future studies should be developed to examine the details of how each process alters the spatial patterns of tree species with sound experimental designs and long-term monitoring processes at multiple scales. C1 Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Clemson Univ, Belle W Baruch Int Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Dept Forest Resources, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. US Forest Serv, Interagcy Monitoring Program, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chen, JQ (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM jiquan.chen@utoledo.edu; bosong@clemson.edu; mark_rudnicki@hotmail.com; mmoeur@fs.fed.us; kbible@u.washington.edu; mpnorth@ucdavis.edu; dshaw@u.washington.edu; jff@u.washington.edu; dbraun@u.washington.edu RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 42 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 3 BP 364 EP 375 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 841VN UT WOS:000222959900009 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE AF Lugo, AE TI The outcome of alien tree invasions in Puerto Rico SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID TROPICAL SECONDARY FORESTS; LAND-USE; ORGANIC-MATTER; REGENERATION; PLANTATIONS; PASTURES; RECOVERY; REFORESTATION; BIODIVERSITY; SUCCESSION AB Invasive alien tree species in Puerto Rico often form monospecific stands on deforested lands that were previously used for agriculture and then abandoned. Most native pioneer species are incapable of colonizing these sites, and thus introduced species have little competition from native trees. Alien trees may dominate sites for 30 to 40 years, but by that time native species begin to appear in the understory. By 60 to 80 years, unique communities comprising both alien and native species are found on these sites. This phenomenon is a response to a change in the disturbance regime of Puerto Rico's landscape, brought about by intensive agricultural land use and abandonment. The invasion of a site and the formation of an alien-dominated forest serve important ecological functions, such as repairing soil structure and fertility, and restoring forest cover and biodiversity at degraded sites. C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, 1201 Calle Ceiba Jardin Botan Sur, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM alugo@fs.fed.us NR 58 TC 109 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 2 IS 5 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.2307/3868267 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855GI UT WOS:000223960800018 ER PT J AU Comas, LH Eissenstat, DM AF Comas, LH Eissenstat, DM TI Linking fine root traits to maximum potential growth rate among 11 mature temperate tree species SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fine root morphology; fine root architecture; SRL; root physiology; ecological strategies; comparative plant ecology ID LIFE-SPAN; SOIL PROPERTIES; LEAF; STRATEGIES; RESPIRATION; AVAILABILITY; MORPHOLOGY; GRADIENTS; RESPONSES; DIAMETER AB 1. There is limited understanding of patterns of variation that exist among root traits of different species, especially under field conditions. We contrasted 11 fast- and slow-growing species paired within five evolutionary lineages to investigate whether root traits associated with soil resource acquisition were related to species' potential growth rate. 2. Measurements of root morphology, architecture, nitrogen and phenolic concentration, respiration and phosphorus uptake were taken on fine, non-woody roots sampled from forest stands in central Pennsylvania, USA. 3. Across all five contrasts, roots of fast-growing species generally had higher specific root length, smaller diameters, greater degree of branching, and lower phenolic concentrations than those of slow-growing species. This suggests differences in potential soil exploration and root defences among species differing in potential growth rate. 4. There were no significant differences between fast- and slow-growing species in root tissue density, respiration or P uptake. Lack of root physiological differences between species differing in growth rate contrasted with previous research on chamber-grown seedlings. 5. These results imply that, while roots of fast-growing species may be constructed for more rapid soil exploration and shorter life span than those of slow-growing species, root physiology is either more closely tied to overall plant physiology, which is more similar among mature trees, or masked by variation in soil microsites, root age or interactions with mycorrhizal fungi. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Plant Physiol Grad Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Ecol Intercoll Grad Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Comas, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PSWMRU, Curtin Rd,Bldg 3702, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lhc105@psu.edu NR 41 TC 141 Z9 158 U1 13 U2 100 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 388 EP 397 DI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00835.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 820WW UT WOS:000221421400012 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Ward, TJ Geiser, DM Kistler, HC Aoki, T AF O'Donnell, K Ward, TJ Geiser, DM Kistler, HC Aoki, T TI Genealogical concordance between the mating type locus and seven other nuclear genes supports formal recognition of nine phylogenetically distinct species within the Fusarium graminearum clade SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fusarium head blight; mating-type; histone H3; homothallic; heterothallic; gene trees; species trees; species limits; phylogeny; reciprocal monophyly ID POSITIVE DARWINIAN SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; SP NOV.; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; BALANCING SELECTION; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AB Species limits were investigated within the Fusarium graminearum clade (Fg clade) through phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from portions of 11 nuclear genes including the mating-type (MAT) locus. Nine phylogenetically distinct species were resolved within the Fg clade, and they all possess contiguous MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs consistent with a homothallic reproductive mode. In contrast, only one of the two MAT idiomorphs was found in five other species, four of which were putatively asexual, and the other was heterothallic. Molecular evolutionary analyses indicate the MAT genes are under strong purifying selection and that they are functionally constrained, even in species for which a sexual state is unknown. The phylogeny supports a monophyletic and apomorphic origin of homothallism within this clade. Morphological analyses demonstrate that a combination of conidial characters could be used to differentiate three species and three species pairs. Species rank is formally proposed for the eight unnamed species within the Fg clade using fixed nucleotide characters. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Genet Divers Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kodonnell@ncaur.usda.gov RI Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 NR 86 TC 411 Z9 432 U1 5 U2 49 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 600 EP 623 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2004.03.003 PG 24 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 821DL UT WOS:000221440100003 PM 15121083 ER PT J AU Havey, MJ Galmarini, CR Gokce, AF Henson, C AF Havey, MJ Galmarini, CR Gokce, AF Henson, C TI QTL affecting soluble carbohydrate concentrations in stored onion bulbs and their association with flavor and health-enhancing attributes SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE quantitative trait locus; fructans; thiosulfinates; reducing sugars ID ALLIUM-CEPA L.; PYRUVIC-ACID; FRUCTAN; SOLIDS; STORAGE; PUNGENCY; INULIN; RAW; MAP AB Onion bulbs accumulate fructans, a type of soluble carbohydrate associated with lower rates of colorectal cancers. Higher fructan concentrations in bulbs are correlated with higher pungency, longer dormancy, and greater onion-induced antiplatelet activity (OIAA). We analyzed replicated field trials of a segregating family for types and concentrations of soluble carbohydrates in onion bulbs 90 days after harvest. Means were adjusted using dry weight as the covariant to reveal highly significant (P < 0.001) differences among parents and families for glucose, fructose, sucrose, and the fructans 1-kestose, neokestose, and (6G,1)-nystose. Fructan concentrations showed significant (P < 0.05) phenotypic correlations with each other and with sucrose, pungency, and OIAA. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that onion bulbs accumulating fructans take up or retain less water, concentrating both soluble carbohydrates and thiosulfinates responsible for pungency and OIAA. Interval mapping of family means from the covariant analyses revealed regions on linkage groups A and D significantly (LOD > 2.68) affecting soluble carbohydrate concentrations. The enzyme catalyzing the first step of fructan polymerization, 1-sucrose-sucrose fructosyltransferase (1-SST), mapped independently of these genomic regions. One region on linkage group D near an acid-invertase gene was significantly (LOD = 3.45) associated with sucrose concentrations. This study reveals that the accumulation of sucrose in stored onion bulbs may allow for the combination of sweeter flavor with significant OIAA. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EEA La Consulta INTA, RA-5567 La Consulta, Argentina. Univ Nacl Cuyo, Inst Hort, RA-5505 Mendoza, Argentina. Uludag Univ, Dept Hort, TR-16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu NR 37 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1139/G04-005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 833PI UT WOS:000222350000005 PM 15190363 ER PT J AU Cheney, MA Ferruzzi, G Sposito, G Casey, WH AF Cheney, MA Ferruzzi, G Sposito, G Casey, WH TI The energetics of selenite and iodate adsorption onto goethite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USDA, Templeton, CA 93465 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cheney@aesop.rutgers.edu; giulio.ferruzzi@ca.usda.gov; sposito@nature.berkeley.edu; wcasey@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A130 EP A130 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400204 ER PT J AU Jacques, D Simunek, J Mallants, D Seuntjens, P van Genuchten, MT AF Jacques, D Simunek, J Mallants, D Seuntjens, P van Genuchten, MT TI Geochemical coupled transport code for variably saturated flow conditions: Metal leaching in a podzol SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 CEN SCK, Waste & Disposal Dept, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. USDA ARS, GEB Salin Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Mallants, Dirk/A-5727-2012; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Jacques, Diederik/C-5887-2009 OI Mallants, Dirk/0000-0001-7282-1981; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A456 EP A456 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400795 ER PT J AU Miller, DN Yavitt, JB Madsen, EL Ghiorse, WC AF Miller, DN Yavitt, JB Madsen, EL Ghiorse, WC TI Methanotrophic activity, abundance, and diversity in forested swamp pools: Spatiotemporal dynamics and influences on methane fluxes SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methane emission; methane oxidation; methanotrophy; MPN; PCR; protozoa ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BLANKET BOG PEAT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; METHYLOTROPHIC BACTERIA; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; LAKE WASHINGTON; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OXIDATION; SEDIMENT AB Methane oxidation (methanotrophy) in the water column and sediments of forested swamp pools likely control seasonal and annual emission of CH 4 from these systems, but the methanotrophic microbial communities, their activities, locations, and overall impact, is poorly understood. Several techniques including 14 CH 4 oxidation assays, culture-based most probable number (MPN) estimates of methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) and protozoan abundance, MOB strain isolation and characterization, and PCR techniques were used to investigate methanotrophy at a forested swamp near Ithaca, New York. The greatest methanotrophic activity and largest numbers of MOB occurred predominantly at the low oxygen sediment/water interface in the water column. Seasonally, methanotrophic activity was very dynamic, ranging from 0.1 to 61.9 mumoles CH4 d(-1) g(-1) dry sediment, and correlated most strongly with dissolved inorganic carbon (r = 0.896). Incorporation of methanotrophic variables (abundance and activity) into existing CH4 flux regression models improved model fit, particularly during mid summer when CH4 fluxes were most dynamic. Annually integrated methane flux and methanotrophic activity measurements indicate that differences in methanotrophic activity at the sediment/water interface likely accounted for differences in the annual CH4 emission from the field site. Direct isolations of MOB resulted in the repeated isolation of organisms most closely related to Methylomonas methanica S1. A single acidophilic, type II MOB related to Methylocella palustris K was also isolated. Using a PCR-based MPN method and 16S rRNA genome copy number from isolates and control strains, type I and type II MOB were enumerated and revealed type I dominance of the sediment-associated MOB community. C1 Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Div Biol Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miller, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM miller@email.marc.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 57 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 257 EP 271 DI 10.1080/01490450490438766 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 817OI UT WOS:000221186400003 ER PT J AU Leakey, ADB Bernacchi, CJ Dohleman, FG Ort, DR Long, SP AF Leakey, ADB Bernacchi, CJ Dohleman, FG Ort, DR Long, SP TI Will photosynthesis of maize (Zea mays) in the US Corn Belt increase in future [CO2] rich atmospheres? An analysis of diurnal courses of CO2 uptake under free-air concentration enrichment (FACE) SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric change; climate change; drought; elevated CO2; photosynthetic carbon gain; SoyFACE ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; BUNDLE SHEATH-CELLS; C-4 CEREAL SORGHUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INORGANIC CARBON; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; GAS-EXCHANGE; WATER STATUS; DRYING SOIL AB The C-4 grass Zea mays (maize or corn) is the third most important food crop globally in terms of production and demand is predicted to increase 45% from 1997 to 2020. However, the effects of rising [CO2] upon C-4 plants, and Z. mays specifically, are not sufficiently understood to allow accurate predictions of future crop production. A rainfed, field experiment utilizing free-air concentration enrichment (FACE) technology in the primary area of global corn production (US Corn Belt) was undertaken to determine the effects of elevated [CO2] on corn. FACE technology allows experimental treatments to be imposed upon a complete soil-plant-atmosphere continuum with none of the effects of experimental enclosures on plant microclimate. Crop performance was compared at ambient [CO2] (354 mu mol mol(-1)) and the elevated [CO2] (549 mumol mol(-1)) predicted for 2050. Previous laboratory studies suggest that under favorable growing conditions C-4 photosynthesis is not typically enhanced by elevated [CO2]. However, stomatal conductance and transpiration are decreased, which can indirectly increase photosynthesis in dry climates. Given the deep soils and relatively high rainfall of the US Corn Belt, it was predicted that photosynthesis would not be enhanced by elevated [CO2]. The diurnal course of gas exchange of upper canopy leaves was measured in situ across the growing season of 2002. Contrary to the prediction, growth at elevated [CO2] significantly increased leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake rate (A) by up to 41%, and 10% on average. Greater A was associated with greater intercellular [CO2], lower stomatal conductance and lower transpiration. Summer rainfall during 2002 was very close to the 50-year average for this site, indicating that the year was not atypical or a drought year. The results call for a reassessment of the established view that C-4 photosynthesis is insensitive to elevated [CO2] under favorable growing conditions and that the production potential of corn in the US Corn Belt will not be affected by the global rise in [CO2]. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Leakey, ADB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM leakey@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016; OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X NR 46 TC 105 Z9 112 U1 15 U2 91 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 951 EP 962 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00767.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825FQ UT WOS:000221741800003 ER PT J AU King, JS Hanson, PJ Bernhardt, E DeAngelis, P Norby, RJ Pregitzer, KS AF King, JS Hanson, PJ Bernhardt, E DeAngelis, P Norby, RJ Pregitzer, KS TI A multiyear synthesis of soil respiration responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 from four forest FACE experiments SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Betula; global change; liquidambar; Pinus; Populus; soil CO2 efflux ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EFFLUX; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; BELOW-GROUND CARBON; PINUS-TAEDA; DECIDUOUS FOREST; TEMPERATE FOREST; ENRICHMENT FACE; PONDEROSA PINE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; RHIZOSPHERE RESPIRATION AB The rapidly rising concentration of atmospheric CO2 has the potential to alter forest and global carbon cycles by altering important processes that occur in soil. Forest soils contain the largest and longest lived carbon pools in terrestrial ecosystems and are therefore extremely important to the land-atmosphere exchange of carbon and future climate. Soil respiration is a sensitive integrator of many soil processes that control carbon storage in soil, and is therefore a good metric of changes to soil carbon cycling. Here, we summarize soil respiration data from four forest free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiments in developing and established forests that have been exposed to elevated atmospheric [CO2] (168 muL L-1 average enrichment) for 2-6 years. The sites have similar experimental design and use similar methodology (closed-path infrared gas analyzers) to measure soil respiration, but differ in species composition of the respective forest communities. We found that elevated atmospheric [CO2] stimulated soil respiration at all sites, and this response persisted for up to 6 years. Young developing stands experienced greater stimulation than did more established stands, increasing 39% and 16%, respectively, averaged over all years and communities. Further, at sites that had more than one community, we found that species composition of the dominant trees was a major controller of the absolute soil CO2 efflux and the degree of stimulation from CO2 enrichment. Interestingly, we found that the temperature sensitivity of bulk soil respiration appeared to be unaffected by elevated atmospheric CO2. These findings suggest that stage of stand development and species composition should be explicitly accounted for when extrapolating results from elevated CO2 experiments or modeling forest and global carbon cycles. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Environm & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP King, JS (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM jsking@mtu.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; De Angelis, Paolo/A-6863-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; De Angelis, Paolo/0000-0001-8310-8831; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X NR 79 TC 106 Z9 124 U1 5 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1027 EP 1042 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00789.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825FQ UT WOS:000221741800009 ER PT J AU Sakarya, S Rifat, S Zhou, J Bannerman, DD Stamatos, NM Cross, AS Goldblum, SE AF Sakarya, S Rifat, S Zhou, J Bannerman, DD Stamatos, NM Cross, AS Goldblum, SE TI Mobilization of neutrophil sialidase activity desialylates the pulmonary vascular endothelial surface and increases resting neutrophil adhesion to and migration across the endothelium SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adhesion molecules; endothelial cells; neuraminidase; neutrophils; sialidase ID CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; GRANULOCYTE MATURATION; ACID CONTENT; IN-VIVO; CELLS; EXPRESSION; NEURAMINIDASE; PURIFICATION; LEUKOCYTES; PROTEASES AB The amount of sialic acid on the surface of the neutrophil (PMN) influences its ability to interact with other cells. PMN activation with various stimuli mobilizes intracellular sialidase to the plasma membrane, where it cleaves sialic acid from cell surfaces. Because enhanced PMN adherence, spreading, deformability, and motility each are associated with surface desialylation and are critical to PMN diapedesis, we studied the role of sialic acid on PMN adhesion to and migration across pulmonary vascular endothelial cell (EC) monolayers in vitro. Neuraminidase treatment of either PMN or EC increased adhesion and migration in a dose-dependent manner. Neuraminidase treatment of both PMNs and ECs increased PMN adhesion to EC more than treatment of either PMNs or ECs alone. Moreover, neuraminidase treatment of ECs did not change surface expression of adhesion molecules or release of IL-8 and IL-6. Inhibition of endogenous sialidase by either cross-protective antineuraminidase antibodies (45.5% inhibition) or competitive inhibition with pseudo-substrate (41.2% inhibition) decreased PMN adhesion to ECs; the inhibitable sialidase activity appeared to be associated with activated PMNs. Finally, EC monolayers preincubated with activated PMNs became hyperadhesive for subsequently added resting PMNs, and this hyperadhesive state was mediated through endogenous PMN sialidase activity. Blocking anti-E-selectin, anti-CD54 and anti-CD18 antibodies decreased PMN adhesion to tumor necrosis factor-activated ECs but not to PMN-treated ECs. These data implicate desialylation as a novel mechanism through which PMN-EC adhesion can be regulated independent of de novo protein synthesis or altered adhesion molecule expression. The ability of activated PMNs, through endogenous sialidase activity, to render the EC surface hyperadherent for unstimulated PMNs may provide for rapid amplification of the PMN-mediated host response. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Program Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Goldblum, SE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM simeon.goldblum@med.va.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL63217]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI42818] NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 481 EP 494 DI 10.1093/glycob/cwh065 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 820RB UT WOS:000221405900002 PM 15044387 ER PT J AU Zhang, WD Chen, SY Liu, GS Jan, CC AF Zhang, WD Chen, SY Liu, GS Jan, CC TI Seed-set and pollen-stigma compatibility in Leymus chinensis SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Leymus chinensis; seed-set; compatible pollen; pollination; self-incompatibility ID LOLIUM-PERENNE L; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; GENETIC-CONTROL; RYEGRASS; POACEAE; GRASSES; TRITICEAE; GENOME AB Chinese leymus [Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel.] is an important forage distributed in East Asia. The seed-set rates and the pollen-stigma compatibility in six populations were investigated in 2001. Proportionately seed-set ranged from 0.065 to 0.567 under open pollination and 0.0056 to 0.0426 under self-pollination. The former is significantly higher than the latter in each population. Microscopic observations showed that proportionately only 0.0551 to 0.1167 of self-pollinated pollen grains were compatible but most cross-pollinated pollen grains were compatible. The tubes of most incompatible pollen grains aborted upon entering into the stigmas. Among the six populations, there was a significant correlation between seed-set under open pollination and the compatible pollen rates under cross-pollination. These results suggest that Chinese leymus is a self-incompatible species, and the compatibility of pollen and stigma might be one of the factors influencing seed-set in natural conditions. This information will be useful for future breeding efforts. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Key Lab Photosynth & Environm Mol Physiol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Zhang, WD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Key Lab Photosynth & Environm Mol Physiol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM liugs@ns.ibcas.ac.cn NR 32 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 59 IS 2 BP 180 EP 185 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2004.00419.x PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 831FY UT WOS:000222181500008 ER PT J AU Vroblesky, DA Clinton, BD Vose, JM Casey, CC Harvey, G Bradley, PM AF Vroblesky, DA Clinton, BD Vose, JM Casey, CC Harvey, G Bradley, PM TI Ground water chlorinated ethenes in tree trunks: Case studies, influence of recharge, and potential degradation mechanism SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; EUCALYPTUS-CAMALDULENSIS; STREAM WATER; CONTAMINATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; HYDROCARBONS; MICROCOSMS; AQUIFER; PLANTS; RINGS AB Trichloroethene (TCE) was detected in cores of trees growing above TCE-contaminated ground at three sites: the Carswell Golf Course in Texas, Air Force Plant PJKS in Colorado, and Naval Weapons Station Charleston in South Carolina. This was true even when the depth to water was 7.9 m or when the contaminated aquifer was confined beneath similar to3 m of clay. Additional ground water contaminants detected in the tree cores were cis-1,2-dichloroethene at two sites and tetrachloroethene at one site. Thus, tree coring can be a rapid and effective means of locating shallow subsurface chlorinated ethenes and possibly identifying zones of active TCE dechlorination. Tree cores collected over time were useful in identifying the onset of ground water contamination. Several factors affecting chlorinated ethene concentrations in tree cores were identified in this investigation. The factors include ground water chlorinated ethene concentrations and depth to ground water contamination. In addition, differing TCE concentrations around the trunk of some trees appear to be related to the roots deriving water from differing areas. Opportunistic uptake of infiltrating rainfall can dilute prerain TCE concentrations in the trunk. TCE concentrations in core headspace may differ among some tree species. In some trees, infestation of bacteria in decaying heartwood may provide a TCE dechlorination mechanism within the trunk. C1 US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. So Div Naval Facil Engn Command, N Charleston, SC 29406 USA. USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vroblesky, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM vroblesk@usgs.gov; bclinton@fs.fed.us; jvose@fs.fed.us; cliff.casey@navy.mil; gregory.harvey@wpafb.af.mil; pbradley@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 124 EP 138 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 850FC UT WOS:000223595600012 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Richards, MP McMurtry, JP AF Rosebrough, RW Richards, MP McMurtry, JP TI Further studies on dietary protein reversals and lipid metabolism in the broiler SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE chicken; lipogenesis; diets; metabolism ID INVITRO LIPOGENESIS; HEPATIC LIPOGENESIS; GROWTH-HORMONE; SOMATOMEDIN-C; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; FEEDING REGIMENS; ENERGY RELATIONS; BODY-COMPOSITION; IGF-I AB Although changes in dietary protein levels change metabolism in the broiler chicken, there is little information concerning the time course of the process of adaptation. Therefore, male Hubbard broiler chickens were fed diets containing either 12 or 30% crude protein from 7 to 28 d of age and then were switched to the opposite level for an additional 9 d. Birds were bled and killed at 0, 2, 5, 7 and 9 d following the reversals. Data taken at these intervals included those involved in vitro lipogenesis (IVL), growth and feed consumption, hepatic enzyme activities and plasma hormones and metabolites. Birds fed the lower level of crude protein were smaller in growth from 7 to 28 d. Feeding these birds a higher protein diet from 28 to 37 d improved both growth and feed efficiency in comparison to controls. Lipogenesis was also greater and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) less in birds fed the lower protein diet. Switching dietary treatments increased and decreased lipogenesis as birds were switched from high to low and low to high protein diets, respectively. Half-maximal changes were observed 2 d after the reversal and maximal changes 5 d after the reversal. In contrast, switching dietary treatments decreased and increased plasma IGF-I as birds were switched from high to low and low to high protein diets, respectively. Half-maximal changes were observed 2 d after the reversal. Of the three hepatic enzymes monitored, malic enzyme activity most closely followed the rapid changes in IVL. In the present study, plasma IGF-I may be a more sensitive indicator of changes in dietary protein than changes in intermediary metabolism. C1 BARC EAST, USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), BARC EAST, USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, Bldg 200 Rm 212,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rosebro@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU GROWTH PUBLISHING CO INC PI HULLS COVE PA PO BOX 205, HULLS COVE, ME 04609-0205 USA SN 1041-1232 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD SUM PY 2004 VL 68 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 843TC UT WOS:000223108400003 PM 15307662 ER PT J AU McKay, DL Berkowitz, JM Blumberg, JB Goldberg, JP AF McKay, DL Berkowitz, JM Blumberg, JB Goldberg, JP TI Communicating cardiovascular disease risk due to elevated homocysteine levels: Using the EPPM to develop print materials SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Review DE threat appeal; print material; cardiovascular disease ID HEALTH BELIEF MODEL; PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLETS; PARALLEL PROCESS MODEL; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; FEAR APPEALS; FOLIC-ACID; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; GENERAL-PRACTICE AB Improving the effectiveness of written information to promote compliance with therapeutic regimens is essential, particularly among older adults. Guiding their development and evaluating their effectiveness with an accepted communication theory or model may help. A preliminary test of written materials developed within the context of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) to motivate compliant behaviors among older adults at risk for cardiovascular disease is described. Participants who were not previously following the recommendations felt more confident in their ability to do so after reading a high-threat/high-efficacy message. Advanced age, lower education level, an existing chronic illness, and a higher initial homocysteine level were factors associated with lower levels of perceived threat and/or fear and may have attenuated the effectiveness of the message. This study's results contribute to our understanding of the usefulness of theory-guided written materials in motivating compliant health behaviors. Recommendations for using this model are provided. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. ORC Marcro Int Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Ctr Nutr Commun, Boston, MA USA. RP McKay, DL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dmckay@world.std.com NR 104 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 BP 355 EP 371 DI 10.1177/1090198104263353 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 818HY UT WOS:000221237400004 PM 15155045 ER PT J AU Jenderek, MM Hannan, RM AF Jenderek, MM Hannan, RM TI Variation in reproductive characteristics and seed production in the USDA garlic germplasm collection SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium sativum; Allium longicuspis; true seeds; in vitro pollen germination; bulbils; flower anomalies AB Diverse garlic germplasm has proven to be essential for production of true seed. Yet, fertile accessions in garlic germplasm collections have not been characterized for breeders and researchers, and information on morphological characteristics associated with seed producing plants is very limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate reproductive characteristics and true seed production capacity in the USDA garlic germplasm collection. Most stable traits, such as flower stem appearance, opening ability of spathe, level of difficulty to remove bulbils, tepal color, umbel shape, and the number of flowers per umbel, were similar across populations evaluated. Other characteristics including position of stigma, tepal closure, pollen viability, time of flowering, scape senescence rate, and number of seeds produced by individual plants varied within accession evaluated. Of 47 accessions, 19 produced true seeds (from 48.5 to 1.5 seeds per plant) in the Central Valley of California. Seed production in the germplasm evaluated is adequate to initiate garlic breeding projects. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Arid Land Plant Genet Resource Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Jenderek, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Arid Land Plant Genet Resource Unit, 9611 S Riverbend, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 485 EP 488 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 826TL UT WOS:000221851800007 ER PT J AU Luo, YG McEvoy, JL Wachtel, MR Kim, JG Huang, Y AF Luo, YG McEvoy, JL Wachtel, MR Kim, JG Huang, Y TI Package atmosphere affects postharvest biology and quality of fresh-cut Cilantro leaves SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Coriandrum sativum; modified atmosphere package; electrolyte leakage; aerobic bacteria count; anaerobic bacteria count ID MICROFLORA; VEGETABLES; PHYSIOLOGY; PRODUCTS AB Experiments were conducted to develop a modified atmosphere packaging system for fresh-cut cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves, and to determine the effect of package film oxygen transmission rate (OTR) on package atmosphere and the consequence on on quality and microbiology of the product. Package film OTR significantly (P < 0.001) influenced the package atmospheres and the resultant postharvest physiology and quality of fresh-cut cilantro leaves under the tested package configuration (bag size 19 x 22 cm, product fill weight 85 g/bag) and storage condition (0 degreesC). Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels of the packages prepared with 3500 mL(.)d(-1.)m(-2) OTR films equilibrated at 1.5 to 2.3 kPa and 3.6 to 4.1 kPa, respectively, on day 3 and maintained this level throughout the storage. The gas compositions of the packages with 6200 mL(.)d(-1.)m(-2) OTR films showed a similar trend, except they equilibrated at a higher 0, (3.6 to 5.6 kPa) and lower CO2 (2.7 to 3.3 kPa) level. Fresh-cut cilantro leaves in both packages exhibited the highest tissue integrity as evidenced by the lowest tissue electrolyte leakage, with high overall visual quality scores (like moderately to like very much) at the end of 14 days storage. However, atmospheres in 1700 mL(.)d(-1.)m(-1) OTR film packages displayed a rapid depletion of O-2 and accumulation of CO2 with essentially no 0, (approximate to0.02 kPa) and high CO2 (7.7 to 9.0 kPa) levels inside the packages from day 6 until the end of storage. A rapid increase in tissue electrolyte leakage was observed in cilantro leaves in these packages starting on day 6, increasing 6-fold at the end of the storage period. Products in these packages developed a strong off-odor, accompanied by a rapid loss of typical aroma and overall visual quality, with an unacceptable quality rating at the end of storage (dislike slightly). Samples packaged in perforated bags (without modified atmosphere) lost moisture over time, and small numbers of wilted leaves were seen. There was a slow but significant (P < 0.001) increase in aerobic organisms over time with no significant (P > 0.05) difference among treatments. There was an increase in anaerobic microorganisms on cilantro leaves packaged in 1700 mL(.)d(-1.)m(-2) OTR film, although only approximate to0.5 log cfu/g difference was observed among the treatments and over time. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 826TL UT WOS:000221851800025 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Rotindo, KE Lyons, W AF Volk, GM Rotindo, KE Lyons, W TI Low-temperature storage of garlic for spring planting SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE postharvest physiology; yield ID ALLIUM-SATIVUM L; GROWTH; CLOVES AB Garlic bulbs (Allium sativum L.) harvested in the summer are often stored at room temperature between the time of harvest and curing and either consumption or planting in the fall. The quality of these bulbs usually deteriorates dramatically by 6 months after harvest. Garlic bulbs were placed at -3, 0, or 5 degreesC for approximate to6 months to determine if bulbs could be maintained for spring planting. Response to cold-storage conditions was cultivar dependent. We found that most cured garlic bulbs stored at -3 degreesC for 6 months successfully formed cloves within bulbs when planted in the following spring. Unlike the high-quality bulbs formed after -3 degreesC storage, bulbs stored at 0 degreesC for 6 months often formed side cloves and had loose wrappers. In another study, garlic bulbs stored at 0, 5, 15, or 23 degreesC exhibited a higher rate of shoot elongation within the cloves during storage than bulbs stored at -3 degreesC. After 9 months of -3 degreesC storage, bulbs then held at room temperature retained the quality characteristics of freshly harvested garlic (firmness, taste) for at least 2 months. These studies suggest that cured garlic can be spring planted and consumed year-round when bulbs are stored at -3 degreesC. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Plant Germplasm Preservat Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Yucca Ridge Farm Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Plant Germplasm Preservat Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gvolk@lamar.colostate.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 571 EP 573 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 826TL UT WOS:000221851800026 ER PT J AU Wall, MM AF Wall, MM TI Compositional and sensory analyses of sweetpotatoes after X-ray irradiation quarantine treatment SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ipomoea batatas; postharvest treatment; quality; carbohydrates ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; STORAGE; ROOTS; CURCULIONIDAE; SUGARS; TUBERS AB Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] roots of two Hawaii-grown clones were treated with 100 to 600 Gy X-ray irradiation and evaluated for quality before and after cooking. Root moisture content, surface color, and glucose and fructose concentrations were not affected by irradiation treatment for either the red-skin, yellow-flesh (RY) or the white-skin, purple-flesh (WP) clones. Firmness decreased at higher doses for RY roots, but not for WP roots. The alcohol insoluble solids and the starch concentrations of raw roots decreased linearly in response to increasing dose for both clones. Maltose decreased at higher doses in cooked RY roots only. Irradiation had the greatest effect on sucrose concentrations, which increased linearly in response to dose as starch concentrations decreased. A sensory panel perceived sweetpotato roots treated with 600 Gy irradiation as sweeter than control roots. Panelists found the overall acceptability to be the same for control and 600 Gy treated roots for both clones. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Wall, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM mwall@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 574 EP 577 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 826TL UT WOS:000221851800027 ER PT J AU Wipfli, MS Musslewhite, J AF Wipfli, MS Musslewhite, J TI Density of red alder (Alnus rubra) in headwaters influences invertebrate and detritus subsidies to downstream fish habitats in Alaska SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE alder; headwater stream; subsidy; invertebrate; detritus; salmonid; riparian forest management ID SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; SALMON CARCASSES; FOOD WEBS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; COHO SALMON; STREAM; GROWTH; EXPORT; DYNAMICS AB We investigated the influence of red alder (Alnus rubra) stand density in upland, riparian forests on invertebrate and detritus transport from fishless headwater streams to downstream, salmonid habitats in southeastern Alaska. Red alder commonly regenerates after soil disturbance ( such as from natural landsliding or timber harvesting), and is common along streams in varying densities, but its effect on food delivery from headwater channels to downstream salmonid habitats is not clear. Fluvial transport of invertebrates and detritus was measured at 13 sites in spring, summer and fall during two years ( 2000-2001). The 13 streams encompassed a riparian red alder density gradient (1-82% canopy cover or 0-53% basal area) growing amongst young-growth conifer (45-yr-old stands that regenerated after forest clearcutting). Sites with more riparian red alder exported significantly more invertebrates than did sites with little alder ( mean range across 1-82% alder gradient was about 1-4 invertebrates m(-3) water, and 0.1(-1) mg invertebrates m(-3) water, respectively). Three-quarters of the invertebrates were of aquatic origin; the remainder was of terrestrial origin. Aquatic taxa were positively related to the alder density gradient, while terrestrially-derived taxa were not. Streams with more riparian alder also exported significantly more detritus than streams with less alder ( mean range across 1-82% alder gradient was 0.01-0.06 g detritus m(-3) water). Based on these data, we predict that headwater streams with more riparian alder will provide more invertebrates and support more downstream fish biomass than those basins with little or no riparian alder, provided these downstream food webs fully utilize this resource subsidy. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Wipfli, MS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, USGS, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 209 Irving 1 Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM Mark.Wipfli@uaf.edu NR 56 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 8 U2 25 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2004 VL 520 IS 1-3 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027734.95586.24 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 820LY UT WOS:000221391900013 ER PT J AU Li, RR Kaufman, YJ Hao, WM Salmon, JM Gao, BC AF Li, RR Kaufman, YJ Hao, WM Salmon, JM Gao, BC TI A technique for detecting burn scars using MODIS data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE burn scars; fires; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); remote sensing ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; RESOLUTION; ALGORITHM; IDENTIFICATION; TROPICS; SURFACE; SYSTEM; CLOUD AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terra and Aqua spacecrafts have several visible and near-infrared (NIR) channels with resolutions of 250, 500, and 1 km for remote sensing of land surfaces and atmosphere. The MODIS data directly broadcasted to ground receiving stations can have many practical applications, including the rapid assessment of fires and burned areas. In this paper, we describe an empirical technique for remote sensing of burn scars using a single dataset of MODIS NIR channels centered near 1.24 and 2.13 mum. These channels are sensitive to changes in the surface properties induced by the fire and are not obscured by smoke. Therefore, they allow remote sensing of burn scars in the presence of smoke. Detection of burn scars from single MODIS images, without the need of data from previous days, is very useful for near real-time burn scar recognition in operational direct broadcasting systems. The technique is applied to MODIS data acquired over the western U.S. during the summer fire season, the southeastern part of Canada during the summer and spring seasons, and the southeastern part of Australia. The burnt areas estimated from MODIS data are consistent with those estimated from the high spatial resolution Landsat 7 imaging data. C1 Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, RR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM lirongr@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 33 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1300 EP 1308 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.826801 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 830NT UT WOS:000222129900019 ER PT J AU Lominadze, D Saari, JT Percival, SS Schuschke, DA AF Lominadze, D Saari, JT Percival, SS Schuschke, DA TI Proinflammatory effects of copper deficiency on neutrophils and lung endothelial cells SO IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper; endothelium; inflammation; neutrophils ID IN-VITRO; RATS; ADHESION; SEQUESTRATION; MIGRATION; RESPONSES; SELECTIN; CALCIUM; INJURY; ICAM-1 AB Dietary copper deficiency increases the accumulation of circulating neutrophils in the rat lung microcirculation. This process includes neutrophil adhesion to, migration along, and emigration though the vascular endothelium. The current study was designed to examine the role of copper in each of these steps. Neutrophils were isolated from rats fed either a copper-adequate (CuA, 6.1 mug Cu/g diet) or copper-deficient diet (CuD, 0.3 mug Cu/g diet) for 4 weeks. First, transient and firm adhesion of neutrophils to P-selectin in a flow chamber showed there were more adhered CuD neutrophils than CuA ones. This effect is probably caused by the increased expression of CD11b that was observed in the current study. Second, the evaluation of neutrophil migration under agarose showed that the CuD neutrophils moved farther than the CuA group in response to IL-8 but not fMLP; this suggests an increased sensitivity to a CD11/CD18-independent signalling pathway. Third, the contractile mechanism of endothelial cells was studied. Elevated F-actin formation in Cu-chelated lung microvascular endothelial cells suggests that neutrophil emigration may be promoted by enhanced cytoskeletal reorganization of the endothelium during copper deficiency. Combined, these results support the theory that dietary copper deficiency has proinflammatory effects on both neutrophils and the microvascular endothelium that promote neutrophil-endothelial interactions. C1 Univ Louisville, Hlth Sci Ctr A1115, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Schuschke, DA (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Hlth Sci Ctr A1115, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM daschu01@louisville.edu OI Lominadze, David/0000-0002-9911-4539 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK55030] NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0818-9641 J9 IMMUNOL CELL BIOL JI Immunol. Cell Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 3 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1046/j.1440-1711.2004.01231.x PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 826YY UT WOS:000221866600001 PM 15186252 ER PT J AU Sawhney, APS Price, JB Calamari, TA AF Sawhney, APS Price, JB Calamari, TA TI A successful weaving trial with a size-free cotton warp SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF FIBRE & TEXTILE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cotton; size-free weaving ID YARN; HAIRINESS AB A combed cotton rotor-spun yarn of high quality was produced using customary industrial equipment. The yarn was warped, ensuring a conistent individual yarn tension. The warp set was uninterruptedly washed and cleaned in boiling water containing a mild detergent and a wetting agent, dried on a dummy slasher (i.e. without using any conventional sizing agent) to set the yarn twist torque, and wound onto a loom beam. A 2/1 twill fabric of a slightly open construction was successfully woven on a modified fly-shuttle loom, operating under normal speed and mill-like conditions. Although the yarn hairiness increased visibly as the warp raced forward towards the cloth fell, absolutely no fiber clinging or yarn snagging occurred and, for the first time ever, about 50 m of fabric was woven without a single warp yarn failure, which is very encouraging. This preliminary weaving trial indicates that weaving a singles cotton yarn without the traditional warp sizing may now indeed be feasible at least for certain types of yarns, fabrics and weaving machinery. Planned size-free weaving trials involving different types of fibers, yarns and modern weaving machinery are expected to determine the prospect and commercial scope of size-free weaving. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Sawhney, APS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM apsingh@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0971-0426 J9 INDIAN J FIBRE TEXT JI Indian J. Fibre Text. Tes. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 837JF UT WOS:000222624500001 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Graham, DH Dahl, ER Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Gennari, SM Dubey, JP AF Lehmann, Tovi Graham, Douglas H. Dahl, Erica R. Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian M. G. Gennari, S. M. Dubey, J. P. TI Variation in the structure of Toxoplasma gondii and the roles of selfing, drift, and epistatic selection in maintaining linkage disequilibria SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Clonal structure; Linkage disequilibrium; Microsatellite; Molecular epidemiology; Sex; Strain typing; Toxoplasma; Zoonosis AB Previous studies of Toxoplasma gondii, based on samples dominated by clinical isolates, have concluded that its population structure is clonal, despite the sexual reproduction that occurs in cats. To determine whether this applies to non-clinical isolates, we compared patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) among seven loci in samples of T. gondii from Brazil and the US. LD was detected in both locations, but it was substantially lower in Brazil. The lower LD in Brazil can be explained by a higher rate of sexual reproduction between different genotypes (outcrossing) because of a higher rate of transmission. The extent of LD between pairs of physically unlinked loci varied significantly in each location. Moreover, the magnitude of LD between corresponding locus pairs in Brazil and the US was correlated, despite minimal gene exchange between the continents (mean F-ST = 0.19). The heterogeneity among locus pairs and the correlation in LD between physically unlinked locus pairs from different continents suggests that locus-specific factors, such as epistatic selection are involved in maintaining LD in T. gondii. Possibly, the unique life cycle of T. gondii with its unpredictable transmission among diverse host species and distinct ecological habitats requires specific combinations of alleles from multiple loci. The usefulness of typing isolates based on physically unlinked loci is questioned not only by the geographic variation in the reproductive population structure, but mainly by the low overall predictability of the genotype of one locus based on the genotype in another (unlinked) locus. This predictability ranged between 23 and 45%, but was close to nil for a considerable fraction of locus pairs. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lehmann, Tovi; Graham, Douglas H.; Dahl, Erica R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. [Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian M. G.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Centro Biociencias & Biotecnol, Lab Biol Reconhecer, BR-28015 Campos Dos Goytacazes, Goytacazes, Brazil. [Gennari, S. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Lehmann, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F22,4770 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. EM lbt2@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2004.01.007 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V30OT UT WOS:000208826000004 PM 15157628 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Sappington, TW AF Kim, KS Sappington, TW TI Genetic structuring of boll weevil populations in the US based on RAPD markers SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RAPD; genetic diversity; gene flow; boll weevil; Anthonomus grandis ID ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS BOH; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; PHEROMONE TRAPS; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; DIFFERENTIATION; DISPERSAL; ALLOZYME; PEST AB Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed to infer the magnitude and pattern of genetic differentiation among boll weevil populations from eighteen locations across eight US states and north-east Mexico. Sixty-seven reproducible bands from six random primers were analysed for genetic variation within and between weevil populations. Genetic and geographical distances among all populations were positively correlated, reflecting a pattern of isolation by distance within a larger metapopulation. Gene flow between south-central, western and eastern regions is limited, but migration between locations within regions appears to be relatively frequent up to distances of similar to300-400 km. However, estimates of effective migration were much lower than those estimated from mtDNA-RFLP data reported previously. C1 Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, CICGRU, ARS,USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, APMRU, College Stn, TX USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, CICGRU, ARS,USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 59 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1111/j.0962-1075.2004.00487.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 822MS UT WOS:000221544800009 PM 15157230 ER PT J AU Benoit, JB Yoder, JA Sammataro, D Zettler, LW AF Benoit, JB Yoder, JA Sammataro, D Zettler, LW TI Mycoflora and fungal vector capacity of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata : Varroidae) in honey bee (Hymenoptera : Apidae) colonies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acari; Varroidae; Varroa; parasitic mite; honey bee; fungi; USA ID SCOPULARIOPSIS-BREVICAULIS BAINIER; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; HIRSUTELLA-THOMPSONII; ECTOPARASITIC MITE; ACARI; TICK; TEMPERATURE AB Female adults of the honey bee mite, Varroa destructor, have fungi on their surfaces, and have the potential to disperse fungal spores (conidia) throughout the bee colony. Fungi present are typical of those associated with bees, their combs and provisions, and are common filamentous, soil saprophytes (listed in order of relative abundance): Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Alternaria, Rhizopus and Mucor. These fungi have no biological control implications (i.e., entomopathogenic) because none were recovered internally within the mites; absence of fungi internally also implies that this mite is not a fungivore. Our isolation of Aspergillus flavus, agent of stonebrood disease in honey bees, implicates Varroa as a potential fungal vector of stonebrood disease. C1 Wittenberg Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Honey Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Illinois Benedictine Coll, Dept Biol, Jacksonville, IL 62650 USA. RP Benoit, JB (reprint author), Wittenberg Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. EM jyoder@wittenberg.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU INDIRA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI WEST BLOOMFIELD PA P O BOX 250456, WEST BLOOMFIELD, MI 48325-0456 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 824XS UT WOS:000221721100002 ER PT J AU Pereira, MA Weggemans, RM Jacobs, DR Hannan, PJ Zock, PL Ordovas, JM Katan, MB AF Pereira, MA Weggemans, RM Jacobs, DR Hannan, PJ Zock, PL Ordovas, JM Katan, MB TI Within-person variation in serum lipids: implications for clinical trials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; data interpretation; diet; lipoproteins; periodicity; randomized controlled trials ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-IV; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; DIETARY-CHANGES; PLASMA; GENE; SUBSTITUTION; STANDARDIZATION; AMPLIFICATION; TRIGLYCERIDE AB Background Little is known about the degree to which behavioural, biological, and genetic traits contribute to within-person variation in serum cholesterol. Materials and Methods The authors studied within-person variation in serum total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in 458 participants of 27 dietary intervention studies in Wageningen, The Netherlands, from 1976 to 1995. Results For a median of 4 days between blood draws, the geometric mean of the within-person standard deviation was 0.13 mmol/l (similar to5 mg/dl, coefficient of variation = 3.0%) for total cholesterol and 0.04 mmol/l (similar to1.5 mg/dl, coefficient of variation = 3.0%) for HDL cholesterol. In mixed-model linear regressions using within-person variance as the dependent variable and including lipid concentration and covariates listed below, within-person variance of both total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol was higher for greater number of days between blood draws and for self-selected diet rather than investigator-controlled diet. Within-person variance of total cholesterol only was higher for non-standardized versus standardized phlebotomy protocol and for female sex. The authors found evidence that the APOA4 -347 (12/22 genotype) and MTP -493 (11 genotype) polymorphisms may increase the within-person variation in total cholesterol. Conclusion Under certain study design (self-selected diet, use of non-standardized phlebotomy protocol) or participant characteristics (female, certain polymorphisms) within-person lipid variance is increased and required sample size will be greater. These findings may have important implications for the time and cost of such interventions. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Unilever Res & Dev, Unilever Hlth Inst, Vlaardingen, Netherlands. Univ Oslo, Inst Nutr Res, Oslo, Norway. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Div Human Nutr & Epidemiol, Wageningen, Netherlands. Wageningen Ctr Food Sci, Wageningen, Netherlands. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Pereira, MA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, 1300 S 2nd St,Ste 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM pereira@epi.umn.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32HL07779, R01HL54776] NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 534 EP 541 DI 10.1093/ije/dyh057 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 832MR UT WOS:000222272100020 PM 15020568 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Thippareddi, H AF Juneja, VK Thippareddi, H TI Inhibitory effects of organic acid salts on growth of Clostridium perfringens from spore inocula during chilling of marinated ground turkey breast SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C. perfringens; organic acid salts; inhibition; injected turkey; chilling ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; VEGETATIVE CELLS; COOLING RATE; BEEF; OUTGROWTH; BOTULINUM; LACTATE AB Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens germination and outgrowth by salts of organic acids such as sodium lactate, sodium acetate, buffered sodium citrate and buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate was evaluated during continuous chilling of ground turkey. Turkey breast meat was injected with a brine-containing NaCl, potato starch and potassium tetra pyrophosphate to yield final in-product concentrations of 0.85%, 0.25% and 0.20%, respectively. The meat was ground, mixed with either sodium lactate (1%, 2%, 3% or 4%), sodium acetate (1% or 2%), buffered sodium citrate (Ional (TM), 1%) or buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate (Ional Plus(TM), 1%), in addition to a control that did not contain added antimicrobials. Each product was mixed with a three-strain C. perfringens spore cocktail to obtain final spore concentrations of ca. 2.8 log(10) spores/g. Inoculated products (10 g) were packaged into cook-in-bags (2 x 3 in.), vacuum sealed, cooked at 60 degreesC for 1 h, and subsequently chilled from 54.4 to 7.2 degreesC in 15, 18 and 21 h following exponential chilling rates. Products were sampled immediately after cooking and then after chilling. Chilling of cooked turkey following 15, 18 and 21 h chill rates resulted in germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores to 6.6, 7.58 and 7.95 log(10) CFU/g populations, respectively, from initial spore populations of ca. 2.80 logo CFU/g. Incorporation of sodium lactate (1%), sodium acetate (1%), Ional or Ional Plus (1%) substantially inhibited germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores compared to controls. Final C. perfringens total populations of 3.12, 3.10, 2.38 and 2.92 log(10) CFU/g, respectively, were observed following a 15-h exponential chill rate. Similar inhibitory effects were observed for 18 and 21 chill rates with the antimicrobials at 1% concentrations. While sodium lactate and sodium acetate concentrations of 1 were sufficient to control C. perfringens germination and outgrowth (< 1.0 log(10) CFU/g growth) following 15 h chill rates, higher concentrations were required for 18 and 21 h chill rates. Ional at 1% concentration was effective in inhibiting germination and outgrowth to < 1.0 log(10) CFU/g of C. perfringens for all three chill rates (15, 18 and 21 h) tested. Use of sodium salts of organic acids in formulation of ready-to-eat meat products can reduce the risk of C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth during chilling. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vjuneja@arserrc.gov NR 25 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.10.012 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 824YJ UT WOS:000221722800003 PM 15135954 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, TP TI A quantitative risk assessment model for Salmonella and whole chickens SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chicken; predictive microbiology; quantitative microbial risk assessment; Salmonella; Monte Carlo simulation ID MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY; BACTERIAL CROSS-CONTAMINATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; RAW POULTRY; BREAST MEAT; CAMPYLOBACTER; TYPHIMURIUM; ENTERITIDIS; CARCASSES; GROWTH AB Existing data and predictive models were used to define the input settings of a previously developed but modified quantitative risk assessment model (QRAM) for Salmonella and whole chickens. The QRAM was constructed in an Excel spreadsheet and was simulated using @Risk. The retail-to-table pathway was modeled as a series of unit operations and associated pathogen events that included initial contamination at retail, growth during consumer transport, thermal inactivation during cooking, cross-contamination during serving, and dose response after consumption. Published data as well as predictive models for growth and thermal inactivation of Salmonella were used to establish input settings. Noncontaminated chickens were simulated so that the QRAM could predict changes in the incidence of Salmonella contamination. The incidence of Salmonella contamination changed from 30% at retail to 0.16% after cooking to 4% at consumption. Salmonella growth on chickens during consumer transport was the only pathogen event that did not impact the risk of salmonellosis. For the scenario simulated, the QRAM predicted 0.44 cases of salmonellosis per 100,000 consumers, which was consistent with recent epidemiological data that indicate a rate of 0.66-0.88 cases of salmonellosis per 100,000 consumers of chicken. Although the QRAM was in agreement with the epidemiological data, surrogate data and models were used, assumptions were made, and potentially important unit operations and pathogen events were not included because of data gaps and thus, further refinement of the QRAM is needed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 1124 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM toscar@umes.edu NR 54 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 BP 231 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.12.002 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 824YJ UT WOS:000221722800010 PM 15135961 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Chase, CC Olson, TA Coleman, SW Hammond, AC AF Riley, DG Chase, CC Olson, TA Coleman, SW Hammond, AC TI Genetic and nongenetic influences on vigor at birth and preweaning mortality of purebred and high percentage Brahman calves SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brahman; calves; genetic parameters; mortality; vigor ID CALVING SURVEY TRAITS; BEEF-CATTLE; CALF MORTALITY; COLD TOLERANCE; NEWBORN CALVES; LAMB SURVIVAL; DAIRY-COWS; PARAMETERS; BREED; BEHAVIOR AB The objectives of this study were to assess the risk associated with proportion Brahman inheritance, cow age, dystocia, and birth date weather conditions on calf vigor at birth (n = 3,253) and preweaning mortality (n = 3,63 1), and to estimate heritabilities for these traits. Calves that had poor vigor at birth and calves that died before weaning were coded 1, and those that had adequate birth vigor or survived to weaning were coded 0. Traits were analyzed using GLM. Year (1951 to 2002), cow age, calf gender, minimum temperature on date of birth (two levels: less than or equal to5.6degreesC; or >5.6degreesC), and occurrence of dystocia were main effects in models. The proportion of Brahman inheritance in calves was modeled as a covariate. Males had greater odds of poor birth vigor (odds ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.14 to 1.82). The odds of death before weaning for steers relative to heifers approached significance (P = 0.07; odds ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 2.04). Calves born to young (3-yr-old) or very old (13 yr or older) cows had greater (P < 0.05) odds of poor vigor and death before weaning than calves of 5-yr-old cows. Calves with difficult births had 2.59 times greater odds of poor birth vigor (95% confidence interval 1.40 to 4.79) and 12.9 times greater odds of death before weaning (95% confidence interval 8.14 to 20.39) than calves born with no dystocia. Calves born on days with minimum temperatures of 5.6degreesC or less had greater odds of poor vigor (odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.50 to 2.59) and of death before weaning (odds ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 2.13) than did calves born on days with higher minimums. The occurrence of rainfall on date of birth did not influence calf vigor at birth or preweaning mortality (P > 0.85). Purebred Brahman calves had 24.7 times greater odds (95% confidence interval 8.23 to 73.97) of poor vigor than 2/3 Brahman calves. The regression coefficient estimate for fraction of Brahman inheritance approached significance (P = 0.07) for preweaning mortality. Estimates of direct and maternal heritability were 0.09 +/- 0.05 and 0.10 +/- 0.04 for birth vigor, and 0.06 +/- 0.05 and 0.09 +/- 0.04, respectively, for preweaning mortality. Some exploitable genetic variation exists for these traits, but management of other factors may yield more immediate improvement than selection. C1 USDA, ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Riley, DG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM dgriley@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 39 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1581 EP 1588 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 824HU UT WOS:000221678100004 PM 15216983 ER PT J AU Yen, JT Varel, VH Nienaber, JA AF Yen, JT Varel, VH Nienaber, JA TI Metabolic and microbial responses in western crossbred and Meishan growing pigs fed a high-fiber diet SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE energetics; high-fiber diet; microbial fiber degradation; nutrient utilization; pigs; VFA absorption ID VEIN-DRAINED ORGANS; HEPATIC PORTAL-VEIN; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; CONSCIOUS SWINE; NET ABSORPTION; FIBROUS FEEDS; NUTRIENTS; ENERGY; DIGESTIBILITY; DETERGENTS AB Four Duroc x White composite crossbred (21.8 +/- 1.0 kg BW) and four 12-wk-old Meishan purebred (20.7 +/- 1.6 kg BW) growing barrows were used to determine the relative breed differences in metabolic and microbial responses to a high-fiber diet. The pigs were trained to consume 700 g of a diet containing 35% (as-fed basis) dehydrated alfalfa meal once daily. The pigs' daily intakes of DM, N, GE, NDF, and ADF were 610 g, 16.6 g, 2.64 Mcal, 150 g, and 88 g, respectively. On d 12 after surgical catheterization of the portal vein, ileal vein, and carotid artery, a 3-d total urine and feces collection was conducted. On d 24 after surgery, each pig was placed in an open-circuit calorimeter, and its catheters were connected to a system for simultaneous measurements of oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera and by whole body, and the net portal absorption of VFA after a 24-h fasting and during a 5-h postprandial period. The VFA measured included acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids. A second 3-d total urine and feces collection was conducted on d 30 after surgery. There were no differences (P = 0.13) between the first and second collections in apparent total-tract digestibility coefficients for nutrients and N retention of pigs. Compared with Duroc x White composite crossbred pigs, Meishan pigs had lower (P = 0.05) apparent digestibility coefficients for DM, N, NDF, hemicellulose, and N retention, but their portal-drained viscera used a greater (P = 0.05) fraction of whole-body oxygen consumption. No differences (P = 0.12) were found between Duroc x White composite crossbred and Meishan pigs in total viable bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria from fecal samples, in vitro digestibility of alfalfa NDF fractions by fecal inocula, whole-body oxygen consumption, net portal absorption of VFA, total energy of absorbed VFA, and the potential of absorbed VFA for meeting the energy needs for whole-body heat production. These results indicate that, in contrast to previous beliefs, the ability of Meishan growing pigs to utilize a high-fiber diet is not superior to that of Duroc x White composite crossbred growing pigs. C1 USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Yen, JT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM jtyen@email.marc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1740 EP 1755 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 824HU UT WOS:000221678100023 PM 15217002 ER PT J AU Soto-Navarro, SA Lawler, TL Taylor, JB Reynolds, LP Reed, JJ Finley, JW Caton, JS AF Soto-Navarro, SA Lawler, TL Taylor, JB Reynolds, LP Reed, JJ Finley, JW Caton, JS TI Effect of high-selenium wheat on visceral organ mass, and intestinal cellularity and vascularity in finishing beef steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cellular growth; intestine; selenium; steer; wheat ID CELL-PROLIFERATION; ESTROUS-CYCLE; GROWTH; CANCER; EWES; ANGIOGENESIS; MORPHOLOGY; PREGNANCY; HORMONES; BROCCOLI AB Twelve crossbred steers (351 +/- 24 kg initial BW) were used to determine effects of high-Se wheat on visceral tissue mass, intestinal cell growth, and intestinal cellularity and vascularity. Steers were allotted randomly by BW to one of two treatments consisting of 75% concentrate diets that supplied 1) adequate Se concentration (7 to 12 mug(.)kg(.)BW(-1.)d(-1)) or 2) high-Se concentration (60 to 70 mug(.)kg(.)BW(-1.)d(-1)). Diets were similar in composition, including 25% grass hay, 25% wheat, 39% corn, 5% desugared molasses, and 6% wheat middlings supplement on a DM basis. In the Se treatment, high-Se wheat (10 ppm Se, DM basis) was replaced with low-Se wheat (0.35 ppm Se, DM basis). Diets were formulated to be similar in CP and energy (14.0% CP, 2.12 Mcal of NEm/kg, and 1.26 Mcal NEg/ kg of DM) and were offered daily (1500) to individual steers in an electronic feeding system. Diets were fed at 2.38% BW. After 126 d, steers were slaughtered, and individual visceral tissue weights determined. Concentrations of DNA, RNA, and protein of duodenum, ileum, and total small intestine were not affected (P greater than or equal to 0.33) by treatment. Similarly, RNA:DNA and protein:DNA ratios in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and whole small intestine were not (P greater than or equal to 0.33) affected by feeding high-Se wheat. Conversely, jejunal weight was greater (P < 0.002) in steers fed high-Se wheat than in controls (916 vs. 1,427 +/- 84 g). Jejunal DNA was increased (P < 0.04) in steers fed high-Se wheat (2.95 vs. 3.56 +/- 0.19 mg/g), suggesting increased cell number. Concentrations of Jejunal RNA and protein were not altered by treatment; however, because the jejunal weight increased in high-Se steers, DNA, RNA, and protein contents (grams) were greater than in control steers (P < 0.05). Vascularity of jejunal tissue decreased (P < 0.10) with high-Se wheat; however, because jejunal mass was greater for the high-Se wheat treatment, total microvascular volume was not affected by treatment. Percentage of Jejunal crypt cell proliferation was not affected (P = 0.48) by treatment; however, total number of cells proliferating within the Jejunum was increased in steers fed high-Se wheat. Data indicate that the lower jejunal vascularity in the diet high in Se (provided from wheat) may have resulted in increased jejunal mass to meet physiological nutrient demand. Therefore, negative effects of Se level used in this study on productive performance of feedlot steers are not expected. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Caton, JS (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM joel.caton@ndsu.nodak.edu RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1788 EP 1793 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 824HU UT WOS:000221678100028 PM 15217007 ER PT J AU Jenkins, TG Ferrell, CL AF Jenkins, TG Ferrell, CL TI Preweaning efficiency for mature cows of breed crosses from tropically adapted Bos indicus and Bos taurus and unadapted Bos taurus breeds SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adapted; cattle; efficiency; preweaning; sanga ID X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; MILK-YIELD; CATTLE; TRAITS; BRAHMAN; ENERGY; PALATABILITY; LACTATION; SYSTEMS AB Production data were collected on mature cows produced by mating Angus and Hereford (pooled AH), Brahman (Bh) and Boran (Br), and Tuli, a tropically adapted Bos taurus, sires by AI or natural service to Angus and Hereford cows. These cows were mated to Charolais bulls for the purpose of this study. Within each sire breed of cow, cows were assigned randomly to one of three feeding rates, 49 or 76 g of DMI/BW0.75 or ad libitum (10 to 12 cows/feeding rate group), with weekly individual animal feed consumption recorded. Lactation yields were recorded via the weigh-suckle-weigh protocol at approximately 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168, and 196 d postpartum for each cow/calf pair. Means for milk yield at peak lactation, total milk yields, calf birth weight, age-adjusted weaning weights, preweaning daily gain, and feed efficiency were estimated. Peak yield (kg/d) for Bh (10.3 +/- 0.36) was greater (P < 0.05) than for Tuli (9.0 +/- 0.31). Total yield (kg, 212 d) for Bh (1802 +/- 68) was greater (P < 0.05) than for Tull (1532 +/- 59). Birth weight of AH (44 +/- 0.9) was heavier than for Bh and Br (P < 0.05). Preweaning daily calf gain (g/d) and adjusted weaning weight (kg) of Bh (813 +/- 28, 212 +/- 6.1) and Br(766 +/- 24, 202 +/- 5.1) differed (P < 0.05) from AH (589 +/- 24, 169 +/- 5.2) and Tuli (634 +/- 24, 176 +/- 5.3). Efficiency estimates (grams of adjusted weaning weight/kilograms DMI of the cow) for Bh (88 +/- 2.5) and Br (85 +/- 2.1) exceeded (P < 0.05) those for Tuli (74 +/- 2.1) and AH (73 +/- 2.1). Bos indicus breed crosses exhibited greater peak and total yield, lower birth weight, greater daily gain and adjusted weaning weight, and higher feed efficiency than did Bos taurus breed crosses (P < 0.05). Total yield, daily gain, adjusted weaning weight, and feed efficiency were higher (P < 0.05) for cows sired by bulls from tropically adapted breeds, and the peak yield was less (P < 0.10). Tuli exhibited lower total yield and birth weight than did Angus/Hereford (P < 0.05). The efficiency of crossbred Tuli cows did not differ from Angus/Hereford F, females, but neither equaled the efficiency of crossbred cows produced using Bos indicus breeds. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Jenkins, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM jenkins@email.marc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1876 EP 1881 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 824HU UT WOS:000221678100038 PM 15217017 ER PT J AU Arnold, JW Boothe, DH Mitchell, BW AF Arnold, JW Boothe, DH Mitchell, BW TI Use of negative air ionization for reducing bacterial pathogens and spores on stainless steel surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biofilm; negative air ionization; pathogen; poultry; stainless steel ID SPACE-CHARGE SYSTEM; AIRBORNE PATHOGENS; HATCHING CABINETS; CONTAMINATION; TRANSMISSION; ENTERITIDIS; DUST AB The use of chemicals in food plant sanitation for removing and killing microorganisms could be reduced by the use of alternative nonchemical interventions. Supercharged negative air ionizers have shown potential to effectively reduce airborne and surface microorganisms. In our earlier studies, a small chamber, controlled at 85% relative humidity and supercharged with a -25 kV electrostatic space charge system (ESCS), was used to transfer a strong negative charge to bacteria on stainless steel surfaces. The ESCS treatment caused the levels of biofilm bacteria from chicken carcass rinses to be significantly decreased with 99.8% efficiency at a distance of 18 cm with ion densities of 10(6) negative ions/cm(3) or more. In the present study, effects of the -25 kV charge of ESCS on specific pathogens important for food safety were studied. Treatment of Campylobacter Jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus achieved up to a 4 log reduction with 99.9% reduction efficiency in 3 h. Treatment of bacterial spores, of Bacillus stearothermophilus achieved up to a 3 log reduction with a 99.8% reduction efficiency in 3 h. These significant reductions for 5 species of pathogenic bacteria and bacterial spores suggest that the ESCS is a promising alternative treatment for reduction of microbial load in a food-processing facility with the potential to reduce the amount of antimicrobials used. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Arnold, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll St Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jarnold@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 200 EP 206 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 968EG UT WOS:000232144100007 ER PT J AU Miles, DM Lott, BD Branton, SL Simmons, JD AF Miles, DM Lott, BD Branton, SL Simmons, JD TI Development of a water stick to measure nipple waterer flow rates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; nipple waterer; water; flow rate; performance ID BROILER PERFORMANCE; CONSUMPTION AB Inadequate drinking water supplies have been cited as a I major reason for poor weight, gain in broiler production. One of the limiting factors is nipple waterer flow rate. Research demonstrated, a constant water flow rate of 25 mL/min inpeded BW by approximately 156g (0.34 lb) at 6 wk of age compared with those having 75 mL/min through the grow out. A device to measure nipple flow rates was developed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, pipefittings, aluminum screen, and a centrifuge tube. The instrument, is 41 1 in. tall so that the user stands to obtain. a measurement eliminating the need to kneel in litter while activating the nipple. This water stick features a screened trip plate to activate the nipple, a clear polypropylene measuring tube, and a pour spout for discarding the sample. Following the description herein, the stick can be easily constructed so that the conscientious integrator, grower, or researcher can assure flocks an adequate drinking water supply. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Pountry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miles, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dmmiles@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 258 EP 262 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 968EG UT WOS:000232144100015 ER PT J AU Hidalgo, MA Dozier, WA Davis, AJ Gordon, RW AF Hidalgo, MA Dozier, WA Davis, AJ Gordon, RW TI Live performance and meat yield responses of broilers to progressive concentrations of dietary energy maintained at a constant metabolizable energy-to-crude protein ratio SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE live performance; meat yield; dietary energy; crude protein; metabolizable energy ID CARCASS COMPOSITION AB In the US, a wide array of ME values ranging from deficient to adequate is being used to formulate diets for broilers to accommodate performance, meat yield, or economics. When formulating diets to minimize live production cost, cumulative live performance and meat recovery may be adversely affected when diets contain a suboptimum caloric concentration. Diets formulated to contain progressive concentrations of dietary energy at a constant ME:CP ratio were provided to Ross x Ross 308 male and female broilers in equal numbers to simulate straight-run birds on live performance responses during a 38-d production period. Processing yields corresponded only to males. Dietary treatments consisted of 6 feeding regimens that provided ME concentrations from 1,350,to 1,450 kcal/lb in the starter period (0 to 17 d), from 1,370 to 1,470 kcal/lb in the grower phase (from 18 to 30 d), and from 1,400 to 1,500 kcal/lb in the final phase of production (from 31 to 38 d). In general, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio suffered when broilers consumed the regimen formulated to contain the lowest ME content compared with the 2 regimens having the highest ME concentrations. Dietary treatments did not alter the incidence of mortality, abdominal fat percentage, chilled carcass yield, or yield of carcass parts. Decreasing the energy content of diets formulated to contain a constant ME:CP ratio to suboptimum concentrations can adversely affect performance, and this may be related to inadequate caloric and CP consumption. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Gold Kist Inc, Atlanta, GA 30301 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pountry Res Unit, POB 39762, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 319 EP 327 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 968EG UT WOS:000232144100022 ER PT J AU Norton, JB Monaco, TA Norton, JM Johnson, DA Jones, TA AF Norton, JB Monaco, TA Norton, JM Johnson, DA Jones, TA TI Soil morphology and organic matter dynamics under cheatgrass and sagebrush-steppe plant communities SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass; Bromus tectorum L.; Wyoming big sagebrush; Artemisia tridentata ssp Wyomingensis Beetle & AW Young; soil morphology; soil organic matter; invasive weeds; sagebrush-steppe plant community ID BROMUS-TECTORUM; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; CULTIVATED SOILS; ARID GRASSLAND; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM; CARBON; ASSIMILATION; RESPONSES AB Widespread cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) invasion represents a major shift in species dominance that may alter ecosystem processes across much of the western US. To investigate differences following Such conversion, soil morphology and organic matter under cheatgrass-dominated and native shrub-steppe vegetation were compared by standard soil analysis procedures at seven paired sites in Idaho and Utah. Results suggest that, following conversion to cheatgrass dominance, increased porosity and labile organic inputs enhance microbial decomposition in near-surface horizons beneath cheatgrass compared to adjacent soils under native vegetation. Enhanced decomposition could result in depletion of long-term SOM, leading to impoverished sites difficult to restore to native perennial vegetation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Norton, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif, Cooperat Extens, 2 S Greene St, Sonora, CA 95370 USA. RI Norton, Jeanette/G-2633-2011 OI Norton, Jeanette/0000-0002-6596-8691 NR 47 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 57 IS 4 BP 445 EP 466 DI 10.1016/S0140-1963(03)00104-6 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 816MB UT WOS:000221112900003 ER PT J AU Teff, KL Elliott, SS Tschop, M Kieffer, TJ Rader, D Heiman, M Townsend, RR Keim, NL D'Alessio, D Havel, PJ AF Teff, KL Elliott, SS Tschop, M Kieffer, TJ Rader, D Heiman, M Townsend, RR Keim, NL D'Alessio, D Havel, PJ TI Dietary fructose reduces circulating insulin and leptin, attenuates postprandial suppression of ghrelin, and increases triglycerides in women SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID GASTRIC INHIBITORY POLYPEPTIDE; ACYLATION-STIMULATING PROTEIN; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; FOOD-INTAKE; BODY-WEIGHT; ENERGY-BALANCE; ADIPOCYTE HORMONES; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; BYPASS-SURGERY; ORAL FRUCTOSE AB Previous studies indicate that leptin secretion is regulated by insulin-mediated glucose metabolism. Because fructose, unlike glucose, does not stimulate insulin secretion, we hypothesized that meals high in fructose would result in lower leptin concentrations than meals containing the same amount of glucose. Blood samples were collected every 30 - 60 min for 24 h from 12 normal-weight women on 2 randomized days during which the subjects consumed three meals containing 55, 30, and 15% of total kilocalories as carbohydrate, fat, and protein, respectively, with 30% of kilocalories as either a fructose-sweetened [ high fructose (HFr)] or glucose-sweetened [ high glucose (HGl)] beverage. Meals were isocaloric in the two treatments. Postprandial glycemic excursions were reduced by 66 +/- 12%, and insulin responses were 65 +/- 5% lower ( both P < 0.001) during HFr consumption. The area under the curve for leptin during the first 12 h ( - 33 +/- 7%; P < 0.005), the entire 24 h ( - 21 +/- 8%; P < 0.02), and the diurnal amplitude peak - nadir) ( 24 +/- 6%; P < 0.0025) were reduced on the HFr day compared with the HGl day. In addition, circulating levels of the orexigenic gastroenteric hormone, ghrelin, were suppressed by approximately 30% 1 - 2 h after ingestion of each HGl meal ( P < 0.01), but postprandial suppression of ghrelin was significantly less pronounced after HFr meals ( P< 0.05 vs. HGl). Consumption of HFr meals produced a rapid and prolonged elevation of plasma triglycerides compared with the HGl day ( P < 0.005). Because insulin and leptin, and possibly ghrelin, function as key signals to the central nervous system in the long-term regulation of energy balance, decreases of circulating insulin and leptin and increased ghrelin concentrations, as demonstrated in this study, could lead to increased caloric intake and ultimately contribute to weight gain and obesity during chronic consumption of diets high in fructose. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Penn, Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Havel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjhavel@ucdavis.edu RI Tschoep, Matthias/I-5443-2014; OI Tschoep, Matthias/0000-0002-4744-371X FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00042]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL091333, R01 HL107256]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-35747, DK-58108] NR 68 TC 308 Z9 324 U1 5 U2 43 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 89 IS 6 BP 2963 EP 2972 DI 10.1210/jc.2003-031855 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 826PB UT WOS:000221839900068 PM 15181085 ER PT J AU Paustian, ML Amonsin, A Kapur, V Bannantine, JP AF Paustian, ML Amonsin, A Kapur, V Bannantine, JP TI Characterization of novel coding sequences specific to Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis: Implications for diagnosis of Johne's disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 34-KILODALTON PROTEIN; PARA-TUBERCULOSIS; ABSORBED ELISA; ANTIGEN; CATTLE; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOGENICITY; ANTIBODIES; COMPLEX; CULTURE AB Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's Disease, an economically important intestinal ailment of ruminants. Due to the considerable genetic and serologic cross-reactivity with closely related and ubiquitous members of the M. avium complex, a species-specific method for the serological diagnosis of Johne's disease is unavailable. Computational and PCR-based analysis of the complete genome sequence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis led to the identification of 13 open reading frames with no identifiable homologs. One of these sequences is a putative insertion element present in six copies on the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome. These novel M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genes were cloned into Escherichia coli expression vectors, and nine were successfully expressed as recombinant fusion proteins. Five of these proteins were purified in sufficient amounts to allow immunoblot analyses of their reactivity with sera from naturally infected cattle as well as mice and rabbits exposed to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Fusion proteins representing MAP0862, MAP3732c, and MAP2963c were recognized by nearly all of the sera tested, including those from cattle in the clinical stages of disease. Notably, further analysis of the protein encoded by MAP0862 showed that it reacted with sera from additional infected cattle but not with sera from uninfected control animals. The fusion product of MAP0860c did not react with any of the sera tested, while the remaining four proteins were variably recognized by sera from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate the utility of genomic data to identify potential diagnostic sequences. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Minnesota, Biomed Genomics Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 N Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 24 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2675 EP 2681 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.6.2675-2681.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 829AS UT WOS:000222015800047 PM 15184451 ER PT J AU Caplazi, PA O'Rourke, KI Baszler, TV AF Caplazi, PA O'Rourke, KI Baszler, TV TI Resistance to scrapie in PrP ARR/ARQ heterozygous sheep is not caused by preferential allelic use SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOMINANT-NEGATIVE INHIBITION; PRION PROTEIN; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; SUFFOLK SHEEP; PROPAGATION; EXPRESSION; EPITOPE; BINDING; MICE AB Background: In sheep, susceptibility to scrapie, which is similar to human prion diseases such as Kuru and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), is determined by prion protein (PrP) gene (Prnp) polymorphisms. Sheep with genotype ARQ/ARQ, denoting polymorphisms at codons 136, 154, and 171, are susceptible, whereas those with genotypes ARR/ARQ and ARR/ARR are resistant, indicating dominance of ARR over the ARQ allele. Aims: Based on familial CJD E200K, 129V, where preferential use of the 200E allele in EK heterozygous individuals confers resistance, heterozygous ARR/ARQ sheep were used to test the hypothesis that resistance is caused by preferential use of the ARR allele. Methods: After assessment of equivalent PrP expression across genotypes, allele use was analysed by sequencing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction derived DNA clones containing the Prnp gene coding sequence. Results: The ARR to ARQ ratio was 1.1 in 133 clones, representing Prnp mRNA from three ARR/ARQ sheep, indicating equal use of both alleles. Conclusions: Dominance of the resistant associated allele in sheep scrapie involves mechanisms other than the absence of PrP derived from the disease associated ARQ allel. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Baszler, TV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Bustad Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM baszlert@vetmed.wsu.edu OI Caplazi, Patrick/0000-0002-3411-1257 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0021-9746 J9 J CLIN PATHOL JI J. Clin. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 57 IS 6 BP 647 EP 650 DI 10.1136/jcp.2003.012203 PG 4 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 824GP UT WOS:000221674800016 PM 15166274 ER PT J AU Koller, EA Weber, J Doraiswamy, PM Schneider, BS AF Koller, EA Weber, J Doraiswamy, PM Schneider, BS TI A survey of reports of quetiapine-associated hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUGS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; BODYWEIGHT GAIN; GLUCOSE-UPTAKE; WEIGHT-GAIN; PC12 CELLS; RISPERIDONE; PHARMACOKINETICS; CLOZAPINE AB Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of hyperglycemia in patients treated with quetiapine. Method: A pharmacovigilance survey of spontaneously reported adverse events in quetiapine-treated patients was conducted using reports from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration MedWatch program (January 1, 1997, through July 31, 2002) and published cases using the search terms hyperglycemia, diabetes, acidosis, ketosis, and ketoacidosis. Results: We identified 46 reports of quetiapine-associated hyperglycemia or diabetes and 9 additional reports of acidosis that occurred in the absence of hyperglycemia and were excluded from the immediate analyses. Of the reports of quetiapine-associated hyperglycemia, 34 patients had newly diagnosed hyperglycemia, 8 had exacerbation of preexisting diabetes mellitus, and 4 could not be classified. The mean +/-SD age was 35.3 +/- 16.2 years (range, 5-76 years). New-onset patients (aged 31.2 +/- 14.8 years) tended to be younger than those with preexisting diabetes (43.5 +/- 16.4 years, p = .08). The overall male:female ratio was 1.9. Most cases appeared within 6 months of quetiapine initiation. The severity of cases ranged from mild glucose intolerance to diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma. There were 21 cases of ketoacidosis or ketosis. There were I I deaths. Conclusion: Atypical antipsychotic use may unmask or precipitate hyperglycemia. Update: An additional 23 cases were identified since August 1, 2002, the end of the first survey, by extending the search through November 30, 2003, bringing the total to 69. C1 USDA, Div Metab & Endocrine Drug Prod, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Review, Rockville, MD USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Psychiat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Schneider, BS (reprint author), Assoc Amer Med Coll, 24500 N St,NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM bschneider@aamc.org NR 44 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICIANS POSTGRADUATE PRESS PI MEMPHIS PA P O BOX 240008, MEMPHIS, TN 38124 USA SN 0160-6689 J9 J CLIN PSYCHIAT JI J. Clin. Psychiatry PD JUN PY 2004 VL 65 IS 6 BP 857 EP 863 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 840MI UT WOS:000222862400019 PM 15291665 ER PT J AU Bilodeau, AL Bourgeois, RP AF Bilodeau, AL Bourgeois, RP TI Impact of beach restoration on the deep-burrowing ghost shrimp, Callichirus islagrande SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment characteristics; silt loading; Callichirus ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MARINE INVERTEBRATE; LARVAL DISPERSAL; WEST-COAST; SEA; POPULATIONS; CRUSTACEA; SAND; THALASSINIDEA; NOURISHMENT AB Restorations of barrier islands can be beneficial to coastal marshes, but may also have detrimental effects on intertidal macrobenthic communities. Two barrier islands of the Isles Dernieres chain of Louisiana were recently renourished with dredged sediments taken from the adjacent estuary. This study addresses the impact of beach restoration on intertidal populations of the burrowing ghost shrimp, Callichirus islagrande. We compared sediment characteristics of the restored sites and neighboring sites (both with and without shrimp) and examined the effect of sediment alteration on recolonization rates. Beach height was increased by an average of 2.4 m. Differentiation among sites with respect to silt/clay, sand, and gravel fractions was significant (P < 0.001). East Island, the primary site of restoration, had the largest proportion of silt/clay sediments (40% of total) whereas Trinity Island had the largest proportion of gravel (12%). Minimal population recovery (total = 3 individuals) was evident 2 years post-restoration. High levels of silt/clay loading at East Island appear to have slowed population recovery. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol Sci, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. RP Bilodeau, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM abilodeau@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 931 EP 936 DI 10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[931:IOBROT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 872JN UT WOS:000225203600030 ER PT J AU Farrell, HM Jimenez-Flores, R Bleck, GT Brown, EM Butler, JE Creamer, LK Hicks, CL Hollar, CM Ng-Kwai-Hang, KF Swaisgood, HE AF Farrell, HM Jimenez-Flores, R Bleck, GT Brown, EM Butler, JE Creamer, LK Hicks, CL Hollar, CM Ng-Kwai-Hang, KF Swaisgood, HE TI Nomenclature of the proteins of cows' milk - Sixth revision SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE milk protein; structure; nomenclature; review ID BOVINE BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN GENE; 15-RESIDUE LACTOFERRICIN DERIVATIVES; INDIVIDUAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUBCLASSES; MOLTEN GLOBULE STATE; N-TERMINAL SEQUENCE; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE AB This report of the American Dairy Science Association Committee on the Nomenclature, Classification, and Methodology of Milk Proteins reviews changes in the nomenclature of milk proteins necessitated by recent advances of our knowledge of milk proteins. Identification of major caseins and whey proteins continues to be based upon their primary structures. Nomenclature of the immunoglobulins consistent with new international standards has been developed, and all bovine immunoglobulins have been characterized at the molecular level. Other significant findings related to nomenclature and protein methodology are elucidation of several new genetic variants of the major milk proteins, establishment by sequencing techniques and sequence alignment of the bovine caseins and whey proteins as the reference point for the nomenclature of all homologous milk proteins, completion of crystallographic studies for major whey proteins, and advances in the study of lactoferrin, allowing it to be added to the list of fully characterized milk proteins. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Food Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Gala Design, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Univ Iowa, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. Fonterra Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Masterfoods USA, Burr Ridge, IL 60527 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM hfarrell@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Jimenez-Flores, Rafael/I-5229-2013; OI Jimenez-Flores, Rafael/0000-0003-4905-5021 NR 318 TC 459 Z9 487 U1 28 U2 171 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1641 EP 1674 PG 34 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 825ZH UT WOS:000221797500010 PM 15453478 ER PT J AU Oba, M Baldwin, RL Owens, SL Bequette, BJ AF Oba, M Baldwin, RL Owens, SL Bequette, BJ TI Urea synthesis by ruminal epithelial and duodenal mucosal cells from growing sheep SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE duodenum; rumen; sheep; urea synthesis ID CONCENTRATE RATIO; IN-VITRO; METABOLISM; AMMONIA; ENERGY; LIVER; PIGS AB The objective was to determine whether ruminant gut tissues have the capability to synthesize urea in a short-term incubation. Mixed primary cell cultures containing ruminal epithelial (REC) or duodenal mucosal cells (DMC) were isolated from growing sheep (n = 4) fed a mixed forage-concentrate diet. Cells were incubated (90 min) in a Krebs salts-based buffer with either acetate (5 mM) or propionate (5 mM) plus a combination of substrate intermediates (5 mM) for urea synthesis: arginine, aspartate + citrulline (AspC), aspartate + ornithine + ammonia (AspON), or AspON + N-carbamoylglutamate (AspONG) in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. Volatile fatty acid, propionate vs. acetate, did not influence net urea synthesis. For REC, net urea synthesis (nmoles.(10(6) cells)(-1).90 min(-1)) was greatest with Arg (54.5 +/- 6.3) followed by AspC (4.6 +/- 1.1) and AspONG (3.6 +/- 1.4). For DMC, net urea synthesis for Arg (2.1 +/- 0.7) and AspONG (1.9 +/- 0.7) treatments was greater than for AspC (0.3 +/- 0.7) and AspON (-0.6 +/- 0.7) treatments. Thus, for both REC and DMC, arginase activity appeared to be sufficient for catabolism of arginine to urea. Furthermore, greater urea synthesis from ammonia, ornithine and aspartate in the presence of the N-acetylglutamate analogue suggests that carbamoyl phosphate synthetase is probably rate-limiting for urea synthesis and ammonia detoxification by ruminant gut tissues. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bequette, BJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bbequette@wam.umd.edu NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1803 EP 1805 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 825ZH UT WOS:000221797500027 PM 15453495 ER PT J AU Gengler, N Wiggans, GR Gillon, A AF Gengler, N Wiggans, GR Gillon, A TI Estimated heterogeneity of phenotypic variance of test-day yield with a structural variance model SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heterogeneity of variance; (co)variance structure; test-day yield ID METHOD-R; ADJUSTMENT; PARAMETERS; COW AB First-lactation test-day milk, fat, and protein yields from New York, Wisconsin, and California herds from 1990 through 2000 were adjusted additively for age and lactation stage. A random regression model with third-order Legendre polynomials for permanent environmental and genetic effects was used. The model included a random effect with the same polynomial regressions for 2 yr of calvings within herd (herd-time effect) to provide herd-specific lactation curves that can change every 2 yr. (Co)variance components were estimated using expectation-maximization REML simultaneously with phenotypic variances that were modeled using a structural variance model. Maximum heritability for test-day milk yield was estimated to be similar to20% around 200 to 250 d in milk; heritabilities were slightly lower for test-day fat and protein yields. Herd-time effects explained 12 to 20% of phenotypic variance and had the greatest impact at start of lactation. Variances of test-day yields increased with time, subclass size, and milking frequency. Test month had limited influence on variance. Variance increased for cows in herds with low and high milk yields and for early and late lactation stages. Repeatabilities of variances observed for a given class of herd, test-day, and milking frequency were 14 to 17% across nested variance subclasses based on lactation stage. C1 Natl Fund Sci Res, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Gembloux Agr Univ, Anim Sci Unit, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gengler, N (reprint author), Natl Fund Sci Res, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM gengler.n@fsagx.ac.be OI Gengler, Nicolas/0000-0002-5981-5509 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1908 EP 1916 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 825ZH UT WOS:000221797500040 PM 15453508 ER PT J AU Tabashnik, BE Liu, YB Unnithan, DC Carriere, W Dennehy, TJ Morin, S AF Tabashnik, BE Liu, YB Unnithan, DC Carriere, W Dennehy, TJ Morin, S TI Shared genetic basis of resistance to bt toxin Cry1Ac in independent strains of pink bollworm SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetics; genetically modified crops; resistance; Bacillus thuringiensis; Pectinophora gossypiella ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; IN-FIELD POPULATIONS; INSECT RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC COTTON; PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; GELECHIIDAE)/; (LEPIDOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA; FREQUENCY AB Classical and molecular genetic analyses show that two independently derived resistant strains of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), share a genetic locus at which three mutant alleles confer resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1Ac, One laboratory-selected resistant strain (AZP-R) was derived from individuals collected in 1997 from 10 Arizona cotton fields, whereas the other (APHIS-98R) was derived from a long-term susceptible laboratory strain. Both strains were previously reported to show traits of "mode 1" resistance, the most common type of lepidopteran resistance to Cry1A toxins. Inheritance of resistance to a diagnostic concentration of Cry1Ac (10 mug per gram of diet) was recessive in both strains. In interstrain complementation tests for allelism, F-1 progeny from crosses between the two strains were resistant to the diagnostic concentration of Cry1Ac. These results indicate that a major resistance locus is shared by the two strains. Analysis of DNA from the pink bollworm cadherin gene (BtR) using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests showed that the previously identified resistance alleles (r1, r2, and r3) occurred in both strains, but their frequencies differed between strains. In conjunction with previous findings, the results reported here suggest that PCR-based detection of the three known cadherin resistance alleles might be useful for monitoring resistance to Cry1Ac-producing Bt cotton in field populations of pink bollworm. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Dept Entomol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Tabashnik, BE (reprint author), ARS, Agr Res Stn, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM brucet@ag.arizona.edu NR 28 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 721 EP 726 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0721:SGBORT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200001 PM 15279243 ER PT J AU Sampson, BJ Danka, RG Stringer, SJ AF Sampson, BJ Danka, RG Stringer, SJ TI Nectar robbery by bees Xylocopa virginica and Apis mellifera contributes to the pollination of rabbiteye blueberry SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE honey bee; carpenter bee; Vaccinium ashei; pollination; Habropoda laboriosa ID HYMENOPTERA; VACCINIUM; ERICACEAE; APOIDEA; PATTERNS AB Honey bees, Apis mellifera L., probe for nectar from robbery slits previously made by male carpenter bees, Xylocopa virginica (L.), at the flowers of rabbiteye blueberry, Vaccinium ashei Reade. This relationship between primary nectar robbers (carpenter bees) and secondary nectar thieves (honey bees) is poorly understood but seemingly unfavorable for V. ashei pollination. We designed two studies to measure the impact of nectar robbers on V. ashei pollination. First, counting the amount of pollen on stigmas (stigmatic pollen loading) showed that nectar robbers delivered fewer blueberry tetrads per stigma after single floral visits than did our benchmark pollinator, the southeastern blueberry bee, Habropoda laboriosa (F.), a recognized effective pollinator of blueberries. Increasing numbers of floral visits by carpenter bee and honey bee robbers yielded larger stigmatic loads. As few as three robbery visits were equivalent to one legitimate visit by a pollen-collecting H. laboriosa female. More than three robbery visits per flower slightly depressed stigmatic pollen loads. In our second study, a survey of 10 commercial blueberry farms demonstrated that corolla slitting by carpenter bees (i.e., robbery) has no appreciable affect on overall V. ashei fruit set. Our observations demonstrate male carpenter bees are benign or even potentially beneficial floral visitors of V. ashei. Their robbery of blueberry flowers in the southeast may attract more honey bee pollinators to the crop. C1 ARS, USDA, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Sampson, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 735 EP 740 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0735:NRBBXV]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200003 PM 15279245 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Lopez, DL AF Evans, JD Lopez, DL TI Bacterial Probiotics induce an immune response in the honey bee (Hymenoptera : Apidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE innate immunity; antimicrobial peptide; American foulbrood ID PAENIBACILLUS-LARVAE-LARVAE; AMERICAN FOULBROOD; VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; APIS-MELLIFERA; IN-VITRO; RESISTANCE; COLONIES; PEPTIDE; GROWTH AB To explore immune system activation in the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., larvae of four ages were exposed through feeding to spores of a natural pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae larvae, to cells of a diverse set of related nonpathogenic bacteria, and to bacterial coat components. These larvae were then assayed for RNA levels of genes encoding two antibacterial peptides, abaecin and defensin. Larvae exposed to either P. l. larvae or a mix of nonpathogenic bacteria showed high RNA levels for the abaecin gene relative to controls. First instars responded significantly to the presence of the nonpathogenic mix within 12 h after exposure, a time when they remain highly susceptible to bacterial invasion. This response was sustained for two successive instars, eventually becoming 21-fold higher in larvae exposed to probiotic spores versus control larvae. The mixture of nonpathogenic bacteria is therefore presented as a potential surrogate for assaying the immune responses of different honey bee lineages. It also is proposed that nonpathogenic bacteria can be used as a probiotic to enhance honey bee immunity, helping bee larvae, and other life stages, survive attacks from pathogens in the field. C1 ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, BARC E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 25 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 36 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 752 EP 756 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0752:BPIAIR]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200006 PM 15279248 ER PT J AU Prom, LK Lopez, JD AF Prom, LK Lopez, JD TI Viability of Claviceps africana spores ingested by adult corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Claviceps africana; Helicoverpa zea; corn earworm; sorghum headworm ID ERGOT FUNGUS; SORGHUM; TRANSMISSION; HONEYDEW AB A study was conducted in College Station, TX, to determine the viability of Claviceps africana spores in the digestive tract of adult corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Both sexes were exposed to ergot-infected sorghum panicles for 30 min, and spores were recovered from excreta of the moths at 24-, 48-, and 72-h intervals after feeding. Recovered spores were quantified, and viability was determined by the germination rate of macroconidia. Nearly a 100-fold greater concentration of spores was recovered from female excreta at the three time intervals compared with male excreta. Concentration of spores in female and male excreta was greatest at 24 h, with a significant reduction at the later time intervals. Spore germination rates for both sexes were greater at 24 h, with survival being significantly reduced at the 72-h interval. Spores in female excreta survived longer than those from male excreta. Spore survival over time was significantly reduced in male excreta. Spore concentration and survival were greater from female excreta, which is key, because egg-laying activities on sorghum panicles intensify during flowering, and this source of ergot spores could contribute to the spread of the disease. This study demonstrates that corn earworm moths can internally carry viable ergot spores for several days and can act as primary dispersal agents for the fungus. This is important because contaminated moths migrating from areas in Mexico and southern Texas where ergot is endemic could transmit and spread the disease to other sorghum growing regions of the United States. C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Prom, LK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM lprom@cgru.usda.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 764 EP 767 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0764:VOCASI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200008 PM 15279250 ER PT J AU Gingery, RE Anderson, RJ Redinbaugh, MG AF Gingery, RE Anderson, RJ Redinbaugh, MG TI Effect of environmental conditions and leafhopper gender on Maize chlorotic dwarf virus transmission by Graminella nigrifrons (Homoptera : Cicadellidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE temperature; atmospheric pressure; light ID RESISTANCE AB To determine the most economical and efficient means to maintain cultures of Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) and to screen for host plant resistance to MCDV, we evaluated the effects of temperature, light intensity, daylength, atmospheric pressure, and leafhopper gender on the frequency of transmission of MCDV by Graminella nigrifrons Forbes (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Female leafhoppers transmitted at higher frequencies than males under most conditions. In temperature studies, transmission rates for both mate and female leafhoppers progressively increased as temperatures rose from 20 to 30degreesC. At high light intensities, both males and females transmitted at greater frequencies than they did at low. Similarly, longer day lengths were correlated with higher transmission rates for both sexes. No significant differences in transmission rates were observed in response to differences in atmospheric pressure. The results also showed that transmission rates under most conditions are high enough to overcome potential ambiguities caused by inoculated susceptible plants that do not become infected (disease escapes) when screening for resistance. C1 Ohio State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn & Soybean Res Unit,Dept Plant Pathol,Ohio Ag, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, ARS, CSRU,Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Gingery, RE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn & Soybean Res Unit,Dept Plant Pathol,Ohio Ag, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 768 EP 773 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0768:EOECAL]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200009 PM 15279251 ER PT J AU Martin, PAW Blackburn, M Shropshire, ADS AF Martin, PAW Blackburn, M Shropshire, ADS TI New bacterial pathogens of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect biocontrol; insect pathogen; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Chromobacterium violaceum; Photorhabdus luminescens ID PHOTORHABDUS-LUMINESCENS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; INSECTICIDAL TOXINS; AMBER DISEASE; GRASS GRUB; PURIFICATION; SERRATIA; PROTEINS; COMPLEX AB Other than Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, few bacteria are lethal to the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]), a major pest of potatoes and eggplant. Expanded use of biologicals for the control of Colorado potato beetle will improve resistance management, reduce pesticide use, and produce novel compounds for potential use in transgenic plants. Using freeze-dried, rehydrated artificial diet in pellet form to screen bacteria lethal to other insects, we determined that strains of Photorhabdus luminescens killed Colorado potato beetle larvae. The LC50 for second instar larvae of strain HM5-1 was 6.4 +/- 1.87 x 10(7) cells per diet pellet. In an attempt to find additional naturally occurring R luminescens strains toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae, we recovered, from soil, bacteria that produced a purple pigment. This bacterial strain, identified as Chromobacterium sp. by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, was also toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae within 3 d. The LC50 for second instar larvae for these bacteria was 2.0 +/- 0.79 x 10(8) cells per diet pellet, while the LC50 was approximately 1 log lower for third instar larvae. P. luminescens appeared to kill by means of a protein toxin that may be similar to the described lepidopteran protein toxins. Based on the heat and acid stability, the toxin or toxins that Chromobacterium sp. produces, while not fully characterized, do not appear to be typical proteins. In both bacteria, the toxins are made after exponential growth ceases. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pmartin@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 774 EP 780 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0774:TNBPOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200010 PM 15279252 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG Mullinix, BG AF Tillman, PG Mullinix, BG TI Comparison of susceptibility of pest Euschistus servus and predator Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) to selected insecticides SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Euschistus servus; Podisus maculiventris; insecticide susceptibility ID STINK BUG HEMIPTERA; SPINED SOLDIER BUG; COTTON; THIAMETHOXAM AB Susceptibility of the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), and the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), to acetamiprid, cyfluthrin, dicrotophos, indoxacarb, oxamyl, and thiamethoxam, was compared in residual and oral toxicity tests. Generally, susceptibility of P. maculiventris to insecticides was significantly greater than or not significantly different from that of E. servus. Cyfluthrin and oxamyl were more toxic to the predator than to E. servus in residual and feeding tests, respectively. Dicrotophos is the only compound that exhibited both good residual and oral activity against E. servus, but even this toxicant was more toxic to the predator than to the pest in oral toxicity tests. Feeding on indoxacarb-treated food caused high mortality for both nymphs and adults of P. maculiventris. In contrast, E. servus was unaffected by feeding on food treated with this compound. Insecticide selectivity to P. maculiventris was detected only with acetamiprid for adults in residual toxicity tests and for nymphs in oral toxicity tests. Because insecticide selectivity to P. maculiventris was limited, it is extremely important to conserve P. maculiventris in cotton fields by applying these insecticides for control of brown stink bugs only when the pest reaches economic threshold. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Expt Stat, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pgt@tifton.usda.gov NR 33 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 800 EP 806 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0800:COSOPE]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200014 PM 15279256 ER PT J AU Coudron, TA Kim, Y AF Coudron, TA Kim, Y TI Life history and cost analysis for continuous rearing of Perillus bioculatus (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) on a zoophytogenous artificial diet SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beneficial insect; fecundity; cost efficiency; artificial diet ID PREDACEOUS STINK BUG; TABLE PARAMETERS; HEMIPTERA; PREDATOR AB The impact of a zoophytogenous, insect-free artificial diet on the developmental rate, life history parameters, and fertility was examined over 11 consecutive generations for domesticated Perillus bioculatus (F.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). This study showed that when fed an insect-free artificial diet during both the nymphal and adult stages, developmental times were prolonged, and the net reproductive rates (R-0) and the intrinsic rates of increase (r(m)) were significantly lower than when fed larval Trichoplusia ni at both nymphal and adult stages. Moreover, the cost to rear F. bioculatus on the artificial diet approached 1.1 times the cost of rearing P. bioculatus on natural prey. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and potential cost-savings of the zoophytogenous artificial diet for rearing a beneficial pentatomid. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Coudron, TA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Res Pk,1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 807 EP 812 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0807:LHACAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200015 PM 15279257 ER PT J AU Neven, LG AF Neven, LG TI Effects of low temperature on egg and larval stages of the lesser appleworm (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lesser appleworm; Grapholita prunivora; Tortricidae; cold; apple ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; COLD-STORAGE; HEAT-TREATMENTS; STONE FRUITS; MORTALITY; FUMIGATION; POMONELLA AB Lesser appleworm, Grapholita prunivora (Walsh), eggs were subjected to cold storage conditions at 2.0degreesC +/- 0.2degreesC for 0-90 d. The most tolerant embryonic stage was the blackhead stage (96-120-h-old eggs) with an LT90 of 25 d. The four instars of lesser appleworm were subjected to cold storage conditions at 2.0degreesC +/- 0.2degreesC for 0-280 d. The fourth instar was the most tolerant to cold storage, with an LT90 of 71.5 d. Exposure to low temperatures such as those commonly used for fruit storage shows promise as an alternative to fumigation for lesser appleworm eggs and larvae on apples and pears after harvest. C1 ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Neven, LG (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 820 EP 823 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0820:EOLTOE]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200017 PM 15279259 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ AF Hallman, GJ TI Ionizing irradiation quarantine treatment against oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in ambient and hypoxic atmospheres SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grapholita molesta; phytosanitary treatment; controlled atmosphere; commodity treatment ID QUALITY AB Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), is a pest of many rosaceous temperate fruits, including pomes, Malus spp., and stone fruits, Prunus spp., in much of the world. However, some areas are free of the pest, and shipments of fruit hosts from infested to noninfested areas may be regulated. Current quarantine treatments for oriental fruit moth include methyl bromide fumigation and cold storage for several weeks. Methyl bromide use is being restricted because it is a stratospheric ozone-depleting substance, and alternatives are sought. Cold is not tolerated by many hosts of oriental fruit moth. The objective of this research was to develop irradiation quarantine treatments against the pest under ambient and hypoxic storage conditions because some hosts of oriental fruit moth are stored in hypoxic atmospheres, and hypoxia is known to lessen the effects of irradiation. In ambient atmospheres, no adults emerged from 58,779 fifth instars (the most radiotolerant stage present in fruit) irradiated with a target dose of 200 Gy (195-232 Gy measured). In atmospheres flushed with nitrogen, 5.3% of adults emerged from 44,050 fifth instars irradiated with a target dose of 200 Gy (194-230 Gy measured), but they died at a faster rate than control adults and without laying eggs. A dose of 232 Gy (the maximum recorded when 200 Gy was targeted) is recommended to disinfest any fruit of oriental fruit moth under ambient and hypoxic atmospheres. C1 ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, USDA, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 824 EP 827 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0824:IIQTAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200018 PM 15279260 ER PT J AU Qureshi, JA Buschman, LL Throne, JE Ramaswamy, SB AF Qureshi, JA Buschman, LL Throne, JE Ramaswamy, SB TI Oil-soluble dyes incorporated in meridic diet of Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) as markers for adult dispersal studies SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE southwestern corn borer; development; artificial diet; dye markers; mark-release-recapture ID CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; BOLL WEEVILS; FIELD POPULATIONS; LARVAL DIET; NOCTUIDAE; RHINOTERMITIDAE; GELECHIIDAE; RECAPTURE; PYRALIDAE; BEHAVIOR AB Mark-release-recapture experiments to study insect dispersal require the release of marked insects that can be easily identified among feral conspecifics. Oil-soluble dyes have been used successfully to mark various insect species. Two oil-soluble dyes, Sudan Red 7B (C.I. 26050) and Sudan Blue 670 (C.I. 61554), were added to diet of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, and evaluated against an untreated control diet. Survival, diet consumption, larval and pupal weight, development time, fecundity, longevity, and dry weight of the adults were measured. Adults reared on the three diets were also tested for mating success. Some minor effects were observed for southwestern corn borers reared on the marked diets. Eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults were all reliably marked and readily identifiable. Adults retained color for their entire life span. Adults from each diet mated successfully with adults from the other diets. F1 progeny from the different mating combinations survived to the second instar but tended to lose the marker after 3-4 d on untreated diet. Both Sudan Red 7B and Sudan Blue 670 can be used to mark southwestern corn borer adults and thus should be useful for mark-release-recapture dispersal studies. The dyes will also be useful for short-term studies with marked larvae and oviposition behavior. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Qureshi, JA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, 1232 240th Ave, Hays, KS 67601 USA. EM lbuschma@ksu.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 836 EP 845 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0836:ODIIMD]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200020 PM 15279262 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE McInnis, DO Pahio, E Edu, J AF Shelly, TE McInnis, DO Pahio, E Edu, J TI Aromatherapy in the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae): Sterile males exposed to ginger root oil in prerelease storage boxes display increased mating competitiveness in field-cage trials SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; sterile insect technique; ginger root oil; mating competitiveness ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; GENETIC SEXING STRAIN; FLIES DIPTERA; INSECT TECHNIQUE; ALPHA-COPAENE; SUCCESS; COURTSHIP; GUATEMALA; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAMS AB Previous research showed that exposure to ginger root, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, oil increased the mating success of mass-reared, sterile males of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). This work, however, involved the exposure of small groups of males (n = 25) in small containers (volume 400 ml). Several sterile male release programs use plastic adult rearing containers (so-called PARC boxes; hereafter termed storage boxes; 0.48 by 0.60 by 0.33 m) to hold mature pupae and newly emerged adults before release (approximate to36,000 flies per box). The objective of the current study was to determine whether the application of ginger root oil to individual storage boxes increases the mating competitiveness of sterile C. capitata males. Irradiated pupae were placed in storage boxes 2 d before adult emergence, and in the initial experiment (adult exposure) ginger root oil was applied 5 d later (i.e., 3 d after peak adult emergence) for 24 h at doses of 0.0625, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ml. In a second experiment (pupal-adult exposure), ginger root oil was applied to storage boxes immediately after pupal placement and left for 6 d (i.e., 4 d after peak adult emergence) at doses of 0.25 and 1.0 ml. Using field cages, we conducted mating trials in which ginger root oil-exposed (treated) or nonexposed (control) sterile males competed against wild-like males for copulations with wild-like females. After adult exposure, treated males had significantly higher mating success than control males for all doses of ginger root oil, except 2.0 ml. After pupal-adult exposure, treated males had a significantly higher mating success than control males for the 1.0-ml but not the 0.25-ml dose of ginger root oil. The results suggest that ginger root oil can be used in conjunction with prerelease, storage boxes to increase the effectiveness of sterile insect release programs. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Ctr Conservat Res & Training, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. ARS, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 846 EP 853 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0846:AITMFF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200021 PM 15279263 ER PT J AU McQuate, GT Keum, YS Sylva, CD Li, QX Jang, EB AF McQuate, GT Keum, YS Sylva, CD Li, QX Jang, EB TI Active ingredients in cade oil that synergize attractiveness of alpha-ionol to male Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera latifrons; cade oil; alpha-ionol; eugenol ID ECOLOGY AB Cade oil, a commercially available essential oil produced by destructive distillation of juniper, Juniperus oxycedrux L., twigs, is known to synergize the attractancy of alpha-ionol to male Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). Through chemical fractionation and outdoor olfactometer-based bioassays, seven compounds in cade oil were identified that potentially could provide some level of synergism. Tests with sterile laboratory flies showed that four of the seven compounds (eugenol, isoeugenol, 2-methoxy-4-ethylphenol, and 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol), together with a closely related compound not found in cade oil, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, are capable of synergizing the attractiveness of alpha-ionol to male B. latifrons under field conditions. The similarity in structures of these five synergistic compounds shows that there is a response to a core 2-methoxyphenol structure, with fly response little affected by some variation in the composition of the side chain on the Dumber 4 carbon. Because identified synergists were structurally similar, only one compound, eugenol, was selected for further field studies. In an 8-wk weathering test, using released sterile flies, traps baited with alpha-ionol + eugenol had catches comparable with catches at traps baited with alpha-ionol + cade oil, with catches generally increased with a higher eugenol loading. For both eugenol and cade oil, catches tended to be better when these synergists were deployed on separate wicks from the alpha-ionol. Eugenol and alpha-ionol, however, were unable to provide attraction comparable with that of cade oil and alpha-ionol in tests with wild fly populations. C1 US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP McQuate, GT (reprint author), US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM gmcquate@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 862 EP 870 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0862:AIICOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200023 PM 15279265 ER PT J AU Hibbard, BE Higdon, ML Duran, DP Schweikert, YM Ellersieck, MR AF Hibbard, BE Higdon, ML Duran, DP Schweikert, YM Ellersieck, MR TI Role of egg density on establishment and plant-to-plant movement by western corn rootworm larvae (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE larval movement; larval establishment; resistance management; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; maize ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; POPULATION-DENSITY; TRANSGENIC CORN; SEED MIXTURES; SOIL; SURVIVAL; INJURY; SIZE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MITOCHONDRIAL AB The effect of egg density on establishment and dispersal of larvae of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, was evaluated in a 3-yr field study. Implications of these data for resistance management plans for Bt crops are discussed. Viable egg levels of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 eggs per infested plant were evaluated in 2000, 2001, and 2002. A 3,200 viable egg level was also tested in 2001 and 2002. All eggs were infested on one plant per subplot in a field that was planted to soybean, Glycine max (L.), in the previous year. For each subplot, the infested plant, three plants down the row, the closest plant in the adjacent row of the plot, and a control plant at least 1.5 m from any infested plant (six plants total) were sampled. In 2000, there were five sample dates between egg batch and pupation, and in 2001 and 2002, there were six sample dates. On each sample date, four replications of each egg density were sampled for both larval recovery and plant damage. Initial establishment on a corn plant seemed to not be density-dependent because a similar percentage of larvae was recovered from all infestation rates. Plant damage and, secondarily, subsequent postestablishment larval movement were density-dependent. Very little damage and postestablishment movement occurred at lower infestation levels, but significant damage and movement occurred at higher infestation rates. Movement generally occurred at a similar time as significant plant damage and not at initial establishment, so timing of movement seemed to be motivated by available food resources rather than crowding. At the highest infestation level in 2001, significant movement three plants down the row and across the 0.76 m row was detected, perhaps impacting refuge strategies for transgenic corn. C1 Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn Statistician, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 43 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 871 EP 882 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0871:ROEDOE]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200024 PM 15279266 ER PT J AU Liu, YB AF Liu, YB TI Distribution and population development of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Homoptera : Aphididae) in iceberg lettuce SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nasonovia ribisnigri; lettuce; distribution; population development ID NEW-ZEALAND; RESISTANCE AB A field study was conducted to determine the distribution and development of aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) (Homoptera: Aphididae) populations in iceberg lettuce, Lactuca sativa L. 'Salinas'. Lettuce plants were transplanted and caged individually in the field and inoculated with apterous N. ribisnigri at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after transplanting in spring and fall 2002. Plants were harvested 15-50 d after inoculations; numbers of alates and apterous N. ribisnigri were counted or estimated on each leaf for each plant. Inoculations during all 5 wk of plant development resulted in successful colonization of lettuce heads. Results indicated that head formation did not reduce the risk of colonization by N. ribisnigri to iceberg lettuce; plants were susceptible to colonization by N. ribisnigri throughout their development. For later inoculations, N. ribisnigri populations were relatively smaller, and aphids were found mostly within the heads. For earlier inoculations, N. ribisnigri populations were larger, and within-plant distributions shifted toward frame leaves. The shift of population distributions toward frame leaves correlated significantly with increases in N. ribisnigri population density. For most inoculations, more aphids were present on wrapper leaves than on other leaves. The proportion of alates did not vary significantly with population density. Population development of N. ribisnigri also correlated significantly with heat unit accumulation. Yellow sticky cards were used to monitor alates in each cage. Catches of N. ribisnigri alates on yellow sticky cards were significantly correlated with total numbers of alates as well as with total population sizes on individual lettuce plants. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Liu, YB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 883 EP 890 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0883:DAPDON]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200025 PM 15279267 ER PT J AU Stark, JD Vargas, R Miller, N AF Stark, JD Vargas, R Miller, N TI Toxicity of spinosad in protein bait to three economically important tephritid fruit fly species (Diptera : Tephritidae) and their parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean fruit fly; melon fly; oriental fruit fly; parasitoids; spinosad toxicity ID CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS HYMENOPTERA; GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES HEMIPTERA; BOLL-WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; HIPPODAMIA-CONVERGENS; INSECTICIDE RESIDUES; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS; MASS-PRODUCTION; FLIES DIPTERA; DAPHNIA-PULEX; PHLOXINE-B AB The feeding toxicity of the natural insecticide spinosad in Provesta protein bait was evaluated for three economically important fruit fly species, the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett; and the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel. Both females and males were evaluated. Spinosad was remarkably similar in toxicity to all three fruit fly species. Male C. capitata (24 h LC50,, values and 95% fiducial limits = 2.8 [2.60-3.0] mg/liter spinosad) were significantly, although only slightly more susceptible to spinosad than females (4.2 [3.8-4.6] mg/liter). Male (5.5 [4.7-6.6] mg/liter) and female (4.3 [3.7-4.9] mg/liter) B. cucurbitae were equally susceptible to spinosad. Female (3.3 [3.1-3.6] mg/liter) and male (3.1 [2.9-3.3] mg/liter) B. dorsalis also were equally susceptible to spinosad. Provesta bait containing spinosad also was evaluated against two parasitoids of tephritid fruit flies, Fopius arisanus (Sonan) and Pysttalia fletcheri (Silvestri). These parasitoids did not feed on the bait, so a contact toxicity test was conducted. Significant amounts of mortality were found only after exposure of parasitoids to spinosad-coated glass vials with concentrations greater than or equal to500 mg/liter spinosad. Parasitoids were less susceptible than fruit flies to such a degree that use of spinosad in bait spray should be compatible with these parasitoid species. Because the fruit flies tested in this study were so susceptible to spinosad, this product seems to be promising as a bait spray additive and a replacement for malathion for control of these species. C1 Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. USDA ARS, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Stark, JD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. NR 51 TC 58 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 18 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 911 EP 915 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0911:TOSIPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200029 PM 15279271 ER PT J AU Sappington, TW Brashears, AD Parajulee, MN Carroll, SC Arnold, MD Norman, JW Knutson, AE AF Sappington, TW Brashears, AD Parajulee, MN Carroll, SC Arnold, MD Norman, JW Knutson, AE TI Potential for transport of boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) to the cotton gin within cotton modules SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; boll weevil; cotton gin; cotton module; eradication ID RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; MOVEMENT; TEXAS AB There is concern that cotton gins located in boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, eradication zones serving customers in adjacent infested zones may serve as a site for boll weevil reintroductions if weevils are transported alive inside cotton modules. We surveyed fields in three distinct areas of Texas and found that weevils can be present in large numbers in cotton fields that have been defoliated and desiccated in preparation for harvest, both as free adults and as immatures inside unopened bolls. Harvested cotton taken from module builders indicated that approximate to 100-3,700 adult boll weevils were packed inside modules constructed at the sampled fields. Marked weevils were forced through a laboratory field cleaner (bur extractor) commonly mounted on stripper-harvesters, and 14% were recovered alive in the seed cotton fraction and lived at least to 24 h. Survival of weevils placed inside modules declined over time up to 7 d, but the magnitude of the decline varied with experimental conditions. In one experiment, 91% of the weevils survived to 7 d, whereas under harsher environmental conditions, only 11% survived that long. Together, our results indicate that when cotton is harvested in an infested area, boll weevils likely will be packed alive into cotton modules, and many will still be alive by the time the module is fed into the gin, at least up to 7 d after the module's construction. C1 USDA ARS, CICGRU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, CPPRU, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Extens Serv, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Extens Serv, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. USDA ARS, Kika Garza Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, CICGRU, Genet Bldg,C-O Insectary, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 934 EP 940 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0934:PFTOBW]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200032 PM 15279274 ER PT J AU McKenzie, CL Puterka, GJ AF McKenzie, CL Puterka, GJ TI Effect of sucrose octanoate on survival of nymphal and adult Diaphorina citri (Homoptera : Psyllidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asian citrus psylla; Asian citrus leafminer; mites; sucrose octanoate; sugar ester ID FLORIDA RED SCALE; SUGAR ESTERS; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; APHYTIS HOLOXANTHUS; GREENING DISEASE; NICOTIANA-GOSSEI; ESTABLISHMENT; ALEYRODIDAE; TOXICITY; PARASITE AB Asian citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Psyllidae) was detected for the first time in the United States near Delray Beach, FL, on 2 June 1998 and is continuing to spread and multiply throughout southern Florida. This psyllid is the vector of Liberobacter asiaticum, a phloem-limited bacterium that causes citrus greening disease. This pathogen has not been found in the Western Hemisphere to date. Furthermore, high infestation levels of D. citri can impact citrus plant health, fruit quality, or yield. Replicated laboratory and spray booth bioassays were conducted to determine the insecticidal activity of a synthetic analog of natural sugar esters found in leaf trichomes of wild tobacco, Nicotiana gossei Domin, to nymphal and adult D. citri. Field trials were initiated in Fort Pierce, FL, in 2000 to determine activity of the sugar ester formulation (sucrose octanoate) on D. citri and other citrus pests, including immature Asian citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton and mites. Sucrose octanoate rates tested ranged from 400 to 8,000 ppm (0.1-2% formulated product). Our data suggest that both nymphal and adult D. citri as well as the mite complex tested would be equally controlled to levels d >90% at the higher concentrations of sucrose octanoate and that good coverage is key to efficacy. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP McKenzie, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 970 EP 975 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0970:EOSOOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200038 PM 15279280 ER PT J AU Pettis, GV Boyd, DW Braman, K Pounders, C AF Pettis, GV Boyd, DW Braman, K Pounders, C TI Potential resistance of crape myrtle cultivars to flea beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) and Japanese beetle (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) damage SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Altica spp.; Popillia japonica; Lagerstroeatia spp.; host plant resistance; Tinocallis kahawaluokalani ID LAGERSTROEMIA; NORTH AB Field and laboratory studies were conducted to identify potential resistance among crape myrtles, Lagerstroemia spp., to Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman and to flea beetles, Attica spp. Damage ratings revealed variation among cultivars in susceptibility to beetle feeding. Cultivars with Lagerstroemia fauriei Koehne in their parentage exhibited the least amount of damage in choice and no-choice experiments, with few exceptions. The data indicate that both beetle species cause more feeding damage on certain cultivars of Lagerstroemia indica L., such as 'Country Red', 'Twilight', and 'Carolina Beauty' than interspecific cultivars with L.fauriei in their parentage, such as 'Natchez', 'Tonto', and 'Muskogee'. When comparing the effect of parentage on all of the major pests of crape myrtle, L. faurei confers resistance to all pests except crape myrtle aphid. No correlation was found between leaf toughness, leaf color, and leaf nutrients in estimating flea beetle cultivar preference. With this information, growers can more effectively target scouting measures to the most susceptible cultivars, and breeders can select plants that will require the fewest chemical inputs. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39531 USA. RP Pettis, GV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 981 EP 992 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0981:PROCMC]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200040 PM 15279282 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Bland, JM Daigle, DJ Williams, KS Lovisa, MP Connick, WJ Lax, AR AF Cornelius, ML Bland, JM Daigle, DJ Williams, KS Lovisa, MP Connick, WJ Lax, AR TI Effect of a lignin-degrading fungus on feeding preferences of Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) for different commercial lumber SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; wood decay fungi; tunneling behavior; feeding behavior ID COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; NATURAL-RESISTANCE; WOOD; SOIL; ERGOSTEROL; RESPONSES; NOOTKATONE; REPELLENT; BIOMASS AB The feeding preferences of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptoter-mesformosanus Shiraki, for commercial lumber Alaska yellow cedar, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach; yellow birch, Betula alleghaniensis Britton; northern red oak, Quercus rubra L.; redwood, Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl; and spruce (Picea spp.) were examined to determine whether the presence of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Maramiellus troyanus (Murrill) Singer could alter the relative preference of termites for these wood species. In paired choice tests with fungus-inoculated sawdust versus control sawdust, termites showed a strong preference for the fungus-inoculated sawdust for all wood species tested, except for Alaska yellow cedar. In a multiple-choice test using sawdust without fungus, termites showed a very strong preference for red oak sawdust over the other three species. In a paired choice test using fungus-inoculated sawdust, termites showed a preference for redwood over red oak sawdust. In a feeding test using autoclaved wood blocks without fungal decay, there was no difference in termite consumption of birch, red oak, or redwood. The relative preference of termites for redwood increased when blocks were decayed by M. troyanus for 3 and 8 wk. These results indicate that chemical modifications due to fungal decay affected the feeding preference of termites for different commercial lumber. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1025 EP 1035 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[1025:EOALFO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200045 PM 15279287 ER PT J AU Hill, CB Li, Y Hartman, GL AF Hill, CB Li, Y Hartman, GL TI Resistance of Glycine species and various cultivated legumes to the soybean aphid (Homoptera : Aphididae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphis glycines; aphid; Glycine; resistance; soybean ID ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITOR AB The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a new pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., in North America. It has become widespread on soybean in North America since it was first identified in the Midwest in 2000. Species of Rhamnus L. (buckthorn) are the primary hosts of A. glycines, and soybean is known as a secondary host. There is limited information about the secondary host range of A. glycines. Aphid colonization on various legume hosts was compared in choice experiments. Aphid colonization occurred on species in the genus Glycine Wild. No colonization occurred on Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet, Lens culinaris Medik, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L., or species of Vicia L. and Vigna Savi. Colonization was limited or aphids were transient on species of Medicago L., Phaseolus L., and Trifolium, L. There were significant differences in aphid colonization among Medicago truncatula accessions with numbers ranging from 7 to 97 aphids per plant. Six Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc. accessions were as resistant as G. max accessions to A. glycines; these may represent novel sources of A. glycines resistance not found in G. max. Antibiosis was found to play a large role in the expression of resistance in three of the G. soja accessions. Results of this study indicated that G. max and G. soja were the best secondary hosts of A. glycines; however, its secondary host range may include other leguminous species. Therefore, A. glycines did not seem to have a highly restricted monophagous secondary host range. C1 Univ Illinois, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hill, CB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1077 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[1071:ROGSAV]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200051 PM 15279293 ER PT J AU Heath, RR Epsky, ND Midgarden, D Katsoyannos, BI AF Heath, RR Epsky, ND Midgarden, D Katsoyannos, BI TI Efficacy of 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) in a food-based synthetic attractant for capture of Mediterranean and Mexican fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; Anastrepha ludens; trapping; ammonium acetate; putrescine ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; TRAPPING SYSTEMS; FIELD-EVALUATION; FLY DIPTERA; AMMONIA; ANASTREPHA; FEMALES; LURE AB Field trials were conducted in Guatemala to evaluate the importance of 1,4 diaminobutane (putrescine) in traps baited with ammonium acetate, trimethylamine, and putrescine. For the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), there were no differences in percentage of females captured in coffee and citrus or in percentage of males captured in citrus in traps with ammonium acetate and trimethylamine lures (females in coffee, 26.4 +/- 6.27%; females in citrus, 35.7 +/- 5.35%; males in citrus, 37.7 +/- 7.48%) versus ammonium acetate, trimethylamine, and putrescine lures (females in coffee, 36.6 +/- 9.64%; females in citrus, 41.1 +/- 5.18%; males in citrus, 37.1 +/- 6.09%). Percentage of males captured in coffee was reduced significantly when putrescine was not used with the ammonium acetate and trimethylamine (39.9 +/- 4.34 versus 31.6 +/- 5.29%). Lower percentages were captured in traps baited with ammonium acetate and putrescine, and the lowest percentages were captured in traps baited with putrescine and trimethylamine. When population level as indicated by capture in traps baited with ammonium acetate, trimethylamine, and putrescine was considered, a higher percentage of C. capitata males were captured in traps baited with all three components when one or more flies per trap per day were captured in coffee, and a higher percentage of females were captured when less than one fly per trap per day was captured in citrus. Percentage of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), captured was significantly higher in traps baited with ammonium acetate and putrescine and significantly lower in traps baited putrescine and trimethylamine than in all other treatments. Results indicate that putrescine may be deleted when monitoring established populations of C. capitata but should be used in traps used to monitor A. ludens or to detect new infestations of C. capitata. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Heath, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM Rheath@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1126 EP 1131 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[1126:EODPIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200058 PM 15279300 ER PT J AU Perez-Mendoza, J Throne, JE Dowell, FE Baker, JE AF Perez-Mendoza, J Throne, JE Dowell, FE Baker, JE TI Chronological age-grading of three species of stored-product beetles by using near-infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sitophilus oryzae; Rhyzoperfha dominica; Tribolium castaneum; age-grading; near-infrared spectroscopy ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE L; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; L COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; SEX; OVIPOSITION; FECUNDITY; INCREASE; WEEVIL AB The accuracy of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for predicting the chronological age of adults of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.); the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.); and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), three pests of stored grain, was examined. NIRS-predicted age correlated well with actual age of these three species. Age predictions in S. oryzae by using the NIRS method are not dependent upon adult sex or temperatures to which adult weevils are exposed. Results indicated that water content decreased with increasing age in rice weevil adults, and excluding wavelengths at which water absorbs NIR radiation reduced the accuracy of correct classification. Additionally, removing cuticular lipids from insects resulted in a significant decrease in classification accuracy of weevils, indicating that these compounds may be partly responsible for the ability of NIRS to differentiate young from old beetles. NIRS is a nondestructive technique that can be used to age-grade large numbers of adult stored-product beetles, information that could help to increase the accuracy of population models for these pest species. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Perez-Mendoza, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1159 EP 1167 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[1159:CAOTSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200063 PM 15279305 ER PT J AU Mankin, RW AF Mankin, RW TI Microwave radar detection of stored-product insects SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE packaged goods; termatrac; precision targeting; nondestructive detection ID INFESTATIONS; COLEOPTERA; EFFICACY; PESTS; WHEAT AB A microwave radar system that senses motion was tested for capability to detect hidden insects of different sizes and activity levels in stored products. In initial studies, movements of individual adults or groups of Lasioderma serricorne (F.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Attagenus unicolor (Brahm), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were easily detected over distances up to 30 cm in air. Boxes of corn meal mix and flour mix were artificially infested with 5-100 insects to estimate the reliability of detection. The likelihood that a box was infested was rated by the radar system on a quantitative scale. The ratings were significantly correlated with the numbers of infesting insects. The radar system has potential applications in management programs where rapid, nondestructive targeting of incipient insect infestations would be of benefit to the producers and consumers of packaged foods. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1168 EP 1173 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[1168:MRDOSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200064 PM 15279306 ER PT J AU Allen, ML Berkebile, DR Skoda, SR AF Allen, ML Berkebile, DR Skoda, SR TI Postlarval fitness of transgenic strains of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera : Calliphoridae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cochliomyia hominivorax; New World screwworm; fitness; transgenic insect; sterile insect technique ID POSSIBLE ECOLOGICAL RISKS; TRANSFORMATION; SCREWWORM; ERADICATION AB Eight transgenic strains of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were compared with the wild-type parental laboratory strain (P95) in colony. Measurements of average weight of pupae, percentage of adults emerging from pupae, ratio of males to total emerged adults, and mating competitiveness were analyzed. The parental strain colony was subcultured and exposed to handling procedures equivalent to transgenic strains for valid comparison of overall colony fitness. None of the transgenic colonies exhibited significantly lower fitness characteristics than the control parental colony. One transgenic colony had a higher ratio of adults emerging from pupae, and five colonies had higher average pupal weight; because fitness cost would only be indicated by lower values, the statistical variations were not significant. Males of one transgenic strain were shown to mate with equal frequency compared with males of the parental strain. Hence, the presence of the transgene used to produce the strains tested did not incur a fitness cost to the colonies of laboratory-reared C. hominivorax. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Allen, ML (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Unit, 305 Plant Ind Bldg,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. OI Allen, Margaret/0000-0002-4758-1290 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1181 EP 1185 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[1181:PFOTSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 833CY UT WOS:000222315200066 PM 15279308 ER PT J AU Michiels, A Van Laere, A Van den Ende, W Tucker, M AF Michiels, A Van Laere, A Van den Ende, W Tucker, M TI Expression analysis of a chicory fructan 1-exohydrolase gene reveals complex regulation by cold SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE cold induction; fructan; fructan exohydrolase; gene structure; promoter analysis ID CICHORIUM-INTYBUS L; CIS-ACTING ELEMENT; LOW-TEMPERATURE; VACUOLAR INVERTASES; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; HIGHER-PLANTS; MINI-EXON; ROOTS; TRANSCRIPTION; PURIFICATION AB The gene for a recently identified cDNA, 1-FEH IIa, encoding a fructan 1-exohydrolase was isolated and cloned from Cichorium intybus and a 1149 bp promoter fragment was characterized. An analysis of the genomic 1-FEH IIa sequence indicated that the gene (FEHIIa) consists of six introns and seven exons, which is similar to plant invertase genes. Like Invertase genes, FEHIIa also contains the 9 nt mini-exon encoding the tripeptide DPN. A database search for cis-acting response elements within its promoter identified multiple elements that appear to have relevance to cold-induced expression of the gene in field-grown roots. Promoter analysis by transient expression assay demonstrated that the FEHIIa gene promoter is highly expressed in etiolated Cichorium leaves and cold-stored roots, which correlated well with the high level expression detected by RNA blot analysis. Cold also enhanced FEHIIa reporter gene expression in green leaves, however, the reporter gene activity was much lower compared with similar induction experiments in etiolated leaves. Promoter deletion analysis demonstrated the presence of potential cold-responsive ABRE and/or CRT/DRE elements in the -22 to -172 region, while regions -933 to -717 and -493 to -278 contain elements that can down-regulate expression at the conditions used. Characterization of the FEHIIa promoter may provide tools to study cold-induced expression and to increase freezing tolerance in agricultural crops. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Bot & Microbiol, Lab Mol Plant Physiol, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Michiels, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, HJ Patterson Bldg 073, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM michiels@wam.umd.edu RI Van Laere, Andre/F-2133-2011; Van den Ende, Wim/I-6899-2013 OI Van den Ende, Wim/0000-0003-1137-3614 NR 53 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 55 IS 401 BP 1325 EP 1333 DI 10.1093/jxb/erh153 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 829GE UT WOS:000222034600007 PM 15133058 ER PT J AU Chang, HC Laly, M Prior, RL Badger, TM AF Chang, HC Laly, M Prior, RL Badger, TM TI Formononetin-an isoflavone metabolite found in the liver of rats fed with soy protein isolate SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE COMT; formononetin; homogenate; isoflavone; soy protein isolate ID MAMMARY GLANDULAR TISSUE; OESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; RUMEN FLUID; HUMAN URINE; IN-VITRO; DAIDZEIN; SHEEP; BIOCHANIN; EQUOL; PHYTOESTROGENS AB Soy protein isolate, containing genistein, daidzein and glycitein, was used to study the profiles of soy isoflavone metabolites in Sprague-Dawley rats. After 50 days, rat liver tissues, serum and urine were analyzed by HPLC-MS and HPLC-ECD. HPLC-APCI-MS results showed that daidzein, equol, genistein and O-DMA were detected. Interestingly, the aglycone and the conjugated forms of formononetin, which is a methylated derivative of daidzein found in many plants, were also observed in rat liver and serum, but not in urine. The respective concentrations of these two forms of formononetin were 0.056 +/- 0.022 and 0.621 +/- 0.116 nmoL/g (mean +/- SD) in liver tissue, and were 0.005 +/- 0.001 and 0.035 +/- 0.002 nmoL/mL in rat serum. Formononetin in conjugated forms were 90.8% in liver tissue and 85.7% in serum by calculation. Incubation of daidzein with liver homogenate, microsomes, and catechol 4'-O-methyl transferase (COMT) resulted in a 7similar to10% conversion of daidzein to the aglycone form of formononetin. Formononetin is proposed to be a metabolite of O-methylation of daidzein in rat liver and exists mainly in conjugated forms. C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Nanjing Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Nanjing 210029, Peoples R China. RP Chang, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM hebronchang@njmu.edu.cn NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL LABORATORIES FOODS DRUGS PI TAIPEI PA 161-2 KUEN YANG STREET, NANKANG, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 1021-9498 J9 J FOOD DRUG ANAL JI J. Food Drug Anal. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 2 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 834OV UT WOS:000222421300011 ER PT J AU Weizmann, N Peterson, JW Haytowitz, D Pehrsson, PR de Jesus, VP Booth, SL AF Weizmann, N Peterson, JW Haytowitz, D Pehrsson, PR de Jesus, VP Booth, SL TI Vitamin K content of fast foods and snack foods in the US diet SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Food Data Conference/27th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE vitamin K; dihydrophylloquinone; phylloquinone; snack foods; fast foods ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHYLLOQUINONE VITAMIN-K-1; AMERICAN DIET; OILS AB The predominant dietary form of vitamin K, phylloquinone (K1), is present in certain plant oils. During hydrogenation of these plant oils, K1 is converted to another form of vitamin K, dihydrophylloquinone (dK). The purpose of this study was to determine the K1 and dK content of fast foods and snack foods in the US food supply. Representative samples of key foods (109 fast foods and 23 snack foods) obtained from the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program were analyzed for K1 and dK in duplicate by HPLC. Of the fast foods analyzed, including chicken products, hamburgers, burritos and nachos obtained from fast-food restaurants, the K1 and dK contents ranged from 0.4 to 23.7 and non-detectable (ND)-69.1 mug/100 g, respectively. Crackers and potato chips had wide ranges in K1 (1.4-24.3 mug/100 g) and dK content (ND-102 mug/100 g). When consumed frequently and in large amounts, fast foods and snack foods may be important contributors to vitamin K intake in the US diet. However, those fast foods and snack foods that contain high amounts of dK may not have equivalent contribution to vitamin K status compared to foods containing high amounts of K1 due to differences in biological activity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, ARS, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD JUN-AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3-4 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.02.005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 829TE UT WOS:000222071900015 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Gu, LW Holden, J Haytowitz, DB Gebhardt, SE Beecher, G Prior, RL AF Wu, XL Gu, LW Holden, J Haytowitz, DB Gebhardt, SE Beecher, G Prior, RL TI Development of a database for total antioxidant capacity in foods: a preliminary study SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Food Data Conference/27th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE antioxidant capacity; lipophilic ORAC(FL); hydrophilic ORAC(FL) ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; LIPOPHILIC ANTIOXIDANTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; COMMON VEGETABLES; GAMMA-ORYZANOL; HEART-DISEASE; RICE BRAN; ASSAY; PREVENTION; FRUIT AB For the first time, a database of the antioxidant capacities of both the lipophilic and hydrophilic components of foods has been developed using the modified oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(FL)) assay and a peroxyl radical generator. For lipophilic components, randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin was used as a solubility enhancer. Four representative samples were extracted directly with the hydrophilic solvent (acetone: water: acetic acid, 70:29.5:0.5). Their ORACFL values were similar to that obtained for hydrophilic ORAC(FL) (H-ORAC(FL)) following lipophilic extraction with hexane:dichloromethane (1:1). Lipophilic ORAC values (L-ORAC(FL)) were relatively low compared to H-ORAC(FL), ranging from 0.11 +/- 0.06 to 154.70 +/- 3.58 mumol TE/g of fresh or dry weight, whereas H-ORAC(FL) ranged from 1.23 +/- 0.17 to 175.24 +/- 10.36 mumol TE/g of fresh or dry weight. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was calculated as the sum of the lipophlic and hydrophilic ORACFL values. L-ORAC(FL) as a percentage of TAC ranged from 0.27% to 63.70%. Sampling time during the year significantly influenced lipophilic and/or hydrophilic ORAC(FL) values in some food samples. In order to get an accurate total antioxidant capacity of a given food sample, both lipophilic and hydrophilic fractions need to be measured. Food processing, such as cooking or peeling, need to be considered as additional factors which can introduce variation in antioxidant capacity measurements of foods. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011 NR 46 TC 164 Z9 176 U1 7 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD JUN-AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3-4 BP 407 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.03.001 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 829TE UT WOS:000222071900018 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Coates, PM AF Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Coates, PM TI Mission and activities of the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Food Data Conference/27th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE dietary supplements; analytical substantiation; dietary supplement composition; certified reference materials; standard reference materials ID AMERICA-NHANES; EAT AB Major initiatives of the US National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) include development of analytical methods and reference materials to make the development of analytically substantiated dietary supplement databases possible in the future. ODS has an active evidence-based review program focused on efficacy and safety of dietary supplements. It also sponsors basic and clinical research, and information and educational resources, including continuing education conferences and training efforts. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NIH, US Dept HHS, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Dietary Supplement Methods & Reference Mat Progra, Off Dietary Supplements, Us Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Dwyer, JT (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Jdwyer1@tufts-nemc.org OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD JUN-AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3-4 BP 493 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.03.021 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 829TE UT WOS:000222071900026 ER PT J AU Raper, N Perloff, B Ingwersen, L Steinfeldt, L Anand, J AF Raper, N Perloff, B Ingwersen, L Steinfeldt, L Anand, J TI An overview of USDA's dietary intake data system SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Food Data Conference/27th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE Dietary Intake Data System; food intake; 24-h dietary recall; food consumption survey; food database; nutrient database; nutrient database; USDA ID HEALTH AB Automated methods for collecting and processing food intake data have been developed by the Food Surveys Research Group at USDA to increase the quality and efficiency of food intake surveys and other dietary research studies. These automated methods are part of a Dietary Intake Data System, which consists of three computer systems and an extensive food and nutrient database. Computer systems included are the Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) for collecting food intakes, the Post-Interview Processing System (PIPS) for reformatting data and assigning food codes, and Survey Net for final coding, quality review, and nutrient analysis. Features addressing data quality were prominent in the design of each of these systems. Components of the database, the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS), include food descriptions, food portions and their weights, and nutrients. These systems are currently used for research projects conducted by the USDA's Agricultural Research Service and for the dietary component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey beginning in 2002. The AMPM, translated into French and adapted to collect data for Canadian foods, will also be used in the next Canadian Community Health Survey. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Raper, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nraper@rbhnrc.usda.gov NR 17 TC 153 Z9 154 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD JUN-AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3-4 BP 545 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.02.013 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 829TE UT WOS:000222071900032 ER PT J AU Anderson, E Steinfeldt, LC Ahuja, JKC AF Anderson, E Steinfeldt, LC Ahuja, JKC TI Food and nutrient changes: software designed to enhance data quality SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Food Data Conference/27th National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE database management; food and nutrient trends; software development; quality control AB Food and nutrient databases must be continually updated to reflect changes in the food supply and improvements in data values. The Food Databases Management System (FDMS) is a software application designed to manage the US Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies used for food consumption surveys. Staff of the Food Surveys Research Group use FDMS to accomplish a variety of complex database management tasks. FDMS was created using ObjectPal, the programming language of the commercially available database program Paradox((R)). With FDMS, users can update the database files with new information such as adding a new food code. Another important feature is the ability to integrate time-related changes into the database files. Better data values, due to improved analytical procedures and sampling methods, can replace older values in the database. When there is a true change to the food product itself, FDMS allows users to specify these time-specific changes with start dates and end dates. Programmed into FDMS is a series of automated quality control checks which monitor processes as they occur. Interfile quality control checks are also in place so that related files can be synchronized and updated. FDMS also contains historical information which staff can use when setting priorities for database updates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Anderson, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, BARC W,Bldg 005, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM eanderson@rbhnrc.usda.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD JUN-AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3-4 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.03.003 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 829TE UT WOS:000222071900033 ER PT J AU Chantarapanont, W Berrang, ME Frank, JF AF Chantarapanont, W Berrang, ME Frank, JF TI Direct microscopic observation of viability of Campylobacter jejuni on chicken skin treated with selected chemical sanitizing agents SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CELL VIABILITY; WATER; TEMPERATURE; PREVALENCE; BIOFILMS; SURVIVAL; SPP. AB The objective of this research was to determine the effect of chlorine, acidified sodium chlorite, and peracetic acid treatments on viable Campylobacter jejuni located at various depths within follicles or folds of chicken skin. Chicken skin was inoculated with C jejuni transformed with P(c)gfp plasmid (GFP-Campylobacter), which also codes for kanamycin resistance. Effectiveness of sanitizer treatments was determined by plate count. C jejuni were also observed on chicken skin by confocal scanning laser microscopy, whereby viable and nonviable cells were differentiated by their ability to take up staining with 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride. Sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, and acidified sodium chlorite were each applied at 40 or 100 ppm for 2 or 15 min. Each sanitizer resulted in approximately a 1-log decrease (CFU) when used at 100 ppm for 15 min and no significant decrease when used at 40 ppm for 2 min. Numbers of viable cells observed on the skin by direct microscopic count were similar to numbers obtained by plate count. Although viable counts decreased with sanitizer treatments, the total number of Campylobacter cells (live plus dead) attached to the skin remained unchanged. After each chemical treatment, viable C. jejuni were observed at depths of 0 to 10, 11 to 20, and 21 to 30 mum in folds or follicles of chicken skin. Most of the C. jejuni that survived treatment were located at 0 to 10 mum depth, which is where most of the viable cells were located before treatment. The inability of chemical sanitizers to effectively eliminate C. jejuni on chicken skin does not appear to be a result of protection by location in feather follicles or other depressions in the skin. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Ctr Food Safety, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1146 EP 1152 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 827KB UT WOS:000221897200009 PM 15222541 ER PT J AU Wonderling, LD Bayles, DO AF Wonderling, LD Bayles, DO TI Survival of Listeria monocytogenes strain H7762 and resistance to simulated gastric fluid following exposure to frankfurter exudate SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BETAINE TRANSPORT-SYSTEM; TERM CHILLED STORAGE; GLYCINE BETAINE; SALT TOLERANCE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MICROBIAL SURVIVAL; SUBLETHAL DAMAGE; ACID TOLERANCE; STRESS; VIRULENCE AB Listeria monocytogenes strain H7762, a frankfurter isolate, was tested to determine whether it was able to survive at VC in frankfurter pack fluid (exudate) and to determine whether food exposure affects its acid sensitivity. Cultures were sampled and tested for acid sensitivity by challenge with simulated gastric fluid (SGF). SGF challenges performed immediately after inoculation revealed that between 20 and 26% of the cells survived the full 30 min of SGF challenge regardless of whether the cells were inoculated into brain heart infusion broth (13141) or exudate. After 2 days of incubation, cells exposed to both exudate and BHI had significantly decreased SGF resistance; however, the cells exposed to exudate were significantly more SGF resistant than cells exposed to BHI (after 15 min of SGF treatment, 33% of the exudate-exposed cells survived and 12% of the BHI-exposed cells survived). L. monocytogenes exposed to exudate had greater SGF resistance at all challenge times compared with BHI-exposed cells from day 2 through day 4. From days 8 to 15, exudate-exposed cells continued to have greater SGF resistance than BHI-exposed cells up to 10 min of SGF challenge but were as sensitive as the BHI-exposed cells at 20 to 30 min of challenge. By day 25, cells exposed to exudate were significantly more sensitive to SGF challenge than BHI-exposed cells. The survivor data generated from SGF challenges were modeled by a nonlinear regression analysis to calculate the underlying distribution of SGF resistance found in the challenged populations. These analyses indicated that L. monocytogenes exposed to exudate at 4degreesC had a broader distribution of resistance to SGF compared with cells exposed to BHI at 4degreesC. In addition, the mean time of death during SGF treatment was greater after exposure to exudate, indicating that cells exposed to exudate were more resistant to killing by SGF. These data suggest that exposure to frankfurter exudate might render L. monocytogenes more able to survive the stomach environment during the initial stages of infection. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bayles, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dbayles@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1170 EP 1176 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 827KB UT WOS:000221897200013 PM 15222545 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, TP TI Simulation model for enumeration of Salmonella on chicken as a function of PCR detection time score and sample size: Implications for risk assessment SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; POULTRY CARCASSES; PROBABLE NUMBER; GROWTH-KINETICS; LAG PHASE; TYPHIMURIUM; ENTERITIDIS; FLORA AB A data gap commonly identified in risk assessments is the lack of quantitative information on the contamination of food with pathogens. A simulation model that predicts the incidence and distribution of Salmonella contamination on chicken as a function of PCR detection time score and sample size was developed with data from challenge studies with preenrichment samples that were composed of 25 g of chicken and 225 ml of buffered peptone water inoculated with 10(0.7) to 10(6) Salmonella and incubated at 37degreesC. At 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h of incubation, subsamples were collected and tested for Salmonella by PCR, and a PCR detection time score based on the widths of the bands in the electrophoresis gel was obtained for each preenrichment sample. Standard curves relating PCR detection time score to initial density of Salmonella inoculated were developed for sterile and nonsterile preenrichment samples. Presence of other microorganisms in the preenrichment sample decreased the PCR detection time score at low ( < 10(2) per 25 g) but not at high ( > 10(2) per 25 g) initial densities of Salmonella and resulted in a nonlinear standard curve rather than the linear standard curve obtained for sterile samples. The predicted incidence and distribution of Salmonella contamination on chicken increased in a nonlinear manner as sample size increased from 25 to 500 g. The new method reduced the time and cost of Salmonella enumeration by eliminating the selective enrichment, selective plating, and confirmation steps of the traditional most-probable-number method. Results are useful for risk assessment because they consider the uncertainty of the standard curve predictions and because they provide distributions of Salmonella contamination for different size samples of chicken that can be directly used in risk assessment. C1 Univ Maryland, USDA ARS, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, USDA ARS, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Room 2111, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM toscar@umes.edu NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1201 EP 1208 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 827KB UT WOS:000221897200018 PM 15222550 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH Schiestl, RH AF Sommers, CH Schiestl, RH TI 2-dodecylcyclobutanone does not induce mutations in the Salmonella mutagenicity test or intrachromosomal recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID YEAST DEL ASSAY; BACTERIAL MUTAGENICITY; STERILIZED CHICKEN; CARCINOGENS; FAT; IRRADIATION; TOXICOLOGY; FOODS AB Treatment of foods, such as red meat and poultry, that contain palmitic acid with ionizing radiation leads to the formation of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB), a compound found only in irradiated foods. In this study, the Salmonella mutagenicity test and the yeast DEL assay were used to evaluate the genotoxic potential of 2-DCB. Salmonella Typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 were exposed to 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg per well of 2-DCB, with and without exogenous metabolic activation (5% S9 fraction), using the microtiter plate-based Miniscreen version of the test. 2-DCB did not induce mutations in the Salmonella mutagenicity test. When Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain RS112, which contains a nonfunctional duplication of the his3 gene that can be induced to form a functional HIS3(+) gene by intrachromosomal recombination, was exposed to 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/ml of 2-DCB, no increase in the rate of intrachromosomal (DEL) recombination was observed. The absence of genotoxicity observed in this study using purified 2-DCB agrees with the lack of genotoxic and teratogenic activity observed in previously conducted multigeneration feeding studies of laboratory animals (rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits) that used radiation-sterilized poultry that contained 2-DCB as a unique radiolytic product. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Environm Hlth, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Radiat Oncol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM csommers@arserrc.gov NR 34 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1293 EP 1298 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 827KB UT WOS:000221897200036 PM 15222568 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Elfving, DC AF Drake, SR Elfving, DC TI Quality of packed and bin stored 'Anjou' pears as influenced by storage atmosphere and temperature SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE STORAGE; OXYGEN AB Packed pears (Pyrus communis 'd' 'Anjou') were stored under four individual controlled atmosphere (CA) storage conditions (#1: CA of 1.5% O-2 and <1% CO2 at -1.5C; #2: CA of 1.5% O-2 and <1% CO2 at + 1.5C; #3: CA of 1.5% O-2 and 3.0% CO2 at -1.50; #4: CA of 1.5% O-2 and 3.0% CO2 at + 1.5C). Loose pears in bins were stored under three CA storage conditions (#1: CA of 1.5% O-2 and <1% CO2 at -1.5C; #2: CA of 1.5% O-2 and 3.0% CO2 at -1.5C; #3: CA of 1.5% O-2 and 3.0% CO2 at +1.5C). For packed pears, increased CO2 in the storage atmosphere resulted in retention of peel color, reduced firmness loss and enhanced subjective scores, particularly for finish and stem condition. Pears stored loose in bins, prior to packing in late January in an atmosphere containing 3.0% CO2 aided firmness retention, reduced scald and greatly enhanced subjective quality scores for appearance, finish and scuffing. Storing 'Anjou' pears in a 3.0% CO2 atmosphere allows for storing pears loose in bin and packing in late January with little or no quality losses compared with using the standard 1.0% CO2 in the storage atmosphere. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM drake@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2004.tb00644.x PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 830DG UT WOS:000222101200005 ER PT J AU Flores, RA Stewart, TE AF Flores, RA Stewart, TE TI Empirical distribution models for Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ground beef produced by a mid-size commercial grinder SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE grinder; ground beef; pathogen distribution; pathogen contamination; Escherichia coli O157 : H7; empirical model; modeling ID LARGE OUTBREAK; MEAT GRINDERS; SANITATION; INFECTION; SURVIVAL AB The purpose of this research was to develop empirical models that describe the amount and distribution of ground beef contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 when a contaminated beef trim is introduced into a batch of uncontaminated beef before processing in a mid-size commercial grinder (34 g/s). A beef trim was inoculated with a rifampacin-resistant strain of E. coli O157:H7 and added to a batch of noncontaminated trims at the grinding step. To study the distribution of the E. coli O157:H7(rif) in the ground beef, 6 treatments with different inoculum. levels (1 to 6 log(10) colony-forming units [CFU]) were tested. Removal or pick up of the residual contamination with E. coli O157:H7(rif) left in the grinder was evaluated. E. coli O157:H7(rif) was detected in 9% to 86% of the total ground beef for the 1 to 6 log(10) CFU inoculum levels, respectively. E. coli O157:H7(rif) contamination was detected in the collar that fixes the grinder's die and blade to the hub. An exponential algorithm described the relationship between the quantities of ground beef containing E. coli O157:H7(rif) and the inoculum. level (R-2 = 0.82). Distribution models based on a Chi-squared algorithm were developed for each inoculum level describing the contamination level as a function of the batch fraction processed (R-2 = 0.81 to 0.99). The results of this study corroborate that when beef processors test for pathogenic contamination in a mid-scale grinder, they should test the beef residues in the collar that fixes the grinder's die and blade to the hub. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Flores, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rflores@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 BP M121 EP M126 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 848TH UT WOS:000223489500032 ER PT J AU Bormann, BT Kiester, AR AF Bormann, BT Kiester, AR TI Options forestry: Acting on uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE communications; decision science; education ID MANAGEMENT; OREGON AB An increased appreciation of how scientific and societal uncertainty enters management decisions suggests a new approach to forest management-options forestry. We contend that unflinching assessments of uncertainty can often find an array of alternatives that cannot be distinguished with sufficient confidence to permit the choice of one "best practice." Options forestry responds to uncertainty by diversifying management, emphasizing learning, and integrating research and management. A Siuslaw National Forest project in Oregon demonstrates options forestry as an approach to act on uncertainty to society's advantage. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Ecosyst Proc Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Managing Disturbance Regimes Program, Wenatchee, WA USA. RP Bormann, BT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Ecosyst Proc Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bbormann@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 102 IS 4 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 822XV UT WOS:000221575000006 ER PT J AU Spelter, H AF Spelter, H TI Converting among log scaling methods: Scribner, international, and Doyle versus cubic SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE conversion factors; inventory; marketing AB Sawlogs in the United States, whether scaled on the ground or cruised on the stump, have traditionally been measured in terms of their lumber yield. The three commonly used measurement rules generally underestimate true recoveries. Moreover, they do so inconsistently, complicating the comparisons of volumes obtained by different board foot rules as well as by the cubic rules used internationally. In particular, for smaller log diameters, the undercount of board foot volume by US log scales can rise sharply. As sizes available to sawmills have declined, the ratios between scaled and actual volumes have changed. Thus, the factors used to convert volumes from one system to another have become outdated. A transition to cubic would improve domestic log market transparency by reducing the worst inequities of board foot scales and making regional comparisons easier, and would create a level playing field internationally. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Spelter, H (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM hspelter@fs.jed.us NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 102 IS 4 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 822XV UT WOS:000221575000008 ER PT J AU Luckeydoo, LM Fausey, NR AF Luckeydoo, LM Fausey, NR TI A periphyton sampler which minimizes site disturbance SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We designed a periphyton sampler that employed a pulley system to suspend tile substrates from above the water surface and enabled remote retrieval of those substrates with minimal disturbance to the basin. This system permitted collection of consistent and reliable samples from wetlands in which even slight disturbance released interfering silt and clay to the water column. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Luckeydoo, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM luckeydoo.1@osu.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 339 EP 340 DI 10.1080/02705060.2004.9664549 PG 2 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819VG UT WOS:000221343400022 ER PT J AU Link, TE Flerchinger, GN Unsworth, M Marks, D AF Link, TE Flerchinger, GN Unsworth, M Marks, D TI Simulation of water and energy fluxes in an old-growth seasonal temperate rain forest using the simultaneous heat and water (SHAW) model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEAK FLOW RESPONSES; WESTERN CASCADES; SURFACE CONDUCTANCE; PONDEROSA PINE; UNITED-STATES; LARGE BASINS; OREGON; VEGETATION; CANOPY; ROADS AB In the Pacific Northwest (PNW), concern about the impacts of climate and land cover change on water resources and flood-generating processes emphasizes the need for a mechanistic understanding of the interactions between forest canopies and hydrologic processes. Detailed measurements during the 1999 and 2000 hydrologic years were used to modify the Simultaneous Heat and Water ( SHAW) model for application in forested systems. Major changes to the model include improved representation of rainfall interception and stomatal conductance dynamics. The model was developed for the 1999 hydrologic year and tested for the 2000 hydrologic year without modification of the site parameters. The model effectively simulated throughfall, soil water content profiles, and shallow soil temperatures for both years. The largest discrepancies between soil moisture and temperature were observed during periods of discontinuous snow cover due to spatial variability that was not explicitly simulated by the model. Soil warming at bare locations was delayed until most of the snow cover ablated because of the large heat sink associated with the residual snow patches. During the summer, simulated transpiration decreased from a maximum monthly mean of 2.2 mm day(-1) in July to 1.3 mm day(-1) in September as a result of decreasing soil moisture and declining net radiation. The results indicate that a relatively simple representation of the vegetation canopy can accurately simulate seasonal hydrologic fluxes in this environment, except during periods of discontinuous snow cover. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Link, TE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, POB 441133, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM tlink@uidaho.edu RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012 NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 BP 443 EP 457 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0443:SOWAEF>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 829ZE UT WOS:000222090600006 ER PT J AU Paoli, GC Chen, CY Brewster, JD AF Paoli, GC Chen, CY Brewster, JD TI Single-chain Fv antibody with specificity for Listeria monocytogenes SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE phage display; Listeria monocytogenes; pathogen detection; scFv ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; IMMUNOMAGNETIC-ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENT DETECTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DISPLAY SUBTRACTION METHOD; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; FOODS; EXPRESSION; SEPARATION; SEROTYPES; PRODUCTS AB Single chain antibodies (scFv) exhibiting specific binding to Listeria monocytogenes strains were isolated from a pool of random scFvs expressed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages. Positive selection (panning) using L. monocytogenes was used to enrich for phage clones with the desired binding affinity, and negative selection using L. innocua and L. ivanovii was used to remove phages expressing cross-reactive antibody fragments. A single phage clone, P4:A8, was selected using two independent panning schemes. A rapid assay was devised to determine phage antibody binding specificity and was used to develop a selectivity profile for individual phage clones. The P4:A8 clone was screened against a panel of bacteria consisting of eight strains of L. monocytogenes, one each of the other six species of Listeria and nine other relevant bacterial species. A collection of individual clones from the penultimate panning was also screened against a subset of the panel of bacteria. The selectivity profiles indicate that multiple clones, including P4:A8, exhibit binding to one or more strains of L. monocytogenes without cross-reactivity toward any other species in the panel. This is the first report of a species-specific antibody for viable cells of L. monocytogenes (i.e., the ability to bind to L. monocytogenes without cross-reactivity toward any other species of Listeria). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem & Core Technol, Eastern Reg Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Units, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Brewster, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem & Core Technol, Eastern Reg Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jbrewster@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JUN PY 2004 VL 289 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2004.04.001 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 842MV UT WOS:000223009400014 PM 15251420 ER PT J AU Keating, JD Robinson, J Cotta, MA Saddler, JN Mansfield, SD AF Keating, JD Robinson, J Cotta, MA Saddler, JN Mansfield, SD TI An ethanologenic yeast exhibiting unusual metabolism in the fermentation of lignocellulosic hexose sugars SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE yeast; fermentation; lignocellulose; galactose; ethanol ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; GALACTOSE METABOLISM; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; PICHIA-STIPITIS; FUEL ETHANOL; ACETIC-ACID; COCULTURE; GLUCOSE; DETOXIFICATION; XYLITOL AB Three lignocellulosic substrate mixtures [liquid fraction of acid-catalyzed steam-exploded softwood, softwood spent sulfite liquor (SSL) and hardwood SSL] were separately fermented by the industrially employed SSL-adapted strain Tembec T1 and a natural galactose-assimilating isolate (Y-1528) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to compare fermentative efficacy. Both strains were confirmed as S. cerevisiae via molecular genotyping. The performance of strain Y-1528 exceeded thatof TembecT1 on all three substrate mixtures, with complete hexose sugar consumption ranging from 10 to 18 h for Y-1528, vs 24 to 28 h for T1. Furthermore, Y-1528 consumed galactose prior to glucose and mannose, in contrast to Tembec T1, which exhibited catabolite repression of galactose metabolism. Ethanol yields were comparable regardless of the substrate utilized. Strains T1 and Y-1528 were also combined in mixed culture to determine the effects of integrating their distinct metabolic capabilities during defined hexose sugar and SSL fermentations. Sugar consumption in the defined mixture was accelerated, with complete exhaustion of hexose sugars occurring in just over 6 h. Galactose was consumed first, followed by glucose and mannose. Ethanol yields were slightly reduced relative to pure cultures of Y-1528, but normal growth kinetics was not impeded. Sugar consumption in the SSLs was also accelerated, with complete utilization of softwood- and hardwood-derived hexose sugars occurring in 6 and 8 h, respectively. Catabolite repression was absent in both SSL fermentations. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mansfield, SD (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM shawnman@interchange.ubc.ca RI Saddler, Jack (John)/A-9103-2013; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 5 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s10295-004-0145-6 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 844EG UT WOS:000223139600007 PM 15252719 ER PT J AU Park, YI Bland, JM Raina, AK AF Park, YI Bland, JM Raina, AK TI Factors affecting post-flight behavior in primary reproductives of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Comotermes firmosanus; tergal glands; tandem behavior; trilinolem; lateral setae ID TRAIL-FOLLOWING PHEROMONE; SEX-PHEROMONE; COLONY DEVELOPMENT; TERGAL GLANDS; BIOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; SHIRAKI; (3Z,6Z,8E)-3,6,8-DODECATRIEN-1-OL; NASUTITERMITINAE; SANTONENSIS AB After swarming, reproductive dealates of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, run together in tandem. The tandem running is an age-related behavioral activity in C formosanus. This behavior was not evoked in pre-flight alates less than 6-d-old that were artificially dealated. Female age was more important than mate age for evoking tandem behavior. Females and males, older than 35 days, did not exhibit this behavior. Mating status was not important for female and male dealates to form the tandem pairs. The titers of the major tergal gland component, trilinolein, did not decline significantly and remained high, not only in virgin females, but also in mated females for a period of time after swarming. On the other hand, increasing amounts of the female-specific compound trilinolein were detected in male dealates 7, 14, and 42 days after pairing. This suggests that trilinolein in the females might be transferred to the males as a nuptial gift in C formosanus. In addition, females have structurally different lateral setae that may constitute a morphological factor involved in the tandem behavior in this species. Covering the setae with dimethyl sulfoxide prevented the tandem behavior. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Park, YI (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ypark@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.03.010 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 830ZC UT WOS:000222161700008 PM 15183283 ER PT J AU Park, YI Raina, AK AF Park, YI Raina, AK TI Juvenile hormone III titers and regulation of soldier caste in coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Formosan subterranean termite; juvenile hormone III; JH titer; Methoprene; caste differentiation; social insects ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS; MACROTERMES-MICHAELSENI; DIFFERENTIATION; ANALOG; PROPORTIONS; SANTONENSIS; COLONIES AB Juvenile hormone (JH) is an important growth hormone in insects that has also been implicated in caste determination in termites. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to establish that the JH in the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is JH III. JH III titers were measured in workers, pre-soldiers, and soldiers from samples collected from the field. The average titers of JH III in workers and soldiers were about 13 and 25 pg mg(-1), respectively. However, pre-soldiers contained a significantly higher amount, 596 pg mg(-1). As expected, treatment of workers with a JH-analogue, methoprene, triggered rapid formation of pre-soldiers. However, these pre-soldiers had a very low JH III titer (62 pg mg(-1)). It appears that the application of JHA, while inducing pre-soldier formation, does not increase the endogenous JH III titer. The titer, however, increased as the pre-soldiers aged and before transforming into soldiers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Park, YI (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ypark@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 BP 561 EP 566 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.04.002 PG 6 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 830ZC UT WOS:000222161700011 PM 15183286 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Duncan, NP AF Zielinski, WJ Duncan, NP TI Diets of sympatric populations of american martens (Martes americana) and fishers (Martes pennanti) in California SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE diet; feces; fisher; food habits; foraging; marten; Martes aniericana; Martes pennanti; Sierra Nevada ID WINTER FOOD-HABITS; SOUTHEASTERN MANITOBA; PREY; FOX; COMPETITION; PATTERNS; OVERLAP; MAMMALS; SCATS; SNOW AB American martens (Martes americana) and fishers (M. pennanti) occur together in mixed-conifer forests of the southern Sierra Nevada. We studied their diets in the area of sympatry by examining their feces and comparing diet diversity and overlap. Diets of both species were more diverse than previously reported in North America. Although the diet of fishers appeared to include more remains of birds, lizards, hypogeous fungi, and insects than that of martens, the rank contribution of prey items to the diets did not differ and the Pianka index of dietary overlap was high. The great diversity of diets of fishers and martens may be due to the absence or rarity of large prey (e.g., snowshoe hares [Lepus americanus] and porcupines [Erethizon dorsatum]) or to a greater diversity of available prey types in the southern Sierra Nevada compared to other study sites for Martes in North America. The high degree of overlap in diets is surprising given the body size differences between martens and fishers, previously described differences in their diets, and similar use of other niche dimensions. The similarity is probably due, in part, to the relatively large pool of diverse and available resources that are exploited by both species by using similar modes of foraging. In addition, our sample of martens was drawn from the lowest margin of their elevational range in the southern Sierra; a more comprehensive survey of the diets of martens at higher elevations may yield different results. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bzielinski@fs.fed.us NR 75 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 51 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 85 IS 3 BP 470 EP 477 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0470:DOSPOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 827JV UT WOS:000221896600014 ER PT J AU Bowyer, RT Kie, JG AF Bowyer, RT Kie, JG TI Effects of foraging activity on sexual segregation in mule deer SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE activity patterns; behavior; California; foraging efficiency; group size; mule deer; niche theory; Odocoileus hemionus; sexual segregation ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SIZE DIMORPHISM; BIGHORN SHEEP; SOCIAL SEGREGATION; HABITAT SELECTION; ROOSEVELT ELK; ALASKAN MOOSE; BEHAVIOR; MAMMALS; MANIPULATION AB We retrospectively tested whether differences in activity patterns and foraging efficiency by males and females were responsible for sexual segregation in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). These deer spatially segregated by sex during the dry season (May-October), which encompassed parturition, and aggregated during the wet season (November-April), which included rut. Activity did not differ among types of social groups of deer (mixed-sex, adult male, or adult female), but was greater during the dry season than in the wet season. Foraging efficiency (percentage of active deer feeding) was greater in mixed-sex groups than in groups of either adult males or adult females during both wet and dry seasons. We rejected the hypothesis that differences in activity or foraging efficiency lead to spatial segregation of the sexes in mule deer; no aspect of that hypothesis will explain why sexes use space or other resources differentially. We propose a new approach that incorporates niche theory and reconciles past difficulties in how best to interpret sexual segregation in ungulates. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Bowyer, RT (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM bowyterr@isu.edu NR 48 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 15 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 85 IS 3 BP 498 EP 504 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 827JV UT WOS:000221896600018 ER PT J AU Smith, WP Nichols, JV AF Smith, WP Nichols, JV TI Demography of two endemic forest-floor mammals of southeastern Alaskan temperate rain forest SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; Clethrionomys gapperi wrangeli; demography; endemic populations; Keen's mouse; old-growth forest; Peromyscus keeni; southeastern Alaska; southern red-backed vole; temperate rain forest ID AGED SHELTERWOOD SYSTEMS; OLD-GROWTH-FOREST; CLETHRIONOMYS-GAPPERI; POPULATION-SIZE; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; SUBARCTIC POPULATION; CONIFEROUS FOREST; WESTERN HEMLOCK; STAND STRUCTURE; REDBACK VOLE AB We studied demography of the Keen's mouse (Peromyscus keeni macrorhinus) and the Wrangell Island red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi wrangeli) in the Alexander Archipelago during 1998-2000 because of concerns over population viability from extensive clear-cut logging of temperate rain forest in the region. We trapped 1-ha grids and assessment lines with live traps during spring and autumn to compare populations among gap-phase oldgrowth, multicohort old-growth, peatland mixed-conifer, and thinned young-growth (23-year-old) forests. Generally, gap-phase old growth and peatland mixed conifer supported the highest and lowest populations of voles, respectively. One notable exception was during autumn 1998, when vole population levels were highest and density was higher (P < 0.02) in young growth than gap-phase old growth. Mean body mass, minimum summer and overwinter survival, age and sex composition, and percentage reproductive females did not differ among habitats. For Keen's mouse, density was highest in 1998; overall, populations were highest in young growth and lowest in peatland mixed conifer. Mean body mass and minimum summer and overwinter survival did not differ among habitats, but fewer reproductive females were recorded in multicohort than in gap-phase old growth, peatland mixed conifer, or young growth. Our results suggest that C. gapperi populations in southeastern Alaska are not as sensitive to canopy removal as has been indicated elsewhere in western coniferous forests and that P. keeni populations in southeastern Alaska flourish in a variety of habitats. If the results of our study can be generalized across southeastern Alaska, peatland mixed conifer likely contributes little to breeding populations of C. gapperi and thus is unlikely to mitigate any effects of broad-scale clear-cut logging of old-growth forests. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM winston_smith@fs.fed.us NR 86 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 85 IS 3 BP 540 EP 551 DI 10.1644/BEH-003 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 827JV UT WOS:000221896600024 ER PT J AU Pettit, GR Zhang, QW Pinilla, W Herald, DL Doubek, DL Duke, JA AF Pettit, GR Zhang, QW Pinilla, W Herald, DL Doubek, DL Duke, JA TI Isolation and structure of gustastatin from the Brazilian nut tree Gustavia hexapetala SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID LICHEN ROCCELLA-PORTENTOSA; SUBSTANCES; POLYPROPIONATE; LECYTHIDACEAE AB A bioassay-guided investigation of Gustavia hexapetala led to the isolation of a new cancer cell growth inhibitor designated gustastatin (1) and four previously known cancer cell growth inhibitors that included betulinic acid (2). The structures were assigned on the basis of analyses of HRMS combined with 1D and 2D NMR data. The structure of portentol (5) was confirmed by an X-ray crystal structure determination. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Canc Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pettit, GR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Canc Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM bpettit@asu.edu RI Zhang, Qing-Wen/F-9419-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA44344-01A1-12, R01 CA-90441-01-03] NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 67 IS 6 BP 983 EP 985 DI 10.1021/np030509i PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 832OP UT WOS:000222277100011 PM 15217278 ER PT J AU Timper, P Wilson, DM Holbrook, CC Maw, BW AF Timper, P Wilson, DM Holbrook, CC Maw, BW TI Relationship between Meloidogyne arenaria and aflatoxin contamination in peanut SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Arachis hypogaea; Aspergillus flavus; A. parasiticus; interaction; Meloidogyne arenaria; peanut; root-knot nematode ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; TEMPERATURE; NEMATODE; WILT AB Damaged and developing kernels of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) are susceptible to colonization by fungi in the Aspergillus flavus group which, under certain conditions, produces aflatoxins prior to harvest. Our objective was to determine whether infection of peanut roots and pods by Meloidogyne arenaria increases aflatoxin contamination of the kernels when peanut is subjected to drought stress. The experiment was a completely randomized 2-x-2 factorial with 6 replicates/treatment. The treatment factors were nematodes (plus and minus M. arenaria) and fungus (plus and minus A. flavus inoculum). The experiment was conducted in 2001 and 2002 in microplots under an automatic rain-out shelter. In treatments where A. flavus inoculum was added, aflatoxin concentrations were high (>1,000 ppb) and not affected by nematode infection; in treatments without added fungal inoculum, aflatoxin concentrations were greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) in kernels from nematode-infected plants (1,190 ppb) than in kernels from uninfected plants (79 ppb). There was also an increase in aflatoxin contamination of kernels with increasing pod galling (r(2) = 0.83 in 2001, r(2) = 0.43 in 2002; P less than or equal to 0.04). Colonization of kernels by A. flavus increased with increasing pod galling (r(2) = 0.18; P = 0.04) in 2001 but not in 2002. Root-know nematodes may have a greater role in enhancing aflatoxin contamination of peanut when conditions are not optimal for growth and aflatoxin production by fungi in the A. flavus group. C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM ptimper@tifton.usda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 2 BP 167 EP 170 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 845WZ UT WOS:000223277300010 PM 19262803 ER PT J AU Atibalentja, N Jakstys, BP Noel, GR AF Atibalentja, N Jakstys, BP Noel, GR TI Life cycle, ultrastructure, and host specificity of the north American isolate of Pasteuria that parasitizes the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heterodera glycines; host specificity; life cycle; Pasteuria spp.; soybean cyst nematode; taxonomy; ultrastructure ID RAMOSA METCHNIKOFF 1888; MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA RACE-1; BACTERIAL PARASITE; BACILLUS-PENETRANS; OBLIGATE ENDOPARASITE; FINE-STRUCTURE; BELONOLAIMUS-LONGICAUDATUS; TYLENCHULUS-SEMIPENETRANS; PHYLOGENETIC POSITION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY AB Light and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the life cycle and ultrastructure of an undescribed isolate of Pasteuria that parasitizes the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines. Studies also were conducted to determine the host specificity of Pasteuria. The endospores that attached to the cuticle of second-stage juveniles (J2) of H. glycines in soil did not germinate until the encumbered nematodes invaded soybean roots. Thereafter, the bacterium developed and completed its life cycle only in females. The stages of endosporogenesis were typical of Pasteuria spp. The mature endospore, like that of P. nishizawae, the only other Pasteuria known to infect H. glycines, produces an epicortical layer that completely surrounds the cortex, an outer spore coat that tapers progressively from the top to the base of the central body, and a double basal adhesion layer. However, subtle differences exist between the Pasteuria from North America and P. nishizawae with regard to size of the central body, nature and function of the mesosomes observed in the earlier stages of endosporogenesis, and appearance of the fibers lining the basal adhesion layer and the exosporium of the mature endospore. Endospores of the North American Pasteuria attached to J2 of H. schachtii, H. trifolii, and H. lespedezae but not to Meloidogyne arenaria race 1, Tylenchorhynchus nudus, and Labronema sp. Results from this study indicate that the North American Pasteuria is more similar to P. nishizawae than to any other known member of the genus. Additional evidence from comparative analysis of 16S rDNA sequences is needed to clarify whether these two Pasteuria belong to the same species. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Ctr Microscop Imaging, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Genet, Germplasm & Pathol Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Atibalentja, N (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM g-noel1@uiuc.edu NR 76 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 2 BP 171 EP 180 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 845WZ UT WOS:000223277300011 PM 19262804 ER PT J AU Nyczepir, AP Shapiro-Ilan, DI Lewis, EE Handoo, ZA AF Nyczepir, AP Shapiro-Ilan, DI Lewis, EE Handoo, ZA TI Effect of entomopathogenic nematodes on Mesocriconema xenoplax populations in peach and pecan SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Carya illinoensis; entomopathogenic nematodes; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; Mesocriconema xenoplax; nematode; peach; Prunus persica; ring nematode; Steinernema ribrave ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; TREE SHORT LIFE; CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; RING NEMATODE; PRUNING DATE; SOIL; SUPPRESSION; IRRIGATION AB The effect of Steinernema riobrave and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on population density of Mesocriconema xenoplax in peach was studied in the greenhouse. Twenty-one days after adding 112 M. xenoplax adults and juveniles/1,500 cm(3) soil to the soil surface of each pot, 50 infective juveniles/cm(2) soil surface of either S. riobrave or H. bacteriophora were applied. Another entomopathogenic nematode application of the same density was administered 3 months later. The experiment was repeated once. Mesocriconema xenoplax populations were not suppressed (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the presence of either S. riobrave or H. bacteriophora 180 days following ring nematode inoculation. On pecan, 200 S. riobrave infective-stage juveniles/cm(2) were applied to the soil surface of 2-year-old established M. xenoplax populations in field microplots. Additional applications of S. riobrave were administered 2 and 4 months later. This study was terminated 150 days following the initial application of S. riobrave. Populations of M. xenoplax were not suppressed in the presences of S. riobrave. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nyczepir, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM anyczepir@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 2 BP 181 EP 185 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 845WZ UT WOS:000223277300012 PM 19262805 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT DeMars, LCS AF Johnson, WT DeMars, LCS TI Increased heme oxygenase-1 expression during copper deficiency in rats results from increased mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide(1-4) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2001 Annual Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE heme oxygenase; mitochondria; hydrogen peroxide; respiratory complexes; copper deficiency ID 32-KDA STRESS PROTEIN; HUMAN-SKIN FIBROBLASTS; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; FREE-RADICALS; ADENINE-NUCLEOTIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-REGULATION; IN-VITRO; INDUCTION; CELLS AB The activity of hepatic heme oxygenase (HO) in rats is elevated in response to copper deficiency. However, the mechanism responsible for the increase in HO activity is; poorly understood. Oxidative stress is a common denominator for many of the signals that induce HO-1, the inducible isoform of HO. The present study evaluated the role of H2O2 and the mitochondrial electron transport chain as a potential mechanism for the induction of HO-1 during copper deficiency. Mitochondria isolated from the livers of young male rats fed a copper-deficient diet for 5 wk had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced levels of NADH:cytochrome c reductase (31% reduction), succinate:cytrochrome c reductase (42% reduction), and cytochrome c oxidase (70% reduction) activities and significantly increased production of H2O2 (48% increase) when glutamate was used as a substrate. Hepatic levels of HO-1 protein and mRNA were also significantly elevated (48 and 20%, respectively) in copper-deficient rats, indicating that copper deficiency stimulated the expression of the HO-1 gene. Furthermore, hepatic HO-1 protein content was best described by a regression model that included mitochondrial NADH:cytochrome c reductase and succinate:cytochrome c reductase activities, but not cytochrome c oxidase activity (R-2 = 0.54, P < 0.02). Hydrogen peroxide is a known inducer of HO-1, and our results suggest that increased mitochondrial H2O2 production resulting from inhibition of respiratory complex activities contributes to the induction of HO-1 during copper deficiency. The levels of HO-1 protein and mRNA were also elevated (85 and 95%, respectively) in hearts from copper-deficient rats, indicating that the effects of copper deficiency on HO-1 gene expression are not limited to hepatic tissue. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Johnson, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM tjohnson@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1328 EP 1333 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 827IN UT WOS:000221893000007 PM 15173392 ER PT J AU Cook, JT Frank, DA Berkowitz, C Black, MM Casey, PH Cutts, DB Meyers, AF Zaldivar, N Skalicky, A Levenson, S Heeren, T Nord, M AF Cook, JT Frank, DA Berkowitz, C Black, MM Casey, PH Cutts, DB Meyers, AF Zaldivar, N Skalicky, A Levenson, S Heeren, T Nord, M TI Food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes among human infants and toddlers SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY APR 29-MAY 13, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Pediat Acad Soc DE food security; food insecurity; hunger; child health; children ID FAILURE-TO-THRIVE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; CHILD HEALTH; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LOW-INCOME; WELFARE-REFORM; UNITED-STATES; POVERTY; HUNGER; INSUFFICIENT AB The U.S. Household Food Security Scale, developed with federal support for use in national surveys, is an effective research tool. This study uses these new measures to examine associations between food insecurity and health outcomes in young children. The purpose of this study was to determine whether household food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes in a sentinel population ages less than or equal to 36 mo. We conducted a multisite retrospective cohort study with cross-sectional surveys at urban medical centers in 5 states and Washington DC, August 1998-December 2001. Caregivers of 11,539 children ages : 36 mo were interviewed at hospital clinics and emergency departments (ED) in central cities. Outcome measures included child's health status, hospitalization history, whether child was admitted to hospital on day of ED visit (for subsample interviewed in EDs), and a composite growth-risk variable. In this sample, 21.4% of households were food insecure (6.8% with hunger). In a logistic regression, after adjusting for confounders, food-insecure children had odds of "fair or poor" health nearly twice as great [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) - 1.90, 95% CI = 1.66-2.18], and odds of being hospitalized since birth almost a third larger (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.16-1.48) than food-secure children. A dose-response relation appeared between fair/poor health status and severity of food insecurity. Effect modification occurred between Food Stamps and food insecurity; Food Stamps attenuated (but did not eliminate) associations between food insecurity and fair/poor health. Food insecurity is associated with health problems for young, low-income children. Ensuring food security may reduce health problems, including the need for hospitalizations. J. Nutr. 134: 1432-1438, 2004. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Marys Ctr Maternal & Child Care, Washington, DC USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Data Coordinating Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Cook, JT (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM John.Cook@bmc.org NR 55 TC 184 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1438 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 827IN UT WOS:000221893000023 PM 15173408 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Milbury, PE Kwak, HK Collins, FW Samuel, P Blumberg, JB AF Chen, CY Milbury, PE Kwak, HK Collins, FW Samuel, P Blumberg, JB TI Avenanthramides and phenolic acids from oats are bioavailable and act synergistically with vitamin C to enhance hamster and human LDL resistance to oxidation SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2002 Annual Meeting CY APR 20-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA DE antioxidants; avenanthramides; bioavailability; oats; phenolics ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; AVENA-SATIVA L.; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; FERULIC ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FIBER INTAKE; RED WINE; RISK AB The intake of phenolic acids and related polyphenolic compounds has been inversely associated with the risk of heart disease, but limited information is available about their bioavailability or mechanisms of action. Polyphenolics, principally avenanthramides, and simple phenolic acids in oat bran phenol-rich powder were dissolved in HCl:H2O: methanol (1:19:80) and characterized by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The bioavailability of these oat phenolics was examined in BioF1B hamsters. Hamsters were gavaged with saline containing 0.25 g oat bran phenol-rich powder (40 mumol phenolics), and blood was collected between 20 and 120 min. Peak plasma concentrations of avenanthramides A and B, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, ferulic, sinapic, and syringic acids appeared at 40 min. Although absorbed oat phenolics did not enhance ex vivo resistance of LDL to Cu2+-induced oxidation, in vitro addition of ascorbic acid synergistically extended the lag time of the 60-min sample from 137 to 216 min (P less than or equal to 0.05), unmasking the bioactivity of the oat phenolics from the oral dose. The antioxidant capability of oat phenolics to protect human LDL against oxidation induced by 10 mumol/L Cu2+ was also determined in vitro. Oat phenolics from 0.52 to 1.95 mumol/L increased the lag time to LDL oxidation in a dose-dependent manner (P less than or equal to 0.0001). Combining the oat phenolics with 5 mumol/L ascorbic acid extended the lag time in a synergistic fashion (P less than or equal to 0.005). Thus, oat phenolics, including avenanthramides, are bioavailable in hamsters and interact synergistically with vitamin C to protect LDL during oxidation. C1 Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Quaker Oats Co, John Stuart Res Labs, Barrington, IL USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jeffrey.blumberg@tufts.edu NR 55 TC 86 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1459 EP 1466 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 827IN UT WOS:000221893000027 PM 15173412 ER PT J AU Niinikoski, H Stoll, B Guan, XF Kansagra, K Lambert, BD Stephens, J Hartmann, B Holst, JJ Burrin, DG AF Niinikoski, H Stoll, B Guan, XF Kansagra, K Lambert, BD Stephens, J Hartmann, B Holst, JJ Burrin, DG TI Onset of small intestinal atrophy is associated with reduced intestinal blood flow in TPN-Fed neonatal piglets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE enteral nutrition; intestinal adaptation; nitric oxide synthase; cell proliferation; protein synthesis ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; GROWTH; PIGS; GUT; RATS; HEMODYNAMICS; FEED AB Our aim was to determine the speed of onset of total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-induced mucosal atrophy, and whether this is associated with changes in intestinal blood flow and tissue metabolism in neonatal piglets. Piglets were implanted with jugular venous and duodenal catheters and either a portal venous or superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow probe. At 3 wk of age, piglets were randomly assigned to receive continuous enteral formula feeding (n = 8) or TPN (n = 17) for 24 or 48 h. Blood flow was recorded continuously and piglets were given an i.v. bolus of bromodeoxyuridine and C-13-phenylalanine to measure crypt cell proliferation and protein synthesis, respectively. After 8 h of TPN, portal and SMA blood flow decreased 30% compared with enteral feeding (P < 0.01), and remained near levels of food-deprived piglets for the remaining 48 h of TPN. After 24 h, TPN reduced jejunal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and protein abundance (P < 0.05), small intestinal weight, and villous height (P < 0.01) compared with enterally fed piglets. Cell proliferation and DNA mass were decreased (P < 0.05) and apoptosis increased (P < 0.05) after 48 h of TPN. Protein synthesis was lower (P < 0.05) after 24 h of TPN, and protein mass was lower (P < 0.05) after 48 h of TPN, compared with enteral feeding. These data indicate that the transition from enteral to parenteral nutrition induced a rapid (<8 h) decrease in intestinal blood flow, and this likely precedes villous atrophy and the suppression of protein synthesis at 24 h, and of cell proliferation and survival at 48 h. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Med Physiol, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu RI Lambert, Barry/I-3463-2016 OI Lambert, Barry/0000-0003-1488-3118 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD33920] NR 37 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1467 EP 1474 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 827IN UT WOS:000221893000028 PM 15173413 ER PT J AU Cabezon, O Resendes, AR Domingo, M Raga, JA Agusti, C Alegre, F Mons, JL Dubey, JP Almeria, S AF Cabezon, O Resendes, AR Domingo, M Raga, JA Agusti, C Alegre, F Mons, JL Dubey, JP Almeria, S TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild dolphins from the Spanish Mediterranean coast SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; INFECTION; OOCYSTS; SPECIFICITY; WATER AB Although Toxoplasma gondii infection has been found occasionally in cetaceans, little is known of the prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in wild dolphins. Antibodies to T. gondii were determined in serum samples from 58 dolphins stranded in the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Modified agglutination test was used to determine T. gondii antibodies, and a titer of 1:25 was considered indicative of T gondii infection. Antibodies to T gondii were found in 4 of 36 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), in 2 of 4 common dolphins (Delphinus delphis), in 4 of 7 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and in I harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Antibodies were not found in 9 Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) and in I long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) surveyed. The results indicate that T. gondii infection is frequent in at least 3 dolphin species from the Mediterranean Sea. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Vet, Dept Sanitat & Anat Aim, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. Univ Valencia, Dept Zool, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Valencia, Inst Canvanilles Biodiversidad & Biol Evolutiva, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. CRAMC, Barcelona 08330, Spain. Aula Mar Malaga, Malaga 29001, Spain. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Almeria, S (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Vet, Dept Sanitat & Anat Aim, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. EM sonia.almeria@uab.es RI Domingo, Mariano/A-1015-2009; Cabezon, Oscar/L-3812-2014; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014; OI Domingo, Mariano/0000-0002-9623-4826; Cabezon, Oscar/0000-0001-7543-8371; Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488; Raga, Juan Antonio/0000-0003-2687-2539 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 90 IS 3 BP 643 EP 644 DI 10.1645/GE-257R PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 832UH UT WOS:000222292200033 PM 15270114 ER PT J AU Fayer, R AF Fayer, R TI Infectivity of microsporidia spores stored in seawater at environmental temperatures SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; FECAL SAMPLES; SURFACE-WATER; 1ST DETECTION; NOSEMA-APIS; MAMMALS; PREVALENCE; PARASITE; HUMANS AB To determine how long spores of Encephalitozoon caniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis remain viable in seawater at environmental temperatures, culture-derived spores were stored in 10, 20, and 30 ppt artificial seawater at 10 and 20 C. At intervals of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 wk, spores were tested for infectivity in monolayer cultures of Madin Darby bovine kidney cells. Spores of E. hellem appeared the most robust. some remaining infectious in 30 ppt seawater at 10 C for 12 wk and in 30 ppt seawater at 20 C for 2 wk. Those of E. intestinalis were slightly less robust, remaining infectious in 30 ppt seawater at 10 and 20 C for I and 2 wk, respectively. Spores of E. cuniculi remained infectious in 10 ppt seawater at 10 and 20 C for 2 wk but not at higher salinities. These findings indicate that the spores of the 3 species of Encephalitozoon vary in their ability to remain viable when exposed to a conservative range of salinities and temperatures found in nature but, based strictly on salinity and temperature, can potentially remain infectious long enough to become widely dispersed in estuarine and coastal waters. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 90 IS 3 BP 654 EP 657 DI 10.1645/GE-3335RN PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 832UH UT WOS:000222292200037 PM 15270118 ER PT J AU Jenkins, M Soares, R Murphy, C Hemphill, A O'Handley, R Dubey, JP AF Jenkins, M Soares, R Murphy, C Hemphill, A O'Handley, R Dubey, JP TI Localization of a 56-kDa antigen that is present in multiple developmental stages of Neospora caninum SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; SURFACE PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; TACHYZOITES; HOMOLOG AB The purpose of the present study was to characterize the intracellular distribution of a native Neospora caninum 56-kDa protein that is recognized by sera from N. caninum-infected dairy cattle. The complementary DNA coding for this protein was expressed in Escherichia coli as a polyHis fusion protein to which antiserum was prepared and used to localize the antigen in N. caninum tachyzoites and bradyzoites. By sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, antirecombinant Nc56 serum recognized a major 56-kDa protein and 2 minor (43 and 39 kDa) proteins of N. caninuin tachyzoites. Antiserum to recombinant 56-kDa protein showed this antigen to be present in both N. caninum tachyzoites and bradyzoites/cysts as detected by immunofluorescence staining. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed the 56-kDa antigen to be present in the apical end of both tachyzoites and bradyzoites and possibly extracellularly secreted by tachyzoites. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Bern, Inst Parasitol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. RP Jenkins, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mjenkins@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 90 IS 3 BP 660 EP 663 DI 10.1645/GE-3296RN PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 832UH UT WOS:000222292200040 PM 15270121 ER PT J AU Fontem, DA Olanya, OM Njualem, BF AF Fontem, DA Olanya, OM Njualem, BF TI Reaction of certain solanaceous and asteraceous plant species to inoculation with Phytophthora infestans in cameroon SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE late blight; host range; Phytophthora infestans; huckleberry; potato; tomato; Cameroon ID WESTERN HIGHLANDS; UGANDA; POTATO AB Experiments were conducted to detect potential hosts of Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of potato late blight among weeds occurring in Cameroon. Isolates of P. infestans isolated from garden huckleberry (Solanum scabrum), potato (S. tuberosum) and tomato (S. lycopersicon) were inoculated on detached leaves of 12 solanaceous and 14 asteraceous species collected from the potato agroecosystem in the western highlands of Cameroon. Isolates of P. infestans from huckleberry and potato infected the same host plants as well as gboma eggplant (S. macrocarpon) and two asteraceous weeds; Billy goatweed (Ageratum conyzoides) and Dichrocephala (Dichrocephala integrifolia). Inoculum from potato caused late blight symptoms on haemorrhage plant (Aspilia africana); while inoculum from tomato resulted in late blight on worowo (Solanecio biafrae). This is the first report of late blight infection on S. macrocarpon, A. conyzoides, Sol. biafrae and Asp. africana in Cameroon. The research results indicate that some asteraceous and solanaceous weeds may be alternative hosts of P. infestans in the potato agroecosystem. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto@maine.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 152 IS 6 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2004.00850.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 834PE UT WOS:000222422200003 ER PT J AU Goldstein, MI Hibbitts, TJ AF Goldstein, MI Hibbitts, TJ TI Summer roadside raptor surveys in the western Pampas of Argentina SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chimango Caracara; Milvago chimango; Crested Caracara; Caracara plancus; agriculture; mesquite; Argentina; survey ID HAWKS C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, TAMU 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Goldstein, MI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Chugach Natl Forest, 3301 C St,Suite 300, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM mgoldstein@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 2 BP 152 EP 157 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 836HG UT WOS:000222545900007 ER PT J AU Engler, MB Engler, MM Chen, CY Malloy, MJ Browne, A Chiu, EY Kwak, HK Milbury, P Paul, SM Blumberg, J Mietus-Synder, ML AF Engler, MB Engler, MM Chen, CY Malloy, MJ Browne, A Chiu, EY Kwak, HK Milbury, P Paul, SM Blumberg, J Mietus-Synder, ML TI Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE flavonoid; endothelial; cholesterol; oxidized LDL; 8-isoprostanes; chocolate; epicatechin ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; VEGETABLE INTAKE; OXIDATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PLATELET ACTIVATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; MILK CHOCOLATE AB Background: Dark chocolate derived from the plant (Theobroma cacao) is a rich source of flavonoids. Cardioprotective effects including antioxidant properties, inhibition of platelet activity, and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been ascribed to the cocoa flavonoids. Objective: To investigate the effects of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate on endothelial function, measures of oxidative stress, blood lipids, and blood pressure in healthy adult subjects. Design: The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design conducted over a 2 week period in 21 healthy adult subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned to daily intake of high-flavonoid (213 mg procyanidins, 46 mg epicatechin) or low-flavonoid dark chocolate bars (46 g, 1.6 oz). Results: High-flavonoid chocolate consumption improved endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (mean change = 1.3 +/- 0.7%) as compared to low-flavonoid chocolate consumption (mean change = -0.96 +/- 0.5%) (p = 0.024). No significant differences were rioted in the resistance to LDL oxidation, total antioxidant capacity, 8-isoprostanes, blood pressure, lipid parameters, body weight or body mass index (BMI) between the two groups. Plasma epicatechin concentrations were markedly increased at 2 weeks in the high-flavonoid group (204.4 +/- 18.5 nmol/L, p less than or equal to 0.001) but not in the low-flavonoid group (17.5 +/- 9 nmol/L, p = 0.99). Conclusion: Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and. is associated with an increase in plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults. No changes in oxidative stress measures, lipid profiles, blood pressure, body weight or BMI were seen. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Nursing, Dept Physiol Nursing, Lab Cardiovasc Physiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Inst Cardiovasc Res, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidant Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Nursing, Res Off, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Engler, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Nursing, Dept Physiol Nursing, Lab Cardiovasc Physiol, 2 Koret Way,Suite N631, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM mary.engler@nursing.ucsf.edu NR 49 TC 253 Z9 260 U1 9 U2 72 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 197 EP 204 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 827QY UT WOS:000221916700002 PM 15190043 ER PT J AU Cotton, PA Subar, AF Friday, JE Cook, A AF Cotton, PA Subar, AF Friday, JE Cook, A TI Dietary sources of nutrients among US adults, 1994 to 1996 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NHANES-II SURVEY; QUANTITATIVE DATA; AMERICAN DIET; FOOD SOURCES; MACRONUTRIENTS AB Objective To identify major food sources of 30 nutrients and dietary constituents among US adults during 1994 to 1996, and to compare them with those identified for 1989 to 1991. Design A total of 6,419 foods were assigned to 112 food groups based on similarities in nutrient content or use. These foods included 3,778 food mixtures disaggregated by the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) FoodLink computerized research tool, so ingredients could be assigned to the appropriate groups and nutrient values ascribed accordingly. Subjects/Setting Single 24-hour dietary recalls from a nationally representative sample of 10,019 adults aged 19 years or older in USDA's 1994 to 1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals were used. Statistical Analyses Performed The population proportion formula was used to determine weighted nutrient intakes by food groups. Results were tabulated in descending rank order for food groups providing at least 1% of total nutrient intake. Results Dietary food sources found for 1994 to 1996 were fairly consistent with 1989 to 1991 results for the rank order and proportion these sources made to total nutrient intakes. Remarkable changes were seen in the higher proportion of energy from alcoholic beverages, in the shifts in the proportion of total fat and fatty acids from oil (higher ranked) and margarine (lower ranked), and in the lower proportion of vitamins and minerals from ready-to-eat cereals. Conclusions Despite changes in survey methodology, the food supply, and eating patterns, food sources of nutrients among US adults in 1994 to 1996 and 1989 to 1991 were similar. The 1994 to 1996 data are the first known national population estimates for dietary sources of vitamin A (retinol equivalents), selenium, caffeine, and theobromine among US adults. C1 USDA, Community Nutr Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Appl Res Program, Risk Factor Monitoring & Methods Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Cotton, PA (reprint author), USDA, Community Nutr Res Grp, Bldg 005,Room 117,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pcotton@rhbnrc.usda.gov NR 20 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 104 IS 6 BP 921 EP 930 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.03.019 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 826BV UT WOS:000221804800011 PM 15175590 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP AF Liu, CK Latona, NP TI Nondestructive evaluation of leather based on acoustic emission SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FIBER ORIENTATION; RESISTANCE; CALFSKIN AB The physical testing of leather is currently a destructive process, wherein cutouts are taken off the tannery floor for mechanical testing. These destructive tests are not only time-consuming, but also wasteful of leather. Therefore there is great incentive to develop a nondestructive test that will drastically improve leather quality control. We recently examined the feasibility of using the acoustic emission (AE) technique to nondestructively measure the mechanical properties of leather, particularly tear strength and softness; both properties are critical for leather especially for upholstery and automobile applications. In this investigation, a rotational acoustic sensor was contacted with the leather samples to collect their AE quantities and properties. Observations showed an excellent correlation between the tear strength of leather and the corresponding acoustic counts, read from an acoustic emission analyzer. Data also indicated a close relationship between the softness of leather and the corresponding ratio of acoustic hits to energy. The observed phenomena implied that the tear strength and softness of leather can be nondestructively determined by measuring the acoustic quantities with a rotational sensor crossing over the leather to be tested. The results of this research have become the framework in designing an in-line nondestructive evaluation method for leather quality. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM cliu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 99 IS 6 BP 251 EP 257 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 832TT UT WOS:000222290800003 ER PT J AU Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Calvert, PD AF Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Calvert, PD TI Solid freeform fabrication of soybean oil-based composites reinforced with clay and fibers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE clay; epoxidized soybean oil; epoxy resin; fibers; solid freeform fabrication ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES AB Soybean oil/epoxy-based composites were prepared by an extrusion freeform fabrication method. These composites were reinforced with a combination of organically modified clay and fibers. The intercalated behavior of the epoxy resin in the presence of organo-modified clay was investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The mixture of epoxidized soybean oil and EPON(R) 828 resin was modified with a gelling agent to solidify the materials until curing occurred. The flexural modulus reached 4.86 GPa with glass fiber reinforcement at 50.6 wt% loading. It was shown that the fiber orientation followed the direction of motion of the writing head that deposited the resins and had an influence on the properties of the composite. The composites cured by curing agent Jeffamine EDR-148 were found to have lower mechanical properties than those cured with triethylenetetramine, diethylenetriamine, and polyethylenimine. In addition, the effects of clay loading and fiber loading on mechanical properties of the composites were studied and reported. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 81 IS 6 BP 605 EP 610 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-0949-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 838JO UT WOS:000222709700015 ER PT J AU Jha, M Gassman, PW Secchi, S Gu, R Arnold, J AF Jha, M Gassman, PW Secchi, S Gu, R Arnold, J TI Effect of watershed subdivision on swat flow, sediment, and nutrient predictions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE modeling; flow; sediment; nutrients; watershed subdivision; sensitivity analysis ID MODEL; SIMULATION; HYDROLOGY; BASINS; YIELD AB The size, scale, and number of subwatersheds can affect a watershed modeling process and subsequent results. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate level of subwatershed division for simulating flow, sediment, and nutrients over 30 years for four Iowa watersheds ranging in size from 2,000 to 18,000 km(2) with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The results of the analysis indicated that variation in the total number of subwatersheds had very little effect on streamflow. However, the opposite result was found for sediment, nitrate, and inorganic P; the optimal threshold subwatershed sizes, relative to the total drainage area for each watershed, required to adequately predict these three indicators were found to be around 3, 2, and 5 percent, respectively. Decreasing the size of the subwatersheds below these threshold levels does not significantly affect the predicted levels of these environmental indicators. These threshold subwatershed sizes can be used to optimize input data preparation requirements for SWAT analyses of other watersheds, especially those within a similar size range. The fact that different thresholds emerged for the different indicators also indicates the need for SWAT users to assess which indicators should have the highest priority in their analyses. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Resource Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Jha, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pwgassma@iastate.edu RI Secchi, Silvia/C-9124-2013 OI Secchi, Silvia/0000-0003-0095-0789 NR 33 TC 86 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 811 EP 825 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb04460.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 835LL UT WOS:000222484600018 ER PT J AU Burkart, MR Simpkins, WW Morrow, AJ Gannon, JM AF Burkart, MR Simpkins, WW Morrow, AJ Gannon, JM TI Occurrence of total dissolved phosphorus in unconsolidated aquifers and aquitards in Iowa SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE ground water hydrology; nonpoint source pollution; water quality; phosphorus; agriculture; till; loess; alluvium ID AGRICULTURAL LAND; SMALL WATERSHEDS; GRASSLAND SOILS; DRAINAGE WATER; NITROGEN; NITRATE; GROUNDWATERS; CHLOROPHYLL; TRANSPORT; PHOSPHATE AB Seven sets of ground water samples from 103 observation wells were analyzed for total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in four areas and five materials including loess and loess derived alluvium in the Deep Loess Hills of western Iowa, outwash and fractured till adjacent to Clear Lake in north central Iowa, fractured till in central Iowa, and a sand and gravel aquifer in northwest Iowa. Land use in ground water recharge zones in all four areas is dominated by crop or animal production or both. Concentrations of TDP exceeding the minimum laboratory detection limit of 20 mug/l as P were found in all areas and in all materials sampled. Samples from the outwash deposits associated with Clear Lake contained significantly larger concentrations than all other areas and materials with a median of 160 mug/l. Water from fractured till in three areas produced the smallest range of concentrations with a median of 40 mug/l. The mean value of TDP in all sample sets exceeded 50 mug/l, an important ecological threshold that causes increased productivity in lakes and perennial streams and one being considered as a surface water nutrient standard by regulatory agencies. These results clearly show that ground water in essentially all near-surface aquifers and aquitards discharging to Iowa's streams and lakes is capable of sustaining P concentrations of 50 to 100 mug/l in streams, lakes, and reservoirs. Consequently, even if point discharges and sediment sources of P are substantially reduced, ground-water discharge to surface water may exceed critical thresholds under most conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52241 USA. RP Burkart, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 1250 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM burkart@nstl.gov NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 827 EP 834 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb04461.x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 835LL UT WOS:000222484600019 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ de Paula, AS AF Henry, TJ de Paula, AS TI Rhyparochromomiris femoratus, a remarkable new genus and species of Cylapinae (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Miridae) from ecuador SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Hemiptera; Heteroptera; Miridae; Cylapinae; new genus; new species; Ryparochromomiris femoratus; new world AB A remarkable new cylapine genus and species. Rhyparochromomiris femoratus is described new from specimens taken in canopy-fogging samples in Orellana Province, Ecuador. This myrmecomorphic taxon is unique in the Miridae in having greatly enlarged forefemora. five-segmented antennae in both sexes. and unusual male genitalia. A description, dorsal and lateral photographs of the adult mate and female. antenna, foreleg. and claw. and illustrations of the male genitalia are provided to help distinguish this new mirid from other Cylapinae. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Unif Fed Ouro Preto, Dept Ciencias Biol, ICEB, BR-35400000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC-0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov; hetalex@terra.com.br NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD SUM-FAL PY 2004 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2004)112[0176:RFARNG]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 903FH UT WOS:000227410500008 ER PT J AU Ortega-Leon, G Thomas, DB AF Ortega-Leon, G Thomas, DB TI Two new species of Stalius Rolston (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae : Ochlerini) from central America SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Stalius; Pentatomidae; stinkbug; taxonomy AB Two new species of Stalius are described from Guatemala and Costa Rica. The new species are illustrated and a key provided to separate the members of the genus. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Ortega-Leon, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Apartado Postal 70-153, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD SUM-FAL PY 2004 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2004)112[0190:TNSOSR]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 903FH UT WOS:000227410500010 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW Ivie, MA AF Lingafelter, SW Ivie, MA TI Synonymies and transfers in Elaphidiini mostly relating to the genus Elaphidion Audinet-Serville (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Five new synonyms and ten new combinations are proposed for taxa in Elaphidiini. Brief characterizations of the genera involved (Anelaphus Linsley, Anopliomorpha Linsley, Elaphidion Audinet-Serville, Parelaphidion Skiles, Stizocera Audinet-Serville, Trichophoroides Linsley, Xeranoplium Linsley) are included to provide bases for these taxonomic decisions. The following new combinations are proposed, all transferred from Elaphidion: Anelaphus cinnabarinum (Fisher); Anelaphus crispulum (Fisher); Anelaphus mutatum (Gahan); Anelaphus fasciatum (Fisher); Anelaphus hispaniolae (Fisher); Anopliomorpha antillarum (Fisher); Trichophoroides dozieri (Fisher); Trichophoroides signaticolle (Chevrolat); Trichophoroides variolosum (Fisher); Xeranoplium gracilis (Fisher). The following new synonymies are proposed: Elaphidion truncatipenne Fisher with Anetaphus fasciatum (Fisher); Elaphidion monticola Fisher and Anopliomorpha xylebora Cazier & Lacey with Anopliomorpha antillarum (Fisher); Elaphidion jamaicensis Fisher with Elaphidion tuberculicolle Fisher; Stizocera punctiventris (Cazier & Lacey) with Stizocera insulana (Gahan). A checklist of the 55 species of Elaphidion is provided. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD SUM-FAL PY 2004 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2004)112[0205:SATIEM]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 903FH UT WOS:000227410500012 ER PT J AU Foulk, JA Akin, DE Dodd, RB Frederick, JR AF Foulk, JA Akin, DE Dodd, RB Frederick, JR TI Optimising flax production in the South Atlantic region of the USA SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE flax; flax fibre; fibre quality; harvest; yield; retting ID FIBER FLAX AB Worldwide the USA is the largest user of flax fibre, though very little is actually grown or produced in the USA. 'Ariane' flax was grown in 1990-1991, 1991-1992 and 1998-1999 in South Carolina, USA and evaluated for production characteristics. Plots (15 m long and 2 m wide) in the fall of 1990 and 1991 generated dry matter plant yields ranging from 4510 (early harvest at a seeding rate of 67 kg ha(-1)) to 7340 (late harvest at a seeding rate of 134 kg ha(-1)) kg ha(-1). Based on these results, seed was sown on a private farm using a drill in 19 cm rows at a seeding rate of 101 kg ha(-1) in 1998-1999. Early harvest, selected for optimal fibre quality, produced a dry matter plant yield that averaged 4076 kg ha(-1). Late harvest, selected to optimise seed plus fibre, produced a dry matter plant yield that averaged 5076 kg ha(-1). Stubble remaining in the field after mowing at about 6.0-7.6 cm above the soil surface resulted in a fibre loss of about 3% of total plant dry matter or 10% of potential total fibre yield. Dry matter and fibre yields suggested that flax could be produced in the southeastern USA using traditional farming methods for the area. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, CQRS, Ravenel Ctr, Clemson, SC USA. Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Agron, Florence, SC 29506 USA. RP Foulk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, CQRS, Ravenel Ctr, RM 10,McGregor Rd, Clemson, SC USA. EM jonnf@clemson.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 84 IS 8 BP 870 EP 876 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1738 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 826CA UT WOS:000221805300018 ER PT J AU O'Neal, CC Weirich, CR AF O'Neal, CC Weirich, CR TI Effect of low levels of salinity on production characteristics of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus reared in multiple-crop ponds SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL; GROWTH; FRY C1 USDA, ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst Program, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Aquaculture Res Stn, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Weirich, CR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst Program, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 284 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb01086.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 834JQ UT WOS:000222407800019 ER PT J AU Small, BC Wolters, WR Bates, TD AF Small, BC Wolters, WR Bates, TD TI Identification of a calcium-critical period during channel catfish embryo development SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE TREATMENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; TELEOST; HATCH C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Maine, USDA ARS, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb01087.x PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 834JQ UT WOS:000222407800020 ER PT J AU Lapointe, R Popham, HJR Straschil, U Goulding, D O'Reilly, DR Olszewski, JA AF Lapointe, R Popham, HJR Straschil, U Goulding, D O'Reilly, DR Olszewski, JA TI Characterization of two Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus proteins, Ac145 and Ac150, which affect oral infectivity in a host-dependent manner SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; SEQUENCE; ENHANCIN; GENOME; BACULOVIRUSES; EXPRESSION; CLONING; LARVAE AB The genome of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) contains two homologues, orf145 and orf150, of the Heliothis armigera Entomopoxvirus (HaEPV) 11,000-kDa gene. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the Ac145 or Ac150 protein were utilized to demonstrate that they are expressed from late to very late times of infection and are within the nuclei of infected Sf-21 cells. Transmission electron microscopy coupled with immunogold labeling of Ac145 found this protein within the nucleus in areas of nucleocapsid assembly and maturation, along with some association with the enveloped bundles of virions within the developing occlusion bodies (OBs). Ac150 was found to be mainly associated with enveloped bundles of virions within OBs and also with those not yet occluded. Both Ac145 and Ac150 were found to be present in budded virus as well as OBs. Both orf145 and orf150 were deleted from the AcMNPV genome, singly or together, and these deletion mutants were assessed for oral infectivity both in Trichoplusia ni and Heliothis virescens larvae. Deletion of Ac145 led to a small but significant drop in infectivity (sixfold) compared to wild-type (wt) AcMNPV for T. ni but not for H. virescens. Deletion of Ac150 alone had no effect on infectivity of the virus for either host. However, deletion of both Ac145 and Ac150 gave a recombinant virus with a drastic (39-fold) reduction in infectivity compared to wt virus for H. virescens. Intrahemocoelic injection of budded virus from the double-deletion virus into H. virescens larvae is as infectious to this host as wt budded virus, indicating that Ac145 and Ac150 play a role in primary oral infection of AcMNPV, the extent of which is host dependent. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Sci Biol, SAFB, London SW7 2AZ, England. Syngenta, Jealotts Hill Int Res Ctr, Bracknell RG42 6EY, Berks, England. Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, St Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. USDA, ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Olszewski, JA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Sci Biol, SAFB, S Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.olszewski@imperial.ac.uk NR 31 TC 29 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 78 IS 12 BP 6439 EP 6448 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.12.6439-6448.2004 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 825QC UT WOS:000221772000037 PM 15163737 ER PT J AU Chen, R Neill, JD Noel, JS Hutson, AM Glass, RI Estes, MK Prasad, BVV AF Chen, R Neill, JD Noel, JS Hutson, AM Glass, RI Estes, MK Prasad, BVV TI Inter- and intragenus structural variations in caliciviruses and their functional implications SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; SEA LION VIRUS; RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE; PHYSALIS MOTTLE VIRUS; CAPSID PROTEIN GENE; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ENTERIC CALICIVIRUS; INFECTED-CELLS AB The family Caliciviridae is divided into four genera and consists of single-stranded RNA viruses with hosts ranging from humans to a wide variety of animals. Human caliciviruses are the major cause of outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, whereas animal caliciviruses cause various host-dependent illnesses with a documented potential for zoonoses. To investigate inter- and intragenus structural variations and to provide a better understanding of the structural basis of host specificity and strain diversity, we performed structural studies of the recombinant capsid of Grimsby virus, the recombinant capsid of Parkville virus, and San Miguel sea lion virus serotype 4 (SMSV4), which are representative of the genera Norovirus (genogroup 2), Sapovirus, and Vesivirus, respectively. A comparative analysis of these structures was performed with that of the recombinant capsid of Norwalk virus, a prototype member of Norovirus genogroup 1. Although these capsids share a common architectural framework of 90 dimers of the capsid protein arranged on a T=3 icosahedral lattice with a modular domain organization of the subunit consisting of a shell (S) domain and a protrusion (P) domain, they exhibit distinct differences. The distally located P2 subdomain of P shows the most prominent differences both in shape and in size, in accordance with the observed sequence variability. Another major difference is in the relative orientation between the S and P domains, particularly between those of noroviruses and other caliciviruses. Despite being a human pathogen, the Parkville virus capsid shows more structural similarity to SMSV4, an animal calicivirus, suggesting a closer relationship between sapoviruses and animal caliciviruses. These comparative structural studies of caliciviruses provide a functional rationale for the unique modular domain organization of the capsid protein with an embedded flexibility reminiscent of an antibody structure. The highly conserved S domain functions to provide an icosahedral scaffold; the hypervariable P2 subdomain may function as a replaceable module to confer host specificity and strain diversity; and the P1 subdomain, located between S and P2, provides additional fine-tuning to position the P2 subdomain. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs Mclean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Prasad, BVV (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs Mclean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Alkek Bldg N410,1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM vprasad@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 09197, T32 CA009197]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 38036] NR 63 TC 85 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 78 IS 12 BP 6469 EP 6479 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.12.6469-6497.2004 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 825QC UT WOS:000221772000040 PM 15163740 ER PT J AU McDermott, PF Bodeis, SM Aarestrup, FM Brown, S Traczewski, M Fedorka-Cray, P Wallace, M Critchley, IA Thornsberry, C Graff, S Flamm, R Beyer, J Shortridge, D Piddock, LJ Ricci, V Johnson, MM Jones, RN Reller, B Mirrett, S Aldrobi, J Rennie, R Brosnikoff, C Turnbull, L Stein, G Schooley, S Hanson, RA Walker, RD AF McDermott, PF Bodeis, SM Aarestrup, FM Brown, S Traczewski, M Fedorka-Cray, P Wallace, M Critchley, IA Thornsberry, C Graff, S Flamm, R Beyer, J Shortridge, D Piddock, LJ Ricci, V Johnson, MM Jones, RN Reller, B Mirrett, S Aldrobi, J Rennie, R Brosnikoff, C Turnbull, L Stein, G Schooley, S Hanson, RA Walker, RD TI Development of a standardized susceptibility test for Campylobacter with quality-control ranges for ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and meropenem SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RETAIL CHICKEN; AGAR DILUTION; JEJUNI; SALMONELLA; RESISTANCE; POULTRY; PREVALENCE; ETEST; COLI; MEAT AB A standardized agar dilution susceptibility testing method was developed for Campylobacter that consisted of testing on Mueller-Hinton medium supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood in an atmosphere of 10% CO2, 5% O-2, and 85% N-2- Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33560 was identified as a quality-control (QC) strain. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) QC ranges were determined for two incubation time/temperature combinations: 36degreesC for 48 hr and 42degreesC for 24 hr. Quality-control ranges were determined for ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and meropenem. For all antimicrobial agents tested at both temperatures, 95-100% of the QC MIC results fell within recommended QC ranges. Twenty-one Campylobacter clinical isolates, encompassing five species of Campylobacter (C. jejuni, C. coli, C. jejuni, subsp. doylei, C. fetus, and C. lari) were tested in conjunction with the C. jejuni QC strain. While C. jejuni and C. coli could be reliably tested under both test conditions, growth of C. jejuni subsp. doylei, C. fetus, and C. lari isolates was inconsistent when incubated at 42degreesC. Therefore, it is recommended that these species only be tested at 36degreesC. C1 US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Res Off, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Danish Vet Inst, DK-1790 Copenhagen, Denmark. CMI, Wilsonville, OR 97070 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Focus Technol, Herndon, VA USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Med, Div Immun & Infect, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Jones Grp, JMI Labs, N Liberty, IA 52317 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Microbiol Lab, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Alberta Hosp, Med Microbiol Lab, Edmonton, AB TGG 2J2, Canada. Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP McDermott, PF (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Res Off, HFV 530,8401 Muirkirk Rd,Mod 2, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM PMcDermo@cvm.fda.gov NR 25 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist.-Mechan. Epidemiol. Dis. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 10 IS 2 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1089/1076629041310064 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 835NT UT WOS:000222491200007 PM 15256027 ER PT J AU Moon, CD Craven, KD Leuchtmann, A Clement, SL Schardl, CL AF Moon, CD Craven, KD Leuchtmann, A Clement, SL Schardl, CL TI Prevalence of interspecific hybrids amongst asexual fungal endophytes of grasses SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endophytic fungi; Epichloe; interspecific hybrids; mutualism; Neotyphodium; symbiosis ID TALL FESCUE; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; HYBRIDIZATION; COMPATIBILITY; ACREMONIUM; TRANSMISSION; SYMBIONTS; PHYLOGENY AB Epichloe endophytes are fungal symbionts of grasses that span a continuum including asexual mutualists that are vertically transmitted, obligately sexual pathogens that are horizontally transmitted, and mixed-strategy symbionts with both mutualistic and pathogenic capabilities. Here we show that processes of genome evolution differ markedly for the different symbiont types. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis was conducted of a broad taxonomic, ecological and geographical sample of sexual and asexual isolates, in which were identified and sequenced alleles of genes for beta-tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), and microsatellite alleles were identified by length polymorphisms. The majority of asexual isolates had two or three alleles of most loci, but every sexual isolate had only single alleles for each locus. Phylogenetic analysis of tub2 and tef1 indicated that in all instances of multiple alleles in an isolate, the alleles were derived from different sexual species. It is concluded that, whereas horizontally transmissible species had haploid genomes and speciation occurred cladistically, most of the strictly seedborne mutualists were interspecific hybrids with heteroploid (aneuploid or polyploid) genomes. Furthermore, the phylogenetic evidence indicated that, in at least some instances, hybridization followed rather than caused evolution of the strictly seedborne habit. Therefore, the abundance of hybrid species among grass endophytes, and their prevalence in many host populations suggests a selective advantage of hybridization for the mutualistic endophytes. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fungai Genom Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Geobot Inst, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Schardl, CL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, 201F Plant Sci Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM schardl@uky.edu RI Leuchtmann, Adrian/I-2922-2012; Schardl, Christopher/P-5655-2014; OI Schardl, Christopher/0000-0003-2197-0842; Moon, Christina/0000-0001-9692-9559 NR 42 TC 130 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1467 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02138.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 819GJ UT WOS:000221302600010 PM 15140090 ER PT J AU Zinck, JM Duffield, DA Ormsbee, PC AF Zinck, JM Duffield, DA Ormsbee, PC TI Primers for identification and polymorphism assessment of Vespertilionid bats in the Pacific Northwest SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE 16S ribosomal subunit gene; fecal DNA; mitochondrial DNA markers; noninvasive aenetic sampling; Vespertilionidae AB Species-specific primers for portions of the mitochondrial DNA 16S ribosomal subunit gene were designed to identify bats of the family Vespertilionidae (Mammalia). Two fragments, each of 190 base pairs, were found to contain sufficient genetic variability to consistently resolve 10 of the 14 Pacific Northwest species included in this study. The remaining four species could be resolved into two sets of paired species that were unique from the other 10 species. These primers are demonstrably useful for purposes of surveys designed for species identification of bats, including using DNA extracted from guano collected from roost sites when bats are absent. C1 Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. US Forest Serv, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. RP Zinck, JM (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM zinck@pdx.edu NR 6 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00629.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 823TN UT WOS:000221636200031 ER PT J AU Richards, CM Brownson, M Mitchell, SE Kresovich, S Panella, L AF Richards, CM Brownson, M Mitchell, SE Kresovich, S Panella, L TI Polymorphic microsatellite markers for inferring diversity in wild and domesticated sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; genetic diversity; SSR ID MARITIMA AB Eight microsatellite loci were characterized within two cultivated beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) accessions and one accession of the wild progenitor of domesticated sugar beet, Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. Allele diversity was high, yielding two to 11 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values obtained for these eight loci where also high and indicate the highly informative nature of the microsatellites presented here. These described markers add to a small set of publicly available microsatellite markers for beet and will be instrumental in identifying patterns of genetic diversity and origins of domestication. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Richards, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM chris.richards@coldstate.edu RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 243 EP 245 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00630.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 823TN UT WOS:000221636200032 ER PT J AU Simko, I Haynes, KG Ewing, EE Costanzo, S Christ, BJ Jones, RW AF Simko, I Haynes, KG Ewing, EE Costanzo, S Christ, BJ Jones, RW TI Mapping genes for resistance to Verticillium albo-atrum in tetraploid and diploid potato populations using haplotype association tests and genetic linkage analysis SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE potato; haplotype; Verticillium; resistance gene; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; WILT; DAHLIAE; DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; PATHOGEN; TOMATO AB Verticillium wilt disease of potato is caused predominantly by Verticillium albo-atrum and V. dahliae. StVel - a putative QTL for resistance against V. dahliae - was previously mapped to potato chromosome 9. To develop allele-specific, SNP-based markers within the locus, the StVel fragment from a set of 30 North American potato cultivars was analyzed. Three distinct and highly diverse haplotypes can be distinguished at the StVel locus. These were detected in 97%, 33%, and 10% of the cultivars analyzed. We tested for haplotype association and for genetic linkage between the StVel haplotypes and resistance of tetraploid potato to V. albo-atrum. Moreover, field resistance was assessed in diploid populations with known molecular linkage maps in order to identify novel QTLs. Resistance QTLs against V. albo-atrum were detected on four chromosomes (2, 6, 9, and 12) at the diploid level, with one QTL on chromosome 2 contributing over 40% to the total phenotypic variation of the trait. At the tetraploid level, a significant association between the StVe1-839-C haplotype and susceptibility to the disease was detected, suggesting that resistance-related genes directed against V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae are located in the same genomic region of chromosome 9. However, on the basis of the present analysis, we cannot determine whether these genes are closely linked or if a single gene provides resistance against both Verticilliumspecies. To assess the usefulness of the StVe1-839-C haplotype for marker-assisted selection, we subjected the resistance data to Bayesian analysis, and calculated positive (0.65) and negative (0.75) predictive values, and overall predictive accuracy (0.72). Our results indicate that tagging of additional genes for resistance to Verticillium with molecular markers will be required for efficient marker-assisted selection. C1 ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM simkoi@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 271 IS 5 BP 522 EP 531 DI 10.1007/s00438-004-1010-z PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 838ZI UT WOS:000222752700002 PM 15107986 ER PT J AU Liang, D Gray, SM Kaplan, I Palukaitis, P AF Liang, D Gray, SM Kaplan, I Palukaitis, P TI Site-directed mutagenesis and generation of chimeric viruses by in yeast to facilitate an recombination it-virus interactions SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID POTATO-LEAFROLL-VIRUS; INFECTIOUS CDNA CLONE; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; PLASMID CONSTRUCTION; IN-VIVO; MOSAIC-VIRUS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; YELLOWS VIRUS; TI PLASMID; AGROINFECTION AB A yeast homologous recombination system was used to generate mutants and chimeras in the genome of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). A yeast-bacteria shuttle vector was developed that allows mutants and chimeras generated in yeast to be transformed into Escherichia coli for confirmation of the mutations and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens to facilitate agroinfection of plants by the mutant PLRV genomes. The advantages of the system include the high frequency of recovered mutants generated by yeast homologous recombination, the ability to generate over 20 mutants and chimeras using only two restriction endonuclease sites, the ability to introduce multiple additional sequences using three and four DNA fragments, and the mobilization of the same plasmid from yeast to E. coli, A. tumefaciens, and plants. The wild-type PLRV genome showed no loss of virulence after sequential propagation in yeast, E. coli, and A. tumefaciens. Moreover, many PLRV clones with mutations generated in the capsid protein and readthrough domain of the capsid protein replicated and moved throughout plants. This approach will facilitate the analysis of plant-virus interactions of in vivo-generated mutants for many plant viruses, especially those not transmissible mechanically to plants. C1 USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD3 5DA, Scotland. RP Palukaitis, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM ppaluk@scri.sari.ac.uk NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 17 IS 6 BP 571 EP 576 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.6.571 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 822KD UT WOS:000221537300001 PM 15195939 ER PT J AU Martinez, D Larrondo, LF Putnam, N Gelpke, MDS Huang, K Chapman, J Helfenbein, KG Ramaiya, P Detter, JC Larimer, F Coutinho, PM Henrissat, B Berka, R Cullen, D Rokhsar, D AF Martinez, D Larrondo, LF Putnam, N Gelpke, MDS Huang, K Chapman, J Helfenbein, KG Ramaiya, P Detter, JC Larimer, F Coutinho, PM Henrissat, B Berka, R Cullen, D Rokhsar, D TI Genome sequence of the lignocellulose degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78 SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN PEROXIDASE GENES; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; FILAMENTOUS FUNGUS; COPRINUS-CINEREUS; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; ORGANIZATION; ELEMENTS; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION AB White rot fungi efficiently degrade lignin, a complex aromatic polymer in wood that is among the most abundant natural materials on earth. These fungi use extracellular oxidative enzymes that are also able to transform related aromatic compounds found in explosive contaminants, pesticides and toxic waste. We have sequenced the 30-million base-pair genome of Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78 using a whole genome shotgun approach. The P. chrysosporium genome reveals an impressive array of genes encoding secreted oxidases, peroxidases and hydrolytic enzymes that cooperate in wood decay. Analysis of the genome data will enhance our understanding of lignocellulose degradation, a pivotal process in the global carbon cycle, and provide a framework for further development of bioprocesses for biomass utilization, organopollutant degradation and fiber bleaching. This genome provides a high quality draft sequence of a basidiomycete, a major fungal phylum that includes important plant and animal pathogens. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Santiago, Chile. Millennium Inst Fundamental & Appl Biol, Santiago, Chile. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Novozymes Biotech, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CNRS, UMR 6098, F-13402 Marseille, France. Univ Aix Marseille 1, F-13402 Marseille, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, F-13402 Marseille, France. Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu; DSRokhsar@lbl.gov RI Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008; Coutinho, Pedro/C-4473-2008; Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Larrondo, Luis/A-2916-2013; Larrondo, Luis/J-1086-2016 OI Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X; Larrondo, Luis/0000-0002-8832-7109 NR 46 TC 460 Z9 490 U1 7 U2 95 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 695 EP 700 DI 10.1038/nbt967 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 825VA UT WOS:000221785300030 PM 15122302 ER PT J AU Booker, FL Burkey, KO Overmyer, K Jones, AM AF Booker, FL Burkey, KO Overmyer, K Jones, AM TI Differential responses of G-protein Arabidopsis thaliana mutants to ozone SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; stomatal conductance; heterotrimeric G-protein; ozone; signal transduction ID HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN; INDUCED CELL-DEATH; SALICYLIC-ACID; JASMONIC ACID; ETHYLENE; STRESS; PLANTS; INSENSITIVITY; SENSITIVITY; MECHANISMS AB Ground-level ozone (O-3) curtails agricultural production in many regions worldwide. However, the etiology of O-3 toxicity remains unclear. Activated oxygen species appear to inflict biochemical lesions and propagate defense responses that compound plant injury. Because some plant defense responses involve membrane-delimited GTPases (G proteins), we evaluated the O-3 sensitivity of Arabidopsis mutants altered in the heterotrimeric G-protein pathway. Eight genotypes were treated with a range of O-3 concentrations (0, 100, 175 and 250 nmol mol(-1)) for 13 d in controlled environment chambers. After treatment with O-3, the epinasty typically observed for wild type leaves did not occur in mutant plants lacking the alpha subunit of the G-protein complex (gpal). O-3-induced suppression of leaf chlorophyll levels and leaf mass per unit leaf area were less for gpal mutants and were not due to differences in O-3 flux. There was a positive correlation between the lack of a G-protein alpha subunit and decreased O-3 sensitivity. Our results suggest that a heterotrimeric G-protein is critically involved in the expression of O-3 effects in plants. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Booker, FL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. EM fbooker@mindspring.com RI Overmyer, Kirk/C-9708-2009; OI Overmyer, Kirk/0000-0002-7398-3453 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 162 IS 3 BP 633 EP 641 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01081.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 827PS UT WOS:000221913500006 ER PT J AU Edwards, IP Cripliver, JL Gillespie, AR Johnsen, KH Scholler, M Turco, RF AF Edwards, IP Cripliver, JL Gillespie, AR Johnsen, KH Scholler, M Turco, RF TI Nitrogen availability alters macrofungal basidiomycete community structure in optimally fertilized loblolly pine forests SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Basidiomycete; loblolly pine (Pinus taeda); TRFLP; optimal nutrition; diversity; succession; Thelephora terrestris; Tylopilus ID NORWAY SPRUCE STAND; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PURE CULTURE; LITTER; IDENTIFICATION; DEPOSITION AB We investigated the effect of an optimal nutrition strategy designed to maximize loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) growth on the rank abundance structure and diversity of associated basidiomycete communities. We conducted both small- and large-scale below-ground surveys 10 years after the initiation of optimal nutrition, and used TRFLP of selectively PCR-amplified nrDNA ITS to determine the distribution and abundance of macrofungal basidiomycete species in c. 200 soil samples collected from optimally fertilized and unfertilized treatments at the SETRES loblolly pine experimental site, North Carolina, USA. Our results indicated an increased relative abundance of Tylopilus and Thelephora spp. on optimally fertilized stands. Our results also suggested improved mycelial growth of several species, possibly caused by increased connectivity in the forest floor as a result of increased plant growth. In addition, our results suggest a trend towards reduced basidiomycete diversity, and that large-scale application of optimal nutrition may need to be sensitive to increased nitrate availability. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Staatliches Museum Nat Kunde, D-76133 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terr Ecol, Grabenstr 3, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. EM ivan.edwards@env.ethz.ch RI Turco, Ronald/B-8739-2008 OI Turco, Ronald/0000-0002-1794-1486 NR 75 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 162 IS 3 BP 755 EP 770 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01074.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 827PS UT WOS:000221913500017 ER PT J AU James, SA Puttock, CF Cordell, S Adams, RP AF James, SA Puttock, CF Cordell, S Adams, RP TI Morphological and genetic variation within Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) on Hawai'i SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE RAPDs; pubescence; phenotypic plasticity; ecophysiology; metrosideros polymorpha; Myrtaceae; Hawai'i ID EVOLUTION; GRADIENTS AB The highly polymorphic taxon Metrosideros polymorpha ('ohi'a) is the most abundant endemic tree in Hawai'i, occupying a wide but fragmented range of habitats across Federal, State, and privately managed lands. Morphological character states of 342 herbarium specimens from the island of Hawai'i distributed the five recognised varieties in ordinal space, but intermediate phenotypes were prevalent. Morphological and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses were undertaken for 10 individuals at 3 sites on Hawai'i. Individuals at a high-elevation dry site and mid-elevation dry site had smaller, pubescent leaves with a higher leaf mass per area and nitrogen content than individuals at a moist mid-elevation site. While the populations were separated in ordinal space, taxonomic varieties overlapped. The high degree of overlap between the taxonomic varieties, based on genetic and morphological characteristics, does not support the current varietal subdivision of Metrosideros polymorpha on Hawai'i. C1 Bernice P Bishop Museum, Pacific Ctr Mol Biodivers, Honolulu, HI USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Hilo, HI USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP James, SA (reprint author), Bernice P Bishop Museum, Pacific Ctr Mol Biodivers, Honolulu, HI USA. EM sajames@bishopmuseum.org OI James, Shelley/0000-0003-1105-1850 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU SIR PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 399, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-825X J9 NEW ZEAL J BOT JI N. Z. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 2 BP 263 EP 270 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 840EY UT WOS:000222841200007 ER PT J AU Tollefson, JE Swanson, FJ Cissel, JH AF Tollefson, JE Swanson, FJ Cissel, JH TI Fire severity in intermittent stream drainages, western Cascade Range,Oregon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; FOREST; ENVIRONMENT; MOUNTAINS; REGIMES; OREGON AB We quantified fire severity patterns within intermittent stream drainages in a recently burned area of the central western Cascades, Oregon. Aerial photographs were used to estimate post fire live canopy cover within streamside and upland zones on the southeast and southwest-facing slopes of 33 watersheds. Live canopy cover did not differ significantly between streamside and upland zones in the watersheds. Fire severity data obtained from aerial photographs were highly correlated with fire severity data obtained in the field in six of the watersheds, confirming that aerial photograph estimates of live canopy cover reflected actual conditions on the ground. While previous studies indicate that fire severity may be lower along perennial streams, the results of this study suggest that fire severity in intense events may be similar between intermittent stream channels and adjacent upland areas. At the landscape scale, differences in fire severity along streams of different sizes may influence the mosaic of post fire vegetation and contribute to overall structural diversity in forests of mountainous landscapes. Fire regime information obtained in this and related studies may be used to guide forest management activities that are modeled after natural disturbance processes and seek to balance commodity production and ecosystem protection. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Bot, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Bur Land Management, Eugene, OR 97440 USA. RP Tollefson, JE (reprint author), Hudsonia Ltd, POB 5000, Annandale on Hudson, NY 12504 USA. EM tollefson@bard.edu NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 78 IS 3 BP 186 EP 191 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862SU UT WOS:000224512100002 ER PT J AU Hessl, AE Peterson, DL AF Hessl, AE Peterson, DL TI Interannual variability in aboveground tree growth in Stehekin River watershed, North Cascade Range, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; UNITED-STATES; CARBON SINK; MOUNTAINS; CO2; FORESTS; MODELS AB Many forests in the Pacific Northwest region of North America are both highly productive and sensitive to climate. The combination of productivity and sensitivity makes forests vulnerable to changes in future climate and most likely to feed back to the regional carbon cycle. We reconstructed basal area increment (BAI) for 20 yr using tree-ring increments and diameter to identify species-specific responses of 14 forested vegetation types in the Stehekin River watershed in the North Cascade Range, to interannual climatic variability. Mean basal area increment (MBAI) for the 20-yr period is low when the standard error is low, but as MBAI increases, the standard error (SE) is more variable. Growth at sites with both low SE and MBAI may be related to climatic variables, however, some forest types dominated by Douglas-fir and mountain hemlock are both productive and responsive to climatic variability. Many forests in the Pacific Northwest are dominated by Douglas-fir, a commercially important timber species, and as a result, may play a major role in the regional carbon balance. Douglas-fir and mountain hemlock forests in the eastern portion of the North Cascades should be carefully monitored and managed in the context of both changing climatic conditions and regional carbon budgets. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Hessl, AE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM ahessl@geo.wvu.edu NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 78 IS 3 BP 204 EP 213 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862SU UT WOS:000224512100004 ER PT J AU Inman, RM Wigglesworth, RR Inman, KH Schwartz, MK Brock, BL Rieck, JD AF Inman, RM Wigglesworth, RR Inman, KH Schwartz, MK Brock, BL Rieck, JD TI Wolverine makes extensive movements in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PATERNITY INFERENCE; GULO-GULO; MONTANA; YUKON C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Inman, RM (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, 2023 Stadium Dr,Suite 1A, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM binman@wcs.org RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 78 IS 3 BP 261 EP 266 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862SU UT WOS:000224512100010 ER PT J AU Kim, HS House, WA Miller, DD AF Kim, HS House, WA Miller, DD TI Habitual tea consumption protects against the inhibitory effects of tea on iron absorption in rats SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE iron absorption; bioavailability; tea; tannin; salivary protein; proline rich protein ID TANNINS; INDUCTION; PROTEINS; ANEMIA; GLANDS; FOODS AB The hypothesis of this study was that tea inhibits iron absorption in animals unaccustomed to tea consumption but not in animals habituated to high intakes of tea. Three diets were prepared: 1) tannin-free diet; 2) 5% tea solids (tea) diet; and 3) 5% tea solids + 6% gelatin (T/G). Gelatin was chosen as a proxy for salivary proline-rich proteins (PRP). Five groups of rats were assigned to the following treatments: 1) control (tannin-free diet throughout), 2) short-term tea (tannin-free except tea diet on day 8, 3) long-term tea (tea diet throughout), 4) short-term T/G (tannin-free except tea with gelatin diet on day 8, and 5) long-term T/G (tea with gelatin diet throughout). After 10 days of dietary treatment, iron absorption, measured using Fe-59, was 41%, 7%, 25%, 7%, and 21% for treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Rats in groups 3 and 5 showed higher PRP than control. We conclude that rats possess adaptive mechanisms for partially overcoming the inhibitory effects of tannins on iron absorption possibly by increasing secretion of PRP in saliva. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kim, HS (reprint author), Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, POB 97, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea. EM hskim1@sch.ac.kr NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 6 BP 383 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2004.03.001 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 836DL UT WOS:000222535500001 ER PT J AU Kos, CH AF Kos, CH TI Cre/loxP system for generating tissue-specific knockout mouse models SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Cre/loxP; gene knockout mice; methodology ID MICE AB Alteration of the mouse genome by conventional transgenic and gene-targeted approaches has greatly facilitated studies of gene function. However, a gene alteration expressed in the germ line may cause an embryonic lethal phenotype resulting in no viable mouse to study gene function. Similarly, a gene alteration may exert its effect in multiple different cell and tissue types, creating a complex phenotype in which it is difficult to distinguish direct function in a particular tissue from secondary effects resulting from altered gene function in other tissues. Therefore,. methods have been developed. to control conditions such as the timing, cell-type, and tissue specificity of gene activation or repression. This brief review provides an overview of the Cre/LoxP system for generating tissue-specific knockout mouse models. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kos, CH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 5 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 6 U2 33 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 62 IS 6 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1301/nr.2004.jun.243-246 PN 1 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 903OD UT WOS:000227434500002 PM 15291397 ER PT J AU Robker, RL Collins, RG Beaudet, AL Mersmann, HJ Smith, CW AF Robker, RL Collins, RG Beaudet, AL Mersmann, HJ Smith, CW TI Leukocyte migration in adipose tissue of mice null for ICAM-1 and Mac-1 adhesion receptors SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE macrophage; lymphocyte; inflammation; flow cytometry; gender ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; CELLS; OBESITY; LOCALIZATION; METABOLISM; LIPOLYSIS; ENDOTOXIN AB Objective: To determine whether the leukocyte adhesion receptors ICAM-1 and Mac-1, regulators of immune cell migration, have an intrinsic role within adipose tissue by 1) analyzing the expression of ICAM-1 in adipose tissue, 2) identifying leukocyte populations within adipose tissue, and 3) determining whether ICAM-1 and Mac-1 mutant mice exhibit abnormal numbers of adipose tissue leukocytes. Research Methods and Procedures: Wild-type, ICAM(-/-), and Mac-1(-/-) mice were fed a long-term high-fat diet. ICAM-1 expression was analyzed by Northern blot and immunohistochemistry. Leukocytes within adipose tissue were identified by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results: ICAM-1 was expressed in adipose tissue and localized to the vascular endothelium. Macrophages and lymphocytes were prevalent within the stromal-vascular cell fraction of adipose tissue, and gender-specific differences were observed, with adipose tissue from female mice containing significantly more macrophages than tissue from male mice. Numbers of leukocytes in ICAM-1(-/-) and Mac-1(-/-) mice were not different from wild-types, however, indicating that these adhesion receptors are not required for leukocyte migration into adipose tissue. Discussion: Our results documented leukocyte populations within adipose tissue, which may be involved in the development of heightened inflammation that is characteristic of obesity. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Leukocyte Biol, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Smith, CW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Leukocyte Biol, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM cwsmith@bcm.tmc.edu OI Robker, Rebecca/0000-0002-1538-4604 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI32177]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK60381, DK07664] NR 19 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 6 BP 936 EP 940 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.114 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 836HZ UT WOS:000222547800008 PM 15229332 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, JA TI Carbon dioxide effects on stomatal responses to the environment and water use by crops under field conditions SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; USE EFFICIENCY; ENRICHMENT FACE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; WINTER-WHEAT; CONDUCTANCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; GRASSLAND AB Reductions in leaf stomatal conductance with rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) could reduce water use by vegetation and potentially alter climate. Crop plants have among the largest reductions in stomatal conductance at elevated [CO2]. The relative reduction in stomatal conductance caused by a given increase in [CO2] is often not constant within a day nor between days, but may vary considerably with light, temperature and humidity. Species also differ in response, with a doubling of [CO2] reducing mean midday conductances by <15% in some crop species to >50% in others. Elevated [CO2] increases leaf area index throughout the growing season in some species. Simulations, and measurements in free air carbon dioxide enrichment systems both indicate that the relatively large reductions in stomatal conductance in crops would translate into reductions of <10% in evapotranspiration, partly because of increases in temperature and decreases in humidity in the air around crop leaves. The reduction in evapotranspiration in crops is similar to that in other types of vegetation which have smaller relative reductions in stomatal conductance, because of the poorer aerodynamic coupling of the canopy to the atmosphere in crops. The small decreases in evapotranspiration at elevated [CO2] may themselves be important to crop production in dry environments, but changes in climate and microclimate caused by reduced stomatal conductance could also be important to crop production. C1 ARS, ACSL Plant Sci Inst B001, USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), ARS, ACSL Plant Sci Inst B001, USDA, Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM buncej@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 74 Z9 82 U1 8 U2 38 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 2004 VL 140 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/s00442-003-1401-6 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 826SZ UT WOS:000221850300001 PM 14557864 ER PT J AU Morgan, JA Pataki, DE Korner, C Clark, H Del Grosso, SJ Grunzweig, JM Knapp, AK Mosier, AR Newton, PCD Niklaus, PA Nippert, JB Nowak, RS Parton, WJ Polley, HW Shaw, MR AF Morgan, JA Pataki, DE Korner, C Clark, H Del Grosso, SJ Grunzweig, JM Knapp, AK Mosier, AR Newton, PCD Niklaus, PA Nippert, JB Nowak, RS Parton, WJ Polley, HW Shaw, MR TI Water relations in grassland and desert ecosystems exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE biomass; carbon dioxide enrichment; landscape predictions; soil water; stomata ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; ALTERS SPECIES COMPOSITION; PASCOPYRUM-SMITHII C-3; BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS C-4; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; CALCAREOUS GRASSLAND; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL-MOISTURE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES AB Atmospheric CO2 enrichment may stimulate plant growth directly through (1) enhanced photosynthesis or indirectly, through (2) reduced plant water consumption and hence slower soil moisture depletion, or the combination of both. Herein we describe gas exchange, plant biomass and species responses of five native or semi-native temperate and Mediterranean grasslands and three semi-arid systems to CO2 enrichment, with an emphasis on water relations. Increasing CO2 led to decreased leaf conductance for water vapor, improved plant water status, altered seasonal evapotranspiration dynamics, and in most cases, periodic increases in soil water content. The extent, timing and duration of these responses varied among ecosystems, species and years. Across the grasslands of the Kansas tallgrass prairie, Colorado shortgrass steppe and Swiss calcareous grassland, increases in aboveground biomass from CO2 enrichment were relatively greater in dry years. In contrast, CO2-induced aboveground biomass increases in the Texas C-3/C-4 grassland and the New Zealand pasture seemed little or only marginally influenced by yearly variation in soil water, while plant growth in the Mojave Desert was stimulated by CO2 in a relatively wet year. Mediterranean grasslands sometimes failed to respond to CO2-related increased late-season water, whereas semiarid Negev grassland assemblages profited. Vegetative and reproductive responses to CO2 were highly varied among species and ecosystems, and did not generally follow any predictable pattern in regard to functional groups. Results suggest that the indirect effects of CO2 on plant and soil water relations may contribute substantially to experimentally induced CO2-effects, and also reflect local humidity conditions. For landscape scale predictions, this analysis calls for a clear distinction between biomass responses due to direct CO2 effects on photosynthesis and those indirect CO2 effects via soil moisture as documented here. C1 ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Bot, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. AgRes, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept NERS, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Nature Conservancy, Calif Chapter, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Morgan, JA (reprint author), ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Jack.Morgan@ars.usda.gov RI Niklaus, Pascal/G-5786-2010; Pataki, Diane/F-9732-2011; Knapp, Alan/A-2931-2008; Korner, Christian/B-6592-2014 OI Niklaus, Pascal/0000-0002-2360-1357; NR 110 TC 237 Z9 253 U1 13 U2 142 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 2004 VL 140 IS 1 BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1550-2 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 826SZ UT WOS:000221850300002 PM 15156395 ER PT J AU Sherman, DE Barras, AE AF Sherman, DE Barras, AE TI Efficacy of a laser device for hazing Canada geese from urban areas of northeast Ohio SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Complaints about Canada geese in Ohio have increased nearly 400% in the past decade, with 732 recorded in 2001. Harassment techniques such as pyrotechnics and mylar flagging have been used to reduce goose conflicts but are frequently ineffective, and initial experiments indicated that laser harassment may disperse Canada geese. We evaluated whether lasers could cause geese to abandon urban sites, the duration of site abandonment, and dispersal distance of harassed geese. one hundred ninety geese were banded and collared in June 2001 at 6 sites in northeast Ohio. Radio transmitters were attached to 40 collars. We conducted nocturnal laser harassment of geese in four 5-day periods from July 2001 through January 2002 at 3 treatment sites. No harassment occurred at 3 control sites. One-day surveys of collared geese were conducted 2 weeks prior to the 5-day hazing period, during the hazing period, and 2 weeks post-hazing. Geese were located through radio telemetry using air- and ground-based receivers during all 3 time periods. Laser harassment caused geese to leave the site after a mean of 4.6 (SE = 0.8) minutes of treatment. Over the 5-day treatment period, the mean number of geese observed at night decreased from 92 to 14; however, we found no differences between numbers of geese observed 2 weeks prior to initial harassment and those observed post-harassment. Telemetry indicated that geese moved <2.0 km from all but one banding site. Laser harassment was more effective in reducing goose numbers at night rather than reducing numbers during the day. Site characteristics such as ambient lighting, human disturbance, and size of pond appeared to be the primary factors determining the laser's effectiveness. C1 Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Crane Crek Wildlife Res Stn, Oak Harbor, OH 43449 USA. Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Sherman, DE (reprint author), Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Crane Crek Wildlife Res Stn, 13229 W State Route 2, Oak Harbor, OH 43449 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE PI COLUMBUS PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 USA SN 0030-0950 J9 OHIO J SCI JI Ohio J. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 104 IS 3 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 852ZH UT WOS:000223795000001 ER PT J AU Cepek, JD AF Cepek, JD TI Diet composition of coyotes in the Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CANIS-LATRANS; FOOD-HABITS; ALBERTA; FOREST; TEXAS AB The diet and food habits of coyotes (Canis latrans) in Ohio's Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CVNP) were examined by analyzing 50 scat samples collected during coyote population surveys between February 1998-March 1999. The Cuyahoga Valley National Park, a 13,770-hectare public-use park surrounded by residential communities, is located between Cleveland and Akron, OH. The park had over 3 million visitors in 1999, and is suffering from the pressures of increased urbanization in surrounding areas. Coyotes were first documented in the CVNP during the 1980s, and since then public interactions with coyotes have increased. The coyote is the top predator in the CVNP, yet little is known about its diet in this area. Meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) was the predominant food item found in 28% of scats collected. Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) occurred in 20% of scats. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) was found in 18% of scats. Also identified were beetle (Coleoptera), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), grasshopper (Caelifera), woodpecker (Picoides sp.), seeds (Panicum sp.), and nuts (Fagus grandifolia) in coyote diet. It is important to note that though white-tailed deer occurred frequently in coyote diet, further investigation indicates that they are mainly scavenged as carrion. C1 Cleveland State Univ, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. RP Cepek, JD (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Plum Brook Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 29 PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE PI COLUMBUS PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 USA SN 0030-0950 J9 OHIO J SCI JI Ohio J. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 104 IS 3 BP 60 EP 64 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 852ZH UT WOS:000223795000004 ER PT J AU Kakani, VG Reddy, KR Zhao, D Gao, W AF Kakani, VG Reddy, KR Zhao, D Gao, W TI Senescence and hyperspectral reflectance of cotton leaves exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation and carbon dioxide SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; LEAF SENESCENCE; UV-B; BRASSICA-NAPUS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC DECLINE; GROWTH; RESPONSES; ARABIDOPSIS; MAIZE; WATER AB The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of UV-B radiation and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) on leaf senescence of cotton by measuring leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll content and to identify changes in leaf hyperspectral reflectance occurring due to senescence and UV-B radiation. Plants were grown in controlled-environment growth chambers at two [CO2] (360 and 720 mumol mol(-1)) and three levels of UV-B radiation (0, 7.7 and 15.1 kJ m(-2) day(-1)). Photosynthesis, chlorophyll, carotenoids and phenolic compounds along with leaf hyperspectral reflectance were measured on three leaves aged 12, 21 and 30 days in each of the treatments. No interaction was detected between [CO2] and UV-B for any of the measured parameters. Significant interactions were observed between UV-B and leaf age for photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. Elevated [CO2] enhanced leaf photosynthesis by 32%. On exposure to 0, 7.7 and 15.1 kJ of UV-B, the photosynthetic rates of 30-day-old leaves compared with 12-day-old leaves were reduced by 52, 76 and 86%, respectively. Chlorophyll pigments were not affected by leaf age at UV-B radiation of 0 and 7.7 kJ, but UV-B of 15.1 kJ reduced the chlorophylls by 20, 60 and 80% in 12, 21 and 30-day-old leaves, respectively. The hyperspectral reflectance between 726 and 1142 nm showed interaction for UV-B radiation and leaf age. In cotton, leaf photosynthesis can be used as an indicator of leaf senescence, as it is more sensitive than photosynthetic pigments on exposure to UV-B radiation. This study revealed that, cotton leaves senesced early on exposure to UV-B radiation as indicated by leaf photosynthesis, and leaf hyperspectral reflectance can be used to detect changes caused by UV-B and leaf ageing. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kakani, VG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM vgk3@ra.msstate.edu RI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 57 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 121 IS 2 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00314.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 821DB UT WOS:000221439000010 ER PT J AU Wong, JH Cal, N Balmer, Y Tanaka, CK Vensel, WH Hurkman, WJ Buchanan, BB AF Wong, JH Cal, N Balmer, Y Tanaka, CK Vensel, WH Hurkman, WJ Buchanan, BB TI Thioredoxin targets of developing wheat seeds identified by complementary proteomic approaches SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; wheat; disulfide proteins; disulfide proteome; monobromobimane; proteomics; thioredoxin; wheat endosperm; wheat flour ID SULFHYDRYL-DISULFIDE CHANGES; STARCHY ENDOSPERM; STORAGE PROTEINS; PLANT THIOREDOXINS; REDOX CHANGES; GRAIN; REDUCTASE; SYSTEM; BARLEY; GERMINATION AB The role of thioredoxin in wheat starchy endosperm was investigated utilizing two proteomic approaches. Thioredoxin targets were isolated from total KCl-soluble extracts of endosperm and flour and separated by 2-DE following (1) reduction of the extract by the NADP/thioredoxin system and labeling the newly generated sulfhydryl (SH) groups with monobromobimane (mBBr), and, in parallel, (2) trapping covalently interacting proteins on an affinity column prepared with mutant thioredoxin h in which one of the active site cysteines was replaced by serine. The two procedures were complementary: of the total targets, one-third were observed with both procedures and one-third were unique to each. Altogether 68 potential targets were identified; almost all containing conserved cysteines. In addition to confirming known interacting proteins, we identified 40 potential thioredoxin targets not previously described in seeds. A comparison of the results obtained with young endosperm (isolated 10 days after flowering) to those with mature endosperm (isolated 36 days after flowering) revealed a unique set of proteins functional in processes characteristic of each developmental stage. Flour contained 36 thioredoxin targets, most of which have been found in the isolated developing endosperm. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Buchanan, BB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM view@nature.berkeley.edu OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 45 TC 96 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUN PY 2004 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1629 EP 1640 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.05.010 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 848AW UT WOS:000223440400015 PM 15276458 ER PT J AU Anikster, Y Szabo, LJ Eilam, T Manisterski, J Koike, ST Bushnell, WR AF Anikster, Y Szabo, LJ Eilam, T Manisterski, J Koike, ST Bushnell, WR TI Morphology, life cycle biology, and DNA sequence analysis of rust fungi on garlic and chives from California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemicyclic; infection structure ID LEAF RUST; POPULATIONS; LILIACEAE; SPORES; GRASS; HOSTS AB In the late 1990s, commercial garlic fields in California (CA) were devastated by an outbreak of rust caused by Puccinia allii. We compared collections of the pathogen from garlic (Allium sativum) and chives (A. schoenoprasum) in central CA and Oregon (OR) to collections front garlic and leek (A. porrum and A. ampeloprasum) in the Middle East. Teliospores from the CA and OR collections were smaller in length, width, and projected cross-sectional area compared with collections from the Middle East. CA and OR collections had a shortened life cycle, in which pyenia and aecia were not formed. Germinating teliospores produced a two-celled promycelium, resulting in two basidiospores, each initially with two nuclei, indicating that this rust was homothallic. In addition, the morphology of the substomatal vesicles was different between the CA-OR (fusiform) and the Middle Eastern (bulbous) collections. DNA sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region showed that the CA and OR rust collections formed a well-supported cluster distinct from the Middle Eastern and European samples. These results suggest that the rust on garlic and chives in CA and OR is a different species than the rust fun.-LIS on garlic and leek in the Middle East. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Bot, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Inst Cereal Crops Improvement, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Szabo, LJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, 1551 Linding St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM lszabo@umn.edu NR 42 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 569 EP 577 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.6.569 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 823XY UT WOS:000221648900004 PM 18943481 ER PT J AU Martin, FN Tooley, PW Blomquist, C AF Martin, FN Tooley, PW Blomquist, C TI Molecular detection of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death in california, and two additional species commonly recovered from diseased plant material SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial DNA ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PYTHIUM-SYLVATICUM; SP-NOV.; NICOTIANAE; INFESTANS; PCR; DNA; PSEUDOSYRINGAE; IDENTIFICATION AB Sudden oak death is a disease currently devastating forest ecosystems in several coastal areas of California. The pathogen causing this is Phytoplithora ramorum, although species Such as P nemorosa and P pselidosyringae often are recovered from symptomatic plants as well. A molecular marker system was developed based on mitochondrial sequences of the coxI and II genes for detection of Phytophthora spp. in general, and P ramorum, P nemorosa, and P pseudosyringae in particular. The first-round multiplex amplification contained two primer pairs, one for amplification of plant sequences to serve as an internal control to ensure that extracted DNA was of sufficient quality to allow for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and the other specific for amplification of sequences from Phytoplithora spp. The plant primers amplified the desired amplicon size in the 29 plant species tested and did not interfere with amplification by the Phytoplithora genus-specific primer pair. Using DNA from purified cultures, the Phytophthora genus-specific primer pair amplified a fragment diagnostic for the genus from all 45 Phytophthora spp. evaluated, although the efficiency of amplification was lower for P. lateralis and P sojae than for the other species. The genus-specific primer pair did not amplify sequences from the 30 Pythium spp. tested or from 29 plant species, although occasional faint bands were observed for several additional plant species. With the exception of one plant species, the resulting amplicons were smaller than the Phytophthora genus-specific amplicon. The products of the first-round amplification were diluted and amplified with primer pairs nested within the genus-specific amplicon that were specific for either P. ramorum, P. nemorosa, or P pseudosyringae. These species-specific primers amplified the target sequence from all isolates of the pathogens under evaluatiom for P. ramorum, this included 24 isolates from California, Germany, and the Netherlands. Using purified pathogen DNA, the limit of detection for P. ramorum using this marker system was approximate to2.0 fg of total DNA. However, when this DNA was spiked with DNA from healthy plant tissue extracted with a commercial miniprep procedure, the sensitivity of detection was reduced by 100- to 1,000-fold, depending oil the plant species. This marker system was validated with DNA extracted from naturally infected plant samples collected front the field by comparing the sequence of the Phytophthora genus-specific amplicon, morphological identification of cultures recovered from the same lesions and, for P. ramorum, amplification with a previously published rDNA internal transcribed spacer species-specific printer pair. Results were compared and validated with three different brands of thermal cyclers in two different laboratories to provide information about how the described PCR assay performs under different laboratory conditions. The specificity of the phytophthora genus-specific primers suggests that they will have utility for pathogen detection in other Phytophthora pathosystems. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Branch, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM fmartin@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 73 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 621 EP 631 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.6.621 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 823XY UT WOS:000221648900010 PM 18943487 ER PT J AU Kosman, E Pardes, E Anikster, Y Manisterski, J Ben Yehuda, P Szabo, LJ Sharon, A AF Kosman, E Pardes, E Anikster, Y Manisterski, J Ben Yehuda, P Szabo, LJ Sharon, A TI Genetic variation and virulence on Lr26 in Puccinia triticina SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kosman index; rust virulence genes ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; WESTERN-EUROPE; RECONDITA; WHEAT; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; MARKERS; ISRAEL AB The genetic relationships between isolates of Puccinia triticina virulent on wheat with the Lr26 resistance gene were Studied. The diversity within and between isolates of P triticina from Israel, Europe, and the United States was determined by virulence on near-isogenic Thatcher lines and by random amplified polymorphic DNA. According to the molecular markers, isolates that were virulent on Lr26 had diversity levels similar to those of Lr26 nonpathogenic isolates. Distances between subpopulations of isolates virulent and avirulent on Lr26 varied and were unrelated to the Lr26 virulence phenotype. Cluster analysis suggested four groups, three of which were closely associated with the geographical origin of the isolates-Israel, the United States, and Europe. All four groups included both Lr26 virulent and avirulent pathotypes. The results showed that Lr26 virulent rust pathotypes are as genetically dissimilar as the rest of the population. The cluster analysis showed that the rust population in Israel includes at least two different subpopulations, both of which contain Lr26 virulent and Lr26 avirulent isolates. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Inst Cereal Crops Improvement, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Plant Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sharon, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Inst Cereal Crops Improvement, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM amirsh@tauex.tau.ac.il NR 31 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 632 EP 640 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.6.632 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 823XY UT WOS:000221648900011 PM 18943488 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Shier, WT Cartwright, RD AF Abbas, H. K. Shier, W. T. Cartwright, R. D. TI Effect of heat stress on aflatoxin and fumonisin production in corn (maize, Zea mays) in Arkansas SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Abbas, H. K.] USDA ARS, CG&PRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shier, W. T.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Cartwright, R. D.] Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S1 EP S1 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500005 ER PT J AU Abril, M Curry, KJ Wedge, DE Smith, BJ AF Abril, M. Curry, K. J. Wedge, D. E. Smith, B. J. TI Development of standardized techniques for screening natural product fungicides SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Abril, M.; Curry, K. J.] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Smith, B. J.] USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. [Wedge, D. E.] USDA ARS, University, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S167 EP S167 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993501494 ER PT J AU Abril, M Curry, KJ Wedge, DE AF Abril, M. Curry, K. J. Wedge, D. E. TI Effects of FD141 and its analogs on the germination and morphology of selected plant pathogenic fungi SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Abril, M.; Curry, K. J.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Wedge, D. E.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S143 EP S143 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993501338 ER PT J AU Adhikari, TB Balaji, B Breeden, J Crane, CF Anderson, JM Goodwin, SB AF Adhikari, T. B. Balaji, B. Breeden, J. Crane, C. F. Anderson, J. M. Goodwin, S. B. TI Real-time PCR analysis of genes expressed during wheat-Mycosphaerella graminicola interactions SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Adhikari, T. B.; Breeden, J.; Crane, C. F.; Anderson, J. M.; Goodwin, S. B.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Balaji, B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S2 EP S3 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500013 ER PT J AU Adhikari, TB Balaji, B Breeden, J Anderson, JM Goodwin, SB AF Adhikari, T. B. Balaji, B. Breeden, J. Anderson, J. M. Goodwin, S. B. TI Quantification of Mycosphaerella graminicola in wheat by real-time PCR SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Adhikari, T. B.; Breeden, J.; Anderson, J. M.; Goodwin, S. B.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Balaji, B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S2 EP S2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500012 ER PT J AU Aebig, JA Kamo, K Hsu, HT AF Aebig, J. A. Kamo, K. Hsu, H. T. TI Biolistic inoculation of gladiolus with Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Aebig, J. A.; Kamo, K.; Hsu, H. T.] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S3 EP S3 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500015 ER PT J AU Agarkova, I Riley, IT Alderman, S Ocamb, CM Vidaver, AK Schaad, NW AF Agarkova, I. Riley, I. T. Alderman, S. Ocamb, C. M. Vidaver, A. K. Schaad, N. W. TI Identification of Rathayibacter rathayi in Oregon and Maryland SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Agarkova, I.; Riley, I. T.; Vidaver, A. K.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. [Riley, I. T.] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Ocamb, C. M.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schaad, N. W.] USDA ARS, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S85 EP S86 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500581 ER PT J AU Allen, J Kamenova, I Adkins, S Hanson, SF AF Allen, J. Kamenova, I. Adkins, S. Hanson, S. F. TI Detection of hibiscus latent Fort Pierce virus in New Mexico SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Allen, J.; Hanson, S. F.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Kamenova, I.; Adkins, S.] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500022 ER PT J AU Allendemolar, R Landa, BB Weller, DM AF Allendemolar, R. Landa, B. B. Weller, D. M. TI Long-term survival of different genotypes of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens in soil SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Landa, B. B.] Univ Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. [Weller, D. M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Landa, Blanca/K-9629-2014 OI Landa, Blanca/0000-0002-9511-3731 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500023 ER PT J AU Ariss, JJ Rhodes, LH Sulc, RM Lamb, JFS AF Ariss, J. J. Rhodes, L. H. Sulc, R. M. Lamb, J. F. S. TI Relationship of disease resistance and stand persistence in alfalfa cultivars from the 1940's to the 1990's SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ariss, J. J.; Rhodes, L. H.; Sulc, R. M.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lamb, J. F. S.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN USA. RI Sulc, Reuben/N-3710-2016 OI Sulc, Reuben/0000-0003-2616-3492 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500030 ER PT J AU Assis, FM Stavisky, J Reitz, SR Deom, CM Sherwood, JL AF Assis Filho, F. M. Stavisky, J. Reitz, S. R. Deom, C. M. Sherwood, J. L. TI Vector incompetence of Frankliniella tritici is not associated with a barrier to midgut infection by Tomato spotted wilt virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Assis Filho, F. M.] AGDIA Inc, NYS Integrated Pest Management Program, Elkhart, IN 46514 USA. [Stavisky, J.] NYSAES, Ctr Biol Control, Geneva, NY USA. [Reitz, S. R.] USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Deom, C. M.; Sherwood, J. L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500031 ER PT J AU Backus, EA Joost, PH Yan, F Shugart, H AF Backus, E. A. Joost, P. H. Yan, F. Shugart, H. TI Specific stylet activities by sharpshooters are involved in inoculation of Xylella fastidiosa SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Backus, E. A.; Shugart, H.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. [Joost, P. H.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Yan, F.] Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S6 EP S6 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500034 ER PT J AU Balaji, B Thompson, N Anderson, JM AF Balaji, B. Thompson, N. Anderson, J. M. TI Real-time quantitative PCR of wheatgrass-specific markers to confirm alien translocations and BYDV/CYDV resistance in wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Balaji, B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Thompson, N.; Anderson, J. M.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Thompson, Nicole/E-3505-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S6 EP S6 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500036 ER PT J AU Baliji, S Black, MC French, R Stenger, DC Sunter, G AF Baliji, S. Black, M. C. French, R. Stenger, D. C. Sunter, G. TI Spinach curly top virus: A new Curtovirus species revealing a history of recombination among curtoviruses SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baliji, S.; Sunter, G.] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [French, R.; Stenger, D. C.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Black, M. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Uvalde, TX 78802 USA. RI Sunter, Garry/F-5472-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S6 EP S6 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500037 ER PT J AU Bankhead, SB Brown, A Son, MY Thomashow, LS Weller, DM AF Bankhead, S. Blouin Brown, A. Son, M. Y. Thomashow, L. S. Weller, D. M. TI Population dynamics and non-target effects of transgenic Pseudomonas fluorescens in the rhizosphere of wheat and pea SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bankhead, S. Blouin; Brown, A.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Son, M. Y.; Thomashow, L. S.; Weller, D. M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500053 ER PT J AU Barak, J AF Barak, J. TI Biofilms and other strategies exploited by salmonella and friends on plants SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barak, J.] USDA ARS, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S128 EP S128 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993501242 ER PT J AU Barnes, CW Szabo, LJ Nguyen, KP AF Barnes, C. W. Szabo, L. J. Nguyen, K. -P. TI Detection of four rust pathogens of cereals and grasses using real-time PCR SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barnes, C. W.; Szabo, L. J.; Nguyen, K. -P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S6 EP S7 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500040 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K AF Baumgartner, K. TI Cultural control of Armillaria root disease of grape SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baumgartner, K.] USDA ARS, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S7 EP S7 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500042 ER PT J AU Berland, PA Thies, JA Fery, RL AF Berland, P. A. Thies, J. A. Fery, R. L. TI Evaluation of cowpea germplasm for seedling resistance to Rhizoctonia solani SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Berland, P. A.; Thies, J. A.; Fery, R. L.] USDA ARS, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500047 ER PT J AU Bewick, TA AF Bewick, T. A. TI Funding opportunities for integrated projects specific to organic agriculture SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bewick, T. A.] USDA, CSREES, PAS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S137 EP S137 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993501300 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, A AF Bhagwat, A. TI Infective dose of enteric pathogens: Influence of post harvest processing and storage practices SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bhagwat, A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S128 EP S128 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993501245 ER PT J AU Biswas, KK Manjunath, KL Marais, LJ Lee, RF AF Biswas, K. K. Manjunath, K. L. Marais, L. J. Lee, R. F. TI Single aphids transmit multiple genotypes of citrus tristeza virus, but often with changed population dynamics SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Biswas, K. K.; Manjunath, K. L.; Marais, L. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lee, R. F.] USDA ARS, NCGRCD, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500050 ER PT J AU Block, CC AF Block, C. C. TI Development of wild Helianthus annuus populations with multiple disease resistance. SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Reg Plant Introduct Sect, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500051 ER PT J AU Blodgett, JT Lundquist, JE AF Blodgett, J. T. Lundquist, J. E. TI Forest fires influence the abundance of Armillaria root disease in ponderosa pine SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blodgett, J. T.] USDA, Forest Serv, Rapid City, SD USA. [Lundquist, J. E.] USDA, Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500052 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Parker, PE Gottwald, TR AF Bock, C. H. Parker, P. E. Gottwald, T. R. TI The effect of wind speed on dispersal of bacteria from canker-infected citrus trees SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bock, C. H.; Gottwald, T. R.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Parker, P. E.] USDA, APHIS, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S9 EP S9 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500055 ER PT J AU Bock, H Thrall, PH Burdon, JJ AF Bock, H. Thrall, P. H. Burdon, J. J. TI Effects of Alternaria brassiciola infection on the reproductive fitness of the littoral ruderals Cakile maritima and C edentula in SE Australia SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bock, H.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Thrall, P. H.; Burdon, J. J.] CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S9 EP S9 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500056 ER PT J AU Brandl, M AF Brandl, M. TI Fitness of Salmonella enterica in the phyllosphere SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brandl, M.] USDA ARS, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S128 EP S128 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993501243 ER PT J AU Brewer, MT Larkin, RP AF Brewer, M. T. Larkin, R. P. TI Effects of microbial antagonists and a ryegrass rotation on Rhizoctonia disease of potato SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brewer, M. T.; Larkin, R. P.] Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S163 EP S163 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993501474 ER PT J AU Brlansky, RH Roy, A Damsteegt, VD AF Brlansky, R. H. Roy, A. Damsteegt, V. D. TI Aphid transmission of stem pitting Citrus tristeza virus from mixed virus infections SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brlansky, R. H.; Roy, A.] Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Damsteegt, V. D.] ARS, USDA, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S10 EP S10 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500067 ER PT J AU Brown, LG AF Brown, L. G. TI The USDA Regulated Plant Pest List: A transparent window to pests of regulatory significance SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500072 ER PT J AU Brown, RL Chen, ZY Cleveland, TE AF Brown, R. L. Chen, Z. -Y. Cleveland, T. E. TI The role of kernel water relations in resistance to aflatoxin production in corn SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brown, R. L.; Cleveland, T. E.] USDA ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA USA. [Chen, Z. -Y.] Louisiana State Univ, Ag Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500073 ER PT J AU Browne, GT Schneider, SM Trout, TJ AF Browne, G. T. Schneider, S. M. Trout, T. J. TI Effects of pre-plant fallow and crop rotations on severity of Prunus replant disease SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Browne, G. T.] Univ Calif, USDA ARS, Davis, CA USA. [Schneider, S. M.; Trout, T. J.] USDA ARS, WMRL, Parlier, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S11 EP S12 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500074 ER PT J AU Bruckart, WL Luster, DG Woods, D AF Bruckart, W. L. Luster, D. G. Woods, D. TI Status of Puccinia jaceae in 2004 for biological control of yellow starthistle in California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bruckart, W. L.; Luster, D. G.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Woods, D.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S12 EP S12 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993500075 ER PT J AU Bruckart, WL AF Bruckart, W. L., III TI Puccinia lagenophorae: Invasive or beneficial? SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bruckart, W. L., III] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S142 EP S142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44HJ UT WOS:000202993501332 ER EF