FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Timper, P Newton, GL Johnson, AW Gascho, GJ AF Timper, P Newton, GL Johnson, AW Gascho, GJ TI Nematode densities in year-round forage production systems utilizing manure fertilization SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE Bermudagrass; corn; cropping system; manure; nematode suppression; plant-parasitic nematodes; Zea mays ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; PRATYLENCHUS-SCRIBNERI; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; CHICKEN LITTER; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS; POTATO AB Application of dairy manure to forage crops is a viable means of recycling nutrients and minimizing problems with manure storage. The objective of this study was to determine whether forage cropping system or frequent application of liquid dairy manure affected populations of plant-parasitic nematodes. Two forage systems were evaluated: the CBR system was a rotation of temperate corn (Zea mays L.), coastal bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], and a mixture of rye (Secale cereale L.) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.); and the CCR system was a rotation of temperate corn, tropical corn, and a mixture of rye and crimson clover. Application of liquid manure at 14-day intervals with irrigation water was compared to application of inorganic fertilizer based on crop recommendations. The soil was naturally infested with Helicotylenchus sp., Mesocriconema sp., Paratrichodorus sp., and Pratylenchus spp. Densities of Mesocriconema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp. tended to be greater in CBR plots than in CCR plots, while the reverse was observed for Pratylenchus spp. Densities of Paratrichodoras sp. and Pralylenchus spp. were consistently lower in the manure treatment than in the fertilizer treatment. When averaged across years, numbers per 150 cm(3) of soil in manure vs. fertilizer were 79 vs. 159 for Pratylenchus spp. and 8 vs. 16 for Paratrichodorus sp. The other plant-parasitic nematodes were unaffected or inconsistently affected by nutrient source. Additional research is needed to determine the mechanism of nematode suppression when liquid dairy manure is applied regularly to the crop. If ammonia accumulation is involved, then soil type and pH will be important factors in determining the efficacy of the treatment. C1 ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Dept Anim & Dairy, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 2 BP 219 EP 227 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 944MP UT WOS:000230433400009 ER PT J AU Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB Rice, JM Humenik, FJ Hunt, PG AF Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB Rice, JM Humenik, FJ Hunt, PG TI Nitrification options for pig wastewater treatment SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE animal wastewater; ammonia removal; nitrification; nitrifiers; hogs; swine; pigs; piggery ID SWINE WASTE; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; EMISSIONS; WETLANDS AB Nitrification is a necessary and often limiting process in animal waste treatment for removal of nitrogen as N-2 through biological nitrification/denitrification systems. We evaluated three technologies for enhancing nitrification of pig lagoon wastewater prior to denitrification: overland flow, trickling filter, and a bioreactor using nitrifying pellets. The overland flow system consisted of a 4 x 20-m plot with 2% slope with a subsurface impermeable barrier receiving a total N loading rate of 64-99 kg N ha(-1) day(-1). Total N removal efficiency ranged from 36 to 42%, and 7% of the total N application was recovered in the effluent as nitrate. The trickling filter consisted of a 1-m(3) tank filled with marl gravel media which supported a nitrifying biofilm. Lagoon wastewater was applied as a fine spray on the surface at hydraulic loading rates of 684 litres m(-3) day(-1) and total N loading rates of 249 g m(-3) day(-1). The media filter treatment transformed up to 57% of the inflow total N into nitrate when wastewater was supplemented with lime. The nitrifying pellets technology used acclimated nitrifying cells immobilised in 3-5 mm polymer pellets. Pig wastewater was treated in an aerated fluidised reactor unit with a 15% (w/v) pellet concentration. Nitrification efficiencies of more than 90% were obtained in continuous flow treatment using total N loading rates of 438 g N m(-3) day(-1) and hydraulic residence time of 12 h. Two conclusions are suggested from this research: (1) that substantial nitrification of pig lagoon wastewater can be attained particularly using aerobic treatments with enriched nitrifying populations, and (2) that large mass removal of N from pig wastewater may be possible by sequencing nitrification and denitrification unit processes. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, CALS, Anim Waste Management Programs, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Szogi, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM szogi@florence.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU SIR PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 399, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8233 J9 NEW ZEAL J AGR RES JI N. Z. J. Agric. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 439 EP 448 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 894JI UT WOS:000226786900006 ER PT J AU Sharpley, A Kleinman, P Weld, J AF Sharpley, A Kleinman, P Weld, J TI Assessment of best management practices to minimise the runoff of manure-borne phosphorus in the United States SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; leaching; non-point source pollution; risk assessment; soil conservation; surface runoff; watersheds ID POULTRY LITTER; SEDIMENT PHOSPHORUS; MILK-PRODUCTION; SURFACE WATERS; SWINE MANURE; FESCUE PLOTS; SOIL; EXCRETION; NITROGEN; LOSSES AB Phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient in crop and livestock agriculture, can cause and accelerate freshwater eutrophication. Intensification of farming systems has resulted in local accumulations of P in some agricultural watersheds with related increases in P runoff. In most cases, continual land application of manure at rates exceeding crop P removal is the proximate cause of P runoff. To mitigate associated water quality impairments, P-based agricultural best management practices (BMPs) are now becoming a part of farm nutrient planning. This planning involves the selection, timing, and implementation of source and transport BMPs at field, farm, and watershed scales. Source measures include balancing P imports and exports, improved livestock feed management, chemical and physical treatment of manures, appropriate rate, method, and timing of land application based upon regular soil and manure testing, adequate manure storage and transport infrastructure, and composting. Transport measures aim to reduce runoff and erosion via practices such as conservation tillage, contour ploughing, and vegetative filter strips. To be effective, these measures must be carefully selected and targeted to areas at greatest risk to P loss. This vulnerability can be identified and ranked by P indices, which account for source and transport factors controlling P loss. We demonstrate that the P Index can provide flexible yet reliable manure management and provide farmers with options to minimise the risk of P loss from several farms in Pennsylvania, United States. Overall, a comprehensive and holistic approach to manure management can decrease P transfers from land to water. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sharpley, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Andrew.Sharpley@ars.usda.gov NR 76 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 27 PU SIR PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 399, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8233 J9 NEW ZEAL J AGR RES JI N. Z. J. Agric. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 461 EP 477 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 894JI UT WOS:000226786900008 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JP Dey, DC Walter, WD Jensen, RG AF Dwyer, JP Dey, DC Walter, WD Jensen, RG TI Harvest impacts in uneven-aged and even-aged Missouri ozark forests SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE harvesting impacts; logging damage; bole wounds; crown damage; tree damage; even- and uneven-aged harvest impacts AB Forest managers are concerned about the potential damage to residual frees and site from cyclic harvest re-entries into the same forest stand. This study summarizes logging and felling damage resulting from the harvesting of silvicultural treatments on a large landscape experiment in southern Missouri that is designed to compare impacts of even-aged. uneven-aged and no management on a wide array of ecosystem components. Although damage levels to bole and crown of leave trees was low for all treatments, the individual tree selection (uneven-aged) treatment did show: (1) higher levels of surface area skidder impact; (2) higher percentage of leave trees with one or more bole wounds: (3) higher number of bole wounds; (4) higher percentage of wounded trees in the dominant and co-dominant crown classes: and (5) the highest percentage of leave trees impacted by logging activity. Preharvest planning that involves the layout and discussion with the skidder operator(s) will reduce the area impacted by skidding to less than 12%. Also, the probability of a bole wound to a residual tree can be reduced to less than 5% if skid trails are kept 30 ft or more from the leave tree. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Res Forester, Ellington, MO 63638 USA. RP Dwyer, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203 I Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM dwyerj@missouri.edu NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 187 EP 193 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 880OM UT WOS:000225799100003 ER PT J AU Luppold, W McWilliams, WH AF Luppold, W McWilliams, WH TI Avoiding spurious conclusions from forest service estimates of timber volume, growth, removal, and mortality SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest inventory; forest sustainability; sampling error; data analysis AB Forest inventory statistics developed by the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) units are useful in examining a variety of economic and biological issues, including forest-industry plant location, biological supplies of specific timber species, forest health, and long-term sustainability of timber resources. In general, these statistics accurately represent the resource, especially at the inventory-unit and state levels. However, several issues related to data collection must be understood to prevent spurious conclusions, especially when examining forest change characteristics such as removals, mortality, net growth, or the growth-removal ratio. Because FIA statistics are developed by sampling procedures, they are subject to sampling error. As the size of the forest area under study decreases, the number of observations used to develop FIA statistics decreases. The number of observations used to calculate FIA statistics can be particularly inadequate when examining net growth, removals, mortality, and growth-removal ratios of specific species for geographical areas smaller than inventory units. C1 NE Res Stn, Forest Serv, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NE Res Stn, Forest Serv, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Luppold, W (reprint author), NE Res Stn, Forest Serv, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. EM wluppold@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 194 EP 199 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 880OM UT WOS:000225799100004 ER PT J AU Seo, JS Yang, KM Kim, JM Min, HS Kim, CS Burri, BJ AF Seo, JS Yang, KM Kim, JM Min, HS Kim, CS Burri, BJ TI Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on plasma lipid, vitamins A, and E in Korean alcoholics SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alcoholics; Koreans; lipid; antioxidants; retinol; alpha-tocopherol ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; RETINOL METABOLISM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RISK-FACTORS; LIVER; ETHANOL; WOMEN; DEHYDROGENASE; LIPOPROTEINS; CHOLESTEROL AB This human study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on plasma concentrations of lipid and the antioxidative system in 44 Korean alcoholics and 45 age-, set-, and nationality-matched nonalcoholic subjects. Plasma triacylglycerols and atherogenic index were higher in alcoholics than in control subjects. Plasma total cholesterol was not different among groups, but plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in alcoholics. There were positive correlation between ethanol consumption and plasma lipid peroxide and atherogenic index in all subjects; there were negative correlations between ethanol consumption and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in all subjects. There were no significant differences between alcoholics and control subjects in plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, although plasma alpha-tocopherol/lipid tended to be lower in alcoholics. Plasma retinol was lower in alcoholics. These results suggest that chronic ethanol consumption can contribute to increased risk for vascular diseases in Korean alcoholics. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Yeungnam Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. Daegu Hanny Univ, Dept Cooking & Nutr, Gyongsan 712715, South Korea. Daegu Sci Coll, Dept Food & Nutr, Taegu 702723, South Korea. Hannam Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Taejon 306791, South Korea. Daegu Mental Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Taegu 711830, South Korea. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Seo, JS (reprint author), Yeungnam Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. EM jsseo@yu.ac.kr NR 37 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 12 BP 959 EP 968 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2004.09.003 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 888HO UT WOS:000226365000001 ER PT J AU Seo, JS Lee, KS Jang, JH Quan, ZJ Yang, KM Burri, BJ AF Seo, JS Lee, KS Jang, JH Quan, ZJ Yang, KM Burri, BJ TI The effect of dietary supplementation of beta-carotene on lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE beta-carotene; triglyceride; diabetes; cholesterol; bile acid ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION; SERUM CAROTENOIDS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; VITAMIN-A; MELLITUS; EXCRETION; BIOSYNTHESIS; DYSFUNCTION AB Vascular complications such as atherosclerosis hinder the treatment of diabetes. We hypothesized that moderate supplementation with beta-carotene might help prevent diabetic vascular complications through its impact on lipid metabolism. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-76 control diet, or the same diet supplemented with beta-carotene (7.2 mg/kg diet) for 3 weeks, then diabetes was induced in half of the rats by streptozotocin. Diabetic and normal rats were fed the experimental diets for 2 more weeks. beta-Carotene did not reduce blood glucose. in diabetic rats. Plasma triglycerides were increased by diabetes. but reduced by beta-carotene. Plasma total cholesterol was increased by diabetes. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ between groups. However, the atherogenic index of diabetic rats was higher than that of control rats, and beta-carotene feeding decreased it. Fecal excretion of cholesterol and coprostanone was decreased by diabetes, and beta-carotene tended to increase this excretion. Fecal excretion of bile acid showed similar tendencies, as did neutral steroids. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with beta-carotene may reduce plasma triglycerides and other indices of diabetic risk, and thus may decrease the incidence of diabetic vascular complications through the normalization of lipid metabolism in patients with diabetes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Yeungnam Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. Daegu Hanny Univ, Dept Cooking & Nutr, Gyongsan 712715, South Korea. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Seo, JS (reprint author), Yeungnam Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. EM jsseo@yu.ac.kr NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1011 EP 1021 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2004.09.001 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 888HO UT WOS:000226365000006 ER PT J AU Radak, TL AF Radak, TL TI Caloric restriction and calcium's effect on bone metabolism and body composition in overweight and obese premenopausal women SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE weight loss; caloric restriction; calcium; bone mineral density ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; WEIGHT-CYCLING HISTORY; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; HEALTH-CARE COSTS; MINERAL DENSITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DIETARY CALCIUM; HIP FRACTURE; BREAST-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS AB Obesity results in numerous preventable deaths and comorbidities. Unfortunately, a reduction of body weight has been correlated with a reduction in bone mass, the reasons for which have not been fully elucidated. The importance of maximizing peak bone mass during premenopausal years is well known. Most studies demonstrate a positive relationship between calcium intake and bone mass. However, during caloric restriction, which is commonly used for weight loss, calcium intake has shown mixed results. Calcium from dairy sources has received additional attention, beyond its importance to bone, for its role in regulating body weight and composition. Dairy foods are perceived as high fat, and therefore, are generally minimized or avoided during caloric restriction. The current calcium intake for premenopausal women is significantly below recommendations, and even if met during caloric restriction, may not be adequate. This review underscores the need for maintaining at least adequate intake levels of calcium, if not more, during weight loss regimens to minimize potential long-term detrimental effects on bone metabolism. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Radak, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Surge 4,Room 213,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tradak@whnrc.usda.gov NR 164 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 62 IS 12 BP 468 EP 481 DI 10.1301/nr.2004.dec.468-481 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 903OR UT WOS:000227435900002 PM 15648822 ER PT J AU Hawthorne, KM Abrams, SA AF Hawthorne, KM Abrams, SA TI Safety and efficacy of human milk fortification for very-low-birth-weight infants SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE human milk; fortification; minerals; prematurity ID BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; PREMATURE-INFANTS; PRETERM INFANTS; BREAST-MILK; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; CALCIUM; MOTHERS; BIOAVAILABILITY; PHOSPHORUS; FORMULA AB For full-term infants in the first 6 months of life, exclusive breastfeeding remains the nutritional standard for calcium intake. However, unsupplemented human milk does not meet the nutritional,requirements for growth of the very-low-birth-weight (< 1500 g) infant. Methods for human milk fortification have been evaluated, and recent studies have demonstrated the safety of these fortifiers. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hawthorne, KM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St,4008-D, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kelih@bcm.tmc.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 62 IS 12 BP 482 EP 485 DI 10.1301/nr.2004.dec.482-489 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 903OR UT WOS:000227435900003 PM 15648823 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB AF Stephensen, CB TI Fish oil and inflammatory disease: Is asthma the next target for n-3 fatty acid supplements? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-RISK; ATOPY; INFANTS AB Eating fish or taking n-3 fatty acid supplements can decrease the risk and severity of cardiovascular disease. Such supplements also provide symptomatic relief for rheumatoid arthritis patients. Recent research suggests that asthma, another highly prevalent, chronic inflammatory disease, may also respond to fish oil supplements. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, WHNRC, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, WHNRC, Dept Nutr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cstephen@whnrc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 62 IS 12 BP 486 EP 489 DI 10.1301/nr.2004.000-000 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 903OR UT WOS:000227435900004 PM 15648824 ER PT J AU Seamans, TW AF Seamans, TW TI Response of roosting turkey vultures to a vulture effigy SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Increasing populations of turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) and black vultures (Coragyps atratus) cause concerns for human health and safety in areas where large roosting concentrations occur. Dead bird effigies are one proposed method of dispersing roosting vultures. In 1999 and 2000, tests were conducted using a supine and hanging turkey vulture effigy (a taxidermy mount) to disperse a vulture roost in a tower in northern Ohio. In all tests, fewer (P less than or equal to 0.04) vultures were observed in the roost during the treatment period when compared to the pretreatment period. In tests ending in fall migration the posttreatment period differed (P < 0.01) from the pretreatment period. In tests ending in summer the pre- and posttreatment periods did not differ (P > 0.23). Vulture effigies are promising tools that may be used as part of integrated programs to disperse vultures from problem roosting sites. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Seamans, TW (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE PI COLUMBUS PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 USA SN 0030-0950 J9 OHIO J SCI JI Ohio J. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 104 IS 5 BP 136 EP 138 PG 3 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 897IT UT WOS:000226998000005 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S Turcani, M Patoeka, J Liebhold, AM AF Raimondo, S Turcani, M Patoeka, J Liebhold, AM TI Interspecific synchrony among foliage-feeding forest Lepidoptera species and the potential role of generalist predators as synchronizing agents SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID MICROTINE POPULATION-CYCLES; NOMADIC AVIAN PREDATORS; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; GEOGRAPHICAL SYNCHRONY; APPARENT COMPETITION; FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE; INSECT POPULATIONS; PREY COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS AB While synchrony among geographically disjunct populations of the same species has received considerable recent attention, much less is known about synchrony between sympatric populations of two or more species. We analyzed time series of the abundance of ten species of spring foliage feeding Lepidoptera sampled over a 25-year period at 20 sites in the Slovak Republic. Six species were free-feeders and four were leaf-rollers as larvae. Twenty-nine percent of interspecific pairs were significantly synchronous and correlations were highest among species exhibiting similar feeding strategies. Similar patterns of interspecific synchrony have been previously demonstrated in several other taxa, and the synchronizing effects of weather and/or specialist predators have been proposed as mechanisms. As an alternative explanation, we explored a model in which two species within the same feeding guild were synchronized by the functional response of generalist predators. In this model, species remained unsynchronized in the complete absence of predation or when predatory pressures were applied to only one species. Pairs of prey species projecting relatively similar search images to predators were more highly synchronized than species with relatively different search images. Prey handling time only influenced synchrony when it was very high relative to the total time prey was exposed to predators. Our model's prediction of greater synchrony among species that project similar search images to predators was in agreement with our field study that showed greater synchrony among species sharing similar larval feeding strategies and morphologies. C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Fores Res Inst, Res Stn Banska Stiavnica, SK-96923 Banska, Stiavnica, Slovakia. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Forest Ecol, Zvolen 96053, Slovakia. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM raimondo.sandy@epa.gov RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 55 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD DEC PY 2004 VL 107 IS 3 BP 462 EP 470 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13449.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 873FZ UT WOS:000225266600002 ER PT J AU Allen, ML Christensen, BM AF Allen, ML Christensen, BM TI Flight muscle-specific expression of act88F: GFP in transgenic Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera : Culicidae) SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Culex quinquefasciatus; mosquito; filariasis; actin; Hermes; germ-line transformation; green fluorescent protein (GFP) ID YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; GERM-LINE TRANSFORMATION; DROSOPHILA ACTIN GENES; AEDES-AEGYPTI; HERMES ELEMENT; PROTEIN; ISOFORMS AB A strategy to engineer a strain of Culex mosquitoes refractory to filarial transmission is described. A requirement for success of the strategy is identification of a flight muscle-specific promoter that functions in the mosquito. A GFP marker gene under the control of the promoter region of the Drosophila melanogaster act88F gene was inserted into the genome of Culex quinquefasciatus. Transformation was confirmed by Mendelian genetics. Hybridization of a genomic Southern blot to a radiolabeled probe verified that the entire donor plasmid integrated into the mosquito genome. GFP expression in the transgenic mosquitoes was restricted to the flight muscles. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Hlth & Biomed Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Allen, ML (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, MLIRU, 305 Plant Ind Bldg, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM mallen2@unl.edu OI Allen, Margaret/0000-0002-4758-1290 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 53 IS 4 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2004.04.002 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 865OE UT WOS:000224711600005 PM 15464440 ER PT J AU Desaeger, JAJ Eger, JE Csinos, AS Gilreath, JP Olson, SM Webster, TM AF Desaeger, JAJ Eger, JE Csinos, AS Gilreath, JP Olson, SM Webster, TM TI Movement and biological activity of drip-applied 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin in raised mulched beds in the southeastern USA SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 1,3-D; chloropicrin; drip fumigation; polyethylene mulched beds; nutsedge; nematodes ID METHYL-BROMIDE; ALTERNATIVE FUMIGANTS; SOIL; IRRIGATION; INJECTION; TOMATO AB Movement and biological activity of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin applied through drip irrigation in raised beds was investigated at three locations in the southeastern USA. Tests were conducted in fields with dense populations of nutsedge (Cyperus spp), with one location also having a high level of soil nematodes, both of which served as biological indicators of the distribution of effective concentrations of 1,3-D and chloropicrin. Objectives were (1) to gain a better understanding of 1,3-D and chloropicrin movement and the extent of biological activity outside of the wetted bed area, and (2) to examine the effect of application rate, application concentration and subsequent irrigation events on movement and activity of 1,3-D and chloropicrin. InLine(R), an emulsifiable concentrate containing 60.8% w/w 1,3-D and 33.3% w/w chloropicrin, was injected into polyethylene mulched beds through the drip tubes and water movement in the beds was visualized by adding a blue dye to the injection system. Gas concentrations of 1,3-D and chloropicrin in soil were measured using Gastec(R) detection tubes at different positions relative to the drip tube at 1-4 days after InLine application. After one week, mulch was removed and nutsedge survival evaluated at different positions in the bed. High concentrations of 1,3-D and chloropicrin were measured at the bed center and midway between the bed center and the shoulder, but concentrations were low at the bed shoulder. Width of nutsedge control was significantly greater than width of water movement. Plant-parasitic nematodes were controlled over the entire bed width, but nutsedge re-emerged at the bed shoulders regardless of treatment. Higher application rates and concentrations of 1,3-D + chloropicrin resulted in higher fumigant concentrations in soil air. Irrigations subsequent to application reduced soil air concentrations of 1,3-D and chloropicrin and increased water movement, as did the use of two drip tubes instead of one. The data show that the pesticidal activity of 1,3-D + chloropicrin extends beyond the waterfront and indicate a significant degree of fumigant activity of emulsifiable 1,3-D + chloropicrin. However, unlike plant-parasitic nematodes, nutsedge could not be controlled over the entire bed width, regardless of rate, concentration and volume of water applied. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Dow AgroSci, Tampa, FL 33629 USA. Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Desaeger, JAJ (reprint author), POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM jdesaeger@tifton.uga.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 60 IS 12 BP 1220 EP 1230 DI 10.1002/ps.950 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 876DB UT WOS:000225475000009 PM 15578603 ER PT J AU Webster, TM Hanna, WW Mullinix, BG AF Webster, TM Hanna, WW Mullinix, BG TI Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp) dose-response relationships with clethodim, glufosinate and glyphosate SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bermudagrass; clethodim; Cynodon; dose response study; glufosinate; glyphosate; triploid interspecific hybrid bermudagrass ID ALS-INHIBITING HERBICIDES; PEANUT ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES; COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; DACTYLON CONTROL; METHYL-BROMIDE; RESISTANCE; SUNFLOWER; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS AB Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of three commercial cultivars, eight experimental cultivars and common bermudagrass to clethodim, glufosinate and glyphosate. Each herbicide was applied at eight doses. Data were regressed on herbicide dose using a log-logistic curve (R-2 = 0.56-0.95 for clethodim, R-2 = 0.60-0.94 for glufosinate, and R-2 = 0.70-0.96 for glyphosate). The herbicide rate that elicited a 50% plant response (150) in the bermudagrass cultivars ranged from 0.04 to 0.19kg ha(-1) clethodim, 0.19 to 1.33kg ha(-1) glufosinate and 0.34 to 1.14 kg ha(-1) glyphosate. Relative to other cultivars, common bermudagrass was intermediate in its response to clethodim and among the most tolerant cultivars to glufosinate and glyphosate. TifSport was relatively tolerant to clethodim and glufosinate compared with other cultivars, but relatively sensitive to glyphosate. One cultivar, 94-437, was consistently among the most sensitive cultivars to each of the herbicides. While there were differential herbicide tolerances among the tested bermudagrass cultivars, there did not appear to be any naturally occurring herbicide resistance that could be commercially utilized. However, research indicated that breeding efforts should target herbicide resistance that is at least four times the registered use rate. Also, TifSport and Tifway have been identified as suitable representatives of triploid hybrid bermudagrass cultivars to be used to evaluate the success of turfgrass renovation programs. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Breeding & Genet Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Webster, TM (reprint author), POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Twebster@tifton.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 60 IS 12 BP 1237 EP 1244 DI 10.1002/ps.934 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 876DB UT WOS:000225475000011 PM 15578605 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME Crafts-Brandner, SJ AF Salvucci, ME Crafts-Brandner, SJ TI Mechanism for deactivation of Rubisco under moderate heat stress SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; OXYGENASE ACTIVATION; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ARABIDOPSIS LEAVES; LEAF TEMPERATURE; LIGHT-ACTIVATION; PIMA COTTON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SENSITIVITY AB Photosynthesis is particularly sensitive to direct inhibition by heat stress. This inhibition is closely associated with the inactivation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). To develop a more complete understanding of the mechanism of inactivation of Rubisco under moderate heat stress, various aspects of the process were examined both in vivo and in vitro. Experiments with isolated Rubisco revealed that the rate of synthesis of the catalytic misfire product, xylulose-1,5-bisphosphate, increased with temperature. Activated Rubisco, produced by reaction with activase at a control temperature of 25degreesC or by incubation with high CO2, deactivated when the temperature of the reaction exceeded temperatures that were equivalent to the optimum for activase adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. Measurements of the activation state of Rubisco in cotton and tobacco leaves showed that Rubisco inactivated within 7 s of imposing a heat stress. Thus, elevated temperature had an opposite effect on the two processes that ultimately determine the activation state of Rubisco, decreasing activase activity but stimulating the catalytic misfire reaction that inactivates Rubisco. These data support a mechanism for the inactivation of Rubisco at high temperature involving an inability of activase to overcome the inherently faster rates of Rubisco inactivation. That the net effect of elevated temperatures on Rubisco activation is similar both in vivo and under controlled conditions in vitro argues for a direct effect of temperature on the activation of Rubisco by activase and against the proposal that the deactivation of Rubisco under moderate heat stress is a secondary consequence of perturbations in the thylakoid membrane. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM msalvucci@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 33 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 122 IS 4 BP 513 EP 519 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00419.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 874OI UT WOS:000225359300013 ER PT J AU Funnell, DL Lawrence, CB Pedersen, JF Schardl, CL AF Funnell, DL Lawrence, CB Pedersen, JF Schardl, CL TI Expression of the tobacco beta-1,3-glucanase gene, PR-2d, following induction of SAR with Peronospora tabacina SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta 1,3-glucanase; downy mildew; immunity; oomycete; Nicotiana tabacum; pathogenesis-related protein; Peronospora tabacina; salicylic acid; systemic acquired resistance; tobacco blue mold ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; SALICYLIC-ACID; BLUE MOLD; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; DEFENSE RESPONSES; ABSCISIC-ACID; CELL-GROWTH AB Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is induced following inoculation of Peronospora tabacina sporangia into the stems of Nicotiana tabactum plants highly susceptible to the pathogen. Previous results have shown that accumulation of acidic beta-1,3-glucanases (PR-2's) following induction of SAR by P. tabacina may contribute to resistance to P. tabacina. We showed that up-regulation of the PR-2 gene, PR-2d, following stem inoculation with P. tabacina, is associated with SAR. Studies using plants transformed with GUS constructs containing the full length promoter from PR-2d or promoter deletions, provided evidence that a previously characterized regulatory element that is involved in response to salicylic acid (SA), may be involved in regulation of PR-2d following induction of SAR with P. tabacina. This work provides evidence that regulation of PR-2 genes during P. tabacina-induced SAR may be similar to regulation of these genes during infection of N-gene tobacco by TMV or following exogenous application of SA, and provides further support for the role of SA in regulation of genes during P. tabacina-induced SAR. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Funnell, DL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dfunnell@unlserve.unl.edu RI Schardl, Christopher/P-5655-2014 OI Schardl, Christopher/0000-0003-2197-0842 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 65 IS 6 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2005.02.010 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 944ON UT WOS:000230438600004 ER PT J AU Temple, TN Stockwell, VO Loper, JE Johnson, KB AF Temple, TN Stockwell, VO Loper, JE Johnson, KB TI Bioavailability of iron to Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 on flowers of pear and apple SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIRE BLIGHT; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; SIDEROPHORES; RHIZOSPHERE; BLOSSOMS; BACTERIA; PLANTS; AVAILABILITY; COLONIZATION; STIGMA AB The addition of 0.1 mM FeCl3 to a defined Culture medium induces the bacterial epiphyte Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 (A506) to produce an antibiotic toxic to the fire blight pathogen, Erwinia amylovora. Consequently, because A506 is registered and applied as a commercial product to suppress E. amylovora before floral infection of pear and apple, the relative availability of iron to A506 on surfaces of pear and apple flowers is of potential significance. An 'iron biosensor' construct of A506 was developed by transformation with an iron-regulated promoter (pvd) fused to a promoterless ice nucleation reporter gene (inaZ). This construct, A506 (pvd-inaZ), established high populations on pear and apple flowers, ranging from 10(4) to 10(6) CFU/flower. In seven trials on pear and apple trees, A506 (pvd-inaZ) expressed high ice nucleation activity (INA) on flowers, indicating limited iron bioavailability or a low-iron environment unlikely to induce antibiotic production by A506. A506 (pvd-inaZ) also colonized flowers when mixed with chemicals containing iron: FeSO4 or the iron chelates ferric ethylenediaminedi-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (FeEDDHA) and ferric diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (FeDTPA). These compounds represent an array of commercial iron formulations applied to foliage to avert iron chlorosis. Treatment of flowers with a mixture of A506 (pvd-inaZ) and 3 mM FeEDDHA or FeDTPA significantly decreased INA compared with flowers treated with A506 (pvd-inaZ) in water. Lower concentrations (0.3 mM) of FeEDDHA, however, did not consistently suppress INA. These results indicate that apple and pear flowers represent an iron-limited environment to A506 and that treatment with 3 mM FeEDDHA is needed to increase significantly the level of iron available to this bacterium. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Stockwell, VO (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM stockwev@science.oregonstate.edu NR 30 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2004 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1286 EP 1294 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.12.1286 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 874LF UT WOS:000225351200002 PM 18943698 ER PT J AU Dallot, S Gottwald, T Labonne, G Quiot, JB AF Dallot, S Gottwald, T Labonne, G Quiot, JB TI Factors affecting the spread of Plum pox virus strain M in peach orchards subjected to roguing in France SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease eradication; survival analysis; virus epidemiology ID BUNCHY TOP DISEASE; SOUR CHERRY STRAIN; PATTERN-ANALYSIS; POTYVIRUS; EXISTENCE; EPIDEMICS; APRICOT; MODELS AB We evaluated the impact of roguing on the spread and persistence of the aggressive Plum pox virus strain M (PPV-M) in 19 peach orchard blocks in Southern France. During a 7- to 10-year period, orchards were visually inspected for PPV symptoms, and symptomatic trees were removed every year. Disease incidence was low in all orchards at disease discovery and was <1% in 16 of the 19 orchard blocks. The spread of Sharka disease was limited in all 19 blocks, with an annual disease incidence between 2 and 6%. However, new symptomatic trees were continuously detected, even after 7 to 10 years of uninterrupted control measures. An extended Cox model was developed to evaluate to what extent tree location, orchard characteristics, environment, and disease status within the vicinity influenced the risk of infection through time. Eleven variables with potential effect on tree survival (i.e., maintenance of a tree in a disease-free status through time) were selected from survey data and databases created using a geographical information system. Area of the orchard, density of planting, distance of a tree from the edge of the orchard block sharing a boundary with another diseased orchard, and distance to the nearest previously detected symptomatic tree had a significant effect on the risk for a tree to become infected through time. The combined results of this study suggest that new PPV-M infections within orchards subjected to roguing resulted from exogenous sources of inoculum, disease development of latent infected trees, as well as infected trees overlooked within the orchards during visual surveys. A revision of the survey and the roguing procedures used for more effective removal of potential sources of inoculum within the orchards and in the vicinity of the orchards would improve disease control suppression of PPV. C1 INRA, UMR BGPI, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Dallot, S (reprint author), INRA, UMR BGPI, CIRAD TA 41-K,Campus Int Baillarguet, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. EM dallot@ensam.inra.fr NR 44 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2004 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1390 EP 1398 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.12.1390 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 874LF UT WOS:000225351200015 PM 18943711 ER PT J AU Malinowski, DP Zuo, H Belesky, DP Alloush, GA AF Malinowski, DP Zuo, H Belesky, DP Alloush, GA TI Evidence for copper binding by extracellular root exudates of tall fescue but not perennial ryegrass infected with Neotyphodium spp. endophytes SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE copper; Festuca arundinacea; Lolium perenne; Neotyphodium; novel endophytes ID LOLIUM-PERENNE; COENOPHIALUM-ENDOPHYTE; PHOSPHORUS; TOLERANCE; IONS; IRON; MOBILIZATION; RESVERATROL; FLAVONOIDS; QUACKGRASS AB Infection of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with its endemic Neotyphodium coenophialum-endophyte (Morgan-Jones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin appears to reduce copper (Cu) concentrations in forage and serum of grazing animals, contributing to a range of immune-related disorders. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to identify effects of novel endophyte strains on Cu acquisition by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) varieties Grasslands Flecha and Jesup infected with a novel, non ergot producing endophyte strain AR542, and two perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties A-ties and Quartet infected with a novel, non lolitrem B producing strain AR1, and their noninfected (E-) forms. Individual endophyte/grass associations were cultivated in nutrient solutions at 1.0 (P+) and 0.0 mM (P-) phosphorus concentrations. The Cu2+-binding activity of extracellular root exudates, and concentrations of Cu and other heavy metals in roots and shoots were measured. Extracellular root exudates of AR542-infected vs. E-tall fescue had higher Cu2+-binding activity only in P-nutrient solution as shown by lower concentration of free Cu2+ (0.096 vs. 0.188 mmol Cu2+ g(-1) root DM. respectively). The Cu2+-binding activity by root exudates of perennial ryegrass was not affected by endophyte infection, but was higher (i.e., lower concentration of free Cu2+) in P- vs. P+ nutrient solution (0.068 vs. 0.114 mmol Cu2+ g(-1) root DM). In this hydroponic experiment, Cu concentrations in shoots of both grasses were not a function Cu2+-binding activity and endophyte effects on heavy metal concentrations in shoots and roots were specific for each variety. The Cu2+-binding activity of extracellular root exudates may affect Cu accumulation by field-grown. endophyte-infected tall fescue under P-limiting growth conditions and warrants verification by more specific methods. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Tishreen Univ, Dept Soil Sci & Plant Nutr, Latakia, Syria. RP Malinowski, DP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, POB 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. EM d-malinowski@tamu.edu NR 52 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 2004 VL 267 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-2575-y PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 889LM UT WOS:000226444500001 ER PT J AU Benjamin, JG Nielsen, DC AF Benjamin, JG Nielsen, DC TI A method to separate plant roots from soil and analyze root surface area SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE chickpea; elutriation; pea; root surface area; soil management ID DESK-TOP SCANNER; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; CORE SAMPLES; LENGTH; SOFTWARE; DIAMETER; QUANTIFICATION AB Analysis of the effects of soil management practices on crop production requires knowledge of these effects on plant roots. Much time is required to wash plant roots from soil and separate the living plant roots from organic debris and previous years roots. We developed a root washer that can accommodate relatively large soil samples for washing. The root washer has a rotary design and will accommodate up to 24 samples (100 mm diam. by 240 mm long) at one time. We used a flat-bed scanner to digitize an image of the roots from each sample and used a grid system with commercially-available image analysis software to analyze each sample for root surface area. Sensitivity analysis and subsequent comparisons of 'dirty' samples containing the roots and all the organic debris contained in the sample and 'clean' samples where the organic debris was manually removed from each sample showed that up to 15% of the projected image could be covered with debris without affecting accuracy and precision of root surface area measurements. Samples containing a large amount of debris may need to be partitioned into more than one scanning tray to allow accurate measurements of the root surface area. Sample processing Lime was reduced from 20 h. when hand separation of roots from debris was used. to about 0.5 h, when analyzing the image from an uncleaned sample. The method minimizes the need for preprocessing steps such as dying the roots to get better image contrast for image analysis. Some information, such as root length. root diameter classes and root weights, is not obtained when using, this technique. Root length measurements. if needed. could be made by hand on the digital images. Root weight measurement would require sample cleaning and the advantage Of less processing time per sample with this method would be lost. The significance of the tradeoff between infortnafion not obtained using this technique and the ability to process greater number of samples with the time and personnel resources available must be determined by the individual researcher and research objectives. C1 ARS, USDA, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Benjamin, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM Joseph.Benjamin@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 2004 VL 267 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-4887-3 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 889LM UT WOS:000226444500020 ER PT J AU Zhong, RQ Burk, DH Morrison, WH Ye, ZH AF Zhong, RQ Burk, DH Morrison, WH Ye, ZH TI FRAGILE FIBER3, an Arabidopsis gene encoding a type II inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase, is required for secondary wall synthesis and actin organization in fiber cells SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 4,5-BISPHOSPHATE; ABSCISIC-ACID; WD-REPEAT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; COMMON PATHWAY; DOMAIN; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; 1-PHOSPHATASE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Type II inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5PTases) in yeast and animals have been known to regulate the level of phosphoinositides and thereby influence various cellular activities, such as vesicle trafficking and actin organization. In plants, little is known about the phosphatases involved in hydrolysis of phosphoinositides, and roles of type 11 5PTases in plant cellular functions have not yet been characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that the FRAGILE FIBER3 (FRA3) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, which encodes a type II 5PTase, plays an essential role in the secondary wall synthesis in fiber cells and xylem vessels. The fra3 mutations caused a dramatic reduction in secondary wall thickness and a concomitant decrease in stem strength. These phenotypes were associated with an alteration in actin organization in fiber cells. Consistent with the defective fiber and vessel phenotypes, the FRA3 gene was found to be highly expressed in fiber cells and vascular tissues in stems. The FRA3 protein is composed of two domains, an N-terminal localized WD-repeat domain and a C-terminal localized 5PTase catalytic domain. In vitro activity assay demonstrated that recombinant FRA3 exhibited phosphatase activity toward PtdIns(4,5)P-2, PtdIns(3,4,5)P-3, and Ins(1,4,5)P-3, with the highest substrate affinity toward PtdIns(4,5)P-2. The fra3 missense mutation, which caused an amino acid substitution in the conserved motif II of the 5PTase catalytic domain, completely abolished the FRA3 phosphatase activity. Moreover, the endogenous levels of PtdIns(4,5)(2) and Ins(1,4,5)P-3 were found to be elevated in fra3 stems. Together, our findings suggest that the FRA3 type II 5PTase is involved in phosphoinositide metabolism and influences secondary wall synthesis and actin organization. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@plantbio.uga.edu RI Burk, David/D-2056-2009 NR 40 TC 62 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 2004 VL 16 IS 12 BP 3242 EP 3259 DI 10.1105/tpc.104.027466 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 880HX UT WOS:000225780700007 PM 15539468 ER PT J AU Nishijima, KA Alvarez, AM Hepperly, PR Shintaku, MH Keith, LM Sato, DM Bushe, BC Armstrong, JW Zee, FT AF Nishijima, KA Alvarez, AM Hepperly, PR Shintaku, MH Keith, LM Sato, DM Bushe, BC Armstrong, JW Zee, FT TI Association of Enterobacter cloacae with rhizome rot of edible ginger in Hawaii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE bacterial wilt; Enterobacteriaceae; extracellular polysaccharide (EPS); modified atmosphere packaging; Ralstonia solanacearum ID DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; GROWTH; CORN AB Edible ginger is a popular spice crop that is grown in Hawaii primarily for the fresh market, and as such, rhizome quality is of paramount importance. In our studies, a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium was consistently isolated from decayed as well as symptomless ginger rhizomes. The bacterium was identified as Enterobacter cloacae by biochemical assays and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Rot symptoms, which usually occurred in the central cylinder of the rhizome, were characterized by yellowish-brown to brown discolored tissue and firm to spongy texture. In inoculation experiments, ginger strains of E. cloacae produced basal stein and root rot, with foliar chlorosis and necrosis in tissue-cultured ginger plantlets, and discolored and spongy tissue in mature ginger rhizome slices and whole segments. In other hosts, ginger strains of E. cloacae caused internal yellowing of ripe papaya fruit and internal rot of onion bulbs. All strains that caused symptoms in inoculated plants were reisolated and identified as E. cloacae. Our studies suggest that E. cloacae can exist as an endophyte of ginger rhizomes, and under conditions that are favorable for bacterial growth, or host susceptibility, including maturity of tissues, rhizome rot may occur. Rhizome quality may be impacted by the presence of E. cloacae under conditions such as high temperature, high relative humidity, and low oxygen atmosphere that may affect the development of decay, and such conditions should be avoided during post-harvest handling and storage. The association of E. cloacoe with a rhizome rot of ginger is a new finding. C1 USDA ARS, PBARC, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Coll Agr Forestry & Nat Res Management, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Cooperat Extens Serv, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Nishijima, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, PBARC, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM knishijima@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1318 EP 1327 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.12.1318 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 874KY UT WOS:000225350500004 ER PT J AU Li, RH Salih, S Hurtt, S AF Li, RH Salih, S Hurtt, S TI Detection of geminiviruses in sweetpotato by polymerase chain reaction SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE begomoviruses; DNA extraction; Ipomoea leaf curl virus; Ipomoea yellow vein virus; malate dehydrogenase ID WHITEFLY-TRANSMITTED GEMINIVIRUSES; DEGENERATE PRIMERS; EXTRACTS; VIRUSES AB Geminivirus infection of sweetpotato (Ipomoea spp.) germplasm acquired from foreign regions is common. Graft inoculation of the indicator host, Ipomoea setosa, is the accepted detection method for these viruses, but the assay is laborious and requires up to 8 weeks. When infected sweetpotato is subjected to meristem tip culture to eliminate these viruses, the eradication rate is low. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection assay was developed for the detection of geminiviruses in a variety of sweetpotato cultivars. Different methods were evaluated to extract nucleic acids suitable for PCR from Ipomoea spp., and a reliable and simple extraction method was developed for large-scale sample preparation. PCR products of the expected sizes were amplified from infected plants using degenerate and virus-specific primers, but not from noninoculated indicator plants. PCR assays using three primer pairs detected nine uncharacterized isolates of the geminiviruses in sweetpotato from Asia and America. However, the best PCR result was obtained with degenerate primers SPG1/SPG2, which detected a Taiwan isolate of Sweet potato leaf curt virus (SPLCV-Taiwan) in a sample diluted to 10(-9). Viral identities of three amplicons from SPLCV-Taiwan were confirmed by sequencing. The degenerate primers had a broader detection range than virus-specific primers; therefore, they were used to detect geminiviruses in in vitro plantlets and greenhouse-grown sweetpotato plants, and in several Ipomoea hosts. PCR was shown to be as reliable for virus detection as grafting. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Off, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Off, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pgqorl@ars-grin.gov NR 21 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1347 EP 1351 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.12.1347 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 874KY UT WOS:000225350500008 ER PT J AU Jaime-Garcia, R Cotty, PJ AF Jaime-Garcia, R Cotty, PJ TI Aspergillus flavus in soils and corncobs in south Texas: Implications for management of aflatoxins in corn-cotton rotations SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE pith; placenta; sclerenchyma ID SUBSTRATE-INDUCED RESPIRATION; CROP RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; SECTION FLAVI; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATION; FIELD; ASSOCIATION; SCLEROTIA; STRAINS; FUNGAL AB Aspergillus flavus causes aflatoxin contamination in both cottonseed and corn. Corn-cotton rotations are common in South Texas, where reduced tillage frequently results in long-term residence of corncobs on soil surfaces. Corncobs are colonized by A. flavus either prior to harvest or while in the soil. This study sought to determine the potential of corncobs as sources of inoculum for cotton and corn in South Texas. A. flavus communities in corncob and soil samples were collected during the planting seasons of 2001 to 2003 from 29 fields extending from Calhoun and Victoria Counties in the north to the Rio Grande Valley. In order to assess persistence of A. flavus in corncobs, A. flavus communities in corncobs and soil were contrasted every 2 to 3 months in four fields throughout the 3-year study. To assess seasonal variation, similar contrasts were performed in two fields on a biweekly basis. The results indicate that corncobs are major sources of A. flavus inoculum. Corncobs from the previous season contained, on average, over 190 times more A. flavus propagules than soil from the same field, and 2-year-old corncobs still retained 45 times more propagules than soil. There was no significant difference in the incidence of A. flavus strain S on corncobs and soil. The quantity of A. flavus in corncobs decreased with corncob age (r(2) = 0.54; P = 0.002). C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Arizona, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM pjcotty@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1366 EP 1371 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.12.1366 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 874KY UT WOS:000225350500011 ER PT J AU Gao, X Jackson, TA Lambert, KN Li, S Hartman, GL Niblack, TL AF Gao, X Jackson, TA Lambert, KN Li, S Hartman, GL Niblack, TL TI Detection and quantification of Fusarium solani f. sp glycines in soybean roots with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE beta-actin; Glycine max; QPCR inhibition; SYBR Green assay ID SUDDEN-DEATH-SYNDROME; RT-PCR; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SELECTIVE MEDIA; REACTION ASSAYS; POTATO-TUBERS; BIO-PCR; DNA; TRANSCRIPTION; VIRUS AB Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines is the causal organism of soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS). This organism is difficult to detect and quantify because it is a slow-growing fungus with variable phenotypic characteristics. Reliable and fast procedures are important for detection of this soybean pathogen. Protocols were optimized for extraction of DNA from pure fungal cultures and fresh or dry roots. A new procedure to test polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors in DNA extracts was developed. Novel real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) assays were developed for both absolute and relative quantification of F solani f. sp. glycines. The fungus was quantified based on detection of the mitochondrial small-subunit rRNA gene, and the host plant based on detection of the cyclophilin gene of the host plant. DNA of F solani f. sp. glycines was detected in soybean plants both with and without SDS foliar symptoms to contents as low as 9.0 x 10(-5) ng in the absolute QPCR assays. This is the first report of relative QPCR using the comparative threshold cycle (Ct) method to quantify the DNA of a plant pathogen relative to its host DNA. The relative QPCR assay is reliable if care is taken to avoid reaction inhibition and it may be used to further elucidate the fungus-host interaction in the development of SDS or screen for resistance to the fungus. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Niblack, TL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. EM tniblack@uiuc.edu NR 61 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1372 EP 1380 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.12.1372 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 874KY UT WOS:000225350500012 ER PT J AU Eskandari, FM Berner, DK AF Eskandari, FM Berner, DK TI First report of leaf spot caused by a Cercosporella sp on Centaurea solstitialis in Greece. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. European Biol Control Lab, Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Eskandari, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1382 EP 1382 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.12.1382A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 874KY UT WOS:000225350500016 ER PT J AU Chandra-Shekara, AC Navarre, D Kachroo, A Kang, HG Klessig, D Kachroo, P AF Chandra-Shekara, AC Navarre, D Kachroo, A Kang, HG Klessig, D Kachroo, P TI Signaling requirements and role of salicylic acid in HRT- and rrt-mediated resistance to turnip crinkle virus in Arabidopsis SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE turnip crinkle virus; salicylic acid; defense; Arabidopsis; signaling ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; ESSENTIAL COMPONENT; PERONOSPORA-PARASITICA; OOMYCETE PATHOGENS; DEFENSE RESPONSES; GENE AB Inoculation of turnip crinkle virus (TCV) on the resistant Arabidopsis ecotype Di-17 elicits a hypersensitive response (HR), which is accompanied by increased expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Previous genetic analyses revealed that the HR to TCV is conferred by HRT, which encodes a coiled-coil (CC), nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) class resistance (R) protein. In contrast to the HR, resistance to TCV requires both HRT and a recessive allele at a second locus designated rrt. Here, we demonstrate that unlike most CC-NBS-LRR R genes, HRT/rrt-mediated resistance is dependent on EDS1 and independent of NDR1. Resistance is also independent of RAR1 and SGT1. HRT/rrt-mediated resistance is compromised in plants with reduced salicylic acid (SA) content as a consequence of mutations eds5, pad4, or sid2. By contrast, HR is not affected by mutations in eds1, eds5, pad4, sid2, ndr1, rar1, or sgt1b. Resistance to TCV is restored in both SA-deficient Di-17 plants expressing the nahG transgene and mutants containing the eds1, eds5, or sid2 mutations by exogenous application of SA or the SA analog benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid (BTH). In contrast, SA/BTH treatment failed to enhance resistance in HRT pad4, Col-0, or hrt homozygous progeny of a cross between Di-17 and Col-0. Thus, HRT and PAD4 are required for SA-induced resistance. Exogenously supplied SA or high endogenous levels of SA, due to the ssi2 mutation, overcame the suppressive effects of RRT and enhanced resistance to TCV, provided the HRT allele was present. High levels of SA upregulate HRT expression via a PAD4-dependent pathway. As Col-0 transgenic lines expressing high levels of HRT were resistant to TCV, but lines expressing moderate to low levels of HRT were not, we conclude that SA enhances resistance in the RRT background by upregulating HRT expression. These data suggest that the HRT-TCV interaction is unable to generate sufficient amounts of SA required for a stable resistance phenotype, and the presence of rrt possibly corrects this deficiency. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kachroo, P (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM pk62@uky.edu NR 50 TC 66 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 5 BP 647 EP 659 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02241.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 872DQ UT WOS:000225188000002 PM 15546349 ER PT J AU Vogel, JP Raab, TK Somerville, CR Somerville, SC AF Vogel, JP Raab, TK Somerville, CR Somerville, SC TI Mutations in PMR5 result in powdery mildew resistance and altered cell wall composition SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; cell wall; disease susceptibility; disease resistance; pectin; powdery mildew ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SALICYLIC-ACID; FT-IR; POLYSACCHARIDE COMPOSITION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; GENE; MUTANTS; LOCALIZATION AB Powdery mildews and other obligate biotrophic pathogens are highly adapted to their hosts and often show limited host ranges. One facet of such host specialization is likely to be penetration of the host cell wall, a major barrier to infection. A mutation in the pmr5 gene rendered Arabidopsis resistant to the powdery mildew species Erysiphe cichoracearum and Erysiphe orontii, but not to the unrelated pathogens Pseudomonas syringae or Peronospora parasitica. PMR5 belongs to a large family of plant-specific genes of unknown function. pmr5-mediated resistance did not require signaling through either the salicylic acid or jasmonic acid/ethylene defense pathways, suggesting resistance in this mutant may be due either to the loss of a susceptibility factor or to the activation of a novel form of defense. Based on Fourier transform infrared analysis, the pmr5 cell walls were enriched in pectin and exhibited a reduced degree of pectin modification relative to wild-type cell walls. In addition, the mutant had smaller cells, suggesting a defect in cell expansion. A double mutant with pmr6 (defective in a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored pectate lyase-like gene) exhibited a strong increase in total uronic acid content and a more severe reduction in size, relative to the single mutants, suggesting that the two genes affect pectin composition, either directly or indirectly, via different mechanisms. These two mutants highlight the importance of the host cell wall in plant-microbe interactions. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Vogel, JP (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jvogel@pw.usda.gov RI Vogel, John/B-3176-2009; Somerville, Christopher/A-4048-2009; OI Somerville, Christopher/0000-0003-4647-0094; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689; Raab, Theodore K./0000-0002-3965-8729 NR 37 TC 123 Z9 128 U1 9 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 6 BP 968 EP 978 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02264.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 877OJ UT WOS:000225579600011 PM 15584961 ER PT J AU Pittman, JK Shigaki, T Marshall, JL Morris, JL Cheng, NH Hirschi, KD AF Pittman, JK Shigaki, T Marshall, JL Morris, JL Cheng, NH Hirschi, KD TI Functional and regulatory analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana CAX2 cation transporter SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; calcium; cation; H+ antiport; manganese; metal transport; yeast heterologous expression ID TRANSITION-METAL TRANSPORT; VACUOLAR H+-ATPASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MANGANESE TOLERANCE; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; TONOPLAST VESICLES; PLANT-GROWTH; OAT ROOTS; EXPRESSION AB The vacuolar sequestration of metals is an important metal tolerance mechanism in plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar transporters CAX1 and CAX2 were originally identified in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppression screen as Ca2+/H+ antiporters. CAX2 has a low affinity for Ca2+ but can transport other metals including Mn2+ and Cd2+. Here we demonstrate that unlike cax1 mutants, CAX2 insertional mutants caused no discernable morphological phenotypes or alterations in Ca2+/H+ antiport activity. However, cax2 lines exhibited a reduction in vacuolar Mn2+/H+ antiport and, like cax1 mutants, reduced V-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity. Analysis of a CAX2 promoter beta-glucoronidase (GUS) reporter gene fusion confirmed that CAX2 was expressed throughout the plant and strongly expressed in flower tissue, vascular tissue and in the apical meristem of young plants. Heterologous expression in yeast identified an N-terminal regulatory region in CAX2, suggesting that Arabidopsis contains multiple cation/H+ antiporters with shared regulatory features. Furthermore, despite significant variations in morphological and biochemical phenotypes, cax1 and cax2 lines both significantly alter V-ATPase activity, hinting at coordinate regulation among transporters driven by H+ gradients and the V-ATPase. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Biol, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Pittman, JK (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jon.pittman@manchester.ac.uk OI Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01 GM57427] NR 47 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 56 IS 6 BP 959 EP 971 DI 10.1007/s11103-004-6446-3 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 915FA UT WOS:000228282200010 PM 15821993 ER PT J AU Cazzonelli, CI Velten, J AF Cazzonelli, CI Velten, J TI Analysis of RNA-mediated gene silencing using a new vector (pKNOCKOUT) and an in planta Agrobacterium transient expression system SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE antisense; Nicotiana; Photinus pyralis; posttranscriptional gene silencing; Renilla reniformis; reporter gene; RNA interference ID TRANSGENIC PLANTS; BINARY VECTORS; REPORTER GENE; INTRON; SUPPRESSION; TRANSFORMATION; CONSTRUCTION; INTERFERENCE; ARABIDOPSIS; EFFICIENT AB A hairpin RNA (hpRNA) vector, pKNOCKOUT (pKO) has been constructed to facilitate the analysis of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system developed for tobacco. The pKO binary vector was tested by cloning a firefly luciferase (Photinus pyralis) gene segment in sense (sFLUC), antisense (aFLUC), and inverted repeat (ihpFLUC) orientations. The inverted repeats of the target gene are separated by the castor bean catalase intron (CbCi) and, when transcribed and spliced, produce a self-complementary hpRNA. hpRNA-mediated gene silencing exploits a cellular mechanism that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and subjects it, and homologous mRNA molecules, to sequence-specific degradation. Agrobacteria harboring compatible plasmids, pE1778-RiLUC (Renilla luciferase normalization construct) and pTCaMV35S-FiLUC (functional firefly luciferase test construct), were co-infused with different variants of pKO-FLUC plasmids into Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tobaccum leaf tissues. Reduced firefly luciferase reporter gene activity (from pTCaMV35S-FiLUC) indicated gene silencing and was observed in leaf tissues co-infused with pKO-sFLUC (50% reduction), pKO-aFLUC (85% reduction), or pKO-ihpFLUC (96% reduction) agrobacteria lines. Gene silencing was observed at different times postinfusion in leaves from both Nicotiana species. The hpRNA-mediated interference with FiLUC reporter gene expression, as measured by reduced firefly luciferase activity, was found to also suppress silencing of the cotransferred Renilla reniformis luciferase normalization reporter gene, resulting in reproducibly elevated RiLUC activity. This suppression effect was reduced by lowering the percentage of infused pKO-ihpFLUC agrobacteria without markedly effecting hpRNA-mediated gene silencing of FiLUC (all pKO-ihpFLUC dilutions produced > 90% reduction of FiLUC activity). Viral suppressors of PTGS, such as p19 and HcPro, were found to reduce the RNAi effect of hpRNA-mediated gene silencing. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that excess amounts of targeted dsRNA can result in nonspecific suppression of PTGS of an unrelated, co-infused reporter gene in plants. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Velten, J (reprint author), 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM jvelten@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Cazzonelli, Christopher/A-5347-2010 OI Cazzonelli, Christopher/0000-0003-3096-3193 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT SOC PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT BIOCHEMISTRY, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1007/BF02772678 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 910EY UT WOS:000227914500003 ER PT J AU Chen, W Coyne, CJ Peever, TL Muehlbauer, FJ AF Chen, W Coyne, CJ Peever, TL Muehlbauer, FJ TI Characterization of chickpea differentials for pathogenicity assay of ascochyta blight and identification of chickpea accessions resistant to Didymella rabiei SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ascochyta blight; Ascochyta rabiei; chickpea; differentials; pathogenicity assay; pathotypes; resistance ID CICER-ARIETINUM L.; GERMPLASM LINES RESISTANT; SEASON FOOD LEGUMES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SOLANAPYRONE-A; PASS. LABR.; MATING-TYPE; PLANT-AGE; REGISTRATION; TELEOMORPH AB Forty-eight chickpea germplasm lines, including 22 differentials used in previous studies, were characterized for disease phenotypes following inoculation with six isolates of Didymella (anamorph Ascochyta) rabiei, representing a wide spectrum of pathogenic variation. Representative isolates were also directly compared with six previously identified races on eight chickpea genotypes. Many of the chickpea differentials reacted similarly to inoculation with each isolate of D. rabiei, and several previously identified races caused similar levels of disease on the differentials. This indicates that the number of differentials can be reduced significantly without sacrificing accuracy in describing pathogenic variation of D. rabiei on chickpea. Pathogenic variation among samples of US isolates allowed classification of the isolates into two pathotypes. The distribution of disease phenotypes of the 48 germplasm lines was bimodal after inoculation with pathotype I isolates, whereas the distribution of disease phenotypes was continuous after inoculation with pathotype II isolates. Such distinct distribution patterns suggest that chickpea plants employ different resistance mechanisms to each pathotype and that the two pathotypes may have different genetic mechanisms controlling pathogenicity. The advantages of using the two-pathotype system in assaying pathogenicity of the pathogen and in studying resistance mechanisms of the host are discussed. Three chickpea accessions, PI 559361, PI 559363 and W6 22589, showed a high level of resistance to both pathotypes, and can be employed as resistance sources in chickpea breeding programmes for resistance to ascochyta blight. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM w-chen@wsu.edu NR 43 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 53 IS 6 BP 759 EP 769 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.01103.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 879VV UT WOS:000225748100009 ER PT J AU Morreel, K Ralph, J Lu, FC Goeminne, G Busson, R Herdewijn, P Goeman, JL Van der Eycken, J Boerjan, W Messens, E AF Morreel, K Ralph, J Lu, FC Goeminne, G Busson, R Herdewijn, P Goeman, JL Van der Eycken, J Boerjan, W Messens, E TI Phenolic profiling of caffeic acid O-methyltransferase-deficient poplar reveals novel benzodioxane oligolignols SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; DOWN-REGULATION; COENZYME-A; TRANSGENIC ALFALFA; MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS; SUBSTRATE PREFERENCES; SINAPYL ALCOHOL; CAD-DEFICIENT; PLANTS AB Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes preferentially the methylation of 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde to sinapaldehyde in monolignol biosynthesis. Here, we have compared HPLC profiles of the methanol-soluble phenolics fraction of xylem tissue from COMT-deficient and control poplars (Populus spp.), using statistical analysis of the peak heights. COMT down-regulation results in significant concentration differences for 25 of the 91 analyzed peaks. Eight peaks were exclusively detected in COMT-deficient poplar, of which four could be purified for further identification using mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and spiking of synthesized reference compounds. These new compounds were derived from 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol or 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde and were characterized by benzodioxane moieties, a structural type that is also increased in the lignins of COMT-deficient plants. One of these four benzodioxanes amounted to the most abundant oligolignol in the HPLC profile. Furthermore, all of the differentially accumulating oligolignols involving sinapyl units were either reduced in abundance or undetectable. The concentration levels of all identified oligolignols were in agreement with the relative supply of monolignols and with their chemical coupling propensities, which supports the random coupling hypothesis. Chiral HPLC analysis of the most abundant benzodioxane dimer revealed the presence of both enantiomers in equal amounts, indicating that they were formed by radical coupling reactions under simple chemical control rather than guided by dirigent proteins. C1 State Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Wisconsin, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Med Scheikunde, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Ghent, Dept Organ Chem, Lab Organ & Bioorgan Synth, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Boerjan, W (reprint author), State Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. EM wout.boerjan@psb.ugent.be RI Van der Eycken, Johan/G-5431-2010; OI Boerjan, Wout/0000-0003-1495-510X NR 57 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 136 IS 4 BP 4023 EP 4036 DI 10.1104/pp.104.049312 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 881HD UT WOS:000225853100017 PM 15563622 ER PT J AU Wang, YX Magnard, JL McCormick, S Yang, M AF Wang, YX Magnard, JL McCormick, S Yang, M TI Progression through meiosis I and meiosis II in Arabidopsis anthers is regulated by an A-type cyclin predominately expressed in prophase I SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX; EMBRYONIC-CELL CYCLE; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; MUTANT; GENE; THALIANA; DIVISION; ACTIVATION; HOMOLOG AB Meiosis is often described as a special case of cell division since it differs from mitosis in having two nuclear divisions without an intervening S-phase. It will be of great interest to uncover what molecular mechanisms underlie these special features of meiosis. We previously reported that the tardy asynchronous meiosis (tam) mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is slower in cell cycle progression in male meiosis. Here we report that TAM encodes the A-type cyclin, CYCA1;2. The point mutation in tam replaced a conserved threonine with an isoleucine in the linker region between the alpha4 and alpha5 helices of the first cyclin fold. By studying the dynamics of a CYCA1;2-green fluorescent protein fusion protein under the control of the CYCA1;2 promoter, we found that the fusion protein was most abundant at pachytene, but was undetectable from late prophase I until telophase II. Nonetheless, cell cycle progression in tam was delayed in both pachytene and meiosis. II. We conclude either that the CYCA1;2 produced in prophase I indirectly regulates meiosis II progression, or that a very low level of CYCA1;2 directly regulates meiosis II progression. Either of these scenarios is a deviation from the typical mode of action of mitotic cyclins in mitosis and meiosis I, in which each nuclear division is coupled with a peak of expression of mitotic cyclins. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Yang, M (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM yming@okstate.edu RI Yang, Ming/H-7361-2012 NR 49 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 136 IS 4 BP 4127 EP 4135 DI 10.1104/pp.104.051201 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 881HD UT WOS:000225853100026 PM 15557098 ER PT J AU Zhu, YJ Agbayani, R Jackson, MC Tang, CS Moore, PH AF Zhu, YJ Agbayani, R Jackson, MC Tang, CS Moore, PH TI Expression of the grapevine stilbene synthase gene VST1 in papaya provides increased resistance against diseases caused by Phytophthora palmivora SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Carica papaya; genetic transformation; phytoalexin; resveratrol (trans-3,4 ',5-trihydroxy-stilbene); root rot ID RESVERATROL-GLUCOSIDE; ACTINIDIA-DELICIOSA; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; PHYTOALEXINS; VITIS; TRANSFORMATION; METABOLISM; QUERCETIN AB The phytoalexin resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), a natural component of resistance to fungal diseases in many plants, is synthesized by the enzyme trihydroxystilbene synthase ( stilbene synthase, EC 2.3.1.95), which appears to be deficient or lacking in susceptible plants. Earlier workers isolated a stilbene synthase gene (Vst1) from grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.), which has subsequently been introduced as a transgene into a range of species to increase resistance of hosts to pathogens to which they were originally susceptible. Papaya ( Carica papaya L.) is susceptible to a variety of fungal diseases, including root, stem, and fruit rot caused by the pathogen Phytophthora palmivora. Since resveratrol at 1.0 mM inhibited mycelium growth of P. palmivora in vitro, we hypothesized that papaya resistance to this pathogen might be increased by transformation with the grapevine stilbene synthase construct pVst1, containing the Vst1 gene and its pathogen-inducible promoter. Multiple transformed lines were produced, clonally propagated, and evaluated with a leaf disk bioassay and whole plant response to inoculation with P. palmivora. RNA transcripts of stilbene synthase and resveratrol glycoside were induced in plant lines transformed with the grapevine pVst1 construct shortly after pathogen inoculation, and the transformed papaya lines exhibited increased resistance to P. palmivora. The immature transformed plants appear normal and will be advanced to field trials to evaluate their utility. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Agr Res Serv, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Zhu, YJ (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM jzhu@harc-hspa.com NR 38 TC 39 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD DEC PY 2004 VL 220 IS 2 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s00425-004-1343-1 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 876TS UT WOS:000225521200006 PM 15309535 ER PT J AU Abegaz, EG Tandon, KS Scott, JW Baldwin, EA Shewfelt, RL AF Abegaz, EG Tandon, KS Scott, JW Baldwin, EA Shewfelt, RL TI Partitioning taste from aromatic flavor notes of fresh tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill) to develop predictive models as a function of volatile and nonvolatile components SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MARKET TOMATOES; QUALITY; CULTIVARS; PERCEPTION; OLFACTION AB Sensory descriptive measures of six breeding lines and four supermarket items of tomatoes were determined using the 150 mm unstructured line scales with and without partitioning of taste from aromatic flavor notes using nose clips. Chemical/instrumental analysis measurements of pH, titratable acid, soluble solids, glucose, fructose, total sugars, sucrose equivalents and gas chromatographic analysis of flavor volatiles was also conducted. Taste descriptors were significantly correlated to nonvolatile components when partitioned from flavor perception. Aroma descriptors were more pronounced when following taste perception than when evaluated simultaneously with taste descriptors. Regression models were more effective at predicting sensory descriptors when taste descriptors were partitioned than when they were not partitioned. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Bradenton, FL USA. USDA ARS, Citrus & Suptrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. RP Shewfelt, RL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM shewfelt@uga.edu NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.05.023 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 873XD UT WOS:000225313900001 ER PT J AU Huff, WE Huff, GR Rath, NC Balog, JM Donoghue, AM AF Huff, WE Huff, GR Rath, NC Balog, JM Donoghue, AM TI Therapeutic efficacy of bacteriophage and baytril (enrofloxacin) individually and in combination to treat colibacillosis in broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; Escherichia coli; chicken ID COLI RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; SUPPURATIVE BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; LYTIC BACTERIOPHAGES; AEROSOL SPRAY; CHICKENS; CALVES; MICE; PREVENTION; DIARRHEA; PHAGE AB A study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of bacteriophage and the antibiotic enrofloxacin individually and in combination to treat colibacillosis. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial with 8 treatments and 4 replicate pens of 10 birds. The treatments were 1) control, 2) unchallenged birds treated with bacteriophage, 3) enrofloxacin, or 4) the combination; 5) birds challenged with Escherichia coli, and birds challenged with E. coli and treated with 6) bacteriophage, 7) enrofloxacin, or 8) the combination of bacteriophage and enrofloxacin. Birds in the E. coli challenged treatments were challenged at 7 d of age by injecting 10(4) cfu of E. coli into the thoracic air sac. The antibiotic treatment was initiated immediately after the birds were challenged and consisted of 50 ppm enrofloxacin in the drinking water for 7 consecutive days. The bacteriophage treatment consisted of a single intramuscular injection of 2 different bacteriophage (10(9) pfu) administered immediately after the E. coli challenge. Mortality in the birds challenged with E. coli and untreated was 68%, and the bacteriophage and enrofloxacin treatments significantly decreased mortality to 15 and 3%, respectively. There was total protection in birds that received both the bacteriophage and enrofloxacin representing a significant synergy. The decrease in mortality with enrofloxacin (3%) was significantly better than the decrease in mortality with bacteriophage (15%). Airsacculitis lesion scores and lesion incidence in surviving birds were significantly less in the enrofloxacin treatment compared with the bacteriophage treatment. Both bacteriophage and enrofloxacin provided effective treatments of colibacillosis, and the synergy between these 2 treatments suggests that bacteriophage combined with antibiotic treatment has significant value. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Huff, WE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM huff@uark.edu NR 24 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1944 EP 1947 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 873WN UT WOS:000225312300004 PM 15615004 ER PT J AU McReynolds, JL Byrd, JA Anderson, RC Moore, RW Edrington, TS Genovese, KJ Poole, TL Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ AF McReynolds, JL Byrd, JA Anderson, RC Moore, RW Edrington, TS Genovese, KJ Poole, TL Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ TI Evaluation of immunosuppressants and dietary mechanisms in an experimental disease model for necrotic enteritis SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE necrotic enteritis; Clostridium petfringens; chicken; immunosuppression ID CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; BROILER-CHICKENS AB Clostridium perfringens (CP) is the etiologic agent of necrotic enteritis (NE). Clinical signs of this disease include depression, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and severe necrosis of the intestinal tract. Understanding the disease progression of NE has been difficult due to its complexity and the involvement of multiple factors (dietary components, immunosuppression, and mechanical irritation of the gut) that appear to contribute to this syndrome. In the present investigation, day-of-hatch broilers were fed a 55% wheat diet and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 groups. Treatments included positive control (CP challenge only), commercial coccidia vaccine (CCV), commercial bursal disease vaccine (CBDV), or the combination of CCV and CBDV, and an appropriate negative control for each (vaccinated and not challenged). Challenged treatment groups received 10(7) cfu of CP twice daily. When compared with controls, broilers in each treatment group had increased (P less than or equal to 0.05) lesion scores, with mean scores of 1.05 and 2.05 in the CP and CBDV + CP treatments, respectively. When compared with controls, the incidence of CP increased (P less than or equal to 0.05) in all treatment groups (73 and 100% in the CCV + CP and CBDV + CP treatment groups, respectively). Compared with controls, percentage mortality increased (P less than or equal to 0.05) from 2% to 26 and 34% in the CP and CBDV + CP treatment groups, respectively. Results of this study indicate that the methodology used provides a good model for studying NE. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Byrd, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM byrd@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 19 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1948 EP 1952 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 873WN UT WOS:000225312300005 PM 15615005 ER PT J AU Bourassa, DV Fletcher, DL Buhr, RJ Berrang, ME Cason, JA AF Bourassa, DV Fletcher, DL Buhr, RJ Berrang, ME Cason, JA TI Recovery of salmonellae from trisodium phosphate-treated commercially processed broiler carcasses after chilling and after seven-day storage SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; chilling; salmonellae; trisodium phosphate; whole carcass enrichment ID CHICKEN SKIN; TYPHIMURIUM; POULTRY; WATER AB Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of prechill trisodium phosphate (TSP) treatment on reducing salmonellae recovery from broiler carcasses immediately after chilling or following 7 d of storage. Carcasses were sampled for salmonellae using whole carcass enrichment for 24 h at 37 C. In each of 7 trials, 40 carcasses were obtained from a commercial processing plant. Batches of 4 carcasses were subjected to a 5-s dip in 10% TSP (treatment) or not dipped (control). Two carcasses from each batch were sampled immediately after chilling (d 0) and 2 carcasses were sampled after 7 d of storage. For trials 1 and 2, TSP treatment and control groups were chilled in separate chill tanks for 45 mill. For trials 3 through 7, carcasses were rinsed with water and individually bagged with ice and water before chilling. For trials 1 and 2, 85% (17/20) of control carcasses were salmonellae-positive on d 0 compared with 45% (9/ 20) of the TSP-treated carcasses; after 7 d, 75% (15/20) of control carcasses were positive compared with 35% (7/ 20) for the TSP-treated carcasses. For trials 3 through 7, 46% (23/50) of control carcasses were salmonellae-positive on d 0 compared with 26% (13/50) of the TSP-treated carcasses; after 7 d, 20% (10/50) of control carcasses were positive compared with 4%0 (2/50) of the TSP-treated carcasses. TSP treatment resulted in significantly higher pH values for rinses. Salmonella recovery was decreased by refrigerated storage and treatment with TSP before immersion chilling. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Fletcher, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fletcher@uga.edu NR 17 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 83 IS 12 BP 2079 EP 2082 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 873WN UT WOS:000225312300023 PM 15615023 ER PT J AU Craven, RA Stanley, AJ Hanrahan, S Totty, N Jackson, DP Popescu, R Taylor, A Frey, J Selby, PJ Patel, PM Banks, RE AF Craven, RA Stanley, AJ Hanrahan, S Totty, N Jackson, DP Popescu, R Taylor, A Frey, J Selby, PJ Patel, PM Banks, RE TI Identification of proteins regulated by interferon-alpha in resistant and sensitive malignant melanoma cell lines SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE cytokine; interferon; melanoma ID HUMAN POLYNUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CATHEPSIN-B CONTRIBUTES; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; GAMMA-INTERFERON; LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; DOSE INTERFERON-ALPHA-2B; PROTEOME ANALYSIS; ADJUVANT THERAPY AB Treatment of patients with malignant melanoma with interferon-alpha achieves a response in a small but significant subset of patients. Currently, although much is known about interferon biology, little is known about either the particular mechanisms of interferon-alpha activity that are crucial for response or why only some patients respond to interferon-alpha therapy. Two melanoma cell lines (MeWo and MM418) that are known to differ in their response to the antiproliferative activity of interferon-alpha, have been used as a model system to investigate interferon-alpha action. Using a proteomics approach based on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, several proteins induced in response to interferon-alpha have been identified. These include a number of gene products previously known to be type I interferon responsive (tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase, leucine aminopeptidase, ubiquitin cross-reactive protein, gelsolin, FUSE binding protein 2 and hPNPase) as well as a number of proteins not previously reported to be induced by type I interferon (cathepsin B, proteasomal activator 28alpha and alpha-SNAP). Although the proteins upregulated by interferon-alpha were common between the cell lines when examined at the level of Western blotting, the disparity in the basal level of cathepsin B was striking, raising the possibility that the higher level in MM418 may contribute to the sensitivity of this cell line to interferon-alpha treatment. C1 St James Univ Hosp, Canc Res UK Clin Ctr, Leeds LS9 7TF, W Yorkshire, England. London Res Inst, Canc Res UK Prot Anal Lab, London, England. Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vision Res, Boston, MA USA. Univ Bielefeld, Dept Biochem, Fac Chem, Bielefeld, Germany. RP Banks, RE (reprint author), St James Univ Hosp, Canc Res UK Clin Ctr, Beckett St, Leeds LS9 7TF, W Yorkshire, England. EM r.banks@leeds.ac.uk OI Banks, Rosamonde/0000-0002-0042-8715 NR 67 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD DEC PY 2004 VL 4 IS 12 BP 3998 EP 4009 DI 10.1002/pmic.200400870 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 880PH UT WOS:000225801200028 PM 15449380 ER PT J AU Simpson, AGB Gill, EE Callahan, HA Litaker, RW Roger, AJ AF Simpson, AGB Gill, EE Callahan, HA Litaker, RW Roger, AJ TI Early evolution within kinetoplastids (Euglenozoa), and the late emergence of trypanosomatids SO PROTIST LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC TREE SELECTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; LEISHMANIA-MAJOR; GENES SUGGESTS; BODO-SALTANS; PROTEIN; DIVERSITY; DNA AB Many important relationships amongst kinetoplastids, including the position of trypanosomatids, remain uncertain, with limited taxon sampling of markers other than small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA). We report gene sequences for cytosolic heat shock proteins 90 and/or 70 (HSP90, HSP70) from the potentially early-diverging kinetoplastids Ichthyobodo necator and Rhynchobodo sp., and from bodonid clades '2' (Parabodonidae) and '3' (Eubodonidae). Some of the new cytosolic HSP70 sequences represent a distinct paralog family (HSP70-B), which is related to yet another paralog known from trypanosomatids (HSP70-C). The (HSP70-B, HSP70-C) clade seemingly diverged before the separation between kinetoplastids and diplonemids. Protein phylogenies support the basal placement of Ichthyobodo within kinetoplastids. Unexpectedly, Rhynchobodo usually forms the next most basal group, separated from the clade '1' bodonids with which it has been allied. Bootstrap support is often weak, but the possibility that Rhynchobodo represents a separate early-diverging lineage within core kinetoplastids deserves further testing. Trypanosomatids always fall remote from the root of kinetoplastids, forming a specific relationship with bodonid clades 2 (and 3), generally with strong bootstrap support. These protein trees with improved taxon sampling provide the best evidence to date for a 'late' emergence of trypanosomatids, contradicting recent SSUrRNA-based proposals for a relatively early divergence of this group. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biochem, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada. USDA ARS, Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Simpson, AGB (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM alastair.simpson@dal.ca NR 51 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 13 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1434-4610 J9 PROTIST JI Protist PD DEC PY 2004 VL 155 IS 4 BP 407 EP 422 DI 10.1078/1434461042650389 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 881XR UT WOS:000225903300003 PM 15648721 ER PT J AU Paolillo, DJ Garvin, DF Parthasarathy, MV AF Paolillo, DJ Garvin, DF Parthasarathy, MV TI The chromoplasts of Or mutants of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea; beta-carotene; membranous chromoplast; Or mutation; plastid replication; ultrastructure ID CHLOROPLAST DIVISION; BETA-CAROTENE; TOMATO FRUITS; DAUCUS-CAROTA; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PLASTIDS; PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION AB The Or mutation in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) leads to abnormal accumulations of beta-carotene in orange chromoplasts, in tissues in which leucoplasts are characteristic of wild-type plants. Or chromoplasts were investigated by light microscopy of fresh materials and electron microscopy of glutaraldehyde- and potassium permanganate-fixed materials. Carotenoid inclusions in Or chromoplasts resemble those found in carrot root chromoplasts in their optical activity and angular shape. Electron microscopy revealed that the inclusions are made up of parallel, membrane-bound compartments. These stacks of membranes are variously rolled and folded into three-dimensional objects. We classify Or chromoplasts as "membranous" chromoplasts. The Or mutation also limits plastid replication so that a single chromoplast constitutes the plastidome in most of the affected cells. There are one to two chromoplasts in each cell of a shoot apex. The ability of differentiated chromoplasts to divide in the apical meristems of Or mutant plants resembles the ability of proplastids to maintain plastid continuity from cell to cell in meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in which plastid replication is drastically limited. The findings are used to discuss the number of levels of regulation involved in plastid replication. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Paolillo, DJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, 228 Plant Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM djp4@cornell.edu NR 42 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PD DEC PY 2004 VL 224 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s00709-004-0059-1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 887KH UT WOS:000226304500012 PM 15614485 ER PT J AU Forte-Gardner, O Young, FL Dillman, DA Carroll, MS AF Forte-Gardner, O Young, FL Dillman, DA Carroll, MS TI Increasing the effectiveness of technology transfer for conservation cropping systems through research and field design SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE diffusion; adoption; impact; conservation cropping systems; technology transfer; Ralston Project ID ON-FARM RESEARCH; WIND EROSION; NORTHWEST; PALOUSE; REGION AB A survey was conducted in 2002 to measure the success of technology transfered to growers (i.e., change ss in attitudes and behaviors) from a long-term. large-scale, integrated cropping systems experiment called the Ralston Project, near Ralston. Washington, USA. Non-irrigated. cereal and oilseed growers who participated in biennial field tours (1996-2000) were mailed a self-administered questionnaire, which asked about: (1) their interest, use and adoption of technology developed or demonstrated in the project: (2) their opinions about the project's collaborators, planning and design: and (3) their Overall impressions of the project. One hundred and one eligible growers responded to the questionnaire, for a 55%. overall response rate and a 62% completion rate. Survey results confirmed that the Ralston Project field tours were a successful means of technology transfer among participants. Seventy-seven percent of growers found one or more project technologies particularly useful to their own production operation(s). More than 60% conducted independent trials with one or more technologies, with 50% of these trials resulting in permanent adoptions. The project's planning and design had a more positive effect on growers opinion of the project than the type of collaborations and sources of funding. Specific Strategies that had a substantially positive effect on growers opinions included: (1) the project's 'whole system. treatment design'. :(2) use of large plots to accommodate field-sized equipment; and (3) collaboration among scientific disciplines and with local growers. Seven variables known to influence the adoption of innovation were also tested against growers' decisions to try any of the project's technology in their own farm operations. Personal character variables influenced individuals' decisions to try project technology more so than environmental conditions. Level of education, previous adoption behavior and average annual rainfall significantly influenced growers' behavior (P < 0.05). Our survey population consisted of early users of conservation-based farming technology, primarily innovators and early adopters. The Ralston Project made the greatest impact on current adopters and users of conservation-based farming technology. Interest among : non-users was also high enough to suggest that the Ralston Project contributed positively to the diffusion of conservation cropping systems and associated technology into the greater grower community. We discovered from this survey that the planning and execution of field research plays a significant and influential role in transferring more complex, and perhaps high-risk, conservation-based farm technology. By understanding how research and field design affect different user groups within the grower community, professionals can identify appropriate strategies to expand interest beyond their primary target audience and influence attitudes and behaviors that facilitate widespread adoption. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Econ Sci Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Young, FL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM youngfl@wsu.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1079/RAFS200485 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 891OJ UT WOS:000226590100002 ER PT J AU Hanson, J Dismukes, R Chambers, W Greene, C Kremen, A AF Hanson, J Dismukes, R Chambers, W Greene, C Kremen, A TI Risk and risk management in organic agriculture: Views of organic farmers SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE focus groups; organic farming; crop insurance; organic certification; genetically modified organisms AB In a series of focus groups during 2001 and 2002, organic farmers from different regions of the United States identified a wide range of risks to their operations. The focus groups were facilitated by the University of Maryland in cooperation with a research team from USDA's Economic Research Service, to explore the risks faced by organic farmers, how they are managed, and needs for risk management assistance. Contamination of organic production from genetically modified organisms was seen as a major risk, particularly by grain, soybean and cotton farmers. Focus-group participants producing grains and cotton-many of whom knew about and had obtained crop insurance-raised concerns about coverage offered, including the need for insurance to reflect the higher prices received for organic crops. Most fruit and vegetable producers participating in the focus groups had little knowledge of crop insurance. When provided with basic information about crop insurance, operators of small fruit and vegetable farms were skeptical about its usefulness for their type of operation. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Markets & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hanson, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jhanson1@umd.edu NR 17 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 20 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 218 EP 227 DI 10.1079/RAFS200482 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 891OJ UT WOS:000226590100004 ER PT J AU Cohen, S Braham, R Sanchez, F AF Cohen, S Braham, R Sanchez, F TI Seed bank viability in disturbed longleaf pine sites SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flatwoods; longleaf pine; Pinus palustris; restoration; savannas; seed bank ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; VEGETATION; CAROLINA; FIRE; SOIL AB Some of the most species-rich areas and highest concentrations of threatened and endangered species in the southeastern United States are found in wet savanna and flatwood longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) communities. Where intensive forestry practices have eliminated much of the natural understory of the longleaf ecosystem, the potential for reestablishment through a seed bank may present a valuable restoration opportunity. Longleaf pine sites converted to loblolly pine plantations and non-disturbed longleaf sites on the Coastal Plain of North Carolina were examined for seed bank presence and diversity. Conducting vegetation surveys and examining the seed bank using the seedling emergence technique allowed for verification of the seed bank presence, as well as evaluation of the quality of the seed bank on disturbed longleaf pine sites. Forty-three species and over 1,000 individuals germinated, and the seed banks of both the disturbed and non-disturbed stand types contained species not noted in the vegetation survey. Although many of these species were considered weedy and typical of disturbance, numerous taxa were indicative of stable longleaf pine communities. This study confirms both the presence and quality of seed banks in highly disturbed former longleaf pine sites, suggesting that the seed bank may be an important tool in restoration efforts. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cohen, S (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM scohen@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP 503 EP 515 DI 10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00382.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 879JJ UT WOS:000225713800005 ER PT J AU Gardiner, ES Stanturf, JA Schweitzer, CJ AF Gardiner, ES Stanturf, JA Schweitzer, CJ TI An afforestation system for restoring bottomland hardwood forests: Biomass accumulation of nuttall oak seedlings interplanted beneath eastern cottonwood SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest restoration; Populus deltoides; Quercus nuttallii; regeneration; wetland forest ID NORTHERN RED-OAK; MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; YELLOW-POPLAR SEEDLINGS; OVERSTORY COMPOSITION; SPECIES RICHNESS; CARIBBEAN PINE; GROWTH; REGENERATION; PLANTATIONS; REFORESTATION AB Bottomland hardwood forests of the southeastern United States have declined in extent since European settlement. Forest restoration activities over the past decade, however, have driven recent changes in land use through an intensified afforestation effort on former agricultural land. This intense afforestation effort, particularly in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, has generated a demand for alternative afforestation systems that accommodate various landowner objectives through restoration of sustainable forests. We are currently studying an afforestation system that involves initial establishment of the rapidly growing native species eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.), followed by enrichment of the plantation understory with Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii Palm.). In this article, we examine the growth and biomass accumulation by Nuttall oak seedlings to determine whether this species can be established and whether it will develop beneath the cottonwood overstory. After 3 years of growth beneath cottonwood canopies, Nuttall oak seedlings were similar in height (126 cm), but were 20% smaller in root-collar diameter than seedlings established in open fields. Seedlings established in the open accumulated more than twice the biomass of seedlings growing beneath a cottonwood canopy. However, the relative distribution of accumulated biomass in seedlings did not differ in the two environments. Ten percent of total seedling biomass was maintained in leaf tissue, 42% was maintained in stem tissue, and 48% was maintained in root tissue on open-grown seedlings and seedlings established in the understory of cottonwood plantations. Though establishment in the more shaded understory environment reduced Nuttall oak growth, seedling function was not limited enough to induce changes in plant morphology. Our results suggest that an afforestation system involving rapid establishment of forest cover with a quick-growing plantation species, followed by understory enrichment with species of later succession, may provide an alternative method of forest restoration on bottomland hardwood sites and perhaps other sites degraded by agriculture throughout temperate regions. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Gardiner, ES (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM egardiner@fs.fed.us RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 43 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00396.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 879JJ UT WOS:000225713800007 ER PT J AU Ribaudo, M Cattaneo, A Agapoff, J AF Ribaudo, M Cattaneo, A Agapoff, J TI Cost of meeting manure nutrient application standards in hog production: The roles of EQIP and fertilizer offsets SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB The Environmental Protection Agency requires concentrated animal feeding operations to develop and implement a comprehensive nutrient management plan. Changes in manure management to meet nutrient application standards will increase production costs. Some of these costs can be offset by savings from replacing commercial fertilizer with manure nutrients, and through financial assistance programs such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP). A manure application cost model was used to examine the costs to confined hog farms of meeting nutrient application standards, and the ability of fertilizer offsets and EQIP to reduce these costs. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Ribaudo, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 430 EP 444 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2004.00192.x PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 867WK UT WOS:000224873200001 ER PT J AU McBride, WD Short, S El-Osta, H AF McBride, WD Short, S El-Osta, H TI The adoption and impact of bovine somatotropin on US dairy farms SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS; EMPIRICAL IMPACT; WISCONSIN; RBST AB Data from a national survey representative of U.S. dairy operations were used to assess adoption and the production and financial impacts of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST). Adoption rates of rbST varied significantly across the nation, but were higher among larger diary operations in all regions. However, the scale bias of rbST adoption was substantially diminished when the influence of location and the use of related technologies were measured. An increase in milk production per cow was associated with rbST adoption, but estimated financial impacts were not statistically significant due to substantial variation in the net returns of rbST adopters. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP McBride, WD (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 472 EP 488 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2004.00194.x PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 867WK UT WOS:000224873200003 ER PT J AU Brousseau, ME AF Brousseau, ME TI Common variation in genes involved in HDL metabolism influences coronary heart disease risk at the population level SO REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ATP-binding cassette transporter A1; cholesteryl ester transfer protein; high density lipoproteins; polymorphism ID ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CASSETTE TRANSPORTER A1; ARTERY-DISEASE; ABCA1 GENE; TANGIER-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; TAQIB POLYMORPHISM; CETP GENE; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Brousseau, ME (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM margaret.brousseau@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL60935] NR 47 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9155 J9 REV ENDOCR METAB DIS JI Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 5 IS 4 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1023/B:REMD.0000045106.90301.26 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 877EV UT WOS:000225551500007 PM 15486467 ER PT J AU Zaksek, M Arvai, JL AF Zaksek, M Arvai, JL TI Toward improved communication about wildland fire: Mental models research to identify information needs for natural resource management SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE mental models; risk communication; wildland fire ID RISK COMMUNICATION; DECISIONS; INTERFACE AB The management of natural- and human-induced wildland fires is an intricate process that must balance two considerations: that of fire as a necessary natural disturbance and that of the risks that fire poses. Reconciling tradeoffs between these risks and benefits is contingent upon informed, directed, and two-way communication between wildland fire managers and stakeholders. In an effort to aid with the design of such a communication effort, this study used mental models research to determine the unique wildland fire information and decision-making needs of stakeholders living at the wildland-urban interface of a fire-prone area. While the analysis revealed many similarities in how stakeholders conceptualized the risks and benefits of wildland fire, many misconceptions and important gaps in understanding on the part of both expert and nonexpert respondents were identified. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, SNR Skunkworks, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Natl Fire Plan Off, Washington, DC USA. Decis Res, Eugene, OR USA. RP Arvai, JL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, SNR Skunkworks, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1503 EP 1514 DI 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00545.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 886NO UT WOS:000226235800009 PM 15660607 ER PT J AU Giovannini, A MacDiarmid, S Calistri, P Conte, A Savini, L Nannini, D Weber, S AF Giovannini, A MacDiarmid, S Calistri, P Conte, A Savini, L Nannini, D Weber, S TI The use of risk assessment to decide the control strategy for bluetongue in Italian ruminant populations SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE bluetongue; control strategy; infectious disease; risk assessment; veterinary medicine ID VIRUS AB The affiliation. assessment and management of risks is a traditional part of veterinary medicine. In the past, veterinary services involved in this type of activity usually assessed risks qualitatively. However, since the 1990s, quantitative methods have become increasingly important. The establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1994, and the promulgation of its Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the "SPS Agreement") led to an increased application of import risk analysis and to significant improvements in the methodology of risk analysis as applied to international trade policy for animals and animal products. However, there was very little development of risk analysis in veterinary fields other than international trade and management of health risks to consumers of animal products and little has been published on its use in the choice and definition of control or prophylaxis strategies for animal diseases. This article describes a quantitative risk assessment, which was undertaken in Italy to help choose an appropriate national response strategy following an incursion of bluetongue, an infectious disease of sheep and goats. The results obtained in this study support the use of risk analysis as a tool to assist in choosing an appropriate animal disease management strategy. The use of risk analysis in the evaluation of disease management strategies also offers advantages in international trade. It makes easier the comparison of different strategies applied in the various countries, and thus facilitates the assessment of equivalence of the guarantees provided by different strategies. C1 Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Abruzzo & Molise, I-64100 Teramo, Italy. New Zealand Food Safety Author, Wellington, New Zealand. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ctr Anim Dis Informat & Anal, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Giovannini, A (reprint author), Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Abruzzo & Molise, Via Campo Boario, I-64100 Teramo, Italy. RI Giovannini, Armando/B-9828-2013; Conte, Annamaria/H-5869-2016 OI Giovannini, Armando/0000-0001-5006-5564; Conte, Annamaria/0000-0001-6975-2698 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1737 EP 1753 DI 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00563.x PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 886NO UT WOS:000226235800027 PM 15660625 ER PT J AU Terra, JA Shaw, JN Reeves, DW Raper, RL van Santen, E Mask, PL AF Terra, JA Shaw, JN Reeves, DW Raper, RL van Santen, E Mask, PL TI Soil carbon relationships with terrain attributes, electrical conductivity, and a soil survey in a coastal plain landscape SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon; terrain attributes; ultisols ID MANAGEMENT ZONES; ORGANIC-MATTER; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; MAPS; SEQUESTRATION; DELINEATION; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; YIELD AB Soil organic carbon (SOC) estimation at the landscape level is critical for assessing impacts of management practices on C sequestration and soil quality. We determined relationships between SOC.. terrain attributes. field scale soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil texture and soil survey map units in a 9 ha coastal plain field (Aquic and Typic Paleudults) historically man, P aged by conventional means. The site was composite sampled for SOC (0-30 cm) within 18.3 X 8.5-m grids (n = 496). and two data sets were created from the original data. Ordinary kriging. co-kriging, regression kriging and multiple regression were used to develop SOC surfaces that were validated with an independent data set (n = 24) using the mean square error (MSE). The SOC was relatively low (26.13 Mg ha(-1)) and only moderately variable (CV = 21%), and showed high spatial dependence. Interpolation techniques produced similar SOC maps but the best predictor was ordinary kriging (MSE = 9.11 Mg-2 ha(-2)) while regression was the worst (MSE = 20.65 Mg-2 ha(-2)). Factor analysis indicated that the first three factors explained 57% of field variability; compound topographic index (CTI), slope, EC and soil textural fractions dominated these components. Elevation, slope, CTI, silt content and EC explained up to 50% of the SOC variability (P less than or equal to 0.01) suggesting that topography and historical erosion played a significant role in SOC distribution. Field subdivision into soil map units or k-mean clusters similarly decreased SOC variance (about 30%). The study suggests that terrain attributes and EC surveys can be used to differentiate zones of variable SOC content. which may be used as bench marks to evaluate field-level impact of management practices on C sequestration. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Natl Inst Agr Res INIA, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Natl Resource Conserv Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. USDA ARS, Soil Dynam Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. RP Shaw, JN (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM inshaw@acesag.auburn.edu NR 28 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 169 IS 12 BP 819 EP 831 DI 10.1097/00010694-200412000-00001 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 882BH UT WOS:000225913000001 ER PT J AU Charlson, DV Bailey, TB Cianzio, SR Shoemaker, RC AF Charlson, DV Bailey, TB Cianzio, SR Shoemaker, RC TI Breeding soybean for resistance to iron-deficiency chlorosis and soybean cyst nematode SO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants CY APR 11-15, 2004 CL Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Univ Tokyo DE Heterodera glycines; iron efficiency; quantitative traits; stress resistance breeding ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SCREENING SOYBEANS; CALCAREOUS SOILS; STRESS RESPONSE; MARKERS; BICARBONATE; EFFICIENCY; LOCUS AB Iron-deficiency chlorosis (IDC) and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) result in yield and income losses for soybean growers in the U.S. Breeding programs are identifying soybean genotypes with resistance to IDC using calcareous soils infested with SCN, where SCN might interfere with evaluation. Our first objective was to examine whether associations could be established for chlorosis symptoms with SCN infestation of soybean grown on SCN-infested calcareous soils. Two breeding populations, their parents, and five SCN-susceptible, IDC-control genotypes (IDC controls) were evaluated for IDC symptoms on SCN-infested calcareous soils in 2000 and 2001. In general, no significant correlations were detected between chlorosis expression and SCN infestation in either year, although a negative correlation (r = - 0.93, p less than or equal to 0.05) was observed for the IDC controls in 2001. For our second objective, we examined the relationship between genotype resistance to SCN and IDC. Although IDC controls were all equally susceptible to SCN and chlorosis observed in the field and nutrient solution was similar, SCN-resistant genotypes expressed resistance to IDC in the field, but severe susceptibility to IDC in nutrient solution. Our third objective was to investigate the value of calcareous soil properties to predict IDC in soybean grown on SCN-infested calcareous soils. For one breeding population in 2001, positive correlations (p less than or equal to 0.05) were detected for chlorosis with calcium carbonate (r = 0.62) and electrical conductivity (r = 0.59), and a negative correlation (r = -0.41) with soil Fe-DTPA-TEA. No significant correlations were observed for the remaining genotypes. Our study indicated that associations between IDC, SCN, and calcareous soil properties are dependent on genotype and environment. In addition, our study demonstrated a potential association between plant health and SCN reproduction in SCN-susceptible genotypes, the possibility that SCN-resistant genotypes may be sensitive to iron availability, and the importance of genotype on the detection of associations between IDC expression and SCN infestation. C1 Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Agron Dept, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cianzio, SR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, 2101 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU JAPANESE SOC SOIL SCIENCE PLANT NUTRITION PI TOKYO PA BUSINESS CENTER ACAD SOC JAPAN 16-9, HONKOMAGOME 5-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 0038-0768 J9 SOIL SCI PLANT NUTR JI Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1055 EP 1062 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 878NF UT WOS:000225652800016 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Clapp, CE Magen, H AF Chen, Y Clapp, CE Magen, H TI Mechanisms of plant growth stimulation by humic substances: The role of organo-iron complexes SO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants CY APR 11-15, 2004 CL Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Univ Tokyo DE humic substances; iron complexes; plant growth; ryegrass; soybean ID IRON; CUCUMBER; SOILS; SIDEROPHORE; STRATEGIES; MANURE; ACID AB Stimulatory effects of humic substances (HS) on plant growth have been observed and widely documented. Studies have often shown positive effects on seed germination, root initiation and total plant biomass. The consistency of these observations has been uncertain, predominantly due to the lack of understanding of the plant growth promotion mechanism. Often these effects have been attributed to a direct effect of plant growth hormones; whereas in other instances the term "hormone-like activity" has been used to describe the plant growth stimulation (Chen and Aviad, Humic Substances in Soil and Crop Sciences: Selected Readings, American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 1990; Nardi et al., Humic Substances in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Elsevier Science B.V., 1996). Yet, investigators have been unable to prove that plant growth regulators are present in HS preparations, or the evidence provided remains unconvincing. An alternative hypothesis suggesting that growth enhancement of plants grown in nutrient solution (NS) containing HS is the result of improved micronutrient availability, Fe in particular, has been postulated and tested in the present study. Nutrient solutions containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Mo, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe at concentrations considered to be optimal for plant growth were tested for solubility of the Fe, Zn, and Mn, 7 days after preparation. In addition to control solutions at pH values of 5, 6, 7, and 7.5, 0 to 200 mg L-1 of leonardite humic acid (HA) were added to the solutions and they were tested for Fe and Zn solubility. The HA greatly enhanced the maintenance in solution of Fe, in all the tested solutions, and Zn at pH 7.5. Mn mostly remained in solution in its inorganic forms. Plant growth experiments were carried out on both dicotyledonous plants (melons and soybean) and monocotytedonous Poaceae plants (ryegrass), due to the major difference in their Fe uptake mechanism. Plants grown in the absence of Fe exhibited severe Fe deficiency that could only partially be corrected with the addition of mineral Fe salts. The addition of RA or fulvic acid (FA) without addition of Fe, and Zn resulted in partial growth enhancement and correction of Fe deficiency, or none of the two, in the various experiments. This suggests that the growth enhancement effect observed in solutions containing Fe, Zn, and HS was related to the micronutrients rather than to phytohormones. However, the addition of Fe, Zn and either EDTA, HA or FA resulted in healthy, chlorophyll rich plants and enhanced growth, thereby providing evidence that improved Fe, and possibly Zn nutrition is a major mechanism of plant growth stimulation by HS. The use of the term hormone-like activity could be the result of the similarity of the physiological effects obtained in plants enjoying sufficient supply of Fe and Zn. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Coll Agr Food & Environm Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, POB 12, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM yonachen@agri.huji.ac.il NR 34 TC 66 Z9 77 U1 7 U2 37 PU JAPANESE SOC SOIL SCIENCE PLANT NUTRITION PI TOKYO PA BUSINESS CENTER ACAD SOC JAPAN 16-9, HONKOMAGOME 5-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 0038-0768 J9 SOIL SCI PLANT NUTR JI Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1089 EP 1095 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 878NF UT WOS:000225652800021 ER PT J AU Vasconcelos, M Musetti, V Li, CM Datta, SK Grusak, MA AF Vasconcelos, M Musetti, V Li, CM Datta, SK Grusak, MA TI Functional analysis of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) transformed with an Arabidopsis thaliana ferric reductase (AtFRO2) SO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants CY APR 11-15, 2004 CL Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Univ Tokyo DE AtFRO2; iron; promoter; reductase; rice ID REGULATED METAL TRANSPORTER; IRON-DEFICIENCY; CHELATE REDUCTASE; NICOTIANAMINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; HORDEUM-VULGARE; PLANTS; BARLEY; PROMOTER; TRANSCRIPTION AB Iron deficient soils limit crop production on 25-30% of the world's arable land. Both grasses (Strategy II) and dicotyledonous crops (Strategy I) are susceptible to iron deficiency, but each respond to iron stress by different mechanisms. In order to acquire iron from the soil, Strategy I plants utilize an iron reduction and Fe2+ transporter system at the root level, whereas Strategy II plants use a phytosiderophore-based system. Unfortunately, in some grasses such as rice, the production of phytosiderophores is low, and thus their ability to survive in iron-deficient conditions is limited. To determine whether a Strategy I root reductase can function in a Strategy II plant, and enhance its iron acquisition, we inserted the FRO2 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtFRO2) into rice (Oryza sativa). Root reductase activity was determined and was found to be low in both transgenic and control plants grown at different iron concentrations. The low activity levels were attributed to the release of soluble reductants in the assay and not to membrane-localized root reductase activity. RT-PCR analysis of rice roots and shoots of plants grown hydroponically at different iron concentrations revealed no expression of the transgene. In this paper, we discuss the lack of functionality of the AtFRO2 gene in rice, and we perform a comparative study of the 0.6 kb promoter region by PlantCARE and PLACE analysis. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Int Rice Res Inst, Los Banos, Philippines. RP Vasconcelos, M (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Vasconcelos, Marta/F-3376-2013; Vasconcelos, Marta/I-8166-2013; OI Vasconcelos, Marta/0000-0002-5110-7006; Datta, Swapan/0000-0003-2961-8915 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU JAPANESE SOC SOIL SCIENCE PLANT NUTRITION PI TOKYO PA BUSINESS CENTER ACAD SOC JAPAN 16-9, HONKOMAGOME 5-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 0038-0768 J9 SOIL SCI PLANT NUTR JI Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1151 EP 1157 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 878NF UT WOS:000225652800030 ER PT J AU Rajkai, K Kabos, S van Genuchten, MT AF Rajkai, K Kabos, S van Genuchten, MT TI Estimating the water retention curve from soil properties: comparison of linear, nonlinear and concomitant variable methods SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Soil Physical Quality CY OCT 01-05, 2003 CL Pulawy, POLAND DE soil-water retention function; pedotransfer functions; unsaturated flow; soil quality ID BULK-DENSITY AB The unsaturated soil hydraulic functions involving the soil-water retention curve (SWRC) and the hydraulic conductivity provide useful integrated indices of soil quality. Existing and newly devised methods were used to formulate pedotransfer functions (PTFs) that predict the SWRC from readily available soil data. The PTFs were calibrated using a large soils database from Hungary. The database contains measured soil-water retention data, the dry bulk density, sand, silt and clay percentages, and the organic matter content of 305 soil layers from some 80 soil profiles. A three-parameter van Genuchten type function was fitted to the measured retention data to obtain SWRC parameters for each soil sample in the database. Using a quasi-random procedure, the database was divided into "evaluation" (EVAL) and "test" (TEST) parts containing 225 and 80 soil samples, respectively. Linear PTFs for the SWRC parameters were calculated for the EVAL database. The PTFs used for this purpose particle-size percentages, dry bulk density, organic matter content, and the sand/silt ratio, as well as simple transforms (such as logarithms and products) of these independent variables. Of the various independent variables, the eight most significant were used to calculate the different PTFs. A nonlinear (NL) predictive method was obtained by substituting the linear PTFs directly into the SWRC equation, and subsequently adjusting the PTF parameters to all retention data of the EVAL database. The estimation error (SSQ) and efficiency (EE) were used to compare the effectiveness of the linear and nonlinearly adjusted PTFs. We found that EE of the EVAL and the TEST databases increased by 4 and 7%, respectively, using the second nonlinear optimization approach. To further increase EE, one measured retention data point was used as an additional (concomitant) variable in the PTFs. Using the 20 kPa water retention data point in the linear PTFs improved the EE by about 25% for the TEST data set. Nonlinear adjustment of the concomitant variable PTF using the 20 kPa retention data point as concomitant variable produced the best PTF. This PTF produced EE values of 93 and 88% for the EVAL and TEST soil data sets, respectively. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Inst Soil Sci & Agr Chem, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary. USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Rajkai, K (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Inst Soil Sci & Agr Chem, PO 35, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary. EM krajkai@rissac.hu RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Rajkai, Kalman/B-3724-2014 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; NR 22 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 EI 1879-3444 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 79 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.07.003 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 880WZ UT WOS:000225822000003 ER PT J AU Kindler, D Hesler, L Elliott, N Royer, T Giles, K AF Kindler, D Hesler, L Elliott, N Royer, T Giles, K TI Seasonal abundance of rice root aphid in wheat and its effect on forage and grain yields SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; HOMOPTERA; VECTORS AB Aphid seasonal abundance in wheat, Triticum aestivum L., was studied over a two-year period in central Oklahoma with emphasis on the field abundance of the rice root aphid, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki). The rice leaf aphid, R. rufiabdominalis; corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch); oat bird-cherry aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.); and greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), colonized winter wheat in Oklahoma during the autumns of 2001 and 2001. During each of the two years, rice root aphids infested winter wheat soon after emergence and continued to increase in number on the fall seeded crop until mid-December, at which time populations peaked and then began to decline, so that aphids were difficult to find by early January. Rice root aphid populations of 3.6 aphids per tiller at the end of a 60-day infestation period significantly reduced the forage yield of wheat, which can result in a significant economic impact since approximately 67% of the 67 million acres of winter wheat grown each year in Oklahoma is grazed by cattle. Grain yield was not significantly reduced by a 60-day rice root aphid infestation. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Kindler, D (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RI Royer, Tom/D-9737-2016 OI Royer, Tom/0000-0003-0912-7115 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886FH UT WOS:000226211800001 ER PT J AU Hanna, A Schmidt, JO AF Hanna, A Schmidt, JO TI Effect of phagostimulants in artificial diets on honey bee feeding behavior SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; POLLEN; PREFERENCES; SURVIVAL AB The role of phagostimulants and diet formulation in dietary choices made by honey bees, Apis mellifera L., was studied in laboratory. Diets in which sucrose or pure glucose comprised the added carbohydrate sweetener rapidly lost water, hardened, and became difficult for the bees to eat. Reduction of the glucose level to 75% or less and replacement of sucrose with fructose yielded a soft, acceptable diet texture that lost little water and could be readily consumed by bees. A sugar combination of 50% fructose and 50% glucose appeared ideal for incorporation in bee diets. Feeding choice preference tests in 1-3 days old honeybees revealed that addition of phagostimulant increased diet consumption over untreated controls. Addition of as little as 1-5% pollen extract significantly enhanced dietary feeding behavior in all diets tested. Phagostimulant enhancement of seven commercial honey bee substitute diets or dietary ingredients was analyzed for nutritional potential in longevity tests. The diets differed in the time lengths of bee survival, suggesting potential differences among the nutritional values of the diets. A complicating factor was the presence of heavy infestations of varroa mites,Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman, on the bees. Phagostimulants derived from pollen appear to play an important role in feeding behavior of honey bees and the potential for developing more successful artificial diets for bees. C1 USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Hanna, A (reprint author), USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, ARS, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 253 EP 261 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886FH UT WOS:000226211800002 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Shapiro, JP Legaspi, BC AF Legaspi, JC Shapiro, JP Legaspi, BC TI Biochemical comparison of field and laboratory populations of Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) in Florida SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DIET C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, FAMU, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, FAMU, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 301 EP 303 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886FH UT WOS:000226211800008 ER PT J AU Ganey, JL AF Ganey, JL TI Thermal regimes of Mexican spotted owl nest stands SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ARIZONA AB To evaluate the hypothesis that spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) select habitats with cool microclimates to avoid high daytime temperatures, I sampled thermal regimes in nest areas used by Mexican spotted owls (S. o. lucida) in northern Arizona. I sampled air temperature at 30-min intervals in 30 pairs of nest and random sites from May through August and used the resulting thermal profiles to estimate a suite of diurnal temperature parameters. I estimated diurnal energy use and evaporative water loss, and compared these estimates and temperature parameters between nest and random areas. Owl nest areas were significantly cooler than random areas, and estimated evaporative water loss was significantly lower in nest areas than in random areas. In contrast, there was little difference in estimated diurnal energy use between nest and random areas. These results support the hypothesis that Mexican spotted owls select cool habitats. Use of these cooler habitats apparently reduces diurnal evaporative water loss relative to random areas, suggesting that water balance might be more important in habitat selection by spotted owls than previously realized. However, selection of cool nest areas apparently does not result in large energy savings, at least in this high-elevation study area (mean elevation at nest areas in this study was 2,230 m). C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ganey, JL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jganey@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 478 EP 486 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0478:TROMSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 887XC UT WOS:000226337800008 ER PT J AU Saunders, JA Mischke, S Leamy, EA Hemeida, AA AF Saunders, JA Mischke, S Leamy, EA Hemeida, AA TI Selection of international molecular standards for DNA fingerprinting of Theobroma cacao SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article AB A collaborative international program was initiated to identify and describe the genetic diversity of living germplasm collections of Theobroma cacao genotypes that are maintained in several international collections scattered throughout tropical cacao growing countries of the world. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA analysis was identified as the most appropriate molecular tool for DNA fingerprinting these collections during an international forum representing academic, government and industry scientists in the cacao community. Twenty-five SSR primers, which had been previously described, were evaluated as potential candidates to define an efficient, standardized, molecular fingerprinting protocol for T. cacao accessions. These primers have been evaluated for reliability, widespread distribution across the cacao genome, number of alleles produced by the SSR primers in cacao and their ability to discriminate between cacao accessions. Approximately 690 cacao accessions were used to evaluate the utility of these SSR primers as international molecular standards, and a small number of test samples of T. cacao were sent to two other independent laboratories for verification. DNA fragments were selectively amplified by PCR, using the SSR primers labeled with fluorescent dyes, and separated by capillary electrophoresis. Based on this study, the 15 SSR primers that had the highest reproducibility and consistency within a common genotype, while allowing the differentiation of separate divergent genotypes, were selected as international molecular standards for DNA fingerprinting of T. cacao. C1 Towson Univ, Mol Biol Biochem & Bioinformat Program, Towson, MD 21252 USA. ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Menoufia Univ, Genet Engn & Biotechnol Res Inst, Sadat City, Egypt. RP Saunders, JA (reprint author), Towson Univ, Mol Biol Biochem & Bioinformat Program, Smith Hall Rm 360,8,000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM jsaunders@towson.en RI Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Research Institute /E-7221-2017 NR 18 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 110 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1762-1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 892DL UT WOS:000226629900004 PM 15551041 ER PT J AU Jones, MW Redinbaugh, MG Anderson, RJ Louie, R AF Jones, MW Redinbaugh, MG Anderson, RJ Louie, R TI Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to maize chlorotic dwarf virus SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO ETCH VIRUS; LONG-DISTANCE MOVEMENT; SUGARCANE MOSAIC-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS RTM1; ZEA-MAYS; GENE; CORN; INHERITANCE; GERMPLASM AB Ineffective screening methods and low levels of disease resistance have hampered genetic analysis of maize (Zea mays L.) resistance to disease caused by maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV). Progeny from a cross between the highly resistant maize inbred line Oh1VI and the susceptible inbred line Va35 were evaluated for MCDV symptoms after multiple virus inoculations, using the viral vector Graminella nigrifrons. Symptom severity scores from three rating dates were used to calculate area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) scores for vein banding, leaf twist and tear, and whorl chlorosis. AUDPC scores for the F-2 population indicated that MCDV resistance was quantitatively inherited. Genotypic and phenotypic analyses of 314 F-2 individuals were compared using composite interval mapping (CIM) and analysis of variance. CIM identified two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 3 and 10 and two minor QTL on chromosomes 4 and 6. Resistance was additive, with alleles from Oh1VI at the loci on chromosomes 3 and 10 contributing equally to resistance. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, ARS Corn & Soybean Res, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Redinbaugh, MG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM redinbaugh.2@osu.edu RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 110 IS 1 BP 48 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1757-y PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 892DL UT WOS:000226629900005 PM 15551042 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Walker, DR Cregan, PB Boerma, HR AF Lee, SH Walker, DR Cregan, PB Boerma, HR TI Comparison of four flow cytometric SNP detection assays and their use in plant improvement SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; DNA; PHARMACOGENOMICS; TECHNOLOGY; PLATFORM; LINKAGE; CIMMYT; COSTS AB Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are attractive DNA markers due to their abundance and potential for use in automated high-throughput genotyping. Numerous SNP genotyping assays have been developed, but it is unclear which assays are best suited and most efficient for various types of plant improvement research. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy, efficiency, and cost of four SNP genotyping assays: single-base extension (SBE), allele-specific primer extension (ASPE), oligonucleotide ligation (OL), and direct hybridization (DH). All four assay methods used the same Luminex 100 flow cytometer platform. Fifty-eight F-2-derived soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines from a cross between inbred lines G99-G725 and N00-3350 were genotyped at four SNPs. SBE and ASPE clearly differentiated between the two homozygotes and the heterozygote at each SNP. Results were in agreement with those identified using the SNaPshot minisequencing assay as a control. In contrast, the OL and DH assays were unable to differentiate between genotypes at some of the SNPs. However, when the cost per data point for the four different assays was compared, the cost of OL and DH was only about 70% of that for SBE, with DH requiring the least time of the four assays. On the basis of cost and labor, ASPE is more cost-effective and simpler than SBE, and would therefore be a good method for genetic mapping and diversity studies which require a large number of markers and a high level of multiplexing. DH appears to be the most economical assay for marker-assisted selection, though optimization for DH would be required for some SNP markers. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Plant Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Walker, DR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 111 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM drwalker@uga.edu NR 28 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 110 IS 1 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1827-1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 892DL UT WOS:000226629900017 PM 15551036 ER PT J AU Roberge, M Hakk, H Larsen, G AF Roberge, M Hakk, H Larsen, G TI Atrazine is a competitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterase but does not affect the estrogen receptor SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence polarization; cAMP; 5 '-AMP; PDE; aromatase; atrazine ID CYCLIC-NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE; ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA-CELLS; AROMATASE CYP19 ACTIVITY; ADENYLYL-CYCLASE; THYROID-FUNCTION; WISTAR RATS; AMP; CHROMATOGRAPHY; METAMORPHOSIS; METABOLITES AB Atrazine (ATR), 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine, has been implicated in numerous studies to act as an endocrine disruptor, specifically by altering estradiol signaling via increased aromatase activity. Fluorescence polarization (FP) was used to show that the binding equilibria between estrogen receptor-a or estrogen receptor-beta, and estradiol were not affected by ATR and its metabolites: ATR-desethyl (ADE), ATR-desisopropyl (ADI), ATR-desethyidesisopropyl (ADD) and terbuthylazine (TBZ). Therefore, ATR and its degradation products were studied to determine their ability to inhibit phosphodiesterase (PDE), the enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing the second messenger cAMP to 5'-AMP. Using FP, it was found that ATR inhibited PDE with an IC50 value of 1.8 muM. This was lower than the known PDE inhibitor isobutyl methylxanthine (IBMX), which had an IC50 value of 4.6 muM. The ATR degradation products ADE, ADI, ADD and TBZ were less effective than ATR at inhibiting PDE when assayed using FP. Classical competitive binding assays, using radiolabeled C-14-cAMP in conjunction with thin layer chromatography (TLC), were used to determine that ATR was a competitive inhibitor of PDE with an association constant of 85 muM. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Larsen, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM larseng@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 154 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.07.005 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 865DL UT WOS:000224682600007 PM 15475179 ER PT J AU Coleman, MD Friend, AL Kern, CC AF Coleman, MD Friend, AL Kern, CC TI Carbon allocation and nitrogen acquisition in a developing Populus deltoides plantation SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE belowground allocation; carbon sequestration; functional equilibrium; ontogenetic drift; phytoremediation; short rotation woody crops; specific nutrient uptake ID PINUS-RADIATA PLANTATION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; BIOMASS DISTRIBUTION; EUCALYPTUS-GRANDIS; UPTAKE KINETICS; CO2 ENRICHMENT; USE EFFICIENCY; DOUGLAS-FIR; GROWTH; NUTRIENT AB We established Populus deltoides Bartr. stands differing in nitrogen (N) availability and tested if: (1) N-induced carbon (C) allocation could be explained by developmental allocation controls; and (2) N uptake per unit root mass, i.e., specific N-uptake rate, increased with N availability. Closely spaced (1 x 1 m) stands were treated with 50, 100 and 200 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) of time-release balanced fertilizer (50N, 100N and 200N) and compared with unfertilized controls (ON). Measurements were made during two complete growing seasons from May 1998 through October 1999. Repeated nondestructive measurements were carried out to determine stem height and diameter, leaf area and fine-root dynamics. In October of both years, above- and belowground biomass was harvested, including soil cores for fine-root biomass. Leaves were harvested in July 1999. Harvested tissues were analyzed for C and N content. Nondestructive stem diameter and and fine-root dynamic measurements were combined with destructive harvest data to estimate whole-tree biomass and N content at the end of the year, and to estimate specific N-uptake rates during the 1999 growing season. Shoot growth response was greater in fertilized trees than in control trees; however, the 100N and 200N treatments did not enhance growth more than the 50N treatment. Root biomass proportions decreased over time and with increasing fertilizer treatment. Fertilizer-induced changes in allocation were explained by accelerated development. Specific N-uptake rates increased during the growing season and were higher for fertilized trees than for control trees. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Coleman, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29801 USA. EM mcoleman01@fs.fed.us RI Kern, Christel/B-4847-2012; Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 67 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 20 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1347 EP 1357 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 877ST UT WOS:000225591200004 PM 15465697 ER PT J AU Srivastava, V Ow, DW AF Srivastava, V Ow, DW TI Marker-free site-specific gene integration in plants SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AGROBACTERIUM T-DNA; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EXPRESSION; EXCISION; GENOME; CRE; RECOMBINASE; RICE AB For nearly 15 years, the use of site-specific recombination systems in plants has focused on the deletion or integration of DNA. Each of these applications offers practical solutions to two problems in biotechnology: the presence of unneeded DNA in the transgene locus and variation in the locus structure among independent transgenic lines. Given that each of these separate applications is becoming more practical for commercial use, it is time to consider combining them into an integrated technology. Here we propose a strategy for a 'combined step' method that makes use of two site-specific recombination systems: one for integrating the DNA and a second for removing sequences that are not needed after DNA transfer. This strategy is based on published data and exemplifies the use of the Cre-Iox, FLP-FRT and R-RS inducible systems. C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Srivastava, V (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM vibhas@uark.edu NR 15 TC 44 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 22 IS 12 BP 627 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.10.002 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 880GZ UT WOS:000225778300008 PM 15542152 ER PT J AU Traub-Dargatz, JL Dargatz, DA Morley, PS Dunowska, M AF Traub-Dargatz, JL Dargatz, DA Morley, PS Dunowska, M TI An overview of infection control strategies for equine facilities, with an emphasis on veterinary hospitals SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-EQUINE PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID HORSES; SALMONELLOSIS; OUTBREAK; CATTLE AB Infection control entails preventing or minimizing exposure to infectious agents or optimizing resistance to infection at the individual and population levels should exposure occur. The degree to which each of these strategies is applied varies according to the attributes of the disease agent and the population at risk. In developing an infection control, biosecurity, or biocontainment plan, it is important to decide which agent or agents are to be controlled, the method by which they might be introduced to the individual or population, and methods by which they might spread once at a farm or veterinary clinic. C1 Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Traub-Dargatz, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jtraub1@colostate.edu RI Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009 OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-0739 J9 VET CLIN N AM-EQUINE JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Equine Pract. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 507 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cveq.2004.07.004 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 872ZZ UT WOS:000225249700003 PM 15519814 ER PT J AU Dargatz, DA Traub-Dargatz, JL AF Dargatz, DA Traub-Dargatz, JL TI Multidrug-resistant Salmonella and nosocomial infections SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-EQUINE PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; EQUINE SALMONELLOSIS; MAR LOCUS; HORSES; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANATUM AB Nosocomial salmonellosis is of significant concern in veterinary medicine. Sporadic cases and outbreaks involving a variety of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella spp have been reported. A variety of mechanisms can be involved in the development of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial use in equine hospitals may provide selection pressure on the enteric and environmental microflora, allowing for the emergence and persistence of MDR salmonellae. Although pathogenicity is not necessarily tied to resistance traits, morbidity and mortality can be affected, because infections caused by resistant strains may not respond to initial empiric antimicrobial treatment and selection of the appropriate antimicrobial may be difficult in cases in which antimicrobial treatment is indicated. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dargatz, DA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg MS 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM david.a.dargatz@aphis.usda.gov NR 25 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0739 J9 VET CLIN N AM-EQUINE JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Equine Pract. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 587 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cveq.2004.07.008 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 872ZZ UT WOS:000225249700009 PM 15519820 ER PT J AU Wyss, GS Charudattan, R Rosskopf, EN Littell, RC AF Wyss, GS Charudattan, R Rosskopf, EN Littell, RC TI Effects of selected pesticides and adjuvants on germination and vegetative growth of Phomopsis amaranthicola, a biocontrol agent for Amaranthus spp. SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adjuvant; Amaranthus spp; bioherbicide; biological control; compatibility; herbicide; fungicide; insecticide; Phomopsis amaranthicola ID MALLOW MALVA-PUSILLA; F SP MALVAE; HERBICIDES; BIOHERBICIDE; COMPATIBILITY; RETROFLEXUS; WEEDS AB Phomopsis amaranthicola, a bioherbicide agent for Amaranthus spp., was tested in vitro for its compatibility with commercial formulations of 16 adjuvants, 24 herbicides, nine fungicides and four insecticides at 2X, 1X (highest labelled product dose rate), 0.75X, 0.5X and 0.25X concentrations. These chemicals were tested for their effects on spore germination. Selected herbicides and fungicides at 1X were also tested for their influence on colony growth and sporulation. All tested compounds were finally categorized in compatibility classes regarding germination, mycelial growth and sporulation such as low, medium and high compatibility. High compatibility in terms of germination and fungal colony growth was only observed with the herbicide bentazone. Many of the adjuvants tested were highly compatible in the germination studies. Most fungicides and insecticides had medium and low compatibility with P. amaranthicola. Effects of pesticides on spore germination did not fully correspond with their effects on colony growth. Thus, it is possible to integrate the use of P. amaranthicola with some herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and adjuvants but not others. A case-by-case selection of application methods, such as tank-mix or sequential application, along with proper timing of applications of the fungus and the chemical agents will be necessary. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wyss, GS (reprint author), Res Inst Organ Agr FiBL, Postfach,Ackerstr, CH-5070 Frick, Switzerland. EM gabriela.wyss@fibl.org NR 34 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 469 EP 482 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00425.x PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 874OW UT WOS:000225360700007 ER PT J AU Vasilas, B Vasilas, L Thompson, J Rizzo, A Fuhrmann, J Evans, T Pesek, J Kunkle, K AF Vasilas, B Vasilas, L Thompson, J Rizzo, A Fuhrmann, J Evans, T Pesek, J Kunkle, K TI Ectomycorrhizal mantles as indicators of hydrology for jurisdictional wetland determinations SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE ectomycorrhizae; mantles; seasonally-saturated wetlands; hydrology indicators; drained hydric soils; wetland delineation ID MYCORRHIZAE; WATER; FUNGI; SOIL AB Ectomycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships between soil fungi and higher plants. Evidence of the symbiosis is the presence of a 'mantle,' a hyphal layer that covers root tips, and a change in root morphology. The potential use of ectomycorrhizal mantles as hydrology indicators for wetland determinations was evaluated on the Delmarva Coastal Plain (Delaware and eastern shores of Maryland and Virginia, USA) over three seasons. In theory, the distribution of mantles with soil depth should vary from uplands to wetlands in most years, as mantle development is considered to be impeded by anaerobic conditions. At four forested locations, plots were set up in seasonally-saturated wetlands and adjacent uplands and drained wetlands (twelve sub-sites). Plots were evaluated according to the Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual for soils, plant community, and hydrology to identify a jurisdictional classification. Hydrology was further addressed using automated monitoring wells (twice daily readings), and anaerobic conditions were confirmed via platinum electrodes. Plant roots (Pinus taeda was targeted) were sampled via spade slices in March and August each year and separated by depth: 0 horizon, 0-5 cm, 510 cm, 10-15 cm, and 15-20 cm. Roots were evaluated for the presence of mantles. A threshold depth of 5 cm was identified. From a total of 892 roots with mantles in uplands (including effectively-drained wetland sub-sites), 253 (28%) were found below the threshold depth. For wetlands (including one ineffectively-drained wetland), seven of 331 roots with mantles (2%) were found below the threshold depth. Temporal and spatial variability in mantle data was common; however, mantles consistently occurred at greater depths where seasonally high water tables were lower. We concluded that mantle depth has potential as a hydrology indicator. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv 339, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Maryland Dept Environm, Wetlands & Waterways Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Food & Resource Econ, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Vasilas, B (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Townsend Hall,541 S Coll Ave, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 784 EP 795 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0784:EMAIOH]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886WW UT WOS:000226264700008 ER PT J AU Wagner, RG Newton, M Cole, EC Miller, JH Shiver, BD AF Wagner, RG Newton, M Cole, EC Miller, JH Shiver, BD TI The role of herbicides for enhancing forest productivity and conserving land for biodiversity in North America SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 10, 2003 CL Burlington, VT SP Wildlife Soc DE forest plantations; forest vegetation management; growth and yield; high-yield conservation; intensive silviculture ID LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATIONS; HERBACEOUS WEED-CONTROL; VEGETATION MANAGEMENT; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; RELEASE TREATMENTS; SITE PREPARATION; STAND DYNAMICS; GROWTH; MIDROTATION; RESPONSES AB Herbicide technology has evolved with forest management in North America over the past 60 years and has become an integral part of modern forestry practice. Forest managers have prescribed herbicides to increase reforestation success and long-term timber yields. Wildlife managers and others interested in conserving biodiversity, however, have often viewed herbicide use as conflicting with their objectives. Do herbicides increase forest productivity, and are they compatible with the objectives of wildlife management and biodiversity conservation? Results from the longest-term studies (10-30 years) in North America suggest that the range of wood volume yield gains from effectively managing forest vegetation (primarily using herbicides) is 30-450% in Pacific Northwest forests, 10-150% in the southeastern forests, and 50-450% in northern forests. Most of the 23 studies examined indicated 30-300% increases in wood volume yield for major commercial tree species and that gains were relatively consistent for a wide range of site conditions. Meeting future demands for wildlife habitat and biodiversity conservation will require that society's growing demand for wood be satisfied on a shrinking forestland base. Increased fiber yields from intensively managed plantations, which include the use of herbicides, will be a crucial part of the solution. If herbicides are properly used, current research indicates that the negative effects on wildlife usually are short-term and that herbicides can be used to meet wildlife habitat objectives. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Forest Ecosyst Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wagner, RG (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Forest Ecosyst Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM bob_wagner@umenfa.maine.edu NR 100 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1028 EP 1041 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1028:TROHFE]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 905QV UT WOS:000227585400004 ER PT J AU Miller, KV Miller, JH AF Miller, KV Miller, JH TI Forestry herbicide influences on biodiversity and wildlife habitat in southern forests SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 10, 2003 CL Burlington, VT SP Wildlife Soc DE biodiversity; habitat; herbicide; release treatment; site preparation; Southeast; wildlife ID PINE PLANTATIONS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SITE PREPARATION; STAND DYNAMICS; DIVERSITY; PIEDMONT; BIRDS AB In the southern United States, herbicide use continues to increase for timber management in commercial pine (Pinus spp.) plantations, for modifying wildlife habitats, and for invasive plant control. Several studies have reported that single applications of forestry herbicides at stand initiation have minor and temporary impacts on plant communities and wildlife habitat conditions, with some reports of enhanced habitat conditions for both game and nongame species. Due to the high resiliency of floral communities, plant species richness and diversity rebound rapidly after single herbicide treatments, with short- and long-term compositional shifts according to the selectivity and efficacy of the herbicide used. Recently, however, a shift to the Southeast in North American timber supplies has resulted in increased forest management intensity. Current site-preparation techniques rely on herbicide combinations, often coupled with mechanical treatments and >= 1 years of post-planting applications to enhance the spectrum and duration of vegetation control. This near-total control of associated vegetation at establishment and more rapid pine canopy closure, coupled with shortened and repeated rotations, likely will affect plant diversity and wildlife habitat quality Development of mitigation methods at the stand and landscape levels will be required to minimize vegetative and wildlife impacts while allowing continued improvement in pine productivity. More uncertain are long-term impacts of increasing invasive plant occupation and the projected increase in herbicide use that will be needed to reverse this worsening situation. In addition, the potential of herbicides to meet wildlife management objectives in areas where traditional techniques have high social costs (e.g., prescribed fire) should be fully explored. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Miller, KV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM kmiller@smokey.forestry.uga.edu NR 72 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1049 EP 1060 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1049:FHIOBA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 905QV UT WOS:000227585400006 ER PT J AU Welch, JR Miller, KV Palmer, WE Harrington, TB AF Welch, JR Miller, KV Palmer, WE Harrington, TB TI Response of understory vegetation important to the northern bobwhite following imazapyr and mechanical treatments SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 10, 2003 CL Burlington, VT SP Wildlife Soc DE Arsenal (R); Colinus virginianus; habitat; herbicide; imazapyr; northern bobwhite; vegetation ID BREEDING BIRD RESPONSE AB In southern pine (Pinus spp.) stands, managers have used a variety of treatments to control hardwood encroachment and improve habitat conditions for northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). We compared use of the herbicide Arsenal (R) (BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, N.C.) (imazapyr) and traditional mechanical treatments, with and without fire, to control hardwood encroachment on study sites on Tall Timbers Research Station in the Red Hills Region near Tallahassee, Florida. Hardwood stem density decreased on herbicide and herbicide+burn plots but increased on all mechanically treated plots at 1 year after treatment. Herbicide and herbicide+burn treatments resulted in a > 3-fold increase in forb coverage 1 year after treatment, whereas forb coverage did not increase in mechanically treated plots. A single application of imazapyr, with or without prescribed fire, can control hardwood encroachment and stimulate herbaceous species growth. Following treatment, vegetative communities likely can be maintained for prolonged periods by using traditional methods such as prescribed fire. C1 Oregon State Univ, Fish & Wildlife Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Welch, JR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Fish & Wildlife Dept, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kmiller@smokey.forestry.uga.edu NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1071 EP 1076 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1071:ROUVIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 905QV UT WOS:000227585400008 ER PT J AU Naylor, LM Kie, JG AF Naylor, LM Kie, JG TI Monitoring activity of Rocky Mountain elk using recording accelerometers SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE activity; Actiwatch (TM); behavior; Cervus elaphus; Rocky Mountain elk ID MULE DEER; CATTLE AB We used motion-sensitive, recording accelerometers (Actiwatch (TM),Mini Mitter Company Inc., Sunriver, Oreg.) to estimate behaviors of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsonii). We placed rebroadcast LORAN-C radiocollars containing Actiwatches on 8 tame elk and recorded their observed behavior for 5,324 minutes over 27 trials in a natural setting. Concurrently, Actiwatches were summarizing and recording acceleration data at 1 minute time intervals. We reduced behaviors to 3 categories: resting, feeding, and traveling. During trials elk spent 62.9% of the time resting, 36.3% feeding, and 0.8% traveling. Actiwatch readings were lowest during resting, higher during feeding, and highest when elk were traveling. Discriminant function analysis correctly classified 88% of the 1-minute intervals (98% for resting minutes, 72% for feeding, and 68% for traveling). Based on Actiwatch data, the estimated time in each trial devoted to resting, feeding, and traveling was correlated with actual, observed minutes in each behavior class (r = 0.95). We also tested the ability of Actiwatches to accurately estimate the most frequent behavior within 10-minute intervals. Using break-points determined by a discriminant function analysis of 1-minute data multiplied by a factor of 10, we successfully classified dominant behaviors 87% of the time. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Naylor, LM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM naylorl@onid.orst.edu; jkie@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1108 EP 1113 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1108:MAORME]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 905QV UT WOS:000227585400013 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Laseter, BR Ford, WM Miller, KV AF Campbell, TA Laseter, BR Ford, WM Miller, KV TI Feasibility of localized management to control white-tailed deer in forest regeneration areas SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Appalachians; dispersal; localized management; Odocoileus virginianus; site fidelity; white-tailed deer ID HOME-RANGE; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; DYNAMICS; POPULATIONS AB The deleterious effects of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on forest regeneration are well documented in many forested systems, but potential solutions to these problems on remote landholdings are limited in number and scope. Localized management proposes that a persistent area (< 2 km(2)) of low density can be created by removing all individuals within matriarchal social groups of white-tailed deer. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of using localized management as a tool within forest regeneration areas. We present a comparison of seasonal home-range and core-area size and site fidelity of 148 radiomonitored female white-tailed deer in a forested landscape of the central Appalachians of West Virginia. We also characterized seasonal movements and dispersal. Adult female winter home-range size exceeded those of summer and autumn. Female deer displayed high fidelity, with home-range and core-area overlap being less in autumn than in summer or winter. Dispersal occurred in 1 of 28 (3.6%) female fawns and no deer > 1 year old dispersed. Female white-tailed deer on our study site meet the a priori assumptions of localized management. We assert that experimental manipulations based on localized management concepts are prudent. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM tcampbell@smokey.forestry.uga.edu NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1124 EP 1131 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1124:FOLMTC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 905QV UT WOS:000227585400015 ER PT J AU Mitchell, BR Jaeger, MM Barrett, RH AF Mitchell, BR Jaeger, MM Barrett, RH TI Coyote depredation management: current methods and research needs SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyote; depredation; livestock; nonlethal control; population reduction; selective control; sheep ID LIVESTOCK PROTECTION COLLARS; DOMESTIC SHEEP; RELATIVE VULNERABILITY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; PREDATOR CONTROL; LOSSES; REMOVAL; STERILIZATION; EFFICACY; TEXAS AB This paper examines the severity of livestock depredation by coyotes (Canis latrans), reviews evidence implicating breeding (or "alpha") coyotes in the majority of incidents, evaluates currently used depredation control techniques, and suggests directions for future research. Nonlethal control ranges from varied animal husbandry practices to coyote behavioral modification or sterilization. These methods show significant promise but have not been proven effective in controlled experiments. Therefore, many livestock producers rely on lethal control, and most employ nonselective strategies aimed at local population reduction. Sometimes this approach is effective; other times it is not. This strategy can fail because the alpha coyotes, most likely to kill livestock, are the most resistant to nonselective removal techniques. An alternative is selective lethal control. Livestock Protection Collars (LPCs) and coyote calling are the primary selective lethal approaches. However, LPCs do not have support from the general public due to the toxicant used, and the factors affecting the selectivity of coyote calling have not been studied. The greatest impediments to effective coyote depredation management currently are a scarcity of selective control methods, our lack of understanding of the details of coyote behavioral ecology relative to livestock depredation and wild prey abundance, the absence of solid research examining the effectiveness of different control techniques in a variety of habitats and at multiple predation intensities, and the dearth of rigorous controlled experiments analyzing the operational efficacy of selective removal versus population reduction. C1 Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Coll Nat Reso, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mitchell, BR (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM brian.mitchell@uvm.edu NR 57 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 40 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1209 EP 1218 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1209:CDMCMA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 905QV UT WOS:000227585400024 ER PT J AU Bart, J Droege, S Geissler, P Peterjohn, B Ralph, CJ AF Bart, J Droege, S Geissler, P Peterjohn, B Ralph, CJ TI Density estimation in wildlife surveys SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bias; density estimation; distance methods; double-observer; double-sampling; estimation; indices; surveys; trends ID ABUNDANCE; COUNTS; TRENDS AB Several authors have recently discussed the problems with using index methods to estimate trends in population size. Some have expressed the view that index methods should virtually never be used. Others have responded by defending index methods and questioning whether better alternatives exist. We suggest that index methods are often a cost-effective component of valid wildlife monitoring but that double-sampling or another procedure that corrects for bias or establishes bounds on bias is essential. The common assertion that index methods require constant detection rates for trend estimation is mathematically incorrect; the requirement is no long-term trend in detection "ratios" (index result/parameter of interest), a requirement that is probably approximately met by many well-designed index surveys. We urge that more attention be given to defining bird density rigorously and in ways useful to managers. Once this is done, 4 sources of bias in density estimates may be distinguished: coverage, closure, surplus birds, and detection rates. Distance, double-observer, and removal methods do not reduce bias due to coverage, closure, or surplus birds. These methods may yield unbiased estimates of the number of birds present at the time of the survey, but only if their required assumptions are met, which we doubt occurs very often in practice. Double-sampling, in contrast, produces unbiased density estimates if the plots are randomly selected and estimates on the intensive surveys are unbiased. More work is needed, however, to determine the feasibility of double-sampling in different populations and habitats. We believe the tension that has developed over appropriate survey methods can best be resolved through increased appreciation of the mathematical aspects of indices, especially the effects of bias, and through studies in which candidate methods are evaluated against known numbers determined through intensive surveys. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Sci Staff, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Bart, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jon_bart@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1242 EP 1247 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1242:DEIWS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 905QV UT WOS:000227585400027 ER PT J AU Waldien, DL Cooley, MM Weikel, J Hayes, JP Maguire, CC Manning, T Maier, TJ AF Waldien, DL Cooley, MM Weikel, J Hayes, JP Maguire, CC Manning, T Maier, TJ TI Incidental captures of birds in small-mammal traps: a cautionary note for interdisciplinary studies SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE birds; incidental captures; interdisciplinary studies; mortality; nontarget captures; small-mammal traps; small-mammal trapping ID SELECTIVITY; REMOVAL; MATE AB Although benefits of interdisciplinary studies are numerous, potential exists for data acquisition for some aspects of such studies to impact data acquisition for other aspects. This may be particularly true in studies involving both trapping of small mammals and assessment of bird populations. We summarize the incidence of birds captured during 8 research projects in Massachusetts, Oregon, and Washington that used 5 types of small-mammal traps, and discuss possible impacts of small-mammal trapping on bird surveys and possible mitigation measures. In these studies, 867 birds representing 17 species were captured in 703,138 total trap-nights (TN). The song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), spotted towhee (Pipilo maculatus), Steller's jay (Cyanocitta stelleri), and gray jay (Perisoreus canadensis) accounted for 86% of all bird captures; ground-foraging species accounted for 54% of all bird captures. Relatively high capture rates were observed in Sherman (H. B. Sherman Traps, Inc., Tallahassee, Flor.) and Tomahawk traps (Tomahawk Live Trap Co., Tomahawk, Wisc.) (4.1 and 9.8 birds/1,000 TN, respectively) in study 1, whereas pitfall and Ugglan (Grahnab, Ekhaga Marieholm, Hillerstorp, Sweden) traps had negligible captures (< 0.1 and 0.0 birds/1,000 TN, respectively) in 4 studies that used them. On 11 occasions capture rates in 1 stand on 1 day in study 1 ranged from 50.0-100.0 birds/1,000 TN. Despite relatively high capture rates of birds in Tomahawk and Sherman traps in 2 studies, the 6 other studies had limited avian captures in both these and all other trap types used. Variability in avian capture rates within trap types across studies makes it difficult to predict the time of year when and habitats where avian captures could occur. Therefore, researchers should be mindful of potential negative impacts of small-mammal trapping on avian aspects of research when designing interdisciplinary studies that include both avian and small-mammal components conducted simultaneously at the same sites. C1 Bat Conservat Int, Austin, TX 78716 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR 97310 USA. Univ Massachusetts, USDA, NE Res Stn, Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Waldien, DL (reprint author), Bat Conservat Int, Austin, TX 78716 USA. EM dwaldien@batcon.org RI Hayes, John/C-7967-2016 OI Hayes, John/0000-0002-6462-6876 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1260 EP 1268 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1260:ICOBIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 905QV UT WOS:000227585400030 ER PT J AU Stoleson, SH Kirschbaum, KJ Frank, J Atwood, CJ AF Stoleson, SH Kirschbaum, KJ Frank, J Atwood, CJ TI From the field: Integrating GPS, GIS, and avian call-response surveys using pocket PCs SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE avian survey; call-response; cerulean warbler; Dendroica cerulea; GIS; GPS; pocket PC C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. Allegheny Natl Forest, Warren, PA 16365 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Stoleson, SH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Old Rte 6,POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM sstoleson@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1309 EP 1312 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1309:FTFIGG]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 905QV UT WOS:000227585400036 ER PT J AU Harrison, CA Kilgo, JC AF Harrison, CA Kilgo, JC TI Short-term breeding bird response to two harvest practices in a bottomland hardwood forest SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GROUP-SELECTION; TREE RETENTION; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT; ADJACENT; RATES; DISPERSION; VEGETATION; PREDATION; DENSITY AB Clearcutting is the preferred timber harvest method in bottomland hardwood forests because it is most likely to result in regeneration of preferred species. However, clearcutting generally has negative impacts on forest birds. Patch-retention harvesting may provide similar silvicultural benefits, but its effects on birds are unknown. We surveyed breeding birds in uncut control, clearcut, and patch-retention treatment areas (11-13 ha) for one season prior to harvest and two seasons postharvest in a bottomland hardwood forest in the Lower Coastal Plain of southeastern South Carolina. Bird observations recorded along line transects were analyzed using the software EstimateS to estimate species richness and program Distance to estimate densities. We found greater species richness and bird densities in the patch-retention treatment than in the clearcut in both postharvest seasons. We detected no forest-interior birds in the clearcut after the harvest, but by the second postharvest season in the patch-retention treatment, the density of forest-interior birds had returned to approximately half of its preharvest level. Thus, based on density response, patch-retention harvesting appears to be less detrimental to forest birds than clearcutting. However, additional work is needed to determine whether retained patches influence avian survival and productivity. C1 USDA, Forest Serv So Res Stn, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA, Forest Serv So Res Stn, Forest Serv, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Harrison, CA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv So Res Stn, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 2730 Savannah Hwy, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM caharrison@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 116 IS 4 BP 314 EP 323 DI 10.1676/04-050 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 898TY UT WOS:000227100300005 ER PT J AU Elbehri, A MacDonald, S AF Elbehri, A MacDonald, S TI Estimating the impact of transgenic Bt cotton on West and Central Africa: A general equilibrium approach SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE cotton; biotechnology; crop productivity; West Africa; applied general equilibrium ID FARMERS; CHINA AB West and Central Africa (WCA)'s cotton sector is experiencing rising production costs and lower yields, reversing decades of growth. Declining input use, soil fertility and inefficient chemical pest controls are contributing factors. We evaluate the potential impact of Bt cotton on WCA using a multiregion general equilibrium model and multicountry estimates of Bt-induced productivity. We find that Bt cotton raises growers' returns, land value and welfare. Released labor from cotton is shifted to food crops hence reducing labor shortage constraints. Overall, results indicate that potential gross benefits from Bt cotton are Substantial for WCA cotton sector, and that the economic costs of nonadoption are equally significant. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Elbehri, A (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-750X J9 WORLD DEV JI World Dev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2049 EP 2064 DI 10.1016/j.worddev.2004.07.005 PG 16 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 878GY UT WOS:000225636000004 ER PT J AU Hardy, JP Melloh, R Koenig, G Marks, D Winstral, A Pomeroy, JW Link, T AF Hardy, JP Melloh, R Koenig, G Marks, D Winstral, A Pomeroy, JW Link, T TI Solar radiation transmission through conifer canopies SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE transmissivity of canopy to direct radiation; hemispherical photography; canopy light gaps; solar radiation; snowcover ID BOREAL FOREST; HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; LIGHT CLIMATE; AREA INDEX; STAND; MODEL; ALBEDO AB Energy budget dynamics under forest canopies are strongly influenced by the large spatial variability of radiative and turbulent transfers in this environment. Incoming solar radiation under canopies has a particularly high degree of spatial variability. Transmission of solar radiation through a forest canopy varies with the size and location of the canopy gaps, as well as canopy leaf area. Modeling this transmission has proven challenging owing to the highly variable nature of the gaps within and between tree crowns, particularly in discontinuous canopies. This study describes and simulates the solar variability incident on the snow surface beneath two conifer forests. Objectives of this work are (1) to evaluate the variability of incoming solar radiation data with respect to canopy structure and cloudiness, (2) to correlate measured solar radiation transmission with predicted solar transmission based on analysis of hemispherical photographs, and (3) to examine the impact of measured and predicted transmission factors on the seasonal net radiative exchanges and snow ablation, based on snow process modeling. Observations were made during the winters of 2002 and 2003 in two predominately lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands, one discontinuous and one relatively uniform, at the Local Scale Observation Site (LSOS) in Fraser, CO, USA, as part of the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). The canopy structure of all trees in the 0.8 ha triangular plot was measured and mapped in detail. We measured incoming global solar radiation at the snow surface beneath the discontinuous and the uniform canopies using arrays of 10 upward looking pyranometers at each site. Incoming global solar radiation was also measured above the canopy. Hemispherical photographs were taken with a Nikon Coolpix 995 with a fisheye converter at each radiometer location in both canopies, and were analyzed with Gap Light Analyzer (GLA) software. We found good agreement between measured and GLA-predicted transmissivities (r(2) = 0.86) when all data from both years were considered. Transmission factors derived from hemispheric photos and GLA software can be used to specify the distribution of solar flux under a canopy, instead of direct solar flux measurements, without degradation in snow model melt predictions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USDA, ARS, Boise, ID USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Hardy, JP (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM janet.p.hardy@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012; Pomeroy, John/A-8589-2013 OI Pomeroy, John/0000-0002-4782-7457 NR 35 TC 87 Z9 99 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 30 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.06.012 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 877WX UT WOS:000225606900005 ER PT J AU Cook, BD Davis, KJ Wang, WG Desai, A Berger, BW Teclaw, RM Martin, JG Bolstad, PV Bakwin, PS Yi, CX Heilman, W AF Cook, BD Davis, KJ Wang, WG Desai, A Berger, BW Teclaw, RM Martin, JG Bolstad, PV Bakwin, PS Yi, CX Heilman, W TI Carbon exchange and venting anomalies in an upland deciduous forest in northern Wisconsin, USA SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE eddy correlation; deciduous forest; carbon cycle; nocturnal boundary layer; evapotranspiration; stomatal closure ID ECOSYSTEM-ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; PONDEROSA PINE ECOSYSTEM; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; TRACE GAS-EXCHANGE; SOIL RESPIRATION; TALL TOWER AB Turbulent fluxes of carbon, water vapor, and temperature were continuously measured above an upland forest in north central Wisconsin during 1999 and 2000 using the eddy covariance method. Maple (Acer saccharum), basswood (Tilia americana), and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) species found in this forest also comprise a substantial portion of the landscape in the northern Great Lakes region and area, and it has been hypothesized that forests of this age (60-80 years) are responsible for net uptake of atmospheric CO2 over North America. Mean CO,, water vapor, and temperature profile measurements were used to improve flux estimates during periods of low turbulence, and were effective for friction velocities (u(*)) >0.3 m s(-1). Unique observations at this site included nighttime and early morning venting anomalies that seemed to originate from a seemingly homogenous area within the forest. These elevated NEE measurements, some as high as 80 mol m- s, appeared in valid turbulent flux observations for hours at a time, and provided circumstantial evidence for preferential venting and/or existence of pooled CO2 in low-lying areas. We observed that the forest was a moderate sink for atmospheric carbon, and cumulative NEE of CO2 was estimated to be -334 g C m(-2) year(-1) during 2000. Sensitivity to low-turbulence flux corrections was very small (21 g C m(-2) year(-1)), and discrepancies between annual estimates of NEE and NEP were similar to other sites. A normalized measure of ecosystem respiration, the free energy of activation, was presented and its seasonal variations were analyzed. Gross ecosystem production (GEP) was high (1165 g C m(-2) year(-1)) and ecosystem respiration (ER) was low (817 g C m(-2) year(-1)) in comparison to spatially integrated, landscape-scale observations from WLEF (914 and 1005 g C m(-2) year(-1), respectively), a 477 m tower located 22 km to the northeast [Glob. Change Biol. 9 (2003) 1278]. Forest transpiration was responsible for most of the water released to the atmosphere. Stomata closed under intense sunlight and high vapor pressure deficits (VPD > 1.5 kPa). Effect of stomotal closure on annual CO2 uptake was minimal due to adequate soil moisture and moderate VPD during the growing season. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Copper Mt Community Coll, Joshua Tree, CA 92252 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. CMDLI, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Cook, BD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 N Cleveland Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bcook@essc.psu.edu RI Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009; Martin, Jonathan/G-4558-2010; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Yi, Chuixiang/A-1388-2013; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008 OI Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041 NR 94 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 6 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 30 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.06.008 PG 25 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 877WX UT WOS:000225606900006 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MF LaPatra, S Williams, S Famula, T May, B AF Rodriguez, MF LaPatra, S Williams, S Famula, T May, B TI Genetic markers associated with resistance to infectious hematopoietic necrosis in rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) backcrosses SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE linkage map; QTL; IHNV; rainbow trout; steelhead; Oncorhynchus mykiss ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; DINUCLEOTIDE-REPEAT POLYMORPHISM; IHN VIRUS-RESISTANCE; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; LINKAGE MAP; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RAPID COMMUNICATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; JOINT SEGREGATION AB Backcrosses of rainbow trout and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were used to construct a linkage map and to identify associations between molecular markers and quantitative trait loci (QTL) determining resistance to infectious hematopoietic, necrosis virus (IHNV). The sire map covers 1019 centimorgans (cM), and it is composed of 257 molecular markers [185 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and 72 microsatellites] distributed over 28 linkage groups. The dam map consists of 236 markers (164 AFLPs and 72 microsatellites), with a total of 45 linkage groups, covering 2041 cM. Sixty-one new microsatellite markers were added to the existing rainbow trout linkage maps. Six AFLPs and six microsatellites in the dam map were associated with IHNV resistance and were located in linkage groups 3, 14, 16, 30, 31, and 39. Sixteen AFLPs and six microsatellites associated with IHNV resistance were located in linkage groups 11, 20, and 25 in the sire map. Microsatellite markers mapped to the three linkage groups were used to screen nine other families, and QTL-marker associations were observed for four of the markers in at least one of the families. Further marker mapping is required to increase resolution and to ultimately facilitate positional cloning of QTLs affecting IHNV resistance. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, NCCCWA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Clear Springs Food Inc, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. RP Rodriguez, MF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11876 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM frodriguez@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 43 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 26 PY 2004 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 93 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.08.003 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 870PR UT WOS:000225070700008 ER PT J AU Grattan, SR Grieve, CM Poss, JA Robinson, PH Suarez, DL Benes, SE AF Grattan, SR Grieve, CM Poss, JA Robinson, PH Suarez, DL Benes, SE TI Evaluation of salt-tolerant forages for sequential water reuse systems - I. Biomass production SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agronpyron elongatum; Cynodon dactylon; drainage water reuse; Lotus glaber; L. ulginosus; Medicago sativa; Paspalum vaginatum; Pennisetum clandestinum; Sporobolus airoides; salinity; salt-tolerance AB Reuse of saline drainage waters is a management option that has been suggested for the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California in order to reduce both the area affected by shallow water tables and the volume of drainage effluent requiring disposal. Salt-tolerant forages may play an important role in this strategy, while at the same time producing a food source for sheep and cattle. Crop selection for reuse systems, however, will depend upon production potential under saline-sodic conditions. To identify potentially suitable crops, a controlled study using an elaborate sand-tank system was conducted at the US Salinity Laboratory to evaluate ten promising forage crops irrigated with synthetic drainage waters dominated by Na2SO4 with an EC of either 15 or 25 dS/m each containing 500 mug/L Se and Mo as SeO42- and MoO42-. Forages were cut several times over the year-long duration of the experiment. The forage species tested performed differently in terms of absolute biomass accumulation and biomass production relative to salinity level. Cumulative biomass production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a relatively salt sensitive crop, was higher than most other forages at moderate salinity. As salinity increased to 25 dS/m, however, cumulative biomass of the alfalfa cultivars were reduced by nearly half whereas biomass of the most salt tolerant grasses was reduced between 0 and 20%. Although most forage species tested showed promise, those that performed particularly well based on biomass accumulation, overall salt-tolerance, and forage quality were 'Jose' tall wheatgrass, bermudagrass and 'PI 299042' paspalum. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Plant Sci, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Grieve, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM cgrieve@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.010 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 873ZR UT WOS:000225321200003 ER PT J AU Grieve, CM Poss, JA Grattan, SR Suarez, DL Benes, SE Robinson, PH AF Grieve, CM Poss, JA Grattan, SR Suarez, DL Benes, SE Robinson, PH TI Evaluation of salt-tolerant forages for sequential water reuse systems - II. Plant-ion relations SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE calcium; chloride; magnesium; potassium; sodium; sulfur ID SALINITY; CHLORIDE; RATIOS; SOILS AB Implementation of the saline drainage water reuse system proposed for the westside of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California requires development of sustainable cropping systems, which incorporate useful, salt-tolerant agronomic species. Ion composition in the saline drainage effluents present in the SJV is unique, with Na+, SO42-, Cl-, Mg2+ and Ca2+ predominating in that order. To identify potentially suitable crops for reuse systems, 10 forages were tested in greenhouse sand cultures located at USDA-ARS George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California. Crops were: alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cvs. 'Salado' and 'SW 9720% narrowleaf trefoil (Lotus glaber Greene) cv. 'PI 608022% broadleaf trefoil (L. ulginosus Schk.) cv. 'Big'; tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatuM (Host) Beauv.) cv. 'Jose'; alkali sacaton (Sporobolus airoides Tom); kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. Ex Chiov.) cv. 'Whittet'; paspalum (Paspalum vaginaturn Swartz) cvs. PI '299042' and 'Polo'; and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) cv. 'Tifton'. Two saline treatments, 15 and 25 dS m(-1), were imposed. Shoots were sub-sampled for mineral ion analysis when the forages were harvested. Patterns of shoot ion concentrations were unique for each species and varied with salinity level, external ion ratios, harvest date and plant age. Plant preference for K+ over Na+ did not appear to be a reliable predictor of salt tolerance. Salt-tolerant crops, such as kikuyugrass and bermudagrass, were highly selective for K+ (SK,Na - 200 to 400), whereas selectivity coefficients for the equally salt-tolerant grasses, alkali sacaton and tall wheatgrass, ranged from 20 to 40. The forages were highly selective for K+ over Mg2+ despite unusually low K:Mg2+ ratios in the external solutions. Total-S in the herbage was high and generally increased as external SO42- increased. Based on sustained nutritional health and lack of visual signs of toxicity or deficiency symptoms, several of the forages tested show promise as suitable candidates for the saline-sodic water reuse systems. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Plant Sci, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Grieve, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM cgrieve@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2 BP 121 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.012 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 873ZR UT WOS:000225321200004 ER PT J AU Grattan, SR Grieve, CM Poss, JA Robinson, PH Suarez, DL Benes, SE AF Grattan, SR Grieve, CM Poss, JA Robinson, PH Suarez, DL Benes, SE TI Evaluation of salt-tolerant forages for sequential water reuse systems - III. Potential implications for ruminant mineral nutrition SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE copper; drainage; mineral nutrition; molybdenum; reuse; salinity; selenium; sulfur ID MOLYBDENUM; MAGNESIUM; SULFUR; CROPS AB Reuse of drainage waters is an attractive management option that has been proposed for many irrigated agricultural areas. In California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV), however, drainage effluents are not only saline, but may also contain potentially toxic trace elements such as selenium and molybdenum. Crop suitability for reuse systems depends on the influence the sodium sulfate-dominated waters have on biomass production, plant sustainability, and mineral elements that are critically important for forage quality. Ten promising forage crops were grown in greenhouse sand cultures irrigated with synthetic drainage waters dominated by Na2SO4 with an EC of either 15 or 25 dS/m each containing 500 mug/L-2 Se and Mo as SeO42- and MoO4. Plant material was analyzed three times for mineral content and selected trace elements that may have a profound influence on ruminant health. Trace element concentrations indicate Se toxicity is of little concern, but that high concentrations of both Mo and S in the herbage may lead to Cu deficiency in ruminants. Similarly, high K/Mg and K/ (Ca + Mg) ratios in many of the legume and grass forages, respectively, indicate that there may be potential for development of sub-normal Mg levels (hypomagnesaemia) in ruminants. However, each of these disorders can be avoided or corrected with dietary supplements. The most concern regarding ruminant nutrition based on these data is sulfur toxicity. Sodium-sulfate dominated drainage waters will likely elevate forage S concentrations to levels that might cause excessive sulfide concentrations in the rumen and potentially lead to serious neurological disorders affecting animal health. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Plant Sci, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Grieve, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM cgrieve@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.011 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 873ZR UT WOS:000225321200005 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Arjo, WM Wagner, KK Furcolow, C Nolte, DL Johnston, JJ AF Stahl, RS Arjo, WM Wagner, KK Furcolow, C Nolte, DL Johnston, JJ TI Development of a high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy method for the determination of strychnine concentrations in insects used to assess potential risks to insectivores SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE strychnine; mass spectrometry; tertiary risk ID CARCASSES; TISSUE; PHASE; HPLC AB A high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) method was developed in support of a study to assess potential tertiary risks posed to insectivores by strychnine baited pocket gophers (Thomomys sp.). Necropholous insects are primary consumers of pocket gopher carcasses. A field study was conducted to collect insects from strychnine-baited and control pocket gopher carcasses. The majority of the insects collected were from the orders Diptera (flies, assayed separately as adults and larvae), Coleoptera (beetles), and Hymenoptera (ants and wasps, assayed separately). Samples (0.5 g) were extracted in acetic acid (2%) and analyzed with the mass spectrometer configured for tandem mass spectrometry. For most of the samples the strychnine concentrations were less than the method limit of detection. However, strychnine concentrations as high as 0.338, 0.341, 0.698, and 0.034 mug/g were detected in ants, fly adults, fly larvae, and beetles, respectively. This information collected with the HPLC/MS method is critical for assessing potential non-target hazards for insectivores. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHISWS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHISWS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Stahl, RS (reprint author), USDA, APHISWS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM randal.s.stahl@aphis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 811 IS 2 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.09.009 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 870JE UT WOS:000225052600022 PM 15522729 ER PT J AU Liu, WT Rooney, AP Xue, BY Roelofs, WL AF Liu, WT Rooney, AP Xue, BY Roelofs, WL TI Desaturases from the spotted fireworm moth (Choristoneura parallela) shed light on the evolutionary origins of novel moth sex pheromone desaturases SO GENE LA English DT Article DE phylogeny; evolution; yeast functional assay; cloning; mRNA; RT-PCR ID CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTH; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; LEAFROLLER MOTH; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; COMPONENTS; GENETICS; CLONING AB Six acyl-CoA desaturase-encoding cDNAs from mRNA isolated from the spotted fireworm moth, Choristoneura parallela (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were characterized and assayed for functionality. The expression levels of these cDNAs were determined in the pheromone gland and fat body by real-time PCR and the resulting patterns are in line with results from published studies on other moth sex pheromone desaturases. The cDNAs were found to correspond to six genes. Using both biochemical and phylogenetic analyses, four of these were found to belong to previously characterized desaturase functional groups [the Delta10,11, the Delta9 (16>18) and the Delta9 (18>16) groups]. A desaturase highly expressed in the pheromone gland was a novel E I I desaturase that was specific to 14-carbon precursor acids. The fifth gene [CpaZ9(14-26)] was found to display a novel Z9 activity indicating that it belongs to a new Delta9 functional group, whereas the sixth gene was determined to be nonfunctional with respect to desaturase activity. In accordance with previous studies, we find that desaturases of the A 10, 11 and A 14 groups, which are the fastest evolving desaturases and possess the novel pheromone biosynthetic function, are expressed primarily in the pheromone gland whereas all other desaturases, which do not possess the novel reproductive function, evolve more slowly and display the ancestral metabolic function and pattern of gene expression. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Roelofs, WL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM WLR1@cornell.edu NR 24 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD NOV 24 PY 2004 VL 342 IS 2 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2004.08.017 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 873PJ UT WOS:000225292600011 PM 15527989 ER PT J AU Blankenfeldt, W Kuzin, AP Skarina, T Korniyenko, Y Tong, L Bayer, P Janning, P Thomashow, LS Mavrod, DV AF Blankenfeldt, W Kuzin, AP Skarina, T Korniyenko, Y Tong, L Bayer, P Janning, P Thomashow, LS Mavrod, DV TI Structure and function of the phenazine biosynthetic protein PhzF from Pseudomonas fluorescens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE active site residues; catalytic activity; x-ray structure ID PHENAZINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; DIAMINOPIMELATE EPIMERASE; AERUGINOSA PYOCYANIN; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DIFFRACTION DATA; GENE; REPLACEMENT; REFINEMENT; BIOCONTROL; SYMMETRY AB Phenazines produced by Pseudomonas and Streptomyces spp. are heterocyclic nitrogen-containing metabolites with antibiotic, antitumor, and antiparasitic activity. The antibiotic properties of pyocyanin, produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were recognized in the 1890s, although this blue phenazine is now known to be a virulence factor in human disease. Despite their biological significance, the biosynthesis of phenazines is not fully understood. Here we present structural and functional studies of PhzF, an enzyme essential for phenazine synthesis in Pseudomonas spp. PhzF shares topology with diaminopimelate epimerase DapF but lacks the same catalytic residues. The structure of PhzF in complex with its substrate, trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, suggests that it is an isomerase using the conserved glutamate E45 to abstract a proton from C3 of the substrate. The proton is returned to C1 of the substrate after rearrangement of the double-bond system, yielding an enol that converts to the corresponding ketone. PhzF is a dimer that may be bifunctional, providing a shielded cavity for ketone dimerization via double Schiff-base formation to produce the phenazine scaffold. Our proposed mechanism is supported by mass and NMR spectroscopy. The results are discussed in the context of related structures and protein sequences of unknown biochemical function. C1 USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. Columbia Univ, NE Struct Genomics Consortium, Dept Biol Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Toronto, NE Struct Genomics Consortium, Ontario Canc Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Univ Toronto, NE Struct Genomics Consortium, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Thomashow, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM thomasho@mail.wsu.edu RI Bayer, Peter/B-8803-2009; Blankenfeldt, Wulf/F-8877-2010; OI Bayer, Peter/0000-0003-0435-7202; Blankenfeldt, Wulf/0000-0001-9886-9668; Tong, Liang/0000-0002-0563-6468 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62413, P50 GM062413] NR 33 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 23 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 47 BP 16431 EP 16436 DI 10.1073/pnas.0407371101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 874JT UT WOS:000225347400012 PM 15545603 ER PT J AU Gilmanov, TG Johnson, DA Saliendra, NZ Svejcar, TJ Angell, RF Clawson, KL AF Gilmanov, TG Johnson, DA Saliendra, NZ Svejcar, TJ Angell, RF Clawson, KL TI Winter CO2 fluxes above sagebrush-steppe ecosystems in Idaho and Oregon SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE winter CO2; flux; sagebrush steppe; artemisia; intermountain west; rangeland ecosystems; carbon cycle ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; SOIL RESPIRATION; ARCTIC TUNDRA; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; WATER-VAPOR; FROZEN SOIL; EXCHANGE; SNOW; GRASSLAND AB Sagebrush-steppe ecosystems cover more than 36 million ha in North America and represent an important economic and ecological resource. These ecosystems have a climate with an extended cold period that can last more than five months. The CO2 fluxes during this protracted cold period likely play an important role in determining annual fluxes in these ecosystems; however, few studies have measured continuous CO2 fluxes in sagebrush-steppe ecosystems during the winter. The objective of our study was to obtain continuous measurements Of CO2 fluxes during winter at representative sagebrush-steppe sites in the western USA and to study their relationships to environmental factors. Measurements Of CO2 fluxes were obtained using Bowen ratio/energy balance (BREB) techniques during the winter at two locations in Idaho and one location in Oregon. Average daily ecosystem respiration during the winter period (November 1-March 15) was 1.31 +/- 0.80 g CO2 m(-2) day(-1) and 1.23 +/- 1.19 g CO2 m(-2) day(-1) at the two Idaho sites and 0.68 +/- 0.56 g CO2 m(-2) day(-1) at the Oregon site. These values are well within the range of previously published results for similar ecosystems. Multivariate analyses showed that soil temperature, wind speed, and snow depth were the environmental factors most closely related to winter CO2 effluxes. Based on testing of empirical flux models, additional research will be required to develop mathematical models that reliably predict winter CO2 effluxes across a wide range of sagebrush-steppe sites. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Utah State Univ, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Field Res Duv, Air Resources Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Gilmanov, TG (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Box 2207B,Ag Hall 304, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM tagir_gilmanov@sdstate.edu RI Clawson, Kirk/C-5910-2016 OI Clawson, Kirk/0000-0002-8789-9607 NR 78 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 20 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.05.007 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 877WW UT WOS:000225606700006 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Reddy, VR Baker, JT Gitz, DC Timlin, DJ AF Kim, SH Reddy, VR Baker, JT Gitz, DC Timlin, DJ TI Quantification of photosynthetically active radiation inside sunlit growth chambers SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sunlit growth chambers; open-top chambers; PAR; reflectance; transmittance; model ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; GREENHOUSE; TRANSMISSION; TEMPERATURE; FACILITY; PLANT AB Outdoor growth chambers allow plants to be grown under sunlight while other environmental variables such as air temperature and CO2 concentration are controlled. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) inside these sunlit chambers could differ from ambient levels due to attenuations and reflections by the glazing materials. This study identified diurnal patterns and distribution of PAR inside various types of sunlit growth chambers, including soil-plant-atmosphere-research (SPAR) units using single-point and line quantum sensors. In comparison with the ambient levels, higher PAR was measured when reflections from the adjacent walls overlapped at specific locations in the SPAR unit. Within the crop growing area located in the northern part of a SPAR unit, daily integrals of PAR were between 93% and 105% of the ambient PAR on a clear day. A gradient in daily PAR existed, increasing from south to north inside the chamber. On a cloudy day, PAR within the crop growing area was between 92% and 95% of ambient PAR. A mathematical model was developed to predict incident PAR inside sunlit chambers. This model accounted for solar geometry, direct and diffuse radiations, chamber geometry, and the optical properties of the glazing material. The model was capable of simulating the diurnal patterns of PAR inside various types of sunlit chambers. The model predicted that the mean daily PAR inside sunlit chambers of acrylic sheets would usually be within 5% of the ambient PAR. Spatial distribution of the predicted daily PAR ranged from 75% to 120% of ambient levels inside various types of sunlit chambers including SPAR and open-top chambers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Bldg 001 Rm 342,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sookim@asrr.arsusda.gov RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 20 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.06.004 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 877WW UT WOS:000225606700009 ER PT J AU Trebbi, D McGrath, JM AF Trebbi, D McGrath, JM TI Fluorometric sucrose evaluation for sugar beet SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HPLC; fluorometry; enzymatic assay; glucose; sucrose; fructose; raffinose; sugar analysis; Amplex Red; resorufin ID ENZYMATIC ASSAY; GERMPLASM; ROOT; REGISTRATION; GROWTH AB Sucrose is the economic product from sugar beet. Disease resistance is often available in low-sucrose genotypes and, prior to the deployment of such novel genes as available into the cultivated spectrum, selection for increased sucrose content is required during introgression. The objective of this work was to evaluate a relatively rapid and inexpensive enzymatic-fluorometric microtiter plate assay for sucrose quantification in sugar beet root dry matter, both for progeny testing in the greenhouse and for evaluation of field-grown mother roots. As determined using HPLC, sucrose content in diverse populations of sugar and table beet assayed over various developmental stages ranged from 0.213 to 2.416 mmol g(-1) of dry matter, and these values were used as references for both refractometry and enzymatic-fluorometric assay. As expected, refractometric analysis generally overestimated sucrose content. Enzymatic-fluorometric analyses were reasonably well correlated with HPLC results for young greenhouse-grown root tissues (R-2 = 0.976), and less so with older field-grown roots (R-2 = 0.605), for unknown reasons. Enzymatic-fluorometric assays may be best deployed for progeny testing of young seedlings. C1 Michigan State Univ, Plant Breeding & Genet Grad Program, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeat & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP McGrath, JM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Plant Breeding & Genet Grad Program, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mitchmcg@msu.edu NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 17 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 23 BP 6862 EP 6867 DI 10.1021/jf048900c PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 870TD UT WOS:000225080100004 PM 15537287 ER PT J AU Lee, J Finn, CE Wrolstad, RE AF Lee, J Finn, CE Wrolstad, RE TI Comparison of anthocyanin pigment and other phenolic compounds of Vaccinium membranaceum and Vaccinium ovatum native to the pacific northwest of north America SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium; huckleberry; anthocyanins; phenolics; antioxiclant activity ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; BLUEBERRIES; FRUITS; ASSAY AB Two huckleberry species, Vaccinium membranaceum and Vaccinium ovatum, native to Pacific Northwestern North America, were evaluated for their total, and individual, anthocyanin and polyphenolic compositions. Vaccinium ovatum had greater total anthocyanin (ACY), total phenolics (TP), oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) than did V. membranaceum. The pH and degreesBrix were also higher in V. ovatum. Berry extracts from each species were separated into three different fractions-anthocyanin, polyphenolic, and sugar/ acid-by solid-phase extraction. The anthocyanin fractions of each species had the highest amount of ACY, TP, and antioxidant activity. Each species contained 15 anthocyanins (galactoside, glucoside, and arabinoside of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin) but in different proportions. Their anthocyanin profiles were similar by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (LC-DAD) and high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detections (LC-DAD-MS). Each species had a different polyphenolic profile. The polyphenolics of both species were mainly composed of cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonol glycosides. The major polyphenolic compound in V. membranaceum was neochlorogenic acid, and in V. ovatum, chlorogenic acid. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, ARS, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Wrolstad, RE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ron.wrolstad@oregonstate.edu RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 28 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 17 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 23 BP 7039 EP 7044 DI 10.1021/jf049108e PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 870TD UT WOS:000225080100032 PM 15537315 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD Johnson, WC Sumner, HR AF Wauchope, RD Johnson, WC Sumner, HR TI Foliar and soil deposition of pesticide sprays in peanuts and their washoff and runoff under simulated worst-case rainfall conditions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE peanut; Arachis hypogaea L.; chlorothalonil (tetrachloroisophthalonitrile); ethalfluralin [N-ethyl-N(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenami ne]; metolachlor[2-chloro-N(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl )acetamidel; pesticide runoff; pesticide washoff; rainfall simulation; nonpoint pollution ID COTTON PLANTS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SURFACE RUNOFF; RHODAMINE WT; WATER; ATRAZINE; METOLACHLOR; RETENTION; LOSSES; TRANSPORT AB There are few studies that relate the timing and amounts of pesticide washoff from plant foliage during rainfall to runoff losses at the edge of the field. We hypothesized that foliar deposits, if washed onto the soil slowly during rainfall, may then undergo less leaching during the period of infiltration that occurs prior to soil saturation and runoff, thus exhibiting larger runoff losses than pesticides on/in the soil at the beginning of rain. We measured the runoff of ethalfluralin, metolachlor, chlorothalonil, and rhodamine WT dye using simulated rainfall on 450 m(2) mesoplots planted in peanut. Ethalfluralin was applied preplant incorporated, and metolachlor was applied preemergence, on bare soil. Chlorothalonil and rhodamine WT were applied to the peanut canopy at maturity. Rainfall was simulated 24 h after each chemical application (in May and July, 1998, and May and August, 1999) using raindrop sprinklers, applying 5.5 +/- 0.5 cm over a 2 h period to create reasonable worst-case conditions; between 3 and 9 mm of runoff was generated. Volume-weighted average concentrations of chemicals in runoff were 7, 104, 163, and 179 ug L-1 for ethalfluralin, metolachlor, chlorothalonil, and rhodamine WT, respectively. The total amounts of chemicals lost in the runoff events were 0.04 +/- 0.01, 0.2 +/- 0.1, 0.6 +/- 0.5, and 0.2 +/- 0.1, as percents of amounts applied, respectively. Rhodamine WT formed a vivid red solution on wetting and provided visual clues to the dynamics of chemical washoff/runoff. The washoff from rain-exposed peanut foliage appeared to be complete within a few minutes of the beginning of rainfall, and disappearance of dye from rain-exposed soil surface occurred within the first 10 min of rainfall. However, dye was present in runoff water at near-constant concentrations throughout the 2 h runoff event, indicating that near-constant amounts of chemical remained in the soil extraction zone. These results confirm earlier studies showing that soil incorporation at application significantly reduces runoff losses and that a majority of foliar residues can be washable if rainfall occurs within a few days after application. Runoff losses of foliar-applied pesticides were small relative to washoff amounts but were sensitive to runoff timing relative to washoff. C1 SW Watershed Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. USDA, ARS, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Wauchope, RD (reprint author), SW Watershed Res Unit, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM don@tifton.usda.gov NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 17 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 23 BP 7056 EP 7063 DI 10.1021/jf049283v PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 870TD UT WOS:000225080100035 PM 15537318 ER PT J AU Oliver, MJ Dowd, SE Zaragoza, J Mauget, SA Payton, PR AF Oliver, MJ Dowd, SE Zaragoza, J Mauget, SA Payton, PR TI The rehydration transcriptome of the desiccation-tolerant bryophyte Tortula ruralis: transcript classification and analysis SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN PARTICLES; LENGTH CDNA MICROARRAY; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PLANT DESICCATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; WATER-DEFICIT; STRESS; MOSS AB Background: The cellular response of plants to water-deficits has both economic and evolutionary importance directly affecting plant productivity in agriculture and plant survival in the natural environment. Genes induced by water-deficit stress have been successfully enumerated in plants that are relatively sensitive to cellular dehydration, however we have little knowledge as to the adaptive role of these genes in establishing tolerance to water loss at the cellular level. Our approach to address this problem has been to investigate the genetic responses of plants that are capable of tolerating extremes of dehydration, in particular the desiccation-tolerant bryophyte, Tortula ruralis. To establish a sound basis for characterizing the Tortula genome in regards to desiccation tolerance, we analyzed 10,368 expressed sequence tags ( ESTs) from rehydrated rapid-dried Tortula gametophytes, a stage previously determined to exhibit the maximum stress induced change in gene expression. Results: The 10, 368 ESTs formed 5,563 EST clusters (contig groups representing individual genes) of which 3,321 (59.7%) exhibited similarity to genes present in the public databases and 2,242 were categorized as unknowns based on protein homology scores. The 3,321 clusters were classified by function using the Gene Ontology ( GO) hierarchy and the KEGG database. The results indicate that the transcriptome contains a diverse population of transcripts that reflects, as expected, a period of metabolic upheaval in the gametophyte cells. Much of the emphasis within the transcriptome is centered on the protein synthetic machinery, ion and metabolite transport, and membrane biosynthesis and repair. Rehydrating gametophytes also have an abundance of transcripts that code for enzymes involved in oxidative stress metabolism and phosphorylating activities. The functional classifications reflect a remarkable consistency with what we have previously established with regards to the metabolic activities that are important in the recovery of the gametophytes from desiccation. A comparison of the GO distribution of Tortula clusters with an identical analysis of 9,981 clusters from the desiccation sensitive bryophyte species Physcomitrella patens, revealed, and accentuated, the differences between stressed and unstressed transcriptomes. Cross species sequence comparisons indicated that on the whole the Tortula clusters were more closely related to those from Physcomitrella than Arabidopsis ( complete genome BLASTx comparison) although because of the differences in the databases there were more high scoring matches to the Arabidopsis sequences. The most abundant transcripts contained within the Tortula ESTs encode Late Embryogenesis Abundant ( LEA) proteins that are normally associated with drying plant tissues. This suggests that LEAs may also play a role in recovery from desiccation when water is reintroduced into a dried tissue. Conclusion: The establishment of a rehydration EST collection for Tortula ruralis, an important plant model for plant stress responses and vegetative desiccation tolerance, is an important step in understanding the genome level response to cellular dehydration. The type of transcript analysis performed here has laid the foundation for more detailed functional and genome level analyses of the genes involved in desiccation tolerance in plants. C1 ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Oliver, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, USDA, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. EM moliver@lbk.ars.usda.gov; sdowd@lbk.ars.usda.gov; jzaragoza@lbk.ars.usda.gov; smauget@lbk.ars.usda.gov; ppayton@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 5 AR 89 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-5-89 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 880DY UT WOS:000225770400001 PM 15546486 ER PT J AU Monte, E Tepperman, JM Al-Sady, B Kaczorowski, KA Alonso, JM Ecker, JR Li, X Zhang, YL Quail, PH AF Monte, E Tepperman, JM Al-Sady, B Kaczorowski, KA Alonso, JM Ecker, JR Li, X Zhang, YL Quail, PH TI The phytochrome-interacting transcription factor, PIF3, acts early, selectively, and positively in light-induced chloroplast development SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID T-DNA INSERTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANTS; PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS; PHOTORECEPTORS; PROTEIN; MUTAGENESIS; PERCEPTION AB The phytochrome (phy) family of sensory photoreceptors transduce informational light signals to selected nuclear genes, inducing plant growth and developmental responses appropriate to the environment. Existing data suggest that one signaling pathway by which this occurs involves direct, intranuclear interaction of the photoactivated phy molecule with PIF3, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Here, we provide evidence from recently identified pif3 mutant alleles that PIF3 is necessary for early chloroplast greening and rapid phy-induced expression of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast components upon first exposure of seedlings to light. Therefore, these data indicate that PIF3 functions to transduce phy signals to genes involved in a critical facet of the early seedling deetiolation process, the generation of a functional photosynthetic apparatus. When transgenically expressed GUS:PIF3 fusion protein constructs were used, we found that PIF3 protein levels are rapidly and reversibly modulated by the photoreceptor over diurnal cycles in Arabidopsis seedlings. The PIF3 protein declines rapidly to a basal steady-state level upon initial light exposure, but reaccumulates to preirradiation levels in darkness during the subsequent night period. These data suggest that PIF3 may function in early phy signaling at the dark-to-light transition, not only during initial seedling deetiolation, but daily at dawn under diurnal light-dark cycles. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Maxgen Inc, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Plant Biol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu RI Ecker, Joseph/B-9144-2008; Elena, Monte/I-7221-2015; Alonso, Jose/K-6826-2014 OI Ecker, Joseph/0000-0001-5799-5895; Alonso, Jose/0000-0001-7087-1571 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM047475, GM47475] NR 31 TC 163 Z9 177 U1 1 U2 23 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 46 BP 16091 EP 16098 DI 10.1073/pnas.0407107101 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 872RO UT WOS:000225226200004 PM 15505214 ER PT J AU Price, NPJ AF Price, NPJ TI Acylic sugar derivatives for GC/MS analysis of C-13-enrichment during carbohydrate metabolism SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRUG DISCOVERY; FLUX ANALYSIS; MONOSACCHARIDES; ALDONONITRILE; PERACETATES; CHEMISTRY; GLUCOSE; DITHIOACETALS AB Metabolic profiling with stable-isotope tracers in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is a well-established technique for measuring substrate redistribution within metabolic pathways. This analysis relies on the ability to localize and quantify the fractional incorporation of C-13 isotope into each carbon atom of precursor-derived metabolites. In this paper, several carbohydrate derivatization procedures (peracetylation, deuterioalditol. acetates, and aldononitrile acetates) are evaluated for the positional isotopic information obtained by gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS). These derivatives have been compared for the quantitative evaluation of 13C distribution into isotopomers of C-13-labeled aldoses and ketoses, and the fragmentation pathways for 15 hexoses, pentoses, and amino sugars of biological origin have been assessed. In addition, a new type of carbohydrate derivative (dialkyl-dithioacetal acetates) has been developed for GC/MS that retains the charge on the anomeric carbon of the original monosaccharide. Electron impact ionization of these derivatives generates well-resolved base peaks arising from C1-C2 bond cleavage with charge retention at the C1 thiol groups. The dialkyldithioacetal acetates are uniquely well suited for measuring isotopic enrichment into the characteristic anomeric carbon of aldose sugars and will facilitate the global analysis of metabolic flux in carbohydrate pathways. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pharmacol & Physiol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Anesthesiol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Price, NPJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Div Fermentat Biotechnol Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM pricen@ncaur.usda.gov NR 31 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 22 BP 6566 EP 6574 DI 10.1021/ac049198m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 870RU UT WOS:000225076400008 PM 15538778 ER PT J AU Keane, RE Cary, GJ Davies, ID Flannigan, MD Gardner, RH Lavorel, S Lenihan, JM Li, C Rupp, TS AF Keane, RE Cary, GJ Davies, ID Flannigan, MD Gardner, RH Lavorel, S Lenihan, JM Li, C Rupp, TS TI A classification of landscape fire succession models: spatial simulations of fire and vegetation dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Review DE spatial simulation models; fire regime; model evaluation; ordination; model selection ID FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; SUB-ARCTIC VEGETATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; DISTURBANCE REGIMES; BOREAL FORESTS; NORTH-AMERICA; GENERAL-MODEL; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY AB A classification of spatial simulation models of fire and vegetation dynamics (landscape fire succession models or LFSMs) is presented. The classification was developed to provide a foundation for comparing models and to help identify the appropriate fire and vegetation processes and their simulation to include in coarse scale dynamic global vegetation models. Other uses include a decision tool for research and management applications and a vehicle to interpret differences between LFSMs. The classification is based on the four primary processes that influence fire and vegetation dynamics: fire ignition, fire spread, fire effects, and vegetation succession. Forty-four LFSMs that explicitly simulated the four processes were rated by the authors and the modelers on a scale from 0 to 10 for their inherent degree of stochasticity, complexity, and mechanism for each of the four processes. These ratings were then used to group LFSMs into similar classes using common ordination and clustering techniques. Another database was created to describe each LFSM using selected keywords for over 20 explanatory categories. This database and the ordination and clustering results were then used to create the final LFSM classification that contains 12 classes and a corresponding key. The database and analysis results were used to construct a second classification key so managers can pick the most appropriate model for their application based on computer resources, available modeling expertise, and management objective. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Sch Resources Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. UM Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Ecol Apline, F-38041 Grenoble, France. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM rkeane@fs.fed.us RI Flannigan, Michael/G-6996-2015 OI Flannigan, Michael/0000-0002-9970-5363 NR 134 TC 119 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 179 IS 1 BP 3 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.03.015 PG 25 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 848GH UT WOS:000223455100001 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Leytem, AB AF Turner, BL Leytem, AB TI Phosphorus compounds in sequential extracts of animal manures: chemical speciation and a novel fractionation procedure SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; SOIL; FORMS; ASSIGNMENTS; SLURRIES; LITTER AB Pollution of water bodies by phosphorus in runoff from soil amended with animal manures is one of the greatest threats to water quality in developed countries. The environmental fate of manure phosphorus is determined in part by its chemical composition, yet extraction procedures to assess this are poorly developed and provide no structural information. We used solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy to quantify phosphorus compounds in sequential extracts of three contrasting manures (broiler litter, beef-cattle manure, swine manure). Using a procedure originally developed for soils, but commonly applied to manures, phosphorus was extracted sequentially with deionized water, 0.5 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaOH, and 0.5 M HCl. Water and NaHCO3 extracted readily soluble compounds, including phosphate, phospholipids, DNA, and simple phosphate monoesters, which are mobile in soil and biologically available. In contrast, NaOH and HCl extracted poorly soluble compounds, including phytic acid (myoinositol hexakisphosphate). The latter is immobile in soil and of limited biological availability. Based on these results, we developed a simplified two-step fractionation procedure involving extraction of readily soluble phosphorus in 0.5 M NaHCO3 followed by extraction of stable phosphorus in a solution containing 0.5 M NaOH and 50 mM EDTA. This revised procedure separates manure phosphorus into structurally defined fractions with environmental relevance and will facilitate research on this important aspect of environmental science. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, 106 Newell Hall,POB 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bturner@ufl.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 NR 37 TC 123 Z9 130 U1 7 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 22 BP 6101 EP 6108 DI 10.1021/es0493042 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 873IC UT WOS:000225272100039 PM 15573613 ER PT J AU Blackstone, NW Cherry, KS Van Winkle, DH AF Blackstone, NW Cherry, KS Van Winkle, DH TI The role of polyp-stolon junctions in the redox signaling of colonial hydroids SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology CY JUL 06-11, 2003 CL Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS HO Univ Kansas DE epitheliomuscular cell; mitochondria; Podocoryna; Podocoryne; reactive oxygen species ID TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE 1B; ACTIVE-SITE CYSTEINE; PEROXIREDOXINS; PROTEIN; OVEROXIDATION; MITOCHONDRIA; MECHANISMS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; GROWTH AB An encrusting colonial hydroid can be regarded as a network of polyps or 'mouths' connected by tube-like stolons. The success of the colony crucially depends on putting these mouths where the available food is. Feeding-related perturbations may provide important signals in this regard. After feeding, polyps contract regularly, dispersing food throughout the colony via the gastrovascular fluid. Mitochondrion-rich epitheliomuscular cells concentrated near polyp-stolon junctions likely drive these contractions. Putatively. the redox state of these cells may influence colony-level form. For instance. the metabolic demand associated with feeding-related contractions results in mitochondria that have relatively oxidized electron carriers and produce lesser amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS or other redox-sensitive molecules emitted from polyp-stolon junctions into the gastrovascular fluid may provide stolons with signals influencing elongation, branching, and regression. Treatments of colonies with anti-oxidants cause peripheral stolon tips to rapidly regress. This regression appears to be an active process involving a flux of locally produced peroxides and cell and tissue death. At the same time, polyps and stolon tips in the center of treated colonies remain healthy. 'Sheet-like' growth of short, branched stolons ensues. Signals that inhibit the outward growth of stolons may lead by default to the concentrated growth of stolons and polyps in food-rich areas. ROS may mediate signaling mechanisms involving nitric oxide, programmed cell death. a variety of redox-regulated proteins, or all of these. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Sci Biol, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Blackstone, NW (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Sci Biol, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM neilb@niu.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 530 SI SI BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s10750-004-2664-6 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 889AU UT WOS:000226416700035 ER PT J AU Kellndorfer, J Walker, W Pierce, L Dobson, C Fites, JA Hunsaker, C Vona, J Clutter, M AF Kellndorfer, J Walker, W Pierce, L Dobson, C Fites, JA Hunsaker, C Vona, J Clutter, M TI Vegetation height estimation from shuttle radar topography mission and national elevation datasets SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SRTM; InSAR; NED; vegetation canopy height; biomass; carbon; noise reduction ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; FOREST INVENTORY; UNITED-STATES; SAR; INTERFEROMETRY; BIOMASS AB A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of obtaining estimates of vegetation canopy height from digital elevation data collected during the 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). The SRTM sensor mapped 80% of the Earth's land mass with a C-band Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) instrument, producing the most complete digital surface map of Earth. Due to the relatively short wavelength (5.6 cm) of the SRTM instrument, the majority of incoming electromagnetic energy is reflected by scatterers located within the vegetation canopy at heights well above the "bald-Earth" surface. Interferometric SAR theory provides a basis for properly identifying and accounting for the dependence of this scattering phase center height on both instrument and target characteristics, including relative and absolute vertical error and vegetation structural attributes. An investigation to quantify the magnitude of the vertical error component was conducted using SRTM data from two vegetation-free areas in Iowa and North Dakota, revealing absolute errors of -4.0 and -1.1 m, respectively. It was also shown that the relative vertical error due to phase noise can be reduced significantly through sample averaging. The relative error range for the Iowa site was reduced from 13 to 4 in and for the North Dakota site from 7 to 3 in after averaging of 50 samples. Following error reduction, it was demonstrated that the SRTM elevation data can be successfully correlated via linear regression models with ground-measured canopy heights acquired during the general mission timeframe from test sites located in Georgia and California. Prior to outlier removal and phase noise reduction, initial adjusted r(2) values for the Georgia and California sites were 0.15 and 0.20, respectively. Following outlier analysis and averaging of at least 20 SRTM pixels per observation, adjusted r(2) values for the Georgia and California sites improved to 0.79 (rmse=l.l m) and 0.75 (rmse=4.5 m), respectively. An independent validation of a novel bin-based modeling strategy designed for reducing phase noise in sample plot data confirmed both the robustness of the California model (adjusted r(2)=0.74) as well as the capacity of the binning strategy to produce stable models suitable for inversion (validated rmse=4.1 m). The results suggest that a minimum mapping unit of approximately 1.8 ha is appropriate for SRTM-based vegetation canopy height mapping. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept EECS, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Forest Serv, Adapt Management Serv, Tahoe Natl Forest, USDA, Nevada City, CA USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Fresno, CA USA. Plum Creek Timber Co, Watkinsville, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kellndorfer, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept EECS, Radiat Lab, 1301 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM josefk@umich.edu OI Hunsaker, Carolyn/0000-0002-5662-2402 NR 35 TC 164 Z9 169 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 3 BP 339 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.07.017 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 864QT UT WOS:000224648700005 ER PT J AU Zheng, DL Rademacher, J Chen, JQ Crow, T Bresee, M le Moine, J Ryu, SR AF Zheng, DL Rademacher, J Chen, JQ Crow, T Bresee, M le Moine, J Ryu, SR TI Estimating aboveground biomass using Landsat 7 ETM+ data across a managed landscape in northern Wisconsin, USA SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE hardwood and pine forests; stand age; carbon pools; biomass distribution; fuel accumulation; vegetation indices; reflectance ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; TROPICAL FOREST BIOMASS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; THEMATIC MAPPER; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; NATIONAL-PARK; TM DATA; ECOSYSTEM; LIDAR AB Aboveground biomass (AGB; Mg/ha) is defined in this study as a biomass of growing stock trees greater than 2.5 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) for stands >5 years and all trees taller than 1.3 in for stands <5 years. Although AGB is an important variable for evaluating ecosystem function and structure across the landscape, such estimates are difficult to generate without high-resolution satellite data. This study bridges the application of remote sensing techniques with various forest management practices in Chequamegon National Forest (CNF), Wisconsin, USA by producing a high-resolution stand age map and a spatially explicit AGB map. We coupled AGB values, calculated from field measurements of tree dbh, with various vegetation indices derived from Landsat 7 ETM+ data through multiple regression analyses to produce an initial biomass map. The initial biomass map was overlaid with a land-cover map to generate a stand age map. Biomass threshold values for each age category (e.g., young, intermediate, and mature) were determined through field observations and frequency analysis of initial biomass estimates by major cover types. We found that AGB estimates for hardwood forests were strongly related to stand age and near-infrared reflectance (r(2)=0.95) while the AGB for pine forests was strongly related to the corrected normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIc; r(2)=0.86). Separating hardwoods from pine forests improved the AGB estimates in the area substantially, compared to overall regression (r(2)=0.82). Our AGB results are comparable to previously reported values in the area. The total amount of AGB in the study area for 2001 was estimated as 3.3 million metric tons (dry weight), 76.5% of which was in hardwood and mixed hardwood/pine forests. AGB ranged from 1 to 358 Mg/ha with an average of 70 and a standard deviation of 54 Mg/ha. The AGB class with the highest percentage (16.1%) was between 81 and 100 Mg/ha. Forests with biomass values >200 Mg/ha accounted for less than 3% of the study area and were usually associated with mature hardwood forests. Estimated AGB was validated using independent field measurements (R-2=0.67, p<0.001). The AGB and age maps can be used as baseline information for future landscape level studies such as quantifying the regional carbon budget, accumulating fuel, or monitoring management practices. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. US Forest Serv, Ruby Mtn Jarbidge Ranger Dist, USDA, Wells, NV 89835 USA. US Forest Serv, WFWAR, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Zheng, DL (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM dzheng@utnet.utoledo.edu RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 76 TC 183 Z9 211 U1 12 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 3 BP 402 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.08.008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 864QT UT WOS:000224648700010 ER PT J AU Keller, EA Anekonda, TS Smith, BN Hansen, LD St Clair, JB Criddle, RS AF Keller, EA Anekonda, TS Smith, BN Hansen, LD St Clair, JB Criddle, RS TI Stress and respiration traits differ among four geographically distinct Pinus ponderosa seed sources SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the International-Society-for-Biological-Calorimetry CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2003 CL Wurzburgq, GERMANY SP Int Soc Biol Calorimetry DE calorimetry; carbon isotopes; Pinus ponderosa; temperature; respiration; adaptation ID PLANT-GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; CALORIMETRY; ECOLOGY AB This study tested the hypotheses that plant respiration and photosynthesis are genetically adapted to the native climate and that plant metabolism has little ability to acclimate to a non-native climate. Seeds from four geographically distinct seed sources (Oregon, Willamette and Deschutes and California, Mendocino and Eldorado) were used to grow 2-year-old seedlings of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa) in a common garden near Corvallis, Oregon. Respiratory heat and CO2 rates were measured on elongating shoot tips at five temperatures from 15 to 35 degreesC. Heat and CO2 rates did not differ significantly among the four seed sources when compared at a given temperature. Arrhenius temperature coefficients of heat and CO2 rates of the Deschutes plants were significantly greater than those of the other three sources. Deschutes has the coldest, driest and most variable climate of the four sources. Carbon isotope ratios obtained on the same samples showed greater fractionation in the Mendocino plants than in the other three sources. Mendocino is a coastal site and the results show these plants experienced more stress when grown in the interior common garden site. Because acclimation to growth in a common garden did not erase significant differences in respiratory and photosynthetic properties, the results show that respiration and photosynthesis are genetically adapted to the native climate of the seed source. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Anim Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, FSL, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Smith, BN (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Anim Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM bruce_smith@byu.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 422 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2004.05.035 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 862SK UT WOS:000224511000012 ER PT J AU Register, KB AF Register, KB TI Comparative sequence analysis of Bordetella bronchiseptica pertactin gene (prn) repeat region variants in swine vaccines and field isolates SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Bordetella; pertactin; vaccine ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PATHOGEN-FREE PIGLETS; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; VIRULENCE FACTORS; INTRANASAL INOCULATION; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; STRAINS; P.69/PERTACTIN AB The product of the Bordetella bronchiseptica pertactin gene, prn, has been implicated as an adhesin and a protective immunogen in swine. Recent studies demonstrate prn sequence heterogeneity in swine isolates and vaccine strains within and surrounding the region 1 amino acid repeat GGXXP(n) and the region 2 amino acid repeat PQP(n). However, only a few isolates have been evaluated. Allelic variation between vaccine strains and field isolates may affect vaccine efficacy, since region 2 is known to encode an immunodominant protective epitope. In the present study, the DNA and predicted amino acid sequences of the pertactin repeat regions from a collection of 81 recent swine field isolates and 5 vaccine strains from the United States were determined. Two region 1 variants and four region 2 variants, one of which has not been previously reported, were identified, comprising four pertactin types. Four vaccines are derived from strains with a region 1 variant identical to that found in the majority of field isolates. However, only two vaccines possess the most commonly identified sequence in region 2, while two others contain a variant found in only one other swine isolate. Ribotype analysis demonstrated that although vaccines containing the novel region 2 variant fall within the same major cluster as other common swine ribotypes, they are less closely related. No relationship was observed between pertactin type and ribotype. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kregiste@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 48 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.07.020 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 872IM UT WOS:000225200900008 PM 15519707 ER PT J AU Amass, SF Mason, PW Pacheco, JM Miller, CA Ramirez, A Clark, LK Ragland, D Schneider, JL Kenyon, SJ AF Amass, SF Mason, PW Pacheco, JM Miller, CA Ramirez, A Clark, LK Ragland, D Schneider, JL Kenyon, SJ TI Procedures for preventing transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus (O/TAW/97) by people SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foot-and-mouth disease; biosecurity; swine; human; transmission ID PIGS; TAIWANESE AB The aim of this study was to determine personal hygiene protocols and animal avoidance periods needed to prevent transmission of FMDV (O/TAW/97). Forty-six, 9-week-old barrows free of FMDV were randomly allocated to five treatment groups and a control group. Investigators contacted and sampled FMDV-inoculated pigs for approximately 40 min and then contacted and sampled sentinel pigs after using no biosecurity procedures, washing hands and donning clean outerwear, or showering and donning clean outerwear. Personnel were sampled for nasal carriage of FMDV for 85.43 It. Contaminated personnel did not transmit FMDV to susceptible pigs after handwashing or showering, and donning clean outerwear. FMDV was transmitted when biosecurity procedures were not used. FMDV was not detected in nasal secretions of investigators. Thus, extended animal avoidance periods do not appear to be necessary to prevent transmission of FMDV (O/TAW/97) by people to pigs when organic material is removed through handwashing/showering and donning clean outerwear. This study supports similar findings in a previous publication using FMDV (O/UK/35/2001). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, VCS,LYNN, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Indiana State Board Anim Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46224 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Import & Export, VS, APHIS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Amass, SF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, VCS,LYNN, 625 Harrison St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM amasss@purdue.edu OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 103 IS 3-4 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.07.020 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 871EG UT WOS:000225111500002 PM 15504585 ER PT J AU Rojo, E Martin, R Carter, C Zouhar, J Pan, SQ Plotnikova, J Jin, HL Paneque, M Sanchez-Serrano, JJ Baker, B Ausubel, FM Raikhel, NV AF Rojo, E Martin, R Carter, C Zouhar, J Pan, SQ Plotnikova, J Jin, HL Paneque, M Sanchez-Serrano, JJ Baker, B Ausubel, FM Raikhel, NV TI VPE gamma exhibits a caspase-like activity that contributes to defense against pathogens SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; VACUOLAR PROCESSING ENZYME; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; ASPARAGINYL ENDOPEPTIDASE; CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASE; STORAGE PROTEINS; PLANTS; DEGRADATION; PROTEASE AB Background: Caspases are a family of aspartate-specific cysteine proteases that play an essential role in initiating and executing programmed cell death (PCD) in metazoans. Caspase-like activities have been shown to be required for the initiation of PCD in plants, but the genes encoding those activities have not been identified. VPEgamma, a cysteine protease, is induced during senescence, a form of PCD in plants, and is localized in precursor protease vesicles and vacuoles, compartments associated with PCD processes in plants. Results: We show that VPEgamma binds in vivo to a general caspase inhibitor and to caspase-1-specific inhibitors, which block the activity of VPEgamma. A cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin, accumulates to 20-fold higher levels in vpegamma mutants. Homologs of cystatin are known to suppress hypersensitive cell death in plant and animal systems. We also report that infection with an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae results in an increase of caspase-1 activity, and this increase is partially suppressed in vpegamma mutants. Plants overexpressing VPEgamma exhibit a greater amount of ion leakage during infection with P. syringae, suggesting that VPEgamma may regulate cell death progression during plant-pathogen interaction. VPEgamma expression is induced after infection with P. syringae, Botrytis cinerea, and turnip mosaic virus, and knockout of VPEgamma results in increased susceptibility to these pathogens. Conclusions: We conclude that VPEgamma is a caspase-like enzyme that has been recruited in plants to regulate vacuole-mediated cell dismantling during cell death, a process that has significant influence in the outcome of a diverse set of plant-pathogen interactions. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Plant Cell Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Dept Genet Mol Plantas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Rojo, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Plant Cell Biol, 2109 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM erojo@cnb.uam.es; natasha.raikhel@ucr.edu RI Paneque, Manuel/A-6930-2015; Sanchez Serrano, Jose/H-6955-2015; Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016; OI Paneque, Manuel/0000-0002-8731-0233; Sanchez Serrano, Jose/0000-0002-4489-4785; Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X; Rojo, Enrique/0000-0001-9886-2917 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM069087, GM48707] NR 35 TC 157 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 19 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD NOV 9 PY 2004 VL 14 IS 21 BP 1897 EP 1906 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2004.09.056 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 870QY UT WOS:000225074100018 PM 15530390 ER PT J AU Paradkar, PN Blum, PS Berhow, MA Baumann, H Kuo, SM AF Paradkar, PN Blum, PS Berhow, MA Baumann, H Kuo, SM TI Dietary isoflavones suppress endotoxin-induced inflammatory reaction in liver and intestine SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE genistein; inflammation; glutathione; MnSOD; liver; intestine ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ACUTE-PHASE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; IL-8 PRODUCTION; MESSENGER-RNA; COLON-CANCER; CACO-2 CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE; GENISTEIN; GLUTATHIONE AB Dietary isoflavone intake has been linked to cancer prevention and their anti-inflammation activity was examined. Intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in mice led to a decrease in the liver antioxidant glutathione level but this decrease was prevented in mice fed with an isoflavone-containing diet. Similarly, isoflavone diet prevented the inflammation-associated induction of metallothionein (MT) in the intestine; and the induction of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in the liver. Results from the intestinal cell studies suggest that isoflavones suppress the intestinal response to inflammation by modulating the action of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6. IL-6 secretion and the STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3) nuclear translocation in response to IL-6 were both decreased by genistein. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Buffalo, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Cellular & Mol Biol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Univ Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. RP Kuo, SM (reprint author), Univ Buffalo, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, 15 Farber Hall,3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. EM smkuo@buffalo.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK33886, DK54728] NR 49 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 215 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.05.019 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 860SX UT WOS:000224364600002 PM 15374628 ER PT J AU Kellner, C Zunino, SJ AF Kellner, C Zunino, SJ TI Nitric oxide is synthesized in acute leukemia cells after exposure to phenolic antioxidants and initially protects against mitochondrial membrane depolarization SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE leukemia; phenolic antioxidants; apoptosis; mitochondria; nitric oxide ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; I CLINICAL-TRIAL; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENT; DIETARY CURCUMIN; B-LINEAGE; SYNTHASE; INHIBITION; APOPTOSIS; QUERCETIN; CARNOSOL AB We investigated the early events involved in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(mt)) leading to apoptosis in cells derived from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia after exposure to phenolic antioxidants. Using the nitric oxide binding dye diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate, we found that intracellular nitric oxide (NO) levels increased significantly within 4 h after exposure to the antioxidants curcumin, carnosol, and quercetin. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) activity with mercaptoethylguanidine increased the percentage of leukemia cells with depolarized mitochondria membranes after antioxidant treatment. These data suggest that NO production in the Leukemia-derived cells may be a protective response to maintain Deltapsi(mt) after antioxidant exposure and inhibition of NOS increases the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis induced by the antioxidants. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Chair Genet, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Zunino, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 3202A Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM szunino@whnrc.usda.gov RI Kellner, Christian/G-4238-2015 OI Kellner, Christian/0000-0002-2562-6902 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 215 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.06.046 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 860SX UT WOS:000224364600005 PM 15374631 ER PT J AU White, JW McMaster, GS Edmeades, GO AF White, JW McMaster, GS Edmeades, GO TI Physiology, genomics and crop response to global change SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jwhite@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 90 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.001 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 860QK UT WOS:000224357900001 ER PT J AU Edmeades, GO McMaster, GS White, JW Campos, H AF Edmeades, GO McMaster, GS White, JW Campos, H TI Genomics and the physiologist: bridging the gap between genes and crop response SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Crop-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Crop Sci Soc Amer DE adaptation; climate; genomics; quantitative trait locus; modeling; breeding ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; PLANT FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DROUGHT CONDITIONS; TROPICAL MAIZE; WATER-DEFICIT; YIELD; EXPRESSION; MODEL AB Plant physiologists have traditionally studied the relationship between crop performance (the phenotype) and the environment. Global change processes present multiple challenges to crop performance that can be met effectively by changing the crop environment through management, and by modifying the crop genome (the genotype) through plant breeding and molecular biology. In order to increase the reliability of crop performance prediction based upon genetic information, new tools are needed to more effectively relate observed phenotypes to genotypes. The emerging discipline of genomics offers promise of providing such tools, and may provide a unique opportunity to enhance genetic gains and stabilize global crop production. Genomics has developed from the confluence of genetics, automated laboratory tools for generating DNA- and RNA-based data, and methods of information management. Functional genomics concentrates on how genes function, alone and in networks, while structural genomics focuses on physical and structural aspects of the genome. The traditional strengths of physiology lie in interpreting whole plant response to environmental signals, dissecting traits into component processes, and predicting correlated responses when genes and pathways are perturbed. These complement information on the genetic control of signal transduction, gene expression, gene networks and candidate genes. Combining physiological and genetic information can provide a more complete model of gene-to-phenotype relationships and genotype-by-environment interactions. Phenotypic screening procedures that more accurately identify underlying genetic variation, and crop models that incorporate Mendelian genetic controls of key processes provide two tangible examples of fruitful collaboration between physiologists and geneticists. These point to a productive complementary relationship between disciplines that will speed progress towards stable and adequate food production, despite challenges posed by global climate change. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Edmeades, GO (reprint author), Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, 7250 NW 62nd Ave,POB 552, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. EM greg.edmeades@pioneer.com NR 46 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 90 IS 1 BP 5 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.002 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 860QK UT WOS:000224357900002 ER PT J AU Bae, HH Sicher, R AF Bae, HH Sicher, R TI Changes of soluble protein expression and leaf metabolite levels in Arabidopsis thaliana grown in elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Crop-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Crop Sci Soc Amer DE proteomics; photosynthetic acclimation; leaf carbohydrates; CO2 enrichment ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; CO2 ENRICHMENT; NITRATE REDUCTASE; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; HIGHER-PLANTS; GAS-EXCHANGE; LEAVES; SUGAR; ACCUMULATION; RUBISCO AB Plant responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 vary with species and with environmental conditions. Rates of dry matter formation were initially enhanced in response to CO2 enrichment but these accelerated growth rates typically were not maintained over long periods of time. The objective of this study was to better understand the basis for this acclimation process. Changes of metabolite levels and of total protein expression in response to CO2 enrichment were studied using biochemical assays and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Henyh. (Columbia ecotype) plants were grown for 26 weeks in controlled environment chambers providing 36 (ambient) or 100 (elevated) Pa CO2. Averaged over all harvest dates above-ground biomass was greater (P < 0.05) in the elevated than in the ambient CO2 treatment but shoot biomass did not differ between treatments on the final harvest. Flowering was delayed by CO2 enrichment. One or more flowers were observed for 52% and 100% of the elevated and ambient CO2 grown plants, respectively, after 4-weeks growth. Starch and sucrose levels were increased 132 and 43%, respectively, in leaves of 6-week-old plants in response to CO2 enrichment. Nitrate varied with plant age, although mean nitrate levels in rosettes were decreased 31% by CO2 enrichment when averaged over all harvest dates. Chlorophyll, the chlorophyll a/b ratio, carotenoids and total soluble protein did not differ between CO2 treatments. Total Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity decreased with plant age and was lower (P < 0.01) in the elevated compared to the ambient CO2 treatment. The above results suggested that acclimation to elevated CO2 occurred in Arabidopsis without developing symptoms of N-deficiency. A total of 400 major proteins were separated and compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. No proteins appeared de novo or disappeared in response to CO2 enrichment, although pixel densities for 13 protein spots differed significantly between CO2 treatments on at least one harvest date. Six of these proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Three of these identified proteins were involved in plant growth and development or were associated with stress. Two other proteins were encoded by genes with putative functions. Only one protein, the 23 kDa subunit of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC23), was involved in photosynthesis. It was concluded that long-term plant growth in elevated CO2 caused only small changes in the Arabidopsis proteome. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bae, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rbae@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 56 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 90 IS 1 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.005 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 860QK UT WOS:000224357900006 ER PT J AU Crafts-Brandner, SJ Salvucci, ME AF Crafts-Brandner, SJ Salvucci, ME TI Analyzing the impact of high temperature and CO2 on net photosynthesis: biochemical mechanisms, models and genomics SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Crop-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Crop Sci Soc Amer DE activase; heat stress; models; photosynthesis; rubisco ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; HEAT-STRESS; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; CARBON METABOLISM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANTISENSE RNA; C-3 PLANTS; PARAMETERS; INACTIVATION AB Determining plant response at the biochemical/physiological level to a changing global environment is a prerequisite for constructing accurate models to predict plant productivity. High temperature and CO2 impact plant biomass accumulation by altering the rate of net photosynthesis such that the measured rates differ greatly from the potential rates predicted from commonly used models. Such models are based on assumptions pertaining to biochemical limitations to net photosynthesis by the capacity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), the enzyme that ultimately limits the rate of photosynthetic CO2 fixation in C3 and C4 plants, or the capacity of electron transport to supply energy for Calvin cycle activity. Here we provide evidence that the impact of high temperature and CO, on net photosynthesis can be accurately calculated from predictive models based solely on Rubisco kinetics if the modeled rate of photosynthesis is adjusted for heat and CO2-induced changes in the activation state of Rubisco. The activation state of Rubisco, which is regulated by the activity of Rubisco activase, thus appears to be the primary limitation to net photosynthesis at high temperature and/or CO2. This limitation to net photosynthesis has not been incorporated into common biochemical models, thus compromising their effectiveness. The expression of activase mRNA was not indicative of the central role of activase in the response of photosynthesis to high temperature thus revealing limitations of using a broad genomics approach to identify the impact of environmental stress on plant metabolism. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85010 USA. RP Crafts-Brandner, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85010 USA. EM scraftsbrandner@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 11 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 90 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.006 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 860QK UT WOS:000224357900007 ER PT J AU Baenziger, PS McMaster, GS Wilhelm, WW Weiss, A Hays, CJ AF Baenziger, PS McMaster, GS Wilhelm, WW Weiss, A Hays, CJ TI Putting genes into genetic coefficients SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Crop-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Crop Sci Soc Amer DE climate change; crop model; genomics; Gibberellic Acid Insensitive (GAI) genes; plant height; photoperiod; temperature; vernalization; Triticum; wheat ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; WINTER-WHEAT; FLOWERING TIME; PLANT HEIGHT; VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT; CROP SIMULATION; DWARFING GENES; DRAFT SEQUENCE; BREAD WHEAT; MODEL AB Plant parameters are critical inputs in crop simulation models and allow a general set of algorithms to represent features of specific cultivars. A subset of plant parameters is often referred to as "genetic coefficients". However, these genetic coefficients are developed from phenotypic observations, usually have a weak genetic basis, and are at best "genotypic" coefficients because they consider the genotype from a very integrative perspective and likely include some impact of environment on the trait or characteristic described. With increased understanding of crop genomes, we believe models can be improved by incorporating genetic coefficients that accurately describe the action of specific genes (within the genome) and therefore better represent the association between gene function and plant phenotype in simulation models. As an example, we discuss how knowledge of height genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, along with stronger genetic and environmental response algorithms, could substitute for the phenotypic parameter "height class" in the model SHOOTGRO. We also demonstrate how models containing responses based on known genetic variation can be used to identify traits to incorporate into cultivars better adapted to future climate scenarios. It remains for the geneticist, plant breeder, physiologist and modeler to cooperate and communicate with each other so that genetic information and responses with the genotype and environment and their interaction can be described in models and used to develop cultivars better able to exploit future climatic conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, 330 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM pbaenziger1@uni.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 90 IS 1 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.022 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 860QK UT WOS:000224357900011 ER PT J AU Hoogenboom, G White, JW Messina, CD AF Hoogenboom, G White, JW Messina, CD TI From genome to crop: integration through simulation modeling SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Crop-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Crop Sci Soc Amer DE common bean; genomics; global warming; temperature; crop simulation model ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; DRY BEAN MODEL; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENETIC COEFFICIENTS; PHOTOPERIOD RESPONSE; SOYBEAN PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANTING DATE; GROWTH-MODEL AB Crop models use mathematical equations to simulate growth, development and yield as a function of weather, soil conditions and crop management. Such models integrate scientific knowledge from diverse agronomic disciplines, ranging from plant breeding to soil physics. Most crop models use one or more cultivar-specific parameters to identify differences in performance among cultivars. Until recently, however, there was little relation between cultivar-specific parameters and genotypes. The GeneGro model simulates the impact of seven genes on physiological processes in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), specifying cultivar differences through the presence or absence of the seven genes. The model was based on the bean model BEANGRO. GeneGro has now been incorporated into the cropping system model (CSM), which can simulate growth and development for more than 20 different crops, although the CSM-GeneGro version is currently implemented only for common bean and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Gene-based models can provide a well-structured linkage between functional genomics and crop physiology, especially as more genes are identified and their functions are clarified. Incorporating genetic information strengthens underlying physiological assumptions of the model, improving its utility for research in crop improvement, crop management, global change, and other fields. We first briefly review issues related to development of gene-based models, ranging from modeling approaches to data management. The CSM-GeneGro model is then used to show how specific genes can simulate both yield levels and yield variability for three locations in the USA. The model is also used to examine how single genes can affect crop response to global change. Gene-based modeling approaches could significantly enhance our ability to predict how global change will impact agricultural production, but modelers and physiologists will have to be proactive in accessing information and tools being developed in the plant genomics community. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hoogenboom, G (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM gerrit@griffin.uga.edu RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010 OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537 NR 70 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 90 IS 1 BP 145 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.014 PG 19 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 860QK UT WOS:000224357900012 ER PT J AU White, JW McMaster, GS Edmeades, GO AF White, JW McMaster, GS Edmeades, GO TI Genomics and crop response to global change: what have we learned? SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Crop-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Crop Sci Soc Amer DE climate; genomics; global change; modeling; photosynthesis; physiology ID EXCHANGE; LEAVES AB Global change poses major challenges for research in fields ranging from crop improvement to water and fertilizer management. Plant genomics is often promoted as a likely source of breakthroughs in understanding plant response to temperature and water stress. This special issue includes papers that range from consideration of gene-to-phenotype associations to papers at the system scale that examine successes and problems with linking physiology and genomics for global change research. Key themes covered include "How genomics can contribute to global change research," "Genomics and basic understanding of crop responses to the environment," and "What can field-level physiology bring to genomic research?". Extrapolation from the model species arabidopsis [Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.] has proven more problematic than anticipated, but new techniques and advances in gene sequencing of crop species helps compensate for such difficulties. Physiological research complements genomics by bringing an understanding of the response of the whole plant or crop to differing environments. Physiology also leads to an appreciation of how macro-scale processes such as photosynthesis and partitioning add biological meaning to genotype-by-environment interactions that are significant statistically but otherwise are not meaningful. Furthermore, physiologists have traditionally measured phenotypes in careful detail, and they have a clear role in adding precision to research on gene-to-phenotype associations. Research on crop response to global change has much to gain from strengthened collaboration between genomics and field-level crop physiology. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jwhite@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 90 IS 1 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.009 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 860QK UT WOS:000224357900013 ER PT J AU Woodsmith, RD Vache, KB McDonnell, JJ Helvey, JD AF Woodsmith, RD Vache, KB McDonnell, JJ Helvey, JD TI Entiat Experimental Forest: Catchment-scale runoff data before and after a 1970 wildfire SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitat; runoff and streamflow; semiarid hydrology; surface water quality; wildfire effects ID FIRE; POSTFIRE; WASHINGTON; NORTHWEST; EROSION; EVENTS; USA/ AB [ 1] Effects of wildfire on water quantity and quality are issues of major concern. Much has been learned from previous research, although site-specific data from both before and after wildfire are rare. The Entiat Experimental Forest ( EEF) in central Washington State provides such a hydrologic record. In August 1970 a severe wildfire occurred following 10 years of stream gauging as part of a controlled land use experiment. A modified data collection program continued through 1977. Existing data from the EEF are available on the internet. Data housed at the site include downloadable daily discharge, air temperature, humidity, precipitation, water temperature, 10-m DEMs, watershed boundaries, and gauge locations. These data are an archive for assessment of hydrologic response and model formulation, calibration, and testing. The EEF is being reinstrumented to investigate recovery from effects of the 1970 fire on water quantity, quality, and flow regime. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Woodsmith, RD (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM rwoodsmith@fs.fed.us; kellie.vache@oregonstate.edu; jeff.mcdonnell@oregonstate.edu; helvey@gte.net NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 5 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 11 AR W11701 DI 10.1029/2004WR003296 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 870DN UT WOS:000225034300003 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD AF Dailey, OD TI Volatilization of alachlor from polymeric formulations SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE volatilization; alachlor; polymer; microcapsule; ethylene glycol; reverse-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography; densitometry ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE PROPERTIES; ATRAZINE; MICROCAPSULES; SOILS; HERBICIDES; FIELD; TEMPERATURE; METOLACHLOR; FATE AB Pesticides may be dispersed throughout the environment by several means, including groundwater contamination, surface water contamination, and volatilization with subsequent atmospheric transport and deposition. In earlier research primarily directed at reducing the potential for groundwater contamination, a number of herbicides were microencapsulated within several different polymers. These polymeric formulations were evaluated for efficacy in the greenhouse. In the studies described in this paper, three polymeric alachlor formulations that were the most effective in the greenhouse were evaluated in laboratory volatility studies using pure alachlor and a commercial formulation (Lasso 4EC) for comparison purposes. In a given experiment, technical alachlor, Lasso 4EC, and two polymeric formulations were applied to soil and evaluated in a contained system under 53% humidity with a fixed flow rate. Evolved alachlor was collected in ethylene glycol, recovered with C18 solid phase extraction cartridges, and analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography with densitometry. Duration of the studies ranged from 32 to 39 days. In studies in which all formulations were uniformly incorporated in the soil, total alachlor volatilization from the polymeric microcapsules was consistently lower than that from the alachlor and Lasso 4EC formulations. In studies in which the polymeric formulations were sprinkled on the surface of the soil, microcapsules prepared with the polymer cellulose acetate butyrate released the smallest quantity of volatilized alachlor. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Dailey, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM odailey@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 3 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 22 BP 6742 EP 6746 DI 10.1021/jf040034g PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 866LO UT WOS:000224775200013 PM 15506811 ER PT J AU Lapointe, SL Hunter, WB Alessandro, RT AF Lapointe, SL Hunter, WB Alessandro, RT TI Cuticular hydrocarbons on elytra of the Diaprepes root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Otiorhynchinae and Related Root Weevils CY 2003 CL Wageningen, NETHERLANDS DE citrus; Diaprepes abbreviatus; hydrocarbons; Insecta; wax glands ID CONTACT SEX-PHEROMONE; IDENTIFICATION AB 1 External gland openings and associated structures on the elytra of teneral and mature Diaprepes root weevils, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), were elucidated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 2 There were clear differences between teneral, callow adults and fully mature adults. In the field, teneral adults remain in the pupal chamber in the soil until sclerotization of the cuticle is complete or nearly so. 3 Phenotypic variation of the elytra in this species consists of varying patterns and coloration of scaled intervals between a variable number of raised ridges devoid of scales. In addition to being thinner and lighter in colour than fully mature adults, the elytra of teneral adults were devoid of waxy hydrocarbon secretions. 4 External gland openings at the base of each scale were observed on teneral elytra and mature elytra washed with methylene chloride. 5 SEM evidence to document the production of waxy filaments by these glands and partial characterization of these by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are presented. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Lapointe, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM slapointe@ushrl.ars.usda.gov OI Alessandro, Rocco/0000-0001-7983-0557 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9555.2004.00230.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 869SU UT WOS:000225005300002 ER PT J AU Brink, GE Sistani, KR Rowe, DE AF Brink, GE Sistani, KR Rowe, DE TI Nutrient uptake of hybrid and common bermudagrass fertilized with broiler litter SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; APPLIED NITROGEN; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; POULTRY LITTER; YIELD; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS; REMOVAL; FORAGE; MANURE AB Among forage crops utilized in the southeastern USA, bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] has the greatest potential to recover nutrients from soil routinely fertilized with broiler litter due to its yield potential and wide adaptation. Our objective was to determine differences in N and P uptake among diverse bermudagrass cultivars fertilized with broiler litter. 'Alicia', 'Brazos', 'Coastal', 'Russell', 'Tifton 44', and 'Tifton 85' hybrid bermudagrass and common bermudagrass were grown on a Savannah fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Fragiudult) and fertilized with 11.8 Mg litter dry matter (DM) ha(-1) yr(-1) (15.75 Mg as-is basis) to provide 540 kg total N ha(-1) yr(-1) and 330 kg total P ha(-1) yr(-1) (mean of 4 yr). Alicia, Coastal, and Russell had similar annual yield in 3 of 4 yr, but yield differences among other hybrids were not consistent. Although annual N and P uptake of common bermudagrass was equivalent to Alicia, Coastal, and Tifton 44 during 2 yr due primarily to greater herbage N and P concentration, reduced uptake in years of below-normal precipitation indicates it is not an acceptable alternative to a hybrid. No differences in N uptake existed among a majority of hybrids when precipitation was near normal, and Alicia, Coastal, and Russell had equivalent N uptake all 4 yr. Nitrogen and P uptake of Tifton 85 increased each year and, by the final year of the study, exceeded that of all cultivars. Among all the hybrids, only Russell exhibited consistent superior P uptake relative to Coastal. C1 US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Western Kentucky Univ, USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Brink, GE (reprint author), US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gebrink@wisc.edu NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1509 EP 1515 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800002 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, MR Fairbrother, TE Rowe, DE AF McLaughlin, MR Fairbrother, TE Rowe, DE TI Forage yield and nutrient uptake of warm-season annual grasses in a swine effluent spray field SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LAGOON EFFLUENT; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; BERMUDAGRASS; MANAGEMENT AB Five warm-season annual grasses were compared for dry matter (DM) yield and nutrient uptake alongside bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] on a Brooksville silty clay (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Aquic Chromuderts) in a field that had swine (Sus scrofa) effluent applied through a center pivot sprinkler system. Annuals were browntop millet [Panicum ramosum (L.) Stapf in Prain], pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], sorghum-sudan, [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.]. Grasses were tested in 3 yr (1999-2001), but results in 2000 were incomplete due to poor growing conditions. In 1999 (establishment year for bermudagrass) sorghum-sudan had the highest DM yield (18.9 Mg ha(-1)) and P uptake (50.3 kg ha(-1)). In 2001, sorghum-sudan DM yield (20.6 Mg ha(-1)) and P uptake (56.3 kg ha(-1)) were equivalent to established bermudagrass (21.3 Mg ha(-1) and 56.1 kg ha(-1), respectively). In 2001 sudangrass and pearl millet DM yields (17.4 and 15.7 Mg ha(-1), respectively) were equal to and lower than sorghum-sudan, but P uptake of pearl millet (49.5 kg ha(-1)) did not differ from sorghum-sudan, due to the high P concentration (3.2 g kg(-1)) in pearl millet. Browntop millet and crabgrass DM yields and P uptake were less than those of sorghum-sudan in both years. Sorghum-sudan and pearl millet were higher in DM yield and P uptake than the other annuals in both years, equal to established bermudagrass, and therefore should be the most useful in nutrient management hay systems in the southeastern USA. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McLaughlin, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mmclaughlin@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1516 EP 1522 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800003 ER PT J AU Ritchey, KD Belesky, DP Halvorson, JJ AF Ritchey, KD Belesky, DP Halvorson, JJ TI Soil properties and clover establishment six years after surface application of calcium-rich by-products SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GYPSUM; MAGNESIUM; LIMESTONE; CHARGE AB Calcium-rich soil amendments can improve plant growth by supplying Ca and reducing detrimental effects of soil acidity, but solubility and neutralizing capacity of Ca sources vary. Our objectives were to evaluate effects of calcitic dolomite and several coal combustion by-products on soil properties at various depths 6 yr after surface application and their influence on grass-clover herbage accumulation. Calcium and Mg soil amendments were surface-applied to an acidic grassland in 1993, and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbyshire] were oversown in 1994. In 1998, amendment treatment plots were split to accommodate sod seeding with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) or white clover (T. repens L.) as well as a nonseeded control. No N fertilizer was applied after sod seeding. Six years after amendment application, reductions in soil Al and Mn and increases in Ca and pH from 4654 kg ha(-1) calcitic dolomite, 15 000 kg ha(-1) fluidized bed combustion residue, or 526 kg ha(-1) MgO amendment were greatest in the surface 2.5 cm while rates of gypsum as high as 32 000 kg ha(-1) left little residual effect except for decreases in Mg. Percentage clover in the sward tripled as pH increased from 4.3 to 5.0 while herbage mass increased 75% as clover percentage increased. Herbage mass was generally more closely correlated with properties of soil samples collected from the surface 2.5 cm than from deeper samples. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Sys Res Cent, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Sys Res Cent, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Dale.Ritchey@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1531 EP 1539 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800005 ER PT J AU Peters, RT Evett, SR AF Peters, RT Evett, SR TI Modeling diurnal canopy temperature dynamics using one-time-of-day measurements and a reference temperature curve SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The application of the temperature-time threshold (TTT) method of irrigation scheduling to self-propelled irrigations systems requires a method of estimating the diurnal canopy temperature dynamics using only a one-time-of-day measurement. Other research efforts such as the crop water stress index (CWSI) and field canopy temperature mapping using moving irrigation systems could also be served by the use of this method. This was accomplished using a stationary reference measurement to capture the canopy temperature dynamics. Two different methods were developed for estimating a temperature curve for a remote location from a one-time-of-day measurement at that location. The first method (scaled method) uses the ratio between the reference temperature and the remote location temperature, referenced to the predawn temperature, to scale the reference curve to yield the predicted curve. In the second method (Gaussian difference method), a three-parameter Gaussian equation was empirically fitted to the temperature differences between the reference and the measured remote canopy temperature curves. To test these two methods, canopy temperature data, sensed using stationary infrared thermometers, from three different crops (corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]) were analyzed. For a few hours after dawn and before sunset, the scaled method was generally more accurate while during the middle of the day, the Gaussian difference method was more accurate. The average absolute value of the error between the predicted and actual temperatures from the best of both methods during daylight hours was roughly 0.5degreesC. For all 3 yr, the total irrigation for a season using the extrapolated temperatures were within 18 mm on average of those actually scheduled using the TTT method and measured data. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Peters, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM tpeters@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1553 EP 1561 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800008 ER PT J AU Fleming, KL Heermann, DF Westfall, DG AF Fleming, KL Heermann, DF Westfall, DG TI Evaluating soil color with farmer input and apparent soil electrical conductivity for management zone delineation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SCALE; FIELDS; WHEAT AB Variable rate fertilizer application technology (VRT) can provide an opportunity to more efficiently utilize fertilizer inputs; however, accurate prescription maps are essential. Researchers and farmers have understood the value of dividing whole fields into smaller, homogeneous regions or management zones for fertility management. Management zones can be defined as spatially homogeneous subregions within a field that have similar crop input needs. Delineating management zones that characterize the spatial variability within a field may provide effective prescription maps for VRT. The objective of this research was to compare and evaluate management zones developed from soil color (SC) and farmer experience with management zones developed from apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). These two methods of developing management zones were compared with soil nutrient levels, texture, and crop yields collected on two fields in 1997. The soil and yield parameters followed the trends indicated by both management zone methods at Field 1 with the highest values found in the high productivity zones and the lowest the low productivity zones. Significant differences were found among the management zones. However, at Field 2 the high and medium productivity zones were generally not significantly different using the SC approach, whereas the ECa approach was effective in identifying three distinct management zones. Both methods of developing management zones seem to be identifying homogeneous subregions within fields. C1 Agriliance LLC, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. USDA ARS, WMU, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Fleming, KL (reprint author), Agriliance LLC, 4545 Wheaton Dr,F190, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM klfleming@agriliance.com NR 43 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1581 EP 1587 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800011 ER PT J AU Reddy, CK Nyakatawa, EZ Reeves, DW AF Reddy, CK Nyakatawa, EZ Reeves, DW TI Tillage and poultry litter application effects on cotton growth and yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; GREAT-PLAINS; COVER CROP; SOIL; SYSTEMS; CARBON; TRANSFORMATIONS; VALLEY AB Although use of no-tillage in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the southeast USA has dramatically increased recently, reports of reduced seedling emergence, poor plant establishment, reduced growth, delayed maturity, and low yields still constrain adoption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tillage systems on growth and yield of cotton grown in rotation with a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop with poultry litter and ammonium nitrate fertilizer application in north Alabama. Results from 1996 to 2001 are reported in this paper. Treatment factors were three tillage systems, two cropping systems, two N sources, and four N levels. Winter rye cover cropping increased surface residue cover by up to 35, 70, and 100% in conventional tillage, mulch tillage, and no-tillage systems, respectively. Despite initial differences in rate of seedling emergence, final seedling establishment averaged 10 seedlings m(-1) in all treatments. At the rate of 100 kg N ha(-1), the effect of poultry litter on cotton growth and yield parameters was generally lower or similar to that of ammonium nitrate at the rate of 100 kg N ha(-1). However, at 200 kg N ha(-1), poultry litter improved cotton growth and lint yield compared with ammonium nitrate at 100 kg N ha(-1) or poultry litter at 100 kg N ha(-1). Cotton lint yields averaged over all treatments ranged from 1128 to 1405 kg ha(-1) over the study period. With adequate N fertility from poultry litter, no-tillage and mulch-tillage systems with winter rye cover cropping are ideal for cotton production in the southeast USA. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resour Conserv Cent, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Nyakatawa, EZ (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM ermson.nyakatawa@email.aamu.edu NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1641 EP 1650 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800017 ER PT J AU O'Neill, PM Shanahan, JF Schepers, JS Caldwell, B AF O'Neill, PM Shanahan, JF Schepers, JS Caldwell, B TI Agronomic responses of corn hybrids from different eras to deficit and adequate levels of water and nitrogen SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID KERNEL NUMBER; GRAIN-YIELD; STRESS TOLERANCE; USE EFFICIENCY; MAIZE; LEAVES; PLANT; IMPROVEMENT; COMPONENTS; SET AB Maintaining current high yields of corn (Zea mays L.) grown in the USA poses an environmental threat due to continued overuse of water and N inputs. To reduce overreliance on inputs, future corn breeding efforts should focus on improving tolerance of corn to water and N stresses, utilizing appropriate tolerance mechanisms. The objective of this study was to identify appropriate mechanisms by characterizing agronomic responses of 12 hybrids from three different eras ('B73 x Mo17' from 1970s and three early 1990s and eight late 1990s Pioneer brand hybrids) to varying water and N supply. This was done by growing the hybrids under deficit and adequate levels of water (one-half and full evapotranspiration) and N (0 and 200 kg ha(-1)) in a field study and measuring yield and other agronomic variables. While hybrid eras didn't differ in response to varying water or N, individual hybrids varied in ability to maintain yield under water or N stress. For example, under deficit water, '3417' produced 27% more yield than '3162' while they yielded similarly under adequate water. Likewise, under deficit N, '34R07' produced 42% more grain yield than '33G27' while they yielded similarly under adequate N. Agronomic variables such as kernel number per unit area were highly correlated with grain yield (r = 0.98), indicating hybrid ability to maximize kernel number under varying water and N supply was critical to maximizing yield. Determining physiological mechanisms associated with ability to maintain kernel number under stress should be a high priority of breeding programs. C1 USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Shanahan, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jshanahan1@unl.edu OI Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 NR 38 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1660 EP 1667 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800019 ER PT J AU Scarbrough, DA Coblentz, WK Humphry, JB Coffey, KP Sauer, TJ Jennings, JA Daniel, TC Turner, JE Kellogg, DW AF Scarbrough, DA Coblentz, WK Humphry, JB Coffey, KP Sauer, TJ Jennings, JA Daniel, TC Turner, JE Kellogg, DW TI Estimating losses of dry matter from simulated rainfall on bermudagrass and orchardgrass forages using cell wall components as markers SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA HAY; QUALITY; YIELD; LEAF AB Previous methodologies to measure losses of dry matter (DM) in wilting hays subjected to natural or simulated rainfall have relied generally on gravimetric techniques, resulting in variable and questionable estimates of DM loss. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of fiber components and acid detergent insoluble ash (ADIA) as internal plant markers for accurately predicting losses of DM in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) forages that were damaged by simulated rainfall. For both forages, concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEMI), cellulose (CELL), lignin, and ADIA generally increased with the amount of simulated rainfall in primarily linear patterns. Recoveries of all internal markers were high (greater than or equal to952 g kg(-1) and were not affected by simulated rainfall for either forage (P greater than or equal to 0.06). Predicted losses of DM increased in primarily linear patterns with simulated rainfall for both forages when concentrations of NDF, ADF, HEMI, CELL, and ADIA were used as internal markers. Linear regressions of predicted losses of DM on values determined gravimetrically were good (r(2) greater than or equal to 0.73; P less than or equal to 0.03) when concentrations of any fiber constituent or ADIA were used to calculate losses of DM; however, NDF was an especially effective internal marker (Y = 1.12X - 5; r(2) = 0.97; P < 0.01). C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NW Oklahoma State Univ, Alva, OK 73717 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. N Carolina State Mt Res Stn, Waynesville, NC 28786 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM coblentz@uark.edu NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1680 EP 1687 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800022 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Schnabel, RR Curran, WS Stout, WL Genito, D Tracy, BF AF Sanderson, MA Schnabel, RR Curran, WS Stout, WL Genito, D Tracy, BF TI Switchgrass and big bluestem hay, biomass, and seed yield response to fire and glyphosate treatment SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIES; IMPROVEMENT; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZER; QUACKGRASS; ATRAZINE; GRASSES; FORAGE AB Timing of spring fire and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] treatments is critical to control weeds without compromising production of warm-season grasses. To determine the forage and seed yield response we burned or applied glyphosate to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) in mid-April, early May, and late May in 1998 and 1999 at Rock Springs, PA. Compared with fire in mid-April or early May, a late May burn in 1998 reduced July dry matter yields (simulating a hay harvest) by 40 to 48% but did not affect dry matter yields in September (simulating a biomass feedstock harvest) of either grass. In switchgrass, glyphosate applied in late May reduced July yields by 70% and September yields by 30%. In bluestem, late May application of glyphosate reduced July yields by 90% and September yields by 40%. In both grasses, fire in late May reduced yields less than a late May application of glyphosate. Late May glyphosate treatments reduced seed yield compared with the mid-April date. We conclude that in central Pennsylvania switchgrass or bluestem can be burned through the first week of May (10-15 cm growth) with little effect on hay or biomass yield. Glyphosate should be applied (i) before mid- to late April (just before green-up) if switchgrass or big bluestem is to be harvested as hay in July or for seed in September, or (ii) by the first week of May if the cumulative growth is to be harvested once in autumn. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3802,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mas44@psu.edu NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1688 EP 1692 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800023 ER PT J AU Grant, RF Kimball, BA Wall, GW Triggs, JM Brooks, TJ Pinter, PJ Conley, MM Ottman, MJ Lamorte, RL Leavitt, SW Thompson, TL Matthias, AD AF Grant, RF Kimball, BA Wall, GW Triggs, JM Brooks, TJ Pinter, PJ Conley, MM Ottman, MJ Lamorte, RL Leavitt, SW Thompson, TL Matthias, AD TI Modeling elevated carbon dioxide effects on water relations, water use, and growth of irrigated sorghum SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ENERGY-BALANCE; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SIMULATION-MODEL; FACE EXPERIMENT; USE EFFICIENCY; SPRING-WHEAT AB Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (C-a) are believed to raise sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenchl productivity by improving water relations. In ecosys, water relations are simulated by solving for the canopy water potential (psi(C)) at which water uptake from a model of soil-root-canopy water transfer equilibrates with transpiration from the canopy energy balance. Simulated water relations were tested with psi(C), water uptake, and energy exchange measured under ambient (363 mumol mol(-1)) and elevated (566 mumol mol(-1)) C and high vs. low irrigation in a free air CO2 enrichment experiment during 1998 and 1999. Model results, corroborated by field measurements, showed that elevated C-a raised psi(C) and lowered latent heat fluxes under high irrigation and delayed water stress under low irrigation. Changes in psi(C) modeled under ambient vs. elevated C-a varied diurnally, with lower psi(C) causing earlier midafternoon stomatal closure under ambient C-a. Modeled changes in sorghum water status caused elevated C-a to raise seasonal water efficiency under high and low irrigation by 20 and 26% (vs. 20 and 13% measured) in 1998 and by 9 and 27% (vs. 6 and 26% measured) in 1999. Ecosys was used to generate an irrigation response function for sorghum yield, which indicated that yields would rise by approximate to 13% for a range of irrigation rates if air temperatures were to rise by 3 degreesC and C-a by 50%. Current high sorghum yields could be achieved with approximate to120 mm or approximate to20% less irrigation water if these rises in temperature and C-a were to occur. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resour, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Cent, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geog, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Grant, RF (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resour, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. EM robert.grant@ualberta.ca OI Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1693 EP 1705 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800024 ER PT J AU Ali, I Whisler, FD Iqbal, J Jenkins, JN Mckinion, JM AF Ali, I Whisler, FD Iqbal, J Jenkins, JN Mckinion, JM TI Soil physical properties web database for GOSSYM and GLYCIM crop simulation models SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COTTON; INTERFACE; SYSTEM; IOWA AB Knowledge of soil physical properties is needed for various kinds of environmental studies, including crop simulation where the intended users are agronomists, consultants, and growers. However, acquiring and tabulating a complete set of soils analysis data for a particular region is expensive and laborious. This paper describes the construction of a web-based soil physical properties database to meet data requirements of users of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop simulation models (GOSSYM and GLYCIM, respectively) in addition to providing a generic data file of soil physical properties. The data are comprised of undisturbed samples of 1074 soil horizons (or about 300 sample sites) collected from farmers' fields using a tractor-mounted hydraulic probe. Standard laboratory analyses were performed to determine the various soil physical properties. An Oracle8 relational database management system was designed and implemented to store and deliver the soil physical properties using a client/server approach. A Perl database interface was used for the server-side database connectivity to build the soil files. The database accepts queries on several attributes, including sampling location, soil series name, state, county, farm, etc. This web-based database of soil physical properties was successfully implemented and tested and is available online at www.msstate.edu/ similar toia3/ (verified 11 Aug. 2004) without any restriction of identification or password. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Iqbal, J (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jiqbal@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1706 EP 1710 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800025 ER PT J AU Russelle, MP Birr, AS AF Russelle, MP Birr, AS TI Large-scale assessment of symbiotic dinitrogen fixation by crops: Soybean and alfalfa in the Mississippi river basin SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NITROGEN-FIXATION; INORGANIC NITROGEN; N-2 FIXATION; SYSTEMS; NITRATE; CYCLE; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Human activities have increased the amount of earth's reactive N, resulting in significant improvements in crop yield and animal production but also in environmental degradation and ecosystem disruption in some areas. For example, agriculture has been cited as a major source of N that contributes to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Although other sources of N have been well characterized in large ecosystem studies, the contribution of legume crops to the N cycle has not. Furthermore, the role legumes play in reducing excess N is not widely recognized. Symbiotic N-2 fixation is a facultative process that is reduced by plant N uptake from other sources. Using reported and estimated crop yield and protein concentration with published estimates of soil N mineralization and atmospheric N deposition, we estimated spatial patterns of symbiotic N-2 fixation for soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) across the Mississippi River Basin, the largest in North America. We estimate that alfalfa haylage adds about 20% to total production of dry alfalfa hay and increases total land area in alfalfa by about 11% over that reported in the Census of Agriculture. Our analysis shows wide ranges in N-2 fixation (0 to 185 kg N ha(-1) for soybean and 45 to 470 kg N ha(-1) for alfalfa), reasonable mean rates (84 kg N ha(-1) for soybean and 152 kg N ha(-1) for alfalfa), and suggests that about 2.9 million Mg of fixed N is harvested annually in these two cultivated legumes. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Clim, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Russelle, MP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Rm 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM russelle@umn.edu NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1754 EP 1760 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800030 ER PT J AU Meek, DW Singer, JW AF Meek, DW Singer, JW TI Estimation of duration indices for repeated tensiometer readings SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS REMOVAL; YIELD AB Regression analysis of repeated-measures data from plots in large experiments is both labor intensive and time consuming. When duration estimates characterizing each individual repeated-measures series are of interest, numerical integrations are possible alternatives. This note evaluates a trapezoidal rule for estimating a wetness duration index that is derived from repeated tensiometer readings of matric potential associated with plots in a recent soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] study. Tensiometer repeated-measures series were randomly selected from four of the treatments with their replications for a total of 15 plots (of 420 total) associated with a 2-yr experiment. Regression-based duration estimates were developed and compared with those derived using an unequally spaced trapezoidal rule. Equivalence between the two estimators was assessed based on multiple statistical analyses. The estimators were virtually identical by all criteria. The numerical method is faster and easier to employ. Furthermore, the concept can be applied to other repeated measurements, and the results may be useful as covariates in other analyses. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Meek, DW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM meek@nstl.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1787 EP 1790 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 876YV UT WOS:000225535800035 ER PT J AU Kavinseksan, B Wongsiri, S Rinderer, TE De Guzman, LI AF Kavinseksan, B Wongsiri, S Rinderer, TE De Guzman, LI TI Comparison of the hygienic behavior of ARS Russian and commercial honey bees in Thailand SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FAR-EASTERN RUSSIA; VARROA-JACOBSONI; TROPILAELAPS-CLAREAE; RESISTANCE; DISEASE; BROOD AB The hygienic behavior of honey bees (Apis spp) is a mechanism of disease and mite resistance. Hygienic honey bees detect, uncap, and remove diseased or parasitized brood, including the parasites, from the colony. This study compared the hygienic behavior of honey bees commercially available in Thailand to that of ARS Russian honey bees, which are known for their resistance to varroa and tracheal mites in the United States. Ten Thai and 10 ARS Russian honey bee colonies were compared for their rates of brood removal using the liquid nitrogen technique. Results from two assays showed that both Thai and ARS Russian honey bees displayed similar (P = 0.602) rates of brood removal with means of 85.5 +/- 3.7% and 82.6 +/- 4.2%, respectively. For both stocks, 50% of the colonies were considered hygienic since they consistently showed >95% brood removal in both assays. The number of adult worker honey bees was not correlated to the rate of hygienic behavior. C1 Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Biol, Bangkok 10600, Thailand. Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Ctr Excellence Entomol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Kavinseksan, B (reprint author), Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Biol, Isaraphab Rd, Bangkok 10600, Thailand. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 144 IS 11 BP 870 EP 872 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 867XF UT WOS:000224875400020 ER PT J AU Goodwin, BK Vandeveer, ML Deal, JL AF Goodwin, BK Vandeveer, ML Deal, JL TI An empirical analysis of acreage effects of participation in the Federal Crop Insurance program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE acreage response; crop insurance ID DEMAND AB The extent to which crop insurance programs have resulted in additional land being brought into production has been a topic of considerable debate. We consider multiequation structural models of acreage response, insurance participation, CRP enrollment, and input usage. Our analysis focuses on corn and soybean production in the Corn Belt and wheat and barley production in the Upper Great Plains. Our results confirm that increased participation in insurance programs provokes statistically significant acreage responses in some cases, though the response is very modest in every case. In the most extreme cases, 30% decreases in premiums as a result of increased subsidies provoke acreage increases ranging from 0.2% to 1.1%. A number of policy simulations involving increases in premium subsidies are considered. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Goodwin, BK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1058 EP 1077 DI 10.1111/j.0002-9092.2004.00653.x PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 860JX UT WOS:000224341000014 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, SA TI New approaches to iron fortification: role of bioavailability studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; ANEMIA; ABSORPTION; INFANTS; ZINC C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1104 EP 1105 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870EE UT WOS:000225036000003 PM 15531655 ER PT J AU Mozaffarian, D Rimm, EB Herrington, DM AF Mozaffarian, D Rimm, EB Herrington, DM TI Dietary fats, carbohydrate, and progression of coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE diet; saturated fat; carbohydrate; coronary atherosclerosis; women ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; ARTERY DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; INTERVENTION TRIAL; UNSATURATED FAT; FOLLOW-UP; A-I; CHOLESTEROL AB Background: The influence of diet on atherosclerotic progression is not well established, particularly in postmenopausal women, in whom risk factors for progression may differ from those for men. Objective: The objective was to investigate associations between dietary macronutrients and progression of coronary atherosclerosis among postmenopausal women. Design: Quantitative coronary angiography was performed at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 3.1 y in 2243 coronary segments in 235 postmenopausal women with established coronary heart disease. Usual dietary intake was assessed at baseline. Results: The mean (+/-SD) total fat intake was 25+/-6% of energy. In multivariate analyses. a higher saturated fat intake was associated with a smaller decline in mean minimal coronary diameter (P = 0.001) and less progression of coronary stenosis (P = 0.002) during follow-up. Compared with a 0.22-mm decline in the lowest quartile of intake. there was a 0.10-mm decline in the second quartile (P = 0.002), a 0.07-mm decline in the third quartile (P = 0.002), and no decline in the fourth quartile (P < 0.001); P for trend = 0.001. This inverse association was more pronounced among women with lower monounsaturated fat (P for interaction = 0.04) and higher carbohydrate (P for interaction 0.004) intakes and possibly lower total fat intake (P for interaction 0.09). Carbohydrate intake was positively associated with atherosclerotic progression (P = 0.001), particularly when the glycemic index was high. Polyunsaturated fat intake was positively associated with progression when replacing other fats (P = 0.04) but not when replacing carbohydrate or protein. Monounsaturated and total fat intakes were not associated with progression. Conclusions: In postmenopausal women with relatively low total fat intake, a greater saturated fat intake is associated with less progression of coronary atherosclerosis. whereas carbohydrate intake is associated with a greater progression. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epodemiol & Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Hlth Serv Res & Dev Program, Seattle, WA USA. Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Cardiol Sect, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Mozaffarian, D (reprint author), 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 2,Room 315, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Mozaffarian, Dariush/B-2276-2008 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR007122, M01 RR07122]; NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL-45488, K08 HL075628]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK007703, DK07703] NR 53 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1175 EP 1184 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870EE UT WOS:000225036000011 PM 15531663 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, J AF Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, J TI Diets containing barley significantly reduce lipids in mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE barley; beta-glucans; whole grains; cholesterol; triacylglycerols; lipoprotein fractions ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CROSSOVER; METABOLIC RISK PROFILE; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; FREE-LIVING MEN; OAT-BRAN; BETA-GLUCAN; LDL-CHOLESTEROL; MODERATE HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL AB Background: Barley has high amounts of soluble fiber but is not extensively consumed in the US diet. Objective: This study investigated whether consumption of barley would reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors comparably with that of other sources of soluble fiber. Design: Mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects (9 postmenopausal women, 9 premenopausal women, and 7 men) consumed controlled American Heart Association Step 1 diets for 17 wk. After a 2-wk adaptation period, whole-grain foods containing 0, 3, or 6 g beta-glucan/d from barley were included in the Step 1 diet menus. Diets were consumed for 5 wk each and were fed in a Latin-square design. Fasting blood samples were collected twice weekly. Results: Total cholesterol was significantly lower when the diet contained 3 or 6g beta-glucan/d from barley than when it contained no beta-glucan: the greatest change occurred in the men and postmenopausal women. HDL and triacylglycerol concentrations did not differ with the 3 amounts of dietary beta-glucan. Large LDL and small VLDL fractions and mean LDL particle size significantly decreased when whole grains were incorporated into the 3 diets. Large LDL and large and intermediate HDL fractions were significantly higher, mean LDL particle size was significantly greater, and intermediate VLDL fractions were significantly lower in the postmenopausal women than in the other 2 groups. A group-by-diet interaction effect was observed on LDL fractions and small LDL particle size. Conclusion: The addition of barley to a healthy diet may be effective in lowering total and LDL cholesterol in both men and women. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Behall, KM (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Bldg 307B,Room 220, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM behall@bhnrc.arsusda.gov NR 47 TC 113 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1185 EP 1193 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870EE UT WOS:000225036000012 PM 15531664 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JY Solomons, NW Medrano, Y Bulux, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM Wallace, CB AF Ribaya-Mercado, JY Solomons, NW Medrano, Y Bulux, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM Wallace, CB TI Use of the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique to monitor the vitamin A status of nicaraguan schoolchildren 1 y after initiation of the nicaraguan national program of sugar fortification with vitamin A SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin A; total-body vitamin A stores; liver vitamin A; deuterated retinol dilution; stable-isotope dilution; retinol; carotenoids; beta-carotene; vitamin A-fortified sugar; nicaraguan children ID TOTAL-BODY STORES; BETA-CAROTENE; LIVER CONCENTRATIONS; NORMAL POPULATION; PLASMA RESPONSE; DIETARY VITAMIN; CHILDREN; SERUM; VEGETABLES; HUMANS AB Background: Nicaragua initiated a national program of vitamin A fortification of its domestic sugar supply starting with the 1999-2000 sugarcane harvest. Objective: This study was conducted to document any change in the vitamin A status of a cohort of children during the first year of the program. Design: The vitamin A status of 21 Nicaraguan schoolchildren (mean age: 6.7 y; range: 5.3-9.3 y) was assessed in March 2000 and in March 2001. Total-body vitamin A stores and liver vitamin A concentrations were estimated with the deuterated-retinol-dilution (DRD) technique at a dose of 5 mg [H-2(4)] retinyl acetate at baseline and 5 mg [H-2(4)]retinyl acetate during the repeat test 1 y later. Plasma retinol and carotenoids were measured by HPLC. Results: Median total-body vitamin A stores increased from 0.33 to 0.72 mmol (P = 0.0001), liver vitamin A concentrations from 0.52 to 0.78 mumol/g (P = 0.0003), and plasma retinol concentrations increased from 0.97 to 1.17 mumol/L (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The vitamin A status of Nicaraguan schoolchildren improved during the year after the initial distribution of vitamin A-fortified sugar in Nicaragua. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Studies Sensory Impairment Aging & Metab, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Nacl Autonoma Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua. RP Ribaya-Mercado, JY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM judy.ribaya-mercado@tufts.edu NR 55 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1298 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870EE UT WOS:000225036000026 PM 15531678 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Friel, JK Johnson, LK AF Hunt, CD Friel, JK Johnson, LK TI Boron concentrations in milk from mothers of full-term and premature infants(1-4) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE boron; copper; iron; selenium; zinc; human milk; lactation; prematurity; full-term infants; development ID BREAST-FED INFANTS; DIETARY BORON; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; LONGITUDINAL CHANGES; MINERAL METABOLISM; SERINE-PROTEASE; SUPPLEMENTATION; MAGNESIUM; SELENIUM; CALCIUM AB Background: Boron is a bioactive element that satisfies several of the criteria for essentiality in humans. Objective: The objective was to establish the profile of boron metabolism in human milk. Design: Lactating mothers of premature (PRT; n = 10, <2000 g birth weight. <37 wk gestation) and full-term (FT; n = 10, >2500 39-41 wk gestation) infants living in St John's, Canada, collected milk samples once a week for 12 wk. Samples were analyzed for boron, copper, iron, selenium. and zinc by atomic emission or absorption spectrometry, after wet-ash digestion with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in polytetrafluoroethylene tubes. Results: A mixed-model analysis of variance indicated that boron concentrations were stable in full-term (30 and 28 mug/L milk; P = 0.5) but not in preterm (37 and 27 mug/L; P = 0.01) milk between weeks 1 and 12. respectively. As expected, there were reductions in the concentrations of copper (FT: 651 to 360 mug/L, P < 0.0001 ; PRT:542 to 425, P = 0.05), iron (FT: 355 to 225 mug/L, P = 0.0003; PRT: 406 to 287, P = 0.002), selenium (FT: 26.9 to 18.6 mug/L, P < 0.0001; PRT: 28.7 to 20.4. P < 0.0001), and zinc (FT: 4060 to 1190 mug/L P < 0.0001; PRT: 5970 to 1270, P < 0.0001) over time. Conclusions: The stable milk boron concentrations over time suggest that boron may be under homeostatic control. The patterns of change in copper, iron, selenium. and zinc concentrations in milk differ from those of boron. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of milk boron secretion. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Human Nutr Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Hunt, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM chunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1333 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870EE UT WOS:000225036000031 PM 15531683 ER PT J AU Graff, M Thacher, TD Fischer, PR Stadler, D Pam, SD Pettifor, JM Isichei, CO Abrams, SA AF Graff, M Thacher, TD Fischer, PR Stadler, D Pam, SD Pettifor, JM Isichei, CO Abrams, SA TI Calcium absorption in Nigerian children with rickets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2000 Meeting CY APR 14-19, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE stable isotopes; diet; vitamin D; calcium excretion; Nigeria; nutritional rickets; dietary calcium deficiency; intestinal calcium absorption ID VITAMIN-D-DEFICIENCY; LOW DIETARY CALCIUM; NUTRITIONAL RICKETS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; MUSCLE AB Background: Nutritional rickets is common in Nigerian children and responds to calcium supplementation. Low dietary calcium intakes are also common in Nigerian children with and without rickets. Objective: The objective was to assess intestinal calcium absorption in Nigerian children with rickets. Design: Calcium absorption was assessed in 15 children with active rickets (2-8 y of age) and in 15 age- and sex-matched children without rickets by using a dual-tracer stable-isotope method. The children with rickets were supplemented with calcium for 6 mo; calcium absorption was reevaluated 12 mo after the baseline study. Fractional calcium absorption could be determined in 10 children with rickets and in 10 children without rickets. Results: The children with and without rickets had dietary calcium intakes of 200 mg/d. Compared with the control children, the children with rickets had lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium concentrations and greater 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentrations. In fact, there were 15 rachitic and 15 control children in the study. Mean (+/-SD) fractional calcium absorption did not differ between those with (61 +/- 20%) and without (63 +/- 13%) rickets (P = 0.47). Calcium absorption was not associated with serum concentrations of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, or parathyroid hormone. Mean fractional calcium absorption was significantly greater after (81 +/- 10%) than before (61 +/- 20%) calcium supplementation for the treatment of rickets (P = 0.035). Conclusions: In Nigerian children with rickets, the capacity to absorb calcium is not impaired; however, fractional calcium absorption increases after the resolution of active disease. Calcium absorption may be inadequate to meet the skeletal demands of children with rickets during the active phase of the disease, despite being similar to that of control children. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Food & Nutr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Jos, Teaching Hosp, Dept Family Med, Jos, Nigeria. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Div Endocrinol Diabet Clin Nutr, Dept Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ Jos, Dept Paediat, Jos, Nigeria. Univ Jos, Dept Chem Pathol, Jos, Nigeria. Univ Witwatersrand, MRC, Mineral Metab Res Unit, Dept Pediat, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. Chris Hani Baragwanath Hosp, Bertsham, South Africa. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Fischer, PR (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM fischer.phil@mayo.edu RI Thacher, Tom/B-3356-2009; Pettifor, John/D-5943-2012; OI Pettifor, John/0000-0003-1155-0334; Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1421 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870EE UT WOS:000225036000043 PM 15531695 ER PT J AU Stavinoha, MA RaySpellicy, JW Essop, MF Graveleau, C Abel, ED Hart-Sailors, ML Mersmann, HJ Bray, MS Young, ME AF Stavinoha, MA RaySpellicy, JW Essop, MF Graveleau, C Abel, ED Hart-Sailors, ML Mersmann, HJ Bray, MS Young, ME TI Evidence for mitochondrial thioesterase 1 as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-regulated gene in cardiac and skeletal muscle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE nonesterified fatty acids; uncoupling protein 3; diurnal variations; diabetes; fasting ID FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; ACYL-COA THIOESTERASE; BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; UNCOUPLING PROTEIN-3; LONG-CHAIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; RAT-LIVER; ENERGY-METABOLISM; LIPID-METABOLISM; MESSENGER-RNA AB The physiological role of mitochondrial thioesterase 1 (MTE1) is unknown. It was proposed that MTE1 promotes fatty acid (FA) oxidation (FAO) by acting in concert with uncoupling protein (UCP)3. We previously showed that ucp3 is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha)-regulated gene, allowing induction when FA availability increases. On the assumption that UCP3 and MTE1 act in partnership to increase FAO, we hypothesized that mte1 is also a PPARalpha-regulated gene in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Using real-time RT-PCR, we characterized mte1 gene expression in rat heart and soleus muscles. Messenger RNA encoding for mte1 was 3.2-fold higher in heart than in soleus muscle. Cardiac mte1 mRNA exhibited modest diurnal variation, with 1.4-fold higher levels during dark phase. In contrast, skeletal muscle mte1 mRNA remained relatively constant over the course of the day. High-fat feeding, fasting, and streptozotocin-induced diabetes, interventions that increase FA availability, muscle PPARalpha activity, and muscle FAO rates, increased mte1 mRNA in heart and soleus muscle. Conversely, pressure overload and hypoxia, interventions that decrease cardiac PPARalpha activity and FAO rates, repressed cardiac mte1 expression. Specific activation of PPARalpha in vivo through WY-14643 administration rapidly induced mte1 mRNA in cardiac and skeletal muscle. WY-14643 also induced mte1 mRNA in isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes dose dependently. Expression of mte1 was markedly lower in hearts and soleus muscles isolated from PPARalpha-null mice. Alterations in cardiac and skeletal muscle ucp3 expression mirrored that of mte1 in all models investigated. In conclusion, mte1, like ucp3, is a PPARalpha-regulated gene in cardiac and skeletal muscle. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Brown Fdn Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Hatter Inst Cardiol Res, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Utah, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Brown Fdn Inst Mol Med, 2121 W Holcombe Blvd,IBT 1011B, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Martin.E.Young@uth.tmc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-074259-01] NR 51 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 287 IS 5 BP E888 EP E895 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00190.2004 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 860YU UT WOS:000224382400014 PM 15292030 ER PT J AU Stavinoha, MA RaySpellicy, JW Hart-Sailors, ML Mersmann, HJ Bray, MS Young, ME AF Stavinoha, MA RaySpellicy, JW Hart-Sailors, ML Mersmann, HJ Bray, MS Young, ME TI Diurnal variations in the responsiveness of cardiac and skeletal muscle to fatty acids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE diabetes; fasting; high-fat feeding; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha; pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; PPAR-ALPHA; HEART; EXPRESSION; OXIDATION; GENE; TRANSCRIPTION; METABOLISM; ADAPTATION AB Cardiac and skeletal muscle both respond to elevated fatty acid availability by increasing fatty acid oxidation, an effect mediated in large part by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha). We hypothesized that cardiac and skeletal muscle alter their responsiveness to fatty acids over the course of the day, allowing optimal adaptation when availability of this substrate increases. In the current study, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (pdk4) was utilized as a representative PPARalpha-regulated gene. Opposing diurnal variations in pdk4 expression were observed in cardiac and skeletal muscle isolated from the ad libitum-fed rat; pdk4 expression peaked in the middle of the dark and light phases, respectively. Elevation of circulating fatty acid levels by high-fat feeding, fasting, and streptozotocin-induced diabetes increased pdk4 expression in both heart and soleus muscle. Highest levels of induction were observed during the dark phase, regardless of muscle type or intervention. Specific activation of PPARalpha with WY-14643 rapidly induced pdk4 expression in heart and soleus muscle. Highest levels of induction were again observed during the dark phase. The same pattern of induction was observed for the PPARalpha-regulated genes malonyl-CoA decarboxylase and uncoupling protein 3. Investigation into the potential mechanism(s) for these observations exposed a coordinated upregulation of transcriptional activators of the PPARalpha system during the night, with a concomitant downregulation of transcriptional repressors in both muscle types. In conclusion, responsiveness of cardiac and skeletal muscle to fatty acids exhibits a marked diurnal variation. These observations have important physiological and pathophysiological implications, ranging from experimental design to pharmacological treatment of patients. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Brown Fdn Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Brown Fdn Inst Mol Med, 2121 W Holcombe Blvd,IBT 1011B, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Martin.E.Young@uth.tmc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-07425-01] NR 25 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 287 IS 5 BP E878 EP E887 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00189.2004 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 860YU UT WOS:000224382400013 PM 15292029 ER PT J AU Bamberg, JB del Rio, AH AF Bamberg, JB del Rio, AH TI Genetic heterogeneity estimated by RAFD polymorphism of four tuber-bearing potato species differing by breeding system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAPD MARKERS; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; WILD AB Most wild potato germplasm in genebanks is collected, preserved, and evaluated as botanical seed populations that may be highly heterozygous and heterogeneous. However, some species are selfers so potentially very homozygous, perhaps also homogeneous. Intrapopulation heterogeneity increases sampling error that can undermine consistency in seed regeneration in the genebank, screening results, germplasm collecting, and estimates of taxonomic relationships. Thus, knowledge of genetic heterogeneity (GH) can predict the need to commit more resources for larger sample sizes or replication when populations of a given species are being regenerated, evaluated, collected, and classified. This, study investigated within-population GH in 32 potato populations comprising four different breeding systems observed in Solanum species: S. fendleri (2n=4x=48, disomic selfer), S. jamesii (2n=2x=24, outcrosser), S. sucrense (2n=4x=48, tetrasomic outcrosser), and S. verrucosum (2n=2x=24, selfer). RAPD markers were used to estimate heterogeneity among 24 individuals per population. Populations of S. verrucosum were quite homogeneous with an average GH of 6.0%. Similarly low heterogeneity was detected among the eight populations of S. fendleri (average GH=7.1%). In contrast, S. jamesii and S. sucrense had a much higher GH of 29.4% and 44.1%, respectively. These results demonstrate and quantify the great difference in intrapopulation heterogeneity among wild potato species. Calculations based on intrapopulation heterogeneity indicate that samples should be composed of 25 to 30 random plants for low sample variation that is uniform for all species. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Univ, Interreg Potato Introduct Stn, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bamberg, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Univ, Interreg Potato Introduct Stn, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM nr6jb@ars-grin.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 81 IS 6 BP 377 EP 383 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 885XO UT WOS:000226190800002 ER PT J AU Davis, JR Huisman, OC Westermann, DT Everson, DO Schneider, A Sorensen, LH AF Davis, JR Huisman, OC Westermann, DT Everson, DO Schneider, A Sorensen, LH TI Some unique benefits with sudangrass for improved US #1 yields and size of Russet Burbank potato SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VERTICILLIUM WILT; POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION; NITROGEN; COLONIZATION; CULTIVARS; DAHLIAE; SOIL AB Three studies provided additional knowledge of beneficial effects of sudangrass for yield and quality increases of the Russet Burbank potato. Two of these studies showed significant increases of both U.S. #1 and smooth tubers >280 g following green manures of sudangrass. These sudangrass (HS-33) effects did not differ from a sorghum-sudan hybrid (Trudan-8). When a sudangrass green manure was compared with a fallow treatment, results of the first study showed mean yield increases of 36% for U.S. #1 tubers >280 g and yields of a second study by 34% for U.S. #1 tubers. This same sudangrass treatment outperformed green manures of either Austrian winter pea, barley, or sweet corn by increased U.S. #1 yields that ranged from 27% to 61%. By several lines of evidence, these benefits were found to extend beyond the effect of Verticillium suppression. Soil N was significantly increased following green manures of sudangrass, and these increases were in turn negatively correlated with wilt incidence and positively correlated with yields of both U.S. #1 tubers and tubers >280 g. Additional benefits also included significant increases of tuber grade percentages for marketable tubers and of smooth tubers >280 g. Benefits from sudangrass green manures beyond the effects of Verticillium suppression became further evident following a greenhouse study that involved field soil and sudangrass that had been grown in the same field. This study corroborated both field experiments by showing increased yields with green manures of sudangrass that approximated 5.5 t ha(-1) dry wt. As with the field studies, these yield benefits also extended beyond the effects of Verticillium. suppression and were closely associated with significant increases of Fusarium equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. solani. Throughout all studies, sudangrass green manures significantly increased microbial activities with increased populations of Fusarium spp. and increased concentrations in soil of mineralizable N, organic P, K, Mn, along with the percent soil organic matter - all factors that could have contributed to significant increases of yield and quality. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Idaho, Div Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Davis, JR (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM jrd@uidaho.edu NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 81 IS 6 BP 403 EP 413 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 885XO UT WOS:000226190800005 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Mojtahedi, H Bamberg, J AF Brown, CR Mojtahedi, H Bamberg, J TI Evaluation of Solanum fendleri as a source of resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; CULTIVATED POTATO; M-FALLAX; BULBOCASTANUM; COLUMBIA; INTROGRESSION; HOUGASII AB Twelve accessions of Solanum fendleri collected in the United States and Mexico were inoculated with 5,000 eggs of host-races 1 and 2 of Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Columbia root-knot nematode. The test seedlings that were derived from plant introduction true seed lots were maintained for 55 days before harvest and egg count. The results revealed that two accessions, PI 275162 and PI 275165, were non-hosts (final egg count/initial egg inoculation < 0.1) for M. chitwoodi race 1. The results were uniformly confirmed in the second experiment. No resistance was found to race 2. The tetraploid S. fendleri accessions were crossed to a nematode-susceptible cultivated diploid potato clone from a S. phureja-stenotomum population. The triploid hybrids expressed resistance to race 1 at the non-host level. After somatic doubling, the resulting hexaploids also expressed non-host-level resistance to race 1. The two resistant accessions had been collected in southeastern Arizona, one each from the Huachuca and Chiricahua Mountains. Each range is an isolated island of high-elevation mesic flora surrounded by typical lower-elevation Sonora-type desert habitat. These accessions are the only known sources of resistance to M. chitwoodi from wild Solanum species in the USA. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, US Potato Genebank, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM cbrown@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 81 IS 6 BP 415 EP 419 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 885XO UT WOS:000226190800006 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Waters, WR Whipple, DL AF Palmer, MV Waters, WR Whipple, DL TI Investigation of the transmission of Mycobacterium bovis from deer to cattle through indirect contact SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; RESPIRATORY TRACTS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; TUBERCULIN TEST; NEW-ZEALAND; INFECTION; MICHIGAN; CALVES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective-To investigate the infection of calves with Mycobacterium bovis through oral exposure and transmission of M bovis from experimentally infected white-tailed deer to uninfected cattle through indirect contact. Animals-24 11-month-old, white-tailed deer and 28 6-month-old, crossbred calves. Procedure-In the oral exposure experiment, doses of 4.3 X 10(6) CFUs (high dose) or 5 X 10(3) CFUs (low dose) of M bovis were each administered orally to 4 calves; as positive controls, 2 calves received M bovis (1.7 X 10(6) CFUs) via tonsillar instillation. Calves were euthanatized and examined 133 days after exposure. Deer-to-cattle transmission was assessed in 2 phases (involving 9 uninfected calves and 12 deer each); deer were inoculated with 4 X 10(5) CFUs (phase I) or 7 X 10(5) CFUs (phase II) of M Bovis. Calves and deer exchanged pens (phase I; 90 days' duration) or calves received uneaten feed from deer pens (phase II; 140 days' duration) daily. At completion, animals were euthanatized and tissues were collected for bacteriologic culture and histologic examination. Results-In the low- and high-dose groups, 3 of 4 calves and 1 of 4 calves developed tuberculosis, respectively. In phases I and II, 9 of 9 calves and 4 of 9 calves developed tuberculosis, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated that experimentally infected deer can transmit M bovis to cattle through sharing of feed. In areas where tuberculosis is endemic in free-ranging white-tailed deer, management practices to prevent access of wildlife to feed intended for livestock should be implemented. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1483 EP 1489 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.1483 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 865XS UT WOS:000224738100006 PM 15566085 ER PT J AU Gay, CC Panter, KE Mealey, KL Gay, JM Hjartarson, SW Tibary, A Motteram, ES Wierenga, T James, LF AF Gay, CC Panter, KE Mealey, KL Gay, JM Hjartarson, SW Tibary, A Motteram, ES Wierenga, T James, LF TI Comparison of plasma disposition of alkaloids after lupine challenge in cattle that had given birth to calves with lupine-induced arthrogryposis or clinically normal calves SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CROOKED CALF DISEASE; WESTERN AMERICAN LUPINES; ANAGYRINE; QUINOLIZIDINE; INGESTION; FORMOSUS; PLANTS; GOATS AB Objective-To compare plasma disposition of alkaloids after lupine challenge in cattle that had given birth to calves with lupine-induced arthrogryposis and cattle that had given birth to clinically normal calves and determine whether the difference in outcome was associated with differences in plasma disposition of anagyrine. Animals-6 cows that had given birth to calves with arthrogryposis and 6 cows that had given birth to clinically normal calves after being similarly exposed to lupine during pregnancy. Procedures-Dried lupine (2 g/kg) was administered via gavage. Blood samples were collected before and at various time points for 48 hours after lupine administration. Anagyrine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, and lupanine concentrations in plasma were measured by use of gas chromatography. Plasma alkaloid concentration versus time curves were generated for each alkaloid, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each cow. Results-No significant differences in area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, maximum plasma concentration, time to reach maximum plasma concentration, and mean residence time for the 3 alkaloids were found between groups. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Because no differences were found in plasma disposition of anagyrine following lupine challenge between cattle that had given birth to calves with arthrogryposis and those that had not, our findings do not support the hypothesis that between-cow differences in plasma disposition of anagyrine account for within-herd differences in risk for lupine-induced arthrogryposis. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Field Dis Invest Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Gay, JM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Field Dis Invest Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1580 EP 1583 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.1580 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 865XS UT WOS:000224738100021 PM 15566098 ER PT J AU Tilley, M Benjamin, RE Srivarin, P Tilley, KA AF Tilley, M Benjamin, RE Srivarin, P Tilley, KA TI Nonenzymatic preparative-scale synthesis of dityrosine and 3-bromotyrosine SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE STRESS C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Inst Food Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Tilley, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM mtilley@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 334 IS 1 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2004.07.014 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 865NU UT WOS:000224710600021 PM 15464968 ER PT J AU Miller, GL Oswald, JD Miller, DR AF Miller, GL Oswald, JD Miller, DR TI Lacewings and scale insects: A review of predator/prey associations between the Neuropterida and Coccoidea (Insecta : Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, Hemiptera) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Review DE scale insects; biological control; lacewings; snakeflies; biogeographic origin ID MACONELLICOCCUS-HIRSUTUS GREEN; NATURAL ENEMIES; ALEUROPTERYX-JUNIPERI; US AGRICULTURE; GRAPE MEALYBUG; NORTH-AMERICA; WEST-AFRICA; PSEUDOCOCCIDAE; HOMOPTERA; CITRUS AB Information on 263 Neuropterida/ Coccoidea associations with additional detailed data on the most commonly encountered taxa is presented. included for each entry, where applicable, is the predator, Coccoidea prey, validation source, prey plant host, and biogeographic origin. C1 USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Miller, GL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM gmiller@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 207 TC 10 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1103 EP 1125 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[1103:LASIAR]2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 874EZ UT WOS:000225335000003 ER PT J AU Simmons, RB Pogue, MG AF Simmons, RB Pogue, MG TI Redescription of two often-confused noctuid pests, Copitarsia decolora and Copitarsia incommoda (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae : Cuculliinae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE misidentification; morphology; agriculturally important species AB Members of the genus Copitarsia Hampson (Noctuidae) are widespread pests of many agricultural commodities in Central and South America. Two species, Copitarsia incommoda (Walker) and Copitarsia turbata (Herrich-Schaffer), are of particular concern. This misidentification has affected life history studies, risk assessments, and biological control of these pest species. This article redescribes these species and distinguishes them from each other by using adult morphology. C. turbata is placed as a NEW SYNONYM of Copitarsia decolora (Guenee), Copitarsia margaritella (Dognin) is placed as a junior synonym of C. decolora (REVISED SYNONYM), and Copitarsia hampsoni (Brethes) is designated as a NEW SYNONYM of C. incommoda. C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA, ARS, Smithsonian Inst,Plant Sci Inst,Systemat Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Simmons, RB (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Box 9019, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM rebecca.simmons@und.nodak.edu NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1159 EP 1164 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[1159:ROTONP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 874EZ UT WOS:000225335000006 ER PT J AU Scheffer, SJ Giblin-Davis, RM Taylor, GS Davies, KA Purcell, M Lewis, ML Goolsby, J Center, TD AF Scheffer, SJ Giblin-Davis, RM Taylor, GS Davies, KA Purcell, M Lewis, ML Goolsby, J Center, TD TI Phylogenetic relationships, species limits, and host specificity of gall-forming Fergusonina flies (Diptera : Fergusoninidae) feeding on Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Fergusoninidae; mutualism; gall; plant parasitism; cryptic species ID SPECIALIZATION; QUINQUENERVIA; EVOLUTION AB Phylogenetic analysis of recently described gall-forming Fergusonina Malloch flies was performed using DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. Fifty-three flies reared from nine species of Melaleuca L. were sequenced. Species boundaries delimited by mitochondrial data confirm recent morphological investigation with one exception. Fergusonina turneri Taylor, believed to feed-on both Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake and Melaleuca fluviatilis Barlow, seems to be comprised of two cryptic species, each specialized on one of the two hosts. Because F turneri is under consideration as a potential biological control agent for invasive M. quinquenervia in the Florida Everglades, understanding cryptic variation and, the degree of dietary specialization of this species is C n-tical. C1 USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Adelaide, Ctr Evolut Biol & Biodivers, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr & Wine, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. USDA, Australian Biol Control Lab, PMB 3, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Scheffer, SJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Bldg 005,Rm 137,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sscheffe@sel.barc.usda.gov RI Purcell, Matthew/C-2098-2008 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1216 EP 1221 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[1216:PRSLAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 874EZ UT WOS:000225335000010 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, MG TI A new synonym of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and differentiation of adult males of H-zea and H-armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae : Heliothinae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE invasive species; corn earworm; old world bollworm; cotton; corn ID ECOLOGY AB The taxonomic history of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is discussed. Heliothis stombleri Okumura and Bauer is a new synonym of H. zea. The best diagnostic characters occur in the vesica of the male genitalia. These include (1) number of diverticula at the base, (2) length and number of coils, (3) number of cornuti visible on the uninflated vesica inside the aedoeagus, and (4) valve length. All diagnostic characters are described and shown. Methods for examining large samples of H. zea for possible H. armigera include placing the entire sample into suitable containers of 10% KOH for 18 -24 h and dissecting the genitalia and measuring the valve length. It was found that H. zea had a longer mean valve length than H. armigera, but there was some overlap. Specimens whose valve length was <5.0 mm were examined for the diagnostic characters present on the vesica. C1 USDA, ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mpogue@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 18 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1222 EP 1226 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[1222:ANSOHZ]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 874EZ UT WOS:000225335000011 ER PT J AU Yoshiyama, M Shukle, RH AF Yoshiyama, M Shukle, RH TI Molecular cloning and characterization of a glutathione S-transferase gene from Hessian fly (Diptera : Cecidomviidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Hessian fly; Mayetiola destructor; glutathione S-transferase; plant allelocheinicals ID HOUSEFLY MUSCA-DOMESTICA; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; CECIDOMYIIDAE; WHEAT; RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE; INSECTS; FAMILY; MECHANISMS; DROSOPHILA AB The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), poses a significant economic threat to wheat in terms of reduced grain yield, particularly in the eastern soft-winter-wheat region of the United States, However, little is know about the molecular mechanisms involved in the plant-insect interaction. The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) form a large family of enzymes that protect cells from damage by reactive electrophilic compounds. We have cloned and characterized two GST genes from biotype GP of the Hessian fly. Sequence analysis and homology searches of the coding region for the first gene (designated mdesgst1-1) indicated it contained an intact coding region for a GST-like protein sharing homology to the insect class I GSTs. Analysis of the coding region for the second gene indicated it contained numerous stops and was most probably a pseudogene. Southern analysis and in situ hybridization on polytene chromosomes suggested the class I CSTs in M. destructor are encoded by a small gene family that is arranged sequentially on the short-arm of chromosome XI. Expression in vitro of the protein encoded by mdesgst1-1, and biochemical analysis of activity confirmed the mdesGST1-1 protein was catalytically active. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed mdesgst1-1 was expressed in midgut tissue, fat body, and salivary glands of larvae. Preliminary results front double-stranded RNA interference of GST gene expression seem to suggest a role for GSTs in the biochemical adaptation of M. destructor larvae to wheat. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Yoshiyama, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1293 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[1285:MCACOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 874EZ UT WOS:000225335000018 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS Collins, AM Wilbanks, R Feldlaufer, MF AF Pettis, JS Collins, AM Wilbanks, R Feldlaufer, MF TI Effects of coumaphos on queen rearing in the honey bee, Apis mellifera SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE coumaphos; queen rearing; residues; beeswax ID VARROA-JACOBSONI; PERSISTENCE; FLUVALINATE; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE AB Young honey bee larvae were transferred into the queen cups containing known concentrations (0 to 1000 mg/kg) of the organophosphate pesticide coumaphos. These larvae were placed in queenless colonies and examined ten days later to determine the rate of rejection or acceptance as indicated by a mature sealed queen cell. All queens failed to develop at 1000 mg/kg, and greater than 50% of the queen cells were rejected at the 100 mg/kg concentration. Additionally, queens that survived exposure to 100 mg/kg coumaphos weighed significantly less than control queens. The implications of exposure of developing queens to sublethal amounts of pesticides are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Wilbanks Apiaries, Claxton, GA 30417 USA. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pettisj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 16 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 605 EP 610 DI 10.1051/apido:2004056 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881SI UT WOS:000225889300005 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC Chang, PK Yu, JJ Cotty, PJ AF Ehrlich, KC Chang, PK Yu, JJ Cotty, PJ TI Aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster gene cypA is required for G aflatoxin formation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS STRAINS; O-METHYLSTERIGMATOCYSTIN; DEHYDROGENASE GENE; PARASITICUS; MONOOXYGENASE; AFLR; ENZYMES; PROTEIN; CYTOCHROME-P-450; VARIABILITY AB Aspergillus flavus isolates produce only aflatoxins B1 and B2, while Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus nomius produce aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2. Sequence comparison of the aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway gene cluster upstream from the polyketide synthase gene, pksA, revealed that A. flavus isolates are missing portions of genes (cypA and norB) predicted to encode, respectively, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and an aryl alcohol dehydrogenase. Insertional disruption of cypA in A. parasiticus yielded transformants that lack the ability to produce G aflatoxins but not B aflatoxins. The enzyme encoded by cypA has highest amino acid identity to Gibberella zeae Tri4 (38%), a P450 monooxygenase previously shown to be involved in trichodiene epoxidation. The substrate for CypA may be an intermediate formed by oxidative cleavage of the A ring of O-methylsterigmatocystin by OrdA, the P450 monooxygenase required for formation of aflatoxins B1 and B2. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687,1100 RE Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM ehrlich@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 87 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 11 BP 6518 EP 6524 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.11.6518-6524.2004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 870RR UT WOS:000225076100023 PM 15528514 ER PT J AU Jin, YS Laplaza, JM Jeffries, TW AF Jin, YS Laplaza, JM Jeffries, TW TI Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered for xylose metabolism exhibits a respiratory response SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YEAST PICHIA-STIPITIS; PENTOSE-PHOSPHATE PATHWAY; HEXOSE TRANSPORTERS; CHEMOSTAT CULTURES; GENE-EXPRESSION; D-XYLULOSE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; CATABOLITE REPRESSION; XYLITOL DEHYDROGENASE AB Native strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae do not assimilate xylose. S. cerevisiae engineered for D-xylose utilization through the heterologous expression of genes for aldose reductase (XYL1), xylitol dehydrogenase (XYL2), and D-xlyulokinase (XYL3 or XKS1) produce only limited amounts of ethanol in xylose medium. In recombinant S. cerevisiae expressing XYL1, XYL2, and XYL3, mRNA transcript levels for glycolytic, fermentative, and pentose phosphate enzymes did not change significantly on glucose or xylose under aeration or oxygen limitation. However, expression of genes encoding the tricarboxyllic acid cycle, respiration enzymes (HXK1, ADH2, COX13, NDI1, and NDE1), and regulatory proteins (HAP4 and MTH1) increased significantly when cells were cultivated on xylose, and the genes for respiration were even more elevated under oxygen limitation. These results suggest that recombinant S. cerevisiae does not recognize xylose as a fermentable carbon source and that respiratory proteins are induced in response to cytosolic redox imbalance; however, lower sugar uptake and growth rates on xylose might also induce transcripts for respiration. A petite respiration-deficient mutant (rhodegrees) of the engineered strain produced more ethanol and accumulated less xylitol from xylose. It formed characteristic colonies on glucose, but it did not grow on xylose. These results are consistent with the higher respiratory activity of recombinant S. cerevisiae when growing on xylose and with its inability to grow on xylose under anaerobic conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Jin, Yong-Su/L-4530-2013 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; NR 59 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 11 BP 6816 EP 6825 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.11.6816-6825.2004 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 870RR UT WOS:000225076100058 PM 15528549 ER PT J AU Estienne, MJ Harper, AF Knight, JW Barb, CR Rampacek, GB AF Estienne, MJ Harper, AF Knight, JW Barb, CR Rampacek, GB TI Sexual behavior after treatment with prostaglandin-F-2 alpha in boars with suppressed concentrations of gonadal steroids SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sexual behavior; testosterone; estradiol; PGF(2 alpha); boar ID PLASMA-HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; SERUM LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS; TESTOSTERONE; LIBIDO; COLLECTION AB We tested the hypothesis that prostaglandin-F-2alpha (PGF(2alpha)) enhances sexual behavior in boars with suppressed testosterone and estradiol secretion. After semen collection at week 0, boars received an s.c. implant containing a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) or were sham-implanted. Beginning at week 1, GnRHa-implanted boars received i.m. treatment with 10 mg PGF(2alpha) (n = 5) or vehicle (n = 5) upon entering the semen collection room. Sham-implanted boars (n = 5) received i.m. vehicle. Blood was sampled and sexual behavior assessed at weeks 0 and 5. Compared to sham-implanted boars and GnRHa-implanted boars receiving PGF(2alpha) serum concentrations of testosterone and estradiol were lower in GnRHa-implanted boars receiving saline (P < 0.05). The number of boars ejaculating, time from entering collection room to the first attempt to mount the artificial sow, time from entering to the start of ejaculation, and duration of ejaculation did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). The number of false mounts (mounting artificial sow but dismounting prior to semen collection) was increased (P < 0.05) by GnRHa implants, an effect reversed (P < 0.05) by PGF(2alpha). The data indicates that acutely suppressing concentrations of testosterone and estradiol will not abolish sexual behavior in boars, but leads to an increase in the number of unsuccessful mounts of an artificial sow. The number of false mounts can be decreased by treatment with PGF(2alpha). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Estienne, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Tidewater Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 6321 Holland Rd, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. EM mestienn@vt.edu NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2004.04.005 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 863VO UT WOS:000224591700005 ER PT J AU Anthony, WS AF Anthony, WS TI Impact of adding moisture at the gin lint slide on cotton fiber quality SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE bales; color deterioration; moisture AB The purpose of this research was to determine if moisture applied before packaging caused cotton fiber degradation during subsequent storage. Fiber quality characteristics of universal density cotton bales were determined before and after extended storage (months) in three separate studies. For the test bales, water was sprayed over the top of the fiber as it came down the lint slide after ginning and cleaning. The bales were then packaged at universal density and placed in either tripled polyethylene bags, woven polypropylene bags, or fully coated woven polypropylene bags, and then stored at atmospheric conditions. Bale moisture content after the water was added ranged from less than 5% to over 15% up w.b. The bales changed weight and moisture content substantially during storage depending on the type of bale covering and the initial bale moisture content. Most fiber quality characteristics except color remained about the same. The HVI color decreased from Middling (31) before storage to as low as Strict Low Middling Spotted (43) after storage depending on moisture content Other HVI data changed slightly during storage regardless of the moisture level. The higher initial bale moisture contents resulted in greater degradation in color Based on these studies, cotton bales should not be stored at moisture contents above 7.3% w.b. regardless of bale covering materials. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Anthony, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Lab, POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM wstanleya@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 719 EP 734 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 887NX UT WOS:000226313900001 ER PT J AU Boyd, RM Hanna, HM Baker, JL Colvin, TS AF Boyd, RM Hanna, HM Baker, JL Colvin, TS TI Field evaluation of anhydrous ammonia manifold performance SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE anhydrous ammonia; Manifold; NH3; nitrogen; fertilizer; distribution; application variation AB Experiments conducted between August 1999 and April 2002 evaluated anhydrous ammonia manifold distribution during field application at 84- and 168-kg N/ha (75- and 150-lb Nacre) application rates. Multiple manifolds including the conventional (Continental NH3 Model 3497, Dallas, Tex.), Vertical-Dam (Continental NH3 Dallas, Tex.), Rotaflow(TM)(H.I. Fraser Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia), Equa-flow(TM)(PGI International, Houston, Tex.), FD-1200 prototype (CDS John Blue Co., Huntsville, Ala.), and the Impellicone prototype manifold were tested. Temperature and pressure data were collected along the flow path. Results showed high distribution variation by the conventional manifold at both application rates, with average coefficient of variation (CV) values in excess of 16%. At the 84-kg N/ha (75-lb N/acre) rate, all other manifolds tested had significantly lower application variation (alpha = 0.05). At the 168-kg N/ha (150-lb N/acre) rate, rite conventional manifold grouped statistically with the Vertical-Dam with a corn ring and the FD-1200 prototype, producing CV values between 9.5% and 16.2%. All other manifolds had significantly lower application variation. The Impellicone, Rotaflow (TM), and Equa-flow (TM), manifolds performed with the lowest measured variation at both rates, yielding best performance at the 168-kg N/ha (150-lb N/acre) rate with CV in the 6% range. Analysis of recorded temperature and pressure data indicate that NH(3)flowing through the system very closely follows the saturation line and acts as a saturated mixture. Predictions of NH3 quality based on calculations of an ideal adiabatic mixture are supported by this result. Investigation for correlation between CV air temperature, and percent of volume in file vapor phase of NH3 resulted in only a visual trend that may suggest a reduction in CV with lower percent of volume in the vapor phase. Results suggest that replacement of a conventional manifold with a Vertical-Dam manifold or any of the other manifolds tested could reduce application variation between 7.0% and 16.5% at 84 kg N/ha (75 lb N/acre) and 1.0% and 10.2% at 168 kg N/ha (150 lb N/acre). This change could reduce application rate by eliminating the need for over-application to compensate for variations. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Omaha Dist Off, Omaha, NE USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hanna, HM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 200B Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hmhanna@iastate.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 745 EP 756 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 887NX UT WOS:000226313900003 ER PT J AU King, BA Kincaid, DC AF King, BA Kincaid, DC TI A variable flow rate sprinkler for site-specific irrigation management SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE sprinkler irrigation; center pivot; lateral-move; variable rate application; drop size distribution AB A variable flow rate sprinkler applicable to center pivot and lateral-move irrigation systems was constructed and tested in the laboratory. Sprinkler nozzle size was reduced a fixed amount using a retractable concentric pin in the nozzle bore. Cycling insertion of the concentric pin in the sprinkler nozzle bore provided a time-averaged variable flow rate over a range of 36% to 100% for the nozzle sized tested. The application pattern radius of the sprinkler tested was reduced approximately 15% under variable flow conditions. Sprinkler drop size distribution was also reduced by engagement of the pin in the sprinkler nozzle bore. Measured flow rates compared well with theoretical flow rates below 28 L/min (7.4 gpm). Results from laboratory testing indicate the variable flow rate sprinkler could potentially be used for site-specific irrigation management with center pivot and lateral-move irrigation systems. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP King, BA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, POB 870, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM bradk@uidaho.edu NR 10 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 765 EP 770 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 887NX UT WOS:000226313900005 ER PT J AU Cochrane, TA Norton, LD Castro, C Caviglione, JH AF Cochrane, TA Norton, LD Castro, C Caviglione, JH TI Development of a river sediment transport monitoring system for large reservoirs SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE turbidity sensors; river monitoring; sediment transport; reservoirs; sedimentation AB Determining the amount of sediment being transported by rivers is fundamental to determine the environmental impact on reservoirs, as well as to estimate their life span. This monitoring is particularly important for large hydroelectric dams such as the Itaipu hydroelectric facility on the Parand River, which provides over 24% of the electricity, needs for Brazil. A system was developed to continuously monitor sediment transport in the main rivers of the watershed acting on this reservoir using specifically developed turbidity sensors, commercial water level meters, manual sediment sampling. and laboratory analyses. The turbidity sensor was designed using a single optical sensor chip and light source LED that works with a single 9V battery, which can last over 4 months of continuous hourly monitoring. An economical commercial data logger was used to trigger readings and store the sensor response. This data, together with laboratory analyses of sediment samples were, used to constantly calibrate sensor readings and determine sediment concentrations in the rivers. Total suspended loads were calculated using river water flow rates as determined by the water level meters and velocity profile measurements. Furthermore, two types of structures were developed to house the sensors in the rivers: 1) buyos and 2) structures fixed to the pillars of bridges. Although both structures protected the sensors well during extreme flow conditions, the buoys required less maintenance because of their constant movement, which limited fouling of optical sensors. Comparisons of laboratory analyses showed good correlation between turbidity sensor readings and manual sediment sampling. This system enabled an economical and continuous monitoring of suspended sediment load for a variety of river conditions. The monitoring results were used to determine total sediment contribution to reservoirs. C1 Agteca SA, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, NSERL, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Inst Agron Parana, Londrina, Brazil. RP Agteca SA, Casilla Postal 6329, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. EM cochrane@agteca.com NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 771 EP 781 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 887NX UT WOS:000226313900006 ER PT J AU Nichols, MH AF Nichols, MH TI A radio frequency identification system for monitoring coarse sediment particle displacement SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE radio frequency; identification; sediment transport; displacement ID TRANSPORT AB A radio frequency identification system was implemented to monitor the displacement of coarse particles following runoff in two upland, ephemeral channels on the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeastern Arizona. Commercially available radio frequency identification components inculding transponders, an antenna, a reader; and software were used to develop a system for locating particles under field conditions. During the 2003 field season, 124 particles were located following four runoff events in two ephemeral channels. Die locations of 340 particle positions were measured with a real-time kineinatic geopositioning system after each particle was located with the radio frequency identification system. The overall recovery rate was 96%. The passive transponder system offers the advantages of low cost, consistent results under harsh environmental conditions, and no need for a power supply in the particle. The radio frequency identification system can be used to efficiently collect data for developing sediment transport equations and improving mathematical models for simulating sediment transport under natural runoff conditions. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Nichols, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 200 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mnichols@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 783 EP 787 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 887NX UT WOS:000226313900007 ER PT J AU Liang, Y Xin, H Hoff, SJ Richard, TL Kerr, BJ AF Liang, Y Xin, H Hoff, SJ Richard, TL Kerr, BJ TI Performance of single point monitor in measuring ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE animal feeding operation; ammonia; hydrogen sulfide; gas sensors; air quality monitoring; moisture interference ID LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS; EMISSIONS; DUST AB Performance of Single Point Monitors (SPMs) was evaluated for measuring aerial ammonia (NH3, 0 to 30 ppm) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S, 0 to 90 ppb) under laboratory and field conditions. Calibration gas or NH3/H2S-ladden air at various dew-point temperatures (t(dp)) were introduced simultaneously to the SPMs under evaluation and a chemiluminescence NH3 analyzer or a pulsed-fluorescence H2S analyzer. Coefficient of variation for "as-is" readings among the SPMs, a measurement of unit interchangeability, was up to 15% for H2S and up to 25% for NH3. Linear relationships existed between readings of the SPMs and those of the respective gas analyzer, with the slope increasing with moisture content of the calibration or sample air. Specifically, H2S readings by the SPMs averaged, respectively, 66%, 80%, 87% and 97% of those by the analyzer for calibration gas at t(dp) of -22 degreesC (dry), 9 degreesC, 13 degreesC, and 16 degreesC. In comparison, NH3 readings by the SPMs averaged 42%, 86%, 102%, and 178% of those by the analyzer for calibration gas at t(dp) of -22 degreesC, 8.5 degreesC to 10 degreesC, 12.5 degreesC to 14 degreesC, and 16 degreesC to 17 degreesC, respectively. Correctional equations were developed to compensate for the moisture interference effect on SPM readings of both gases. The corrected SPM readings for H2S measurement with an overall correctional equation generally achieved 90% to 107% agreement with the respective analyzer readings. However such corrections for NH3 of H2S data obtained with SPMs measurements proved not as effective (59% to 90% agreement). To improve the quality moisture content of the sample air should be concurrently measured and moisture compensation can be made using an overall correctional equation. C1 Iowa State Univ, NSRIC 3204, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. USDA, ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Xin, H (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, NSRIC 3204, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hxin@iastate.edu RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 863 EP 872 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 887NX UT WOS:000226313900017 ER PT J AU Vercruysse, L Gelman, D Raes, E Hooghe, B Vermeirssen, V Van Camp, J Smagghe, G AF Vercruysse, L Gelman, D Raes, E Hooghe, B Vermeirssen, V Van Camp, J Smagghe, G TI The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril reduces oviposition and ecdysteroid levels in Lepidoptera SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE angiotensin converting enzyme; captopril; larval growth and development; metamorphosis; oviposition; egg viability; ecdysteroids; trypsin; Spodoptera littoralis ID NEOBELLIERIA SARCOPHAGA BULLATA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; OOSTATIC FACTOR; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS; PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; ACE-INHIBITORS; DYE BINDING; GYPSY-MOTH; C-DOMAIN AB The role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, peptidyl dipeptidase A) in metamorphic- and reproductive-related events in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) was studied by using the selective ACE inhibitor captopril. Although oral administration of captopril had no effect on larval growth, topical administration to new pupae resulted in a large decrease of successful adult formation. Oviposition and overall appearance of adults emerging from treated larvae did not differ significantly from those emerging from non-treated larvae. In contrast, topical or oral administration of captopril to newly emerged adults caused a reduction in oviposition. By evaluating the effect of captopril on ecdysteroid titers and trypsin activity, we revealed an additional physiological role for ACE. Captopril exerted an inhibitory effect on ecdysteroid levels in female but not in male adults. larvae fed a diet containing captopril exhibited increased trypsin activity. A similar captopril-induced increase in trypsin activity was observed in female adults. In male adults, however, captopril elicited reduced levels of trypsin activity. Our results suggest that captopril downregulates oviposition by two independent pathways, one through ecdysteroid biosynthesis regulation, and the other through regulation of trypsin activity. Apparently, fecundity is influenced by a complex interaction of ACE, trypsin activity, and ecdysteroid levels. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 57:123-132, 2004. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 State Univ Ghent, Lab Agrozool, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, Dept Crop Protect, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. State Univ Ghent, Dept Food Technol & Nutr, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Vercruysse, L (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Lab Agrozool, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, Dept Crop Protect, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM lieselot.vercruysse@ugent.be RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 57 IS 3 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1002/arch.20023 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 866NO UT WOS:000224780400003 PM 15484260 ER PT J AU Asztalos, BF Cupples, LA Demissie, S Horvath, KV Cox, CE Batista, MC Schaefer, EJ AF Asztalos, BF Cupples, LA Demissie, S Horvath, KV Cox, CE Batista, MC Schaefer, EJ TI High-density lipoprotein subpopulation profile and coronary heart disease prevalence in male participants of the Framingham Offspring Study SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipoproteins; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; high-density lipoprotein subpopulations; apolipoprotein; A-I; coronary heart disease ID REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; APO-A-I; ARTERY DISEASE; LOW HDL; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PHYSIOLOGICAL-ROLE; RISK; ELECTROPHORESIS; SUBFRACTIONS; PARTICLES AB Objective - High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous lipoprotein class and there is no consensus on the value of HDL subspecies in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk assessment. We tested the hypothesis whether specific HDL subpopulations are significantly associated with CHD-prevalence. Methods and Results - ApoA-I concentrations (mg/dL) in HDL subpopulations were quantitatively determined by native 2d gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and image analysis in male participants in the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS). CHD cases ( n = 169) had higher prebeta-1 and alpha-3 particle and lower alpha-1, prealpha-3, and prealpha-1 particle levels than either all ( n = 1277) or HDL cholesterol-matched ( n = 358) controls. alpha-1 and prealpha-3 levels had an inverse association, whereas alpha-3 and prealpha-1 particle levels had a positive association with CHD prevalence after adjusting the data for established CHD risk factors. Standardized logit coefficients indicated that alpha-1 HDL was most significantly associated with CHD prevalence. Moreover, each mg/dL increase in alpha-1 particle level decreased odds of CHD by 26% ( P < 0.0001), whereas each mg/dL increase in HDL cholesterol decreased odds of CHD by 2% in a model including all established CHD risk factors. Conclusions - Specific HDL subpopulations were positively correlated, whereas others were inversely correlated with CHD prevalence in male subject in the FOS, indicating that the various HDL particles might have different roles in the cause of CHD. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRC, Lipid Metab Lab, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Asztalos, BF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRC, Lipid Metab Lab, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bela.asztalos@tufts.edu RI Batista, Marcelo/K-4305-2013; OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-64738, R01 HL064738, HL-54776, N01-HC-38038] NR 28 TC 186 Z9 195 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2181 EP 2187 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000146325.93749.a8 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 868FU UT WOS:000224900300032 PM 15388521 ER PT J AU Xu, YY Liu, TX Leibee, GL Jones, WA AF Xu, YY Liu, TX Leibee, GL Jones, WA TI Effects of selected insecticides on Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diadegma insulare; Plutella xylostella; diamondback moth; insecticides; parasitoid ID DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; COTESIA-PLUTELLAE; NATURAL ENEMIES; CABBAGE; PESTICIDES; MANAGEMENT; TOXICITY; BEHAVIOR; SPINOSAD; COLLARDS AB Effects of eight insecticides on Diadegma insulare (Cresson), a parasitoid of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., were evaluated under the laboratory conditions. The insecticides were three azadirachtin-based products (Ecozin, Agroneem and Neemix), two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) products (Xentari and Crymax), indoxacarb, spinosad, and lambda-cyhalothrin. When D . insulare pupae were treated, none of the insecticide treatments except lambda-cyhalothrin significantly reduced adult emergence, with 76-90% adults emerged from the treated pupae. In the lambda-cyhalothrin treatment, only 10% D . insulare pupae produced adult wasps. Indoxacarb, spinosad, and lambda-cyhalothrin caused 100% D . insulare adult mortality in 24 h in Petri dishes sprayed with insecticides in the contact bioassays, and 95.8, 100 and 95.8% adult mortality in 24 h in the ingestion bioassays, respectively. In contrast, all three azadirachtin-based insecticides and the two Bt-insecticides caused only 0-10.4% mortality of D . insulare adults after ingestion. The surviving D . insulare from ingestion treatments with Bt- and azadirachtin-insecticides parasitized 50.8-67.6% of P. xylostella larvae, respectively, compare to 72.1% for the water control. After ingesting indoxacarb, spinosad and lambda-cyhalothrin mixed in honey-water, both the females and the males lived significantly shorter than those ingesting Bt- and azadirachtin-insecticides and the non-insecticide honey-water. Effects of leaf residues of indoxacarb, spinosad and lambda-cyhalothrin varied significantly. The leaf residues of spinosad had the least effects on D . insulare adults, and 7- and 10-day-old residue only caused 5.6 and 7.4% mortality in 24 h, whereas 10-day-old leaf residues of indoxacarb and lambda-cyhalothrin caused 40.7 and 57.4% mortality in 24 h, respectively. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Entomol, Vegetable IPM Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Entomol, Shandong, Peoples R China. Univ Florida, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL USA. ARS, Beneficial Insect Unit, Kika Garza Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Liu, TX (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Entomol, Vegetable IPM Lab, 2415 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM tx-liu@tamu.edu NR 42 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 14 IS 7 BP 713 EP 723 DI 10.1080/09583150410001682395 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 831FM UT WOS:000222179400007 ER PT J AU Casstevens, TM Buckler, ES AF Casstevens, TM Buckler, ES TI GDPC: connecting researchers with multiple integrated data sources SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB The goal of this project is to simplify access to genomic diversity and phenotype data, thereby encouraging reuse of this data. The Genomic Diversity and Phenotype Connection (GDPC) accomplishes this by retrieving data from one or more data sources and by allowing researchers to analyze integrated data in a standard format. GDPC is written in JAVA and provides (1) data sources available as web services that transfer XML formatted data via the SOAP protocol; (2) a JAVA API for programmatic access to data sources; and (3) a front-end application that allows users to manage data sources, retrieve data based on filters, sort/group data based on property values and save/open the data as XML files. C1 Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Casstevens, TM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM terry_casstevens@hotmail.com; esb33@cornell.edu OI Casstevens, Terry/0000-0001-7602-0487; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 16 BP 2839 EP 2840 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth277 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 873AD UT WOS:000225250100043 PM 15105279 ER PT J AU De Nardo, EAB Hopper, KR AF De Nardo, EAB Hopper, KR TI Using the literature to evaluate parasitoid host ranges: a case study of Macrocentrus grandii (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) introduced into North America to control Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE biological control; host range evaluation; Macrocentrus grandii; non-target impacts; Ostrinia spp.; parasitoids ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; DISPAR L LEPIDOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NATURAL ENEMIES; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; INSECT PARASITES; GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA AB We propose a method for using the literature to evaluate host ranges of parasitoids that are candidates for biological control introductions. Data on the parasitoids that attack a given host species can be used as negative evidence concerning the candidate whose host range is being evaluated. By compiling studies for a variety of host species, one can delineate those taxa unlikely to be attacked by the candidate. Using a retrospective case study of a parasitoid introduced into North America, we describe (1) this approach to using the literature to evaluate host range and (2) how well predictions based on such an evaluation match actual host range. Based on the host range of Macrocentrus grandii in Eurasia as reported in the literature, we predicted that the species in the genus Ostrinia are the most likely hosts. Of native North American species, Ostrinia obumbratalis is the only non-target species likely to be attacked by M. grandii. The predicted host range for North America matched the actual host range found in the field. This suggests that a careful literature review could be used as an important source of data on host range of parasitoid species proposed for introduction into a new environment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Introdict Res, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Brazilian Quarantine Lab Biol Control Agents, BR-13820000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Hopper, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Introdict Res, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM khopper@udel.edu NR 195 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 BP 280 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.07.003 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 862VQ UT WOS:000224519700004 ER PT J AU Wu, ZS Hopper, KR O'Neil, RJ Voegtlin, DJ Prokrym, DR Heimpel, GE AF Wu, ZS Hopper, KR O'Neil, RJ Voegtlin, DJ Prokrym, DR Heimpel, GE TI Reproductive compatibility and genetic variation between two strains of Aphelinus albipodus (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae), a parasitoid of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Homoptera : Aphididae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphelinus albipodus; Aphis glycines; reproductive compatibility; PCR; RAPD-PCR; internal transcribed spacer; Wolbachia; aphid parasitoid; biological control ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; INDUCED HYBRID BREAKDOWN; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; TRICHOGRAMMA-MINUTUM; ASYCHIS HYMENOPTERA; COMPLEX HYMENOPTERA; SPECIES COMPLEX; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; NORTH-AMERICA AB Aphelinus albipodus Hayat and Fatima is a potential biological control agent of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, which is a newly introduced soybean pest in the United States. We compared the reproductive compatibility and molecular genetic variation between two geographic strains of A. albipodus. One strain was collected from soybean aphids in Japan and the other recovered from Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), in the western U.S., populations of which were established with parasitoids imported from Eurasia. We present results of crossing experiments between the two strains, genetic differences based on RAPD-PCR markers, rDNA ITS1 and ITS2 gene sequences, and presence of Wolbachia in the two strains using PCR amplification of the wsp gene. We found no reduction in the production of females in reciprocal crosses between strains, but a significant reduction in fecundity when F, females stemming from one of the reciprocal crosses were backcrossed to males from either source. The two strains differed by 3.4% in the rDNA ITS1 sequence and by presence/absence of one RAPD-PCR marker from a total of 20 RAPD primers screened, but their rDNA ITS2 sequences were identical. We used restriction enzyme analysis to separate the strains bit differential digestion of the ITS I PCR product. Wolbachia was present in 100% of males and females of both strains of A. albipodus. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Introduct Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USDA, APHIS, Invas Pests Management Lab, Niles, MI 49120 USA. RP Heimpel, GE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM heimp001@tc.umn.edu NR 49 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.07.004 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 862VQ UT WOS:000224519700007 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE AF Cottrell, TE TI Suitability of exotic and native lady beetle eggs (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) for development of lady beetle larvae SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Coccinellidae; Coleomegilla maculata; Harmonia axyridis; Olla v-nigrum; lady beetle; cannibalism; intraguild predation; exotic; native ID HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS PALLAS; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; 2 PREDATORY LADYBIRDS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; INTERSPECIFIC PREDATION; SWEET CORN; POPULATION-DENSITY; PREY ABUNDANCE; CANNIBALISM AB Predation upon lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) eggs in the field is most often instances of egg cannibalism by larvae or adults while the majority of the remaining predation events upon coccinellid eggs is done by other species of Coccinellidae. Thus the recent introduction and establishment of Harmonia axyridis in the US could negatively affect native species of Coccinellidae via egg predation. However, little is known regarding the suitability of interspecific coccinellid eggs as a food source for larval development. In this study, it was found that native first or third instar Coleomegilla maculata and Olla v-nigrum larvae were incapable of surviving to the adult stage when provided solely exotic H. axyridis eggs. In stark contrast, H. axyridis larvae survived equally well when cannibalizing eggs or eating eggs of either native species. When C maculata and O. v-nigrum were grouped as 'native' and compared with the exotic H. axyridis, more native eggs were attacked than exotic eggs and a higher percentage of eggs was attacked by H. axyridis larvae. Native and exotic larvae attacked a similar percentage of native eggs but native larvae attacked significantly fewer exotic eggs than did exotic larvae. These data suggest that H. axyridis may prey upon the eggs of these native species, when encountered in the field, compared with the likelihood of the native species preying upon H. axyridis eggs. Therefore, eggs of the native species C maculata and O. v-nigrum will continue to be subjected to cannibalism and also to possible predation by other native species and the exotic H. axyridis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM tcottrell@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 BP 362 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.06.004 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 862VQ UT WOS:000224519700013 ER PT J AU Arthurs, SP Lacey, LA AF Arthurs, SP Lacey, LA TI Field evaluation of commercial formulations of the codling moth granulovirus: persistence of activity and success of seasonal applications against natural infestations of codling moth in Pacific Northwest apple orchards SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE codling moth; Cydia pomonella granulovirus; commercial formulation; inundative biological control; persistence; apple ID CYDIA-POMONELLA; GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; OLETHREUTIDAE; RESISTANCE; STATES; LARVAE; PESTS; FRUIT AB Inundative applications of the codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella L., granulovirus (CpGV), which target neonate larvae before or during initial entry into fruit, offer potential for selective control of this key pest. In field tests on apple we compared the persistence and efficacy of single applications of three CpGV products approved for organic orchards in North America. In addition, the success of repeated (2-14) applications of one product (Cyd-X) as a principal control measure for CM in apple orchards was monitored following operational use by cooperating growers at four separate locations. In the first study, an early season application of all products at label rates remained highly effective for the first 24 h (averaging 94% larval mortality relative to controls) and moderately effective after 72h (averaging 71% mortality) during dry sunny conditions. Significant activity remained up to 14 days, suggesting prolonged survival of the virus in UV-protected locations, such as the calyx of fruit. A second application later in the season was slightly less effective. Data obtained from commercial sites provide circumstantial evidence for the effectiveness of well-timed CpGV applications against CM outbreaks. In all cases where first generation larvae were targeted beginning at egg hatch ( 250 degree days) and treated areas monitored (0.3-1.6ha plots), fruit damage during the second larval generation was reduced or eliminated. Based on the number of live larvae recovered throughout the season, mortality rates remained high (80.3-100% across sites). The cumulative number of moths caught in pheromone-baited traps was reduced (66-94%) in the second flight. Data from tree bands placed to catch diapause-destined larvae indicated overwintering generations remained low in treated sites (less than or equal to0.18 larvae/band). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Arthurs, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM sarthurs@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 BP 388 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.05.004 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 862VQ UT WOS:000224519700016 ER PT J AU Park, SY Birkhold, SG Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Park, SY Birkhold, SG Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Review on the role of dietary zinc in poultry nutrition, immunity, and reproduction SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE zinc; poultry; metabolism; nutrition; molting; immunology; uptake ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LIVER-ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; CATION-PROTON ANTIPORTER; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; LAYING HENS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RAT INTESTINE; MOLT INDUCTION AB Zinc is an important nutrient in animal metabolism. In poultry, zinc serves not only as a nutrient but can also be used as a dietary supplement to manipulate the reproductive system of the bird. This article summarizes the general biochemistry, physiology, and nutritional aspects of zinc metabolism to provide a brief overview on what is known regarding zinc. The potential role of zinc in poultry immune response, Salmonella infection, and molting are emphasized. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 119 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 14 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 101 IS 2 BP 147 EP 163 DI 10.1385/BTER:101:2:147 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 872LG UT WOS:000225208100005 PM 15557678 ER PT J AU Park, SY Kim, WK Birkhold, SG Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Park, SY Kim, WK Birkhold, SG Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Using a feed-grade zinc propionate to achieve molt induction in laying hens and retain postmolt egg production and quality SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE induced molt; Zn propionate; organs; egg quality; egg production ID HIGH DIETARY ZINC; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION; CAGED LAYERS; FORCED MOLT; BODY-WEIGHT; PERFORMANCE; INFECTION; ORGANS; SODIUM; AGENT AB A commercial-feed-grade form of zinc propionate was examined as a potential feed amendment at a concentration of 1% zinc to induce molt in 90-wk-old hens. Dietary treatments consisted of 4 treatment groups of 28 birds each randomly assigned to either (1) molted conventionally by feed withdrawal, (2) 1% zinc as Zn acetate, (3) 1% zinc as Zn propionate, or (4) nonmolted control for 9 d. Ovary weights of hens fed Zn acetate or Zn propionate were not significantly different from each other, but hens fed Zn acetate or Zn propionate were significantly (p<0.05) lighter than the ovary weight of nonmolted control hens. Zinc concentrations in the kidney and liver were significantly (p<0.05) increased in both Zn acetate- and Zn propionate-molted hens when compared to either nonmolted control-fed hens or feed-withdrawal molted hens. Over the entire 3-mo postmolt period, there were no significant differences in interior or exterior egg qualities among the four treatments. Egg production of hens fed Zn acetate was significantly lower than feed-withdrawal hens, Zn propionate-fed hens, or nonmolted control hens (p<0.05). The data of the current study demonstrated that feeding a feed grade of Zn propionate (1% Zn)-supplemented diet can induce molt and retain postmolt egg quality and production comparable to hens molted by feed withdrawal. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 101 IS 2 BP 165 EP 179 DI 10.1385/BTER:101:2:165 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 872LG UT WOS:000225208100006 PM 15557679 ER PT J AU Kim, BJ Gibson, DM Shuler, ML AF Kim, BJ Gibson, DM Shuler, ML TI Effect of subculture and elicitation on instability of Taxol production in Taxus sp suspension cultures SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID CHINENSIS VAR. MAIREI; INDOLE ALKALOID PRODUCTION; CELL-CULTURES; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; METHYL JASMONATE; TABERNAEMONTANA-DIVARICATA; PACLITAXEL PRODUCTION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; OXIDATIVE BURST; PACIFIC YEW AB The production of secondary metabolites through plant cell suspension cultures is challenging because the level and pattern of production is often unstable and unpredictable. To investigate the factors affecting instability of secondary metabolite production, high Taxol (paclitaxel)-producing Taxus cultures induced by methyl jasmonate elicitation and their low Taxol-producing counterparts were compared with respect to growth and Taxol production kinetics. With Taxus subcultures we observe alternating states of high and low productivity. Parental cultures and their subcultures from five different cell lines were used to test whether a high-producing culture grows more slowly or dies more rapidly than a low-producing one. These cell lines were of three types: (1) Taxol-producing with and without methyl jasmonate, (2) Taxol-producing only upon elicitation, and (3) nonproducing. High-producing cultures show growth inhibition upon subculture, whereas nonproducing elicited cultures show little growth inhibition. Thus, growth inhibition is primarily due to Taxol or taxane accumulation and not a direct result of methyl jasmonate treatment. Through media exchange between high- and low-producing cultures, it appears that culture components generated by cells alter culture properties. To assess variability as a function of culture lineage, two groups of replicate cultures were generated either with a mixing of the parental flasks or segregation of parental flasks at each subculture. Although parental culture mixing did not reduce flask-to-flask variation, the production level of Taxol in subcultures resulting from mixing inocula was sustained at a higher level relative to segregated subcultures. The results are consistent with the possibility of cell signaling within the population that can induce Taxol production. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Shuler, ML (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mls@cheme.cornell.edu RI KIM, BEUM JUN/G-6829-2011 OI KIM, BEUM JUN/0000-0003-1797-5026 NR 41 TC 40 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1666 EP 1673 DI 10.1021/bp034274c PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 877HI UT WOS:000225558200007 PM 15575697 ER PT J AU Medina-Godoy, S Nielsen, NC Paredes-Lopez, O AF Medina-Godoy, S Nielsen, NC Paredes-Lopez, O TI Expression and characterization of a His-tagged 11S seed globulin from Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Escherichia coli SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID STORAGE PROTEINS; POSTTRANSLATIONAL CLEAVAGE; SOYBEAN PROGLYCININ; PURIFICATION; GLYCININ; CLONING; CDNA AB DNA encoding a His-tagged 11S globulin from Amaranthus hypochondriacus (amarantin) was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli strains BL21 (DE3) and Origami (DE3) The two strains produced different accumulation patterns. Whereas most of the proamarantin expressed in BL21 (DE3) was localized in inclusion bodies, that produced in Origami (DE3) was soluble (76 mg/L). Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation analysis of the expressed soluble proamarantin revealed that the protein was assembled into trimers. Treatment of proamarantin trimers in vitro using purified asparaginyl endopeptidase resulted in the appearance of peptides of the sizes expected for acidic and basic chains. Because the proamarantin assembles into trimers with the expected sedimentation characteristics and is cleaved into acidic and basic chains rather than being degraded, the results suggest that the protein folding occurring in E. coli is similar to that taking place in seeds. The His-tagged proamarantin was purified in a single step by immobilized metal affinity chromatography with a final yield of 48 mg/L. The overexpression of proamarantin in E. coli, together with the one-step purification will facilitate further investigation of this storage protein through site-directed mutagenesis. C1 IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Ctr Invest & Estud Avanzados, Dept Biotecnol & Bioquim, Irapuato 36500, Gto, Mexico. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Paredes-Lopez, O (reprint author), IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Ctr Invest & Estud Avanzados, Dept Biotecnol & Bioquim, Apartado Postal 629, Irapuato 36500, Gto, Mexico. EM oparedes@ira.cinvestav.mx NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1749 EP 1756 DI 10.1021/bp049923e PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 877HI UT WOS:000225558200018 PM 15575708 ER PT J AU Wu, DY Meydani, SN AF Wu, DY Meydani, SN TI Mechanism of age-associated up-regulation in macrophage PGE(2) synthesis SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Review DE immunity; aging; macrophages; prostaglandin E-2; cyclooxygenase; ceramide; NF-kappa B; neurodegeneration ID PROSTAGLANDIN E-2 BIOSYNTHESIS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; VITAMIN-E; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MOUSE MODEL; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; EXPRESSION; CERAMIDE; NEURODEGENERATION AB Many physiological functions of the body change during the aging process. Dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses have been well documented in both humans and animals. The investigation into the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying these disorders has provided compelling evidence that up-regulated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and its product, particularly prostaglandin (PG)E-2, play a critical role in the age-associated dysregulation of the immune and inflammatory responses. In particular, several studies have shown that increased PGE(2) production in old macrophages (Mphi) contributes to the suppression of T cell function with aging. Furthermore, interventions targeted at decreasing PGE(2) production have been shown to enhance T cell-mediated function. COX-2 and its catalytic products are also suggested to play a key role in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Administration of anti-inflammatory drugs which inhibit COX activity has been shown, by some investigators, to be beneficial in preventing and treating these diseases. It is, thus, important to understand the underlying mechanisms of age-related COX-2 up-regulation and to delineate the factors, which contribute to this age-related change. This review focuses on the regulation of PGE(2) production in murine Mphi; the age-associated changes in COX-2 expression; and its implication for certain disorders observed in the aged immune system and brain. Increased PGE2 production has been shown to be mainly due to an increase in COX activity, which is, in turn, due to an increase in COX-2 protein and mRNA expression. Elevated COX-2 mRNA represents a higher transcription rate rather than an altered stability of COX-(2) mRNA. Upon stimulation, M from old mice generate more ceramide, a sphingolipid, than those from young mice. Ceramide has been shown to induce, by itself, and also augment, LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production. Several lines of evidence indicate that the higher ceramide levels in old M are an important contributor to the age-associated up-regulation of COX-2 in Mphi. Ceramide up-regulates COX-2 transcription by increasing activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. Further understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in COX-2 up-regulation will help in delineating fundamental age-related changes, which lead to the development of immune and neurological disorders in the aged. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wu, DY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dayong.wu@tufts.edu; simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG09140-09] NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1591 J9 BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN JI Brain Behav. Immun. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 18 IS 6 BP 487 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.bbi.2004.05.003 PG 8 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 860BX UT WOS:000224313900001 PM 15331118 ER PT J AU Martins, PA Hoffman, DJ Fernandes, MTB Nascimento, CR Roberts, SB Sesso, R Sawaya, AL AF Martins, PA Hoffman, DJ Fernandes, MTB Nascimento, CR Roberts, SB Sesso, R Sawaya, AL TI Stunted children gain less lean body mass and more fat mass than their non-stunted counterparts: a prospective study SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE undernutrition; stunting; body composition; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; LOW-INCOME POPULATION; BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; SAO-PAULO; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; SHORT STATURE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; OBESITY; BRAZIL; GROWTH AB The aim of the present study was to analyse the changes in body composition of stunted children during a follow-up period and to test the hypothesis of a tendency to accumulate body fat as a consequence of undernutrition early in life. We selected fifty boys and girls aged 11 to 15, who were residents of slums in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Twenty were stunted (S) and thirty had normal stature (NS). The children's nutritional status and body composition were assessed through anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, at the beginning of the present study and after 3 years, and changes in lean mass (LM and LM%) and fat mass (FM and FM%) were calculated. Stunted boys accumulated more body fat (FM%: S=1.62 %, NS=-3.40 %; P=0.003) and gained less lean mass (LM%: S=-1.46, NS=3.21 %; P=0.004). Stunted girls gained less lean mass (S=7.87 kg, NS=11.96 kg; P=0.032) and had significantly higher values of FM% at follow-up when compared with their baseline values (P=0.008), whereas non-stunted girls had a non-significant difference in FM% over time (P=0.386). These findings are important to understand the factors involved in the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among poor populations, which appear to be associated with hunger during infancy and/or childhood. C1 Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Physiol, BR-04023060 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Martins, PA (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Physiol, Rua Botucatu 862,2nd Andar,Ed Ciencias Biomed, BR-04023060 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM paulamartins@ecb.epm.br RI Martins, Paula/E-7161-2011; Sesso, Ricardo /B-4767-2013; Sawaya, Ana/D-3845-2014; OI Martins, Paula/0000-0002-3857-1656; Sesso, Ricardo/0000-0002-1062-0073 NR 48 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 92 IS 5 BP 819 EP 825 DI 10.1079/BJN20041274 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 869DI UT WOS:000224963200010 PM 15533271 ER PT J AU Gilbert, E Powell, JA Logan, JA Bentz, BJ AF Gilbert, E Powell, JA Logan, JA Bentz, BJ TI Comparison of three models predicting developmental milestones given environmental and individual variation SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; DISTRIBUTED DELAYS; AGE; TEMPERATURE; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; RATES AB In all organisms, phenotypic variability is an evolutionary stipulation. Because the development of poikilothermic organisms depends directly on the temperature of their habitat, environmental variability is also an integral factor in models of their phenology. In this paper we present two existing phenology models, the distributed delay model and the Sharpe and DeMichele model, and develop an alternate approach, called the Extended von Foerster model, based on the age-structured McKendrick-von Foerster partial differential model. We compare the models theoretically by examining the biological assumptions made in the basic derivation of each approach. In particular, we focus on each model's ability to incorporate variability among individuals as well as variability in the environment. When compared against constant temperature mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) laboratory developmental data, the Extended von Foerster model exhibits the highest correlation between theory and observation. (C) 2004 Society for Mathematical Biology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv Logan Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Powell, JA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, 3900 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM powell@math.usu.edu NR 31 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1821 EP 1850 DI 10.1016/j.blum.2004.04.003 PG 30 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 872XD UT WOS:000225241700015 PM 15522356 ER PT J AU Balll, VE Butault, JP Mesonada, CSJ AF Balll, VE Butault, JP Mesonada, CSJ TI Measuring real capital input in OECD agriculture SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID DEPRECIATION AB This paper provides a farm sector comparison of levels of capital input for 17 OECD countries. The estimates of capital input are derived by representing capital stock as a weighted sum of past investments. The weights correspond to the relative efficiencies of capital goods of different ages, so that the weighted components of capital stock have the same efficiency. We convert estimates of capital stock into estimates of capital services by means of capital rental prices. Comparisons of levels of capital input among countries require data on relative prices of capital input. We obtain relative price levels for capital input among countries via relative investment goods prices, taking into account the flow of capital input per unit of capital stock in each country. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. INA PG, INRA, Lab Econ Publ, Paris, France. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Econ, Madrid, Spain. RP Balll, VE (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. EM Eball@ers.usda.gov; Butault@nancy-engref.inra.fr; Csj@eco.uc3m.es NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SOCIETY PI OTTAWA PA 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, SUITE 1112, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 351 EP 370 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2004.tb00374.x PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 894NT UT WOS:000226799500007 ER PT J AU Jain, TB Graham, RT Morgan, P AF Jain, TB Graham, RT Morgan, P TI W(e)stern white pine growth relative to forest openings SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; GAPS; REGENERATION; CLIMATE; SIZE AB In northern Rocky Mountains moist forests, timber harvesting, fire exclusion, and an introduced stem disease have contributed to the decline in western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) abundance (from 90% to 10% of the area). Relations between canopy openings (0.1-15 ha) and western white pine growth within different physical settings are identified. Objectives include relating western white pine seedling and sapling growth to canopy opening attributes (defined by fisheye photography), identifying western white pine competitive thresholds (occupancy, competitive advantage, free-to-grow status) in relation to opening size, and relating canopy opening attributes to overstory density descriptors. We sampled 620 western white pine plus competing trees, canopy opening characteristics, landscape position, and overstory density descriptors. Analysis included log-linear and polynomial regression. Visible sky (canopy opening) and tree age were significantly related to growth of selected pines. Radiation explained less variation in growth than canopy opening. Thresholds for western white pine to occupy a site (>23% canopy opening), gain a competitive advantage (>50% canopy opening), and achieve free-to-grow status (>92% canopy opening) over western hemlock were developed. There was a significant although weak (R-2 < 0.12) relation between canopy opening and overstory density descriptors. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Jain, TB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM tjain@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2187 EP 2198 DI 10.1139/X04-094 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 879BN UT WOS:000225691500001 ER PT J AU Kennard, D AF Kennard, D TI Commercial tree regeneration 6 years after high-intensity burns in a seasonally dry forest in Bolivia SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB The effects of three site-preparation treatments (high-intensity burn, low-intensity burn, and mechanical cleaning with machetes and chainsaws) on the regeneration of commercial tree species, composition and structure of competing vegetation, and soil chemical and structural properties were evaluated in a seasonally dry forest in southeast Bolivia. Six years after controlled burns, the high-intensity burn treatment had the both the highest density and the tallest individuals of shade-intolerant commercial tree species. Competing vegetation was also less dominant in the high-intensity burn treatment relative to other treatments. However, high-intensity burns were not beneficial for commercial tree species with shade-tolerant or intermediate regeneration. Soil analyses revealed that certain changes in soil texture and soil chemistry (e.g., Ca and Mg concentrations and cation exchange capacity) caused by high-intensity burns persisted 6 years after the fires. These findings confirm that this suite of shade-intolerant commercial species requires very intense disturbances for their regeneration. However, several ecological, economic, and social barriers currently preclude the management-scale application of prescribed fire in Bolivia. More research is needed on cost-effective treatments to improve regeneration. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Kennard, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM dkennard@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2199 EP 2207 DI 10.1139/X04-100 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 879BN UT WOS:000225691500002 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Liu, XLS Liu, C Russell, RM Smith, DE Wang, XD AF Kim, Y Liu, XLS Liu, C Russell, RM Smith, DE Wang, XD TI Induction of pulmonary neoplasia by 4-(N-Methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in the smoke-exposed ferrets: A model for human lung cancer. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Annual AACR International Conference CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP AACR C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1838S EP 1838S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870QO UT WOS:000225073100040 ER PT J AU Wei, EK Giovannucci, E Selhub, J Fuchs, CS Hankinson, S Ma, J AF Wei, EK Giovannucci, E Selhub, J Fuchs, CS Hankinson, S Ma, J TI Plasma vitamin B6 and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma in women SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Annual AACR International Conference CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP AACR C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1854S EP 1854S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870QO UT WOS:000225073100102 ER PT J AU Chavez, PR Wang, XD Mayer, J AF Chavez, PR Wang, XD Mayer, J TI Effects of chronic ethanol intake on hepatic cyclin D1 levels and altered foci in diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Annual AACR International Conference CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP AACR C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1916S EP 1916S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 870QO UT WOS:000225073100318 ER PT J AU Hubbard, JD Downing, JM Ram, MS Chung, OK AF Hubbard, JD Downing, JM Ram, MS Chung, OK TI Lipid extraction from wheat flour using supercritical fluid extraction SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; BREADMAKING; ETHANOL; CANOLA; OIL AB Environmental concerns, the disposal cost of hazardous waste, and the time required for extraction in current methods encouraged us to develop an alternate method for analysis of wheat flour lipids. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide has provided that medium and the method is fully automatic. Crude fats or nonstarch free lipids (FL) were extracted from 4-5 g of wheat flour by an SFE system. To develop optimum conditions for SFE, various extraction pressures, temperatures, and modifier volumes were tried to provide a method that would produce an amount of lipids comparable to those extracted by the AACC Approved Soxhlet Method and the AOCS Official Butt Method using petroleum ether as solvent. Using several wheat flour samples, the best conditions were 12.0 vol% ethanol (10.8 mol%) at 7,500 psi and 80degreesC to extract the amount of FL similar to those by the AACC and AOCS methods. Using solid-phase extraction, lipids were separated into nonpolar lipid (NL), glycolipid (GL), and phospholipid (PL) fractions. The mean value of five flours was 1.15% (flour weight, db) by the SFE method, 1.07% by the Butt method, and 1.01% by the Soxhlet methhod. The SFE-extracted lipids contained less NL and more GL than either the Butt or Soxhlet methods. All three methods extracted lipids with qualitatively similar components. The overall benefit for SFE over the Soxhlet or Butt methods was to increase the number of samples analyzed in a given time, reduce the cost of analysis, and reduce exposure to toxic chemicals. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chung, OK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM okchung@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 81 IS 6 BP 693 EP 698 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.6.693 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 877PI UT WOS:000225582100003 ER PT J AU Park, SH Wilson, JD Chung, OK Seib, PA AF Park, SH Wilson, JD Chung, OK Seib, PA TI Size distribution and properties of wheat starch granules in relation to crumb grain score of pup-loaf bread SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CEREAL STARCHES; FUNCTIONAL BREADMAKING; BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; FLOUR COMPONENTS; LIPID CONTENTS; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; GAS RETENTION; AMYLOSE; ENDOSPERM; DOUGH AB Twelve hard winter wheat flours with protein contents of 11.8-13.6% (14% mb) were selected to investigate starch properties associated with the crumb grain score of experimentally baked pup-loaf bread. The 12 flours were classified in four groups depending on the crumb grain scores, which ranged from 1 (questionable-unsatisfactory) to 4 (satisfactory). Flours in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 produced breads with pup-loaf volumes of 910-1,035, 1,000-1,005, 950-1,025, and 955-1,010 cm(3), respectively. Starches were isolated by a dough handwashing method and purified by washing to give 75-79% combined yield (dry flour basis) of prime (62-71%) and tailing (7-16%) starches. The prime starch was fractionated further into large A-granules and small B-granules by repeated sedimentation in aqueous slurry. All starches were assayed for weight percentage of B-granules, swelling power (92.5degreesC), amylose content, and granular size distribution by quantitative digital image analysis. A positive linear correlation was found between the crumb grain scores and the A-granule sizes (r = 0.65, P < 0.05), and a polynomial relationship (R-2 = 0.45, P < 0.05) occurred between the score and the weight percentage of B-granule starch. The best crumb grain score was obtained when a flour had a weight percentage of B-granules of 19.8-22.5%, shown by varietal effects. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Chung, OK (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM okchung@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 49 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 81 IS 6 BP 699 EP 704 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.6.699 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 877PI UT WOS:000225582100004 ER PT J AU Bettge, AD AF Bettge, AD TI Collaborative study on L-DOPA - Wheat polyphenol oxidase assay (AACC method 22-85) SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-SEED ASSAY; NOODLE COLOR C1 USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bettge, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, E-202 FSHN E WSU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM abettge@wsu.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 49 IS 6 BP 338 EP + PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 873MQ UT WOS:000225284800005 ER PT J AU Weaver, MA Zablotowicz, RM Locke, MA AF Weaver, MA Zablotowicz, RM Locke, MA TI Laboratory assessment of atrazine and fluometuron degradation in soils from a constructed wetland SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; fluometuron; wetland soils; herbicide fate; herbicide sorption; herbicide degradation ID MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; WASTE-WATER; TRANSPORT; METOLACHLOR; SORPTION; LAGOON; FRENCH; FATE; PH AB Constructed wetlands offer promise for removal of nonpoint source contaminants such as herbicides from agricultural runoff. Laboratory studies assessed the potential of soils to degrade and sorb atrazine and fluometuron within a recently constructed wetland. The surface 3 cm of soil was sampled from two cells of a Mississippi Delta constructed wetland; one shallow area disturbed only hydrologically, and the second excavated to provide greater water-holding capacity. The excavated area was more acidic on average (pH 4.85 versus 5.21), but otherwise the physical properties and general microbial enzyme activities in the two areas were similar. Soils were treated with 84 and 68 mug kg(-1) soil (14)C-ring labeled atrazine and fluometuron, respectively, and incubated under either saturated (88%,, moisture, w:w) or flooded (1 cm standing water) conditions. Soils were sampled over 32 days and extracted for herbicide and metabolite analysis. Under saturated conditions, fluometuron metabolized to desmethylfluometuron (DMF) with a half-life equal 25-27 days. However, under flooded conditions, the half-life of fluometuron was more than 175 days. Atrazine dissipated rapidly in saturated and flooded soil with a half-life of approximately 23 days, but only 10% of atrazine was mineralized to CO(2). The overall atrazine and fluometuron dissipation rates were similar between the two cells, but each area had a different pattern of metabolite accumulation. The major route of atrazine dissipation was incorporation of atrazine residues into methanol-nonextractable (soil-bound) components, with minimal extractable metabolite accumulation. A mixed-mode extractant (potassium phosphate: acetonitrile) recovered greater amounts of (14)C-residues from atrazine-treated soils, suggesting that hydrolysis of atrazine to hydroxylated metabolites was a major component of the bound residues. These studies indicate the potential for herbicide dissipation in wetland soils and a differential effect of flooding on the fate of these herbicides. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Weaver, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mweaver@ars.usda.gov OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264; Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 38 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2004 VL 57 IS 8 BP 853 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.013 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 867YR UT WOS:000224879400012 PM 15488576 ER PT J AU Koo, HC Park, YH Ahn, J Waters, WR Hamilton, MJ Barrington, G Mosaad, AA Palmer, MV Shin, S Davis, WC AF Koo, HC Park, YH Ahn, J Waters, WR Hamilton, MJ Barrington, G Mosaad, AA Palmer, MV Shin, S Davis, WC TI New latex bead agglutination assay for differential diagnosis of cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Myobacterium avium subsp para tuberculosis SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ESAT-6 PROTEIN; TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIGENS; BCG AB Extensive studies have shown that the current assays used to identify cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis are not sufficiently sensitive and specific to detect all infected animals, especially animals recently infected with the pathogens. In the present report we show that these limitations might be overcome with a latex bead agglutination assay (LBAA). With the specific immunodominant epitope (ESAT6-p) of M. bovis, we developed an LBAA and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for that purpose and compared them with the "gold standard" culture method and skin test for their efficacy in detecting bovine tuberculosis. When sera from control healthy cows (n = 10), M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-positive cattle (naturally infected, n = 16; experimentally infected, n = 8), and M. bovis-positive cattle (naturally infected, n = 49;experimentally infected, n = 20) were applied to an EIA and an LBAA developed with ESAT6-p, the two tests showed similar sensitivity (97.1% by EIA, 95.7% by LBAA), high specificity (94.2% by EIA, 100% by LBAA), and a positive correlation (kappa value, 0.85; correlation rate, 93.2%; correlation coefficient, 0.64). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of EIA results and comparison with the culture method determined a suitable cutoff value at 0.469, with an area under the curve of 0.991 (95% confidence interval, 0.977 to 1.0). As LBAA didn't show any positive reactions with sera from uninfected control cows or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle, which were confirmed to be free of M. bovis by culture or PCR, LBAA using the ESAT6-p can be a rapid and useful M. bovis diagnostic assay. The data suggest that rapid, sensitive, and specific assays can be developed with peptides containing inummodominant epitopes present in proteins uniquely expressed in M. bovis or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis for differential diagnosis of cattle infected with M. bovis or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Microbiol, Coll Vet Med, Seoul, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea. USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. Menoufia Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Bacterial Immunol & Mycol, Minufiya, Egypt. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Davis, WC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Bustad Hall,Room 326, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM davisw@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1070 EP 1074 DI 10.1128/CDLI.116.1070-1074.2004 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 872YM UT WOS:000225245400014 PM 15539508 ER PT J AU Sellon, DC Knowles, DP Greiner, EC Long, MT Hines, MT Hochstatter, T Tibary, A Dame, JB AF Sellon, DC Knowles, DP Greiner, EC Long, MT Hines, MT Hochstatter, T Tibary, A Dame, JB TI Infection of Immunodeficient horses with Sarcocystis neurona does not result in neurologic disease SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; OPOSSUM DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; MICE FED SPOROCYSTS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; INTERMEDIATE HOST; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PARASITEMIA; FALCATULA; CELLS AB Equine protozoal myeloencephallitis is a progressive neurologic disease of horses most commonly caused by infection with the apicomplexan parasite Sarcocystis neurona. Factors affecting neuroinvasion and neurovirulence have not been determined. We investigated the pathogenesis of infection with S. neurona in horses with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). Two immunocompetent (IC) Arabian horses and two Arabian horses with SCID were infected orally with 5 x 10(5) sporocysts of S. neurona. Four IC horses and one SCID horse were infected intravenously (i.v.) with 5 x 10(8) merozoites of the WSU-1 isolate of S. neurona. Despite prolonged parasitemia and persistent infection of visceral tissues (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, lung, liver, and spleen) as demonstrated by PCR and culture, SCID horses did not develop neurologic signs after oral or i.v. infection. S. neurona was undetectable in the neuronal tissues of SCID horses by either PCR, immunohistochemistry, or culture. In contrast, although parasitemia was undetectable in orally infected IC horses and of only short duration in i.v. infected IC horses, four of six IC horses developed neurologic signs. S. neurona was detectable by PCR and/or culture of neural tissue but not visceral tissue of IC horses with neurologic disease. Infected SCID horses are unable to clear S. neurona from visceral tissues, but the infection does not result in neurologic signs; in contrast, IC horses rapidly control parasitemia and infection of visceral tissues but frequently experience neuroinvasion and exhibit clinical signs of neurologic disease. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. USDA ARS, PWA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Sellon, DC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM dsellon@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1134 EP 1139 DI 10.1128/CDLI.11.6.1134-1139.2004 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 872YM UT WOS:000225245400024 PM 15539518 ER PT J AU Costa, FD Sandberg, D AF Costa, FD Sandberg, D TI Mathematical model of a smoldering log SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE smoldering; log; mathematical model; wood; char ID POLYURETHANE FOAM; COMBUSTION; BIOMASS; CIGARETTE; PYROLYSIS AB A mathematical model is developed describing the natural smoldering of logs. It is considered the steady one-dimensional propagation of infinitesimally thin fronts of drying, pyrolysis, and char oxidation in a horizontal semi-infinite log. Expressions for the burn rates, distribution profiles of temperature, and positions of the drying, pyrolysis, and smoldering fronts are obtained in terms of the smolder temperatures. An appropriate smolder transfer number is defined. Heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation inside the porous matrix of the log is considered, as are convection and radiation around the log and inside the boundary layer adjacent to the smoldering end. Solutions for the problem without circumferential heat losses and for a single front of drying and pyrolysis are also presented. The effects of variations of several parameters, such as moisture content, log diameter, pyrolysis temperature, heat of char oxidation, heat of pyrolysis, porosity, fuel density, and char density, are evaluated. The theoretical burning rates are in good agreement with available experimental data. (C) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 INPE, Lab Associado Combustao & Propulsao, BR-12630000 Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. USDA, PNRS, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Costa, FD (reprint author), INPE, Lab Associado Combustao & Propulsao, Caixa Postal 01, BR-12630000 Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. EM fernando@lcp.inpe.br NR 30 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD NOV PY 2004 VL 139 IS 3 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.07.009 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 873LM UT WOS:000225281800005 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Waldbieser, GC Bilodeau, L AF Peterson, BC Waldbieser, GC Bilodeau, L TI IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA expression in slow and fast growing families of USDA 103 channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; gene expression; real time per; muscle; liver; IGF-I; IGF-II ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FACTOR BINDING-PROTEINS; TIME RT-PCR; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; BONY FISH; BODY-COMPOSITION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SPARUS-AURATA; CELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS AB The objective of this study was to examine insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II mRNA levels in fast and slow growing families of catfish. Relative levels of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. Family A exhibited a specific growth rate (SGR) of 3.6 and was designated as fast growing, while family H exhibited a SGR of 3.1 and was designated as slow growing (P=0.017). Levels of IGF-II mRNA were 3.3-fold greater (P=0.006) in muscle for the fast growing family compared to the slow growing family. Levels of IGF-II mRNA were 1.8-fold greater (P=0.049) in liver for the fast growing family compared to the slow growing family. Levels of IGF-II mRNA from both fast and slow families were 12.2-fold greater (P<0.001) in muscle and 5.8-fold greater (P=0.021) in liver, respectively, compared to levels of IGF-I mRNA. Muscle and liver levels of IGF-I mRNA were similar between families. Elevated levels of IGF-II mRNA in muscle and liver compared to IGF-I mRNA, as well as differences in levels of IGF-II mRNA between fast and slow growing families of fish suggests a role of IGF-II in growth of channel catfish. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Peterson, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bpeterson@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 139 IS 3 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.09.015 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 877YY UT WOS:000225613300007 PM 15556387 ER PT J AU Dugger, KM Faaborg, J Arendt, WJ Hobson, KA AF Dugger, KM Faaborg, J Arendt, WJ Hobson, KA TI Understanding survival and abundance of overwintering Warblers: Does rainfall matter? SO CONDOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Avian Dispersal and Demography - Scaling up to the Landscape and Beyond held at the 121st Annual Meeting of the AOU CY AUG, 2003 CL Urbana Champaign, IL SP AOU DE American Redstart; Black-and-white Warbler; Ovenbird; population size variation; Puerto Rico; stable isotopes; survival ID MARKED ANIMALS; NORTH-AMERICA; PUERTO-RICO; POPULATION; PRODUCTIVITY; MIGRATION; OVENBIRDS; IMPACTS; FOREST; BIRDS AB We investigated relationships between warbler abundance and survival rates measured on a Puerto Rican wintering site and rainfall patterns measured on the wintering site and in regions where these warblers breed, as estimated using stable-isotope analysis (deltaD) of feathers collected from wintering birds. We banded birds using constant-effort mist netting from January 1989-2003 in the Gunica Forest of southwestern Puerto Rico. Black-and-white Warblers (Mniotilta varia), American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla), and Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) dominated the Neotropical migrant capture totals each winter, with resulting sample sizes large enough to estimate survival rates. Estimates of capture probability from survival modeling allowed us to estimate abundance from mist-netting capture totals for Black-and-white Warblers and Ovenbirds. Stable-hydrogen isotopes showed that the three focal species came mostly from the eastern United States. Black-and-white Warbler abundance was related to rainfall total deviations from normal in Guanica Forest, and Ovenbird abundance was related to total annual rainfall in the United States. Survival models with rainfall covariates were weakly supported overall, but apparent survival of Black-and-white Warblers and American Redstarts was negatively related to rain during the first 6 months of the year at Guanica, and Ovenbird survival was related to rainfall during the spring in the southeastern U.S. Abundance and apparent survival exhibited similar, species-specific patterns of association with rainfall for Black-and-white Warblers and Ovenbirds. Winter rainfall was important to demographic parameters of Black-and-white Warblers, and breeding-season rain was important to Ovenbirds. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. RP Dugger, KM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM katie.dugger@oregonstate.edu NR 36 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 18 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2004 VL 106 IS 4 BP 744 EP 760 DI 10.1650/7632 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 869VS UT WOS:000225013200004 ER PT J AU Namanda, S Olanya, OM Adipala, E Hakiza, JJ El-Bedewy, R Baghsari, AS Ewell, P AF Namanda, S Olanya, OM Adipala, E Hakiza, JJ El-Bedewy, R Baghsari, AS Ewell, P TI Fungicide application and host-resistance for potato late blight management: benefits assessment from on-farm studies in SW Uganda SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE mancozeb dithane M45; fungicide application; host resistance; IPM; late blight; economic returns; Uganda ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS AB Late blight caused by Phvtophthora infestans, is one of the most significant constraints to potato production in Uganda and other regions of the world. Fungicides and host plant resistance are among the most efficient control options available to growers. Field trials were conducted in 1999 and 2000 in South-western Uganda to evaluate the cost effectiveness of fungicide application regimes on six potato varieties. A factorial experiment with five fungicide application intervals (weekly, fortnightly, IPM, no spray and farmers' practice) and six potato varieties was established. Late blight infection was prevalent in both years, and a significant amount of disease was detected (P<0.05). Application of fungicide treatments considerably reduced late blight progress, with a corresponding increase in tuber yield. Based on monitoring of late blight disease occurrence and weather variables, two applications of the contact fungicide mancozeb on a moderately resistant variety was the most economical. Marginal rates of return and net benefits were significantly affected by fungicide applications. In the IPM treatment, late blight disease monitoring or scouting prior to first fungicide applications resulted in significant economic gains compared to scheduled applications of weekly and biweekly or no application (control) treatments. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Int Potato Ctr, CIP, Reg Off Sub Saharan Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. Int Potato Ctr, Soroti, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Kampala, Uganda. Kawanda Agr Res Inst, Kampala, Uganda. CIP Egypt, Kafr El Zayat, Egypt. Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. USAID, REDSO, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto@maine.edu NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1075 EP 1083 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2004.03.011 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 857WT UT WOS:000224150800008 ER PT J AU Young, FL Thorne, ME AF Young, FL Thorne, ME TI Weed-species dynamics and management in no-till and reduced-till fallow cropping systems for the semi-arid agricultural region of the Pacific Northwest, USA SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE chemical fallow; dust-mulch fallow; no-till spring crop; weed management; weed shifts; winter wheat ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SPRING-SEEDED CROPS; WIND EROSION; RUSSIAN THISTLE; WINTER-WHEAT; DOWNY BROME; SOIL; ROTATION; IMPACT AB Weed management is an important consideration in implementing new cropping systems. In the semi-arid region of the Pacific Northwest, grower interest is increasing in no-till spring cropping systems because of wind erosion from traditional winter wheat Triticum aestivian L./dust-mulch fallow (WWF). However, no-till represents a major shift in production practices and is likely to produce new weed management challenges. A 6-year study was initiated in 1995 to develop no-till spring cropping systems and to examine associated weed management strategies for the region. Large field-size plots were delineated in two adjacent WWF fields designated west and east sites. Rotations in each site were WWF, no-till spring wheat Triticum aestivum L./chemical fallow (SWF), no-till continuous hard-red spring wheat (CSW), and no-till hard-red spring wheat/spring barley Hordeum vulgare L. (SWSB). Weed density and richness were surveyed three times each year and included late-winter, spring in-crop, and prior to crop harvest. Because of previous cropping histories, initial weed density was higher in the east than in the west plots. Weed management for east WWF was more intense than for west WWF and reduced Bromus tectoruni L. density without a subsequent increase of other species. In contrast, weed management in west WWF was less intense and B. tectoruni increased. No difference in weed density or richness was detected between CSW and SWSB rotations within each field site; therefore, data from these two rotations were combined and analyzed as a single continuous spring cereal (CSC) rotation. After 6yrs, weed density was lower in east SWF and cast CSC rotations at all three assessments. Weed density in the west CSC rotation was low throughout the research except for an occasional increase in volunteer cereal, but problems in chemical-fallow management increased west SWF weed density. Species richness in no-till increased in late-winter assessments after the first year as B. tectorion population declined and dicot species appeared. However, species richness was low at harvest assessments as herbicides controlled dicot weeds better than annual grasses. Weed populations in no-till rotations declined because of late-winter herbicide control of winter-annual weeds, in-crop herbicide control of dicot weeds, and postharvest herbicide applications to control Salsora iberica. The presence of wind-disseminated seed of Lactuca serriola L. and Conyza canadensis L. Cronq. in west SWF suggests these species may be future problems for long-term no-till. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Young, FL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM youngfl@wsu.edu NR 51 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1097 EP 1110 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2004.03.018 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 857WT UT WOS:000224150800011 ER PT J AU Havey, MJ AF Havey, MJ TI Application of genomic technologies to crop plants: Opportunities and challenges SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Genomics and Plant Breeding CY NOV 13, 2002 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Crop Sci Soc Amer, CSREES, USDA, CSSA Div C1, CSSA Div C7 ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DRAFT SEQUENCE; MS LOCUS; RICE; DNA; EVOLUTION; ALLIUM; ONION; MAP; CONSTRUCTION C1 USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1893 EP 1895 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000002 ER PT J AU Thro, AM Parrott, W Udall, JA Beavis, WD AF Thro, AM Parrott, W Udall, JA Beavis, WD TI This issue in crop science - Symposium on genomics and plant breeding: The experience of the initiative for future agricultural and food systems - Introduction SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RP Thro, AM (reprint author), USDA, CSREES, 800 9th St, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM athro@csrees.usda.gov NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1893 EP 1893 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000001 ER PT J AU Livingston, DP Elwinger, GF Murphy, JP AF Livingston, DP Elwinger, GF Murphy, JP TI Moving beyond the winter hardiness plateau in US oat germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION AB Progress has been slow in the development of winter-hardy oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars. No cultivar released in the last 40 yr has better freezing tolerance than the cultivar Norline, which was released in 1960. However, in an analysis of 65 yr of field testing, Norline was not more winter hardy than 'Wintok', which was released in 1940. An analysis of individual location-year combinations of Wintok and Norline suggested that progeny from a cross of these two cultivars might contain germplasm that was transgressive for freezing tolerance. The objective of this research was to use mass selection in controlled environment freeze tests on successive segregating generations of the cross between Wintok and Norline to identify inbred progenies with significantly greater winter hardiness than either parent. Following three generations of seed increase and three generations of selection for freezing tolerance in controlled freeze tests, several F-7 genotypes were identified with greater freezing tolerance than both parents. In the F-9 generation, two of the lines exhibited a higher level of freezing tolerance than either parent, and both were slightly more freezing tolerant than the moderately winter-hardy barley, Hordeum vulgare 'Trebi'. C1 USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Livingston, DP (reprint author), USDA, 840 Method Rd, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dpl@unity.ncsu.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1966 EP 1969 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000016 ER PT J AU Peel, MD Waldron, BL Jensen, KB Chatterton, NJ Horton, H Dudley, LM AF Peel, MD Waldron, BL Jensen, KB Chatterton, NJ Horton, H Dudley, LM TI Screening for salinity tolerance in alfalfa: A repeatable method SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; SALT TOLERANCE; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; GERMINATION; WHEATGRASS; HERITABILITY; VARIABILITY; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; SELECTION AB A lack of salt-tolerant cultivars may be due in part to inadequate evaluation protocols used for selection. Our objective was to develop a greenhouse protocol that is simple and consistently separates genotypes for their relative ability to survive under saline conditions. In 2000 and 2001, 12 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars were seeded in 3.8- by 21-cm cone-shaped containers plugged with capillary matting and filled with silica sand. Six-week-old seedlings were submersed in a NaCl-nutrient solution starting at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 3.0 dS m(-1) and increased 3.0 dS m(-1) every 1 to 2 wk for 10 to 13 wk. Probit analysis was used to estimate the time and salt dose to reach 50 (LD50) and 75% (LD75) mortality. Probit results were compared with cultivar ranking for mean percentage plant mortality when overall trial mortality reached approximately 50 and 75%. Pearson's rank correlations between 2000 and 2001 at the LD50 and LD75 levels were r = 0.90 (P < 0.001) and r = 0.88 (P < 0.001), respectively. Rank correlations between 2000 and 2001 based on means when overall trial mortality levels were approximately 50 and 75% were r = 0.92 (P < 0.001) and r = 0.85 (P < 0.001), respectively. The correlations between mean percentage cultivar mortality rankings and the probit-based rankings were above r = 0.90 (P < 0.001) in both years. The high correlations verify that this protocol produces repeatable results and provides a method to effectively screen large numbers of plants for survival under saline conditions. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plant Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Peel, MD (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mpeel@cc.usu.edu NR 30 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2049 EP 2053 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000028 ER PT J AU Stombaugh, SK Orf, JH Jung, HG Chase, K Lark, KG Somers, DA AF Stombaugh, SK Orf, JH Jung, HG Chase, K Lark, KG Somers, DA TI Quantitative trait loci associated with cell wall polysaccharides in soybean seed SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AGRONOMIC TRAITS; GENETICS; BIOSYNTHESIS; POPULATIONS; LINKAGE; GENOME; YIELD; MEAL AB Seed cell wall polysaccharides (CWPs) represent a significant portion of seed dry matter (DM) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis is a step toward identifying genes controlling CWP concentration and composition of soybean seed. The objectives of this study were to identify QTLs associated with CWP variability and investigate the relationships between seed CWP, protein, and oil content. Whole soybean seed from 'Minsoy', 'Archer', and 108 Minsoy X Archer recombinant inbred (RI) lines were analyzed for CWP using the Uppsala total dietary fiber method. For a random subsample of 73 RI lines, embryos (seed with the seed coats removed) were analyzed. Three QTLs were observed on Linkage Groups U3 (ISU A2), U7 (ISU A1), and U24 (ISU K) that represented most of the variability in CWP content expressed on a DM basis in both whole seed and embryos. A QTL for fucose was detected on U3. Linkage Group U7 contained multiple QTLs mapping at the same location for galactose, the arabinose-to-galactose ratio (Ara/ Gal), pectin, and CWP content. A QTL for arabinose was on U24. These same chromosomal regions also exhibited significant QTLs when the monosaccharide data were expressed on a CWP basis, suggesting that most of the variation in CWP was controlled by changes in the incorporation of galactose, arabinose, and focose into CWP as total CWP concentration increased. Negative correlations of protein with oil, and the sum of protein and oil with most monosaccharides, pectin, and CWP were present within the RI population, indicating that decreasing seed CWP content will improve seed quality. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Somers, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM somers@biosci.cbs.umn.edu NR 22 TC 12 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2101 EP 2106 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000035 ER PT J AU Kasperbauer, MJ Loughrin, JH AF Kasperbauer, MJ Loughrin, JH TI Butterbean seed yield, color, and protein content are affected by photomorphogenesis SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RED MULCH; LIGHT; LEAVES; FIELD; STRAWBERRIES; RESPONSES; SUGAR; CROPS; AROMA AB Yield and nutrient content of edible beans are important to growers and consumers. Our objective was to determine whether some colors of light reflected to growing bean plants could affect photomorphogenesis enough to result in greater seed yield. Speckled butterbean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) was used as the test crop because it is a popular food crop, and the speckled areas contain anthocyanins, which function as antioxidants. The plants were grown in drip-irrigated rows that were covered with plastic mulch to conserve water and to reflect morphogenic light. Black served as the control; and red, green, and white mulch surface colors were used to reflect different quantities of blue (BL), red (R), and far-red (FR) light to the plants from emergence to ripening of seed. Seed yield over red was significantly greater than over black, green, or white. The area of seed coat covered by dark speckles was highest over red and lowest over black and green. Protein concentration on a seed weight basis did not differ among colors, but significantly more seed protein per plant was found in beans that developed over red than over black, green, or white surfaces. We conclude that altering the amounts of BL, R, and FR reflected to developing speckled butterbean plants can alter physiological processes enough to affect seed yield, anthocyanin-containing area on seed coats, and amount of seed protein per plant. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Kasperbauer, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM michaeljkasper@aol.com NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2123 EP 2126 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000038 ER PT J AU Tracy, BF Sanderson, MA AF Tracy, BF Sanderson, MA TI Productivity and stability relationships in mowed pasture communities of varying species composition SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; GRASSLAND; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZER; LANDS AB Plant species composition of most managed pasture lands tends to be dominated by one or two species, usually a perennial grass and a legume. Recent ecological research suggests that increasing this forage diversity could increase pasture productivity and stability. We conducted a 4-yr field experiment to determine whether increasing the diversity of pasture mixtures would increase yields and improve interannual yield stability. Mixtures of cool-season pasture plants ranging from one to 15 species were planted into 2.25-m(2) plots in May 1998. Interannual yield variation and yield responses to mowing frequency (2- vs. 4-wk frequency) were used to evaluate stability. Forage yields averaged <400 g m(-2) yr(-1) in mixtures having one or two species, while mixtures with three or more species averaged <1000 g m(-2) yr(-1). Increasing the diversity of mixtures beyond three sown species did not consistently improve yields. Interannual yield variation was lowest in the one- and two-species mixtures, and showed no consistent relationship with increasing species diversity. The number of species planted in each mixture declined by approximately 30% from 1999 to 2001, with the mixtures becoming dominated by perennial grasses. Although limitations in our experimental design prevent us from making strong conclusions about relationships between forage diversity and pasture productivity, our findings suggest that increased forage yield and stability may be best achieved by planting two or three forage species that are well matched to specific environmental conditions rather than planting a random assemblage of forage species in a complex mixture. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tracy, BF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bftracy@uiuc.edu NR 33 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2180 EP 2186 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000046 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Skinner, RH van der Grinten, M Kujawski, J AF Sanderson, MA Skinner, RH van der Grinten, M Kujawski, J TI Eastern bottlebrush grass yield, persistence, and nutritive value in the northeastern USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VIRGINIA WILDRYE AB Introduced (normative) species account for nearly all of the forage grasses used in northeastern USA forage systems. We evaluated accessions of the native cool-season species, Eastern bottlebrush grass (Elymus hystrix var. hystrix L.), from the northeastern USA for yield, persistence, plant morphological traits, and nutritive value. Thirteen accessions and one commercial ecotype of bottlebrush grass were transplanted into single-row field plots in late summer of 2000 at Beltsville, MD, Rock Springs, PA, and Big Flats, NY. Two orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars were included for reference. Yield, persistence, morphology (leaf width, length, mass, area, and tillers per plant), and nutritive value data were collected during 2001 and 2002. Bottlebrush grass was eliminated by the bluegrass billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal) at Rock Springs in spring of 2001. At Big Flats and Beltsville, the bottlebrush grass accessions produced as much dry matter per plant as the commercial ecotype. Orchardgrass yielded four times as much dry matter as the mean of all bottlebrush grass entries (102 g vs. 26 g per plant averaged for years and locations). The low productivity of bottlebrush grass resulted from reduced tillering especially during regrowth. There was very little regrowth of bottlebrush grass during late summer in all environments. Survival of bottlebrush grass was 36% during 3 yr vs. 84% for orchardgrass. Differences in nutritive value among accessions were due mainly to differences in leaf-to-stem mass ratio. Eastern bottlebrush grass has limited potential for use as a forage grass in the northeastern USA. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, NRCS, Plant Mat Ctr, Big Flats, NY 14830 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd,Univ Pk, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mas44@psu.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2193 EP 2198 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000048 ER PT J AU Sakhanokho, HF Ozias-Akins, P May, OL Chee, PW AF Sakhanokho, HF Ozias-Akins, P May, OL Chee, PW TI Induction of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in select Georgia and pee dee cotton lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; TRANSGENIC COTTON; TISSUE-CULTURES; SHOOT APEX; TRANSFORMATION; AGROBACTERIUM; BARBADENSE; CULTIVARS; EMBRYO; L. AB The current standard strategy for cotton transformation uses Agrobacterium for gene transfer and regeneration via somatic embryogenesis, but it is successful only for a handful of cultivars. This study was undertaken with the prospect of expanding the number of elite Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsatum L.) genotypes that can be regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. We tested 15 elite Upland cotton lines from Southeast germplasm: eight lines developed by the Georgia Agriculture Experiment Station and seven by the USDA-ARS Pee Dee cotton breeding program. These genotypes were tested on three embryo initiation-maturation media that were previously found to be capable of inducing somatic embryogenesis in diverse cotton species. Three Pee Dee lines, PD 97019, PD 97021, and PD 97100, and one Georgia line, GA 98033, responded to at least one of the three medium treatments. As expected, the regeneration efficiency of the Georgia and Pee Dee lines was relatively low as compared with the standard Coker 312 cultivar and a high degree of seed-to-seed variability was observed. However, the mean number of somatic embryos (SEs) per gram of tissues was high for the two best embryogenic lines, PD 97019 and GA 98033. Furthermore, the percentage of SEs that converted into plantlets for GA 98033 was comparable to Coker 312 for two of the three media tested. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Chee, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM pwchee@uga.edu NR 29 TC 9 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2199 EP 2205 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000049 ER PT J AU Xu, SS Friesen, TL Mujeeb-Kazi, A AF Xu, SS Friesen, TL Mujeeb-Kazi, A TI Seedling resistance to tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch in synthetic hexaploid wheats SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; NECROSIS-INDUCING TOXIN; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; WINTER-WHEAT; SENSITIVITY; GENE; LEAF AB Tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), caused by fungi Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs. fanamorph: Drechslera tritici-repentis (Died.) Shoem.] and Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Mwler) Hedjaroude [anamorph: Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.) Castellani & Germano], respectively, are two important foliar diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the two sets of elite synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) lines (Elite 1 and Elite 2) developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) for their seedling resistance to P. tritiei-repentis and P. nodorum. In this study, 120 elite CIMMYT SHW lines and their durum wheat IT. turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] parents were inoculated with P. tritici-repentis race 1 and a standard field isolate (Sn2000) of P. nodorum, respectively, in two separate three-replication experiments. The seedling reactions to P. tritici-repentis and P. nodorum were evaluated 7 and 10 d postinoculation, respectively. The plant leaves were also infiltrated with the host-selective toxin (HST) Ptr ToxA at the two-leaf stage and sensitivity was evaluated 3 to 4 d postinfiltration. As expected, most SHW lines were the same as their durum parents in their sensitivity to Ptr ToxA because the sensitivity locus Tsn1 is located on chromosome 5B. However, a few of the synthetics were different from their durum parents, suggesting that heterozygosity and heterogeneity might exist in some of the SHW lines and durum parents. The toxin sensitivity significantly increased susceptibility of the synthetics to tan spot but had no significant effects on durum parents. The data showed that 56 (46.7%) and 36 (30.0%) SHW lines were resistant to tan spot and SNB, respectively, whereas resistance was almost absent in the durum parents. These results suggest that the elite CIMMYT synthetics are an excellent source of resistance to tan spot and SNB and should be useful in developing new resistant cultivars and adapted germplasm in bread wheat. C1 USDA, ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xus@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2238 EP 2245 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000054 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Waldron, BL Larson, SR Peel, MD AF Jensen, KB Waldron, BL Larson, SR Peel, MD TI Registration of 'Cache' meadow bromegrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin@cc.usu.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2263 EP 2264 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000061 ER PT J AU Mornhinweg, DW Edwards, LH Smith, EL Morgan, GH Webster, JA Porter, DR Carver, BF AF Mornhinweg, DW Edwards, LH Smith, EL Morgan, GH Webster, JA Porter, DR Carver, BF TI Registration of 'Post 90' Barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GREENBUG RESISTANCE; HOMOPTERA C1 USDA, ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Mornhinweg, DW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM Do.Mornhinweg@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2263 EP 2263 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000060 ER PT J AU Ohm, HW Patterson, FL Ratcliffe, RH Cambron, SE Williams, CE AF Ohm, HW Patterson, FL Ratcliffe, RH Cambron, SE Williams, CE TI Registration of Hessian fly resistant wheat germplasm line P921696 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CECIDOMYIIDAE; DIPTERA C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ohm, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hohm@purdue.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2272 EP 2273 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000072 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Baenziger, PS AF Graybosch, RA Baenziger, PS TI Registration of three partial waxy winter wheats SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rag@unlserve.unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2273 EP 2274 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000073 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of CP07 and CP08 sugarbeet germplasms with resistance to powdery mildew, rhizomania, and other diseases SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VULGARIS SUBSP MARITIMA; VIRUS YELLOWS C1 USDA ARS, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rlewellen@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2276 EP 2277 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000076 ER PT J AU Beuselinck, PR AF Beuselinck, PR TI Registration of ARS-2424 birdsfoot trefoil germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Beuselinck, PR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 207 Waters, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM beuselinckp@missouri.edu NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2277 EP 2278 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000077 ER PT J AU May, OL Chee, PW Sakhanokho, H AF May, OL Chee, PW Sakhanokho, H TI Registration of GA98033 upland cotton germplasm line SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruits Res Unit, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP May, OL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM lmay@tifton.uga.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2278 EP 2279 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000079 ER PT J AU Palmer, RG Matson, AL Knap, HT AF Palmer, RG Matson, AL Knap, HT TI Registration of an apetalous male-sterile genetic stock (T368) of soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Genet Biochem & Life Sci Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rpalmer@iastate.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2282 EP 2283 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 871SG UT WOS:000225153000082 ER PT J AU D'Anci, KE Rosenberg, IH AF D'Anci, KE Rosenberg, IH TI Folate and brain function in the elderly SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; dementia; depression; elderly; folate; folic acid; homocysteine ID FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; SERUM VITAMIN-B-12; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; DEPRESSION; DEMENTIA; NUTRITION; HEALTH AB Purpose of review Over the past several decades, folate has emerged as an important nutrient in several key conditions of concern to the elderly. Subclinical levels of folate inadequacy can have significant negative impacts on health in older individuals. Recent findings Serum and red blood cell folate levels are associated with depression in younger individuals, but the relationship is less clear in older people.. However, folate status does predict response to antidepressant treatment in older individuals. Cognitive decline and some forms of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, are associated with lower folate levels. Supplementation with folic acid can provide cognitive benefits in some circumstances. Folic acid supplementation is generally regarded as safe; however, there remains some concern that high levels of folic acid may exacerbate the neurological consequences of a vitamin 1312 deficiency. Summary Evidence for the role of folate in depression and dementia in the aged is increasing, although there remains much about mechanisms to be determined. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM irwin.rosenberg@tufts.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK065114, T32 DK007651] NR 48 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1363-1950 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD NOV PY 2004 VL 7 IS 6 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.1097/00075197-200411000-00011 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 877EU UT WOS:000225551400010 PM 15534434 ER PT J AU Marianov, V Snyder, S ReVelle, C AF Marianov, V Snyder, S ReVelle, C TI Trading off species protection and timber production in forests managed for multiple objectives SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID RESERVE SITE SELECTION; ADJACENCY CONSTRAINTS; LOCATION PROBLEM; ALGORITHMS; AREA; SYSTEMS AB We address a multiobjective forest-management problem that maximizes harvested timber volume and maximizes the protection of species through the selection of protected habitat reserves. As opposed to reserving parcels of the forest for general habitat purposes, as most published works do, the model we present, and its several variants, concentrate on the preservation status of each one of the species living in the forest under study. Thus, all of the formulations we propose trade off harvested timber volume against the weighted number of preserved species. Each formulation represents a different management policy. Casting the models in a static setting allows us to analyze the effect of several management policies through computational experience with different forest-stucture-species relationships. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Coll Engn, Santiago 4860, Chile. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Marianov, V (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Coll Engn, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 4860, Chile. EM marianov@ing.puc.cl; stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us; revelle@jhuvms.hcf.jhu.edu RI Marianov, Vladimir/D-1360-2011 OI Marianov, Vladimir/0000-0002-5343-0106 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0265-8135 J9 ENVIRON PLANN B JI Environ. Plan. B-Plan. Des. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 847 EP 862 DI 10.1068/b3126 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876IA UT WOS:000225488900004 ER PT J AU Edwards, P Huber, C Wood, F AF Edwards, P Huber, C Wood, F TI Ozone exposures and implications for vegetation in rural areas of the central Appalachian Mountains, U. S. A. SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE air pollution; compliance; drought; forest health; Ozone standards ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; PROTECT VEGETATION; QUERCUS-RUBRA; SENSITIVITY; SITES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SEEDLINGS; STANDARD; FOREST; STRESS AB The United States is making the transition from the 1979 1 hr maximum ozone standard to the newly adopted 8 hr ozone standard (3 yr average of the 4th highest maximum 8 hr ozone concentration). Consequently, we analyzed and compared ozone concentrations under both standards from a variety of monitoring sites throughout the central Appalachian region of Kentucky (KY), West Virginia (WV), and Virginia (VA). Data from 1988-1999 were used to determine how ozone exposure between the two metrics compared for remote sites. Most sites exceeded the 1 hr standard in 1988-1990 due to the 3 yr averaging and multiple high ozone concentrations that occurred over the region in 1988. All sites were in compliance with the 1 hr standard every year after 1991. It was much more common for the ozone exposure to exceed the 8 hr standard, particularly from 1997-1999. Many sites showed exceedences beginning in 1995; Big Meadows (VA) exceeded the 8 hr standard all years except 1994 and 1996. Response of vegetation to ozone in these areas was determined using the combination of W126 values (sigmoidally weighted exposure index), the number of hours that average concentrations greater than or equal to0.10 ppm (N100), and the presence of moderate or more extreme droughts. In general, W126 and N100 values suggested that negative vegetation growth responses over most of the 12 yr would have been minimal for most sites, even for those exceeding ozone standards. Drought-induced stomatal closures would have overridden more extreme negative growth responses at all but the Big Meadows site in 1988. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, George Washington & Jefferson Natl Forests, Roanoke, VA USA. RP Edwards, P (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM pjedwards@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 98 IS 1-3 BP 157 EP 174 DI 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000038184.65332.f6 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 847AM UT WOS:000223361000009 PM 15473534 ER PT J AU Edwards, PJ Williard, KWJ Kochenderfer, JN AF Edwards, PJ Williard, KWJ Kochenderfer, JN TI Sampling considerations for establishment of baseline loadings from forested watersheds for TMDL application SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrate; sampling frequency; stormflow concentrations; suspended sediment; total maximum daily loads ID UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN AB Five methods for estimating maximum daily and annual nitrate (NO3) and suspended sediment loads using periodic sampling of varying intensities were compared to actual loads calculated from intensive stormflow and baseflow sampling from small, forested watersheds in north central West Virginia to determine if the less intensive sampling methods were accurate and could be utilized in TMDL development. There were no significant differences between the annual NO3 load estimates using non-intensive sampling methods and the actual NO3 loads. However, maximum daily NO3 loads were estimated less accurately than annual loads. The ability to estimate baseline NO3 loads fairly accurately with non-intensive concentration data is attributed to the small fluctuation in NO3 concentrations over flow and time, particularly during storms. By contrast, suspended sediment exports determined by any of the non-intensive methods varied significantly and widely from and compared poorly to the actual exports for both daily and annual methods. Weekly sampling better approximated actual annual exports, but there were no significant statistical differences among weekly, monthly, and quarterly estimates. Suspended sediment concentrations varied widely within and among storm events, so that accurate estimates of total annual or maximum daily loads could not be obtained from infrequent sampling. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Edwards, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM pjedwards@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 98 IS 1-3 BP 201 EP 223 DI 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000038187.33602.c0 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 847AM UT WOS:000223361000012 PM 15473537 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Spann, JW Hulse, CS Torrez, M Williams, BI Leffel, R AF Vyas, NB Spann, JW Hulse, CS Torrez, M Williams, BI Leffel, R TI Decomposed gosling feet provide evidence of insecticide exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE birds; decomposition; diazinon; feet; insecticides; residues ID CANADA GEESE; TURF APPLICATION; DIAZINON AG500; PESTICIDES; MORTALITY; CARRION AB Canada goose goslings were exposed to turf sprayed with D.Z.N(R) diazinon 50W application (2.24 kg a.i./ha). The control plot was subjected to a water application. One foot from each bird was placed outdoors for 7 d to decompose and the other foot was kept frozen. Diazinon residues were analyzed on both feet. Results showed that diazinon was detected from undecomposed and decomposed feet of the birds. Diazinon residues were below the level of detection (<0.01 ppm, a.i.) on the feet from the control goslings. Decomposed feet may be used for determining insecticide exposure when the traditional matrices are not available. C1 US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Unit 130, Riverdale, MD USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Patuxent Res Refuge, Laurel, MD USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Nimish_Vyas@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 98 IS 1-3 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000038195.38438.be PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 847AM UT WOS:000223361000020 PM 15473545 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG Chaney, RL AF Reeves, PG Chaney, RL TI Marginal nutritional status of zinc, iron, and calcium increases cadmium retention in the duodenum and other organs of rats fed rice-based SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE zinc; calcium; iron; cadmium; bioavailability; rice; rats ID DIETARY-CADMIUM; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; COPPER; CROPS; BIOAVAILABILITY; METALLOTHIONEIN; TRANSPORTER; DEFICIENCY; PESTICIDES; METABOLISM AB Dietary minerals Zn, Fe, and Ca are antagonistic to Cd absorption. We showed earlier that rats fed a rice-based diet with a marginal content of these nutrients absorbed more Cd than rats fed adequate Zn-Fe-Ca (Environ. Sci. Technol., 36 (2002) 2684-2692). The present experiment was designed to determine the effects of marginal dietary Zn, Fe, and Ca on the uptake and turnover of Cd in the gastrointestinal tract. Two groups of weanling female rats (six per treatment) were fed a diet containing 40% cooked, dried rice containing 0.6 mg Cd/kg. The diet of one group contained adequate Zn (35 mg/kg), Fe (30 mg/kg), and Ca (5000 mg/kg), while that of the other group contained marginal Zn (6 mg/kg), Fe (9 mg/kg), and Ca (2500 mg/kg). Rats were fed for 5 weeks and then orally dosed with 1 g of diet containing rice extrinsically labeled with Cd-109. From 0.25 to 64 days after dosing, Cd-109 and total Cd concentrations were determined in intestinal segments. Shortly after dosing, 109Cd, as a percentage of the dose, was about 4 times higher in the duodenum of marginally fed rats than in that of control rats (10% vs 40%, respectively). Sixty-four days after dosing, Cd-109 was 10 times higher in marginally fed rats than in controls; however, of the amount at day 1, < 0.1% remained at day 64. After 5 weeks, the concentration of elemental Cd in the duodenum of the marginally fed rats was 8 times higher than that of control rats (24 mug/g dry wt. vs 2.9 mug/g dry wt., respectively). Cd concentrations in liver and kidney were 5 times higher in the marginally fed rats than those in controls (liver, 0.81 mug/g dry wt. vs 0.14 mug/g dry wt.; kidney, 4.7 mug/g dry wt. vs 0.92 mug/g dry wt., respectively). These data suggest that marginal intakes of Zn, Fe, and Ca cause the accumulation of Cd in the duodenum, which results in a greater rate of Cd absorption and a greater accumulation in the internal organs. Results are discussed in relation to mineral nutrient status and risk assessment of Cd in natural food sources. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM preeves@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 46 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 96 IS 3 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2004.02.013 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 858LZ UT WOS:000224194600010 PM 15364599 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Dungan, RS Zheng, W Guo, M Lesch, SM Yates, SR AF Papiernik, SK Dungan, RS Zheng, W Guo, M Lesch, SM Yates, SR TI Effect of application variables on emissions and distribution of fumigants applied via subsurface drip irrigation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; SOIL FUMIGANT; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; VOLATILIZATION; BROMIDE; BEHAVIOR; COLUMNS AB Soil fumigation is useful for controlling soil-borne pests and diseases in high-cash-value crops. Fumigants are highly volatile, and approaches to reduce atmospheric emissions are required to protect human and environmental health. Application of fumigants through drip irrigation has been proposed as a means to decrease fumigant emissions, improve fumigant distribution in soil, and minimize worker exposure. These experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of the configuration of the drip system on the volatilization and distribution of the fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), propargyl bromide (PrBr), and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) in bedded systems. Results indicated that changing the drip emitter spacing and using multiple drip lines in each bed had little effect on the emissions and distribution of any fumigant. Increasing the depth of application from 15 to 30 cm reduced volatilization of MITC by similar to20 to >90%; emissions were reduced due to a decrease in the flux from the bed top, and deeper injection did not change the amount of fumigant volatilized from the bed side slope and furrow. Increasing the application depth resulted in a slight decrease in the rate of fumigant dissipation in soil, indicating the potential for some improvement in pest-control efficacy with deeper application. C1 USDA, ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM papiernik@morris.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 21 BP 5489 EP 5496 DI 10.1021/es04906q PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 866SO UT WOS:000224793600010 PM 15575263 ER PT J AU Broadhurst, CL Chaney, RL Angle, JS Maugel, TK Erbe, EF Murphy, CA AF Broadhurst, CL Chaney, RL Angle, JS Maugel, TK Erbe, EF Murphy, CA TI Simultaneous hyperaccumulation of nickel, manganese, and calcium in Alyssum leaf trichomes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION; ARABIDOPSIS-HALLERI; SOILS; PHYTOEXTRACTION; LESBIACUM; PLANTS; METAL; ZINC AB We have developed commercially viable phytoremediation/phytomining technologies employing Alyssum Ni-hyperaccumulator species to quantitatively extract Ni from soils. The majority of Ni is stored either in Alyssum leaf epidermal cell vacuoles or in the basal portions only of the numerous stellate trichomes. Here, we report simultaneous and region-specific localization of high levels of Ni, Mn, and Ca within Alyssum trichomes as determined by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). Plants were grown in high Ni soil, achieving up to 48 400 mug g(-1) Ni in total leaf concentration; however, Ca and Mn were not enriched in the experimental soils. The region-specific localization of hyperaccumulated Ca, Mn, and Ni occurred in three soil types, five Alyssum species/ecotypes, and over a wide range of soil Ni concentrations. The metal concentration in the trichome basal compartment was similar to15-20% dry weight, the highest ever reported for healthy vascular plant tissue. C1 USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Agr Expt Stn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Lab Biol Ultrastruct, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Electron Microscopy Unit, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Broadhurst, CL (reprint author), USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM broadhul@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 21 BP 5797 EP 5802 DI 10.1021/es0493796 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 866SO UT WOS:000224793600049 PM 15575302 ER PT J AU Mersie, W McNamee, C Seybold, C Wu, JG Tierney, D AF Mersie, W McNamee, C Seybold, C Wu, JG Tierney, D TI Degradation of metolachlor in bare and vegetated soils and in simulated water-sediment systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metolachlor; sediment; degradation; half-life; switchgrass ID ACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; ACID METABOLITES; BUFFER STRIPS; FILTER STRIPS; ATRAZINE; RUNOFF; IOWA; TRANSFORMATION; PROPACHLOR; ALACHLOR AB A study was conducted to determine the half-life (t(1/2)), degradation rate, and metabolites of metolachlor in a water-sediment system and in soil with and without switchgrass. Metolachlor degradation in a laboratory was determined in sediment from Bojac sandy loam soil incubated at 24degreesC. The study also was conducted in a greenhouse on tilted beds filled with Bojac soil and planted with switchgrass. In both experiments, samples were collected at days 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 112 and analyzed for metolachlor and its major metabolites. The water-sediment oxidation-reduction potential took 28 d to reach -371 mV and the pH increased from 5.6 to 6.5 by the last sampling day (day 112). The average soil temperature of the tilted beds with or without switchgrass during the study was 21degreesC and the soil moisture content was 23% by volume. The t(1/2) of nietolachlor was 34 d in sediment and 8 d in the water phase. The t(1/2) of metolachlor in soil from the switchgrass filter strip (6 d) was not different from that in soil without grass (9.6 d). The metolachlor metabolites ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OA) were detected in the water-sediment system and in soil from tilted beds. In both sediment and soil from tilted beds, the two metabolites peaked by day 56 of incubation and declined after that, indicating transformation to other products. In the water-sediment system, greater quantities of OA and ESA were detected in sediment than in the aqueous phase. The production of OA and ESA in the water-sediment system occurred in the first 28 d, when the system was at an aerobic redox state. Metolachlor can degrade in sediment and the relatively high soil temperature and moisture level accelerated its breakdown in beds with and without switchgrass. Under warm and moist soil conditions, the presence of switchgrass has no effect on the degradation of metolachlor. C1 Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Syngenta Crop Protect, Greensboro, NC 27419 USA. RP Mersie, W (reprint author), Virginia State Univ, POB 9061, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. EM wmersie@vsu.edu NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2627 EP 2632 DI 10.1897/04-60 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 862UP UT WOS:000224517000014 PM 15559277 ER PT J AU Preisler, HK Ager, AA Johnson, BK Kie, JG AF Preisler, HK Ager, AA Johnson, BK Kie, JG TI Modeling animal movements using stochastic differential equations SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE cervus elaphus; diffusion process; potential functions; random vector field; splines; telemetry data ID CORRELATED RANDOM-WALK; TELEMETRY DATA; HOME-RANGE; MULE DEER; SYSTEM; SPACE; SELECTION; MOTION; ELK AB We describe the use of bivariate stochastic differential equations (SDE) for modeling movements of 216 radio-collared female Rocky Mountain elk at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeastern Oregon. Spatially and temporally explicit vector fields were estimated using approximating difference equation: and nonparametric regression techniques. Estimated vector fields of movement were mapped onto the project area at selected times of the day to examine spatial Patterns of movement in relation to topography. Using the concept of a potential function. we were able to study the influence of roads and grassland foraging area: on elk movements. Doing so we identified broad spatial patterns of elk movements and showed the time dependent effect: of habitat features within the habitat mosaic at Starkey. Our analyses quantify the cycle: of movements in spring and summer in terms of attraction or repulsion to specific habitat features. and illustrate the magnitude. timing and direction of these movements. An extensive list of references is included. Published in 2004 by John Wiles Sons. Lid. C1 US Forest Serv, SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Preisler, HK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, SW Res Stn, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM hpreisler@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD NOV PY 2004 VL 15 IS 7 BP 643 EP 657 DI 10.1002/env.636 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 879IW UT WOS:000225711200001 ER PT J AU Laufer, EM Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Gunter, EW Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Clevidence, BA Brown, ED Albanes, D Judd, JT Taylor, PR AF Laufer, EM Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Gunter, EW Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Clevidence, BA Brown, ED Albanes, D Judd, JT Taylor, PR TI Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on folate and vitamin B-12 status in postmenopausal women SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alcohol; folate; vitamin B-12; homocysteine; methylmalonic acid; postmenopausal women ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; METHYLMALONIC ACID; NUTRIENT INTAKE; BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; PLASMA; DEFICIENCY; SERUM AB Background: Although alcohol intake has been positively associated with breast cancer risk in epidemiologic studies, a causal relationship has not been established, and the mechanisms mediating this association are speculative. Alcohol may act through altered status of folate and vitamin B-12, two vitamins required for DNA methylation and nucleotide synthesis, and thus cell integrity. Although the effects of heavy alcohol intake on folate and vitamin B-12 status have been well-documented, few studies have addressed the effects of moderate alcohol intake in a controlled setting. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of moderate alcohol intake on folate and vitamin B-12 status in healthy, well-nourished, postmenopausal women. Design: The study design was a randomized, diet-controlled crossover intervention. Postmenopausal women (n=53) received three 8-week alcohol treatments in random order: 0, 15, and 30 g/day. Treatment periods were preceded by 2-5-week washout periods. Blood collected at baseline and week 8 of each treatment period was analyzed for serum folate, vitamin B-12, homocysteine (HCY), and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations. Results: After adjusting for body mass index (BMI), a significant 5% decrease was observed in mean serum vitamin B-12 concentrations from 0 to 30 g of alcohol/day (461.45+/-30.26 vs 440.25+/-30.24 pg/ml; P=0.03). Mean serum HCY concentrations tended to increase by 3% from 0 to 30 g of alcohol/day (9.44+/-0.37 vs 9.73+/-0.37 mumol/l; P=0.05). Alcohol intake had no significant effects on serum folate or MMA concentrations. Conclusions: Among healthy, well-nourished, postmenopausal women, moderate alcohol intake may diminish vitamin B-12 status. Sponsorship: NCI, NIH and ARS, USDA. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hartman, TJ (reprint author), 5 Henderson Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tjh9@psu.edu RI Albanes, Demetrius/B-9749-2015 NR 61 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1518 EP 1524 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602002 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 865HV UT WOS:000224694200010 PM 15138463 ER PT J AU Davis, CD Uthus, EO AF Davis, CD Uthus, EO TI DNA methylation, cancer susceptibility, and nutrient interactions SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE DNA methylation; cancer; folate; selenium; epigenetics ID MODERATE FOLATE-DEPLETION; ACID-DEFINED DIETS; COLON-CANCER; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; RAT-LIVER; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; NETHERLANDS COHORT; GENE-EXPRESSION; BREAST-CANCER AB DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism of transcriptional control. DNA methylation plays an essential role in maintaining cellular function, and changes in methylation patterns may contribute to the development of cancer. Aberrant methylation of DNA (global hypomethylation accompanied by region-specific hypermethylation) is frequently found in tumor cells. Global hypomethylation can result in chromosome instability, and hypermethylation has been associated with the inaction of tumor suppressor genes. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that part of the cancer-protective effects associated with several bioactive food components may relate to DNA methylation patterns. Dietary factors that are involved in one-carbon metabolism provide the most compelling data for the interaction of nutrients and DNA methylation because they influence the supply of methyl groups, and therefore the biochemical pathways of methylation processes. These nutrients include folate, vitamin B(12), vitamin B(6), methionine, and choline. However, looking at individual nutrients may be too simplistic. Dietary methyl (folate, choline, and methionine) deficiency in combination causes decreased tissue S-adenosylmethionine, global DNA hypomethylation, hepatic steatosis, cirrhosis, and ultimately hepatic tumorigenesis in rodents in the absence of carcinogen treatment. Other dietary components such as vitamin B(12), alcohol, and selenium may modify the response to inadequate dietary folate. C1 NCI, Nutrit Sci Res Grp, Div Canc Prevent, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Davis, CD (reprint author), NCI, Nutrit Sci Res Grp, Div Canc Prevent, NIH, 6130 Exeuct Blvd,Suite 3159, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM davisci@mail.nih.gov NR 75 TC 219 Z9 233 U1 0 U2 21 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 229 IS 10 BP 988 EP 995 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 866SJ UT WOS:000224793100002 PM 15522834 ER PT J AU Hamada, K Vannier, E Sacheck, JM Witsell, AL Roubenoff, R AF Hamada, K Vannier, E Sacheck, JM Witsell, AL Roubenoff, R TI Senescence of human skeletal muscle impairs the local inflammatory cytokine response to acute eccentric exercise SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aging; real-time PCR; sarcopenia ID TRANSFORMING-GROWTH-FACTOR; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; TNF-ALPHA; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; KAPPA-B; MYOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSGENIC MICE; ELDERLY HUMANS; FACTOR-BETA AB The impact of aging on the cytokine response of human skeletal muscle to exercise-induced injury remains poorly understood. We enrolled physically active, young (23-35 years old, n = 15) and old (66-78 years old, n = 15) men to perform 45 min of downhill running (16% descent) at 75% VO2max. Biopsies of vastus lateralis were obtained 24 h before and 72 h after acute eccentric exercise. Transcripts for inflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TGF-beta(1)) were quantified by real-time PCR. Before exercise, cytokine transcripts did not differ with age. At old age, exercise induced a blunted accumulation of transcripts encoding the panleukocyte surface marker CD18 (young: 10.1-fold increase, P < 0.005; old: 4.7-fold increase, P = 0.02; young vs. old: P < 0.05). In both age groups, CD18 transcript accumulation strongly correlated with TNF-alpha (young, r = 0.87, P < 0.001; old, r = 0.72, P = 0.002) and TGF-beta(1) transcript accumulation (young, r = 0.80, P < 0.001; old, r = 0.64, P = 0.008). At old age, there was no correlation between IL-1beta and CD18 transcript accumulation. Furthermore, exercise induced IL-6 transcript accumulation in young (3.6-fold, P = 0.057) but not in old men. Our results suggest that aging impairs the adaptive response of human skeletal muscle to eccentric exercise by differential modulation of a discrete set of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Saga Nutraceut Res Inst, Saga 8420195, Japan. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Vannier, E (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM evannier@tufts-nemc.org NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 18 IS 14 BP 264 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.03-1286fje PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 876FO UT WOS:000225482100007 ER PT J AU Plotto, A Margaria, CA Goodner, KL Goodrich, R Baldwin, EA AF Plotto, A Margaria, CA Goodner, KL Goodrich, R Baldwin, EA TI Odour and flavor thresholds for key aroma components in an orange juice matrix: terpenes and aldehydes SO FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Flavor Perception Symposium held at the 226th Annual Meeting American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 09-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc DE sensory; orange juice; aroma; flavour; thresholds; aldehydes; terpenes ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL; HEADSPACE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHARACTER IMPACT ODORANTS; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS; FRESH; TOMATO; WATER; OIL; MIXTURES AB Thresholds for flavour volatiles have been traditionally calculated in water or air, but they may vary widely in more complex matrices. Thresholds of key aroma compounds of orange juice (OJ) were determined in a deodorized OJ matrix. The three-alternative-forced-choice (3-AFC) method was used (ASTM: E-679). Untrained panelists, 33-58 in number, were presented with deodorized orange juice samples arranged in five rows of three samples, corresponding to five spiking levels, each separated by a factor of 3, with a 3-AFC presentation at each level. The test was repeated at least three times for experienced panelists. Odour thresholds in the orange juice matrix were 15 times (citral, hexanal) to over 200 times (P-pinene, limonene) higher than published values in water. Retronasal odour thresholds were more consistent with published values, being higher only by 2-60-fold, except for octanal which was higher by 187-fold. These results will provide the industry C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. US Distilled Prod, Princeton, MN 55371 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM plotto@citrus.usda.gov NR 55 TC 71 Z9 81 U1 6 U2 41 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0882-5734 J9 FLAVOUR FRAG J JI Flavour Frag. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1002/ffj.1470 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 871XU UT WOS:000225170700005 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH AF Sommers, CH TI Food irradiation is already here SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM csommers@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 58 IS 11 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 872BH UT WOS:000225180300006 ER PT J AU Winandy, JE Barnes, HM Falk, RH AF Winandy, JE Barnes, HM Falk, RH TI Summer temperatures of roof assemblies using western redcedar, wood-thermoplastic composite, or fiberglass shingles SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB For over 10 years, the Forest Products Laboratory has been monitoring the temperature histories of roof sheathing, roof rafters, and unventilated attics in outdoor attic structures that simulate typical light-framed construction. This report briefly summarizes findings from the roof temperature assessment project on black and white fiberglass shingles conducted from 1991 to 2001. Temperature histories are then presented for roof assemblies made with western redcedar (WRC), wood-thermoplastic composite (WTPC), and black and white fiberglass shingles and exposed in Madison, Wisconsin, from July 15 to September 15,2002. The maximum temperatures recorded for the shingles during this period were 68.2degreesC for black fiberglass shingles, 59.1degreesC for white fiberglass shingles, 47.1degreesC for WRC shingles, and 48.7degreesC and 46.9degreesC for WTPC shingles with and without lathe, respectively. The black fiberglass shingles were almost 10degreesC hotter than the white fiberglass shingles and almost 20degreesC hotter than the WRC or WTPC shingles. Temperatures of the sheathing under the WTPC and WRC shingles were virtually identical and generally much cooler than temperatures of the sheathing under the fiberglass shingles. The sheathing under WTPC shingles applied on lathe was noticeably cooler than the sheathing under WTPC shingles installed directly on felt. The results of this study have implications for the effect of shingle type on the service life of roofing materials and the wood components of light-framed construction. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 54 IS 11 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 871ON UT WOS:000225143100002 ER PT J AU Wagner, JE Smalley, B Luppold, W AF Wagner, JE Smalley, B Luppold, W TI Factors affecting the merchandising of hardwood logs in the southern tier of New York SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STUMPAGE; LUMBER AB In many areas of the eastern United States, hardwood boles are sawn into logs and then separated by product before proceeding to future processing. This type of product merchandising is facilitated by large differences in the relative value of hardwood logs of different species and grades. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the distribution, consumption, and merchandising of hardwood logs. The study area was New York's southern tier, a region with relatively high timber quality and with domestic and international customers. The study examined 16 hardwood sawmills with annual production ranging from 1 million to over 20 million board feet per year. While the most important factors considered by these firms when purchasing stumpage are grade and species, transportation distance was also listed as important, but there was no correlation between mill size and procurement distance. In addition, all mills that purchased stumpage shipped their grade 2 and better logs to the mill or yard and then sold either all or part of the veneer and export grade sawlogs from the mill. Eleven mills used a large variety of species and all but one of these mills listed stumpage as their main source of logs. The five mills with specific species requirements had a propensity to purchase gate logs. If grade 3 and below grade logs were shipped to the mill, a large percentage were either resold (as pulpwood, pallet logs, or firewood) or utilized; the remaining were disposed of. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Timber Prod Inspect Inc, Pallet Program, Conyers, GA 30012 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Wagner, JE (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 304 Bray Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 54 IS 11 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 871ON UT WOS:000225143100013 ER PT J AU Landres, P AF Landres, P TI Managing the wild: should stewards be pilots? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold WIlderness Res Inst, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. RP Landres, P (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold WIlderness Res Inst, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 2 IS 9 BP 498 EP 499 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 868LB UT WOS:000224914000021 ER PT J AU Garbelotto, M Gonthier, P Linzer, R Nicolotti, G Otrosina, W AF Garbelotto, M Gonthier, P Linzer, R Nicolotti, G Otrosina, W TI A shift in nuclear state as the result of natural interspecific hybridization between two North American taxa of the basidiomycete complex Heterobasidion SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERSTERILITY GROUPS; ANNOSUM; REASSORTMENT; DISPERSAL; CENTERS; MYCELIA; SPREAD; GENES; DNA AB A natural first generation hybrid fungus shows interspecific heterozygosity. The nuclear condition of a rare natural hybrid between two taxa of the Heterobasidion complex is investigated. Heterobasidion species are known to be either homokaryotic (haploid) or heterokaryotic (n + n), but heterokaryons are made up of both homokaryotic and heterokaryotic sectors. The natural hybrid appears to be either a heterokaryon undergoing a primary homothallic phase or a diploid with limited ability to exchange nuclei when mated with homokaryons. The natural hybrid is stable and long lived, suggesting hybridization may play an important role in the evolutionary history of this fungal complex. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci, Policy & Management Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Turin, Dept Exploitat & Protect Agr & Forestry Resources, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy. USDA, Forest Serv, Tree Root Biol Team, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Garbelotto, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci, Policy & Management Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM matteo@nature.berkeley.edu NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1046 EP 1051 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2004.08.003 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 886WL UT WOS:000226263600008 PM 15465393 ER PT J AU Caetano, AR Johnson, RY Ford, JJ Pomp, D AF Caetano, AR Johnson, RY Ford, JJ Pomp, D TI Microarray profiling for differential gene expression in ovaries and ovarian follicles of pigs selected for increased ovulation rate SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LITTER SIZE; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; HORMONAL-REGULATION; MESSENGER-RNA; DISPLAY PCR; SWINE; REPRODUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; RESPONSES; PITUITARY AB A unique index line of pigs created by long-term selection ovulates on average 6.7 more ova than its randomly selected control line. Expression profiling experiments were conducted to identify differentially expressed genes in ovarian tissues of the index and control lines during days 2-6 of the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. Fluorescently labeled cDNAs derived from ovary and follicle RNA were cohybridized on microarray slides (n = 90) containing 4608 follicle-derived probes printed in duplicate. Statistical analysis of the resulting similar to1.6 million data points with a mixed-model approach identified 88 and 74 unique probes, representing 71 and 59 unique genes, which are differentially expressed between lines in the ovary and ovarian follicles of different size classes, respectively. These findings indicate that long-term selection for components of litter size has caused significant changes in physiological control of the dynamics of follicular maturation. Genes involved with steroid synthesis, tissue remodeling, and apoptosis, in addition to several genes not previously associated with ovarian physiology or with unknown function, were found to be differentially expressed between lines. This study reveals many potential avenues of investigation for seeking new insights into ovarian physiology and the quantitative genetic control of reproduction. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Pomp, D (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dpomp@unl.edu RI Rodrigues Caetano, Alexandre/B-5227-2017 OI Rodrigues Caetano, Alexandre/0000-0002-3419-7337 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2004 VL 168 IS 3 BP 1529 EP 1537 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.029595 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 880CU UT WOS:000225767400034 PM 15579704 ER PT J AU Williamson, TN Graham, RC Shouse, PJ AF Williamson, TN Graham, RC Shouse, PJ TI Effects of a chaparral-to-grass conversion on soil physical and hydrologic properties after four decades SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE A-horizons; Ehrharta calycina; pedogenesis; water content; surface cover; wetting front ID SCALE; FIRE AB Forty years after conversion from chaparral to perennial veldt grass in the San Dimas Experimental Forest, we compared land surface and soil properties between areas of the two vegetation types. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of this vegetation conversion on the soil physical properties likely to impact zero-order watershed hydrology. In three watersheds of each vegetation type, surface cover and soils were described within five watershed elements. Surface cover is approximately 90% in both vegetation types, but the frequency of individual plants is significantly higher in converted watersheds, leading to significantly lower variability in surface cover between grass watersheds. In chaparral watersheds, very fine to very coarse roots extend laterally and downwards in all directions. Only very fine roots emanate from grass, forming a dense fibrous mass that is concentrated below individual plants. In areas converted to grass vegetation, A-horizon bulk density is significantly higher due to the development of transitional AB-horizons that are absent from chaparral areas. Vertical changes between the surface soil and subsoil are more gradual under grass than under chaparral. The significantly higher frequency of grass plants caused concurrent transformation of much of the converted areas, removing the layered effect that is observed in the chaparral soils and allowing spatially homogeneous infiltration, distribution and storage of soil water. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pacific, Dept Geosci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Williamson, TN (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Dept Geosci, 3601 Pacific Ave, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. EM twilliamson@pacific.edu NR 69 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV PY 2004 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.029 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 867ZO UT WOS:000224881800007 ER PT J AU Minocha, R Minocha, SC Long, S AF Minocha, R Minocha, SC Long, S TI Polyamines and their biosynthetic enzymes during somatic embryo development in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE arginine decarboxylase; ornithine decarboxylase; polyamines; red spruce; S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; somatic embryos ID PANAX-GINSENG; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; CELLULAR POLYAMINES; STORAGE PROTEINS; INORGANIC-IONS; EMBRYOGENESIS; METABOLISM; CARROT; ABIES; EXPRESSION AB The major objective of this study was to determine if the observed changes in polyamines and their biosynthetic enzymes during somatic embryo development were specifically related to either the stage of the embryo development or to the duration of time spent on the maturation medium. Somatic embryos of red spruce (Picea rubens) at different developmental stages, grown in the embryo development and maturation media for various lengths of time, were separated from the associated subtending tissue (embryogenic and the suspensor cell masses) and analyzed for their polyamine content as well as for polyamine biosynthetic enzyme activities. Polyamine content was also analyzed in embryos representing different stages of development that were collected from the same culture plate at the same time and the subtending tissue surrounding them. Putrescine was the predominant polyamine in the pro-embryogenic tissue, while spermidine was predominant during embryo development. Significant changes in spermidine/putrescine and spermine/putrescine ratios were observed at all stages of embryo development as compared to the pro-embryogenic cell mass. Changes in the ratios of various polyamines were clearly correlated with the developmental stage of the embryo rather than the period of growth in the maturation medium. Whereas the activities of both ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase increased by week 3 or 4 and stayed high during the subsequent 6 wk of growth, the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase steadily declined during embryo development. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NERS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Minocha, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NERS, POB 640,271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM rminocha@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 6 BP 572 EP 580 DI 10.1079/IVP2004569 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 887HO UT WOS:000226296700005 ER PT J AU Barrow, JR Osuna-Avila, P Reyes-Vera, I AF Barrow, JR Osuna-Avila, P Reyes-Vera, I TI Fungal endophytes intrinsically associated with micropropagated plants regenerated from native Bouteloua eriopoda torr. and Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE arid; biofilms; drought; mycorrhizae; symbiosis ID PINUS-SYLVESTRIS L.; DARK SEPTATE FUNGI; FOURWING SALTBUSH; SOUTHWESTERN USA; ROOT ENDOPHYTES; GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY; RANGELANDS; EVOLUTION; INFECTION AB Black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) and fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) are important grass and shrub species in arid rangelands of the northern Chihuahuan Desert. They are naturally colonized by dark septate endophytic fungi that cannot be eliminated by seed disinfestation. Plants were regenerated from both species and appeared to be fungus-free in axenic cultures. Analysis of callus and regenerated plants of both species using dual staining with light and scanning electron microscopy revealed fungal endophytes intrinsically associated with cells, roots and leaves of regenerated plants that are also associated with native plants. Fungal layers and biofilms prevent direct exposure of callus, root or leaf tissues to the external environment. Micropropagation is a valuable tool for identifying key fungal endophytes that enhance drought tolerance in native desert plants. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Barrow, JR (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jbarrow@nmsu.edu NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 10 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 6 BP 608 EP 612 DI 10.1079/IVP2004584 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 887HO UT WOS:000226296700011 ER PT J AU Kim, S Sessa, DJ Lawton, JW AF Kim, S Sessa, DJ Lawton, JW TI Characterization of zein modified with a mild cross-linking agent SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE zein; cross-linking; aggregation ID FILMS; CORN; PROTEIN AB Zein, a predominant corn protein, is an alcohol-soluble protein extracted from corn and is an excellent film former. The characteristic brittleness of zein diminishes its usefulness as a film. It is well known that zein has a propensity for forming aggregates in solution. When zein molecules were cross-linked with 1-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]-3-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), it was found that the film-forming property was improved and the aggregation phenomenon in solution was suppressed. At the air/water interface, native zein forms brittle film with rough surface, whereas cross-linked zein forms rigid film with very smooth and even surface. Tensile strengths of the films were shown to be greatly increased by cross-linking. Objectives of this study are to determine the cross-linking mechanism of zein, the optimum reaction conditions, characteristics of the reaction product, and mechanical properties of cross-linked zein film. Through viscosity and dynamic light scattering, the cross-linking reaction was monitored. Optimum amount of EDC and NHS was determined to be 30 mg each per gram of zein. The cross-linking of zein with EDC and NHS seemed to be self-terminating because the cross-linking reaction did not proceed to precipitation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kims@ncaur.usda.gov NR 14 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.013 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 864VO UT WOS:000224661300003 ER PT J AU Winter, KRK Stoffregen, WC Dean-Nystrom, EA AF Winter, KRK Stoffregen, WC Dean-Nystrom, EA TI Shiga toxin binding to isolated porcine tissues and peripheral blood leukocytes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI 0157-H7; GNOTOBIOTIC PIGLETS; EDEMA DISEASE; HUMAN MONOCYTES; PIGS; INDUCTION; RECEPTORS; O157-H7 AB Shiga toxin (Stx) binding sites in porcine tissues and leukocytes were identified by the use of Stx overlay and anti-CD77/Gb3 immunoassays. Stx1 and Stx2 bound to similar tissue locations and leukocytes, although some differences were noted. Previously unreported Stx binding sites were identified in kidney tubules, intestinal lymphoid aggregates, sinusoidal liver cells, alveolar macrophages, and peripheral blood leukocytes. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Units, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enteric Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Dean-Nystrom, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Units, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM enystrom@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 72 IS 11 BP 6680 EP 6684 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.11.6680-6684.2004 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 864WS UT WOS:000224664300060 PM 15501802 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Snodgrass, GL Chen, MS AF Zhu, YC Snodgrass, GL Chen, MS TI Enhanced esterase gene expression and activity in a malathion-resistant strain of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malathion; resistance; cDNA; mRNA; expression; esterase; inhibitor; tarnished plant bug; Lygus lineolaris ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; HESPERUS KNIGHT HEMIPTERA; MYZUS-PERSICAE SULZER; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS F; IN-FIELD POPULATIONS; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; LUCILIA-CUPRINA; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; MIRIDAE; CARBOXYLESTERASE AB Extensive use of insecticides on cotton in the mid-South has prompted resistance development in the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). A field population of tarnished plant bugs in Mississippi with 11-fold higher resistance to malathion was used to examine how gene regulation conferred resistance to this organophosphate insecticide. In laboratory bioassays, synergism by the esterase inhibitors S,S,S,-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF) and triphenylphosphate (TPP) effectively abolished resistance and increased malathion toxicity by more than 80%. Esterase activities were compared in vitro between malathion susceptible and resistant (selected) strains. More than 6-, 3- and 10-fold higher activities were obtained with the resistant strain using alpha-naphthyl acetate, beta-naphthyl acetate, and p-nitrophenyl acetate, respectively. Up to 95% and 89% of the esterase activity in the susceptible and resistant strains, respectively, was inhibited by 1 mM DEF. Inhibition of esterase activity up to 75% and 85% in the susceptible and resistant strains, respectively, was obtained with 0.03 mM TPP. Esterase activities in field populations increased by up to 5.4-fold during the fall season. The increase was synchronized with movement of the insect into cotton where exposure to pesticides occurred. Esterase cDNA was cloned and sequenced from both malathion susceptible and resistant strains. The 1818-nucleotide cDNA contained a 1710-bp open reading frame coding a 570 amino acid protein which was similar to many insect esterases conferring organophosphate resistance. No amino acid substitution was observed between susceptible and resistant strains, indicating that esterase gene mutation was not involved in resistance development in the resistant strain in Mississippi. Further examination of esterase gene expression levels using quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the resistant strain had a 5.1-fold higher level of esterase mRNA than the susceptible strain. The results of this study indicated that up-regulation of the esterase gene appeared to be related to the development of resistance in the tarnished plant bug. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yczhu@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 40 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1175 EP 1186 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.07.008 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 872LR UT WOS:000225209200004 PM 15522613 ER PT J AU Hurrell, RF Lynch, S Bothwell, T Cori, H Glahn, R Hertrampf, E Kratky, Z Miller, D Rodenstein, M Streekstra, H Teucher, B Turner, E Yeung, CK Zimmermann, MB AF Hurrell, RF Lynch, S Bothwell, T Cori, H Glahn, R Hertrampf, E Kratky, Z Miller, D Rodenstein, M Streekstra, H Teucher, B Turner, E Yeung, CK Zimmermann, MB TI Enhancing the absorption of fortification iron - A SUSTAIN Task Force report SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Sustain Workshop on Innovative Ingredient Technologies to Enhance Iron Absorption CY MAR 09-12, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE iron fortification; ascorbic acid; EDTA; amino acid chelates; phytate degradation; encapsulation ID BIS-GLYCINE CHELATE; CEREAL-BASED FOODS; ASCORBIC-ACID; DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; PHYTIC ACID; FISH-SAUCE; ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS; INVITRO DIGESTIBILITY; FERROUS BISGLYCINATE; RABADI FERMENTATION AB Iron deficiency remains a major global health problem affecting an estimated 2 billion people [1]. The World Health Organization ranked it as the seventh most important preventable risk for disease, disability, and death in 2002 [2]. Since an important factor in its causation is the poor bioavailability of iron in the cereal-based diets of many developing countries, SUSTAIN set up a Task Force, consisting of nutritional, medical, industry, and government experts to consider strategies for enhancing the absorption of fortification iron. This paper summarizes the findings of this Task Force. Detailed reviews of each strategy follow this overview. Highly soluble compounds of iron like ferrous sulfate are desirable food fortificants but cannot be used in many food vehicles because of sensory issues. Thus, potentially less well-absorbed forms of iron commonly are used in food fortification. The bioavailability of iron fortificants can, however, be enhanced with innovative ingredient technologies. Ascorbic acid, NaFeEDTA, ferrous bisglycinate, and dephytinization all enhance the absorption of fortification iron, but add to the overall costs of fortification. While all strategies cannot be recommended for all food fortification vehicles, individual strategies can be recommended for specific foods. For example, the addition of ascorbic acid is appropriate for dry blended foods such as infant foods and other dry products made for reconstitution that are packaged, stored, and prepared in a way that maximizes retention of this vitamin. NaFeEDTA can be recommended for fortification of fish sauce and soy sauce, whereas amino acid chelates may be more useful in milk products and beverages. With further development, dephytinization may be possible for low-cost, cereal-based complementary foods in developing countries. Encapsulation of iron salts in lipid coatings, while not an iron absorption-enhancing strategy per se, can prevent soluble forms of iron from interacting undesirably with some food vehicles and hence broaden the application of some fortificants. Research relevant to each of these strategies for enhancing the bioavailability or utility of iron food fortificants is reviewed. Individual strategies are evaluated in terms of enhancing effect and stability, organoleptic qualities, cost, and regulatory issues of interest to the nutrition community, industry, and consumers. Recommendations are made on potential usages and further research needs. Effective fortification depends on the selection of technically feasible and efficacious strategies. Once suitable strategies have been identified, cost becomes very important in selecting the best approach to implement. However it is essential to calculate cost in relation to the amount of bioavailable iron delivered. An approach to the calculation of cost using a conservative estimate of the enhancing effects of the innovative technologies discussed in the supplement is given in the final section. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Human Nutr Lab, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Med, ZA-2001 Johannesburg, South Africa. DSM Nutr Prod, Santiago, Chile. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Santiago, Chile. Nestle Res Ctr, New Milford, CT USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. DSM Food Specialties, Delft, Netherlands. Norwich Lab, Inst Food Res, Norwich, Norfolk, England. SUSTAIN, Washington, DC USA. RP Hurrell, RF (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Human Nutr Lab, POB 747, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. EM richard.hurrell@ilw.agrl.ethz.ch RI Teucher, Birgit/J-6380-2015; Zimmermann, Michael/C-3062-2016 NR 100 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 23 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 74 IS 6 BP 387 EP 401 DI 10.1024/0300-9831.74.6.387 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 899UQ UT WOS:000227171400002 PM 15743016 ER PT J AU Trout, DL Hallfrisch, J Behall, KM AF Trout, DL Hallfrisch, J Behall, KM TI Atypically high insulin responses to some foods relate to sugars and satiety SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CEPHALIC-PHASE RESPONSES; GLYCEMIC-INDEX; CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; DIETARY FIBER; COMMON FOODS; GLUCOSE; LOAD; RISK; WOMEN AB Much research has focused on how the glycemic index (GI) of the diets of healthy people relates to long-term risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, and non-insulin dependent diabetes. Low-GI diets appear to produce some of their beneficial effects largely by moderating insulinemic responses to meals. Wolever and Bolognesi ( 1996) have derived a formula for predicting the insulinemic index (II) from the GI for starchy foods. Using data from Holt et al. ( 1995, 1997) on a wide variety of common foods, we have examined differences between the observed II and GI-based estimates of the II. These differences were found to correlate negatively with satiety index ratings and positively with contents of total sugars. We suggest that the aforementioned method of measuring and expressing the relation between the GI and the II may prove useful in exploring how various components and sensory properties of food may affect hunger and energy intake. C1 ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Behall, KM (reprint author), ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0963-7486 J9 INT J FOOD SCI NUTR JI Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 55 IS 7 BP 577 EP 588 DI 10.1080/09637480400029308 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 920XO UT WOS:000228729000007 PM 16019302 ER PT J AU Robinson, JM Sicher, RC AF Robinson, JM Sicher, RC TI Antioxidant levels decrease in primary leaves of barley during growth at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide levels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ascorbic acid; dehydroascorbate; ascorbate-dehydroascorbate redox status; glutathione; elevated CO2; photosynthesis; Rubisco; senescence ID ASCORBATE-DEHYDROASCORBATE LEVEL; CO2 CONCENTRATION; REDOX STATUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PLANTS; OZONE; ACID; METABOLISM; FIELD; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Previous studies revealed that the primary leaves of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Brant) that were grown in high-light growth chambers in elevated CO2 ( 100 Pa) developed symptoms of senescence earlier than primary leaves of barley plants concurrently grown in ambient CO2 ( 36 Pa). The onset of senescence in these leaves was hypothesized to be associated with a decline in antioxidant capacity that resulted in higher levels of active oxygen species, which caused oxidative stress. In this new study, barley was grown from planting in high-light growth chambers supplied with either ambient CO2 ( 36 Pa) or elevated CO2 (100 Pa). From 9 to 17 d after planting ( DAP), primary leaf chlorophyll level as well as photosynthetic oxygen evolution per unit fresh mass decreased in plants in elevated CO2 to a greater extent than in plants in ambient CO2. Exposure of plants to elevated CO2 resulted in higher levels of primary leaf - free glucose, sucrose, and starch than in plants concurrently exposed to ambient CO2; this was most evident during 9 - 13 DAP. However, between 13 and 17 DAP, levels of foliar carbohydrates decreased to a greater extent in elevated CO2 than in ambient CO2, indicating that photosynthetic carbon metabolism was more repressed in this period in elevated CO2 treatments. In ambient CO2 over the period of 9 - 17 DAP, primary leaf total ascorbic acid (ASCtot) and total glutathione (GSHtot) levels decreased 38% and 51%, respectively. In elevated CO2 over this same time period, ASCtot and GSHtot decreased 45% and 63%, respectively. Since ASCtot and GSHtot are antioxidants involved in protecting the chloroplast from damage by active oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide, we conclude that the decrease in ASCtot and GSHtot were factors in elevated CO2- induced photosynthetic decline in barley primary leaves. Further, we interpret the greater decrease in ASCtot in elevated CO2 to be caused by a greater decrease in photosynthate partitioning and photosynthate availability, which supports ASC synthesis. We also suggest that decrease in glutathione in elevated CO2 may be related to an inhibition by elevated CO2 of photorespiratory carbon metabolism. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Environm Qual Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Robinson, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robinsjm@ba.ars.usda.gov; sicherr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 165 IS 6 BP 965 EP 972 DI 10.1086/423867 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 886RI UT WOS:000226245600005 ER PT J AU Noguchi, H Uchino, M Shida, O Takano, K Nakamura, LK Komagata, K AF Noguchi, H Uchino, M Shida, O Takano, K Nakamura, LK Komagata, K TI Bacillus vietnamensis sp nov., a moderately halotolerant, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from Vietnamese fish sauce SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERMENTED FISH; STRAINS; MICROFLORA; TAXONOMY AB Five strains of Gram-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halotolerant bacteria were studied taxonomically. Four were isolated from Vietnamese fish sauce and one from the Gulf of Mexico. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these strains clustered within the radiation of the genus Bacillus but separately from recognized Bacillus species. DNA G+C composition of the isolates ranged from 43 to 44 mol%. Strains 15-1(T) and NRRL B-14850 showed high levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (82-100 %) to each other and to the other strains isolated here; they displayed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (< 29 %) to the type strains of selected recognized Bacillus species. They grew in 15 % NaCl and optimally in 1% NaCl, which is characteristic of moderately halotolerant bacteria. The isolates grew at pH 6(.)5 to 10(.)0 but not at pH 6(.)0. Their cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the principal cellular fatty acids were anteiSO-C-15: 0, iso-C-15: 0 and anteiSO-C-17:0. Based on these results, the strains tested were regarded as members of a novel Bacillus species for which the name Bacillus vietnamensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 15-1(T) (= JCM 11124(T) = NRIC 0531(T) =NRRL 23890(T)). C1 Tokyo Univ Agr, Fac Appl Biosci, Dept Appl Biol & Chem, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1568502, Japan. Higeta Shoyu Co Ltd, Dept Res & Dev, Choshi, Chiba 2888680, Japan. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Uchino, M (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Agr, Fac Appl Biosci, Dept Appl Biol & Chem, Setagaya Ku, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Tokyo 1568502, Japan. EM muchino@nodai.ac.jp NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 54 BP 2117 EP 2120 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02895-0 PN 6 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 874QX UT WOS:000225366000037 PM 15545444 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP Kroppenstedt, RM AF Labeda, DP Kroppenstedt, RM TI Emended description of the genus Glycomyces and description of Glycomyces algeriensis sp nov., Glycomyces arizonensis sp nov and Glycomyces lechevalierae sp nov. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; SACCHAROTHRIX; NOCARDIA; RATES AB A polyphasic taxonomic evaluation of presumptive strains representative of the genus Glycomyces held within the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection resulted in the discovery of three novel species. Analysis of the whole cell sugar content of these novel species, as well as of two species presently assigned to the genus, revealed that the whole cell sugar pattern was different from that reported in the formal description of the genus Glycomyces. The sugars present in all strains studied included ribose, xylose, mannose and galactose rather than xylose and arabinose as reported in the original description of the genus. Moreover, the menaquinone patterns observed for the novel species also deviated from the original genus description. The formal description of the genus Glycomyces is emended to reflect these new data. The novel species proposed and described are Glycomyces algeriensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL B-16327(T) = DSM 44727(T)), Glycomyces arizonensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL B-16153(T) = DSM 44726 T) and Glycomyces lechevalierae sp. nov. (type strain NRRL B-16149(T) = DSM 44724 T). C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. DSMZ, German Collect Microorganisms & Cell Struct, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM labedadp@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 54 BP 2343 EP 2346 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63089-0 PN 6 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 874QX UT WOS:000225366000074 PM 15545481 ER PT J AU Collins, AM AF Collins, AM TI Sources of variation in the viability of honey bee, Apis mellifera L., semen collected for artificial insemination SO INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE spermatozoa; honey bee; Apis mellifera; viability; dual fluorescent staining ID QUEEN BEES; SPERMATOZOA; HYMENOPTERA; QUALITY; SUCCESS; SPERM AB Viability of spermatozoa in honey bee semen from individual drones was highly variable, based on an assay using dual fluorescent staining. Temperature, physical manipulation and the saline used during artificial insemination were evaluated for their impact on sperm viability. Temperature of the assay buffer in which semen was collected had much less effect on viability than the way in which the semen was collected. Washing semen into the buffer did less harm than sucking it up into a syringe. The highest viability levels were seen when semen was collected directly from seminal vesicles. Given that obtaining semen from the seminal vesicles is difficult, collection of semen with the highest viability is best done by washing semen directly from an ejaculated drone into a buffer, rather than using a syringe. The sodium chloride/antibiotic solution used for prophylactic purposes during artificial insemination improved sperm viability slightly. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Collins, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM collinsa@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0168-8170 J9 INVERTEBR REPROD DEV JI Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 45 IS 3 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1080/07924259.2004.9652594 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 881WO UT WOS:000225900300007 ER PT J AU Nutter, FB Dubey, JP Levine, JF Breitschwerdt, EB Ford, RB Stoskopf, MK AF Nutter, FB Dubey, JP Levine, JF Breitschwerdt, EB Ford, RB Stoskopf, MK TI Seroprevalences of antibodies against Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii and fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp, and Toxocara cati in feral and pet domestic cats SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; HUMAN INFECTION; PREVALENCE; FELIS; TRANSMISSION; ASSOCIATION; BACTEREMIA; RESERVOIR; PROGRAMS; OOCYSTS AB Objective-To compare seroprevalences of antibodies against Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii and fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp, and Toxocara cati in feral and pet domestic cats. Design-Prospective cross-sectional serologic and coprologic survey. Animals-100 feral cats and 76 pet domestic cats from Randolph County, NC. Procedure-Blood and fecal samples were collected and tested. Results-Percentages of feral cats seropositive for antibodies against B henselae and T gondii (93% and 63%, respectively) were significantly higher than percentages of pet cats (75% and 34%). Percentages of feral and pet cats with Cryptosporidium spp (7% of feral cats; 6% of pet cats), Giardia spp (6% of feral cats; 5% of pet cats) and T cati ova (21% of feral cats; 18% of pet cats) in their feces were not significantly different between populations. Results of CBCs and serum biochemical analyses were not significantly different between feral and pet cats, except that feral cats had a significantly lower median PCV and significantly higher median neutrophil count. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggested that feral and pet cats had similar baseline health status, as reflected by results of hematologic and serum biochemical testing and similar prevalences of infection with Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp, and T cati. Feral cats did have higher seroprevalences of antibodies against B henselae and Tgondii than did pet cats, but this likely was related to greater exposure to vectors of these organisms. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stoskopf, MK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 38 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 225 IS 9 BP 1394 EP 1398 DI 10.2460/javma.2004.225.1394 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 868II UT WOS:000224906900024 PM 15552314 ER PT J AU Huang, TTK Kaur, H McCarter, KS Nazir, N Choi, WS Ahluwalia, JS AF Huang, TTK Kaur, H McCarter, KS Nazir, N Choi, WS Ahluwalia, JS TI Reading nutrition labels and fat consumption in adolescents SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE nutrition label; fat; diet; energy; adolescent ID FOOD LABELS; HEALTH AB We studied the relationship between reading nutrition labels and percent calorie intake from fat. In adolescent boys, reading nutrition labels was associated with higher fat intake. In girls, fat intake did not differ by frequency of nutrition label reading. Nutrition label reading does not translate into healthier diet in adolescents. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Quintiles Inc, Kansas City, MO USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. RP Huang, TTK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Energy Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM terry.huang@tufts.edu NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD NOV PY 2004 VL 35 IS 5 BP 399 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.02.005 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 865YZ UT WOS:000224741400008 PM 15488434 ER PT J AU Freking, BA Leymaster, KA AF Freking, BA Leymaster, KA TI Evaluation of Dorset, Finnsheep, Romanov, Texel, and Montadale breeds of sheep: IV. Survival, growth, and carcass traits of F-1 lambs(1,2) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeds; carcass composition; growth; sheep; survival ID SUBCUTANEOUS FAT PROPORTION; 10 SIRE BREEDS; CROSSBRED LAMBS; SUFFOLK; EWES AB The objectives of this study were to estimate effects of sire breed (Dorset, Finnsheep, Romanov, Texel, and Montadale), and dam breed (Composite III and Northwestern whiteface) on survival, growth, carcass, and composition traits of F-1 lambs. Effects of mating season (August, October, and December) were estimated for survival and growth traits. Data were collected on 4,320 F, lambs sired by 102 purebred rams over 3 yr. Birth weight was recorded on all lambs, and subsequent BW were adjusted to 56 (weaning), 70, and 140 d of age (n = 3,713, 3,654, and 3,579 observations, respectively). Survival of dam-reared progeny (n = 4,065) to weaning was recorded. Each year, wethers from October matings were slaughtered in three groups at 25, 29, and 33 wk of age to obtain carcass data (n = 546). In addition to standard carcass traits, resistive impedance measurements were recorded on the warm carcass to predict lean mass. Dam breed (P = 0.37) did not influence lamb survival to weaning, but sire breed (P < 0.05) was important. Romanov-sired lambs excelled in survival rate to weaning (94.1%), followed by Finnsheep (93.0%), Texel (90.7%), Dorset (90.0%), and Montadale (89.1%) sired progeny. Lower (P < 0.01) postweaning growth rate was observed for Texel (267 g/d) and Finnsheep (272 g/d) sired progeny than for Dorset (285 g/d), Montadale (282 g/d), and Romanov (278 g/d) sired progeny. Sire breed and dam breed were generally significant for most carcass traits. Breed differences in distribution of carcass fat and carcass shape were detected; however, carcass composition was similar for all sire breeds when compared at a constant carcass weight. When evaluated at a constant 12th-rib fat depth, carcasses of lambs from Finnsheep, Romanov, and Texel sires produced 1 to 1.5 kg less (P < 0.001) predicted lean mass per lamb than carcasses of lambs from Dorset and Montadale sires. These experimental results provide information about the direct breed effects for survival, growth, and carcass traits of these breeds and their potential use in crossbreeding systems. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freking, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM freking@email.marc.usda.gov RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 82 IS 11 BP 3144 EP 3153 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 863DW UT WOS:000224541900005 PM 15542460 ER PT J AU Yen, JT Wells, JE Miller, DN AF Yen, JT Wells, JE Miller, DN TI Dried skim milk as a replacement for soybean meal in growing-finishing diets: Effects on growth performance, apparent total-tract nitrogen digestibility, urinary and fecal nitrogen excretion, and carcass traits in pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carcass traits; dried skim milk; growing-finishing pigs; growth; nitrogen digestibility; urinary nitrogen excretion ID ACID AB Two trials were conducted to determine the replacement nutritive value of dried skim milk for growing-finishing pigs. In a three-phase feeding trial, 180 growing composite barrows (40.8 +/- 2.9 kg BW) were allotted to three dietary treatments. Each phase lasted 28 d. Treatment 1 comprised a basal corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with crystalline AA to contain true ileal digestible concentrations (as-fed basis) of 0.83, 0.66, and 0.52% Lys; 0.53, 0.45, and 0.40% Thr; and 0.51, 0.45, and 0.42% sulfur amino acids (SAA; Met + Cys) in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Treatments 2 and 3 were the basal diets with 5 and 10% (as-fed basis) dried skim milk added. The three diets at each phase were formulated to have the same quantities of DE, true ileal digestible Lys, Thr, Trp, SAA, Ca, and available P. Pigs were housed 10 per pen (six pens/treatment), allowed ad libitum access to feed, and slaughtered at 121.6 +/- 9.3 kg BW. No differences were detected between pigs fed the basal diet and the dried skim milk diets or between pigs fed the 5 and 10% dried skim milk diets, respectively, in 84-d ADG (P = 0.84 or P = 0.71), ADFI (P = 0.54 or P = 0.91), and G:F (P = 0.80 or P = 0.97), in hot carcass weight (P = 0.66 or P = 0.74), 45-min postmortem LM pH (P = 0.90 or P = 0.53), 10th-rib backfat thickness (P = 0.24 or P = 0.77), LM area (P = 0.13 or P = 0.63), weights of belly (P = 0.43 or P = 0.70), trimmed wholesale cuts (P = 0.18 to 0.85 or P = 0.06 to 0.53), and ham components (P = 0.25 to 0.98 or P = 0.32 to 0.63). In the N balance trial, four littermate pairs of finishing gilts (82.9 +/- 2.0 kg BW) were assigned within pair to the basal or the 10% dried skim milk (as-fed basis) finishing diet. Daily feed allowance was 2.6x maintenance DE requirement and was given in two equal meals. Total fecal collection from eight meals and a 96-h urine collection began on d 14 when gilts weighed 92.1 +/- 2.2 kg BW. No differences were found between dietary treatments in gilt's daily N intake (P = 0.33) and the daily output of urinary urea (P = 0.88), urinary N (P = 0.97), fecal N (P = 0.69), and total manure (P = 0.62), as well as apparent total-tract N digestibility (P = 0.84) and N retention (P = 0.84). It is concluded that growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing 10% dried skim milk would have growth performance, carcass traits, and N digestibility and use similar to those fed typical corn-soybean meal diets. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Yen, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM jtyen@email.marc.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 82 IS 11 BP 3338 EP 3345 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 863DW UT WOS:000224541900026 PM 15542481 ER PT J AU Stellflug, JN Perkins, A LaVoie, VA AF Stellflug, JN Perkins, A LaVoie, VA TI Testosterone and luteinizing hormone responses to naloxone help predict sexual performance in rams SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE luteinizing hormone; naloxone; rams; sexual performance; sheep; testosterone ID MALE-ORIENTED RAMS; LH-SECRETION; PARTNER PREFERENCE; MATING-BEHAVIOR; MALE SHEEP; EWES; PITUITARY; HYPOTHALAMUS; PHOTOPERIOD; CHALLENGE AB The first objective of this study was to determine whether LH and testosterone respond differently to a naloxone injection in relation to varying sexual performance in rams. If differences occurred, the second objective was to determine whether differences would predict variation in sexual performance. From a group of 1.5- to 3-yr-old rams, 20 sexually active and 39 sexually inactive rams were selected based on previously observed sexual behavior with estrual ewes. Each ram was exposed to three estrual ewes for 18 30min sexual performance tests, and those found to be inactive were given two 30-min sexual partner preference tests. The final distribution was 28 sexually active, 22 inactive, and nine male-oriented rams. Rams were treated with 1.5 mg of naloxone/kg BW in December of Year 1 and again with either 0.75 or 1.5 mg of naloxone/kg BW in November of Year 2. Plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone were evaluated with mixed model analyses for repeated measures separately for each year to coincide with logistic procedures for modeling the probability that rams were sexually active. For Year 1, a sexual activity x age x time interaction for LH after naloxone was observed (P < 0.03). For testosterone, there was a sexual activity x time interaction (P < 0.03), with a similar, early increase for sexually active female- and male-oriented rams compared with a delayed, minimal increase for inactive rams. For Year 2, when all rams were over 2.5 yr of age, a sexual activity x time interaction for both LH and testosterone (P < 0.02) seemed more related to an earlier increase of both hormones for sexually active rams than the increase observed for inactive rams. In addition, sexually active rams had a greater increase in testosterone than inactive rams. No significant difference was observed between 0.75 and 1.50 mg of naloxone/kg BW. Testosterone and LH were used as explanatory variables and sexual activity was used as the response variable in logistic procedures. In Year 1, greatest prediction accuracy was 73.5% using testosterone at 60 min after naloxone injection. In Year 2, the greatest prediction accuracy was 85% using LH at 15 min multiplied by testosterone at 60 min after naloxone. Test repeatability for both years on the same rams was 76%. In conclusion, pattern and magnitude of naloxone-induced changes in endocrine function may facilitate identification of sexually active and inactive rams during the breeding season. Prediction accuracy of the naloxone-based test was 69 to 85%. C1 USDA ARS, Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Carroll Coll, Helena, MT 59625 USA. RP Stellflug, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62 Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM jstellflug@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 82 IS 11 BP 3380 EP 3387 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 863DW UT WOS:000224541900031 PM 15542486 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ Hurlburt, BK AF Maleki, SJ Hurlburt, BK TI Structural and functional alterations in major peanut allergens caused by thermal processing SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS; IGE-BINDING EPITOPES; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; COWS MILK-PROTEINS; HEATED PECAN NUT; NEOALLERGENS; DEGRADATION; HYDROLYSIS; INHIBITOR; STABILITY AB The majority of foods that we eat are subjected to some type of processing either at home or by the manufacturer. The biochemical reactions that occur in foods as a result of thermal processing can be both beneficial and harmful. Here, we briefly review the effects of thermal processing and some of the effects of the Maillard reaction on the allergenicity of food proteins. Specifically, we focus on the known effects of roasting on the allergenic properties of peanut proteins and the contribution of Maillard reaction products or advanced glycation end products to these observed effects. The most thorough understanding of the effects of thermal processing on allergenicity involves the peanut proteins. Thermal processing alters specific biophysical and immunological properties of peanut proteins, such as structure, function, solubility, digestibility, immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding, and T-cell responses. A better understanding of the effects of thermal processing-induced biochemical and immunological alterations is of utmost importance for proper risk assessment of existing and newly introduced proteins in the food source, as well as development of effective diagnostic tools and therapeutic treatments for food allergy. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Maleki, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sjmaleki@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 14 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1475 EP 1479 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 878TH UT WOS:000225669200029 PM 15675461 ER PT J AU Nogueira, MCL McDonald, R Westphal, C Maleki, SJ Yeung, JM AF Nogueira, MCL McDonald, R Westphal, C Maleki, SJ Yeung, JM TI Can commercial peanut assay kits detect peanut allergens? SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; IDENTIFICATION; ARA-H-1; CHALLENGE; PRODUCTS; PROTEINS AB Peanut is the food group mostly associated with severe and fatal allergic reactions. In the United States, more than 90% of peanut-allergic individuals' serum IgE recognized peanut proteins Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, thus establishing these proteins as major peanut allergens. The amount of Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in 3 varieties of peanut cultivars that are commonly processed in the industrialized countries was determined to be 12-16 and 6-9%, respectively. Current commercial peanut test kits use polyclonal peanut-specific antibodies to detect soluble or buffer extractable peanut proteins. Because the 2 major peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 are isolated from soluble peanut proteins, it is generally assumed that these commercial kits can detect peanut allergens, although none of these kits claims to detect peanut allergen. This study showed for the first time that the peanut test kits could, in fact, detect major peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in both native or heat-denatured structures; therefore, these kits qualified to be classified as peanut allergen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. C1 Natl Food Processors Assoc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. USDA, ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Yeung, JM (reprint author), Natl Food Processors Assoc, 1350 I St,NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM jyeung@nfpa-food.org RI Nogueira, Mara/A-6944-2013 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1484 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 878TH UT WOS:000225669200030 PM 15675462 ER PT J AU Schmitt, DA Cheng, HP Maleki, SJ Burks, AW AF Schmitt, DA Cheng, HP Maleki, SJ Burks, AW TI Competitive inhibition ELISA for quantification of Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, the major allergens of peanuts SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID IGE-BINDING EPITOPES; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; FOOD-PRODUCTS; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS AB Allergies to peanuts are becoming an increasingly important health problem as a result of the persistence and severity of the reaction in allergic individuals. Because no treatment currently is available, avoidance is the only option for peanut-allergic individuals. Avoidance of an abundant and often disguised food such as peanuts, however, is very difficult; therefore, competitive inhibition ELISAs were developed to detect and quantitate each of the major peanut allergens, Ara h 1 and Ara h 2. Under optimal conditions for each assay, the sensitivity of the Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 detection assays were 12 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. These assays were primarily devised to effectively compare the levels of Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in a wide variety of peanuts or peanut products but can also be used to identify cross-reactive antigens. The method is simple and rapid, requiring only one allergen-specific antibody and, therefore, could be adapted specifically to detect the presence of these individual allergens in different foods. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Pediat, Div Allergy Immunol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Maleki, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sjmaleki@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1492 EP 1497 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 878TH UT WOS:000225669200032 PM 15675464 ER PT J AU Zhong, SY Whiteman, CD Bian, XD AF Zhong, SY Whiteman, CD Bian, XD TI Diurnal evolution of three-dimensional wind and temperature structure in California's Central Valley SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SACRAMENTO; CANYON AB The diurnal evolution of the three-dimensional summer-season mean wind and temperature structure in California's Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys ( collectively called the Central Valley) is investigated using data from 22 radar wind profiler/radio acoustic sounding systems (RASS) operated as part of the Central California Ozone Study in 2000. The profiler network revealed, for the first time, that the persistent summer-season flow pattern documented by surface observations extends 800 - 1000 m above the surface. At most locations, upvalley winds persist during both day and night except at the upper ends of the valleys and close to the valley sidewalls where diurnal wind reversals occur. Wind speeds exhibit pronounced diurnal oscillations, with amplitudes decreasing with height. A low-level wind maximum occurs in the lowest 300 m, with a sharp decrease in speed above the maximum. Especially well defined nocturnal low-level jets occur at sites in the southern San Joaquin Valley, where maximum speeds of 10 m s(-1) or more occur 1 - 2 h before midnight at heights near 300 m. The afternoon mixed layer, generally deeper than 1000 m, increases in depth with up-valley distance in both valleys. At night, temperature inversions develop in the lowest several hundred meters with near-isothermal layers above. Mean temperatures in the lowest 500 m of the valleys are always warmer than at the same altitude over the coast, and temperature increases from the lower to upper valleys. The diurnal oscillations of the coast valley and along-valley temperature and pressure difference reach a maximum in late afternoon and a minimum in early morning. These oscillations are in phase with the diurnal variation of westerly onshore flows. The along-valley wind maxima, however, occur 1 - 2 h before midnight, whereas the along-valley pressure gradient maxima are usually found just before sunset. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Zhong, SY (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, 312 S&R 1,4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM szhong@uh.edu NR 16 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1679 EP 1699 DI 10.1175/JAM2154.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 880RJ UT WOS:000225806600010 ER PT J AU Losey, RJ Yamada, SB Largaespada, L AF Losey, RJ Yamada, SB Largaespada, L TI Late-Holocene Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) harvest at an Oregon coast estuary SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cancer magister; crustaceans; shellfish; Northwest Coast; Netarts Bay; Oregon Coast; mass harvesting; Late-Holocene ID MORTALITY PROFILES; DIET BREADTH; ADAPTATIONS; SHELLFISH; BASIN; EXPLOITATION; ECONOMIES; REMAINS; MODEL AB Coastal peoples worldwide harvested and consumed a wide variety of shellfish. Most archaeological analyses of shellfish remains tend to focus on bivalves such as clams and mussels while other shellfish such as gastropods, barnacles, and crabs have received much less attention. Here we examine the use of Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) at a late-Holocene village on Netarts Bay, northern Oregon Coast. Ethnographic and ethnohistoric records suggest that crabs were both individually hunted as well as gathered, often en masse. We employ allometric scaling of Dungeness claws (propal fingers) recovered from several household middens to estimate crab body size and age. These data indicate that while a wide age range of crabs were collected, most harvesting efforts focused on juveniles and young adults. This suggests that most Dungeness crabs at the site were gathered (not individually hunted) in Netarts Bay, most likely in shallow subtidal areas where cockles (Clinocardium nuttalli) were also being regularly taken. As such, Dungeness crabs were part of a foraging strategy that involved the efficient mass harvest of small prey using minimal technology. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Anthropol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H4, Canada. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Chugach Natl Forest, USDA, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Losey, RJ (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Anthropol, Tory Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H4, Canada. EM robert.losey@ualberta.ca; yamadas@science.oregonstate.edu; llargaespada@fs.fed.us NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1603 EP 1612 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2004.04.002 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 855WB UT WOS:000224004500009 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Zuerner, RL AF Sharma, VK Zuerner, RL TI Role of hha and ler in transcriptional regulation of the esp operon of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID H-NS; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; CONTROLS EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; LOCUS; SECRETION; HEMOLYSIN; SEQUENCE; BINDING AB The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), which includes five major operons (LEE1 through LEE4 and tir), enables enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 to produce attaching and effacing lesions on host cells. Expression of LEE2, LEE3, and tir is positively regulated by ler, a gene located in LEE1. Transcriptional regulation of the esp operon (LEE4), however, is not well defined. Transposon mutagenesis was used to identify transcriptional regulators of the esp operon by screening for mutants with increased beta-galactosidase activity in an EHEC O157:H7 strain harboring an esp::lac transcriptional fusion. All mutants with significant increases in beta-galactosidase activity had transposon insertions in hha (hha::Tn). Specific complementation of the hha::Tn mutation with a plasmid-encoded copy of hha reduced beta-galactosidase activity to the level expressed in the parental esp::lac strain. Purified Hha, however, bound poorly to the esp promoter, suggesting that Hha might repress the transcription of a positive regulator of esp. Transposon mutagenesis of a Deltahha esp::lac strain expressing elevated levels of beta-galactosidase resulted in ler mutants with reduced beta-galactosidase activity. Purified Hha bound to the ler promoter with a higher affinity, and complementation of a Deltahha mutation in a Deltahha ler::lac strain repressed beta-galactosidase activity to the level expressed in a ler::lac strain. A positive regulatory role of ler in esp expression was demonstrated by specific binding of Ler to the esp promoter, reduced expression of beta-galactosidase in Deltaler esp::lac strains with and without hha, and severalfold-increased transcription of ler and espA in strains lacking hha. These results indicate that hha-mediated repression of ler causes reduced expression of the esp operon. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bact Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM vsharma@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 186 IS 21 BP 7290 EP 7301 DI 10.1128/JB.186.21.7290-7301.2004 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 863QA UT WOS:000224575500027 PM 15489441 ER PT J AU Koenig, RL Ray, JL Maleki, SJ Smeltzer, MS Hurlburt, BK AF Koenig, RL Ray, JL Maleki, SJ Smeltzer, MS Hurlburt, BK TI Staphylococcus aureus AgrA binding to the RNAIII-agr regulatory region SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE GENE REGULATOR; SARA; ENDOPHTHALMITIS; TRANSCRIPTION; PATHOGENESIS; TRANSDUCTION; INFECTION; MODEL AB The control of virulence gene expression in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is under the partial control of the two-component quorum-sensing system encoded by genes of the agr locus. The product of the agrA gene has been shown by amino acid sequence similarity to be the putative response regulator; however, binding of AgrA to promoters under its control has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we isolated and purified soluble AgrA by expression under osmotic shock conditions and ion-exchange chromatography. Purified AgrA showed high-affinity binding to the RNAIII-agr intergenic region by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Binding was localized by DNase I protection assays to a pair of direct repeats in the P2 and P3 promoter regions of the agr locus. We found that this binding was enhanced by the addition of the small phosphoryl donor, acetyl phosphate. The difference in binding affinity between these two promoters was found to result from a 2-bp difference between the downstream direct repeats of the P2 and P3 sites. Mutation of these base pairs in the P3 site to match those found in the P2 site increased the affinity of AgrA for the P3 site relative to that for the P2 site. These results are consistent with the function of AgrA as a response regulator with recognition sites in the promoter regions of RNAIII and the agr locus. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Little Rock, AR USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Hurlburt, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM bhurlburt@srrc.ars.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI45041, R01 AI045041] NR 28 TC 83 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 186 IS 22 BP 7549 EP 7555 DI 10.1128/JB.186.22.7549-7555.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 869HH UT WOS:000224973500010 PM 15516566 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Sundin, GW AF Zhang, S Sundin, GW TI Long-term effect of mutagenic DNA repair on accumulation of mutations in Pseudomonas syringae B86-17 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; POLYMERASES; POPULATIONS; RADIATION; MUTATORS; RULAB; RATES AB Forty replicate lineages of Pseudomonas syringae B86-17 cells expressing the rulAB mutagenic DNA repair (MDR) determinant or the rulB::Km MDR-deficient mutant GWS242 were passaged through single-cell bottlenecks (60 cycles), with a UV radiation (UVR) exposure given to half of the lineages at the beginning of each cycle. After every 10th bottleneck cycle, single-colony isolates from all 80 lineages were subjected to 39 phenotypic screens, with newly arising mutations detected in 60 and 0% of UVR-exposed or non-UVR-exposed B86-17 lineages, respectively, by the 60th cycle. Cellular fitness, measured as growth rate in a minimal medium, of UVR-exposed lineages of both B86-17 and GWS242 after 60 cycles was not significantly different from that of the ancestral strains. Although UVR exposure and MDR activity increased the occurrence of mutations in cells, a significant reduction in overall fitness was not observed. C1 Michigan State Univ, Genet Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sundin, GW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrated Plant Syst 103, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM sundin@msu.edu NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 186 IS 22 BP 7807 EP 7810 DI 10.1128/JB.186.22.7807-7810.2004 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 869HH UT WOS:000224973500040 PM 15516596 ER PT J AU Hurkman, WJ Tanaka, CK AF Hurkman, WJ Tanaka, CK TI Improved methods for separation of wheat endosperm proteins and analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE albumins; chlorofomn-methanol-soluble proteins; globulins; gluten proteins; wheat ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; STARCHY ENDOSPERM; BUFFER C1 Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hurkman, WJ (reprint author), Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, 800 Buchman St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bhurkman@pw.usda.gov NR 12 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 295 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2004.09.001 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 878FE UT WOS:000225631200013 ER PT J AU Marshall, WE Wartelle, LH AF Marshall, WE Wartelle, LH TI An anion exchange resin from soybean hulls SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soybean hulls; anion adsorption; anion exchange resin; quaternization; N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride ID QUARTERNARY AMMONIUM GROUPS; LIGNOCELLULOSE MATERIALS; ION-EXCHANGE; WASTE-WATER; WOOD MEAL; CATIONIZATION; ADSORPTION; BAGASSE AB Agricultural by-products are generally poor adsorbents of anions in solution. Therefore, modification of the by-product could enhance its anion exchange capabilities. The objective of this study was to increase the anion exchange properties of the agricultural by-product, soybean hulls, by chemical modification. Soybean hulls were quaternized with the quaternizing agent, N-(3-chloro-2hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride, in the presence of a strongly alkaline environment. This modification increased the amount of positive charge on the hulls as evidenced by increased nitrogen content and increased uptake of anions compared with the unmodified hulls. A method to optimize the anion exchange properties of the hulls was developed. Ion exchange properties of the hulls toward anions of environmental significance, namely arsenate (As), chromate (Cr), dichromate (Cr-2), phosphate (P) and selenate (Se) were determined. The modified hulls were also compared with commercial cellulose-based and synthetic anion exchange resins in their ability to remove these anions from solution. The experimental and commercial resins were also compared for their ability to remove a mixture of arsenate, chromate, dichromate and selenate from laboratory prepared solutions to levels below the maximum contaminant levels for these anions in drinking water as specified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Our results demonstrate that the soy hull resin is more efficient in anion removal than the commercial cellulose-based resin but not as effective as the commercial synthetic resin. Published in 2004 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Marshall, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687,1100 Robert E Lee, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM marshall@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 79 IS 11 BP 1286 EP 1292 DI 10.1002/jctb.1126 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 865YU UT WOS:000224740900014 ER PT J AU Trujillo, ME Sullivan, S Harten, I Schneider, SH Greenberg, AS Fried, SK AF Trujillo, ME Sullivan, S Harten, I Schneider, SH Greenberg, AS Fried, SK TI Interleukin-6 regulates human adipose tissue lipid metabolism and leptin production in vitro SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; LONG-TERM REGULATION; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; OBESE WOMEN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; FAT-CELLS; LIPOLYSIS; LIPASE; GLUCOSE AB Adipose tissue IL-6 expression is increased in obesity and is a strong predictor of abnormalities in adipocyte and systemic metabolism. We used adipose tissue organ culture to test the direct effects of IL-6 on leptin expression, lipolysis, and lipoprotein lipase activity. To assess possible interactions with the hormonal milieu, IL-6 effects were tested in the presence or absence of insulin and/or glucocorticoid [dexamethasone (dex)]. Because omental (Om) and abdominal sc depots differ in IL-6 expression, their responses to exogenous IL-6 were compared. Although IL-6 had no significant effects under basal conditions, culture with the combination of IL-6 and dex, compared with dex alone, for 2 d increased leptin in both depots [+95+/-30% (sc) and +67+/-19% (Om), P<0.01]; IL-6 did not affect leptin production when added in the presence of insulin. Culture with IL-6 in the absence of hormones moderately increased lipolysis during culture in both sc and Om [+79 +/- 23% (sc) and +26 +/- 9% (Om), each P<0.01]. IL-6 markedly reduced the high levels of lipoprotein lipase activity in tissue cultured with insulin plus dex. We conclude that high local concentrations of IL-6 can modulate leptin production and lipid metabolism in human adipose tissue. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore VA Med Ctr, GRECC,Dept Med,Div Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Div Endocrinol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fried, SK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore VA Med Ctr, GRECC,Dept Med,Div Gerontol, 10 N Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM sfried@grecc.umaryland.edu RI Trujillo, Martha/L-1763-2014; OI Trujillo, Martha/0000-0002-9193-1673; Fried, Susan/0000-0003-1101-9332 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 50647, DK52398] NR 35 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 89 IS 11 BP 5577 EP 5582 DI 10.1210/jc.2004-0603 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 868XL UT WOS:000224946300047 PM 15531514 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Sutton, DA Rinaldi, MG Magnon, KC Cox, PA Revankar, SG Sanche, S Geiser, DM Juba, JH van Burik, JAH Padhye, A Anaissie, EJ Francesconi, A Walsh, TJ Robinson, JS AF O'Donnell, K Sutton, DA Rinaldi, MG Magnon, KC Cox, PA Revankar, SG Sanche, S Geiser, DM Juba, JH van Burik, JAH Padhye, A Anaissie, EJ Francesconi, A Walsh, TJ Robinson, JS TI Genetic diversity of human pathogenic members of the Fusarium oxysporum complex inferred from multilocus DNA sequence data and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses: Evidence for the recent dispersion of a geographically widespread clonal lineage and nosocomial origin SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES COMPLEX; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENEALOGIES; DISEASE; FUNGUS; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; REPRODUCTION; GRAMINEARUM; RECOGNITION AB Fusarium oxysporum is a phylogenetically diverse monophyletic complex of filamentous ascomycetous fungi that are responsible for localized and disseminated life-threatening opportunistic infections in immunocompetent and severely neutropenic patients, respectively. Although members of this complex were isolated from patients during a pseudoepidemic in San Antonio, Tex., and from patients and the water system in a Houston, Tex., hospital during the 1990s, little is known about their genetic relatedness and population structure. This study was conducted to investigate the global genetic diversity and population biology of a comprehensive set of clinically important members of the F. oxysporum complex, focusing on the 33 isolates from patients at the San Antonio hospital and on strains isolated in the United States from the water systems of geographically distant hospitals in Texas, Maryland, and Washington, which were suspected as reservoirs of nosocomial fusariosis. In all, 18 environmental isolates and 88 isolates from patients spanning four continents were genotyped. The major finding of this study, based on concordant results from phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data and amplified fragment length polymorphisms, is that a recently dispersed, geographically widespread clonal lineage is responsible for over 70% of all clinical isolates investigated, including all of those associated with the pseudoepidemic in San Antonio. Moreover, strains of the clonal lineage recovered from patients were conclusively shown to genetically match those isolated from the hospital water systems of three U.S. hospitals, providing support for the hypothesis that hospitals may serve as a reservoir for nosocomial fusarial infections. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Baptist Hosp, San Antonio, TX USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Infect Dis, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NCI, Immunocompromised Host Sect, Pediat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kodonnell@mail.ncaur.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Young, Jo-Anne/G-2617-2013; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 OI Young, Jo-Anne/0000-0003-4182-341X; NR 38 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 5109 EP 5120 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5109-5120.2004 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 871QV UT WOS:000225149300030 PM 15528703 ER PT J AU Borucki, MK Kim, SH Call, DR Smole, SC Pagotto, F AF Borucki, MK Kim, SH Call, DR Smole, SC Pagotto, F TI Selective discrimination of Listeria monocytogenes epidemic strains by a mixed-genome DNA microarray compared to discrimination by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, ribotyping, and multilocus sequence typing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; CLONES; FOOD; MICROORGANISMS; LINEAGES AB Listeria monocytogenes can cause serious illness in humans, and subsequent epidemiological investigation requires molecular characterization to allow the identification of specific isolates. L. monocytogenes is usually characterized by serotyping and is subtyped by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) or ribotyping. DNA microarrays provide an alternative means to resolve genetic differences among isolates, and unlike PFGE and ribotyping, microarrays can be used to identify specific genes associated with strains of interest. Twenty strains of L. monocytogenes representing six serovars were used to generate a shotgun library, and subsequently a 629-probe microarray was constructed by using features that included only potentially polymorphic gene probe sequences. Fifty-two strains of L. monocytogenes were genotyped by using the condensed array, including strains associated with five major listeriosis epidemics. Cluster analysis of the microarray data grouped strains according to phylogenetic lineage and serotype. Most epidemiologically linked strains were grouped together, and subtyping resolution was the same as that with PFGE (using AscI and ApaI) and better than that with multilocus sequence typing (using six housekeeping genes) and ribotyping. Additionally, a majority of epidemic strains were grouped together within phylogenetic Division I. This epidemic cluster was clearly distinct from the two other Division I clusters, which encompassed primarily sporadic and environmental strains. Discriminant function analysis allowed identification of 22 probes from the mixed-genome array that distinguish serotypes and subtypes, including several potential markers that were distinct for the epidemic cluster. Many of the subtype-specific genes encode proteins that likely confer survival advantages in the environment and/or host. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Massachusetts State Lab Inst, Boston, MA USA. Hlth Canada, Bur Microbial Hazards, Hlth Prod & Food Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP Borucki, MK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mborucki@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 28 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 5270 EP 5276 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5270-5276.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 871QV UT WOS:000225149300052 PM 15528725 ER PT J AU Palmer, GH Knowles, DP Rodriguez, JL Gnad, DP Hollis, LC Marston, T Brayton, KA AF Palmer, GH Knowles, DP Rodriguez, JL Gnad, DP Hollis, LC Marston, T Brayton, KA TI Stochastic transmission of multiple genotypically distinct Anaplasma marginale strains in a herd with high prevalence of Anaplasma infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PROTEIN 1A; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; MOLECULAR-BASIS; TICK CELLS; CATTLE; ANDERSONI; GENOTYPES; EPITOPE AB Multiple genotypically unique strains of the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma marginale occur and are transmitted within regions where the organism is endemic. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that specific A. marginale strains are preferentially transmitted. The study herd of cattle (n = 261) had an infection prevalence of 29% as determined by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR, with complete concordance between results of the two assays. Genotyping revealed the presence of 11 unique strains within the herd. Although the majority of the individuals (70 of 75) were infected with only a single A. marginale strain, five animals each carried two strains with markedly distinct genotypes, indicating that superinfection does occur with distinct A. marginale strains, as has been reported with A. marginale and A. marginale subsp. centrale strains. Identification of strains in animals born into and infected within the herd during the period from 1998 to 2003 revealed no significant difference from the overall strain prevalence in the herd, results that do not support the occurrence of preferential strain transmission within a population of persistently infected animals and are most consistent with pathogen strain transmission being stochastic. C1 Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Palmer, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gpalmer@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI044005, R01 AI44005] NR 19 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 5381 EP 5384 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5381-5384.2004 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 871QV UT WOS:000225149300076 PM 15528749 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV Dahl, GE Wood, DL Moallem, U Erdman, RA AF Capuco, AV Dahl, GE Wood, DL Moallem, U Erdman, RA TI Effect of bovine somatotropin and rumen-undegradable protein on mammary growth of prepubertal dairy heifers and subsequent milk production SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heifer and mammary growth; lactation; somatotropin; protein feeding ID RECOMBINANT SOMATOTROPIN; ABOMASAL INFUSION; HOLSTEIN HEIFERS; LACTATION; WEIGHT; YIELD; COWS; PERFORMANCE; INJECTION; NUTRITION AB Rapid body growth during the prepubertal period may be associated with reductions in mammary parenchymal growth and subsequent milk yield. The objective of this study was to test effects of dietary rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) and administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) during the prepubertal period on mammary growth and milk yield of dairy heifers. Seventy-two Holstein heifers were used in the experiment. At 90 d of age, 8 heifers were slaughtered before initiation of treatment. Remaining heifers were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments. Treatments consisted of a control diet (5.9% RUP, 14.9% CP, DM basis) or RUP-supplemented diet ( control diet plus 2% added RUP) with or without 0.1 mg of bST/kg of BW per day applied in a 2 x 2 factorial design. A total of 6 heifers per treatment ( 3 each at 5 and 10 mo of age) were slaughtered for mammary tissue analysis. Remaining heifers were bred to evaluate impact of treatment on subsequent milk yield and composition. Mammary parenchymal growth was not affected by RUP or bST treatment. Total parenchymal mass increased from 16 to 364 g, and parenchymal DNA from 58 to 1022 mg from 3 to 10 mo of age, respectively. Furthermore, number of mammary epithelial cells likely was not affected by diet or bST because the epithelial cell proliferation index, assessed by Ki-67 labeling, was not affected by treatment, nor was total parenchymal DNA and lipid content. Neither deleterious effects of increased rates of gain nor positive effects of bST were evident in prepubertal mammary growth. Subsequent milk production and composition was not different among treatments. C1 ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM acapuco@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 87 IS 11 BP 3762 EP 3769 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 863EU UT WOS:000224544500020 PM 15483159 ER PT J AU Moallem, U Dahl, GE Duffey, EK Capuco, AV Wood, DL McLeod, KR Baldwin, RL Erdman, RA AF Moallem, U Dahl, GE Duffey, EK Capuco, AV Wood, DL McLeod, KR Baldwin, RL Erdman, RA TI Bovine somatotropin and rumen-undegradable protein effects in prepubertal dairy heifers: Effects on body composition and organ and tissue weights SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy heifer; skeletal growth; body composition; somatotropin ID MAMMARY DEVELOPMENT; HOLSTEIN HEIFERS; RECOMBINANT SOMATOTROPIN; ABOMASAL INFUSION; MILK-PRODUCTION; TREATED STEERS; GROWTH-HORMONE; LACTATION; COWS; COMPONENTS AB The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) and added dietary rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on organ and tissue weights and body composition in growing dairy heifers. Thirty-two Holstein heifers were in the experiment, 8 killed initially at 3 mo of age, with the remaining 24 Holstein heifers randomly assigned to treatments (n = 6) consisting of 0.1 mg/kg of body weight per day of bST and 2% added dietary RUP ( dry matter basis) applied in a 2 x 2 factorial design. A total of 6 heifers per treatment group ( 3 each at 5 and 10 mo of age), were slaughtered to determine body composition and organ masses. Feed intake measured from group intakes were increased by 0.25 and 0.35 kg/d with bST and RUP, respectively. Administration of bST tended to increase the weights of visceral organs including heart, kidney, and spleen by 16, 16, and 38%, respectively. At 10 mo of age, there was a trend for increased empty body weights (EBW) and non-carcass components for heifers treated with bST, but there were no effects of RUP. Body components and organ weights, expressed as a percentage of BW were not affected by RUP or bST. Somatotropin increased ash weight at 10 mo without affecting amounts of protein, fat, and energy. Rates of ash deposition between 3 and 10 mo of age were increased 7 and 4 g/d by bST and RUP, respectively. There were no treatment effects on rates of body fat, protein, and energy deposition. Bovine somatotropin and RUP altered the metabolism of growing heifers in a manner that was consistent with increased rates of skeletal growth. This suggests that nutritional and endocrine manipulations could increase growth rates of skeletal tissues without increasing fat deposition in prepubertal dairy heifers. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Erdman, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM erdman@umd.edu RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 87 IS 11 BP 3869 EP 3880 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 863EU UT WOS:000224544500032 PM 15483171 ER PT J AU Saama, PM Jacob, JB Kehrli, ME Freeman, AE Kelm, SC Kuck, AL Tempelman, RJ Burton, JL AF Saama, PM Jacob, JB Kehrli, ME Freeman, AE Kelm, SC Kuck, AL Tempelman, RJ Burton, JL TI Genetic variation in bovine mononuclear leukocyte responses to dexamethasone SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cattle; leukocyte; dexamethasone; heritability ID PERIPARTURIENT HOLSTEIN CATTLE; NEUTROPHIL L-SELECTIN; IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; BLOOD NEUTROPHILS; EXPRESSION; MASTITIS; IMMUNITY; COWS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; POPULATIONS AB The objective of this study was to determine whether bovine mononuclear leukocytes exhibit genetic variability prior to and after a glucocorticoid hormone challenge in vivo. Test animals included 60 pedigreed Holstein bulls treated on 3 consecutive days with dexamethasone and 5 untreated control bulls. Eight indicator traits of leukocyte responsiveness to dexamethasone included the percentages of circulatingB cells, T cells (CD4, CD8, and workshop cluster 1 molecule expressed by bovine gammadelta T cell), major histocompatibility complex ( MHC) I and II expressing cells, and mean expressions of surface MHC I and MHC II on circulating cells. Blood for this work was collected from each test bull 10 times before, during, and after dexamethasone administration, with corresponding samples taken for control bulls. Random regression models with treatment-specific serial correlation were applied to the leukocyte data sets to estimate genetic and nongenetic sources of variation in baseline and recovery aspects of the traits. All traits responded predictably to glucocorticoid challenge. Genetic variation was observed in baseline measurements of all traits, with heritability estimates ranging from 0.21 +/- 0.03 to 0.60 +/- 0.06. Genetic variation in linear recovery from nadir values following dexamethasone administration was significant only for percentage CD4, percentage CD8, and for surface expression of MHC II. The genetic covariance between basal and linear recovery was positive and significant for percentage CD4, percentage CD8, and MHC II expression. The bovine lymphocyte antigen DRB3.2 locus accounted for significant proportions of total variation in percentage MHC II cells and MHC I expression. These results suggest that genetic variability exists for important basal and glucocorticoid-modified phenotypes of bovine mononuclear leukocytes, implying that immunocompetence traits impacted by this stress hormone may be enhanced by genetic selection. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. 21st Century Genet CRI, Shawano, WI 54166 USA. RP Burton, JL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM burtonj@pilot.msu.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 87 IS 11 BP 3928 EP 3937 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 863EU UT WOS:000224544500038 PM 15483177 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Poth, MA AF Fenn, ME Poth, MA TI Monitoring nitrogen deposition in throughfall using ion exchange resin columns: A field test in the San Bernardino Mountains SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; AIR-POLLUTANTS; FOREST; SOIL; TRANSFORMATION; EFFICIENCY; STABILITY; CANOPIES AB Conventional throughfall collection methods are labor intensive and analytically expensive to implement at broad scales. This study was conducted to test an alternative approach requiring infrequent sample collection and a greatly reduced number of chemical analyses. The major objective of the study was to determine the feasibility of using ion exchange resin (IER) to measure N deposition in throughfall with field deployment periods of 3 to 12 mo. Nitrogen deposition measurements in bulk throughfall collected under pine (Pinus sp.) canopies and in forest clearings were compared between co-located conventional throughfall solution collectors and IER throughfall collectors using mixed bed IER columns. Deposition data were collected for 1 yr at a high deposition site (Camp Paivika, CP) and a relatively low one (Barton Flats, BF) in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California: Annual throughfall deposition values (kg ha(-1) of NH4-N + NO3-N) under large ponderosa pine trees (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) were 145.8 and 143.9 at CP and 17.0 and 15.0 at BF according to the IER and conventional methods, respectively. Analogous values for bulk deposition in forest clearings were 15.6 and 12.3 at CP and 4.0 and 3.3 at BF. It was concluded that the IER collectors can be used for routine monitoring of deposition in throughfall and bulk deposition, provided that field blanks are used to account for background levels of N in the IER columns, which at times are slightly elevated, possibly from slow release of amine groups from the anion exchange resin during field exposures. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mfenn@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2007 EP 2014 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900005 PM 15537922 ER PT J AU Siebielec, G McCarthy, GW Stuczynski, TI Reeves, JB AF Siebielec, G McCarthy, GW Stuczynski, TI Reeves, JB TI Near- and mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for measuring soil metal content SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; UPPER SILESIA; CONTAMINATION; CADMIUM; POLAND; SEDIMENT; BIOMASS; ZINC; LEAD AB Rapid and nondestructive methods such as diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy provide potentially useful alternatives to time-consuming chemical methods of soil metal analysis. To assess the utility of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (DRIFTS) for soil metal determination, 70 soil samples from the metal mining region of Tarnowskie Gory (Upper Silesia, Poland) were analyzed by both chemical and spectroscopic methods. Soils represented a wide range of pH (4.0-8.0), total carbon (5.1-73.2 g kg(-1)), and textural classes (from sand to silty clay loam). Soils had various contents of metals (14-4500 mg kg(-1) for Zn, 18-6530 mg kg(-1) for Pb, and 0.17-34 mg kg(-1) for Cd), ranging from natural background levels to high contents indicative of industrial contamination in the region. Soil samples were scanned at the wavelengths from 400 to 2498 nm (near-infrared region) and from 2500 to 25 000 nm (mid-infrared region). Calibrations were developed using the one-out validation procedure under partial least squares (PLS) regression. Mid-infrared spectroscopy markedly outperformed NIRS. Iron, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn were successfully predicted using DRIFTS. The coefficients of determination (R) between actual and predicted contents were 0.97, 0.94, 0.80, 0.99, and 0.96 for those metals, respectively. Only Ph content was predicted poorly. Calibrations using NIRS were less accurate. Hoot mean squared deviation (RMSD) values were from 1.27 (Ph) to 3.3 (Ni) times higher for NIRS than for DRIFTS. Results indicate that DRIFTS may be useful for accurate predictions of metals if samples originate from one region. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, Pulawy, Poland. RP McCarthy, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mccartyg@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2056 EP 2069 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900011 PM 15537928 ER PT J AU Kukier, U Peters, CA Chaney, RL Angle, JS Roseberg, RJ AF Kukier, U Peters, CA Chaney, RL Angle, JS Roseberg, RJ TI The effect of pH on metal accumulation in two Alyssum species SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NICKEL PHYTOTOXICITY; SOILS; COPPER; ZINC; PHYTOREMEDIATION; PHYTOEXTRACTION; COBALT; MUCK; PREDICTION; SPECIATION AB Nickel phytoextraction using hyperaccumulator plants offers a potential for profit while decontaminating soils. Although soil pH is considered a key factor in metal uptake by crops, little is known about soil pH effects on metal uptake by hyperaccumulator plants. Two Ni and Co hyperaccumulators, Alyssum murale and A. corsicum, were grown in Quarry muck (Terric Haplohemist) and Welland (Typic Epiaquoll) soils contaminated by a Ni refinery in Port Colborne, Ontario, Canada, and in the serpentine Brockman soil (Typic Xerochrepts) from Oregon, USA. Soils were acidified and limed to cover pH from strongly acidic to mildly alkaline. Alyssum grown in both industrially contaminated soils exhibited increased Ni concentration in shoots as soil pH increased despite a decrease in water-soluble soil Ni, opposite to that seen with agricultural crop plants. A small decrease in Alyssum shoot Ni concentration as soil pH increased was observed in the serpentine soil. The highest fraction of total soil Ni was phytoextracted from Quarry muck (6.3%), followed by Welland (4.7%), and Brockman (0.84%). Maximum Ni phytoextraction was achieved at pH 7.3, 7.7, and 6.4 in the Quarry, Welland, and Brockman soils, respectively. Cobalt concentrations in shoots increased with soil pH increase in the Quarry muck, but decreased in the Welland soil. Plants extracted 1.71, 0.83, and 0.05% of the total soil Co from Welland, Quarry, and Brockman, respectively. The differences in uptake pattern of Ni and Co by Alyssum from different soils and pH were probably related to the differences in organic matter and iron contents of the soils. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, BARCW, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oregon State Univ, So Oregon Expt Stn, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. RP Kukier, U (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, BARCW, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kukieru@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 6 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2090 EP 2102 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900014 PM 15537931 ER PT J AU Potter, TL Truman, CC Bosch, DD Bednarz, C AF Potter, TL Truman, CC Bosch, DD Bednarz, C TI Fluometuron and pendimethalin runoff from strip and conventionally tilled cotton in the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; SOIL-EROSION; NORFLURAZON; HERBICIDES; SORPTION; SURFACE; LOSSES; WATER; MOVEMENT AB In the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of southern Georgia (USA), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) acreage increased threefold in the past decade. To more effectively protect water quality in the region, best management practices are needed that reduce pesticide runoff from fields in cotton production. This study compared runoff of two herbicides, fluometuron [N,N-dimethyl-N'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-urea] and pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine], from plots in strip-tillage (ST) and conventional-tillage (CT) management near Tifton, GA. Rainfall simulations were conducted one day after preemergence herbicide applications to 0.0006ha plots and runoff from 0.15-ha plots due to natural rainfall following preemergence pendimethalin and fluometuron and postemergence fluometuron use was monitored. Pendimethalin runoff was greater under CT than ST due to strong pendimethalin soil sorption and higher erosion and runoff under CT. The highest losses, 1.3% of applied in CT and 0.22% of applied in ST, were observed during rainfall simulations conducted 1 DAT. Fluometuron runoff from natural rainfall was substantially lower from ST than from CT plots but the trend was reversed in rainfall simulations. In all studies, fluometuron runoff was also relatively low (10 Rg L-1 in the early leachate. The leaching was greater following shank injection than drip application, with an overall potential of 33 g ha(-1) for shank injection and 19 g ha(-1) for drip application. Persistent residues of MeI remaining in soils after leaching were 50 to 240 ng kg(-1), and the contents were slightly higher following shank injection than drip application. The results suggest that fumigation with MeI may pose a risk of ground water contamination in vulnerable areas. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Guo, MX (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM mingxin.guo@ucr.edu NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2149 EP 2156 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900020 PM 15537937 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Guo, MX AF Zheng, W Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Guo, MX TI Effect of combined application of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin on their transformation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID METAM-SODIUM; ALTERNATIVE FUMIGANTS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; SOIL; BROMIDE; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; DEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE AB Combining several soil fumigants to increase the broad spectrum of pest control is a common fumigation practice in current production agriculture. In this study, we investigated the effect of combined application of chloropicrin and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) on their transformations and persistence in the environment. In aqueous solution, no direct reaction between MITC and chloropicrin occurred and relatively slow rates of hydrolysis of these compounds were observed in aquatic environments free of suspended solids. The transformation of chloropicrin, however, was accelerated in aqueous solution with MITC because of a reduction reaction with bisulfide (HS-), which is a by-product of MITC hydrolysis. In soil, when fumigants were applied simultaneously, the degradation of MITC was suppressed under the bi-fumigant application due to the inhibition of soil microbial activity and a possible abiotic competition with chloropicrin for a limited number of reaction sites on the surface of soil particles. However, the degradation rate of chloropicrin was significantly enhanced in the bi-fumigant soil system, which was primarily attributed to the reaction of chloropicrin and HS-. Two sequential application approaches were developed to investigate the feasibility of the combined application of metam sodium (parent compound of MITC) and chloropicrin in soil and assess their potential effects on environmental fate. For both application sequences, the degradation of chloropicrin was accelerated and that of MITC, as a major breakdown product of metam sodium, was inhibited in soil. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 62507 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Wzheng@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2157 EP 2164 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900021 PM 15537938 ER PT J AU Zheng, FL Huang, CH Norton, LD AF Zheng, FL Huang, CH Norton, LD TI Surface water quality - Effects of near-surface hydraulic gradients on nitrate and phosphorus losses in surface runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EROSION PROCESSES; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN; EUTROPHICATION; MANAGEMENT; UPLAND AB Phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N) in runoff from agricultural fields are key components of nonpoint-source pollution and can accelerate eutrophication of surface waters. A laboratory study was designed to evaluate effects of near-surface hydraulic gradients on P and N losses in surface runoff from soil pans at 5% slope under simulated rainfall. Experimental treatments included three rates of fertilizer input (control [no fertilizer input], low [40 kg P ha(-1), 100 kg N ha(-1)], and high [80 kg P ha(-1), 200 kg N ha(-1)]) and four near-surface hydraulic gradients (free drainage [FD], saturation [Sa], artesian seepage without rain [Sp], and artesian seepage with rain [Sp + R]). Simulated rainfall of 50 min h(-1) was applied for 90 min. The results showed that near-surface hydraulic gradients have dramatic effects on NO3-N and PO4-P losses and runoff water quality. Under the low fertilizer treatment, the average concentrations in surface runoff from FD, Sa, Sp, and Sp + R were 0.08, 2.20, 529.5, and 71.8 mg L-1 for NO3-N and 0.11, 0.54, 0.91, and 0.72 mg L-1 for PO,P, respectively. Similar trends were observed for the concentrations of NO3-N and PO4-P under the high fertilizer treatment. The total NO3-N loss under the FD treatment was only 0.01% of the applied nitrogen, while under the Sp and Sp + R treatments, the total NO3-N loss was 11 to 16% of the applied nitrogen. These results show that artesian seepage could make a significant contribution to water quality problems. C1 CAS & MWR, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zheng, FL (reprint author), CAS & MWR, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, 26 Xinong Rd, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM flzh@ms.iswc.ac.cn NR 24 TC 26 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2174 EP 2182 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900023 PM 15537940 ER PT J AU DeLaune, PB Moore, PA Carman, DK Sharpley, AN Haggard, BE Daniel, TC AF DeLaune, PB Moore, PA Carman, DK Sharpley, AN Haggard, BE Daniel, TC TI Development of a phosphorus index for pastures fertilized with poultry litter - Factors affecting phosphorus runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; NUTRIENT RUNOFF; BROILER LITTER; MANURE; ALUMINUM; QUALITY; PHYTASE; WATER; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Currently, several state and federal agencies are proposing upper limits on soil test phosphorus (P), above which animal manures cannot be applied, based on the assumption that high P concentrations in runoff are due to high soil test P. Recent studies show that other factors are more indicative of P concentrations in runoff from areas where manure is being applied. The original P index was developed as an alternative P management tool incorporating factors affecting both the source and transport of P. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of multiple variables on P concentrations in runoff water and to construct a P source component of a P index for pastures that incorporates these effects. The evaluated variables were: (i) soil test P, (ii) soluble P in poultry litter, (iii) P in poultry diets, (iv) fertilizer type, and (v) poultry litter application rate. Field studies with simulated rainfall showed that P runoff was affected by the amount of soluble P applied in the fertilizer source. Before manure applications, soil test P was directly related to soluble P concentrations in runoff water. However, soil test P had little effect on P runoff after animal manure was applied. Unlike most other P indices, weighting factors of the P source components in the P index for pastures are based on results from runoff studies conducted under various management scenarios. As a result, weighting factors for the P source potential variables are well justified. A modification of the P index using scientific data should strengthen the ability of the P index concept to evaluate locations and management alternatives for P losses. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Water Management Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP DeLaune, PB (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM pdelaun@uark.edu NR 54 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2183 EP 2191 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900024 PM 15537941 ER PT J AU DeLaune, PB Moore, PA Carman, DK Sharpley, AN Haggard, BE Daniel, TC AF DeLaune, PB Moore, PA Carman, DK Sharpley, AN Haggard, BE Daniel, TC TI Evaluation of the phosphorus source component in the phosphorus index for pastures SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; LITTER; SCALE AB A phosphorus (P) index for pastures was developed to write nutrient management plans that determine how much P can be applied to a given field. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate and compare the P index for pastures, particularly the P source component, and an environmental threshold soil test P level by conducting rainfall simulations on contrasting soils under various management scenarios; and (ii) evaluate the P index for pastures on field-scale watersheds. Poultry litter was applied to 12 small plots on each of six farms based on either an environmental threshold soil test P level or on the P index for pastures, and P runoff was evaluated using rainfall simulators. The P index was also evaluated from two small (0.405 ha) watersheds that had been fertilized annually with poultry litter since 1995. Results from the small plot study showed that soil test P alone was a poor predictor of P concentrations in runoff water following poultry litter applications. The relationship between P in runoff and the amount of soluble P applied was highly significant. Furthermore, P concentrations in runoff from plots with and without litter applications were significantly correlated to P index values. Studies on pastures receiving natural rainfall and annual poultry litter applications indicated that the P index for pastures predicted P loss accurately without calibration (y = 1.16x - 0.23, r(2) = 0.83). These data indicate that the P index for pastures can accurately assess the risk of P loss from fields receiving poultry litter applications in Arkansas and provide a more realistic risk assessment than threshold soil test P levels. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Water Management Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP DeLaune, PB (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM pdelaun@uark.edu NR 27 TC 52 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2192 EP 2200 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900025 PM 15537942 ER PT J AU Schroeder, PD Radcliffe, DE Cabrera, ML AF Schroeder, PD Radcliffe, DE Cabrera, ML TI Rainfall timing and poultry litter application rate effects on phosphorus loss in surface runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BROILER LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; REACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; SOIL; FERTILIZER; NITROGEN; MANURE AB Phosphorus (P) in runoff from pastures amended with poultry litter may be a significant contributor to eutrophication of lakes and streams in Georgia and other areas in the southeastern United States. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of litter application rate and initial runoff timing on the long-term loss of P in runoff from surface-applied poultry litter and to develop equations that predict P loss in runoff under these conditions. Litter application rates of 2, 7, and 13 Mg ha(-1), and three rainfall scenarios applied to 1- X 2-m plots in a 3 X 3 randomized complete block design with three replications. The rainfall scenarios included (i) sufficient rainfall to produce runoff immediately after litter application; (ii) no rainfall for 30 d after litter application; and (iii) small rainfall events every 7 d (5 min at 75 mm h(-1)) for 30 d. Phosphorus loss was greatest from the high litter rate and immediate runoff treatments. Nonlinear regression equations based on the small plot study produced fairly accurate (r(2) = 0.52-0.62) prediction of P concentrations in runoff water from larger (0.75 ha) fields over a 2-yr period. Predicted P concentrations were closest to observed values for events that occurred shortly after litter application, and the relative error in predictions increased with time after litter application. In addition, previously developed equations relating soil test P levels to runoff P concentrations were ineffective in the presence of surface-applied litter. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Schroeder, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM schroeder@nstl.gov NR 36 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2201 EP 2209 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900026 PM 15537943 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Moore, PA Miles, DM Haggard, BE Daniel, TC AF Smith, DR Moore, PA Miles, DM Haggard, BE Daniel, TC TI Decreasing phosphorus runoff losses from land-applied poultry litter with dietary modifications and alum addition SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS; SWINE MANURE; AMENDMENTS; CHLORIDE AB Phosphorus (P) losses from pastures fertilized with poultry litter contribute to the degradation of surface water quality in the United States. Dietary modification and manure amendments may reduce potential P runoff losses from pastures. In the current study, broilers were fed a normal diet, phytase diet, high available phosphorus (HAP) corn diet, or HAP corn + phytase diet. Litter treatments were untreated control and alum added at 10% by weight between flocks. Phytase and HAP corn diets reduced litter dissolved P content in poultry litter by 10 and 35%, respectively, compared with the normal diet (789 mg P kg(-1)). Alum treatment of poultry litter reduced the amount of dissolved P by 47%, while a 74% reduction was noted after alum treatment of litter from the HAP corn + phytase diet. The P concentrations in runoff water were highest from plots receiving poultry litter from the normal diet, whereas plots receiving poultry litter from phytase and HAP corn diets had reduced P concentrations. The addition of alum to the various poultry litters reduced P runoff by 52 to 69%; the greatest reduction occurred when alum was used in conjunction with HAP corn and phytase. This study demonstrates the potential added benefits of using dietary modification in conjunction with manure amendments in poultry operations. Integrators and producers should consider the use of phytase, HAP corn, and alum to reduce potential P losses associated with poultry litter application to pastures. C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM drsmith@purdue.edu NR 23 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2210 EP 2216 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900027 PM 15537944 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Torbert, HA Haggard, BE Haney, R Dozier, M AF Harmel, RD Torbert, HA Haggard, BE Haney, R Dozier, M TI Water quality impacts of converting to a poultry litter fertilization strategy SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; BROILER LITTER; SURFACE RUNOFF; CLAY SOILS; MANURE; NITROGEN; LOSSES; MANAGEMENT; PASTURE; SCALE AB When improperly managed, land application of animal manures can harm the environment; however, limited watershed-scale runoff water quality data are available to research and address this issue. The water quality impacts of conversion to poultry litter fertilization on cultivated and pasture watersheds in the Texas Blackland Prairie were evaluated in this three-year study. Edge-of-field N and P concentrations and loads in surface runoff from new litter application sites were compared with losses under inorganic fertilization. The impact on downstream nutrient loss was also examined. In the fallow year with no fertilizer application, nutrient losses averaged 3 kg N ha(-1) and 0.9 kg P ha(-1) for the cultivated watersheds and were below 0.1 kg ha(-1) for the pasture watersheds. Following litter application, PO4 -P concentrations in runoff were positively correlated to litter application rate and Mehlich-3 soil P levels. Following litter application, NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations in runoff were typically greater from cultivated watersheds, but PO4-P concentrations were greater for the pasture watersheds. Total N and P loads from the pasture watersheds (0.2 kg N ha(-1) and 0.7 kg P ha(-1)) were significantly lower than from the cultivated watersheds (32 kg N ha(-1) and 5 kg P ha(-1)) partly due to lower runoff volumes from the pasture watersheds. Downstream N and P concentrations and per-area loads were much lower than from edge-of-field watersheds. Results demonstrate that a properly managed annual litter application (4.5 Mg ha(-1) or less depending on litter N and P content) with supplemental N should supply necessary nutrients without detrimental water quality impacts. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM dharmel@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 45 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2229 EP 2242 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900029 PM 15537946 ER PT J AU Fox, GA Malone, R Sabbagh, GJ Rojas, K AF Fox, GA Malone, R Sabbagh, GJ Rojas, K TI Interrelationship of macropores and subsurface drainage for conservative tracer and pesticide transport SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL TILL SOIL; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; MODEL; WATER; SIMULATION; COMPONENT; RZWQM AB Macropore flow results in the rapid movement of pesticides to subsurface drains, which may be caused in part by a small portion of macropores directly connected to drains. However, current models fail to account for this direct connection. This research investigated the interrelationship between macropore flow and subsurface drainage on conservative solute and pesticide transport using the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM). Potassium bromide tracer and isoxaflutole, the active ingredient in BALANCE herbicide [(5-cyclopropyl-4-isoxazolyl) [2(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] methanone], with average half-life of 1.7 d were applied to a 30.4-ha Indiana corn (Zea mays L.) field. Water flow and chemical concentrations emanating from the drains were measured from two samplers. Model predictions of drain now after minimal calibration reasonably matched observations (slope = 1.03, intercept = 0.01, and R-2 = 0.75). Without direct hydraulic connection of macropores to drains, RZWQM under predicted bromide and isoxaflutole concentration during the first measured peak after application (e.g., observed isoxaflutole concentration was between 1.2 and 1.4 mug L-1, RZWQM concentration was 0.1 mug L-1). This research modified RZWQM to include an express fraction relating the percentage of macropores in direct hydraulic connection to drains. The modified model captured the first measured peak in bromide and isoxaflutole concentrations using an express fraction of 2% (e.g., simulated isoxaflutole concentration increased to 1.7 mug L-1). The RZWQM modified to include a macropore express fraction more accurately simulates chemical movement through macropores to subsurface drains. An express fraction is required to match peak concentrations in subsurface drains shortly after chemical applications. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Bayer CropSci Res Pk, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, 208 Carrier Hall,POB 1848, University, MS 38677 USA. EM gafox@olemiss.edu NR 28 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2281 EP 2289 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900034 PM 15537951 ER PT J AU Hunt, PG Matheny, TA Stone, KC AF Hunt, PG Matheny, TA Stone, KC TI Denitrification in a coastal plain riparian zone contiguous to a heavily loaded swine wastewater spray field SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITRATE DEPLETION; WETLAND; FOREST; STREAM; MOVEMENT; DYNAMICS; DRAINAGE; REMOVAL; QUALITY; PASTURE AB Riparian zones are recognized as landscape features that buffer streams from pollutants, particularly nitrogen. The objectives of this experiment were to (i) assess denitrification activity within a riparian zone and (ii) determine the influence of physical, chemical, and landscape features on denitrification. This experiment was conducted from 1994 to 1997 in North Carolina on a riparian zone contiguous to a spray field that was heavily loaded with swine lagoon wastewater. Denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) was measured on soils collected from (i) the soil surface, (ii) midway between the soil surface and water table, and (iii) above the water table. The DEA ranged from 3 to 1660 mug N2O-N kg(-1) soil h(-1). The DEA was highest next to the stream and lowest next to the spray field. Nitrate was found to be the limiting factor for denitrification. The DEA generally decreased with soil depth; means for the surface, middle, and bottom depths were 147,83, and 67 mug N2O-N kg(-1)soil h(-1), respectively. These DEA values are higher than those reported for riparian zones adjoining cropland of the southeastern United States, but are lower than those reported for a constructed wetland used for treatment of swine wastewater. Regression analysis indicated that soil total nitrogen was the highest single factor correlated to DEA (r(2) = 0.65). The inclusion of water table depth, soil depth, and distance from the spray field improved the R-2 to 0.86. This riparian zone possessed sufficient soil area with high denitrifying conditions to be a significant factor in the removal of excess nitrogen in the ground water. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Hunt@florence.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2367 EP 2374 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900043 PM 15537960 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Turner, BL Thacker, PA AF Leytem, AB Turner, BL Thacker, PA TI Phosphorus composition of manure from swine fed low-phytate grains: Evidence for hydrolysis in the animal SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PHYTIC-ACID; FINISHING PIGS; DIGESTIBILITY; CORN; PHENOTYPE; SORPTION; CALCIUM; DIETS; SOILS AB Including low-phytic-acid grains in swine diets can reduce P concentrations in manure, but the influence on manure P composition is relatively unknown. To address this we analyzed manure from swine fed one of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties. The barley types consisted of wild-type barley (CDC bold, normal barley diet) and three low-phytic-acid mutant barleys that contained similar amounts of total P but less phytic acid. The phytic acid concentrations in the mutant barleys were reduced by 32% (M422), 59% (M635), and 97% (M955) compared with that in the wild-type barley, respectively. Phosphorus concentrations were approximately one-third less in manures from animals fed low-phytic-acid barleys compared with those fed the wild-type variety. Phytic acid constituted up to 55% of the P in feed, but only trace concentrations were detected in NaOH-EDTA extracts of all manures by solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Phosphate was the major P fraction in the manures (86-94% extracted P), with small concentrations of pyrophosphate and simple phosphate monoesters also present. The latter originated mainly from the hydrolysis of phospholipids during extraction and analysis. These results suggest that phytic acid is hydrolyzed in swine, possibly in the hind gut by intestinal microflora before being excreted in feces, even though the animals have little phytase activity in the gut and derive little nutritional benefit from phytate P. We conclude that feeding low-phytic-acid grains reduces total manure P concentrations and the manure P is no more soluble than P generated from normal barley diets. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM leytem@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 NR 21 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2380 EP 2383 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WW UT WOS:000225240900045 PM 15537962 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, RJ Luo, YG Ruiz-Cruz, S McEvoy, JL AF Gonzalez, RJ Luo, YG Ruiz-Cruz, S McEvoy, JL TI Efficacy of sanitizers to inactivate Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on fresh-cut carrot shreds under simulated process water conditions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ACID TOLERANCE; VEGETABLES; DISINFECTANT; SURVIVAL; LETTUCE AB Chlorine is widely used as a sanitizer to maintain the microbial quality and safety of fresh-cut produce; however, chlorine treatment lacks efficacy on pathogen reduction, especially when the fresh-cut processing water contains heavy organic loads. A more efficacious sanitizer that can tolerate the commercial processing conditions is needed to maintain microbial safety of fresh-cut produce. This Study evaluated the efficacy of Escherichia coli O157:H7 reduction on fresh-cut carrots using new and traditional sanitizers with tap water and fresh-cut processing water scenarios. Fresh-cut carrot shreds inoculated with E. Coli O157:H7 were washed in sanitizer solutions including 200 ppm chlorine, citric acid-based sanitizer (Pro-San), 80 ppm peroxyacefic acid-based sanitizer (Tsunami 100), and 1,000 ppm acidified sodium chlorite (SANOVA) prepared in fresh tap water or simulated processing water with a chemical oxygen demand level of approximately 3,500 mg/liter. Samples were packaged and stored at 5degreesC. Microbial analyses performed at days 0, 7, and 14 indicate that the organic load in the process water significantly affected the efficacy of chlorine on pathogen removal and was especially evident on samples tested during storage. Acidified sodium chlorite provided a strong pathogen reduction even under process water conditions with up to a 5.25-log reduction when compared with the no-wash control. E. coli O157:H7 was not recovered on acidified sodium chlorite-treated samples during the entire 14 days of storage, even following an enrichment step. These results suggest that acidified sodium chlorite holds considerable promise as an alternative sanitizer of fresh-cut produce. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55425 USA. Ctr Res Food & Dev, Hort Prod & Cereal Technol, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002,Room 117, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luoy@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 19 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 67 IS 11 BP 2375 EP 2380 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 868VD UT WOS:000224940200004 PM 15553615 ER PT J AU Dunn Jr Keen, JE Del Vecchio, R Wittum, TE Thompson, RA AF Dunn, JR Keen, JE Del Vecchio, R Wittum, TE Thompson, RA TI Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in a cohort of weaned, preconditioned range beef calves SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAYS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FEEDLOT CATTLE; PREVALENCE; O157H7; FOOD; IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC O157) is an important cause of foodborne disease. Cattle are reservoirs for the bacteria and are implicated in transmission to humans. Prevalence data in prefeedlot calves are limited. With the use of sensitive methods, a cohort of weaned beef calves (n 408) was sampled before and after preconditioning to estimate fecal point prevalence and describe changes in EC O157 fecal shedding. EC O157 isolates were confirmed and characterized by PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Calves from 29 cow-calf farms were commingled at three preconditioning sites and placed on a transition ration containing oxytetracycline (200 g/ton) for 45 days. Initial animal-level fecal point prevalence was 2.5% (95% confidence interval, 1 to 5) with a herd-level prevalence of 17.2% (95% confidence interval, 6 to 36). Point prevalence following the preconditioning feeding period was 0%. An unexpected finding in our study was EC O157 isolates that were Shiga toxin-deficient. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtypes of EC O157 were unique in epidemiologically unlinked herds, except one herd that had two unique subtypes. We expected, but observed, neither increased fecal shedding in the cohort nor horizontal transmission of unique EC O157 subtypes. The absence of fecal shedding following the 45-day feeding period might be attributable to seasonal influences, inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline in the transition ration, or transient colonization that ended before sampling. EC O157 is apparently widely dispersed at low prevalence in U.S. prefeedlot, weaned calves. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70703 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dunn Jr (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jp_dunn@msn.com NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 67 IS 11 BP 2391 EP 2396 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 868VD UT WOS:000224940200007 PM 15553618 ER PT J AU Gorski, L Palumbo, JD Nguyen, KD AF Gorski, L Palumbo, JD Nguyen, KD TI Strain-specific differences in the attachment of Listeria monocytogenes to alfalfa sprouts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; OUTBREAK; VIRULENCE; SEEDS AB Contamination of fresh produce with Listeria monocytogenes has resulted in outbreaks of systemic listeriosis and febrile gastroenteritis. Recalls of alfalfa sprouts have occurred due to contamination with L. monocytogenes. Alfalfa sprouts were used as a preharvest model to study the interaction with this human pathogen. Seventeen strains were assessed for their capacity to colonize alfalfa sprouts, and strain-specific differences (not related to source, serotype, or lineage) were revealed when the sprout irrigation water was changed daily. Two of the strains colonized and attached to the sprouts very well, reaching levels of more than 5 log CFU per sprout. The remaining strains varied in their final levels on sprouts between less than 1 to 4.7 log CFU per sprout. All of the L. monocytogenes strains grew to equivalent levels on the sprouts when the irrigation water was not changed, suggesting the differences observed with regular changing of the water resulted from differences in attachment. Further analysis of the best colonizing strains indicated that only between 0.3 and 1 log CFU per sprout could be removed by additional washing of the sprout, and the presence of normal sprout bacteria did not compete with the L. monocytogenes strains on the sprouts. The poorest colonizing strain was able to grow in the irrigation water during the experiment but could not attach to the sprouts. Microscopic examination of the sprouts with L. monocytogenes expressing the green fluorescent protein indicated that L. monocytogenes was associated with the root hairs of the sprouting alfalfa, with few to no cells visible elsewhere on the sprout. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gorski, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lgorski@pw.usda.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 67 IS 11 BP 2488 EP 2495 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 868VD UT WOS:000224940200021 PM 15553632 ER PT J AU Borucki, MK Reynolds, J Gay, CC McElwain, KL Kim, SH Knowles, DP Hu, JX AF Borucki, MK Reynolds, J Gay, CC McElwain, KL Kim, SH Knowles, DP Hu, JX TI Dairy farm reservoir of Listeria monocytogenes sporadic and epidemic strains SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; UNITED-STATES; FOOD AB Identifying the reservoirs of a pathogen is vital for control of sporadic disease and epidemics. Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic foodborne pathogen that is responsible for 28% of food-related deaths in the United States annually, as well as a major cause of massive product recalls worldwide. To examine the role of the dairy farm as a potential source or reservoir for L. monocytogenes subtypes shown to cause human listeriosis, we compared the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) restriction enzyme digestion profiles of L. monocytogenes dairy farm-associated strains (milk, environmental, and bovine) to human sporadic and epidemic disease strains. Twenty-three percent of human sporadic strains had PFGE patterns identical to that of farm isolate(s). Additionally, three farm environmental strains and one human sporadic strain had a PFGE pattern identical to a strain of L. monocytogenes responsible for the 1985 California epidemic. These data indicate that this epidemic strain continues to cause sporadic human illness and has a potential dairy farm as a reservoir. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Field Dis Invest Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Dept Hlth, Shoreline, WA 98155 USA. RP Borucki, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mborucki@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 20 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 67 IS 11 BP 2496 EP 2499 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 868VD UT WOS:000224940200022 PM 15553633 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Stahl, CH Edrington, TS Genovese, KJ Lincoln, LM Anderson, RC Lonergan, SM Poole, TL Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, TR Stahl, CH Edrington, TS Genovese, KJ Lincoln, LM Anderson, RC Lonergan, SM Poole, TL Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ TI Colicin concentrations inhibit growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in vitro SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL-FORMING COLICINS; INCLUDING O157-H7; BEEF-CATTLE; PREVALENCE; CELLS; PATHOGENS; SEROTYPES; STRAINS; IMPORT; HIDES AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a virulent foodborne pathogen that causes severe human illness and inhabits the intestinal tract of food animals. Colicins are antimicrobial proteins produced by E. coli strains that inhibit or kill other E. coli. In the present study, the efficacy of three pore-forming colicins (E1, N, and A) were quantified in vitro against E. coli O157:H7 strains 86-24 and 933. Colicins El and N reduced the growth of E. coli O157:H7 strains, but the efficacy of each colicin varied among strains. Colicin El was more effective against both strains of E. coli O157:H7 than colicins A and N and reduced (P < 0.05) populations of E. coli O157:H7 at concentrations <0.1 mug/ml. These potent antimicrobial proteins may potentially provide an effective and environmentally sound preharvest strategy to reduce E. coli O157:H7 in food animals. C1 So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu RI Lonergan, Steven/O-6233-2016 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 67 IS 11 BP 2603 EP 2607 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 868VD UT WOS:000224940200037 PM 15553648 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Cox, NA Harrison, MA AF Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Cox, NA Harrison, MA TI Identification of Enterobacteriaceae from washed and unwashed commercial shell eggs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION AB To evaluate the effect of processing on the safety and quality of retail shell eggs, a storage study was conducted with unwashed and commercially washed eggs. This work demonstrated that commercial processing decreased microbial contamination of eggshells. To know which species persisted during storage on washed or unwashed eggs, Enterobacteriaceae isolates were selected and identified biochemically. For each of three replications, shell eggs were purchased from a commercial processing plant, transported back to the laboratory, and stored at 4degreesC. Once a week for 6 weeks, 12 eggs for each treatment (washed and unwashed control) were rinsed in sterile phosphate-buffered saline. A 1-ml aliquot of each sample was plated onto violet red bile glucose agar with overlay and incubated at 37degreesC for 24 h. Following incubation, plates were observed for colonies characteristic of the family Enterobacteriaceae. A maximum of 10 isolates per positive sample were streaked for isolation before being identified to the genus or species level using commercially available biochemical strips. Although most of the isolates from the unwashed control eggs belonged to the genera Escherichia or Enterobacter, many other genera and species were identified. These included Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Pantoea, Providencia, Rahnella, Salmonella, Serratia, and Yersinia. Non-Enterobacteriaceae also recovered from the unwashed egg samples included Xanthomonas and Flavimonas. Very few washed egg samples were contaminated with any of these bacteria. These data provide useful information on the effectiveness of processing in removing microorganisms from commercial shell eggs. C1 Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mmusgrov@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 67 IS 11 BP 2613 EP 2616 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 868VD UT WOS:000224940200039 PM 15553650 ER PT J AU Fan, X Niemira, BA Rajkowski, KT Phillips, J Sommers, CH AF Fan, X Niemira, BA Rajkowski, KT Phillips, J Sommers, CH TI Sensory evaluation of irradiated ground beef patties for the National School Lunch Program SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ground beef; ionizing radiation; sensory evaluation; schools ID PACKAGING CONDITIONS; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; STORAGE AB The 2002 Farm Bill allows irradiated ground beef to be distributed in the Natl. School Lunch Program (NSLP). Sensory properties of irradiated ground beef specified for the NSLP were evaluated. Frozen ground beef patties with 15% fat content were either not irradiated or irradiated at doses of 1.35 and 3.0 kGy. Aroma, taste, aftertaste, and texture as well as overall liking of cooked patties after 0 and 6 mo of storage were evaluated using nontrained panels. Results showed that irradiation had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the ratings of any of the sensory attributes either at 0 or after 6 mo of storage. Average ratings of liking of aroma, taste, aftertaste, and overall were higher at 6 mo than at 0 mo. C1 USDA, ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, X (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 BP S384 EP S387 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 882SY UT WOS:000225959800043 ER PT J AU Goens, SD Botero, S Zemla, A Zhou, CE Perdue, ML AF Goens, SD Botero, S Zemla, A Zhou, CE Perdue, ML TI Bovine enterovirus 2: complete genomic sequence and molecular modelling of a reference strain and a wild-type isolate from endemically infected US cattle SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION; VIRUS; INACTIVATION; FEATURES; REGIONS; MANURE; CALF AB Bovine enteroviruses are members of the family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus. Whilst little is known about their pathogenic potential, they are apparently endemic in some cattle and cattle environments. Only one of the two current serotypes has been sequenced completely. In this report, the entire genome sequences of bovine enterovirus 2 (BEV-2) strain PS87 and a recent isolate from an endemically infected herd in Maryland, USA (Wye3A) are presented. The recent isolate clearly segregated phylogenetically with sequences representing the BEV-2 serotype, as did other isolates from the endemic herd. The Wye3A isolate shared 82% nucleotide sequence identity with the PS87 strain and 68% identity with a BEV-1 strain (VG5-27). Comparison of BEV-2 and BEV-1 deduced protein sequences revealed 72-73% identity and showed that most differences were single amino acid changes or single deletions, with the exception of the VP1 protein, where both BEV-2 sequences were 7 aa shorter than that of BEV-1. Homology modelling of the capsid proteins of BEV-2 against protein database entries for picornaviruses indicated six significant differences among bovine enteroviruses and other members of the family Picornaviridae. Five of these were on the 'rim' of the proposed enterovirus receptor-binding site or 'canyon' (VP1) and one was near the base of the canyon (VP3). Two of these regions varied enough to distinguish BEV-2 from BEV-1 strains. This is the first report and analysis of full-length sequences for BEV-2. Continued analysis of these wild-type strains should yield useful information for genotyping enteroviruses and modelling enterovirus capsid structure. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Comp Applicat & Res Dept, Bioinformat Chem & Biol Nat Secur Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Perdue, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mperdue@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 85 BP 3195 EP 3203 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80159-0 PN 11 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 866JI UT WOS:000224769400003 PM 15483232 ER PT J AU Havey, MJ Park, YH Bartoszewski, G AF Havey, MJ Park, YH Bartoszewski, G TI The Psm locus controls paternal sorting of the cucumber mitochondrial genome SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID PLASTID INHERITANCE; CHLOROPLAST GENOME; BIPARENTAL INHERITANCE; MATERNAL INHERITANCE; MALE-STERILITY; PLANTS; MAIZE; DNA; TRANSMISSION; GENE AB The mitochondrial genome of cucumber shows paternal transmission and there are no reports of variation for mitochondrial transmission in cucumber. We used a mitochondrially encoded mosaic (MSC) phenotype to reveal phenotypic variation for mitochondrial-genome transmission in cucumber. At least 10 random plants from each of 71 cucumber plant introductions (PIs) were crossed as the female with an inbred line (MSC16) possessing the MSC phenotype. Nonmosaic F-1 progenies were observed at high frequencies (greater than 50%) in F-1 families from 10 PIs, with the greatest proportions being from PI 401734. Polymorphisms near the mitochondrial cox1 gene and JLV5 region revealed that nonmosaic hybrid progenies from crosses of PI 401734 with MSC16 as the male possessed the nonmosaic-inducing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the paternal parent. F-2, F-3, and backcross progenies from nonmosaic F-1 plants from PI 401734 x MSC16 were testcrossed with MSC16 as the male parent to reveal segregation of a nuclear locus (Psm for Paternal sorting of mitochondria) controlling sorting of mtDNA from the paternal parent. Psm is a unique locus at which the maternal genotype affects sorting of paternally transmitted mtDNA. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Agr Univ Warsaw, Fac Hort & Landscape Architecture, Dept Plant Genet Breeding & Biotechnol, PL-02787 Warsaw, Poland. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Bartoszewski, Grzegorz/B-2211-2012; Bartoszewski, Grzegorz/M-8458-2016 OI Bartoszewski, Grzegorz/0000-0002-6197-770X NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 95 IS 6 BP 492 EP 497 DI 10.1093/jhered/esh081 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 862HV UT WOS:000224482500004 PM 15475394 ER PT J AU Ellis, JD Hepburn, R Elzen, PJ AF Ellis, JD Hepburn, R Elzen, PJ TI Confinement behavior of Cape honey bees (Apis mellifera capensis Esch.) in relation to population densities of small hive beetles (Aethina tumida Murray) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE confinement; Apis mellifera capensis; Aethina tumida; A. tumida behavior; guard bee behavior; small hive beetles ID SOCIAL ENCAPSULATION; EUROPEAN HONEYBEES AB We quantified the effects of increasing small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray) populations on guarding behavior of Cape honey bees ( Apis mellifera capensis, an African subspecies). We found more confinement sites ( prisons) at the higher ( 50 beetles per colony) rather than lower ( 25 beetles per colony) beetle density. The number of beetles per prison did not change with beetle density. There were more guard bees per beetle during evening than morning. Neither guard bee nor beetle behavior varied with beetle density or over time. Forty-six percent of all beetles were found among the combs at the low beetle density and this increased to 58% at the higher one. In neither instance were beetles causing depredation to host colonies. Within the limits of the experiment, guarding behavior of Cape honey bees is relatively unaffected by increasing beetle density ( even if significant proportions of beetles reach the combs). C1 Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Ellis, JD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Biol Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jdellis@uga.edu RI Ellis, James/L-7985-2013 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 17 IS 6 BP 835 EP 842 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 873RU UT WOS:000225299400008 ER PT J AU Beckemeyer, EF Shirk, PD AF Beckemeyer, EF Shirk, PD TI Development of the larval ovary in the moth, Plodia interpunctella SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovary; cystoblast; cystocyte; ovariole; immuno-fluorescence; confocal microscopy; Indian meal moth ID ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN PROTEIN; INDIANMEAL MOTH; YOLK PROTEIN; GERM-CELLS; DROSOPHILA; VITELLOGENESIS; GROWTH; VASA; LOCALIZATION; LEPIDOPTERA AB The morphogenesis of ovaries and the organization of germ cells within them were visualized during the larval stages of the moth, Plodia interpunctella. The germ cells were observed by utilizing confocal microscopy coupled with immuno-fluorescent staining for the alpha-crystallin protein 25 (alphaCP25). The alphaCP25 was previously shown to be specific to germ cells of pupae and adults, and this study shows that alphaCP25 is present in larval germ cells as well. A cluster of 28 germ cells that stain for alphaCP25 was found in the gonads of newly hatched first instar larvae. The founding germ cells became segregated into four clusters, most likely by somatic cell intrusion, around the beginning of the second instar. Division of the primary germ cells began by the end of the second instar and the formation of all cystoblasts appeared to be completed within the four ovarioles by the end of the third instar. Within the ovarioles of third instar larvae, the germ cells were organized with a distal cap of seven germ cells which was segregated from the majority of the germ cells. The main body of germ cells was arranged around a central germ cell-free core as a spiral. Divisions of the cystoblasts to form cystocyte clusters were nearly completed during the fourth (last) larval instar. These features suggest that the strategy to produce follicles in moths is fundamentally different from the fruitfly, Drosophila. It appears that during the initial stages of ovary development in P. interpunctella, the primary germ cells undergo stage-complete divisions that are completed prior to the onset of the next set of divisions, which results in a complete complement of follicles available by the time of adult eclosion, while in Drosophila the primary germ cell divisions are initiated in the adult stage, and follicles are produced individually as resources are available. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Shirk, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM pshirk@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1045 EP 1051 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.09.005 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 888TV UT WOS:000226398000007 PM 15607507 ER PT J AU Lai, CQ Demissie, S Cupples, LA Zhu, YP Adiconis, X Parnell, LD Corella, D Ordovas, JM AF Lai, CQ Demissie, S Cupples, LA Zhu, YP Adiconis, X Parnell, LD Corella, D Ordovas, JM TI Influence of the APOA5 locus on plasma triglyceride, lipoprotein subclasses, and CVD risk in the Framingham Heart Study SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein A-V; triglycerides; cardiovascular disease risk; haplotype; remnant-like particles ID FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN AV GENE; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; HUMAN BLOOD-PLASMA; PARTICLE CHOLESTEROL; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; RICH LIPOPROTEINS; CLUSTER AB Several polymorphisms in the APOA5 gene have been associated with increased plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations. However, associations between APOA5 and lipoprotein subclasses, remnant-like particles (RLPs), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk have been less explored. We investigated associations of five APOA5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; -1131T>C, -3A>G, 56C>G IVS3+ 476G>A, and 1259T>C) with lipoprotein subfractions and CVD risk in 1,129 men and 1,262 women participating in the Framingham Heart Study. Except for the 56C>G SNP, the other SNPs were in significant linkage disequilibria, resulting in three haplotypes (11111, 22122, and 11211) representing 98% of the population. SNP analyses revealed that the -1131T>C and 56C>G SNPs were significantly associated with higher plasma TG concentrations in both men and women. For RLP and lipoprotein subclasses, we observed gender-specific association for the -1131T>C and 56C>G SNPs. Female carriers of the -1131C allele had higher RLP concentrations, whereas in males, significant associations for RLPs were observed for the 56G allele. Moreover, haplotype analyses confirmed these findings and revealed that the 22122 and 11211 haplotypes exhibited different associations with HDL cholesterol concentrations.jlr In women, the -1131C allele was associated with a higher hazard ratio for CVD (1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-3.34; P = 0.04), in agreement with the association of this SNP with higher RLPs. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Valencia, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. RP Lai, CQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chao.lai@tufts.edu OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-54776] NR 60 TC 122 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 45 IS 11 BP 2096 EP 2105 DI 10.1194/jlr.M400192-JLR200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 866LE UT WOS:000224774200016 PM 15342688 ER PT J AU Lundin, T Cramer, SM Falk, RH Felton, C AF Lundin, T Cramer, SM Falk, RH Felton, C TI Accelerated weathering of natural fiber-filled polyethylene composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The resistance of natural fiber-filled high-density polyethylene composite specimens to ultraviolet- (UV) and moisture-induced degradation was evaluated by measuring changes to flexural properties. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) served as the polymer matrix for four formulations: two formulations without fiber filler and two formulations one containing wood flour and the other containing kenaf fiber, each added at 50% by weight. Specimens were exposed for 4,000 h to UV radiation and moisture cycling in a laboratory weathering device to simulate the effects of exposure to sunlight and rain. Modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were measured prior to and after specific exposure periods. The flexural modulus and strength decreased significantly with increasing exposure for both natural fiber-filled HDPEs, but these composites still outperformed composites without filler. To explore a practical means to predict the changes in flexural properties to observed physical changes, a two-layer elementary mechanics model consisting of a degraded surface layer and an unaffected core layer was considered. The model was only partially successful-it provided reasonable predictions of flexural strength but did not accurately predict modulus of elasticity. C1 Stantec Consulting, Struct Designer, Reno, NV 89511 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Teel Global Resource Technol LLC, Baraboo, WI 53913 USA. RP Lundin, T (reprint author), Stantec Consulting, Struct Designer, 6980 Sierra Ctr Pkwy,Suite 100, Reno, NV 89511 USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 547 EP 555 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:6(547) PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 871FI UT WOS:000225114800005 ER PT J AU White, WH Plummer, PR Kemper, CJ Miller, RJ Davey, RB Kemp, DH Hughes, S Smith, CK Gutierrez, JA AF White, WH Plummer, PR Kemper, CJ Miller, RJ Davey, RB Kemp, DH Hughes, S Smith, CK Gutierrez, JA TI In vitro larval immersion microassay for identifying and characterizing candidate acaricides SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acaricide; larval immersion; ixodid; bioassay; screening ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; STAR TICK ACARI; CATTLE TICK; ANNULATUS ACARI; EASTERN CAPE; SOUTH-AFRICA; IXODIDAE; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TESTS AB We have optimized a larval immersion microassay (LIM) that offers superior sensitivity, flexibility to accommodate multiple formulations, and a robust capability for rapidly screening many compounds with a minimal requirement of test article for evaluation. Dose-response studies were conducted for representative members from the organophosphate, pyrethroid, pyrazole, carbamate, macrocyclic lactone, and formamidine chemistries against Amblyomma americanum (L.). Time-response experiments revealed that permethrin was the most rapid acting, whereas fipronil had the slowest speed-of-kill against A. americanum. Comparison of drug susceptibility profiles between multiple ixodid ticks suggests that A. americanum is an effective model for predicting compound potency against Boophilus spp. in this bioassay. The LIM is suitable for the identification and characterization of active molecules from small- and medium-sized compound or natural product libraries, and it can be a useful tool to prioritize molecules for further in vivo testing in animal models. C1 Elanco Anim Hlth Res & Dev, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. CSIRO Livestock Ind, QBP, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Anim Res Inst, Queensland Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP White, WH (reprint author), Elanco Anim Hlth Res & Dev, 2001 W Main St, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1034 EP 1042 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.6.1034 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 873JB UT WOS:000225274700006 PM 15605642 ER PT J AU Vulkan, R Yermiyahu, U Mingelgrin, U Rytwo, G Kinraide, TB AF Vulkan, R Yermiyahu, U Mingelgrin, U Rytwo, G Kinraide, TB TI Sorption of copper and zinc to the plasma membrane of wheat root SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper; zinc; plasma membrane; root; organic acid; sorption ID SURFACE-CHARGE DENSITY; 9-AMINOACRIDINE FLUORESCENCE; ELECTRICAL POTENTIALS; CALCIUM-BINDING; CELL-WALLS; MAGNESIUM; VESICLES; RHIZOTOXICITY; ALUMINUM; ALLEVIATION AB Sorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ to the plasma membrane (PM) of wheat root (Triticum aestivum L cv. Scout 66) vesicles was measured at different pH values and in the presence of organic acids and other metals. The results were analyzed using a Gouy-Chapman-Stem model for competitive sorption (binding and electrostatic attraction) to a negative binding site. The binding constants for the two investigated cations as evaluated from the Sorption experiments were 5 M-1 for Zn2+ and 400 M-1 for Cu2+. Thus, the sorption affinity of Cn(2+) to the PM is considerably larger than that of Ca2+, Mg2+ Or Zn2+. The greater binding affinity Of Cu2+ was confirmed by experiments in which competition with La3+ for sorption sites was followed. The amount of sorbed Cu2+ decreased with increasing K+, Ca2+, or La3+ concentrations, suggesting that all these cations competed with Cu2+ for sorption at the PM binding sites, albeit with considerable differences among these cations in effectiveness as competitors with Cu2+. The sorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ to the PM decreased in the presence of citric acid or malic acid. Citric acid (as well as pH) affected the sorption of Cu2+ or Zn2+ to PM more strongly then did malic acid. C1 Agr Res Org, Gilat Res Ctr, IL-85280 DN Negev, Israel. Agr Res Org, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Tel Hai Acad Coll, Dept Biotechnol & Environm Sci, IL-12210 Upper Galilee, Israel. USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Yermiyahu, U (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Gilat Res Ctr, IL-85280 DN Negev, Israel. EM uri4@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2631 J9 J MEMBRANE BIOL JI J. Membr. Biol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 202 IS 2 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s00232-004-0722-7 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology GA 888NX UT WOS:000226382600004 PM 15702373 ER PT J AU Ghandour, H Chen, ZT Selhub, J Rozen, R AF Ghandour, H Chen, ZT Selhub, J Rozen, R TI Mice deficient in methylenetetrahydrofdate reductase exhibit tissue-specific distribution of Folates SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE folate distribution; methyltetrahydrofolate; formylated-folates; MTHFR deficiency ID COMMON MUTATION; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; COMBINED AFFINITY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; HOMOCYSTEINE; METHYLATION; RISK; GENE AB Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the synthesis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF), which is used for homocysteine remethylation to methionine, the precursor of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Impairment of MTHFR will increase homocysteine levels and compromise SAM-dependent methylation reactions. Mild MTHFR deficiency is common in many populations due to a polymorphism at bp 677. To assess how impaired MTHFR activity affects folate metabolism in various tissues in vivo, we used affinity/HPLC with electrochemical detection to analyze the distribution of folates in plasma, liver, and brain of Mthfr-deficient mice. The most pronounced difference in total folate was observed in plasma. In Mthfr -/- mice, plasma total folate levels were similar to25% of those in wild-type (Mthfr +/+) mice. Only 40% of plasma folate in Mthfr -/- mice was comprised of 5-methylTHF, compared with at least 80% in the other 2 genotype groups. In liver and brain, there were no differences in total folate. However, the proportion of 5-methylTHF in both tissues was again markedly reduced in mice with the Mthfr -/- genotype. In this genotype group, 5-methylTHF is likely derived from the diet. Our study demonstrated reduced total circulatory folate and altered distribution of folate derivatives in liver and brain in Mthfr deficiency. Decreased methylfolates and increased nonmethylfolates would affect the flux of one-carbon units between methylation reactions and nucleotide synthesis. This altered flux has implications for several common disorders, including cancer and vascular disease. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Dept Human Genet, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Dept Pediat, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. RP Rozen, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM rima.rozen@mcgill.ca NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 134 IS 11 BP 2975 EP 2978 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870HB UT WOS:000225047100015 PM 15514261 ER PT J AU Reid, M Forrester, T Badaloo, A Heird, WC Jahoor, F AF Reid, M Forrester, T Badaloo, A Heird, WC Jahoor, F TI Supplementation with aromatic amino acids improves leucine kinetics but not aromatic amino acid kinetics in infants with infection, severe malnutrition, and edema SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2003 Annual Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE leucine kinetics; aromatic amino acids; protein metabolism; edematous protein-energy malnutrition; stable isotope ID PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION; MALNOURISHED CHILDREN; ACUTE-PHASE; PLASMA; PHENYLALANINE AB We investigated whether supplementation with an aromatic amino acid (AAA) cocktail consisting of 0.5 mmol each of phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine compared with isonitrogenous amounts of alanine (Ala) would improve measures of protein kinetics in 14 (8 with AAA, 6 Ala) children with edematous malnutrition (aged 6-24 mo) during the infected acute malnourished state. Supplementation started immediately after the baseline experiment, 2 d postadmission and continued to the end of the acute phase of treatment. The second (post-supplementation) experiment was done similar to12 d postadmission. We measured leucine kinetics, phenylalanine and tyrosine fluxes, using an i.g. 8-h prime continuous infusion of H-2(3)-leucine, and an i.v. 6-h prime continuous infusion of C-13-leucine, H-2(2)-tyrosine, and H-2(5)-phenylalanine in the fed state. Leucine flux tended to be faster (P = 0.06) in the AAA group compared with Ala group after supplementation (mean difference +/- SEM): 22.6 +/- 10.9 mumol/(kg (.) h). The rate of leucine appearance from protein breakdown [28.1 +/- 9.4 mumol/(kg (.) h)] and the nonoxidative disposal of leucine [i.e., leucine to protein synthesis; 35.4 +/- 12.9 muLmol/(kg - h)] were faster (P < 0.02) in the AAA group than in the Ala group. There was no significant effect of supplementation on leucine splanchnic metabolism, phenylalanine, and tyrosine fluxes. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the blunting of the protein catabolic response to infection in children with edematous malnutrition syndrome is due to limited availability of aromatic amino acids. C1 Univ W Indies, Trop Metab Res Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Trop Metab Res Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. EM fjahoor@bcm.tmc.edu OI Reid, Marvin/0000-0003-4005-9384 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD 43224-01A1] NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3004 EP 3010 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870HB UT WOS:000225047100020 PM 15514266 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Moreno, C Cano, MP de Ancos, B Plaza, L Olmedilla, BA Granado, F Martin, A AF Sanchez-Moreno, C Cano, MP de Ancos, B Plaza, L Olmedilla, BA Granado, F Martin, A TI Consumption of high-pressurized vegetable soup increases plasma vitamin C and decreases oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vegetable soup; vitamin C; F(2)-isoprostanes; inflammation ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; SERUM URIC-ACID; IN-VIVO; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; UNITED-STATES; ORANGE JUICE; F-2-ISOPROSTANES; ADULTS; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Current evidence supports a significant association between fruit and vegetable intake and health. In this study, we assessed the effect of consuming a vegetable-soup "gazpacho" on vitamin C and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in a healthy human population. We also examined the association between vitamin C and F(2)-isoprostanes (8-epiPGF(2alpha)) uric acid (UA), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6. Gazpacho is a Mediterranean dish defined as a ready-to-use vegetable soup, containing similar to80% crude vegetables rich in vitamin C. Subjects (6 men, 6 women) enrolled in this study consumed 500 mL/d of gazpacho corresponding to an intake of 72 mg of vitamin C. On d 1, subjects consumed the gazpacho in one dose; from d 2 until the end of the study, d 14, 250 mL was consumed in the morning and 250 mL in the afternoon. Blood was collected before drinking the soup (baseline) and on d 7 and 14. Baseline plasma vitamin C concentrations did not differ between men and women (P = 0.060). Compared with baseline, the vitamin C concentration was significantly higher on d 7 and 14 of the intervention in both men and women (P < 0.05). Baseline plasma levels of UA and F(2)-isoprostanes were higher (P less than or equal to 0.002) in men than in women. The F(2)-isoprostanes decreased on d 14 in men and women (P less than or equal to 0.041), and UA decreased in men (P = 0.028). The concentrations of vitamin C and 8-epiPGF(2alpha). were inversely correlated (r = -0.585, P = 0.0002). Plasma PGE(2) and MCP-1 concentrations decreased in men and women (P less than or equal to 0.05) on d 14, but those of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 did not change. Consumption of the vegetable soup decreases oxidative stress and biomarkers of inflammation, which indicates that the protective effect of vegetables may extend beyond their antioxidant capacity. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CSIC, Inst Frio, Dept Plant Foods Sci & Technol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Clin Puerta Hierro, Sect Nutr, Unit Vitamins, Madrid, Spain. RP Martin, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM antonio.martin@tufts.edu RI Olmedilla-Alonso (OR Olmedilla), Begona/D-1337-2012; Granado, Fernando/D-1048-2011; De Ancos, Begona/H-5744-2012; Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/N-6798-2013 OI Olmedilla-Alonso (OR Olmedilla), Begona/0000-0002-4913-5171; Granado, Fernando/0000-0002-5561-7564; De Ancos, Begona/0000-0002-8890-7525; Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/0000-0002-2341-9328 NR 50 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3021 EP 3025 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870HB UT WOS:000225047100023 PM 15514269 ER PT J AU Hettiarachchi, M Hilmers, DC Liyanage, C Abrams, SA AF Hettiarachchi, M Hilmers, DC Liyanage, C Abrams, SA TI Na(2)EDTA enhances the absorption of iron and zinc from fortified rice flour in Sri Lankan children SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE fortification; rice flour; Sri Lanka; iron absorption; zinc absorption ID PHYTATE CONTENT; EDTA; FOOD; FORTIFICATION; SULFATE; HUMANS; MEALS; BRAN AB Rice flour was proposed as a vehicle for iron and zinc fortification in Sri Lanka. Although widely consumed, rice flour has not been evaluated as a fortified food, and the absorption of minerals including iron and zinc from this flour is unknown. Determination of the bioavailability of these nutrients is a critical step before commencing a fortification program. We randomly divided 53 Sri Lankan schoolchildren ages 6-10 y into 4 groups that consumed a local dish prepared with 25 g of fortified rice flour labeled with one of the following: 1) (FeSO4)-Fe-58 2) (FeSO4)-Fe-58 + Na(2)EDTA 3) (FeSO4)-Fe-58 + (ZnO)-Zn-67 or, 4) (FeSO4)-Fe-58 + Na(2)EDTA + (ZnO)-Zn-67. The levels of iron and zinc were 60 mg/kg; the rice flour also contained folate at 2 mg/kg in each group. Na(2)EDTA was added at a Fe:Na(2)EDTA, 1:1 molar ratio. A total of 48 children completed the trial. Absorption of Fe-58 from a meal was significantly greater (P < 0.01) in the groups administered FeSO4 + Na(2)EDTA (4.7 +/- 3.6%) than in those administered FeSO4 without Na(2)EDTA (2.2 +/- 1.3%). Fractional absorption of zinc was 13.5 +/- 6.0% in the FeSO4 + Na(2)EDTA group and 8.8 +/- 2.0% in the FeSO4 group (P = 0.037). Although zinc absorption was low, our results demonstrated a benefit in using Na(2)EDTA to improve both iron and zinc absorption. We conclude that the fortification of rice flour is feasible, although additional strategies such as dephytinization or an increase in the level of iron and zinc fortification should be considered to obtain a higher proportion of the daily requirement of total absorbed iron and zinc. C1 Univ Ruhuna, Fac Med, Nucl Med Unit, Galle, Sri Lanka. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Univ Ruhuna, Fac Med, Nucl Med Unit, Galle, Sri Lanka. EM sabrams@bcm.tmc.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3031 EP 3036 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870HB UT WOS:000225047100025 PM 15514271 ER PT J AU Blumberg, J AF Blumberg, J TI Use of biomarkers of oxidative stress in research studies SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Free Radicals - The Pros and Cons of Antioxidants CY JUN 26-27, 2003 CL Bethesda, MD SP NCI, Div Canc Prevent, NCI, Div Canc Treatment & Diagnosis, Natl Ctr Complementary & Alternat Med, NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Amer Soc Nutrit Sci, Amer Inst Canc Res DE biomarkers; oxidative stress; antioxidants ID DNA-DAMAGE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; IN-VIVO; CANCER; DISEASE; PRODUCTS; MARKERS C1 Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Jeffrey.Blumberg@tufts.edu NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 134 IS 11 BP 3188S EP 3189S PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 870HB UT WOS:000225047100056 PM 15514301 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Saari, JT AF Zeng, HW Saari, JT TI Increased type I collagen content and DNA binding activity of a single-stranded, cytosine-rich sequence in the high-salt buffer protein extract of the copper-deficient rat heart SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE copper deficiency; heart; collagen; DNA binding ID CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; GENE-EXPRESSION; LYSYL OXIDASE; MOUSE; INDUCTION; MUSCLE; LIVER AB Dietary copper (Cu) deficiency not only causes a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but also increases cancer risk in rodent models. However, a possible alteration in gene expression has not been fully examined. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of Cu deficiency on protein profiles in rat heart tissue. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets that were either a Cu-adequate diet (6.0 mug Cu/g diet, n = 6) or a Cu-deficient diet (0.3 mug Cu/g diet, n = 6) for 5 weeks. The high-salt buffer (HSB) protein extract from heart tissue of Cu-deficient, but not Cu-adequate rats showed a 132 kDa protein band by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. This protein band stained pink with Coomassie Blue, suggesting the presence of collagens or other proline-rich proteins. Dot immunoblotting demonstrated that total type I collagen was increased by 110% in HSB protein extract from Cu-deficient, relative to Cu-adequate, rats. Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the 132 kDa protein band contained a collagen alpha (I) chain precursor as well as a leucine-rich protein 130 (LRP130) in HSB protein extract from Cu-deficient but not Cu-adequate rats. A gel shift assay showed that HSB protein extract from Cu-deficient rats bound to a single-stranded cytosine-rich DNA with higher affinity than the extract of Cu-adequate rats, similar to reports of an increase in LRP130 single-stranded DNA binding activity in several types of tumor cells. Collectively, these results not only suggest an additional feature of altered collagen metabolism with Cu deficiency but also demonstrate for the first time an increase in single-stranded cytosine-rich DNA binding in Cu-deficient rat heart. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM hzeng@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 15 IS 11 BP 694 EP 699 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.06.007 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 886LO UT WOS:000226229000008 PM 15590274 ER PT J AU Shamloul, AM Yang X Han, L Hadidi, A AF Shamloul, AM Yang, X Han, L Hadidi, A TI Characterization of a new variant of Apple scar sinn viroid associated with pear fruit crinkle disease SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASSVd; detection; RT-PCR-ELISA; PBCVd; nucleotide sequencing ID PROBE CAPTURE HYBRIDIZATION; RT-PCR-ELISA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SENSITIVE DETECTION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; IDENTIFICATION; VIRUS AB A new variant of Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) was isolated from Chinese pear with fruit crinkling symptoms. The pear fruit crinkle variant of ASSVd is 333 nucleotides in length and shows 95% identity with ASSVd prototype. It also shows 92% and 98% identity with the viroid variants associated with pear rusty skin disease in China and pear fruit dimple disease in Japan, respectively, This viroid was detected in all fruit crinkle-diseased samples examined. Pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd) was detected in less than 20% of the same diseased samples. The Chinese variant of PBCVd is 315 nucleotides in length and shows 97% identity with PBCVd prototype. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, Dept Mol Virol & Biotechnol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. CIQ Beijing Entry & Exit Inspect & Quarantine Bur, Plant Quarantine Sect, Plant Mol Virus Lab, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Shamloul, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mshamloul@fraunhofer-cmb.org NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 86 IS 3 BP 249 EP 256 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 884YI UT WOS:000226122200009 ER PT J AU Paul, CM Nehring, R Banker, D Somwaru, A AF Paul, CM Nehring, R Banker, D Somwaru, A TI Scale economies and efficiency in U.S. agriculture: Are traditional farms history? SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE DEA; Stochastic frontier; efficiency; agriculture; scale efficiencies; scale economies ID PANEL-DATA AB The structural transformation of agriculture in recent decades has raised serious concerns about the future of the family farm. This study examines the economic performance of U. S. farms, to explore the potential of smaller farms to compete with larger entities, and ultimately to survive in this rapidly changing environment. We use deterministic and stochastic frontier methods and survey data to measure and evaluate factors underlying scale economies ( SEC) and efficiency (SEF) of corn-belt farms for 1996 - 2001. Our results suggest that family farms are both scale and technically inefficient. Potential for the exploitation of significant scale and scope economies, and some greater technical efficiency, seem to be driving trends toward increased farm size and dwindling competitiveness of the small family farm. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Econ Res Serv, USDA, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Paul, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cjmpaul@primal.ucdavis.edu NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-562X J9 J PROD ANAL JI J. Prod. Anal. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 185 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s11123-004-7573-1 PG 21 WC Business; Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 872FD UT WOS:000225192200002 ER PT J AU Reece, PE Brummer, JE Northup, BK Koehler, AE Moser, LE AF Reece, PE Brummer, JE Northup, BK Koehler, AE Moser, LE TI Interactions among Western ragweed and other sandhills species after drought SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ambrosia psilostachya; interspecific competition; seasonal herbage distribution; shoot density; subsequent-year effects ID PRAIRIE SANDREED; NEBRASKA SANDHILLS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; PLANT; RANGELAND; DYNAMICS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; ENVIRONMENT; STRATEGIES; COLEOPTERA AB Interannual differences in yield and species composition of herbaceous vegetation on semiarid rangelands are common and often related to variations in precipitation regime. Interspecific interactions that occur after drought-induced population fluxes of western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya D.C.) were evaluated by removing western ragweed or associated species from 1-m(2) quadrats at weekly intervals beginning in early May, June, or July 1991 or 1992 on high-seral sandhills prairie in Nebraska. The composite of peak standing crops for ragweed and each group of associated species was 77% greater during May-October 1991 (2 252 kg(.)ha(-1)) compared with 1992 (1 275 kg(.)ha(-1)) when April and May precipitation was 98 mm below average and a late frost occurred. Mean levels of western ragweed herbage up to 436 kg(.)ha(-1) had no effect oil associated species in 1991 when above average precipitation occurred throughout the growing season. In contrast, when all unusually dry spring occurred in 1992, relatively small mean levels of ragweed (189 kg(.)ha(-1)) reduced end-of-season standing herbage of rhizomatous C-4 grasses oil control plots by about 21% (137 kg(.)ha(-1)) with little effect on other associated species, regardless of when treatments were initiated. Within a given year, western ragweed density was seasonally constant, similar among treatments, and independent of preceding-year species composition. Severe defoliation of western ragweed had little effect on subsequent-year populations, indicating an ability to maintain primordia for several years with limited plant growth. Because western ragweed is not a strong competitor in the presence of vigorous graminoids, deferring use of June- or July-grazed pasture until after July in the subsequent year call minimize increases in western ragweed. C1 Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. Colorado State Univ, Western Colorado Res Ctr, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Reece, PE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, 4502 Ave 1, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. EM preece@unl.edu NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 57 IS 6 BP 583 EP 589 DI 10.2307/4004012 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 875IN UT WOS:000225413800002 ER PT J AU Starks, PJ Coleman, SW Phillips, WA AF Starks, PJ Coleman, SW Phillips, WA TI Determination of forage chemical composition using remote sensing SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral radiometer; NIRS; nitrogen; neutral detergent fiber; acid detergent fiber ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DETERGENT FIBER; CANOPY; NITROGEN; SPECTRA; LEAF AB Traditional forage nutrient analysis from bench-top near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or common laboratory chemical procedures provides accurate, point-based information, but often does not provide it in a timely way to allow changes in forage or animal management. The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of estimating concentrations of nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of live, standing forages using a hand-held hyperspectral spectroradiometer (radiometer), and to compare these estimates to values determined via NIRS and laboratory chemical methods. Calibration equations were developed from canopy reflectance measurements from monocultures of Bermuda grass and then applied to a test data set to predict N, NDF, and ADE Statistical analyses showed that forage composition estimates from the radiometer were equivalent to those from the NIRS. Such a remote-sensing approach would enable real-time assessment of forage quality, would allow mapping of the nutritional landscape, could be used as a tool to better manage pastures and supplements, and would assist in making harvesting decisions. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stat, Brookesville, FL 34601 USA. RP Starks, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM pstarks@grl1.grl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 57 IS 6 BP 635 EP 640 DI 10.2307/4004021 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 875IN UT WOS:000225413800011 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Cox, SE Louhaichi, M Johnson, DE AF Booth, DT Cox, SE Louhaichi, M Johnson, DE TI Technical note: Lightweight camera stand for close-to-earth remote sensing SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE rangeland monitoring; vertical; photography; nadir; digital photography ID STEREOPHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE; PERMANENT PLOTS; VEGETATION; QUADRATS; GRASSLANDS AB Digital photography and subsequent image analysis for ground-cover measurements call increase sampling rate and measurement speed and probably can increase measurement accuracy. Reduced monitoring time (labor cost) call increase monitoring precision by allowing for increased sample numbers. Multiple platforms have been developed for close-to-earth remote sensing. Here we outline a new, 5.8-kg aluminum camera stand for acquiring stereo imagery from 2 in above ground level. The stand is easily transported to, from, and within study sites owing to its low weight, excellent balance, and break-clown multipiece construction. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Terry.Booth@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 57 IS 6 BP 675 EP 678 DI 10.2307/4004027 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 875IN UT WOS:000225413800017 ER PT J AU Buman, RA Alesii, BA Hatfield, JL Karlen, DL AF Buman, RA Alesii, BA Hatfield, JL Karlen, DL TI Profit, yield, and soil quality effects of tillage systems in corn-soybean rotations SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Centers of Excellence; conservation tillage; corn; no-tillage; soil quality indicators; soybeans ID SUBSOIL COMPACTION; SURFACE; GROWTH AB Adoption of conservation tillage for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) rotations, has stagnated over the past several years despite the evidence of the benefits to erosion control, soil health, and associated natural resources derived from conservation tillage. The Monsanto Centers of Excellence were established to evaluate the potential benefits of conservation tillage across a range of soils and climates. Our objective is to summarize the results from field-scate studies conducted at 13 Monsanto Centers of Excellence sites in nine states from 1998 through 2002. Strip-tillage, no-tillage, and conventional corn production, and narrow- and wide-row, no-tillage and conventional tillage soybean production were evaluated in this study. Nine of the 13 sites included a stale seedbed "fast start" corn treatment by which the seedbed is prepared in the fall by conventional tillage and a spring herbicide burndown if needed. Neither soil bulk density nor crop emergence showed any significant differences among tillage systems for either crop throughout the five-year study. Earthworm populations were higher with no-tillage than conventional tillage. Soil quality indicators were not significantly different among the tillage systems. Soil temperature at the 5 cm depth was similar for strip-and conventional-tillage, with both being higher than no-tillage Yield differences among tillage systems within years were not significant for either crop, but profit for no-tillage and strip-tillage corn was the highest in four of five years. The five-year average profit for soybean was a so highest for the no-tillage, narrow-row system. Rotating corn and soybean using no-tillage systems resulted in $130 to $145 ha(-1) ($53 to $59 ac(-1)) more profit than the other practices. Farmers, crop consultants, and others should carefully consider overall profit rather than just crop yield when evaluating alternative tillage practices. C1 Agren Inc, Carroll, IA USA. Monsanto Cordilera Ranch, Boerne, TX USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Buman, RA (reprint author), Agren Inc, Carroll, IA USA. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 59 IS 6 BP 260 EP 270 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 878TS UT WOS:000225670500010 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Dillon, MA Sparks, RT Follett, RF AF Delgado, JA Dillon, MA Sparks, RT Follett, RF TI Tracing the fate of N-15 in a small-grain potato rotation to improve accountabitity of nitrogen budgets SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE N-15; barley; crop residue; exchange; nitrogen cycling ID SHORTGRASS STEPPE; USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL; FERTILIZER; RECOVERY; WHEAT; SYSTEMS; NITRATE; CROPS; FIELD AB Nitrogen (N) is difficult to manage because of its dynamic nature and mobility. Improving N use efficiency in agricultural production requires better accounting of N sources and sinks. In small grain [barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum oestivum L)]-potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) systems, N cycling from small grain crop residue into potato crops is poorly understood. We used N-15 labeled fertilizer to trace N from the small grain crop residue into a potato crop. We found that the N-15 recovery by these small grains averaged about 46 percent. When we factored in the soil N-15 recovery, the average 15N recovery in the system was about 70 percent. The cycling of N from the crop residue into the potato averaged about 2.6 kg N ha(-1) for wheat and 4.4 kg N ha(-1) for barley. We estimate that the total N cycling from the above ground and below ground compartments was about 4 to 9 kg N ha(-1) and that total N released from the crop exchange residue, including the unaccounted N, was about 9 kg N ha(-1). About 82 to 86 percent of the N that was incorporated with the crop residue was still in the system (soil-crop) after one year of cycling, which suggests that considerable N is sequestered in the soil over that time period. Results highlight the importance of crop residue in N cycling and identify opportunities to improve the assessment of N budgets for commercial small grain-potato operations. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. San Luis Valley Res Ctr, Center, CO USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Alamosa, CO USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 59 IS 6 BP 271 EP 276 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 878TS UT WOS:000225670500011 ER PT J AU McCabe-Sellers, BJ Beattie, SE AF McCabe-Sellers, BJ Beattie, SE TI Food safety: Emerging trends of foodborne illness surveillance and prevention SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS; IMPACT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; OUTBREAKS; DISEASE; DEATH AB Between 250 and 350 million Americans are estimated to suffer acute gastroenteritis annually, with 25% to 30% thought to be caused by foodborne illnesses. Most vulnerable to foodborne diseases are elderly people, pregnant women, immune-compromised people, and children. While bacterial causes such as Salmonella are widely recognized and monitored as foodborne infections, other important bacterial causes such as Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus are less well known. While the majority of cases of foodborne diseases are of unknown cause, bacteria and viruses are the most likely causative agents. Caliciviridae (Norwalk-like) virus cases are more difficult to identify, but represent the most common cause of known and probably unknown cases. Fresh produce has to be added to the traditional list of foods requiring careful selection and handling to prevent foodborne disease. To assess the disease burden in the United States, morbidity and mortality surveillance activities are done by several networks and systems with collaboration among federal agencies and health departments. Not all important causes are being equally monitored. Critical behaviors by food processors, food retailers, foodservice personnel, and consumers can reduce the risk of foodborne illness episodes. Dietetics professionals can more readily monitor new developments and update knowledge and practice through online resources. C1 USDA ARS, Lower Mississippi Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initia, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. RP McCabe-Sellers, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lower Mississippi Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initia, 900 S Shackleford Rd,Suite 509, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. EM bmccabe-sellers@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 BP 1708 EP 1717 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.08.028 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 867BZ UT WOS:000224818400015 PM 15499359 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL Noel, K Vinjamoori, D AF Luthria, DL Noel, K Vinjamoori, D TI Impact of sample preparation on the determination of crude fat content in corn SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Brinkmann-Retsch mill; corn; Cemotec; Cyclotec; crude fat; knifetec; mega-grinder; mikro-mill; particle size; Soxtec and Butt-tube extractions; UDY ID EXTRACTION; OILSEEDS; OIL AB Sample preparation is an important step in any analysis as it directly affects the assay results. The effect of sample preparation on the extraction of crude fat from 10 corn samples with varying fat content was studied. Samples were ground on seven different grinders, namely, the Mega-grinder, Knifetec, Cyclotec, Cemotec, Mikro-mill, UDY, and Brinkmann-Retsch mill. The crude fat was extracted from ground samples using Soxtec and/or Butt-tube extraction procedures and was determined gravimetrically after evaporation of the extraction solvent. The lowest amount of crude fat was extracted from samples ground on a Cemotec grinder. However, similar yields of crude fat were obtained with the other six sample preparation mills by using the proper screen size and grinding conditions. We observed an increase of 0.3% in the grand mean of crude fat extracted from samples ground on a Cyclotec: grinder fitted with a 1.0-mm screen as compared with a 2.0-mm screen. Modifying the grinding time from 5 to 10 s/cycle and increasing the number of cycles from 2 to 3 resulted an increase of 0.4% in the grand mean of crude fat extracted from 10 corn samples. No significant differences were observed in crude fat content when samples were ground with a Monsanto-built Mega-grinder, located at two different sites. The efficiency of crude fat extracted from ground samples was found to increase with the decrease in particle size. C1 USDA ARS FCL, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Monsanto Co, Ankeny, IA 50021 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS FCL, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bldg 161,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luthriad@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 81 IS 11 BP 999 EP 1004 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-1013-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 885XN UT WOS:000226190700002 ER PT J AU Panthee, DR Kwanyuen, P Sams, CE West, DR Saxton, AM Pantalone, VR AF Panthee, DR Kwanyuen, P Sams, CE West, DR Saxton, AM Pantalone, VR TI Quantitative trait loci for beta-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S) fractions of soybean storage protein SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE beta-conglycinin; Glycine max; glycinin; QTL mapping; soybean; storage protein ID NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; MAX L; SEED; SUBUNITS; REGISTRATION; ORGANIZATION; INHERITANCE; GLOBULIN; MARKERS AB Glycinin (11S) and beta-conglycinin (7S) are important seed storage proteins in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A major limitation of soybean seed storage proteins is their low levels of the sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, which are important nutritional components of protein meal. Glycinin contains significantly more S-containing amino acids than does beta-conglycinin. Thus, detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) that govern 11S may provide marker-assisted selection (MAS) opportunities to improve soybean total S-containing amino acids. The objective of this study was to detect and map QTL governing 7S and 11S fractions of soybean seed storage proteins. To achieve this objective, 101 F-6-derived recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed from a cross of N87-984-16 x TN93-99 were used. Storage proteins were extracted from all RIL and separated in 10-20% linear gradient polyacrylamide gels. Dried gels were scanned for individual subunits of storage protein with a densitometer equipped with a He-Ne laser light source. Data were converted to concentration for each subunit component and analyzed using SAS software. A significant (P < 0.05) difference among genotypes was found for glycinin and beta-conglycinin. A total of 94 polymorphic simple sequence repeat molecular genetic markers were used in screening all RIL. Three QTL for glycinin (Satt461, Satt292, and Satt156) were distributed on linkage group (LG) D2, I, and L, respectively, whereas two QTL for conglycinin (Satt461 and Satt249) were distributed on LG D2 and J. Phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 9.5 to 22%. These QTL may provide useful MAS opportunities for improvement of nutritional quality in soybean. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vpantalo@utk.edu NR 33 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1005 EP 1012 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-1014-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 885XN UT WOS:000226190700003 ER PT J AU Yaklich, RW Vinyard, BT AF Yaklich, RW Vinyard, BT TI A method to estimate soybean seed protein and oil concentration before harvest SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; oil; precipitation; protein-to-oil ratio; seed composition; seed protein; sum of protein and oil; temperature ID TEMPERATURE AB Temperature and precipitation variables during linear seed fill are known to be environmental determinants of protein and oil composition of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed. However, the contribution of other precipitation and temperature events during the growing season and a method that would determine the precipitation and temperature variables most related to protein and oil concentration values of the seed has not been fully explored. The former was evaluated by comparing monthly temperature and precipitation variables of the growing seasons to protein and oil data for the years 1959 to 1996 from three locations listed in the Uniform Soybean Tests, Northern Region. The data set comprised locations from Maturity Groups II and III and consisted of 186 location-years. Classification and regression "tree-based" analysis were conducted to determine the month, environmental variable, and "splitting" points that correctly classified most of the 186 location-years for below-vs.-above-median protein or oil composition. The protein concentrations from the location-years were separated into these two median-boundary categories most readily by temperature variables from the months of April and August. The oil concentrations from the location-years were classified best by August and September temperature variables and precipitation in May and September. The sum of protein and oil concentrations from the location-years were best separated by August and July temperature variables and precipitation in May and July. The protein-to-oil ratios from the location-years were best separated by September precipitation and July and June temperature variables. These data demonstrate that tree-based models can use monthly temperature and precipitation variables during linear seed fill and other specific months of the crop year and relate them to the final protein and oil concentration in the seed. These results could be used by the processing industry to estimate seed composition before harvest. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Stat Consulting Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yaklich, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 006, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yaklichr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1021 EP 1027 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-1016-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 885XN UT WOS:000226190700005 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Johnston, DB Powell, MJ Hicks, KB AF Moreau, RA Johnston, DB Powell, MJ Hicks, KB TI A comparison of commercial enzymes for the aqueous enzymatic extraction of corn oil from corn germ SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cellulase; corn; enzymatic; enzymes; extraction; maize; oil; protease; xylanase ID PLUM KERNEL OIL; PROTEIN; ETHANOL; SEEDS; FIBER AB An aqueous enzymatic method was developed to extract corn oil from corn germ. The basic steps in the method involved "churning" the corn germ with various enzymes and buffer for 4 h at 50degreesC, and an additional 16 h at 65degreesC, followed by centrifugation and removal of the oil layer from the surface. No hexane or other organic solvents are used in this process. By using oven-dried corn germ samples (6 g) from a commercial corn wet mill, corn oil yields of about 80% were achieved using three different commercial cellulases. A fourfold scale-up of the method (to 24 g of germ) resulted in oil yields of about 90%. Nine other commercial enzymes were evaluated and resulted in significant but lower oil yields. In the absence of enzymes, oil yields of 27 to 37% were achieved. The chemical compositions of hexane-extracted vs. aqueous enzymatic-extracted corn oils were very similar. C1 USDA, ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rmoreau@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1071 EP 1075 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-1023-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 885XN UT WOS:000226190700012 ER PT J AU McCreight, JD Staub, JE Lopez-Sese, A Chung, SM AF McCreight, JD Staub, JE Lopez-Sese, A Chung, SM TI Isozyme variation in Indian and Chinese melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm collections SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allozymes; genetic markers; genetic diversity; germplasm management ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS; MUSKMELON; MARKERS; INHERITANCE; DIVERSITY; LOCI AB Genetic variation among 378 melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm accessions collected in India in 1992 and 26 accessions in China in 1994 was evaluated with 19 isozyme loci. 'Top Mark' and 'Green Flesh Honeydew', which represented two distinct C. melo ssp. melo L. groups, Cantalupensis and Inodorus, respectively, were used as reference cultivars. Genetic distances among accessions were calculated, and an initial cluster analysis using these distances resulted in 148 groups of varying size, ranging from two to 47 accessions. One accession from each of the 148 groups was chosen at random and used in a second cluster analysis that identified 11 accession groups. Group 1 was unique and consisted of only two C. melo ssp. agrestis (Naudin) Pangalo accessions. Two large branches were detected at cluster node 2. One branch was comprised of three groups of 3, 12, and 34 accessions, while the other branch contained seven groups of 2, 3, 14, 16, and 47 accessions, and the reference cultivars. Of the 148 accessions, 132 were from 41 sites in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, India, which were distributed unequally across the 11 groups. The 14 Chinese accessions originating from seven provinces were also dispersed unequally in the four major cluster groups. 'Top Mark' and 'Green Flesh Honeydew' were genetically distinct and uniquely clustered in the same group. These results indicate that additional collections of melon germplasm should be made in eastern and southern India. C1 USDA ARS, Agr Res Serv, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP McCreight, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Res Serv, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RI Lopez-Sese, Anabel/C-5085-2008 OI Lopez-Sese, Anabel/0000-0001-5686-0884 NR 50 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 129 IS 6 BP 811 EP 818 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 874DD UT WOS:000225330200006 ER PT J AU Georgelis, N Scott, JW Baldwin, EA AF Georgelis, N Scott, JW Baldwin, EA TI Relationship of tomato fruit sugar concentration with physical and chemical traits and linkage of RAPD markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme; RAPD; glucose; fructose; HPLC; fruit size; plant habit; soluble solids; earliness; pedicel ID BACKCROSS QTL ANALYSIS; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; MAPPING QTLS; FLAVOR; AROMA; CROSS; COMPONENTS; LOCUS AB Small-fruited cherry tomato accession PI 270248 (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme Dunal) with high fruit sugars was crossed to large-fruited inbred line Fla.7833-1-1-1 (7833) that had normal (low) fruit sugar. Sugars in the F, were positively correlated with soluble solids, glucose, fructose, pH, and titratable acidity, and inversely correlated with fruit size. Earliness was not significantly correlated with sugars but was negatively correlated with fruit size. Thus, the lack of a sugar-earliness correlation indirectly indicates a trend for early tomato plants to be lower in sugars than later maturing plants. Sugars were not correlated with yield or pedicel type. Fruit from indeterminate plants had significantly more sugars than from determinate plants. Six random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to high sugars were found, five dominant (OPAE 4, UBC 731, UBC 744, UBC 489, UBC 290) and one co-dominant (UBC 269). Five of the markers were also linked to small fruit size and one of these also was linked to low yield (UBC 290). The sixth marker (UBC 269) was linked to indeterminate plant habit. UBC 731, UBC 489, and possibly OPAE 4 were in one linkage group, while UBC 744 and UBC 290 were in another linkage group. Combinations of all the markers together explained 35% of the sugar variation in the F-2 grown in Spring 2002. C1 Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Georgelis, N (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, 5007 60th St E, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 129 IS 6 BP 839 EP 845 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 874DD UT WOS:000225330200011 ER PT J AU Pomper, KW Grusak, MA AF Pomper, KW Grusak, MA TI Calcium uptake and whole-plant water use influence pod calcium concentration in snap bean plants SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris; nutrition; minerals; mineral requirements; green beans; vegetables; human; nutrition; bioavailability; health; postharvest ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; TRANSLOCATION; TRANSPIRATION; TRANSPORT; XYLEM; DENSITY; GROWTH; PHLOEM; ORIGIN; SHOOT AB Understanding the mechanisms that regulate xylem transport of calcium (Ca) to snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pods could allow approaches to increase pod Ca concentration and enhance the nutritional value of edible pods. Using the snap bean cultivars Hystyle and Labrador, which exhibit high and low pod Ca levels, respectively, we wished to determine whether there were differences between the two cultivars in stem xylem-sap Ca concentration and whether any differences in sap Ca concentration were related to differences in whole-plant water uptake or Ca import between the cultivars. Well-watered greenhouse-grown plants were placed in a growth chamber at a constant light intensity for an equilibration period. Pot weight loss was measured to determine whole-plant water use and stem xylem exudate was subsequently collected from the severed base of the shoot at flowering and at two stages of pod development. 'Hystyle' displayed an exudate Ca concentration that was 50% higher than 'Labrador'during pod development. Labrador' showed 35% greater total water transport through the stem than 'Hystyle'. Labrador' plants also showed a significantly larger leaf area than 'Hystyle' plants. Additional plants were used to determine total, long-term Ca influx. No difference was observed between cultivars in total Ca influx into the aerial portion of the plant. With whole-shoot Ca influx being equivalent and pod transpiration rate identical in the two cultivars, our results suggest that the higher whole-plant water uptake in 'Labrador' led to a dilution of Ca concentration in the xylem stream and thus less total Ca was transported to developing pods, relative to that in 'Hystyle'. Increased transpiration efficiency, enhanced root uptake of Ca, or reduced Ca sequestration in the xylem pathway of the stem could lead to an enhancement in pod Ca concentration in future cultivars of snap bean. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA,Agr Res Serv, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Pomper, KW (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Atwood Res Facil, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Spp, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 129 IS 6 BP 890 EP 895 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 874DD UT WOS:000225330200018 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Shackel, KA Lieth, JH AF Kim, SH Shackel, KA Lieth, JH TI Bending alters water balance and reduces photosynthesis of rose shoots SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rosa hybrida; transpiration; stomatal conductance; water potential; photosynthesis model; cut-flower; greenhouse crop ID APICAL DOMINANCE; LEAF; NITROGEN; LEAVES; STEM; PRODUCTIVITY; RENEWAL; PLANTS AB Shoot-bending has become a standard cultural practice in cut-flower rose (Rosa hybrida L.) production. Physiological effects of shoot-bending on leaf net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g(s)), transpiration rate (E), and stem water potential (psi) were investigated for rose plants. With saturating light conditions, shoot-bending decreased rates of A, g, and E in comparison with the rates prior to shoot-bending. A, g, and E of bent shoots were significantly lower than those of the control shoots that were not bent. The differences in A between bent and control shoots decreased over time, disappearing within 3 weeks after bending. Bent shoots exhibited reduced V. Leaves projecting upward on a bent stem were found to have higher A, g, and E than those projecting downward. This was probably due to the destruction of xylem vessels serving the leaves attached to the lower side (compression side) of the bent stem. Our results support the hypothesis that hydraulic conductivity is reduced in bent shoots probably due to disturbed xylem tissues, and that reduced photosynthetic rates of bent shoots are a function of water status. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Bldg 001 Rm 342,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sookim@asrr.arsusda.gov RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 129 IS 6 BP 896 EP 901 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 874DD UT WOS:000225330200019 ER PT J AU Lamikanra, O Richard, OA AF Lamikanra, O Richard, OA TI Storage and ultraviolet-induced tissue stress effects on fresh-cut pineapple SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Ananas comosus; phytoalexins; pineapple; minimally processed; terpenes; fruit; volatiles; SPME ID COMOSUS L MERR; VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS; FUNGAL METABOLITES; CANTALOUPE MELON; SHELF-LIFE; LEAVES; GREEN; AROMA AB The effect of UV-induced stress on the volatile aroma compounds in cut pineapple was compared with that of storage at 4degreesC for 24h. Eighteen volatile compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in fresh-cut pineapple. Methyl-2-methylbutanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl 5-hexenoate, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl 5-hexenoate were the major aroma compounds. Storage at 4degreesC for 24h, and exposure of cut fruit to UV radiation for 15min caused a considerable decrease in the concentration of esters and increase in the relative amount of copaene. This sesquiterpene, when added to crushed cantaloupe melon (0.1mg g(-1)), inhibited microbial growth in the fruit over a period of 24h at 20degreesC. Cis- and trans-ocimene were present in the fruit but their production was not photo-induced by UV irradiation. Ocimene, however, was a potent antimicrobial agent that killed microorganisms when added to the crushed fruit and stored at 20degreesC for 24h. The results indicate that sesquiterpene phytoalexins could contribute to the defense mechanism in wounded pineapple tissue. Published in 2004 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lamikanra, O (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sola@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 84 IS 14 BP 1812 EP 1816 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1891 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 863VD UT WOS:000224590600002 ER PT J AU Caplazi, P O'Rourke, K Wolf, C Shaw, D Baszler, TV AF Caplazi, P O'Rourke, K Wolf, C Shaw, D Baszler, TV TI Biology of PrPsc accumulation in two natural scrapie-infected sheep flocks SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; RESISTANT PRION PROTEIN; ENTERIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; SUFFOLK SHEEP; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; PRECLINICAL DIAGNOSIS; BRAIN; TRANSMISSION; AGENT AB Sheep scrapie is a prion disease that requires interaction of exogenous prions with host prion protein (PrP) supporting prion formation. Disease is associated with deposition of a host-generated conformational variant of PrP, PrPsc, in a variety of tissues, including brain, resulting in fatal spongiform encephalopathy. Efficiency of PrPsc formation is determined by polymorphisms in the PrP-coding sequence. This article adds to previous data of natural sheep scrapie, concentrating on the effect of host genotype and age on PrPsc accumulation patterns during preclinical and clinical disease. Two entire scrapie-infected, predominantly Suffolk-cross, sheep flocks euthanized for regulatory purposes were genotyped and analyzed for PrPsc deposition in various tissues using single- and dual-label immunohistochemistry. Scrapie, as defined by PrPsc deposition, occurred in 13/80 sheep. Preclinical disease was evident in nearly 70% of infected sheep, ranging in age from 14 months to 7 years. PrPsc accumulated systemically in the nervous tissue, various lymphoid tissues, both alimentary tract related and non-alimentary tract related, and the placenta. Clinical neurological illness was always associated with spongiform encephalopathy and PrPsc deposition in the brain. Only 6 of 9 sheep with preclinical scrapie had PrPsc deposition in the brain but widespread PrPsc deposition in peripheral lymphoid tissue, supporting previous data showing peripheral PrPsc accumulation preceding deposition in the brain. PrPsc colocalized with a marker for follicular dendritic cells throughout the lymphoid system. PrPsc also accumulated in the peripheral nervous system, particularly the nervous supply of the gastrointestinal tract. Abundant PrPsc was evident in trophoblast cells of placentomes but not in the endometrium, myometrium, or associated nervous plexus. PrPsc deposits were not observed in the mammary parenchyma or bone marrow. Scrapie susceptibility was defined genetically by PrP codon 171: PrPsc deposition was restricted to PrP genotype AA(136)RR(154)QQ(171) in 12/13 cases or AV(136)RR(154)QQ(171) in 1/13 cases. The earliest accumulation was observed in the single VRQ/ARQ heterozygous animal, consistent with the reported high scrapie susceptibility and brief incubation period observed in breeds with predominance of the V(136)R(154)Q(171) allele. Disease occurred within, as well as independent of, mother-daughter lines, suggesting both maternal and nonmaternal transmission in the flocks. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Clin & Populat Sci, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Penn State Univ, Anim Diagnost Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Baszler, TV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Bustad Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 489 EP 496 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 877SR UT WOS:000225591000001 PM 15586562 ER PT J AU Dargatz, DA Byrum, BA Collins, MT Goyal, SM Hietala, SK Jacobson, RH Kopral, CA Martin, BM McCluskey, BJ Tewari, D AF Dargatz, DA Byrum, BA Collins, MT Goyal, SM Hietala, SK Jacobson, RH Kopral, CA Martin, BM McCluskey, BJ Tewari, D TI A multilaboratory evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for the detection of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in cattle SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; JOHNES-DISEASE; DAIRY-CATTLE; SAMPLES; DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; ELISA AB Five laboratories participated in a study to evaluate sources of variation in results from an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Each laboratory repeatedly tested duplicates of a negative, positive (P), and high-positive (HP) serum sample, which were supplied by the United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service: Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA, on all 96-well microtiter plates when routinely testing other samples for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibodies. These 3 sera were aliquoted and sent to the 5 participating laboratories. This study focused on variation in test results because of assay reagents and laboratory techniques and did not account for biologic variability associated with the time course of infection in cattle. Overall, results from 868 microtiter plates were used in the study. For each sample a sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio was calculated according to the manufacturer's directions. The S/P ratio for the P sample ranged from 0.06 to 1.039 (mean = 0.466 and 0.484 for wells I and 2, respectively) and those for the HP sample ranged from 2.446 to 8.727 (mean = 4.027 and 3.980 for wells I and 2, respectively). The majority of the variation in S/P ratio for the P sample was attributed to kit lot (37.5%), followed by random (unexplained) error (27.0%), laboratory (18.3%), and kit lot by laboratory (11.9%). By eliminating plates in which the separation between negative and positive control ODs was less than 0.4, the proportion of variation attributed to laboratory was reduced markedly. These results confirm that there is variability in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis ELISA results and that several sources contribute to the observed variability. The study gives a relative estimate of the contribution of various sources to the overall variability observed in the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis ELISA results with kit lot being a primary contributor. Similar data for other ELISA tests for antibodies to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or other antigens also should be developed. C1 USDA, APHIS, VS, CEAH,Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Ohio Dept Agr, Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Columbus, OH 43068 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95617 USA. New York State Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Penn Anim Diagnost Lab Syst, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Dargatz, DA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, CEAH,Nat Resources Res Ctr, Bldg B,2150 Ctr Ave,Mail Stop 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 509 EP 514 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 877SR UT WOS:000225591000004 PM 15586565 ER PT J AU Perez-Filgueira, DM Brayfield, BP Phiri, S Borca, MV Wood, C Morris, TJ AF Perez-Filgueira, DM Brayfield, BP Phiri, S Borca, MV Wood, C Morris, TJ TI Preserved antigenicity of HIV-1 p24 produced and purified in high yields from plants inoculated with a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-derived vector SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HIV; plant expression; diagnosis; TMV-vector; immune response ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; IN-VITRO; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; EPITOPES; VACCINES; CELL; VACCINATION AB Production of structural proteins from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and bovine herpes virus (BHV-1) in Nicotiana benthamiana through the use of a tobacco mosaic virus-based vector (TMV-30B) has been reported previously. The development of the TMV-30B-HISc vector, a new version that adds a C-terminal histidine (His) sequence to the foreign protein expressed is described. Coding sequences from the FMDV VP1 protein and the core protein, p24, from a clade C HIV-1 isolate from Zambia were cloned into the new vector and infective RNAs were generated for each construct to inoculate N. benthamiana plants. His-tagged proteins were purified from inoculated leaves using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) as detected by Coomassie blue staining and proteins were further characterized in Western blot assays using a commercial anti-6xHis mAb and specific polyclonal antisera for each protein. While yields obtained for the VP1-His protein after purification were similar to those in crude extracts obtained with the previous TMV-VP1 vector, p24-His yields were 10-15 times higher than those of VP1-His. Twenty-five grams of TMV-p24-HISc inoculated leaves were processed to obtain 2.5 mg of isolated p24-His and the recombinant protein was inoculated in rabbits to test immunogenicity and antigenic integrity of the plant-produced p24-His. Animals developed a strong and specific Immoral response to the p24-His after the first booster and immune sera was able to recognize the native p24 from a different clade expressed on the surface of the HIV-1 chronically infected HUT78/ARV T-cell line. Importantly, the recombinant p24-His proved its efficiency by confirming the serology of 117 samples previously tested by two rapid HIV-1 tests, thus representing an excellent alternative for production of highly specific diagnostic reagents for HIV endemic regions in the developing world. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Perez-Filgueira, DM (reprint author), INIA Madrid, Depto Biotecnol, Ctra A Coruna Km 7, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM mperez@inia.es NR 35 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 2004 VL 121 IS 2 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.viromet.2004.06.022 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 860TI UT WOS:000224365700009 PM 15381357 ER PT J AU Snowder, GD Hanford, KJ Van Vleck, LD AF Snowder, GD Hanford, KJ Van Vleck, LD TI Comparison of models including cytoplasmic effects for traits of Rambouillet sheep SO LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE birth weight; weaning weight; fleece weight; litter size ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; HEREFORD CATTLE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ANIMAL-MODEL; DAIRY-CATTLE; MILK-YIELD; INHERITANCE; INFORMATION; NUCLEAR AB The objective was to determine appropriate analytical models considering cytoplasmic inheritance for birth weight (BWT, n = 35,604), weaning weight (WWT, n = 34,114), fleece weight (FWT, n = 38,113) and number born (NB, n = 39,029) for Rambouillet sheep. For BWT, models that included dam by year, dam by number born, and sire by dam effects, in addition to direct and maternal effects, were significantly better than the basic maternal effects model. For WWT, variances due to direct, maternal, and maternal permanent environmental effects (0.05 of variance) were not zero. For FWT, heritability was 0.55 for all models, but models with dam by year (0.02), sire by dam (0.05), and sire by cytoplasmic line (0.02) were jointly significantly better than models with permanent environmental effects. For NB, only direct heritability (0.08) and relative permanent environmental variance (0.04) were not zero. No trait showed evidence of variation due to cytoplasmic effects. Adding seldom considered effects to the model did not change estimates of variance due to direct and maternal genetic effects. Variance due to dominance effects may be important for BWT and FWT. The basic direct-maternal effects model seems sufficient for genetic evaluations for WWT and FWT but models for BWT and NB may need to include other effects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Snowder, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 155, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM snowder@email.marc.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-6226 J9 LIVEST PROD SCI JI Livest. Prod. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 90 IS 2-3 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.03.003 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 871DV UT WOS:000225110400009 ER PT J AU Rocha, JL Eisen, EJ Siewerdt, F Van Vleck, LD Pomp, D AF Rocha, JL Eisen, EJ Siewerdt, F Van Vleck, LD Pomp, D TI A large-sample QTL study in mice: III. Reproduction SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BINARY TRAITS; BODY-FAT; MOUSE; BACKCROSS; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; REGRESSION; POPULATION; INSULIN AB Using lines of mice having undergone long-term selection for high and low growth, a large-sample (n approximate to 1000 F-2) experiment was conducted to gain further understanding of the genetic architecture of complex polygenic traits. Composite interval mapping on data from 10-week-old F-2 females (n = 439) detected 15 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on 5 chromosomes that influence reproduction traits characterized at day 16 of gestation. These QTL are broadly categorized into two groups: those where effects on the number of live fetuses (LF) were accompanied by parallel effects on the number of dead fetuses (DF), and those free of such undesirable effects. QTL for ovulation rate (OR) did not overlap with QTL for litter size, potentially indicating the importance of uterine capacity. Large dominance effects were identified for most QTL detected, and overdominance was also present. The QTL of largest effects were detected in regions of Chromosome 2, where large QTL effects for growth and fatness have also been found and where corroborating evidence from other studies exists. Considerable overlap between locations of QTL for reproductive traits and for growth traits corresponds well with the positive correlations usually observed among these sets of phenotypes. Some support for the relevance of QTL x genetic background interactions in reproduction was detected. Traits with low heritability demand considerably larger sample sizes to achieve effective power of QTL detection. This is unfortunate as traits with low heritability are among those that could most benefit from QTL-complemented breeding and selection strategies in food animal production. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Rocha, JL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dpomp@unl.edu RI Siewerdt, Frank/D-8523-2011 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD NOV PY 2004 VL 15 IS 11 BP 878 EP 886 DI 10.1007/s00335-004-2364-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 866DS UT WOS:000224754600003 PM 15672592 ER PT J AU Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M TI Development of optimal protocol for visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic evaluation of meat quality SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; lamb; meat; near-infrared spectroscopy; quality ID SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS; BEEF; PREDICTION; TENDERNESS AB The present experiments were conducted to develop an optimal protocol for visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic evaluation of meat quality. It was determined that spectra were more repeatable using a 35 mm-diameter high-intensity reflectance probe rather than a 3 mm-diameter reflectance probe. Using the high-intensity reflectance probe, spectra were generally very repeatable (e.g., repeatability at 1080 nm ranged from 0.94 to 0.99) regardless of the number (50, 40, 30, 20, or 10) of spectra averaged per observation. At each wavelength (350-2500 nm), the highest repeatability was obtained when 20 spectra were averaged. It was determined that spectra were greatly different when the length of time that the muscle was exposed to air (bloomed) before spectroscopy was increased from 2 to 60 min. However, regardless of bloom time, the repeatability of reflectance values was >0.90 at each wavelength between 462 and 1371 nm. The protocol developed in this experiment should facilitate future experiments to determine if visible and near-infrared spectroscopy can be used to accurately predict meat quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Shackelford, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM shackelford@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 8 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.01.013 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 851HY UT WOS:000223677400005 PM 22062405 ER PT J AU Meyerholz, DK Grubor, B Fach, SJ Sacco, RE Lehmkuhl, HD Gallup, JM Ackermann, MR AF Meyerholz, DK Grubor, B Fach, SJ Sacco, RE Lehmkuhl, HD Gallup, JM Ackermann, MR TI Reduced clearance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a preterm lamb model SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE animal models; antigens; premature infant; respiratory syncytial virus ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; VIRAL-INFECTION; ANIMAL-MODELS; BRONCHIOLITIS; BOVINE; SHEEP; PATHOGENESIS; DISEASE; INTERLEUKIN-8; NEUTROPHILS AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant respiratory disease in children worldwide. For the study of severe RSV disease seen in preterm infants, a suitable animal model is lacking. The novel hypothesis of this study was that preterm lambs are susceptible to bovine RSV (bRSV) infection, an analogous pneumovirus with ruminant host specificity, and that there would be age-dependent differences in select RSV disease parameters. During RSV infection, preterm lambs had elevated temperatures and respiration rates with mild anorexia and cough compared to controls. Gross lesions included multifocal consolidation and atelectasis with foci of hyperinflation. Microscopic lesions included multifocal alveolar septal thickening and bronchiolitis. Immunohistochemistry localized the RSV antigen to all layers of bronchiolar epithelium from a few basal cells to numerous sloughing epithelia. A few mononuclear cells were also immunoreactive. To assess for age-dependent differences in RSV infection, neonatal lambs were infected similarly to the preterm lambs or with a high-titer viral inoculum. Using morphometry at day 7 of infection, preterm lambs had significantly more cellular immunoreactivity for RSV antigen (P < 0.05) and syncytial cell formation (P < 0.05) than either group of neonatal lambs. This work suggests that perinatal RSV clearance is age-dependent, which may explain the severity of RSV infection in preterm infants. The preterm lamb model is useful for assessing a.-e-dependent mechanisms of severe RSV infection. (C) 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Meyerholz, DK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dmeyerho@iastate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI055499-01, R01 AI062787-01A1, R01 AI062787] NR 50 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 6 IS 14 BP 1312 EP 1319 DI 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.08.006 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 876LZ UT WOS:000225499700010 PM 15555538 ER PT J AU Lau, JY Tchao, R Cooke, P AF Lau, JY Tchao, R Cooke, P TI Cell death under fluid shear force and actin re-arrangement SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Cell-Biology CY DEC 04-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Cell Biol C1 Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Pharmaceut, Div Pharmacol & Toxicol, Philadelphia, PA USA. USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 2004 VL 15 SU S MA 966 BP 174A EP 174A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 864QU UT WOS:000224648801311 ER PT J AU Schmierer, DA Kandemir, N Kudrna, DA Jones, BL Ullrich, SE Kleinhofs, A AF Schmierer, DA Kandemir, N Kudrna, DA Jones, BL Ullrich, SE Kleinhofs, A TI Molecular marker-assisted selection for enhanced yield in malting barley SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE grain yield; malting barley; marker-assisted selection; RFLP; QTL ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE; BACKCROSS QTL ANALYSIS; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; 2-ROW BARLEY; GRAIN-YIELD; TOMATO; CROSS; QUALITY; GERMPLASM AB Brewers are reluctant to change malting barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) cultivars due to concerns of altered flavor and brewing procedures. The U.S. Pacific Northwest is capable of producing high yielding, high quality malting barley but lacks adapted cultivars with desirable malting characteristics. Our goal was to develop high yielding near isogenic lines that maintain traditional malting quality characteristics by transferring quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with yield, via molecular marker-assisted backcrossing, from the high yielding cv. Baronesse to the North American two-row malting barley industry standard cv. Harrington. For transfer, we targeted Baronesse chromosome 2HL and 3HL fragments presumed to contain QTL that affect yield. Analysis of genotype and yield data suggests that QTL reside at two regions, one on 2HL (ABG461C-MWG699) and one on 3HL (MWG571A-MWG961). Genotype and yield data indicate that additional Baronesse genome regions are probably involved, but need to be more precisely defined. Based on yield trials conducted over 22 environments and malting analyses from 6 environments, we selected one isogenic line (00-170) that has consistently produced yields equal to Baronesse while maintaining a Harrington-like malting quality profile. We conclude there is sufficient data to warrant experiments testing whether the 2HL and 3HL Baronesse QTL would be effective in increasing the yield of other low yielding barley cultivars. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Ziraat Fak, Tarla Bitkileri Bolumu, TR-60110 Tokat, Turkey. Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Inst, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kleinhofs, A (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM andyk@wsu.edu NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 463 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s11032-004-0903-1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 889BB UT WOS:000226417400011 ER PT J AU Marquardt, PE Epperson, BK AF Marquardt, PE Epperson, BK TI Spatial and population genetic structure of microsatellites in white pine SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eastern white pine (Pinus strobus); Hartwick Pines State Park; microsatellite; population genetics; spatial autocorrelation ID GLEDITSIA-TRIACANTHOS LEGUMINOSAE; STROBUS PINACEAE; AUTO-CORRELATION; LODGEPOLE PINE; MATING SYSTEM; F-STATISTICS; AUTOCORRELATION; DIVERSITY; GENOTYPES; GROWTH AB We evaluated the population genetic structure of seven microsatellite loci for old growth and second growth populations of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). From each population, located within Hartwick Pines State Park, Grayling, Michigan, USA, 120-122 contiguous trees were sampled for genetic analysis. Within each population, genetic diversity was high and inbreeding low. When comparing these populations, there is a significant, but small (less than 1%), genetic divergence between populations. Spatial distance between populations or timber harvest at the second growth site were reasonable explanations for the observed minor differences in allele frequencies between populations. Spatial autocorrelation analysis suggested that, for the old growth population, weak positive structuring at 15 m fits the isolation by distance model for a neighbourhood size of about 100 individuals. In comparison, genotypes were randomly distributed in the second growth population. Thus, logging may have decreased spatial structuring at the second growth site, suggesting that management practices may be used to alter natural spatial patterns. In addition, the amount of autocorrelation in the old growth population appears to be lower for some of the microsatellites, suggesting higher numbers of rare alleles and that higher mutation rates may have directly affected spatial statistics by reducing structure. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Marquardt, PE (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM pmarquardt@fs.fed.us NR 61 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 11 BP 3305 EP 3315 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02341.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 862XF UT WOS:000224524000005 PM 15487991 ER PT J AU Pittman, JK Cheng, NH Shigaki, T Kunta, M Hirschi, KD AF Pittman, JK Cheng, NH Shigaki, T Kunta, M Hirschi, KD TI Functional dependence on calcineurin by variants of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar Ca2+/H+ exchanger Vcx1p SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; H+/CA2+ EXCHANGE; GENE-EXPRESSION; YEAST-CELLS; MANGANESE; PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS; PHOSPHATASE; TRANSPORT AB The Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin is an important regulator of ion transporters from many organisms, including the Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar Ca2+/H+ exchanger Vcx1p. In yeast and plants, cation/H+ exchangers are important in shaping cytosolic Ca2+ levels involved in signal transduction and providing tolerance to potentially toxic concentrations of cations such as Ca2+, Mn2+ and Cd2+. Previous genetic evidence suggested Vcx1p is negatively regulated by calcineurin. By utilizing direct transport measurements into vacuolar membrane vesicles, we demonstrate that Vcx1p is a low-affinity Ca2+ transporter and may also function in Cd2+ transport, but cannot transport Mn2+. Furthermore, direct Ca2+ transport by Vcx1p is calcineurin sensitive. Using a yeast growth assay, a mutant allele of VCX1 (VCX1-S204A/L208P), termed VCX1-M1, was previously found to confer strong Mn2+ tolerance. Here we demonstrate that this Mn2+ tolerance is independent of the Ca2+/Mn2+-ATPase Pmr1p and results from Mn2+-specific vacuolar transport activity of Vcx1-M1p. This Mn2+ transport by Vcx1-M1p is calcineurin dependent, although the localization of Vcx1-M1p to the vacuole appears to be calcineurin independent. Additionally, we demonstrate that mutation of L208P alone is enough to confer calcineurin-dependent Mn2+ tolerance. This study demonstrates that calcineurin can positively regulate the transport of cations by VCX1-M1p. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu OI Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 FU PHS HHS [5 P30 G57427, 1R01 G57427] NR 44 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1104 EP 1116 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04332.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 867QW UT WOS:000224858300020 PM 15522090 ER PT J AU He, LM Du, CG Covaleda, L Xu, ZY Robinson, AF Yu, JZ Kohel, RJ Zhang, HB AF He, LM Du, CG Covaleda, L Xu, ZY Robinson, AF Yu, JZ Kohel, RJ Zhang, HB TI Cloning, characterization, and evolution of the NBS-LRR-encoding resistance gene analogue family in polyploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CEREAL GENOMES; DNA-SEQUENCE; WHEAT; RICE; REORGANIZATION; ASSOCIATION; SUPERFAMILY; PHYLOGENY; PATHOGENS AB The nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR)-encoding gene family has attracted much research interest because approximately 75% of the plant disease resistance genes that have been cloned to date are from this gene family. We cloned the NBS-LRR-encoding genes from polyploid cotton by a polymerase chain reaction-based approach. A sample of 150 clones was selected from the NBS-LRR gene sequence library and was sequenced, and 61 resistance gene analogs (RGA) were identified. Sequence analysis revealed that RGA are abundant and highly diverged in the cotton genome and could be categorized into 10 distinct subfamilies based on the similarities of their nucleotide sequences. The numbers of members vary many fold among different subfamilies, and gene index analysis showed that each of the subfamilies is at a different stage of RGA family evolution. Genetic mapping of a selection of RGA indicates that the RGA reside on a limited number of the cotton chromosomes, with those from a single subfamily tending to cluster and two of the RGA loci being colocalized with the cotton bacterial blight resistance genes. The distribution of RGA between the two subgenomes A and D of cotton is uneven, with RGA being more abundant in the A subgenome than in the D subgenome. The data provide new insights into the organization and evolution of the NBS-LRR-encoding RGA family in polyploid plants. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Montclair State Univ, Dept Biol & Mol Biol, Montclair, NJ USA. USDA ARS, SPARC, Cotton Pathol & Crop Germplasm Res Units, College Stn, TX USA. RP Zhang, HB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, 2123 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hbz7049@tamu.edu NR 40 TC 40 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1234 EP 1241 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.11.1234 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 865UR UT WOS:000224729700007 PM 15553248 ER PT J AU Lorio, JC Kim, WS Krishnan, HB AF Lorio, JC Kim, WS Krishnan, HB TI NopN, a soybean cultivar-specificity protein from Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, is a type III secreted protein SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM SP NGR234; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; EFFECTOR PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; NODULATION; SYSTEM; YOPE AB The type III secretion system (TTSS) of plant- and animal-pathogenic bacteria is involved in translocation of virulence factors into the host cell cytosol where they modulate cellular processes. Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 is a gram-negative soil bacterium that forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on specific soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). This microsymbiont is known to secrete at least five nodulation outer proteins (Nops) in response to flavonoid induction. Some of these Nops have been shown to be secreted by TTSS in this symbiotic bacterium. We have isolated and purified an 18-kDa extracellular protein from flavonoid-induced cultures of USDA257. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of this purified protein was identical to the published sequence of the soybean cultivar-specificity protein, NopB (formerly NolB). Inactivation of rhcN, which encodes an ATPase, abolished secretion of NopB. Similarly, a nonpolar nopB deletion mutant was compromised in its ability to secrete several Nops. A construct containing the coding region of nopB under control of a T7 promoter was expressed successfully in Escherichia coli and, subsequently, the recombinant NopB was purified by nickel-affinity column chromatography. Polyclonal antibodies raised against purified recombinant NopB were used in Western blot analysis to demonstrate the association of NopB with pilus-like surface appendages. Deletion analysis indicated that the first 33 N-terminal residues of NopB were necessary and sufficient to mediate the secretion of a green fluorescent protein reporter. Introduction of plasmid-borne extra copies of nopB into USDA257 resulted in lower accumulation of native NopB. We also show that USDA257 and its nonpolar nopB deletion mutant exhibited discernible differences in their ability to nodulate legume hosts. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 44 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1259 EP 1268 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.11.1259 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 865UR UT WOS:000224729700010 PM 15553251 ER PT J AU Goswami, RS Kistler, HC AF Goswami, RS Kistler, HC TI Heading for disaster: Fusarium graminearum on cereal crops SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; TRICHOTHECENE BIOSYNTHESIS; CYTOCHROME-P450 MONOOXYGENASE; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; FUNGAL DEVELOPMENT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; REDUCED VIRULENCE; REGULATORY GENE; WHEAT SPIKES; MAP KINASE AB The rapid global re-emergence of Fusarium head blight disease of wheat and barley in the last decade along with contamination of grains with mycotoxins attributable to the disease have spurred basic research on the fungal causal agent. As a result, Fusarium graminearum quickly has become one of the most intensively studied fungal plant pathogens. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge on the pathogenicity, population genetics, evolution and genomics of Fusarium graminearum. Taxonomy: Based on the sexual state Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch: Superkingdom Eukaryota; Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Subphylum Pezizomycotina; Class Sordariomycetidae; Subclass Hypocreomycetidae; Order Hypocreales; Family Nectriaceae; Genus Gibberella. Host range: The pathogen is capable of causing head blight or 'scab' on wheat (Triticum), barley (Hordeum), rice (Oryza), oats (Avena) and Gibberella stalk and ear rot disease on maize (Zea). The fungus also may infect other plant species without causing disease symptoms. Other host genera cited for Gibberella zeae or F. graminearum sensu lato (see below) are Agropyron, Agrostis, Bromus, Calamagrostis, Cenchrus, Cortaderia, Cucumis, Echinochloa, Glycine, Hierochloe, Lolium, Lycopersicon, Medicago, Phleum, Poa, Schizachyrium, Secale, Setaria, Sorghum, Spartina and Trifolium. Disease symptoms and signs: For wheat, brown, dark purple to black necrotic lesions form on the exterior surface of the florets and glume (Fig. 1). Although these lesion symptoms sometimes are referred to as scab, they are not formally related to the hyperplasia and hypertrophic epidermal growth associated with other scab diseases such as apple scab. Peduncles immediately below the inflorescence may become discoloured brown/purple. With time, tissue of the inflorescence often becomes blighted, appearing bleached and tan, while the grain within atrophies. Awns often become deformed, twisted and curved downward. In barley, infections are not always readily apparent in the field. Infected spikelets may show a browning or water-soaked appearance. infected barley kernels show a tan to dark brown discolouration that can be similar to that caused by other kernel blighting organisms. During prolonged wet periods, pink to salmon-orange spore masses of the fungus are often seen on infected spikelets, glumes and kernels in both wheat and barley. For maize ear rot, infection occurs by way of colonizing silk and thus symptoms first appear at the ear apex. White mycelium, turning pink to red with time, colonizes kernels and may progress basipetally, covering the entire ear. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kistler, HC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM HCKIST@umn.edu NR 83 TC 433 Z9 461 U1 14 U2 135 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 5 IS 6 BP 515 EP 525 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2004.00252.X PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 877RX UT WOS:000225588900001 PM 20565626 ER PT J AU Barnes, CW Szabo, LJ May, G Groth, JV AF Barnes, CW Szabo, LJ May, G Groth, JV TI Inbreeding levels of two Ustilago maydis populations SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE corn smut; Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium; heterozygosity; maximum parsimony analysis; Wright's inbreeding coefficient ID CORN SMUT FUNGUS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LIFE-HISTORY; MAIZE; PATHOGEN; DNA; DIVERSITY; INFECTION; MARKERS; LIGHT AB Little is known about the population mating behavior of the smut fungus Ustilago maydis DC (Corda). To determine the amount of inbreeding that occurs in local U. maydis populations, two cornfields were sampled, one in North America (NA) at Le Sueur, Minnesota, and one in South America (SA) at Tarariras, Uruguay. These fields were chosen because of their geographic isolation and host management differences. Inbreeding coefficients (F-is) were calculated using data derived from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Mean F-is values estimated for both the NA (-0.08), and the SA (-0.02) populations statistically are not different from zero. The results of this study demonstrate that the U. maydis population structure in both cornfields results predominately from out-crossing and suggests that teliospores infrequently act as single infection units. The genetic differentiation between populations was high (F-st = 0.25). C1 USDA, ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Barnes, CW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, 1551 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM barn0107@umn.edu NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1236 EP 1244 DI 10.2307/3762140 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 889KV UT WOS:000226442800009 PM 21148947 ER PT J AU Peterson, SW Bayer, EM Wicklow, DT AF Peterson, SW Bayer, EM Wicklow, DT TI Penicillium thiersii, Penicillium angulare and Penicillium decaturense, new species isolated from wood-decay fungi in North America and their phylogenetic placement from multilocus DNA sequence analysis SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE bioactivity calmodulin; fungi; fungi-colons; introns; ITS; natural products; rDNA; systematics; translation elongation factor 1-alpha ID INDOLE DITERPENOIDS; METABOLITES AB We describe three new fungicolous species on the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic differences from known species. Penicillium thiersii, P. angulare and Penicillium decaturense are described. Penicillium thiersii phenotypically is identified on the basis of several characteristics including growth rates, vesicle size and condium shape and roughening. Penicillium, angulare is related most closely to R. adametzioides but differs from it by restricted growth rates and conidiophores greater than 60 mum in length. Penicillium decaturense is related most closely to R miczynskii but differs from that species by growth rate, minimum growth temperature and pigment production on MEA. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis confirmed the genetic distinctiveness of P. decaturense and the closely related species P. miczynskii, P. chrzaszczii and P. manginii. Penicillium rivolii is a synonym of P. waksmanii on the basis of this analysis. Analysis of the EF-1alpha gene shows rapid changes of position, number and length of introns between the species, suggesting a recent evolutionary origin for the introns. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM peterssw@ncaur.usda.gov NR 30 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1280 EP 1293 DI 10.2307/3762145 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 889KV UT WOS:000226442800014 PM 21148952 ER PT J AU Guzman, G Ramirez-Guillen, F Miller, OK Lodge, DJ Baroni, TJ AF Guzman, G Ramirez-Guillen, F Miller, OK Lodge, DJ Baroni, TJ TI Scleroderma stellatum versus Scleroderma bermudense: the status of Scleroderma echinatum and the first record of Veligaster nitidum from the Virgin Islands SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Gasteromycetes; new records; Scleroderma; Sclerodermataceae; tropical fungi; Veligaster AB The type of Scleroderma stellatum from Brazil exhibits a sharp echinulate, dark brown peridium, and the type of S. bermudense from Bermuda has a peridium that is loosely woven and fibrillose, whitish to pale brownish. These characters indicate two independent species. This information is contrary to that of Guzman in 1970, who interpreted S. bermudense to be a synonym of S. stellatum based on the similar spores. Scleroderma echinatum from Borneo and Panama, as recently discussed by Guzman and Ovrebo, also has an echinulate, dark brown peridium and is a synonym of S. stellatum. All these fungi have a stellate dehiscence. New records of S. bermudense from the Greater Antilles and Mexico's Pacific Coast, and Veligaster nitidum from Virgin Islands also are discussed. C1 Inst Ecol, Jalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Biol Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Guzman, G (reprint author), Inst Ecol, Apartado Postal 63, Jalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico. EM guzmang@ecologia.edu.mx NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1370 EP 1379 DI 10.2307/3762153 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 889KV UT WOS:000226442800022 PM 21148960 ER PT J AU Cantrell, SA Lodge, DJ AF Cantrell, SA Lodge, DJ TI Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales) of the greater antilles: Hygrocybe subgenus Pseudohygrocybe sections Coccineae and Neohygrocybe SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TAXA AB A key to 17 species in the genus Hygrocybe, subgenus Pseudohygrocybe, sections Coccineae and Neohygrocybe sensu Boertmann is provided for the Greater Antilles. Five new species and five taxa that are new reports for the region are described. The new species in section Coccineae are H. pseudoadonis, H. viridiphylla, and H. zonata. The new species in section Neohygrocybe are H. albomarginata and H. ovinoides. The new reports are H. caespitosa, H. coccinea, H. cf. miniata, H. papillata, and H. subovina. Three new combinations are proposed: Hygrocybe mycenoides, H. papillata and H. subovina. C1 Univ Turabo, Escuela Ciencias & Tecnol, Gurabo, PR 00778 USA. USDA, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Cantrell, SA (reprint author), Univ Turabo, Escuela Ciencias & Tecnol, POB 3030, Gurabo, PR 00778 USA. EM sharonac@coqui.net NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 108 BP 1301 EP 1314 DI 10.1017/S0953756204001029 PN 11 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 876LQ UT WOS:000225498800007 PM 15587063 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Barnett, CJ Johnson, ET Beck, JJ AF Dowd, PF Barnett, CJ Johnson, ET Beck, JJ TI Leaf axil sampling of midwest US maize for mycotoxigenic Fusarium fungi using PCR analysis SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Fusarium; fumonisin; maize; mycotoxin; PCR; sap beetle ID ENVIRONMENTALLY SELECTIVE CONTROL; MALATHION FLOUR GRANULES; CHEWING INSECT PESTS; DENT CORN EARS; INDIRECT REDUCTION; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; NITIDULID BEETLES; GEOGRAPHIC AREAS; SECTION LISEOLA; SAP BEETLES AB PCR analysis was used to detect Fusarium species generically, as well as the mycotoxin-producing species F. subglutinans, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides in leaf axil and other maize tissues during ear fill in a multiyear study in central Illinois. The frequency of Fusarium detected varied from site to site and year to year. Fusarium was generically detected more frequently in leaf axil material than in leaf/husk lesions. In two growing seasons, the leaf axil samples were also tested for the presence of the mycotoxin producing species F proliferation, F subglutinans, and F. verticillioides. Overall, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides were detected less often than F. subglutinans. Fusarium was generically and specifically detected most commonly where visible fungal growth was present in leaf axil material. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Syngenta Biotechnol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dowdpf@mail.ncaur.usda.gov OI Johnson, Eric/0000-0002-1665-6229 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD NOV PY 2004 VL 158 IS 4 BP 431 EP 440 DI 10.1007/s11046-004-3862-5 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 893NR UT WOS:000226727000006 PM 15630552 ER PT J AU Zhu, JF Min, B Hu-Li, J Watson, CJ Grinberg, A Wang, Q Killeen, N Urban, JF Guo, LY Paul, WE AF Zhu, JF Min, B Hu-Li, J Watson, CJ Grinberg, A Wang, Q Killeen, N Urban, JF Guo, LY Paul, WE TI Conditional deletion of Gata3 shows its essential function in T(H)1-T(H)2 responses SO NATURE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA-3; CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; T-CELLS; IN-VIVO; TH2 DIFFERENTIATION; LINEAGE COMMITMENT; IL-4 PRODUCTION; ACTIVATED RAT; CUTTING EDGE; MICE AB Expression of the transcription factor GATA-3 is strongly associated with T helper type 2 (T(H)2) differentiation, but genetic evidence for its involvement in this process has been lacking. Here, we generated a conditional GATA-3-deficient mouse line. In vitro deletion of Gata3 diminished both interleukin 4 (IL-4)-dependent and IL-4-independent T(H)2 cell differentiation; without GATA-3, T(H)1 differentiation occurred in the absence of IL-12 and interferon-gamma. Gata3 deletion limited the growth of T(H)2 cells but not T(H)1 cells. Deletion of Gata3 from established T(H)2 cells abolished IL-5 and IL-13 but not IL-4 production. In vivo deletion of Gata3 using OX40-Cre eliminated T H 2 responses and allowed the development of interferon-gamma-producing cells in mice infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Thus, GATA-3 serves as a principal switch in determining T(H)1-T(H)2 responses. C1 NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USDA, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NICHHD, Lab Mammalian Genes & Dev, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Zhu, JF (reprint author), NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jfzhu@niaid.nih.gov RI Zhu, Jinfang/B-7574-2012; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 48 TC 335 Z9 353 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1529-2908 J9 NAT IMMUNOL JI Nat. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1157 EP 1165 DI 10.1038/ni1128 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 865HG UT WOS:000224692700013 PM 15475959 ER PT J AU Schmetterling, DA Adams, SB AF Schmetterling, DA Adams, SB TI Summer movements within the fish community of a small Montane stream SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; JAPANESE FLUVIAL SCULPIN; RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; HABITAT USE; WINTER MOVEMENTS; BLACKFOOT RIVER; COTTUS-POLLUX; BROOK TROUT; HOME RANGE AB We studied movements by fishes in Chamberlain Creek, Montana, from 24 July to 16 August 2001. We operated six weirs with two-way traps and one additional upstream trap, separated by 14-1,596 m, to quantify the timing, direction, and distance of movements and to estimate fish populations in the study reaches. We trapped and marked 567 fish of seven species, including 368 westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi and 172 sculpin (slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus and an unidentified species similar to mottled scutpin C. bairdii). We recaptured 173 westslope cutthroat trout and detected net movements as long as 1,581 m (median, 91 m). Bidirectional movements for H 6 westslope cutthroat trout ranged from less than 18 to more than 1,581 in (median, 64 m). Sculpin moved as far as 209 m (median, 26 m). We estimate that 14% of sculpin and 48% of westslope cutthroat trout were mobile during the study. We captured all species more frequently at night or twilight (n = 296) than during the day (n = 83) and more frequently moving downstream (n = 419) than upstream (n = 277). These results demonstrate considerable summer movement by the fish community in a small stream. C1 Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Schmetterling, DA (reprint author), Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, 3201 Spurgin Rd, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. EM dschmetterling@state.mt.us RI Adams, Susan/C-3559-2008 NR 44 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1163 EP 1172 DI 10.1577/M03-025.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800006 ER PT J AU Bryant, MD Caouette, JP Wright, BE AF Bryant, MD Caouette, JP Wright, BE TI Evaluating stream habitat survey data and statistical power using an example from southeast Alaska SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; COHO SALMON; WASHINGTON STREAMS; WESTERN WASHINGTON; SMOLT ABUNDANCE; OREGON; OCEAN; NERKA; FISH AB Stream habitat surveys and watershed assessments have been developed and used as monitoring tools for decades. Most rely on type 1 error as the primary criterion, with minor consideration of statistical power and effect size. We test for statistical differences in fish habitat condition between harvested and northarvested watersheds from habitat survey data collected in southeast Alaska. We apply statistical power analysis to judge whether nonsignificant results can be interpreted with confidence. None of the fish habitat variables we examined were significant at alpha = 0.05; however, several P-values were less than 0.10 and consistent differences between harvested and nonharvested reaches were observed among channel types. Statistical power is low and the probability of not detecting differences is high when the effect size, scaled to the standard deviation of the measurement, is small to medium. For large effect sizes, the ability to detect differences was greater but did not exceed 85% for any measurement. Statistical power, effect size, and biological significance of the outcome are important considerations when the results are interpreted and can lend additional information to managers making decisions with data that are less than perfect. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Bryant, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mdbryant@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1353 EP 1362 DI 10.1577/M03-123.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800023 ER PT J AU Kershner, JL Roper, BB Bouwes, N Henderson, R Archer, E AF Kershner, JL Roper, BB Bouwes, N Henderson, R Archer, E TI An analysis of stream habitat conditions in reference and managed watersheds on some federal lands within the Columbia River basin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MACROINVERTEBRATE FAUNA; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; GREAT-BRITAIN; FINE SEDIMENT; WOODY DEBRIS; MORPHOLOGY; STABILITY; IMPACTS; SITES AB The loss of both habitat quality and quantity for anadromous fish in the Columbia River basin has been identified as a major factor in the decline of many species and has been linked to a variety of land management activities. In this study, we compared stream reaches in watersheds representing both managed and reference conditions to determine whether we could detect differences in physical habitat variables. We divided stream habitat measures into three components: stream banks, instream habitat (pools and pool depth), and stream substrate. We randomly sampled perennial streams within 261 sixth hydrologic unit code (HUC) stream reaches on federal lands in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. The sample population represented stream reaches in 62 reference watersheds and 199 managed watersheds. An unbalanced, incomplete-block-design analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed on each of the habitat variables using geology type as the block effect and bank-full width, stream gradient, and average precipitation as the covariates. Watersheds containing reference stream reaches had a slightly higher percentage of federal lands, were smaller, tended to occur at higher mean elevations, and received more annual precipitation than did the managed watersheds. We observed differences in most measures of stream habitat between reference and managed watersheds, generally in the direction we expected. Stream banks were more stable and more undercut in reference stream reaches. Pools in reference stream reaches were deeper than pools in managed stream reaches and had less fine sediment in pool tails. Analysis of covariance was an effective way to compare data across a large, relatively heterogeneous landscape where sample site stratification may be impractical or sample sizes are limited. We believe that the comparison of reference conditions to conditions across managed landscapes provides a credible way to report on the condition of these systems in lieu of trend information at individual sites. C1 Utah State Univ, Fish Aquat Ecol Unit, US Forest Serv, Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Logan Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Eco Log Res, Providence, UT 84332 USA. RP Kershner, JL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Fish Aquat Ecol Unit, US Forest Serv, Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources Dept, 5210 Univ Hall, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kershner@cc.usu.edu RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 NR 73 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1363 EP 1375 DI 10.1577/M03-002.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 884JL UT WOS:000226080800024 ER PT J AU Qi, L Shen, H Larson, I Schaefer, EJ Greenberg, AS Tregouet, DA Corella, D Ordovas, JM AF Qi, L Shen, H Larson, I Schaefer, EJ Greenberg, AS Tregouet, DA Corella, D Ordovas, JM TI Gender-specific association of a perilipin gene haplotype with obesity risk in a white population SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adipose; lipolysis; triacylglycerol; polymorphism; haplotype ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; A-MEDIATED LIPOLYSIS; BODY-MASS INDEX; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; VARIANTS; PROTEIN; CELLS AB Objective: Perilipin is a class of protein-coating lipid droplets in adipocytes and steroidogenic cells. Our purpose was to examine the association between common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the perilipin (PLIN) locus and obesity, as well as related phenotypes, in unrelated American adults. Research Methods and Procedures: Four PLIN SNPs (PLIN 6209T>C, 11482G>A, 13041A>G, and 14995A>T) were typed in 734 white subjects (373 men and 361 Women) attending a residential lifestyle intervention program. The baseline anthropometric and biochemical measures were used. Obesity was defined as BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2). Results: Multivariate analysis demonstrated that, in women, two of the SNPs (13041A>G, and 14995A>T) were significantly associated with percentage body fat (p = 0.016 for 13041A>G and p = 0.010 for 14995A>T) and waist circumference (p = 0.020 for 13041A>G and p = 0.045 for 14995A>T). Moreover, haplotype analysis using these two SNPs indicated that haplotypes A/T and G/T were both associated with significantly increased obesity risk (odds ratio = 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 2.90 for haplotype A/T, and odds ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 2.82 for haplotype G/T) when compared with haplotype A/A. No significant associations between PLIN variations and obesity were found in men. Discussion: Our data support the hypothesis that the PLIN locus may be a significant genetic determinant for obesity risk in whites and that women are more sensitive to the genetic effects of perilipin than men. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Obes & Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, INSERM, U525, Fac Med, Paris, France. Univ Valencia, Dept Prevent Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. RP Qi, L (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Tregouet, David-Alexandre/E-3961-2016; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 33 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1758 EP 1765 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.218 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 882HG UT WOS:000225929400007 PM 15601970 ER PT J AU Huang, TTK Howarth, NYC Lin, BH Roberts, SB McCrory, MA AF Huang, TTK Howarth, NYC Lin, BH Roberts, SB McCrory, MA TI Energy intake and meal portions: Associations with BMI percentile in US children SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE energy intake; portion size; BMI; children; adolescents ID LABELED WATER METHOD; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; NUTRIENT INTAKE; WEIGHT; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY; WOMEN; SNACKING; TRENDS; AGES AB Objective: We examined relationships of eating patterns and reported energy intake (rEI) with BMI percentile in U.S. children. Research Methods and Procedures: Two 24-hour dietary recalls from the Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994 to 1996 and 1998 (1005 boys, 990 girls) were averaged, and children were categorized into three age groups: 3 to 5 years (n = 1077), 6 to 11 years (n = 537), and 12 to 19 years (n = 381). Physiologically implausible reports due to reporting bias or abnormal intake (rEI outside +/- 18% to 23% of predicted energy requirements; pER) were identified. Results: rEI averaged 109 +/- 34% and 100 +/- 10% of pER in the total and plausible samples, respectively. EI was overreported more in younger children and underreported more in overweight older children. Children with plausible rEI (45.3% of sample) averaged 4.7 eating occasions/d, 589 kcal/meal, 223 kcal/snack, and 2038 kcal/d. rEI was not associated with BMI percentile in the total sample. In the plausible sample, rEI, meal portion size, and meal energy were positively associated with BMI percentile in boys 6 to 11 years and in children 12 to 19 years. No relationships were found in children 3 to 5 years and girls 6 to 11 years. Relationships were more consistent and stronger in the plausible compared with the total sample. Discussion: Excluding implausible dietary reports may be necessary for discerning dietary associations with BMI percentile. EI and meal, but not snack, patterns may play a quantitatively greater role in weight regulation as children age. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP McCrory, MA (reprint author), Bastyr Univ, Sch Nutr & Exercise Sci, 14500 Juanita Dr NE, Kenmore, WA 98028 USA. EM mmccrory@bastyr.edu NR 50 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 3 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1875 EP 1885 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.233 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 882HG UT WOS:000225929400022 PM 15601985 ER PT J AU Kwit, C Levey, DJ Greenberg, CH AF Kwit, C Levey, DJ Greenberg, CH TI Contagious seed dispersal beneath heterospecific fruiting trees and its consequences SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID TERM APPARENT COMPETITION; MOIST TROPICAL FOREST; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; WOODY-PLANTS; COSTA-RICA; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; RECRUITMENT AB An hypothesized advantage of seed dispersal is avoidance of high per capita mortality (i.e. density-dependent mortality) associated with dense populations of seeds and seedlings beneath parent trees. This hypothesis, inherent in nearly all seed dispersal studies, assumes that density effects are species-specific. Yet because many tree species exhibit overlapping fruiting phenologies and share dispersers, seeds may be deposited preferentially under synchronously fruiting heterospecific trees, another location where they may be particularly vulnerable to mortality, in this case by generalist seed predators. We demonstrate that frugivores disperse higher densities of Cornusflorida seeds under fruiting (female) Ilexopaca trees than under non-fruiting (male) Ilex trees in temperate hardwood forest settings in South Carolina, USA. To determine if density of Cornus and/or Ilex seeds influences survivorship of dispersed Cornus seeds, we followed the fates of experimentally dispersed Cornus seeds in neighborhoods of differing, manipulated background densities of Cornus and Ilex seeds. We found that the probability of predation on dispersed Cornus seeds was a function of both Cornus and Ilex background seed densities. Higher densities of Ilex seeds negatively affected Cornus seed survivorship, and this was particularly evident as background densities of dispersed Cornus seeds increased. These results illustrate the importance of viewing seed dispersal and predation in a community context, as the pattern and intensity of density-dependent mortality may not be solely a function of conspecific densities. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Kwit, C (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM kwit@srel.edu NR 56 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD NOV PY 2004 VL 107 IS 2 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13388.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853XE UT WOS:000223863100009 ER PT J AU Creech, JE Monaco, TA Evans, JO AF Creech, JE Monaco, TA Evans, JO TI Photosynthetic and growth responses of Zea mays L and four weed species following post-emergence treatments with mesotrione and atrazine SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Western-Society-of-Weed-Science CY MAR 12, 2003 CL Kauai, HI SP Western Soc Weed Sci DE atrazine; mesotrione; photosynthesis; plant size; post-emergence; root growth ID P-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; FLUORESCENCE INDUCTION; FOLIAR ACTIVITY; HERBICIDE AB We compared photosynthesis and growth of Zea mays L (corn) and four weed species, Setaria viridis (L) Beauv (green foxtail), Echinochloa crus-galli (L) Beauv (barnyardgrass), Abutilon theophrasti Medic (velvetleaf), and Amaranthus retroflexus L (redroot pigweed), following foliar applications with atrazine, mesotrione, or a combination of atrazine and mesotrione in two greenhouse experiments. Plant responses to the three herbicide treatments were compared with responses of untreated plants (control). Photosynthesis on day 14 and dry mass of Z mays was not reduced by any of the herbicide treatments. Photosynthesis and dry mass of E crus-galli, A retroflexus and A theophrasti were significantly reduced by mesotrione and atrazine alone and in combination. Photosynthesis on day 14 and dry mass of large S viridis plants were not suppressed by either herbicide applied alone. The mesotrione plus atrazine treatment was the most effective treatment for grass weed control because plants did not regain photosynthetic capacity and had significantly lower dry mass. Shoot dry mass of broadleaf weeds was significantly reduced by all three herbicide treatments, except for A retroflexus treated with mesotrione alone. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Biometeorol Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Monaco, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tmonaco@cc.usu.edu RI Creech, Earl/J-9166-2015 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 60 IS 11 BP 1079 EP 1084 DI 10.1002/ps.924 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 865UB UT WOS:000224727600005 PM 15532681 ER PT J AU Linz, GM Knutsen, GA Homan, HJ Bleier, WJ AF Linz, GM Knutsen, GA Homan, HJ Bleier, WJ TI Attractiveness of brown rice baits to non-target birds in harvested corn and soybean fields SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DRC-1339; granivorous birds; Icteridae; non-target risk; spring migration ID SOUTH-DAKOTA; TREATED RICE; BLACKBIRDS; TOXICITY; WILDLIFE; DRC-1339; STUBBLE AB Brown rice is used as a bait-carrier for the avicide DRC-1339 (3-chloro-4-methylaniline) when baiting blackbirds (Icteridae). In March and April 1996 and 1997, we assessed non-target granivorous bird use of rice-baited plots placed in harvested corn and soybean fields in eastern South Dakota for 168 observation hours. In both years combined, we identified 10 and 14 granivorous species in corn and soybean fields, respectively. In 1996 (X = 0.2, SE = 0.04) and 1997 (X = 1.2, SE = 0.38), total numbers of granivores min(-1) were similar between crops (P greater than or equal to 0.322). In 1996, bird numbers were higher (P = 0.069) in rice-baited fields (X = 0.3, SE = 0.07) than in unbaited reference fields (X = 0.1, SE = 0.04). In 1997, bird numbers (X = 1.2, SE = 0.38) did not differ between treatments (P = 0.456). Our data show that small numbers of non-target birds visited the rice-baited plots. However, total number of different individual birds using the plots was unknown. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Linz, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, 2110 Miriam Circle,Suite B, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM george.m.linz@usda.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 60 IS 11 BP 1143 EP 1148 DI 10.1002/ps.913 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 865UB UT WOS:000224727600015 PM 15532691 ER PT J AU Heisler, GM Grant, RH Gao, W Slusser, JR AF Heisler, GM Grant, RH Gao, W Slusser, JR TI Solar ultraviolet-B radiation in urban environments: The case of Baltimore, Maryland SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects II CY OCT 25, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Oceanog, SPIE, NASA Earth Sci Technol Off, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Commun Res Lab, NOAA, Minist Sci & Technol, China Assoc Sci & Technol, State Ocean Adm, Chinese Meteorol Adm, CNSA, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Aerosp Cooperat Sci & Technol, Hangzhou City Govt, Michigan Aerosp Corp, NASDA Japan ID CANCER MORTALITY; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; UV-RADIATION; IRRADIANCE; SUNLIGHT; OZONE; VARIABILITY; EXPOSURE; BREAST AB Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-320 nm) has important effects in urban areas, including those on human health. Broadband UV-B radiation is monitored in Baltimore, MD, as part of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, a long-term ecological research program. We compare broadband UV-B irradiance in Baltimore with UV-B at two nearby locations: a more rural station 64 km southeast and a suburban station 42 kin southwest. The monitoring station in Baltimore is on the roof of a 33-m-tall building; there are no significant obstructions to sky view. The U.S. Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring and Research Program provided all sensors, which were calibrated at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Central UV Calibration Facility. UV-B irradiances at the three sites generally were similar. Over all conditions, Baltimore and the suburban site measured 3.4% less irradiance than the rural site. This difference is within the anticipated :+/-3% calibration uncertainty of the pyranometers. On 59 days with cloud-free conditions at all three sites, average differences in measured UV-B among the three sites were even smaller; Baltimore measured 1.2% less irradiance than the rural site. High aerosol optical thickness strongly reduced daily UV-B dose, whereas [SO(2)] had no influence. Surface O(3) increased with increasing UV-B dose when [NO(2)] exceeded 10 ppb. C1 SUNY ESF, USDA, Forest Serv, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Syracuse, NY USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Heisler, GM (reprint author), SUNY ESF, USDA, Forest Serv, 5 Moon Lib, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM gheisler@fs.fed.us RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 80 IS 3 BP 422 EP 428 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 890PX UT WOS:000226524400008 PM 15623324 ER PT J AU Pfeffer, PE Shachar-Hill, Y Tu, SI Brauer, D AF Pfeffer, PE Shachar-Hill, Y Tu, SI Brauer, D TI Measurement of intracellular pH in maize root tissue with alpha-methyl fluorinated alanines and in-vivo F-19 NMR spectroscopy SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HIGHER-PLANT CELLS; VACUOLAR PH; C-3 PLANTS; MALATE; ATPASE; COMPARTMENTATION; METABOLISM; TRANSPORT; INDICATOR AB Methods for the simultaneous measurement of vacuolar and cytoplasmic pH in plant tissues currently have significant limitations. This study demonstrates the usefulness of methyl difluoro alanine (F(2)ALA) and methyl trifluoro alanine (F(3)ALA) with in-vivo F-19 NMR spectroscopy to measure vacuolar and cytoplasmic pH in maize root tissue. The pH dependence of the chemical shift of F(2)ALA and F(3)ALA is greater than either the commonly used P-31 NMR signal of inorganic phosphate or the C-13 NMR signals of trans-aconitic acid, which is also found in some plant cells. F(2)ALA and F(3)ALA were also able to detect changes over a greater range of pH. When maize root tissue was incubated in the presence of 0.35 mm F(2)ALA or F(3)ALA, these accumulated to significant concentrations in two compartments of different pH with no significant effect on growth rate of root tips. The time course of accumulation and the pH of the two compartments were consistent with one being the cytoplasm and the other the vacuole. The chemical shift of both C-2 of trans-aconitic acid and vacuolar F(3)ALA indicated that the mean vacuolar pH of maize root cells was 4.6 and that the pH gradient across the tonoplast membrane was about 2.8 units. Under a variety of conditions, there was considerable heterogeneity in the pH of the vacuoles in maize root tissue as indicated by the peak width of the signal from F(3)ALA. The significance of these values is discussed in terms of the bioenergetics of proton transport across the tonoplast membrane in vivo. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Pfeffer, PE (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ppfeffer@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Shachar-Hill, Yair/B-6165-2013 OI Shachar-Hill, Yair/0000-0001-8793-5084 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-9317 EI 1399-3054 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 122 IS 3 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00404.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 861TY UT WOS:000224442700010 ER PT J AU Weiland, JJ AF Weiland, JJ TI Production of protease isozymes by Aphanomyces cochlioides and Aphanomyces euteiches SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris L.; Aphanomyces; Saprolegnia; protease; virulence ID CRAYFISH PLAGUE FUNGUS; ROOT-ROT; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; CELL-WALL; PATHOGENESIS; RESISTANCE; PROTEINS; PYTHIUM; ASTACI AB The production of protease activity by the sugarbeet pathogen Aphanomyces cochlioides, the legume pathogen A. euteiches, and the fish pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica was examined. Protease activity was readily detected in supernatants of water cultures of each organism using autoclaved host tissue as a nutrient source. Most of the protease isozymes extracted from sugarbeet and pea seedlings infected with A. cochlioides and A. euteiches, respectively, co-migrated with enzymes produced by the pathogens in culture. In inoculated sugarbeet seedlings, the protease activities were detected prior to or concommitent with the onset of disease symptoms and the activities were capable of digesting protein extracted from sugarbeet hypocotyls. Use of class-specific inhibitors indicated that a portion of the protease activity was of the trypsin-class. Trypsin-like isozymes that possessed a relatively fast electrophoretic migration were detected in the A. cochhoides, A. euteiches, and S. parasitica protease complements, whereas the remaining isozymes were not affected by any of the inhibitors tested. Proteinaceous trypsin inhibitors from the legumes lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and soybean (Glycine max) inhibited the trypsin-like isozymes from A. cochlioides, but not A. euteiches, whereas low molecular weight, synthetic trypsin inhibitors inhibited these isozymes from both pathogen sources. The potential role of protease inhibition in determining host range in phytopathogenic Aphanomyces species is discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Weiland, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM weilandj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 65 IS 5 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2005.02.005 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 938AV UT WOS:000229973200002 ER PT J AU Manners, GD Breksa, AP AF Manners, GD Breksa, AP TI Identifying citrus limonoid aglycones by HPLC-EI/MS and HPLC-APCI/MS techniques SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE HPLC-MS; limonoids; Citrus spp ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IONIZATION; JUICES AB HPLC coupled with normal phase electron ionisation (EI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI)/ mass spectrometry methods has been applied to identify 17 known neutral limonoid aglycones from Citrus sources. The HPLC-MS data from the known limonoids provided chromatographic characteristics, APCI-derived molecular weight data and El fragmentation data for each limonoid. El fragmentation patterns for the limonoids were correlated with structural characteristics. The El fragmentation patterns coupled with APCI-derived molecular weights were utilised as a potential method by which to discern the structural character of unknown citrus limonoids. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Manners, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gmann@pw.usda.gov NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 15 IS 6 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1002/pca.790 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 876MC UT WOS:000225500000005 PM 15595452 ER PT J AU Scheuerell, SJ Mahaffee, WF AF Scheuerell, SJ Mahaffee, WF TI Compost tea as a container medium drench for suppressing seedling damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; PROSPECTS AB Compost tea is being used increasingly in agricultural production to control plant diseases. However, there has been limited investigation relating disease control efficacy to various compost tea production methods, particularly compost tea produced with active aeration and additives to increase microbial population densities in compost tea. Aerated compost tea (ACT) and nonaerated compost tea (NCT), produced with or without additives, was investigated for the suppression of damping-off of cucumber caused by Pythium ultimum. Compost tea was used to drench soilless container medium inoculated with P. ultimum; effect on damping-off ranged from not suppressive to consistently suppressive depending on the method used to produce the tea. The most consistent formulation for damping-off suppression was ACT produced with kelp and humic acid additives. Producing ACT with a molasses-based additive inconsistently suppressed damping-off; evidence suggests that residual nutrients can interfere with disease suppression. Heating or diluting compost tea negated suppression. Across all compost tea samples, there was no significant relationship of bacterial populations, measured as active cells, total cells, or CFU, to disease suppression. However, for all ACT produced without the molasses-based additive, there was a threshold of bacterial population density (6 log(10) active cells per ml, 7.48 log(10) total cells per ml, or 7 log(10) CFU per ml) above which compost teas were suppressive. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Mahaffee, WF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM mahaffew@science.oregonstate.edu NR 19 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2004 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1156 EP 1163 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.11.1156 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 867KQ UT WOS:000224841900001 PM 18944450 ER PT J AU Heist, EP Zaitlin, D Funnell, DL Nesmith, WC Schardl, CL AF Heist, EP Zaitlin, D Funnell, DL Nesmith, WC Schardl, CL TI Necrotic lesion resistance induced by Peronospora tabacina on leaves of Nicotiana obtusifolia SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desert tobacco; oomycete; tissue specificity ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE; TOBACCO BLUE MOLD; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM; AVIRULENCE DETERMINANTS; COMPATIBLE INTERACTIONS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SALICYLIC-ACID AB Infection of Nicotiana obtusifolia plant introduction (PI) #555573 by the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora tabacina resulted in a compatible interaction, in which R tabacina penetrated and freely colonized host leaf tissue. This interaction became incompatible 5 to 6 days later, with the appearance of necrotic lesions (NLs) and inhibition of pathogen growth and subsequent sporulation. NL development depended upon the presence of R tabacina in host tissue, was not due to the effects of other microbes, and occurred co-incident in time with the pathogen's ability to produce asexual sporangia on a susceptible N. obtusifolia genotype. Inhibition of the necrotic response by CoC2 (a calcium channel blocker) and pathogen-induced transcription of a defense-related gene (PR-1a) suggested that necrosis was due to hypersensitive cell death in the host. In contrast, N. obtusifolia PI#555543 did not exhibit hypersensitivity upon infection by R tabacina, but rather developed characteristic symptoms of tobacco blue mold disease: chlorotic lesions accompanied by abundant pathogen sporulation. Disease reactions scored on PI#555573 x PI#555543 F-2 progeny inoculated with R tabacina sporangia indicated that the resistance phenotype was due to the action of a single gene from N. obtusifolia PI#555573, which we have named Rptl. To date, Rptl is the only gene known to confer a hypersensitive response (HR) to R tabacina infection in any species of Nicotiana. A survey of wild N. obtusifolia revealed that the HR to R tabacina was expressed in the progeny of 7 of 21 (33%) plants collected in southern Arizona, but not in the progeny of plants originating from Death Valley National Park in California and the Big Bend National Park in west Texas. C1 Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Tobacco Res & Dev Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Soghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Schardl, CL (reprint author), Pikeville Coll, Sch Osteopath Med, Pikeville, KY 41501 USA. EM schardl@uky.edu RI Schardl, Christopher/P-5655-2014 OI Schardl, Christopher/0000-0003-2197-0842 NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2004 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1178 EP 1188 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.11.1178 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 867KQ UT WOS:000224841900004 PM 18944453 ER PT J AU Adhikari, TB Cavaletto, JR Dubcovsky, J Gieco, JO Schlatter, AR Goodwin, SB AF Adhikari, TB Cavaletto, JR Dubcovsky, J Gieco, JO Schlatter, AR Goodwin, SB TI Molecular mapping of the Stb4 gene for resistance to Septoria tritici blotch in wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE marker-assisted selection; Triticum aestivum ID LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; WINTER-WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; RUSSIAN WHEAT; AFLP MARKERS; SPRING WHEAT; DNA; IDENTIFICATION AB Breeding wheat for resistance is the most effective means to control Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici). At least eight genes that confer resistance to STB in wheat have been identified. Among them, the Stb4 locus from the wheat cv. Tadinia showed resistance to M. graminicola at both seedling and adult-plant stages. However, no attempt has been made to map the Stb4 locus in the wheat genome. A mapping population of 77 F-10 recombinant-inbred lines (RILs) derived from a three-way cross between the resistant cv. Tadinia and the susceptible parent (Yecora Rojo x UC554) was evaluated for disease resistance and molecular mapping. The RILs were tested with Argentina isolate 1 89 of M. graminicola for one greenhouse season in Brazil during 1999, with an isolate from Brazil (1PBrl) for one field season in Piracicaba (Brazil) during 2000, and with Indiana tester isolate IN95-Lafayette-1196-WW-1-4 in the greenhouse during 2000 and 2001. The ratio of resistant:susceptible RILs was 1: 1 in all three tests, confirming the single-gene model for control of resistance to STB in Tadinia. However, the patterns of resistance and susceptibility were different between the Indiana isolate and those from South America. For example, the ratio of RILs resistant to both the Indiana and Argentina isolates, resistant to one but susceptible to the other, and susceptible to both isolates was approximately 1: 1: 1: 1, indicating that Tadinia may contain at least two genes for resistance to STB. A similar pattern was observed between the Indiana and Brazil isolates. The gene identified with the Indiana tester isolate was assumed to be the same as Stb4, whereas that revealed by the South American isolates may be new. Bulked-segegant analysis was used to identify amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite markers linked to the presumed Stb4 gene. The AFLP marker EcoRI-ACTG/MseI-CAAA5 and microsatellite Xgwmlll were closely linked to the Stb4 locus in coupling at distances of 2.1 and 0.7 centimorgans (cM), respectively. A flanking marker, AFLP EAGG/M-CATIO, was 4 cM from Stb4. The Stb4 gene was in a potential supercluster of resistance genes near the centromere on the short arm of wheat chromosome 7D that also contained Stb5 plus five previously identified genes for resistance to Russian wheat aphid. The microsatellite marker Xgwnilll identified in this study may be useful for facilitating the transfer of Stb4 into improved cultivars of wheat. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USP, ESALQ, Dept Genet, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sgoodwin@purdue.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 NR 51 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2004 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1198 EP 1206 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.11.1198 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 867KQ UT WOS:000224841900006 PM 18944455 ER PT J AU Anderson, LM Stockwell, VO Loper, JE AF Anderson, LM Stockwell, VO Loper, JE TI An extracellular protease of Pseudomonas fluorescens inactivates antibiotics of Pantoea agglomerans SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Erwinia herbicola ID ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; FIRE BLIGHT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; BIOCONTROL AGENT; PEAR BLOSSOMS; STRAIN A506; TAKE-ALL; HERBICOLA; PATHOGEN AB Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 and Pantoea agglomerans strains Eh252 and C9-1 are biological control agents that suppress fire blight, an important disease of pear and apple caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 suppresses disease largely through competitive exclusion of E. amylovora on surfaces of blossoms, the primary infection court, whereas Pantoea agglomerans strains Eh252 and C9-1 produce antibiotics that are toxic to E. amylovora. In this study, an extracellular protease produced by A506 is characterized and evaluated for its capacity to inactivate the antibiotics produced by the strains of Pantoea agglomerans. Activity of the extracellular protease was optimal at pH 9 and inhibited by zinc- or calcium-chelators, indicating that the protease is an alkaline metal loprotease. In an agar plate bioassay, partially purified extracellular protease inactivated the antibiotics mccEh252 and herbicolin 0, which are produced by Pantoea agglomerans strains Eh252 and C9-1, respectively. Derivatives of A506 deficient in extracellular protease production were obtained by transposon mutagenesis, and the aprX gene encoding the protease was cloned and sequenced. Strain A506 inactivated mccEh252 and herbicolin 0 in agar plate bioassays, whereas the aprX mutant did not inactivate the antibiotics. Both A506 and the aprX mutant were insensitive to antibiosis by C9-1 and Eh252; thus, the protease was not required to protect A506 from antibiosis. These data highlight a previously unknown role of the extracellular protease produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 in interactions among plant-associated microbes. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Stockwell, VO (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM stockwev@science.oregonstate.edu NR 42 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2004 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1228 EP 1234 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.11.1228 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 867KQ UT WOS:000224841900009 PM 18944458 ER PT J AU Kloepper, JW Ryu, CM Zhang, SA AF Kloepper, JW Ryu, CM Zhang, SA TI Induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by Bacillus spp. SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Application of Biocontrol Microbes CY AUG 12, 2003 CL Charlotte, NC ID METHYL-BROMIDE FUMIGATION; PYTHIUM ROOT-ROT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; BLUE MOLD; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; CUCUMBER DISEASES; FIELD CONDITIONS; LEAF-SPOT; RHIZOBACTERIA AB Elicitation of induced systemic resistance (ISR) by plant-associated bacteria was initially demonstrated using Pseudomonas spp. and other gram-negative bacteria. Several reviews have summarized various aspects of the large volume of literature on Pseudomonas spp. as elicitors of ISR. Fewer published accounts of ISR by Bacillus spp. are available, and we review this literature for the first time. Published results are summarized showing that specific strains of the species B. amylolique/aciens, B. subtilis, B. pasteurii, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. mycoides, and B. sphaericus elicit significant reductions in the incidence or severity of various diseases on a diversity of hosts. Elicitation of ISR by these strains has been demonstrated in greenhouse or field trials on tomato, bell pepper, muskmelon, watermelon, sugar beet, tobacco, Arabidopsis sp., cucumber, loblolly pine, and two tropical crops (long cayenne pepper and green kuang futsoi). Protection resulting from ISR elicited by Bacillus spp. has been reported against leaf-spotting fungal and bacterial pathogens, systemic viruses, a crown-rotting fungal pathogen, root-knot nematodes, and a stem-blight fungal pathogen as well as damping-off, blue mold, and late blight diseases. Reductions in populations of three insect vectors have also been noted in the field: striped and spotted cucumber beetles that transmit cucurbit wilt disease and the silver leaf whitefly that transmits Tomato mottle virus. In most cases, Bacillus spp. that elicit ISR also elicit plant growth promotion. Studies on mechanisms indicate that elicitation of ISR by Bacillus spp. is associated with ultrastructural changes in plants during pathogen attack and with cytochemical alterations. Investigations into the signal transduction pathways of elicited plants suggest that Bacillus spp. activate some of the same pathways as Pseudomonas spp. and some additional pathways. For example, ISR elicited by several strains of Bacillus spp. is independent of salicylic acid but dependent on jasmonic acid, ethylene, and the regulatory gene NPRI-results that are in agreement with the model for ISR elicited by Pseudomonas spp. However, in other cases, ISR elicited by Bacillus spp. is dependent on salicylic acid and independent of jasmonic acid and NPRI. In addition, while ISR by Pseudomonas spp. does not lead to accumulation of the defense gene PRI in plants, in some cases, ISR by Bacillus spp. does. Based on the strains and results summarized in this review, two products for commercial agriculture have been developed, one aimed mainly at plant growth promotion for transplanted vegetables and one, which has received registration from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, for disease protection on soybean. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Lab Microbial Genom, Taejon 305333, South Korea. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bio Protect Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kloepper, JW (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM kloepjw@auburn.edu NR 41 TC 485 Z9 545 U1 11 U2 175 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2004 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1259 EP 1266 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.11.1259 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 867KQ UT WOS:000224841900015 PM 18944464 ER PT J AU Schisler, DA Slininger, RJ Behle, RW Jackson, MA AF Schisler, DA Slininger, RJ Behle, RW Jackson, MA TI Formulation of Bacillus spp. for biological control of plant diseases SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Application of Biocontrol Microbes CY AUG 12, 2003 CL Charlotte, NC ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; EUTYPA-LATA; THURINGIENSIS; BIOCONTROL; MIXTURES; SUBTILIS; RHIZOBACTERIA AB Maximizing the potential for successfully developing and deploying a biocontrol product begins with a carefully crafted microbial screening procedure, proceeds with developing mass production protocols that optimize product quantity and quality, and ends with devising a product formulation that preserves shelf-life, aids product delivery, and enhances bioactivity. Microbial selection procedures that require prospective biocontrol agents to possess both efficacy and amenability to production in liquid culture increase the likelihood of selecting agents with enhanced commercial development potential. Scale-up of biomass production procedures must optimize product quantity without compromise of product efficacy or amenability to stabilization and formulation. Formulation of Bacillus spp. for use against plant pathogens is an enormous topic in general terms but limited in published specifics regarding formulations used in commercially available products. Types of formulations include dry products such as wettable powders, dusts, and granules, and liquid products including cell suspensions in water, oils, and emulsions. Cells can also be microencapsulated. Considerations critical to designing successful formulations of microbial biomass are many fold and include preserving biomass viability during stabilization, drying, and rehydration; aiding biomass delivery, target coverage, and target adhesion; and enhancing biomass survival and efficacy after delivery to the target. Solutions to these formulation considerations will not necessarily be compatible. Data from several biocontrol systems including the use of B. subtilis OH 131.1 (NRRL B-30212) to reduce Fusarium head blight of wheat are used to illustrate many of these issues. Using our recently described assay for efficiently evaluating biomass production and formulation protocols, we demonstrate the effectiveness, in vitro, of UV protectant compounds lignin (PC 1307) and Blankophor BBH in reducing OH 131.1 morbidity when cells were exposed to UV light from artificial sunlight. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM schislda@ncaur.usda.gov NR 47 TC 97 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2004 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1267 EP 1271 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.11.1267 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 867KQ UT WOS:000224841900016 PM 18944465 ER PT J AU Hwang, YT Pelitire, SM Henderson, MPA Andrews, DW Dyer, JM Mullen, RT AF Hwang, YT Pelitire, SM Henderson, MPA Andrews, DW Dyer, JM Mullen, RT TI Novel targeting signals mediate the sorting of different isoforms of the tail-anchored membrane protein cytochrome b5 to either endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID DESATURASES; RICINUS-COMMUNIS L; MICROSOMAL PREPARATIONS; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; OUTER-MEMBRANE; RAT-LIVER; PHOTOACTIVATABLE PHOSPHOLIPIDS; INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES; REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; EMBEDDED SEGMENT AB Tail-anchored membrane proteins are a class of proteins that are targeted posttranslationally to various organelles and integrated by a single segment of hydrophobic amino acids located near the C terminus. Although the localization of tail-anchored proteins in specific subcellular compartments in plant cells is essential for their biological function, the molecular targeting signals responsible for sorting these proteins are not well defined. Here, we describe the biogenesis of four closely related tung (Aleurites fordii) cytochrome b(5) isoforms (Cb5-A, -B, -C, and -D), which are small tail-anchored proteins that play an essential role in many cellular processes, including lipid biosynthesis. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that Cb5-A, -B, and -C are targeted exclusively to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas Cb5-D is targeted specifically to mitochondrial outer membranes. Comprehensive mutational analyses of ER and mitochondrial Cb5s revealed that their C termini, including transmembrane domains (TMD) and tail regions, contained several unique physicochemical and sequence-specific characteristics that defined organelle-specific targeting motifs. Mitochondrial targeting of Cb5 was mediated by a combination of hydrophilic amino acids along one face of the TMD, an enrichment of branched beta-carbon-containing residues in the medial portion of the TMD, and a dibasic -R-R/K/H-x motif in the C-terminal tail. By contrast, ER targeting of Cb5 depended primarily upon the overall length and hydrophobicity of the TMD, although an -R/H-x-Y/F- motif in the tail was also a targeting determinant. Collectively, the results presented provide significant insight into the early biogenetic events required for entry of tail-anchored proteins into either the ER or mitochondrial targeting pathways. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Bot, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Biochem, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. RP Mullen, RT (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Bot, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM rtmullen@uoguelph.ca NR 74 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 2004 VL 16 IS 11 BP 3002 EP 3019 DI 10.1105/tpc.104.026039 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 872SK UT WOS:000225228500012 PM 15486098 ER PT J AU Khanna, R Huq, E Kikis, EA Al-Sady, B Lanzatella, C Quail, PH AF Khanna, R Huq, E Kikis, EA Al-Sady, B Lanzatella, C Quail, PH TI A novel molecular recognition motif necessary for targeting photoactivated phytochrome signaling to specific basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID SEEDLING DE-ETIOLATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHOTOSENSORY PERCEPTION; INTERACTING FACTOR-3; GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR FAMILY; LIGHT; TRANSDUCTION; PROTEIN; PIF3 AB The phytochrome (phy) family of sensory photoreceptors (phyA to phyE) in Arabidopsis thaliana control plant developmental transitions in response to informational light signals throughout the life cycle. The photoactivated conformer of the photoreceptor Pfr has been shown to translocate into the nucleus where it induces changes in gene expression by an unknown mechanism. Here, we have identified two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, designated PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR5 (PIF5) and PIF6, which interact specifically with the Pfr form of phyB. These two factors cluster tightly with PIF3 and two other phy-interacting bHLH proteins in a phylogenetic subfamily within the large Arabidopsis bHLH (AtbHLH) family. We have identified a novel sequence motif (designated the active phytochrome binding [APB] motif) that is conserved in these phy-interacting AtbHLHs but not in other noninteractors. Using the isolated domain and site-directed mutagenesis, we have shown that this motif is both necessary and sufficient for binding to phyB. Transgenic expression of the native APB-containing AtbHLH protein, PIF4, in a pif4 null mutant, rescued the photoresponse defect in this mutant, whereas mutated PIF4 constructs with site-directed substitutions in conserved APB residues did not. These data indicate that the APB motif is necessary for PIF4 function in light-regulated seedling development and suggest that conformer-specific binding of phyB to PIF4 via the APB motif is necessary for this function in vivo. Binding assays with the isolated APB domain detected interaction with phyB, but none of the other four Arabidopsis phys. Collectively, the data suggest that the APB domain provides a phyB-specific recognition module within the AtbHLH family, thereby conferring photoreceptor target specificity on a subset of these transcription factors and, thus, the potential for selective signal channeling to segments of the transcriptional network. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475, R01 GM047475] NR 35 TC 172 Z9 200 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 2004 VL 16 IS 11 BP 3033 EP 3044 DI 10.1105/tpc.104.025643 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 872SK UT WOS:000225228500014 PM 15486100 ER PT J AU Verica, JA Maximova, SN Strem, MD Carlson, JE Bailey, BA Guiltinan, MJ AF Verica, JA Maximova, SN Strem, MD Carlson, JE Bailey, BA Guiltinan, MJ TI Isolation of ESTs from cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) leaves treated with inducers of the defense response SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Theobroma cacao; defense; salicylic acid; methyl jasmonate; ethylene; Nep1 ID PLANT DEFENSE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; NITRIC-OXIDE; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; NECROSIS AB Pathogenic diseases represent a major constraint to the growth and yield of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). Ongoing research on model plant systems has revealed that defense responses are activated via signaling pathways mediated by endogenous signaling molecules such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene. Activation of plant defenses is associated with changes in the expression of large numbers of genes. To gain a better understanding of defense responses in cacao, we have employed suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries, macroarray hybridization analysis, high throughput DNA sequencing and bioinformatics to identify cacao genes induced by these signaling molecules. Additionally, we investigated gene activation by a phytotoxic elicitor-like protein, Nep1. We have identified a unigene set of 1,256 members, including 330 members representing genes induced during the defense response. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, Coll Agr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Guiltinan, MJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, Coll Agr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mjg9@psu.edu NR 32 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD NOV PY 2004 VL 23 IS 6 BP 404 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s00299-004-0852-5 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 872KQ UT WOS:000225206500008 PM 15340758 ER PT J AU Eckhardt, LG Jones, JP Klepzig, KD AF Eckhardt, LG Jones, JP Klepzig, KD TI Pathogenicity of Leptographium species associated with loblolly pine decline SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE root disease; root feeding insects ID BARK BEETLES COLEOPTERA; VERTICICLADIELLA-PROCERA; PONDEROSA PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; BLUE-STAIN; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; CERATOCYSTIS-WAGENERI; MYCANGIAL FUNGI; ROOT DISEASE; SCOLYTIDAE AB Freshly lifted seedlings and 21-year-old trees of loblolly pine were wound-inoculated with Leptographium species recovered from the soil and/or roots of trees with loblolly decline symptoms in central Alabama. Seedlings inoculated with L. procerum in the greenhouse produced significantly fewer root initials and a smaller root Mass than control seedlings. Vertical lesions produced in seedlings by L. serpens and L. terebrantis were significantly longer than in controls. Lesions produced in mature trees by L. serpens and L. lundbergii were significantly longer than in controls. Of the fungi tested, L. serpens, L. terebrantis, and L. lundbergii were the most agressive and may pose the greatest threat to loblolly pines. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Eckhardt, LG (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM LeptoGirl03@aol.com NR 45 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 88 IS 11 BP 1174 EP 1178 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.11.1174 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 865GB UT WOS:000224689500003 ER PT J AU Sun, XA Stall, RE Jones, JB Cubero, J Gottwald, TR Graham, JH Dixon, WN Schubert, TS Chaloux, PH Stromberg, VK Lacy, GH Sutton, BD AF Sun, XA Stall, RE Jones, JB Cubero, J Gottwald, TR Graham, JH Dixon, WN Schubert, TS Chaloux, PH Stromberg, VK Lacy, GH Sutton, BD TI Detection and characterization of a new strain of citrus canker bacteria from key Mexican lime and Alemow in South Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE canker eradication; disease diagnosis; taxonomy of xanthomonads ID CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; PHASEOLI EX SMITH; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENUS XANTHOMONAS; CAUSAL AGENT; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASES; RECLASSIFICATION AB In the Wellington and Lake Worth areas of Palm Beach County, FL, citrus canker appeared on Key/Mexican lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) and alemow (C. macrophylla) trees over a period of about 6 to 7 years before detection, but nearby canker-susceptible citrus, such as grapefruit (C. x paradisi) and sweet orange (C. sinensis), were unaffected. Colonies of the causal bacterium isolated from leaf, stem, and fruit lesions, appeared similar to the Asiatic group of strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac-A) on the nutrient agar plate, but the growth on lima bean agar slants was less mucoid. The bacterium produced erumpent, pustule-like lesions of typical Asiatic citrus canker syndrome after inoculation into Key/Mexican lime, but brownish, flat, and necrotic lesions on the leaves of Duncan grapefruit, Madame Vinous sweet orange, sour orange (C. aurantium), citron (C. medica), Orlando tangelo (C. reticulata x C. x paradisi), and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata). The bacterium did not react with the Xac-A specific monoclonal antibody A1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and could not be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays using primers selected for Xac-A. DNA reassociation analysis confirmed that the pathogen, designated as Xac-A(W), was more closely related to Xac-A and Xac-A* strains than X. axonopodis pv. aurantfolii or the citrus bacterial spot pathogen (X. axonopodis pv. citrumelo). The strain can be easily differentiated from Xac-A and Xac-A* using ELISA, PCR-based tests, fatty acid analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA, and host specificity. C1 Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA, Citrus Canker Eradicat Program, Plantation, FL 33313 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Sun, XA (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. EM sunx@doacs.state.fl.us; cubero@inia.es RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008; Cubero, Jaime/D-2322-2017 OI Cubero, Jaime/0000-0002-4314-857X NR 54 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 88 IS 11 BP 1179 EP 1188 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.11.1179 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 865GB UT WOS:000224689500004 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K AF Baumgartner, K TI Root collar excavation for postinfection control of Armillaria root disease of grapevine SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera ID HOST-RESISTANCE; METHYL-BROMIDE; MELLEA; TRICHODERMA; CALIFORNIA; INFECTION; SOIL; SURVIVAL; VINEYARD; ROT AB Root collar excavation for control of Armillaria root disease of grapevine was investigated in two California vineyards (vineyard K1 and vineyard N1) from 2002 to 2004. The hypothesis tested was that root collar excavation, when timed in early stages of root collar infection, may cause mycelial fans of the pathogen Armillaria mellea to recede from the root collar before severe disease results from vascular tissue decay. In vineyard N1, excavation significantly increased yield and cluster weight of symptomatic grapevines; symptomatic-excavated grapevines had the same high mean cluster weight as healthy grapevines, and there were no significant effects of excavation on yield or pruning weight of healthy grapevines. In vineyard K1, where excavated root collars frequently refilled with soil, excavation had no significant effects on yield or pruning weight of symptomatic grapevines, and significantly reduced pruning weight and shoot weight of healthy grapevines. Reexamination in March 2004 revealed that mycelial fans had receded from root collars of symptomatic-excavated grapevines, but remained on root collars of symptomatic-nonexcavated grapevines. Root collar excavation appears to be a promising cultural approach for control of Armillaria root disease, as long as excavated root collars are kept clear of soil. C1 USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu NR 20 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 88 IS 11 BP 1235 EP 1240 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.11.1235 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 865GB UT WOS:000224689500011 ER PT J AU Viji, G Uddin, W O'Neill, NR Mischke, S Saunders, JA AF Viji, G Uddin, W O'Neill, NR Mischke, S Saunders, JA TI Genetic diversity of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa isolates from turfgrasses from various regions in North America SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; POPULATIONS; PATHOGENICITY; FUNGICIDES; RESISTANCE; ONTARIO AB Sixty-seven isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, causing dollar spot disease in creeping bentgrass, annual bluegrass, Bermudagrass, and perennial ryegrass turf, collected from 23 golf courses in various geographical regions of the United States and Canada between 1972 and 2001, were characterized by vegetative compatibility, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity. Eleven vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs A to K) were identified among the isolates tested in this study, and five of them (VCGs G to K) were new. VCG B was the most predominant group, typifying 33 isolates (51%) tested. S. homoeocarpa isolates collected from golf courses in Pennsylvania belonged to seven VCGs (A, B, E, F, G, I, and K), whereas three groups were observed in those collected from New York (B, E, and G) and New Jersey (E, H, and I). Two isolates, one each from ennsylvania and Canada, were incompatible when paired with the tester isolates in all possible combinations, and did not fall into any known VCG. An isolate collected from Canada was compatible with tester isolates from two VCGs (C and D). Genetic analyses using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) showed the presence of two genetically distinct groups, designated as major group and the minor group. The major group included 36 isolates collected from various golf courses in the United States and Canada. Two isolates collected from bermudagrass in Florida formed a separate cluster, the minor group. Isolates that belonged to the major group were further divided into two subgroups (1 and 2). Subgroup I consisted of all the isolates that belonged to VCGs A, E, G, H, and I. Three of the four isolates that belonged to VCG K also were clustered with isolates of subgroup 1. Subgroup 2 consisted of all the isolates from VCG B, and one each from VCGs F and K. Pathogenicity assays on Penncross creeping bentgrass showed significant differences (P = 0.05) in virulence among the isolates. Overall, a relationship between virulence and VCGs was observed, in which certain virulence groups corresponded to specific VCGs; however, such a relationship was not observed between virulence and AFLPs. Close similarity among isolates of S. homoeocarpa collected from different locations in the United States and Canada suggests that isolates of the same genotype could be involved in outbreaks of dollar spot epidemics at multiple locations. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Uddin, W (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM wxu2@psu.edu NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 88 IS 11 BP 1269 EP 1276 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.11.1269 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 865GB UT WOS:000224689500017 ER PT J AU Badillo-Ponce, G Fernandez-Pavia, SP Grunwald, NJ Garay-Serrano, E Rodriguez-Alvarado, G Lozoya-Saldana, H AF Badillo-Ponce, G Fernandez-Pavia, SP Grunwald, NJ Garay-Serrano, E Rodriguez-Alvarado, G Lozoya-Saldana, H TI First report of blight on Ipomoea purpurea caused by Phytophthora ipomoeae SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID TOLUCA VALLEY C1 ICAMEX, Conjunto SEDAGRO Metepec, Mexico City 52140, DF, Mexico. Univ Michoacana, Inst Invest Agropecuarias & Forestales, Tarimbaro 58880, Mexico. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. IFIT, Col Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. RP Badillo-Ponce, G (reprint author), ICAMEX, Conjunto SEDAGRO Metepec, Mexico City 52140, DF, Mexico. RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Garay-Serrano, Edith/B-2883-2017 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Garay-Serrano, Edith/0000-0001-5077-642X NR 2 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 88 IS 11 BP 1283 EP 1283 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.11.1283C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 865GB UT WOS:000224689500021 ER PT J AU Phibbs, A Barta, A AF Phibbs, A Barta, A TI First report of Soybean dwarf virus on soybean in Wisconsin SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID CLOVER C1 Wisconsin Dept Agr Trade & Consumer Protect, Madison, WI 53707 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Phibbs, A (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Agr Trade & Consumer Protect, 4702 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53707 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 88 IS 11 BP 1285 EP 1285 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.11.1285A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 865GB UT WOS:000224689500025 ER PT J AU Basset, GJC Ravanel, S Quinlivan, EP White, R Giovannoni, JJ Rebeille, F Nichols, BP Shinozaki, K Seki, M Gregory, JF Hanson, AD AF Basset, GJC Ravanel, S Quinlivan, EP White, R Giovannoni, JJ Rebeille, F Nichols, BP Shinozaki, K Seki, M Gregory, JF Hanson, AD TI Folate synthesis in plants: the last step of the p-aminobenzoate branch is catalyzed by a plastidial aminodeoxychorismate lyase SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE p-aminobenzoate; aminodeoxychorismate lyase; folate biosynthesis; plastid targeting; Arabidopsis; tomato ID ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SYNTHASE GENE; FOLIC-ACID; PROTEIN; MITOCHONDRIAL; BIOSYNTHESIS; ENCODES; SYNTHETASE AB In plants, the last step in the synthesis of p-aminobenzoate (PABA) moiety of folate remains to be elucidated. In Escherichia coli, this step is catalyzed by the PabC protein, a beta-lyase that converts 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate (ADC) - the reaction product of the PabA and PabB enzymes - to PABA and pyruvate. So far, the only known plant enzyme involved in PABA synthesis is ADC synthase, which has fused domains homologous to E. coli PabA and PabB and is located in plastids. ADC synthase has no lyase activity, implying that plants have a separate ADC lyase. No such lyase is known in any eukaryote. Genomic and phylogenetic approaches identified Arabidopsis and tomato cDNAs encoding PabC homologs with putative chloroplast-targeting peptides. These cDNAs were shown to encode functional enzymes by complementation of an E. coli pabC mutant, and by demonstrating that the partially purified recombinant proteins convert ADC to PABA. Plant ADC lyase is active as dimer and is not feedback inhibited by physiologic concentrations of PABA, its glucose ester, or folates. The full-length Arabidopsis ADC lyase polypeptide was translocated into isolated pea chloroplasts and, when fused to green fluorescent protein, directed the passenger protein to Arabidopsis chloroplasts in transient expression experiments. These data indicate that ADC lyase, like ADC synthase, is present in plastids. As shown previously for the ADC synthase transcript, the level of ADC lyase mRNA in the pericarp of tomato fruit falls sharply as ripening advances, suggesting that the expression of these two enzymes is coregulated. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, CEA Grenoble,INRA, Physiol Cellulaire Vegetale Lab, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RIKEN Tsukuba Inst, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050074, Japan. RIKEN Genom Sci Ctr, Plant Mutat Explorat Team, Plant Funct Genom Res Grp, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. RP Hanson, AD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM adha@mail.ifas.ufl.edu RI Quinlivan, Eoin/B-8454-2008; Seki, Motoaki/I-2854-2012; Shinozaki, Kazuo/G-4202-2013; OI Quinlivan, Eoin/0000-0002-0908-1762; Gregory, Jesse/0000-0002-9976-2085 NR 33 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 453 EP 461 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02231.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 864KP UT WOS:000224632700001 PM 15500462 ER PT J AU Li, WL Zhang, P Fellers, JP Friebe, B Gill, BS AF Li, WL Zhang, P Fellers, JP Friebe, B Gill, BS TI Sequence composition, organization, and evolution of the core Triticeae genome SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Triticeae; sequence composition; genome organization; genome expansion; DNA methylation; wheat ID INVERTED-REPEAT ELEMENTS; MAIZE GENOME; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; REPETITIVE ELEMENTS; DNA; FAMILY; RETROTRANSPOSONS; GENES; WHEAT; METHYLATION AB We investigated the composition and the basis of genome expansion in the core Triticeae genome using Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome donor of bread wheat. We sequenced an unfiltered genomic shotgun (trs) and a methylation-filtration (tmf) library of A. tauschii, and analyzed wheat expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to estimate the expression of genes and transposable elements (TEs). The sampled D-genome sequences consisted of 91.6% repetitive elements, 2.5% known genes, and 5.9% low-copy sequences of unknown function. TEs constituted 68.2% of the D-genome compared with 50% in maize and 14% in rice. The DNA transposons constituted 13% of the D-genome compared with 2% in maize. TEs were methylated unevenly within and among elements and families, and most were transcribed which contributed to genome expansion in the core Triticeae genome. The copy number of a majority of repeat families increased gradually following polyploidization. Certain TE families occupied discrete chromosome territories. Nested insertions and illegitimate recombination occurred extensively between the TE families, and a majority of the TEs contained internal deletions. The GC content varied significantly among the three sequence sets examined ranging from 42% in tmf to 46% in trs and 52% in the EST. Based on enrichment of genic sequences, methylation-filtration offers one option, although not as efficient as in maize, for isolating gene-rich regions from the large genome of wheat. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gill, BS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bsg@ksu.edu NR 42 TC 116 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 500 EP 511 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02228.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 864KP UT WOS:000224632700005 PM 15500466 ER PT J AU Anderson, JV Delseny, M Fregene, MA Jorge, V Mba, C Lopez, C Restrepo, S Soto, M Piegu, B Verdier, V Cooke, R Tohme, J Horvath, DP AF Anderson, JV Delseny, M Fregene, MA Jorge, V Mba, C Lopez, C Restrepo, S Soto, M Piegu, B Verdier, V Cooke, R Tohme, J Horvath, DP TI An EST resource for cassava and other species of Euphorbiaceae SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cassava; genomics; leafy spurge; stress ID MANIHOT-ESCULENTA CRANTZ; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; AXONOPODIS PV. MANIHOTIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RICE GENOME; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT; DNA MICROARRAYS; HIGHER-PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION AB Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a major food staple for nearly 600 million people in Africa. Asia. and Latin America. Major losses in yield result from biotic and abiotic stresses that include diseases such as Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) and Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB), drought. and acid soils. Additional losses also occur from deterioration during the post-harvest storage of roots. To help cassava breeders overcome these obstacles, the scientific community has turned to modern genomics approaches to identify key genetic characteristics associated with resistance to these yield-limiting factors. One approach for developing a genomics program requires the development of ESTs (expressed sequence tags). To date, nearly 23000 ESTs have been developed from various cassava tissues.. and genotypes. Preliminary analysis indicates existing EST resources contain at least 6000-7000 unigenes. Data presented in this report indicate that the cassava ESTs will be a valuable resource for the study of genetic diversity, stress resistance. and growth and development, not only in cassava, but also other members of the Euphorblaceae family. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Perpignan, Genome & Plant Dev Lab, CNRS, UMR 5096,IRD,UP, F-66860 Perpignan, France. Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali, Colombia. RP Anderson, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd,POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM andersjv@fargo.ars.usda.gov RI Restrepo, Silvia/G-1297-2010; Verdier, Valerie/K-1004-2016; OI Verdier, Valerie/0000-0001-5425-9454; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691; Cooke, Richard/0000-0001-6335-1092; Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Restrepo, Silvia/0000-0001-9016-1040 NR 50 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 56 IS 4 BP 527 EP 539 DI 10.1007/s11103-004-5046-6 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 889LK UT WOS:000226444300005 PM 15630617 ER PT J AU Herman, E Schmidt, M AF Herman, E Schmidt, M TI Endoplasmic reticulum to vacuole trafficking of endoplasmic reticulum bodies provides an alternate pathway for protein transfer to the vacuole SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE VACUOLES; TERMINAL KDEL; ACCUMULATION; CELLS; ARABIDOPSIS; VESICLES; ER; ENDOPEPTIDASE; DEGRADATION; COTYLEDONS C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Herman, E (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM eherman@danforthcenter.org NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 136 IS 3 BP 3440 EP 3446 DI 10.1104/pp.104.051722 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 873XU UT WOS:000225315600006 PM 15542498 ER PT J AU Simkin, AJ Underwood, BA Auldridge, M Loucas, HM Shibuya, K Schmelz, E Clark, DG Klee, HJ AF Simkin, AJ Underwood, BA Auldridge, M Loucas, HM Shibuya, K Schmelz, E Clark, DG Klee, HJ TI Circadian regulation of the PhCCD1 carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase controls emission of beta-ionone, a fragrance volatile of petunia flowers SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS; NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; GROWTH INHIBITOR; TOMATO AROMA; BIOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION; CHEMISTRY; ENVELOPE; PLANTS AB Carotenoids are thought to be the precursors of terpenoid volatile compounds that contribute to flavor and aroma. One such volatile, beta-ionone, is important to fragrance in many flowers, including petunia (Petunia hybrida). However, little is known about the factors regulating its synthesis in vivo. The petunia genome contains a gene encoding a 9,10(9',10') carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase, PhCCD1. The PhCCD1 is 94% identical to LeCCD1A, an enzyme responsible for formation of beta-ionone in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum; Simkin Aj, Schwartz SH, Auldridge M, Taylor MG, Klee Hj [2004] Plant J [in press]). Reduction of PhCCD1 transcript levels in transgenic plants led to a 58% to 76% decrease in beta-ionone synthesis in the corollas of selected petunia lines, indicating a significant role for this enzyme in volatile synthesis. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that PhCCD1 is highly expressed in corollas and leaves, where it constitutes approximately 0.04% and 0.02% of total RNA, respectively. PhCCD1 is light-inducible and exhibits a circadian rhythm in both leaves and flowers. beta-lonone emission by flowers occurred principally during daylight hours, paralleling PhCCD1 expression in corollas. The results indicate that PhCCD1 activity and beta-ionone emission are likely regulated at the level of transcript. C1 Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cell Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Klee, HJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cell Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hjklee@ifas.ufl.edu RI Klee, Harry/A-7912-2008; OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 51 TC 131 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 136 IS 3 BP 3504 EP 3514 DI 10.1104/pp.104.049718 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 873XU UT WOS:000225315600012 PM 15516502 ER PT J AU Morreel, K Ralph, J Kim, H Lu, FC Goeminne, G Ralph, S Messens, E Boerjan, W AF Morreel, K Ralph, J Kim, H Lu, FC Goeminne, G Ralph, S Messens, E Boerjan, W TI Profiling of oligolignols reveals monolignol coupling conditions in lignifying poplar xylem SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS; BETA-ARYL ETHER; P-HYDROXYCINNAMYL ALCOHOLS; TRANSITION-METAL SALTS; A O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; OXIDATION; PLANTS; NMR; DEHYDROGENATION AB Lignin is an aromatic heteropolymer, abundantly present in the walls of secondary thickened cells. Although much research has been devoted to the structure and composition of the polymer to obtain insight into lignin polymerization, the low-molecular weight oligolignol fraction has escaped a detailed characterization. This fraction, in contrast to the rather inaccessible polymer, is a simple and accessible model that reveals details about the coupling of monolignols, an issue that has raised considerable controversy over the past years. We have profiled the methanol-soluble oligolignol fraction of poplar (Populus spp.) xylem, a tissue with extensive lignification. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, chemical synthesis, and nuclear magnetic resonance, we have elucidated the structures of 38 compounds, most of which were dimers, trimers, and tetramers derived from coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, their aldehyde analogs, or vanillin. All structures support the recently challenged random chemical coupling hypothesis for lignin polymerization. Importantly, the structures of two oligomers, each containing a gamma-p-hydroxybenzoylated syringyl unit, strongly suggest that sinapyl p-hydroxybenzoate is an authentic precursor for lignin polymerization in poplar. C1 State Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Wisconsin, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, US Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Boerjan, W (reprint author), State Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. EM wout.boerjan@psb.ugent.be OI Boerjan, Wout/0000-0003-1495-510X NR 55 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 8 U2 54 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 136 IS 3 BP 3537 EP 3549 DI 10.1104/pp.104.049304 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 873XU UT WOS:000225315600015 PM 15516504 ER PT J AU Kladnik, A Chamusco, K Dermastia, M Chourey, P AF Kladnik, A Chamusco, K Dermastia, M Chourey, P TI Evidence of programmed cell death in post-phloem transport cells of the maternal pedicel tissue in developing caryopsis of maize SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; SEED DEVELOPMENT; TRACHEARY ELEMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; NUCLEAR-DNA; ZEA-MAYS; APOPTOSIS; DEGRADATION; KERNELS; IMPORT AB We present cellular- and ultracellular-level studies here to show developmental programmed cell death (PCD) of placento-chalazal (P-C) cell layers in maternal pedicel tissue in developing caryopses of normal seed (Mn1) and in the invertase-deficient miniature (mn1) seed mutant in maize (Zea mays). PCD was evidenced by loss of nuclei and all subcellular membranous organizations in many P-C layers. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated X-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) stain that is diagnostic of apoptotic-like PCD identified spatially and temporally two distinctive subdomains, which coincided with nucellar and integumental P-C layers based on their developmental origins. The early phase of PCD in the nucellar P-C was TUNEL negative and was specific to only the fertilized caryopses, indicating that the signaling for PCD in these maternal cells originated in the zygotic tissues. In fact, the initiation of PCD coincided with endosperm cellularization and was rapidly and coordinately completed prior to the beginning of the major storage phase in endosperm. Cell shape in these cell layers was also influenced by the genotype of filial endosperm. The later phase of PCD was restricted to the integumental P-C layers underneath the nucellar cells and was TUNEL positive in both genotypes. The two subdomains of the P-C layers were also distinguishable by unique cell wall-associated phenolic compounds. Based on collective evidence, we infer that the nucellar PCD may have osmolytic etiology and may lead to activation of the post-phloem transport function of the P-C layer, whereas the integumental PCD was senescent related, in particular, protecting the maturing seed against microbes that may be transported from the maternal tissue. C1 Univ Florida, Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, USDA, ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol & Agron, USDA, ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Dept Biol, Biotech Fac, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Chourey, P (reprint author), Univ Florida, Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, USDA, ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pschourey@ifas.ufl.edu RI Kladnik, Ales/B-6045-2008 OI Kladnik, Ales/0000-0002-3466-0088 NR 43 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 136 IS 3 BP 3572 EP 3581 DI 10.1104/pp.104.045195 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 873XU UT WOS:000225315600018 PM 15502014 ER PT J AU Kinraide, TB AF Kinraide, TB TI Possible influence of cell walls upon ion concentrations at plasma membrane surfaces. Toward a comprehensive view of cell-surface electrical effects upon ion uptake, intoxication, and amelioration SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM; POTENTIALS; TOXICITY; CALCIUM; TRANSPORT; CA2+; AL3+; K+; H+ AB Plant uptake of ions, intoxication by ions, and the alleviation of intoxication by other ions often correlate poorly with ion concentrations in the rooting medium. By contrast, uptake, intoxication, and alleviation correlate well with ion concentrations at the plasma membrane (PM) surface computed as though the PM were bathed directly in the rooting medium with no effect from the cell wall (CW). According to two separate lines of analysis, a close association of CWs and PMs results in a slight increase in cation concentrations and a slight decrease in anion concentrations at the PM surface compared with concentrations when the CW is separated or has no effect. Although slightly different, the ion concentrations at the PM surface computed with and without close association with the CW are highly correlated. Altogether, the CW would appear to have a small effect upon ion uptake by the PM or upon intoxication or alleviation of intoxication originating at the PM surface. These analyses have been enabled by the recent evaluation of parameters required for the electrostatic models (Gouy-Chapman-Stern and Donnan-plus-binding) used to compute electrical potentials and ion concentrations in CWs and at PM surfaces. C1 USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Kinraide, TB (reprint author), USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM tom.kinraide@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 136 IS 3 BP 3804 EP 3813 DI 10.1104/pp.104.043174 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 873XU UT WOS:000225315600039 PM 15489281 ER PT J AU Papoyan, A Kochian, LV AF Papoyan, A Kochian, LV TI Identification of Thlaspi caerulescens genes that may be involved in heavy metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance. Characterization of a novel heavy metal transporting ATPase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE ATPASE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS; ZINC; COMPARTMENTATION; HOMEOSTASIS; SUPERFAMILY; ABSORPTION; MECHANISMS; PLANTS AB Thlaspi caerulescens is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator plant species that is able to accumulate extremely high levels of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in its shoots (30,000 mug g(-1) Zn and 10,000 mug g(-1) Cd), and has been the subject of intense research as a model plant to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of heavy metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance and as a source of genes for developing plant species better suited for the phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils. In this study, we report on the results of a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) complementation screen aimed at identifying candidate heavy metal tolerance genes in T caerulescens. A number of Thlaspi genes that conferred Cd tolerance to yeast were identified, including possible metal-binding ligands from the metallothionein gene family, and a P-type ATPase that is a member of the P-1B subfamily of purported heavy metal-translocating ATPases. A detailed characterization of the Thlaspi heavy metal ATPase, TcHMA4, demonstrated that it mediates yeast metal tolerance via active efflux of a number of different heavy metals (Cd, Zn, lead [Pb], and copper [Cu]) out of the cell. However, in T. caerulescens, based on differences in tissue-specific and metal-responsive expression of this transporter compared with its homolog in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we suggest that it may not be involved in metal tolerance. Instead, we hypothesize that it may play a role in xylem loading of metals and thus could be a key player in the hyperaccumulation phenotype expressed in T caerulescens. Additionally, evidence is presented showing that the C terminus of the TcHMA4 protein, which contains numerous possible heavy metal-binding His and Cys repeats residues, participates in heavy metal binding. When partial peptides from this C-terminal domain were expressed in yeast, they conferred an extremely high level of Cd tolerance and Cd hyperaccumulation. The possibilities for enhancing the metal tolerance and phytoremediation potential of higher plants via expression of these metal-binding peptides are also discussed. C1 Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lvk1@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 23 TC 163 Z9 183 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 136 IS 3 BP 3814 EP 3823 DI 10.1104/pp.104.044503 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 873XU UT WOS:000225315600040 PM 15516513 ER PT J AU Ockenden, I Dorsch, JA Reid, MM Lin, L Grant, LK Raboy, V Lott, JNA AF Ockenden, I Dorsch, JA Reid, MM Lin, L Grant, LK Raboy, V Lott, JNA TI Characterization of the storage of phosphorus, inositol phosphate and cations in grain tissues of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) low phytic acid genotypes SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE barley (Hordeum vulgare L.); embryo and aleurone globoids; grains; inositol phosphates; low phytic acid; phosphorus ID CUCURBITA-MAXIMA; ALEURONE CELLS; ELEMENT COMPOSITION; DEVELOPING SEEDS; FINE-STRUCTURE; RICE; ACCUMULATION; PHENOTYPE; MUTATION; RESERVES AB Phosphorus (P), phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate or Ins P-6) and mineral storage were studied in grains homozygous for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) low phytic acid (lpa) mutations named lpal-1, M 635, M 955, and lpa2-1. In wild-type (WT) grain both the embryo and rest-of-grain (aleurone layer) contained about 10 and 90% of whole-grain total P and Ins P. Most of the inositol phosphate (Ins P) was phytic acid. Proportional reductions in both embryo and aleurone layer Ins P contributed to whole-grain Ins P6 reductions in M 635 and M 955, with little effect on embryo or aleurone layer total P. In terms of total P these mutations show no grain-tissue-specificity. In contrast, whole-grain Ins P6 reduction in lpal-1 and lpa2-1 is solely or largely aleurone layer specific. In lnal-1 the distribution of total P shifted in part, from rest-of-grain to embryo, with a net reduction in total P. Electron microscopy showed a general reduction, as compared with WT, in electron-dense globoids in both aleurone and scutellum cells in all mutants except lpa2-1, whose globoid morphology appeared indistinguishable from WT. Energy-dispersive X-ray analyses of P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Zn indicated that, generally, relative levels were similar in mutant and WT aleurone layer and scutellum tissues. Likely inorganic P found in lpa grains is stored as salts of K and Mg, as is Ins P6 in WT grain. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Lott, JNA (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Life Sci Bldg,Room 338,1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. EM lott@memaster.ca NR 46 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1131 EP 1142 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.06.008 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 852MD UT WOS:000223758500018 ER PT J AU Xiang, P Haas, EJ Zeece, MG Markwell, J Sarath, G AF Xiang, P Haas, EJ Zeece, MG Markwell, J Sarath, G TI C-terminal 23 kDa polypeptide of soybean Gly m Bd 28 K is a potential allergen SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE allergen; cupin superfamily; epitope mapping; Glycine max; IgE-binding; recombinant fusion polypeptide ID M-BD 28K; G2 GLYCININ ALLERGEN; STORAGE GLOBULINS; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; BETA-CONGLYCININ; ARA H-3; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; EPITOPE; GENE AB Gly m Bd 28 K is a major soybean (Glycine max Merr.) glycoprotein allergen. It was originally identified as a 28 kDa polypeptide in soybean seed flour. However, the full-length protein is encoded by an open reading frame (ORF) of 473 amino acids, and contains a 23 kDa C-terminal polypeptide of as yet unknown allergenic and structural characteristics. IgE-binding (allergenic potential) of the Gly m Bd 28 K protein including the 23 kDa C-terminal portion as well as shorter fragments derived from the full-length ORF were evaluated using sera from soy-sensitive adults. All of these sera contained IgE that efficiently recognized the C-terminal region. Epitope mapping demonstrated that a dominant linear C-terminal IgE binding epitope resides between residues S256 and A270. Alanine scanning of this dominant epitope indicated that five amino acids, Y260, D261, D262, K264 and D266, contribute most towards IgE-binding. A model based on the structure of the beta subunit of soybean beta-conglycinin revealed that Gly m Bd 28 K contains two cupin domains. The dominant epitope is on the edge of the first beta-sheet of the C-terminal cupin domain and is present on a potentially solvent-accessible loop connecting the two cupin domains. Thus, the C-terminal 23 kDa polypeptide of Gly m Bd 28 K present in soy products is allergenic and apparently contains at least one immunodominant epitope near the edge of a cupin domain. This knowledge could be helpful in the future breeding of hypoallergenic soybeans. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Genet Sequence Anal Facil, Omaha, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sarath, G (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, 332 Keim Hall,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM gsarath1@unl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 P20 RR16469] NR 29 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2004 VL 220 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1007/s00425-004-1313-7 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 868UH UT WOS:000224938000007 PM 15252733 ER PT J AU Karabulut, OA Gabler, FM Mansour, M Smilanick, JL AF Karabulut, OA Gabler, FM Mansour, M Smilanick, JL TI Postharvest ethanol and hot water treatments of table grapes to control gray mold SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; Botrytis cinerea; dip; heat treatments; alcohol ID BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; HEAT-TREATMENT; DECAY AB Complete inhibition of the germination of spores of Botrytis cinerea occurred after a 10 s exposure to 30% ethanol or more at 24degreesC. Mortality of spores in heated 10% ethanol was higher than in water at the same temperatures. Immersion of naturally infected, freshly harvested table grapes for 30 s in 30% ethanol at 24 degreesC reduced decay approximately 50% after 35 days of storage at 1 degreesC. The addition of ethanol significantly improved the efficacy of a hot water treatment applied to grapes that were inoculated with B. cinerea two hours prior to immersion in heated solutions. Immersion of inoculated, freshly harvested table grapes for 3 min at 30, 40, or 50 degreesC in 10% ethanol reduced decay to 20.7, 6.7, and 0.1 berries/kg after 30 days of storage at 1 degreesC, while decay after immersion in water at these temperatures was 35.9, 17.6, and 1.7 berries/kg, respectively. Immersion for 30 or 60 s at 50, 55, or 60 degreesC in water or 10% ethanol also significantly reduced the number of decayed berries that developed after storage for 30 days at 1 degreesC. The appearance of the rachis and berries, incidence of cracked berries, flesh browning, flavor, weight loss, and berry color were examined and most treatments did not adversely affect these quality parameters. Prompt drying of the fruit after treatment was important to prevent berry cracking. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-16384 Gorukle, Turkey. USDA ARS, Hort Res Serv, Hort Crops Res Lab, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Karabulut, OA (reprint author), Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-16384 Gorukle, Turkey. EM ozgurk1973@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 57 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 2 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.05.003 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 862NH UT WOS:000224497100005 ER PT J AU McReynolds, JL Byrd, JA Moore, RW Anderson, RC Poole, TL Edrington, TS Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ AF McReynolds, JL Byrd, JA Moore, RW Anderson, RC Poole, TL Edrington, TS Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ TI Utilization of the nitrate reductase enzymatic pathway to reduce enteric pathogens in chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; chlorate; competitive exclusion; nitrate reductase ID COLI O157-H7 POPULATIONS; CHLORATE PRODUCT; CECAL BACTERIA; BROILER CHICKS; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Previous reports have shown that some bacteria, including Salmonella, use a dissimilatory nitrate reductase enzyme pathway (NREP) in anaerobic environments. This enzyme reduces nitrate to nitrite and has been shown to cometabolize chlorate to cytotoxic chlorite. The present investigations were performed to evaluate the susceptibility of a competitive exclusion culture (CE) to the experimental chlorate product (ECP). A commercially available CE product was evaluated for its nitrate reductase activity and therefore its chlorate sensitivity. Individual isolates (in triplicate) were cultured in 10 mL of Viande Levure broth containing 5 mM sodium nitrate or 10 mM sodium chlorate. Bacterial growth (optical density at 625 nm) was measured and 1-mL aliquots were removed concurrently for colorimetric determination of nitrate content at 0, 3, 6, and 24 h. Of the 15 different facultative strains, 11 had slight NREP utilization, 3 had moderate NREP utilization, and the remainder were NREP negative (with slight and moderate NREP utilization: >0.1 to <1.0 mM and >1.0 m-M nitrate used within 6 h, respectively). Of the obligate anaerobes evaluated, 3 had slight NREP utilization and the remainder were NREP negative. In vivo studies utilizing both products (CE and ECP) in a horizontal transmission challenge model (seeders + contacts) showed significant reductions in Salmonella from 5.37 to 1.76 log(10) cfu/g and 3.94 to 0.07 log(10) cfu/g, respectively. The combined effect of the CE culture and an ECP are effective in killing these food-borne pathogens. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Byrd, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM byrd@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1857 EP 1860 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 865GA UT WOS:000224689400006 PM 15554062 ER PT J AU Zaniboni, L Akuffo, V Bakst, MR AF Zaniboni, L Akuffo, V Bakst, MR TI Aquaporins are observed in the duct epithelia of the epididymal region of the large white turkey SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aquaporin; avian; excurrent duct system; sperm maturation; sperm motility ID NEUTRAL SOLUTE CHANNEL; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; WATER CHANNELS; CLONING; TESTIS; LIVER; DEFERENS; KIDNEY; CDNA AB The cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the reuptake of the testicular fluid supporting sperm exiting the testes in the bird are not known. The presence of aquaporins, proteins involved in transmembrane water transport, was investigated. Observations were limited to the ductuli efferentes, collecting ducts, and ductus epididymis. Interestingly all of these ducts were positive for aquaporins-2, -3, and -9 but not aquaporin-7. When positive, aquaporin was observed localized over the whole cell or the apical plasma membrane of the nonciliated cells and the apical plasma membrane and cilia of the ciliated cells. This study is the first to clearly demonstrate the presence of aquaporins-2,-3, and 9 in the epididymal region of any bird. We assume the aquaporins play a role in concentrating the sperm and in the promotion of sperm maturation in the epididymal region. C1 Univ Milan, Dept Vet Sci & Technol Food Safety, Milan, Italy. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dept Vet Sci & Technol Food Safety, Milan, Italy. EM murray@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1917 EP 1920 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 865GA UT WOS:000224689400015 PM 15554071 ER PT J AU Perez-Verdin, G Lee, ME Chavez, DJ AF Perez-Verdin, G Lee, ME Chavez, DJ TI Outdoor recreation in a protected area in southern Durango, Mexico: Analysis of local residents' perceptions SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE marginality theory; Mexico; Michilia Biosphere Reserve; residents' perceptions ID MARGINALITY; ETHNICITY; TOURISM AB This research evaluated perceptions of local residents from three communities in southern Durango, Mexico, toward planning outdoor recreation in the Michilia Biosphere Reserve (MBR). We used personal interviews to gather information about the barriers that keep people from participating in recreation activities and concerns about potential impacts of increasing recreation in the MBR. Sixty-five percent of the survey participants had never visited the MBR. Lack of knowledge, lack of time, and lack of money were the main reasons residents gave for not visiting MBR. Results also found significant differences among residents of the three communities in their perceptions of some of the potential impacts of outdoor recreation including higher risk of wild. res, loss of traditional values, overcrowding, and an increase in labor supply. The implications of these findings are relevant for developing strategies to involve residents in public forums concerned with outdoor recreation planning for the MBR. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RP Perez-Verdin, G (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM gp27@dana.ucc.nau.edu RI Perez-Verdin, Gustavo/A-4248-2011 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 10 BP 897 EP 910 DI 10.1080/08941920490505310 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 857TK UT WOS:000224141000003 ER PT J AU Venteris, ER McCarty, GW Ritchie, JC Gish, T AF Venteris, ER McCarty, GW Ritchie, JC Gish, T TI Influence of management history and landscape variables on soil organic carbon and soil redistribution SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; sarbon sequestration; Cs-137; terrain analysis; soil moisture ID ENVIRONMENTAL CORRELATION; EROSION RATES; SEQUESTRATION; TILLAGE; IMPACT AB Controlled studies to investigate the interaction between crop growth, soil properties, hydrology, and management practices are common in agronomy. These sites (much as with real world farmland) often have complex management histories and topographic variability that must be considered. In 1993 an interdisiplinary study was started for a 20-ha site in Beltsville, MD. Soil cores (271) were collected in 1999 in a 30-m grid (with 5-m nesting) and analyzed as part of the site characterization. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and (137)Cesium (Cs-137) were measured. Analysis of aerial photography from 1992 and of farm management records revealed that part of the site had been maintained as a swine pasture and the other portion as cropped land. Soil properties, particularly soil redistribution and SOC, show large differences in mean values between the two areas. Mass C is 0.8 kg m(-2) greater in the pasture area than in the cropped portion. The pasture area is primarily a deposition site, whereas the crop area is dominated by erosion. Management influence is suggested, but topographic variability confounds interpretation. Soil organic carbon is spatially structured, with a regionalized variable of 120 m. Cs-137 activity lacks spatial structure, suggesting disturbance of the profile by animal activity and past structures such as swine shelters and roads. Neither SOC nor Cs-137 were strongly correlated to terrain parameters, crop yields, or a seasonal soil moisture index predicted from crop yields. SOC and Cs-137 were weakly correlated (r(2) similar to0.2, F-test P-value 0.001), suggesting that soil transport controls, in part, SOC distribution. The study illustrates the importance of past site history when interpreting the landscape distribution of soil properties, especially those strongly influenced by human activity. Confounding variables, complex soil hydrology, and incomplete documentation of land use history make definitive interpretations of the processes behind the spatial distributions difficult. Such complexity may limit the accuracy of scaling approaches to mapping SOC and soil redistribution. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Venteris, ER (reprint author), Petr Geol Grp, Ohio Div Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. EM erik.venteris@drr.state.ok.us OI Venteris, Erik/0000-0001-9863-6098 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 169 IS 11 BP 787 EP 795 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000148742.75369.55 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 874IB UT WOS:000225343000005 ER PT J AU Carrizosa, MJ Koskinen, WC Hermosin, MDC AF Carrizosa, MJ Koskinen, WC Hermosin, MDC TI Interactions of acidic herbicides bentazon and dicamba with organoclays SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; CLAYS; SORPTION; ADSORPTION AB We determined the sorption mechanism of the acidic herbicides bentazon [3-(I-methylethyl)-IH-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) on two organoclays, octadecylammonimn (ODA)- and hexadecyltrimethylanunoniurn (HDTMA)-exchanged Arizona montmorillonite (SAz-1), as part of a study to determine their potential use as sorbent materials for ionizable organic pollutants. To determine the mechanisms involved in the sorption process, herbicide-organoclay complexes were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In general, the d(001) values of SAz-HDTMA and SAz-ODA organoclays expanded after herbicide saturation, indicating interlayer sorption of the herbicide. Also, FTIR spectroscopic studies suggested weak hydrophobic interactions between these herbicides and the interlayer organic phase of the organoclays. However, H bonding between these herbicides and the monosubstituted amino group in SAz-ODA reinforced the strength of the hydrophobic interactions resulting in nonreadily reversible sorption on that organoclay. These results suggest that organoclays can be used to remove this type of pollutants from water or soils. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Cir,Rm 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM koskinen@umn.edu NR 17 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1863 EP 1866 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300008 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Zobeck, TM Allen, V AF Acosta-Martinez, V Zobeck, TM Allen, V TI Soil microbial, chemical and physical properties in continuous cotton and integrated crop-livestock systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BETA-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; ARYLSULFATASE ACTIVITY; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; N-MINERALIZATION; BIOMASS-C; TILLAGE AB Continuous monoculture systems can reduce soil organic matter because of low organic inputs and disturbance from tillage practices. Integrated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cropping and livestock production systems in West Texas may provide more sustainable alternatives to the traditional continuous cotton system and improve soil quality. Our study was conducted on a Pullman soil (Fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls) after 5 yr as a complete randomized block design (three replications) that compared continuous cotton and an integrated livestock-crop system with a perennial warm-season grass pasture (Bothriochloa bladhii) paddock and two paddocks (two stages) of a rotation (wheat [Triticum aestivum]-falllow-rye [Secale cerealel -cotton). Total N (average: 1.0 g kg(-1) soil) remained similar among systems and soil pH was >8.1. Organic C was higher (13.5 g kg(-1) soil) in perennial pasture compared with continuous cotton (9.0 g kg(-1) soil) at 0 to 5 cm. A similar trend was found for the soil aggregate stability. Soil microbial biomass C (C-mic,) was greater in perennial pasture (193 mg kg(-1) soil) and the rotation under rye and cotton (237 mg kg(-1) soil) compared with continuous cotton (124 mg kg(-1) soil) at 0 to 5 cm, and in perennial pasture at 5 to 10 and 10 to 15 cm. Soil microbial biomass N (N-mic) showed similar trends. Soil enzyme activities were greater in perennial pasture and the rotation (under rye and cotton) than under continuous cotton at 0 to 5 cm. The integrated crop-livestock system had higher protozoa (20:4omega6c = 1.98%) and fungi (18:3omega9c = 1.30%) than continuous cotton (20:4omega6c = 1.09%; 18:3omega9c = 0.76%). These findings suggest positive differences in soil function and sustainability of the integrated croplivestock system compared with continuous cotton. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM vacostam@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 51 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 38 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1875 EP 1884 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300010 ER PT J AU Tan, ZX Lal, R Smeck, NE Calhoun, FG Slater, BK Parkinson, B Gehring, RM AF Tan, ZX Lal, R Smeck, NE Calhoun, FG Slater, BK Parkinson, B Gehring, RM TI Taxonomic and geographic distribution of soil organic carbon pools in Ohio SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CULTIVATION; STORAGE; MATTER; INVENTORY; BULK AB Spatial distribution information about soil organic C (SOC) pools at a proper scale is critical for developing feasible C sequestration programs. This study characterizes the spatial variation in SOC pools related to soil taxon, Major Land Resource Area (MLRA), and land use. Grouping data by the land uses associated with soil orders within each MLRA leads to a statewide average SOC pool of 10.2 +/- 2.8 kg m(-2) in the upper 1-m depth, ranging from 7.1 kg m(-2) in Ultisols to 117 in Histosols (8.8, 11.3, 12.7, and 16.9 kg m(-2) in Alfisols, Inceptisols, Entisols, and Mollisols, respectively), and geographically varying from 7.7 kg m(-2) in MLRA 124 to 12.0 in both MLRA 99 and 111. These variations can be also partially attributed to the properties for suborder differentiation. Moreover, land use effects are confounded by preferential selection of land for cropland use and site topographic features, resulting in a higher SOC pool in cropland (10.9 kg m(-2)) than in both forestland (9.5 kg m(-2)) and pastureland (8.4 kg m(-2)). The grand total SOC storage in Ohio ranges from 853 to 881 Tg (1 Tg = 10(12) g). The SOC pool is primarily related to landscape slope and soil drainage, and must he considered in interpretations for C sequestration potential among land uses for each soil taxon at the MLRA scale. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, NRCS, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. RP Tan, ZX (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Tan.129@osu.edu RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013; Slater, Brian/D-1740-2013; OI Slater, Brian/0000-0001-8111-9684; Tan, Zhengxi/0000-0002-4136-0921 NR 23 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1896 EP 1904 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300013 ER PT J AU Tomer, MD James, DE AF Tomer, MD James, DE TI Do soil surveys and terrain analyses identify similar priority sites for conservation? SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; WATER RETENTION; LANDSCAPE; ATTRIBUTES; IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION; MOISTURE; AREAS; IOWA AB Terrain analyses may help target conservation practices, but soil survey is the traditional basis for conservation planning. This study's objective was to identify correspondence between terrain and soil survey attributes. Iowa's South Fork (78 000 ha) and West Nishnabotna (64 000 ha) watersheds provided example datasets. Major resource concerns are soil wetness in the South Fork's glacial terrain, and soil erosion in the West Nishnabotna's loess hills. Slope, contributing area, curvature, and wetness (W) and erosion (E) indices, calculated from National Elevation Database (30-m) data, were each divided into two groups according to highly erodible land (HEL), hydric-soil, drainage-class, topsoil-thickness, clay, and organic matter content attributes from soil survey delineations. All groupings had different means (p < 0.001), but proportions of captured variance ranged from <0.1 to 22%. Critical values of slope and W segregated hydric, drainage, and topsoil-thickness groups with 66 to 74% accuracy in both watersheds, and slope and E segregated HEL groupings with 71 to 76% accuracy. Finer detail in terrain data appeared realistic in dissected terrain, but artificial in near-level terrain. The largest 20% of Wvalues were about 80% hydric soils in the South Fork, and the largest 20% of E values were about 80% HEL in the West Nishnabotna. However, similar statements on E and HEL in the South Fork, and W and hydric soils in the West Nishnabotna, applied to few cells (<2%) with <70% accuracy. Therefore, targeting of conservation practices based on 30-m grid terrain analysis can be consistent with soil survey information, but to a degree that varies by landscape and resource concern. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tomer, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tomer@nstl.gov NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1905 EP 1915 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300014 ER PT J AU Presley, DR Ransom, MD Kluitenberg, GJ Finnell, PR AF Presley, DR Ransom, MD Kluitenberg, GJ Finnell, PR TI Effects of thirty years of irrigation on the genesis and morphology of two semiarid soils in Kansas SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SAUDI-ARABIA; TORRIPSAMMENTS; CARBON AB Widespread adoption of irrigation began to occur in western Kansas in the 1950s. The western third of the state is in the ustic moisture regime, receiving about 400 to 500 ram of precipitation per year. Irrigation adds an additional 300 to 600 mm of water per year and effectively alters the natural climate. The Richfield and Keith soil series were investigated to determine if irrigation has caused changes in soil properties and morphology, affecting the genesis of irrigated soils. For each series, 10 long-term (28-31 yr) irrigated pedons and 10 adjacent pedons that had never been irrigated were sampled. The pH of the surface horizons of the irrigated Keith and Richfield pedons was 1.0 pH unit higher than the dryland pedons. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was also higher in irrigated pedons. Irrigation did not significantly affect organic C content or the calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE). Irrigated pedons contained significantly higher amounts of total clay and showed an altered clay distribution within the profile. They also exhibited more strongly expressed argillic horizon properties in the field and in thin section than nonirrigated pedons. The data indicate that =30 yr of irrigation increased clay illuviation and mineral weathering, altered the surface horizon pH and ESP, and modified the natural genetic processes by increasing the rate of pedogenic activity. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Ransom, MD (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM mdransom@ksu.edu NR 38 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1916 EP 1926 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300015 ER PT J AU Eynard, A Schumacher, TE Lindstrom, MJ Maio, DD AF Eynard, A Schumacher, TE Lindstrom, MJ Maio, DD TI Porosity and pore-size distribution in cultivated ustolls and usterts SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; TENSION INFILTROMETER; SOIL-STRUCTURE; NORTHWESTERN CANADA; NEW-ZEALAND; NO-TILLAGE; WATER-FLOW; VERTISOL; QUALITY; TIME AB Soil management systems affect soil porosity and pore sizes, changing soil hydraulic properties by loosening or by compacting different soil layers. Changes in porosity and pore-size distribution following cultivation were studied in six Ustolls and two Usterts of the prairie in the Upper Missouri River Basin. Soil pores were morphologically described. Water infiltration was measured at 0.03- and 0.06-m tensions. Soil bulk density and moisture retention at 1-m tension were determined in undisturbed and in remolded soil cores. In Ustolls, cultivation decreased soil porosity and pore sizes. Steady-state water infiltration rates were higher in grasslands than in cultivated soils. In no-till and till systems, both very fine macroporosity and microporosity were reduced when compared with grasslands. No-tillage relative to tillage increased soil porosity between the 0.05- and 0.30-m depth. More very fine tubular pores were present in no-till than in tilled Ustolls, indicating increased biological activity in pore formation. In Usterts, total pore space, quantity, shape, and size of macropores, water infiltration under tension, and moisture retention at 1-m tension did not show significant changes related to different management systems. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Schumacher, TE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, NPB 247A NPB,Box 2410C, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM thomas_schumacher@sdstate.edu NR 45 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1927 EP 1934 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300016 ER PT J AU Andrews, SS Karlen, DL Cambardella, CA AF Andrews, SS Karlen, DL Cambardella, CA TI The soil management assessment framework: A quantitative soil quality evaluation method SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID ORGANIC-MATTER; LOW-INPUT; FARMING SYSTEMS; WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; LOESS HILLS; INDICATORS; SCALE; PERFORMANCE; CALIFORNIA AB Erosion rates and annual soil loss tolerance (T) values in evaluations of soil management practices have served as focal points for soil quality (SQ) research and assessment programs for decades. Our objective is to enhance and extend current soil assessment efforts by presenting a framework for assessing the impact of soil management practices on soil function. The tool consists of three steps: indicator selection, indicator interpretation, and integration into an index. The tool's framework design allows researchers to continually update and refine the interpretations for many soils, climates, and land use practices. The tool was demonstrated using data from case studies in Georgia, Iowa, California, and the Pacific Northwest (WA, ID, OR). Using an expert system of decision rules as an indicator selection step successfully identified indicators for the minimum data set (MDS) in the case study data sets. In the indicator interpretation step, observed indicator data were transformed into unitless scores based on site-specific algorithmic relationships to soil function. The scored data resulted in scientifically defensible and statistically different treatment means in the four case studies. The efficacy of the indicator interpretation step was evaluated with stepwise regressions using scored and observed indicators as independent variables and endpoint data as iterative dependent variables. Scored indicators usually had coefficients of determination (RI) that were similar or greater than those of the observed indicator values. In some cases, the R(2) values for indicators and endpoint regressions were higher when examined for individual treatments rather than the entire data set. This study demonstrates significant progress toward development of a SQ assessment framework for adaptive soil resource management or monitoring that is transferable to a variety of climates, soil types, and soil management systems. C1 USDA, NRCS, Soil Qual Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Andrews, SS (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Soil Qual Inst, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM andrews@nstl.gov NR 107 TC 232 Z9 267 U1 30 U2 192 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1945 EP 1962 PG 18 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300018 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Gantzer, CJ Anderson, SH Alberts, EE AF Blanco-Canqui, H Gantzer, CJ Anderson, SH Alberts, EE TI Grass barriers for reduced concentrated flow induced soil and nutrient loss SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; RUNOFF; SEDIMENT; PERFORMANCE; PHOSPHORUS; EROSION; BUFFERS; REMOVAL; HEDGES AB Vegetative filter strips (FS) perform poorly for reducing losses of sediment and nutrients in concentrated flow. Stiff-stemmed grass barriers (B-FS) above the FS may be a companion treatment to improve the FS performance. This study evaluated the effectiveness of warm-season switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) barriers planted above fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) FS in reducing runoff water, sediment, N, and P losses in concentrated flow from an Aeric Vertic Epiaqualf on a 5% slope. Simulated rainfall was applied on plots consisting of a 1.5-m-wide by 8-m-long pollutant source area with an artificially constructed channel to concentrate surface runoff. The source area was bounded downslope by either an 8-m long fescue FS or 0.7 m of active or dormant barrier above a 7.3-m-long fescue FS. The B-FS treatment also reduced sediment loss by 91% while the FS reduced sediment by only 72% (P < 0.01). The B-FS also reduced sediment loss by 90%, whereas FS reduced sediment only 60% when inflow was added to the plots. The B-FS trapped 4.9 times more organic N, 2.3 times more NH4-N, and 3.7 times more particulate P than FS at 0.7 in (P < 0.01). Sediment and nutrient trapping increased significantly with FS length. Switchgrass barriers above the FS dispersed and temporarily ponded concentrated runoff, enabling increased sediment deposition. Barriers may be a potential conservation strategy for rehabilitation of lands affected with concentrated flow where traditional practices are inadequate. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM blanco.16@osu.edu NR 29 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 26 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1963 EP 1972 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300019 ER PT J AU Baker, BJ Fausey, NR Islam, KR AF Baker, BJ Fausey, NR Islam, KR TI Comparison of soil physical properties under two different water table management regimes SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; QUALITY; TILLAGE; CORN; SYSTEMS AB Soil physical properties are important indicators of the potential for agricultural production. The objective of this research was to examine the difference in soil physical properties 9 yr after the initiation of two water table management (WTM) treatments in Wood County, Ohio. Water table management treatments included both unrestricted subsurface drainage year round (Drainage Treatment) and subirrigation during the crop-growing season to maintain the water table at 25 cm below the surface with unrestricted subsurface drainage the remainder of the year (Subirrigation Treatment). Soil samples were collected in eight plots, in six depth increments to a 1-m depth. Soil aggregation and related properties were significantly different in response to WTM treatments and soil depths. The subirrigated treatment had lower aggregate stability at 40 to 50 ern compared with the drainage treatment. The mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of aggregates in the subirrigated treatment were smaller than the drainage treatment at depths of 30 to 75 cm. Percentage of macroaggregates and aggregate ratios were generally lower in the subirrigation treatment than the drainage treatment. Subirrigated soils exhibited relatively lower bulk density with an associated increase in total porosity. The drainage treatment had greater penetration resistance from 30 to 45 cm on readings taken in Spring 2000. Subirrigated soils retained a greater volume of moisture at all matric potentials except -0.00015 and -1.5 MPa. The subirrigated soils are apparently not able to develop large, stable aggregates as seen in the continuously drained soil, perhaps because of the frequent water saturation followed by slaking of soil macroaggregates associated with subirrigation. C1 USDA ARS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, South Ctr, Piketon, OH 45661 USA. RP Baker, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM baker.306@osu.edu NR 35 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1973 EP 1981 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300020 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Shaw, JN Mask, PL Rickman, D Guertal, EA Luvall, J Wersinger, JM AF Sullivan, DG Shaw, JN Mask, PL Rickman, D Guertal, EA Luvall, J Wersinger, JM TI Evaluation of multispectral data for rapid assessment of wheat straw residue cover SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DISCRIMINATING CROP RESIDUES; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; SOIL; FLUORESCENCE AB Crop residues influence near surface soil organic carbon (SOC) content, impact our ability to remotely assess soil properties, and play a role in global carbon budgets. Methods that measure crop residues are laborious, and largely inappropriate for field-scale to regional estimates. The objective of this study was to evaluate high spectral resolution remote sensing (RS) data for rapid quantification of residue cover. In March 2000 and April 2001, residue plots (15 by 15 m) were established in the Coastal Plain and Appalachian Plateau physiographic regions of Alabama. Treatments consisted of five wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw cover rates (0, 10, 20,50, and 80%) replicated three times. Spectral measurements were acquired monthly via a handheld spectroradiometer (350-1050 nm) and per availability via the Airborne Terrestrial Applications Sensor (ATLAS) (400-12 500 nm). Overall, treatment separation was influenced by soil water content and percentage of total organic carbon (TOC) of the residue (degree of decomposition). Results showed that atmospherically corrected visible and near-infrared ATLAS data can differentiate between residue coverages. Similar results were obtained with the handheld spectroradiometer, although treatment differentiation was less consistent. Thermal infrared ATLAS imagery best discriminated among residue treatments due to differing heat capacities between soil and residue. Results from our study suggest airborne thermal infrared (TIR) imagery can be used for crop residue variability assessment within the southeastern USA. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM dgs@tifton.usda.gov OI Rickman, Doug/0000-0003-3409-2882 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 2007 EP 2013 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300024 ER PT J AU Kulmatiski, A Vogt, DJ Siccama, TG Tilley, JP Kolesinskas, K Wickwire, TW Larson, BC AF Kulmatiski, A Vogt, DJ Siccama, TG Tilley, JP Kolesinskas, K Wickwire, TW Larson, BC TI Landscape determinants of soil carbon and nitrogen storage in southern New England SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; REGRESSION TREES; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; HARDWOOD FOREST; SAMPLE PLOTS; USA; CLASSIFICATION; PARAMETERS; IMPACTS; CLIMATE AB We present estimates of C and N storage from forest soils of northeastern Connecticut, USA. Fifty-six plots were sampled from the forest floor (FF) to 15 cm, and 21 of these plots were sampled to 60 cm. Carbon storage varied more in the FF (2.32 +/- 1.06 kg C m(-2)) than in the top 15 cm of mineral soil (3.43 +/- 0.70 kg C m(-2)). Nitrogen storage, however, varied less in the FF (0.086 +/- 0.037 kg m(-2)) than in the mineral soil (0.224 +/- 0.068 kg m(-2)). Carbon and N storage from the FIT to 60 cm averaged 7.91 +/- 1.74 and 0.56 +/- 0.13 kg m(-2), respectively. Variations in nutrient storage were explained using one and two-way ANOVAs, three-way multivariate regression trees (MRTs) and three site factors: forest stand composition, soil series, and topography. Carbon and N storage in the FF were best explained by stand composition. Carbon storage in the mineral soil was best explained by topography and N storage in the mineral soil was best explained by both stand composition and soil series. In general, hemlock (Tsuga canadensis Carr) stands and hill bottoms were associated with the most C and the soil series in the poorest drainage class and hardwood stands were associated with the most N. When these results were compared with other estimates from the region we observed that nutrient storage varied widely in the FF at local scales (<10 km), but varied more widely in the mineral soil at regional scales (>100 km). These data suggest that soil series and stand composition will provide good local and regional estimates of N storage. Similarly, stand composition will provide good local estimates of C storage. However, variables that explain variation in the mineral soil, such as topography and management history, will be needed to provide regional estimates of C storage. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. RP Kulmatiski, A (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM andrew@biology.usu.edu RI kulmatiski, andrew/J-2072-2015 OI kulmatiski, andrew/0000-0001-9977-5508 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 2014 EP 2022 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300025 ER PT J AU Homann, PS Remillard, SM Harmon, ME Bormann, BT AF Homann, PS Remillard, SM Harmon, ME Bormann, BT TI Carbon storage in coarse and fine fractions of pacific northwest old-growth forest soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE; MATTER; NITROGEN; OREGON; STANDS; ALDER; POOLS; MODEL AB Many assessments of soil C have been restricted to the <2-mm fraction, but C has recently been identified in >2-mm fractions of forest mineral soils. Our objective was to determine the importance of the >2-mm fraction to whole-soil C pools in Pacific Northwest old-growth coniferous forests. Seventy-nine pedons in 18 western Washington and Oregon forests were sampled to a depth of 100 cm. The <2-mm fraction was separated from the >2-mm fraction by air-drying, physically crushing soil, and sieving; C was determined by Leco combustion. The >2-mm fraction contained up to 46% of the whole-soil C and averaged 23% for the seven forests that had C in that fraction. Following treatment with sodium hexametaphosphate to disaggregate soil material, up to 20% of whole-soil C remained in the >2-mm fraction. Thus, the >2-mm fraction C appears to be in stable and unstable aggregates, as well as concretions. The whole-soil C in the surface 100 ern of mineral soil ranged from 30 to 400 Mg C ha(-1). Multiple regression analysis indicated this C pool was positively related to available water capacity, annual precipitation, and coarse woody debris (r(2) = 0.63 to 0.66, n = 18 forests). Similar results were obtained with only the <2-mm soil C, which is the basis of previous regional evaluations. This suggests consideration of the >2-mm fraction does not alter our understanding of the importance of climate and soil texture as controls of soil C pools, but it does affect the quantification of soil C pools in many old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest. C1 Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM homann@cc.wwu.edu NR 41 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 2023 EP 2030 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300026 ER PT J AU Sharpley, AN McDowell, RW Kleinman, PJA AF Sharpley, AN McDowell, RW Kleinman, PJA TI Amounts, forms, and solubility of phosphorus in soils receiving manure SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; CALCAREOUS SOILS; SURFACE RUNOFF; BROILER LITTER; POULTRY LITTER; CATTLE MANURE; AVAILABILITY; AMENDMENTS; FRACTIONS; NITROGEN AB Continually land-applying manure at rates exceeding crop removal can change soil P chemistry and increase soil P to levels that are of environmental concern. To assess the effect of long-term manure application on soil P forms and solubilities, we determined water-extractable P, Mehlich-3 P, Hedley-P fractions, and crystalline Ca-P minerals in surface soil (0-5 cm) from 20 locations in New York (n = 6), Oklahoma (n = 8), and Pennsylvania (n = 6), which received dairy, poultry, or swine manure (40-200 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) for 10 to 25 yr. For all untreated and manured soils, the pH averaged 5.9 and 6.6; exchangeable Ca, 0.9 and 6.2 g kg(-1); organic C, 15.7 and 32.6 g kg(-1); and total P, 407 and 2480 mg kg(-1), respectively. As Mehlich-3 P increased (64-2822 mg kg(-1)), the proportion that was water extractable (14-3%) declined as exchangeable soil Ca increased (R-2 = 0.81). Results suggest that addition of manure to soils shifts P from Al- and Fe- to Ca-P reaction products, accounting for the relatively greater Mehlich-3 but lower water extractability of soil P. This shift has implications to environmental soil P testing. For instance, the fact that Mehlich-3 P has been shown to overestimate potential losses of P in overland flow from heavily manured soils may be explained by dissolution of Ca-P minerals not soluble in water. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. AgRes Ltd, Invermay Agr Res Ctr, Mosgiel, New Zealand. RP Sharpley, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Andrew.Sharpley@ars.usda.gov OI McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 54 TC 144 Z9 174 U1 9 U2 73 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 6 BP 2048 EP 2057 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 872KY UT WOS:000225207300029 ER PT J AU Myszewski, JH Bridgwater, FE Lowe, WJ Byram, TD Megraw, RA AF Myszewski, JH Bridgwater, FE Lowe, WJ Byram, TD Megraw, RA TI Genetic variation in the microfibril angle of loblolly pine from two test sites SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda; microfibril angle (MFA); heritability; genetic correlation; specific gravity ID WOOD SPECIFIC-GRAVITY; PROPERTY TRAITS; JUVENILE WOOD; TAEDA L.; IDENTIFICATION; STIFFNESS; VARIANCE AB In recent years, several studies have examined the effect of microfibril angle (MFA) on wood quality. However, little research has been conducted upon the genetic mechanisms controlling MFA. In this study, we examined the heritability of MFA in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and its genetic relationships with height, diameter, volume, and specific gravity. Increment cores were collected at breast height from 20 to 25 progeny from each of 12 to 17 crosses (among 11 parents) in two modified partial-diallels in different locations in southern Arkansas. Specific gravity was measured on segments containing rings I through 5 and on segments containing rings 6 through 20. MFA was measured on the earlywood and latewood sections of rings 4, 5, 19, and 20. Rings 4 and 5 were chosen as representative of core wood and rings 19 and 20 as representative of outer wood. Analyses of variance revealed statistically significant genetic and environmental influences on MFA. Significant general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and SCA x block effects indicated that there are both additive and nonadditive genetic influences on MFA. Individual-tree, narrow-sense heritability estimates were variable, ranging from 0.17 for earlywood (ring) 4 MFA to 0.51 for earlywood (ring) 20 MFA. Genetic correlations between MFA, specific gravity, and the growth traits were nonsignificant due to large estimated standard errors. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Texas Forest Serv, Western Gulf Forest Tree Improvement Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Weyerhaeuser Co, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Myszewski, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Hwy 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM jmyszewski@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 28 IS 4 BP 196 EP 204 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 877FX UT WOS:000225554300004 ER PT J AU Governo, R Lockaby, BG Rummer, B Colson, C AF Governo, R Lockaby, BG Rummer, B Colson, C TI Silvicultural management within streamside management zones of intermittent streams: Effects on decomposition, productivity, nutrient cycling, and channel vegetation SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; streamside management zone ID ALLUVIAL SWAMP FOREST; FLOODPLAIN FOREST; DYNAMICS; LITTER; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; SYSTEMS; SITE AB The purpose of this watershed study on three intermittent streams was to evaluate responses of riparian processes to three streamside management zone (SMZ) treatments; no harvest, clearcut, and partial harvest (50% basal area removal). Riparian response variables measured included litterfall, leaf litter decomposition, understory vegetation, soil temperature and water chemistry. However, due to drought conditions, insufficient water chemistry data were collected to support quantitative assessment of treatment effects. Comparisons of mass loss rates (k) indicated that decomposition on the control treatment was the most rapid. Understory vegetation surveys showed statistically greater mass of forbs and grasses within the clearcut SMZ. Results suggest that no harvest or a partial harvest within SMZs along intermittent streams are preferable because these treatments maintain carbon inputs to streams. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Engn Unit, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Governo, R (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 108 M-W Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lockabg@auburn.edu NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 28 IS 4 BP 211 EP 224 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 877FX UT WOS:000225554300006 ER PT J AU Singh, N Kaur, M Sandhu, KS Guraya, HS AF Singh, N Kaur, M Sandhu, KS Guraya, HS TI Physicochemical, thermal, morphological and pasting properties of starches from some Indian black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.) cultivars SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE black gram starch; differential scanning calorimeter; Rapid Visco Analyser Amylose; granule size ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; LEGUME STARCHES; CORN STARCH; PEA STARCH; CHICK PEA; GELATINIZATION; AMYLOSE; FLOURS; RETROGRADATION; CRYSTALLINE AB The starches separated from thirteen different black gram cultivars were investigated for physicochemical, thermal, morphological and pasting properties. Amylose content, swelling power, solubility and water binding capacity of starches ranged between 30.2-34.6%, 16.0-22.3 g/g, 14.8-17.3% and 73.5-84.5%, respectively. The diameter of starch granules, measured using a laser-light scattering particle-size analyzer, varied from 12.8 to 14.3 mum in all black gram starches. The shape of starch granules varied from oval to elliptical. The transition temperatures (T(o), T(p) and T(c)) and enthalpy of gelatinization (DeltaH(gel)) determined using differential scanning calorimetry, ranged between 66.1-71.3, 71.0-76.2, 75.9-80.4 degreesC and 6.7-9.4 J/g, respectively. Pasting properties of starches measured using the Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) also differed significantly. Pasting temperature, peak viscosity, trough, breakdown, final viscosity and setback were between 75.8-80.3 degreesC, 422-514, 180-311, 134-212, 400-439 and 102-151 Rapid Visco Units (RVU), respectively. Turbidity values of gelatinized starch pastes increased during refrigerated storage. The relationships between different properties were also determined using Pearson correlation coefficients. Amylose content showed a positive correlation with swelling power, turbidity and granule diameter. Swelling power showed a negative correlation with solubility and setback. T(o), T(p) and T(c) showed positive correlation with turbidity, pasting temperature and were negatively correlated to peak and breakdown viscosity. C1 Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Singh, N (reprint author), Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India. EM narpinders@yahoo.com NR 43 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD NOV PY 2004 VL 56 IS 11 BP 535 EP 544 DI 10.1002/star.200400290 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 874JX UT WOS:000225347800004 ER PT J AU Jones, JB Lacy, GH Bouzar, H Stall, RE Schaad, NW AF Jones, JB Lacy, GH Bouzar, H Stall, RE Schaad, NW TI Reclassification of the xanthomonads associated with bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xanthomonas campostris pv. vesicatoria ID CAMPESTRIS PV VESICATORIA; STRAINS; DIVERSITY; NOV. AB Four phenotypic xanthomonad groups have been identified that are pathogenic to pepper, tomato, or both hosts. These include groups A and C which are found in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, group B found in X. vesicatoria, and group D found in 'X. gardneri'. We present DNA:DNA hybridization data in which X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria group A and C strains have less than 70% DNA relatedness with each other, with the type strain of X. axonopodis, and with the currently classified species within Xanthomonas and, therefore, should be removed from this species and given species status. We present information that the A strains most closely resemble the strains originally isolated by Doidge in 1921. In an attempt to avoid confusion in nomenclature as stated in Principle 1 of the Bacteriological Code, we propose that the A strains of X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria be renamed as X. euvesicatoria (ATCC11633(T) = NCPPB2968(T) = ICMp 109(T) = ICMP 98(T)). Use of the euvesicatoria epithet should be reserved for strains originally identified by Doidge, which she designated Bacterium vesicatorium (Ann. Appl. Biol. 7: 407-430, 1921) in the original description when she referred to those strains as being feebly amylolytic. The name X. perforans sp. nov. is proposed for the C group of strains previously designated as X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (ATCC BAA-983(T) = NCPPB 4321(T)). We also propose that 'X. gardneri', which has less than 70% DNA relatedness with any of the Xanthomonas species and which has never had taxonomic status, be named X. gardneri (ATCC 19865(T) = NCPPB 8811) to reflect the specific epithet proposed by Sutic [17] in 1957. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sakata Seed Amer Inc, Salinas, CA USA. USDA ARS, FDWSRU1301, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jones, JB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, POB 110680, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jbjones@ufl.edu NR 22 TC 141 Z9 165 U1 2 U2 18 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 27 IS 6 BP 755 EP 762 DI 10.1078/0723202042369884 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 878LG UT WOS:000225647700017 ER PT J AU Schaad, NW Postnikova, E Lacy, G Fatmi, M Chang, CJ AF Schaad, NW Postnikova, E Lacy, G Fatmi, M Chang, CJ TI Xylella fastidiosa subspecies: X. fastidiosa subsp piercei, subsp. nov., X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex subsp. nov., and X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca subsp. nov. (vol 27, pg 290, 2004) SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Vet Hassan II, Agadir, Morocco. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 1 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 18 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 27 IS 6 BP 763 EP 763 DI 10.1078/0723202042369848 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 878LG UT WOS:000225647700018 ER PT J AU Schmidt, EA Zhu, JY AF Schmidt, EA Zhu, JY TI Confined shear dilution of a nylon fiber suspension SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEDIUM-CONSISTENCY; TURBULENT JETS; YIELD STRESS; BEHAVIOR AB A fiber suspension stream was introduced parallel to a stream of dilution water in a rectangular test section made of transparent Plexiglas. The test section allowed high-speed digital imaging of the flow field for the purpose of measuring the wake region boundary angle between the two streams. The velocity difference between the two streams was found to affect primarily the boundary angle, increasing the angle from 2&DEG; to as high as 9&DEG; before the onset of recirculation. The boundary angle was negatively correlated to the fiber length and the mass concentration of fiber suspension. The boundary angle was also reduced if the fiber suspension jet flow was not fully turbulent. C1 Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Schmidt, EA (reprint author), Inst Paper Sci & Technol, 500 10th St NW, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. EM eric.schmidt@easchmidt.com NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 11 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 922TQ UT WOS:000228861900003 ER PT J AU Segovia-Lerma, A Murray, LW Townsend, MS Ray, IM AF Segovia-Lerma, A Murray, LW Townsend, MS Ray, IM TI Population-based diallel analyses among nine historically recognized alfalfa germplasms SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TETRAPLOID ALFALFA; YIELD; IMPROVEMENT; HETEROSIS; CULTIVARS; FERTILITY AB Identification of heterotic groups and patterns among breeding populations provides fundamental information to help plant breeders more knowledgeably manipulate heterosis. A diallel analysis was conducted among nine alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) germplasms, commonly referred to as African, Chilean, Flemish, Indian, Ladak, M. falcata, M. varia, Peruvian, and Turkistan, which represent a significant proportion of the genetic diversity present in US cultivars. Heterotic responses were determined by evaluating forage yield of the germplasms and their 36 half-diallel hybrids in seeded plots that were harvested five times in each of 2 years. Commercially acceptable yields were obtained from some hybrids of unimproved parents, where at least one parent was adapted to the study environment. Variation among crosses was attributed primarily to general combining ability (GCA) effects; however, specific combining ability effects were also significant. GCA estimates for African, Chilean and Peruvian were positive, while those for Ladak, M. falcata, and M. varia were negative. Estimates for variety heterosis effects were positive for Peruvian and M. falcata and negative for Indian and M. varia. Significant mid-parent heterosis [(MPH) range of -21% to 55%] and high-parent heterosis [(HPH) range of -33% to 23%] was detected. M. falcata hybrids exhibited the highest MPH values. However, this likely reflects the poor yield of M. falcata per se in the study environment and consequently, low MPH values. Peruvian hybrids demonstrated the highest cross mean performance, significant positive MPH in all crosses, and positive HPH in five out of eight crosses. The results indicate that Peruvian should be recognized as a heterotic group. Alfalfa breeders may wish to explore opportunities for heterotic yield gains that are likely to exist in hybrids between the Peruvian germplasm and elite breeding populations, in particular, those adapted to the southwestern United States. MPH results suggest that alfalfa breeders may have capitalized on the heterotic response between Flemish and M. varia during past development of alfalfa synthetics adapted to the central and northern latitudes of the United States. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ray, IM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM iaray@nmsu.edu NR 25 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 109 IS 8 BP 1568 EP 1575 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1784-8 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 870KA UT WOS:000225054800003 PM 15372154 ER PT J AU Gedye, KR Morris, CF Bettge, AD AF Gedye, KR Morris, CF Bettge, AD TI Determination and evaluation of the sequence and textural effects of the puroindoline a and puroindoline b genes in a population of synthetic hexaploid wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID X T-TAUSCHII; TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; GRAIN HARDNESS; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; STRIPE RUST; D-GENOME; RESISTANCE; GLUTENIN; CROSSES; PROTEIN AB Aegilops tauschii (2n=2 x=14, DD) is a rich source of genetic variability for hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n=6 x=42, AABBDD) improvement. This variability can be accessed through utilizing synthetic hexaploid wheat lines, which contain genomes from Ae. tauschii and T. turgidum (2n=4 x=28, AABB). Numerous desirable characteristics can and have been introgressed into common hexaploid wheat with this germplasm. In this work, the genetic variability in the two puroindoline genes (a and b) contained on the D genome, and the relationship that sequence polymorphisms in these genes have on endosperm texture among a population of 75 CIMMYT synthetic hexaploid accessions is described. Kernel texture was evaluated using the single kernel characterization system (SKCS). Kernel texture differed significantly (Pless than or equal to0.0001) among the synthetic hexaploid accessions (range 2.6-40.9) and the parent types, durum or Ae. tauschii. The interaction term between parent types was also a significant effect (Pless than or equal to0.0001). In addition to the 'wild-type' protein sequences of the puroindoline genes (those present in 'Chinese Spring' and all other soft wheats), three other translated sequences were identified in puroindoline a and two others in puroindoline b. These protein sequences were associated with significantly (Pless than or equal to0.0001) softer endosperm textures than the wild-type protein sequences. As the softer alleles are expressed in a hexaploid background, they are immediately available to wheat breeding programs. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 36 TC 36 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 109 IS 8 BP 1597 EP 1603 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1788-4 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 870KA UT WOS:000225054800006 PM 15448897 ER PT J AU Lee, GJ Boerma, HR Villagarcia, MR Zhou, X Carter, TE Li, Z Gibbs, MO AF Lee, GJ Boerma, HR Villagarcia, MR Zhou, X Carter, TE Li, Z Gibbs, MO TI A major QTL conditioning salt tolerance in S-100 soybean and descendent cultivars SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SALINITY; CHLORIDE; GROWTH; STRESS; WATER; MARKERS; CULTURE; TOMATO; PLANTS AB Deployment of salt tolerant cultivars is an effective approach to minimize yield loss in a saline soil. In soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., substantial genetic variation exists for salt response. However, breeding for salt tolerance is hampered because no economically viable screening method has been developed for practical breeding. To facilitate the development of an effective screening method for salt tolerance in soybean, the present study was conducted to determine the heritability of salt tolerance and to identify associated quantitative trait loci (QTL). F-2:5 lines from the cross of 'S-100' (salt tolerant) x 'Tokyo' (salt sensitive) were evaluated in a saline field in Hyde County, N.C., USA, in 1999 and in a greenhouse located in Raleigh, N.C., USA, in 2001. S-100 and Tokyo are ancestors of popular soybean cultivars released for the southern USA. The visual salt tolerance ratings of the F-2:5 lines ranged from 0 (complete death) to 5 (normal healthy appearance). The entry-mean heritability for salt tolerance was 0.85, 0.48, and 0.57 in the field (four replications), greenhouse (two replications), and combined environments, respectively. The genotypic correlation between field and greenhouse ratings was 0.55, indicating reasonably good agreement between the two screening environments. To identify QTL associated with salt tolerance, each line was characterized with RFLP markers and an initial QTL single-factor analysis was completed. These results were used to identify genomic regions associated with the trait and to saturate the selected genomic regions with SSR markers to improve mapping precision. Subsequently, a major QTL for salt tolerance was discovered near the Sat_091 SSR marker on linkage group (LG) N, accounting for 41, 60, and 79% of the total genetic variation for salt tolerance in the field, greenhouse, and combined environments, respectively. The QTL allele associated with tolerance was derived from S-100. Pedigree tracking was used to examine the association between the salt tolerance QTL and flanking SSR marker alleles in U.S. cultivars descended from S-100 or Tokyo through 60 years of breeding. The presence of alleles from S-100 at the Sat_091 and Satt237 marker loci was always associated with salt tolerance in descendants. Alleles from Tokyo for these same markers were generally associated with salt sensitivity in descendent cultivars. The strong relationship between the SSR marker alleles and salt tolerance suggests that these markers could be used for marker-assisted selection in commercial breeding. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred, Canola Res Ctr, Georgetown, ON L7G 4S7, Canada. RP Boerma, HR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rboerma@uga.edu NR 53 TC 68 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 109 IS 8 BP 1610 EP 1619 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1783-9 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 870KA UT WOS:000225054800008 PM 15365627 ER PT J AU Wipfli, MS Hudson, JP Caouette, JP AF Wipfli, MS Hudson, JP Caouette, JP TI Restoring productivity of salmon-based food webs: Contrasting effects of salmon carcass and salmon carcass analog additions on stream-resident salmonids SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; FRESH-WATER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MARINE SUBSIDIES; FROZEN STORAGE; CANOPY REMOVAL; NUTRIENTS AB We tested the hypotheses that salmon carcasses and salmon carcass analogs (dried, processed hatchery salmon) increase the condition factor, production, and whole-body lipid content of stream-resident salmonids and that stream shading affects responses to enrichment. Two enrichment treatments (salmon carcass, salmon analog) and a control, each with and without simulated riparian shading (95% shade), were replicated six times in once-through artificial channels (mesocosms). Each channel was stocked with three live young-of-the-year coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. The experiment spanned 30 July through 18 September 2002. Production and lipid content significantly increased in both carcass and analog treatments. Condition was generally unchanged. Stream shading significantly reduced the magnitude of production and lipid responses. In addition, in a small stream where salmon carcasses and analogs were added to two separate tributaries, cutthroat trout O. clarki had higher mean condition, production, and lipid content than fish in stream sections that were not enriched (6 August to 20 September 2002). Furthermore, coho salmon production was also higher in an analog-enriched reach than in control reaches. This study illustrates that marine subsidies from salmon spawners and salmon analogs increase condition, production, and lipid concentrations of resident and anadromous salmonids. Larger and more lipid-rich fish may subsequently have higher survival and reproduction, thereby elevating freshwater and marine salmonid production. Salmon analogs appear to hold promise for restoring nutrients and productivity to freshwater ecosystems suffering reduced salmon runs and may prove to be a useful, albeit temporary, tool for improving aquatic productivity. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Forest Serv, Alaska Reg, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Wipfli, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mark.wipfli@uaf.edu NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1440 EP 1454 DI 10.1577/T03-112.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 869FZ UT WOS:000224970100010 ER PT J AU Bryant, MD Zymonas, ND Wright, BE AF Bryant, MD Zymonas, ND Wright, BE TI Salmonids on the fringe: Abundance, species composition, and habitat use of salmonids in high-gradient headwater streams, southeast Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RIVERINE PONDS; WOODY DEBRIS; WALES ISLAND; CHANNELS; PRINCE AB We evaluated the species distribution, abundance, and habitat relationships of salmonids in small first- to second-order headwater Streams in southeast Alaska. Streams were separated into three zones based on gradient and sampled during the spring, summer, and fall. Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma were found in all streams where fish were present. They were the dominant species in moderate- (mean gradient = 5.5%) and high-gradient (mean gradient = 12.9%) zones. Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch fry and parr were the dominant species in the low-gradient zone (mean gradient = 3.1%) but were present in higher-gradient zones. Small numbers of steethead O. mykiss parr were present in all three zones in the spring and fall. Few were captured during the summer. Coastal cutthroat trout O. clarkii were found primarily in one stream and in all three zones. The density of all species decreased as gradient increased. Anadromous Dolly Varden in spawning condition were observed in the fall up to the highest accessible locations in four streams. Salmonids use high-gradient reaches when pools are present and accessible. Headwater tributaries comprise a large proportion of most southeast Alaska watersheds, and the combined contribution from all of these tributaries to the fish community may be large. The results from this study underscore the importance of maintaining access for fish throughout watersheds and into small high-gradient streams. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Bryant, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mdbryant@fs.fed.us RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009 NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1529 EP 1538 DI 10.1577/T03-157.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 869FZ UT WOS:000224970100017 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Sharma, AK AF Raper, RL Sharma, AK TI Soil moisture effects on energy requirements and soil disruption of subsoiling a coastal plain soil SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE draft; energy; soil compaction; soil moisture; subsoiling; tillage ID TIRE INTERFACE STRESSES; INFLATION PRESSURE; TILLAGE; COTTON; PARAMETERS; STRENGTH; DESIGN; SYSTEM AB An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum moisture content to subsoil based on tillage forces and soil disruption. Two different shanks, a straight shank and a "minimum-tillage" shank, were tested in a Coastal Plain soil in the soil bins of the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory in Auburn, Alabama. A three-dimensional dynamometer measured tillage forces, and a laser profilometer measured soil disruption. Tillage forces and soil disruption measured in the driest soil condition were greatest. The "minimum-tillage " shank required more energy and disrupted less surface soil than the straight shank. An index, the trench specific resistance (TSR), was developed to aid in determining the minimum amount of draft force necessary for maximally disrupting a deeper soil profile. Reduced values of TSR were found for the straight shank compared to the "minimum-tillage" shank, as minimum draft produced maximum soil disturbance. Reduced values of TSR were also found for subsoiling operations conducted at all soil conditions other than the driest. Based on this research, subsoiling should not be conducted at the extreme driest soil condition due to increased draft forces and increased above ground soil disruption. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Maharana Pratap Univ Agr & Technol, Coll Technol & Engn, Dept Farm Machinery & Power Engn, Udaipur, India. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rlraper@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1899 EP 1905 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 890GE UT WOS:000226498900002 ER PT J AU Gitau, MW Veith, TL Gburek, WJ AF Gitau, MW Veith, TL Gburek, WJ TI Farm-level optimization of BMP placement for cost-effective pollution reduction SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE agricultural nonpoint-source pollution; BMP genetic algorithm; SWAT AB With best management practices (BMPs) being used increasingly to control agricultural pollutant losses to surface waters, establishing the environmental effectiveness of these practices has become important. Additionally, cost implications of establishing and maintaining environmentally effective BMPs are often a crucial factor in selecting and adopting BMPs. This article considers both water quality and economic concerns and presents a methodology developed for determining cost-effective farm- or watershed-level scenarios through optimization. This optimization technique uniquely incorporates three existing tools: a genetic algorithm (GA), a watershed-level nonpoint-source model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT), and a BMP tool. The GA combines initial pollutant loadings from SWAT with literature-based pollution reduction efficiencies from the BMP tool and with BMP costs to determine cost-effective watershed scenarios. The methodology was successfully applied to a 300 ha farm within the Cannonsville Reservoir watershed, a phosphorus (P) restricted reservoir within New York City's water supply system. An average reduction in dissolved P of 60% over the lifetime of the BMPs was set as the pollutant target. A baseline scenario was established to represent practices on the farm before BMP implementation. The most cost-effective scenario for the farm, under the presented methodology, achieved a cost-effectiveness of 0.6 kg dissolved P reduction per dollar spent per year Additionally, the methodology determined alternative scenarios for the farm, which met the pollution reduction criterion cost-effectively. The methodology, as developed, is extendable to multi-farm or watershed-level evaluations. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gitau, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtain Rd,Bldg 3702, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mwg5@psu.edu RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 24 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1923 EP 1931 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 890GE UT WOS:000226498900005 ER PT J AU Hubbard, RK Gascho, GJ Newton, GL AF Hubbard, RK Gascho, GJ Newton, GL TI Use of floating vegetation to remove nutrients from swine lagoon wastewater SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE biomass production; floating vegetative mats; nutrient uptake; wastewater lagoon; wetland plant species ID NORTHERN EVERGLADES; CLADIUM-JAMAICENSE; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; TYPHA-DOMINGENSIS; EFFLUENT; GROWTH; EFFICIENCY; WETLANDS; SOIL AB Methods are needed to remove nutrients contained within wastewater lagoons. Potential exists for nutrient removal directly from lagoons if vegetation can be grown on floating mats in the lagoon and periodically harvested and removed. Vegetative cover of lagoons may also help reduce odor problems. A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using floating mats of vegetation on swine lagoon wastewater. Wastewater from the University of Georgia swine wastewater lagoons was pumped to replicated tanks (1285 L) in which floating mats of vegetation were grown. The floating platforms were made of PVC pipe with attached wire screen and fibrous material into which the vegetation was sprigged. Three different wetland species were tested: cattail (Typha latifolia L.), soft rush (Juncus effuses), and maidencane (Panicum hematomon Schult 'Halifax'). Full-strength wastewater, 1/2-strength wastewater, and an inorganic nutrient solution (1/4-strength Hoaglund solution) as a control were tested. The test was conducted as a modified batch process as opposed to a continuous flow through process. The modification was that every two weeks half of the volume of each tank was replaced with the appropriate solution of full-strength wastewater 1/2-strength wastewater, or 1/4-strength Hoaglund solution so that nutrient concentrations would not be depleted. There were four replicate tanks of each nutrient solution for each wetland species, for a total of 36 tanks. Vegetation from the floating mats was harvested periodically by removing all vegetation above 5 cm of the base of the floating mat. Measurements were made at each cutting of the total biomass per tank, leaf area, and nutrient content (N, P K) of the vegetative tissue. Growth responses were quite different among the three species. The cattail had tremendous growth during the spring and summer months. The growth rate of the rush was slow for the first year It then died during summer of 2002 at both the 1/2-strength and full-strength wastewater, indicating that this species is not suitable for growth on floating mats in swine lagoon wastewater Total nutrient removal by both the cattail and maidencane was primarily a function of total biomass produced. Over the length of the study, on full-strength wastewater the cattail produced 16,511 g m(-2) biomass and removed 534, 79, and 563 g m(-2) of N, P and K, respectively, while the maidencane produced 9751 g m(-2) of biomass and removed 323, 48, and 223 g m(-2) of N, P and K, respectively. Results from this study indicate that potential exists for using floating platforms to grow cattail, maidencane, or possibly other yet to be identified plant species in wastewater lagoons for nutrient removal. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Hubbard, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM hubbard@tifton.usda.gov NR 35 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1963 EP 1972 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 890GE UT WOS:000226498900009 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Krause, CR Derksen, RC Brazee, RD Zondag, R Fausey, NR AF Zhu, H Krause, CR Derksen, RC Brazee, RD Zondag, R Fausey, NR TI Real-time measurement of drainage from pot-in-pot container nurseries SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE irrigation; rainfall; rain gauge; tipping bucket; tree production; water management ID RUNOFF; PLOTS AB In pot-in-pot nursery production, information on the amount of drainage water loss from the pots due to irrigation and rainfall is beneficial to improving irrigation water use efficiency and optimizing nutrition management. An experimental field site was established to determine drainage water loss from pot-in-pot container nurseries with micro-irrigation. The site consisted of 50 container-grown trees, 10 tipping-bucket rain gauge units, and a portable weather station. Rain gauge units were calibrated four different ways to determine repeatability and reliability for real-time measurement of the drainage water. Volume of water was calculated from the product of number of tips and volume per tip. Accuracy of measurements was verified by the amount of drainage water collected weekly in collection buckets located under rain gauge units for various irrigation applications and rainfall events. The maximum difference in the weekly amount of drainage water collected with the collection buckets and measured with the rain gauge units was 1.215 L (or 5.3% error) when the daily irrigation application to five trees was 15.5 L. The system reported real-time measurement of drainage water due to irrigation and rainfall, and provided a research tool to evaluate strategies for nurseries to better manage irrigation schedules. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ Extens, Lake Cty, OH USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Agr Engn Bldg,OARDC,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM zhu.16@osu.edu NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1973 EP 1979 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 890GE UT WOS:000226498900010 ER PT J AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO TI Calibration methods for nondestructive microwave sensing of moisture content and bulk density of granular materials SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE attenuation; bulk density; corn; dielectric properties; free space; granular materials; microwaves; moisture content; multiparameter sensor; phase shift; soybeans; wheat ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; GRAIN; DEPENDENCE AB The principles of a nondestructive multiparameter microwave sensor operating at a single frequency are presented. Two calibration methods are reviewed and compared for simultaneous, independent determination of bulk density and moisture content in granular materials. The first calibration method is based on measurement of attenuation and phase shift through a layer of material in free space. The attenuation and phase shift were used to determine simultaneously bulk density and moisture content, and the attenuation-to-phase ratio was used to determine moisture content independent of bulk density changes. For the second calibration method, relationships are established between the dielectric properties and bulk density and moisture content. The dielectric properties were used to determine simultaneously bulk density and moisture content, and a calibration function, expressed in terms of these properties, was used to determine moisture content independent of bulk density. In addition, a complex-plane representation of the dielectric properties provided bulk density independent of temperature and moisture content. Performance of these calibration methods in predicting bulk density and moisture content was compared for wheat, corn, and soybeans at 10.0 GHz at room temperature. Bulk density and moisture content calibration equations are given for each material along with corresponding standard errors of calibration. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Qual Assessment Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM strabelsi@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1999 EP 2008 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 890GE UT WOS:000226498900013 ER PT J AU Jackson, E Delwiche, M Barak, J Charkowski, A Suslow, T AF Jackson, E Delwiche, M Barak, J Charkowski, A Suslow, T TI Sensor components for PCR detection of Salmonella in alfalfa sprout irrigation water SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE biosensor food safety; pathogens; real-time PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BIOSENSOR; BACTERIA; AMPLIFICATION; SAMPLES; ASSAY AB Salmonella has been associated with a number of recent outbreaks of foodborne illness involving sprouted seeds. In this research, we addressed the design of sensor components intended for use in a fully automated detection system. A real-time PCR assay was developed to detect Salmonella in sprout irrigation water. Specific detection was achieved by targeting a region of the invasion gene, invA. The detection limit for Salmonella in sterile water was approximately 400 CFU, and in sprout irrigation water the detection limit was approximately 200 CFU. Components for an automated sensing system were designed, including a thermal cycler and a fluorescent optical sensor The thermal cycler utilized a thermoelectric module for heating and cooling the sample block and a heat sink and fan to remove heat from the module during cooling. Sample temperature was controlled to within about 1degreesC at each of the PCR setpoints (94degreesC, 55degreesC, and 72degreesC). The optical sensor used a laser diode (635 nm) for excitation and a bandpass interference filter (700 +/- 20 nm) coupled with a photodiode for fluorescence detection. The DNA dye TO-PRO-3 (642 nm excitation; 661 nm emission) was chosen to match the excitation wavelength of the laser diode. Calibration of the optical sensor with calf thymus DNA showed detection down to 0.01 mug mL(-1), demonstrating the potential to detect down to 1 CFU if used in conjunction with PCR. When the sensor components were used to implement the real-time assay, S. Newport was detected to approximately 7.3 x 10(4) CFU in sterile water and approximately 1.5 x 10(6) CFU in sprout irrigation water. Further optimization of the assay in the sensor will be needed to improve the detection limits. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Veg Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Delwiche, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shield Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mjdelwiche@ucdavis.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2137 EP 2144 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 890GE UT WOS:000226498900027 ER PT J AU Rains, GC Tomberlin, JK D'Alessandro, M Lewis, WJ AF Rains, GC Tomberlin, JK D'Alessandro, M Lewis, WJ TI Limits of volatile chemical detection of a parasitoid wasp, Microplitis croceipes, and an electronic nose: A comparative study SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE electronic nose; sensors; volatile compounds ID PLANTS; FOOD; LEPIDOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; NOCTUIDAE; LOCATION; ODORS AB Volatile chemical signals are used by many animals to find food, mates, or hosts. While the keen sense of smell of dogs has been used for centuries, other animals have not been significantly utilized. Recent studies have indicated that many insect species have the ability to learn volatile chemical compounds in association with food or other resources. These insects present a novel approach to volatile chemical detection that could provide a highly sensitive, inexpensive, flexible, and portable sensor One characteristic of insects that makes them desirable as a potential chemical detector is their ability to detect extremely low levels of chemical compounds. A parasitoid wasp, Microplitis croceipes, was used as the model insect for determining the threshold of response for four compounds: 3-octanone, a compound found in many fungal pathogens; myrcene, a volatile constituent released by cotton plants fed on by cotton bollworms; and putriscene and cadaverine, two products of the breakdown of dead animal protein by microorganisms. Eighteen wasps were trained to each of these individual compounds at one dosage and tested at decreasing dosage levels until their responses were negligible. Each dosage was tested with 18 freshly trained wasps. The wasp response to the odor was determined by a searching behavior called antennating. Wasp response was measured by the length of time the wasp antennated when exposed to the odor The mean wasp response fell below 10 s at approximately 3.1 x 10(-7), 2.9 x 10(-6), 3.9 x 10(-6) and 4.5 x 10(-7) mol L-1 of compound for 3-octanone, myrcene, cadaverine, and putriscene, respectively. For comparative purposes, the detection limits of an electronic nose, the Cyranose 320, was determined for two of the four compounds. The response limits of the wasp for the compounds 3-octanone and myrcene were 74 and 94 times better than the electronic nose, respectively. The response limit of the wasps to putriscene, 3-octanone, and myrcene was approximately 10 times better than to cadaverine. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Rains, GC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, POB 748,Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM grains@uga.edu NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2145 EP 2152 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 890GE UT WOS:000226498900028 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, WH AF Yokoyama, WH TI Masma LDL cholestorol lowering by plant phytosterols in a hamster model SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHOLESTEROL; QUANTITATION; PLASMA; RICE C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Yokoyama, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 15 IS 11 BP 528 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.tifs.2004.03.006 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 859CF UT WOS:000224239000003 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS AF Fayer, R Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS TI Zoonotic protozoa: from land to sea SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; MUSSELS MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; GIARDIA-DUODENALIS; PHOCA-VITULINA; SOUTHERN; OTTERS AB Attention to worldwide pollution of the coastal marine environment has focused primarily on toxic algal blooms and pathogenic bacteria that multiply in nutrient-rich waters. However, massive but unseen amounts of feces from humans, their pets, and their domesticated animals are discharged, dumped, or carried in runoff, bringing encysted zoonotic protozoan parasites to estuaries and coastal waters. Here, they contaminate bathing beaches, are filtered and concentrated by shellfish eaten by humans and marine mammals, and infect a wide range of marine animal hosts, resulting in morbidity and mortality to some populations. This review addresses the extent of contamination and the animals affected by three genera of important zoonotic protozoa: Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 63 TC 164 Z9 171 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 11 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2004.08.008 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 868ZI UT WOS:000224951400008 PM 15471705 ER PT J AU Abbaspour, KC Johnson, CA van Genuchten, MT AF Abbaspour, KC Johnson, CA van Genuchten, MT TI Estimating uncertain flow and transport parameters using a sequential uncertainty fitting procedure SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INCINERATOR BOTTOM ASH; AFFECTING LEACHATE COMPOSITION; SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; IMPROVED CALIBRATION; INVERSE ESTIMATION; UNSATURATED FLOW; LANDFILL LOSTORF AB Inversely obtained hydrologic parameters are always uncertain (nonunique) because of errors associated with the measurements and the invoked conceptual model, among other factors. Quantification of this uncertainty in multidimensional parameter space is often difficult because of complexities in the structure of the objective function. In this study we describe parameter uncertainties using uniform distributions and fit these distributions iteratively within larger absolute intervals such that two criteria are met: (i) bracketing most of the measured data ( > 90%) within the 95% prediction uncertainty (95PPU) and (ii) obtaining a small ratio ( < 1) of the average difference between the upper and lower 95PPU and the standard deviation of the measured We define a model as calibrated if, upon reaching these two criteria, a significant R(2) exists between the observed and simulated results. A program, SUFI-2, was developed and tested for the calibration of two bottom ash landfills. SUFI-2 performs a combined optimization and uncertainty analysis using a global search procedure and can deal with a large number of parameters through Latin hypercube sampling. We explain the above concepts using an example in which two municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash monofills were successfully calibrated and tested for flow, and one monofill also for transport. Because of high levels of heavy metals in the leachate, monitoring and modeling of such landfills is critical from environmental points of view. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Environm Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Abbaspour, KC (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Environm Sci & Technol, Ueberlandstr 133,POB 611, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. EM abbaspour@eawag.ch RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 57 TC 195 Z9 205 U1 4 U2 44 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1340 EP 1352 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BD UT WOS:000227469200029 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD AF Bosch, DD TI Comparison of capacitance-based soil water probes in coastal plain soils SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; LABORATORY CALIBRATION AB Soil water influences infiltration and runoff and consequently water quality. In situ measurements of soil water are critical for understanding hydrologic and water quality processes. Many advances have recently been made in soil water measurement techniques. In particular, instruments for estimating volumetric water content from measurements of soil electrical properties have become common. While the instruments have been shown to be good indicators of relative changes in soil water, questions remain regarding their ability to yield quantitative estimates. Most of these techniques rely on a limited set of calibration equations obtained through laboratory analysis of homogeneous soil materials (i.e., sand, silt, and clay). The accuracy of two capacitance-based soil water probes was assessed for a range of Coastal Plain The probes measure capacitive and conductive soil properties and relate these to water content through calibration. Calibration curves for three different Coastal Plain soils were developed. Laboratory tests indicate that the probes yield estimates of volumetric water content within +/- 0.05 cm(3) cm(-3) of the observed values for these soils. Greater variability was observed in comparisons with field observations. Results indicate that improved equations can be developed through soill-specific laboratory calibration. The capacitance probes should prove to be useful tools for estimating volumetric water content in these soils. Additional work is required to quantify probe differences and the effects of soil conductivity on the measurements. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM dbosch@tifton.usda.gov NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1380 EP 1389 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BD UT WOS:000227469200032 ER PT J AU Schaap, MG Nemes, A van Genuchten, MT AF Schaap, MG Nemes, A van Genuchten, MT TI Comparison of models for indirect estimation of water retention and available water in surface soils SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PEDO-TRANSFER FUNCTIONS; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; NEURAL NETWORKS; PREDICTION; CURVES; ACCURACY; DATABASE AB Quantitative knowledge of the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties is required in most studies involving water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone. Unfortunately, direct measurement of such properties is often difficult, expensive and time-consuming. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) offer a means to estimate soil hydraulic properties based on predictors like texture, bulk density, and other soil variables. In this study, we focus on PTFs for water retention and show that systematic errors in five existing PTFs can be reduced by using water content - based objective functions, instead of parameter value - based objective functions. The alternative analysis was accomplished by establishing offset and slope coefficients for each estimated hydraulic parameter. Subsequently we evaluated these and six other PTFs for estimating water retention parameters using the NRCS soils database. A total of 47 435 records containing 113 970 observed water contents were used to test the PTFs for mean errors and root mean square errors. No overall superior model was found. Models with many calibration parameters or more input variables were not necessarily better than more simple models. All models underestimated water contents, with values ranging from - 0.0086 to - 0.0279 cm(3) cm(-3). Average root mean square errors ranged from 0.0687 cm(3) cm(-3) for a PTF that provided textural class average parameters to 0.0315 cm(3) cm(-3) for a model that also used two water retention points as predictors. Available soil water content for vegetation was estimated with errors ranging from 0.058 to 0.080 cm(3) cm(-3), depending on the model and the definition of available water. C1 ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Inst Soil Sci & Agr Chem, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP Schaap, MG (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mschaap@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1455 EP 1463 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BD UT WOS:000227469200040 ER PT J AU Goff, JP AF Goff, JP TI Macromineral disorders of the transition cow SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID BOVINE PARTURIENT PARESIS; ACID-BASE STATUS; DAIRY-COWS; MILK FEVER; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; ANIONIC SALTS; MAGNESIUM HOMEOSTASIS; HYPOKALEMIA SYNDROME; BALANCE DISORDERS; PLASMA MINERALS AB Four macrominerals have the distinction of being involved in the "downer cow" syndrome, which is, unfortunately, often associated with parturition in cows. Inadequate blood calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), or potassium (K) concentrations can cause a cow to lose the ability to rise to her feet, as these minerals are necessary for nerve and muscle function. Less severe disturbances in blood concentrations of these minerals can cause reduced feed intake, poor rumen and intestine motility, poor productivity, and increased susceptibility to other metabolic and infectious disease. Extracellular fluid volume, in L, is approximately 30% of the weight (kg) of the adult animal, and is comprised of two compartments-the interstitial fluids, and plasma. Intracellular fluid volume is approximately 50% of body weight. Mechanisms for maintaining blood Ca, P, Mg, and K concentrations perform efficiently most of the time, but occasionally these homeostatic mechanisms fail and metabolic diseases such as milk fever occur. An understanding of how and why these mechanisms fail may arise from a thorough understanding of how these mechanisms work under normal circumstances and then exploring the possible sites for breakdown of homeostasis. Strategies to avoid these disorders can then be developed. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis & Immunol Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Goff, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis & Immunol Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jgoff@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Vinicius/E-5801-2011 NR 72 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 18 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 471 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2004.06.003 PG 25 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 866BA UT WOS:000224746700003 PM 15471621 ER PT J AU Harp, JA Waters, TE Goff, JP AF Harp, JA Waters, TE Goff, JP TI Lymphocyte subsets and adhesion molecule expression in milk and blood of periparturient dairy cattle SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine; adhesion molecules; homing receptors; lymphocytes; T cells; B cells ID BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND; NODE HOMING RECEPTOR; T-CELL ACTIVATION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; DRY PERIOD; CD44; SECRETIONS; PATTERNS; TISSUE; LFA-1 AB Fifteen Holstein dairy cattle were monitored for lymphocyte subsets and expression of adhesion molecules on cells in milk and blood at parturition and at intervals up to 21 days post-partum. Using flow cytometry, we determined percentages of T cells (CD4+, CD8+, gammadelta) and B cells from milk and blood of these cows. We also measured expression of adhesion molecules (CD62L, LFA-1, LPAM-1, and CD44) on lymphocytes in milk and blood. Significantly higher percentages of CD8+ cells were found in milk than in blood at all time points while significantly higher percentages of B cells were found in blood than in milk at all time points. There were minimal to no significant differences in percentages of CD4+ or gammadelta+ cells between milk and blood. Expression of adhesion molecules was consistently higher on all subsets of milk lymphocytes compared with blood lymphocytes. These differences were most pronounced and statistically significant at calving and in the first week following calving. CD62L LPAM-1 and CD44 were expressed on a significantly higher percentage of lymphocytes in milk at calving than in milk at subsequent sampling times, while LFA-1 expression on lymphocytes in milk was significantly lower at calving than at subsequent times. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Harp, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jharp@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.05.006 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 862CC UT WOS:000224466200002 PM 15451611 ER PT J AU Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Brown, TP Huff, GR AF Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Brown, TP Huff, GR TI Proventriculitis in broiler chickens: Immunohistochemical characterization of the lymphocytes infiltrating the proventricular glands SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chickens; immunohistochemistry; proventriculitis; T and B lymphocytes ID INFECTIOUS-BRONCHITIS VIRUS; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; T-LYMPHOCYTES; SUBSETS; LESIONS; IMMUNITY; POULTRY; CELLS; DIET AB Broiler chickens with transmissible proventriculitis have severe lymphocytic infiltration of the proventricular glands. The distribution of T cells and B cells in these infiltrates was studied histopathologically, and their identity was confirmed immunohistochemically (CD3, CD4, CD8, and B cells). To reproduce this disease, 1-day-old commercial boilers were orally gavaged with homogenized proventriculi from broilers with proventriculitis. Resulting lesions were examined at both acute (7 days postinoculation [dpi]) and chronic (14 and 21 dpi) time points. Lymphocytic infiltrates in the proventricular glands and the mucosal lamina propria were present at all time points and were most prominent and demarcated at 14 dpi. T and B lymphocytes were present during acute and chronic proventriculitis, but their distribution varied within the glands, Lymphocytic infiltrates in the proventricular glands and in the lamina propria were predominantly CD3+ T cells, and most of these were also CD8+. B cells and CD4+ T cells formed aggregates in chronic proventriculitis. Thus, both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses are induced during transmissible proventriculitis, and the cell-mediated immune response is morphologically greater. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Brown, TP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, 953 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM tbrown@uga.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 641 EP 648 DI 10.1354/vp.41-6-641 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 873IF UT WOS:000225272400005 PM 15561672 ER PT J AU Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ Goff, JP Kimura, K Lippolis, JD Hope, JC AF Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ Goff, JP Kimura, K Lippolis, JD Hope, JC TI Innate immune response to intramammary infection with Serratia marcescens and Streptococcus uberis SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cytokines; innate immunity; mastitis; Serratia; Streptococcus ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-BINDING PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; COMPLEMENT FRAGMENT C5A; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; CD14 REDUCES SEVERITY; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SEPTIC SHOCK; CUTTING EDGE AB Streptococcus uberis and Serratia marcescens are Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively, that induce clinical mastitis. Once initial host barrier systems have been breached by these pathogens, the innate immune system provides the next level of defense against these infectious agents. The innate immune response is characterized by the induction of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as increases in other accessory proteins that facilitate host recognition and elimination of the pathogens. The objective of the current study was to characterize the innate immune response during clinical mastitis elicited by these two important, yet less well-studied, Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The pro-inflammatory cytokine response and changes in the levels of the innate immune accessory recognition proteins, soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP), were studied. Decreased milk output, induction of a febrile response, and increased acute phase synthesis of LBP were all characteristic of the systemic response to intramammary infection with either organism. Infection with either bacteria similarly resulted in increased milk levels of IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, sCD14, LBP, and the complement component, C5a. However, the duration of and/or maximal changes in the increased levels of these inflammatory markers were significantly different for several of the inflammatory parameters assayed. In particular, S. uberis infection was characterized by the sustained elevation of higher milk levels of IL-1beta, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and C5a, relative to S. marcescens infection. Together, these data demonstrate the variability of the innate immune response to two distinct mastitis pathogens. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Near Newbury RG20 7NN, Berks, England. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Hope, Jayne/C-7752-2013 OI Hope, Jayne/0000-0001-6573-6172 NR 67 TC 78 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 5 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 681 EP 700 DI 10.1051/vetres:2004040 PG 20 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 870MA UT WOS:000225060000007 PM 15535958 ER PT J AU Ceplecha, ZL Waskom, RM Bauder, TA Sharkoff, JL Khosla, R AF Ceplecha, ZL Waskom, RM Bauder, TA Sharkoff, JL Khosla, R TI Vulnerability assessments of Colorado ground water to nitrate contamination SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ground water; nitrate leaching; vulnerability; geographic information systems; GIS ID UNITED-STATES; AQUIFER SUSCEPTIBILITY; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; MANAGING NITROGEN; PALUXY AQUIFER; CENTRAL TEXAS; GIS; POLLUTION; PROBABILITY; MANAGEMENT AB Nitrate (NO(3)-N) contamination of ground water aquifers is an important problem in the United States and throughout the world, particularly as ground water resources become increasingly relied upon to support human needs. Cost effective methodologies are needed to facilitate decision-making for ground water protection. To aid ground water protection organizations, we designed two tools to assess aquifer vulnerability to NO(3)-N contamination in Colorado. The first tool is a statewide aquifer vulnerability map (VM) that identifies regions vulnerable to ground water contamination. The VM uses five factors that influence aquifer vulnerability on a regional scale: aquifer locations, depth to water, soil drainage class, land use, and recharge availability. We validated the VM using 576 discrete ground water sample points from throughout the state and found that the VM was able to delineate areas of increased aquifer vulnerability to NO(3)-N contamination (r(2) = 0.78). The second aquifer assessment tool is a vulnerability matrix (VMX) developed to help practitioners determine relative aquifer vulnerability to NO(3)-N contamination on a field scale. The VMX consists of a series of factors that are rated and combined for a particular field. This rating is used to give landowners an index of general aquifer vulnerability to NO(3)-N contamination for a specific field, and inform them of changes in management practices to reduce the vulnerability. The VMX can be used in conjunction with the VM to determine NO(3)-N contamination potential from intensive agriculture. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Higgins & Associates LLC, Centennial, CO 80112 USA. NRCS, USDA, Lakewood, CO USA. RP Waskom, RM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rwaskom@lamar.colostate.edu NR 53 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 159 IS 1-4 BP 373 EP 394 DI 10.1023/B:WATE.0000049188.73506.c9 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 873SF UT WOS:000225300500025 ER PT J AU Lu, LG Hume, ME Sternes, KL Pillai, SD AF Lu, LG Hume, ME Sternes, KL Pillai, SD TI Genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates in irrigation water and associated sediments: implications for source tracking SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pulse field gel electrophoresis; Escherichia coli; source tracking; irrigation water; genetic diversity ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; FECAL CONTAMINATION; UNITED-STATES; FOREIGN DNA; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS; BACTERIA; O157-H7; RECOMBINATION AB Identifying the sources of fecal contaminants in surface water bodies such as rivers and lakes is of significant importance for environmental quality, food safety and regulatory purposes. Current DNA library-based source tracking approaches rely on the comparison of the genetic relatedness among the fecal contaminants. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness of Escherichia coli isolated from irrigation water and associated sediments using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and to evaluate the genetic stability of the E. coli PFGE patterns. The isolates were obtained over a 4-month period from specific locations within irrigation canals and sediments associated with the Rio Grande River along the Texas-Mexico border. Fifty E. coli isolates were genotyped using PFGE. Different E. coli genotypes were identified among samples collected in 11 different locations. Some isolates obtained over successive months showed similar genotypic patterns. In the laboratory experiment, the PFGE pattern of one E. coli strain changed during survival in irrigation water. The genetic relatedness of this strain changed from >95 % to <83% over 8-week survival. These results imply that PFGE is of such extreme resolution that it may be a challenging task to rely solely on a PFGE-based source tracking DNA fingerprint library for large watersheds. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Kleberg Ctr, Dept Poultry Sci, Food Safety Microbiol Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Biol, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. RP Pillai, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Kleberg Ctr, Dept Poultry Sci, Food Safety Microbiol Program, 2472 TAMUS,418D Kleberg, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM spillai@poultry.tamu.edu NR 53 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 38 IS 18 BP 3899 EP 3908 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2004.06.020 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 862PS UT WOS:000224503800008 PM 15380980 ER PT J AU Wiles, L Brodahl, M AF Wiles, L Brodahl, M TI Exploratory data analysis to identify factors influencing spatial distributions of weed seed banks SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE classification and regression tree analysis; seed bank dynamics; spatial dynamics; anisotropy; spatial dependence; geostatistics; spatial correlation; correlograms; seed dispersal; seed longevity; irrigation ID IRRIGATION WATER; PATTERN-ANALYSIS; SOIL; MODEL; POPULATIONS; CULTIVATION; DEPENDENCE; STABILITY; PRECISION; MOVEMENT AB Comparing distributions among fields, species, and management practices will help us understand the spatial dynamics of weed seed banks, but analyzing observational data requires nontraditional statistical methods. We used cluster analysis and classification and regression tree analysis (CART) to investigate factors that influence spatial distributions of seed banks. CART is a method for developing predictive models, but it is also used to explain variation in a response variable from a set of possible explanatory variables. With cluster analysis, we identified patterns of variation with direction of the distance over which seed bank density was correlated (range of spatial dependence) with single-species seed banks in corn. Then we predicted patterns of the seed banks with CART using field and species characteristics and seed bank density as explanatory variables. Patterns differed by magnitude of variation in the range of spatial dependence (strength of anisotropy) and direction of the maximum range. Density and type of irrigation explained the most variation in pattern. Long ranges were associated with large seed banks and stronger anisotropy with furrow than center pivot irrigation. Pattern was also explained by seed size and longevity, characteristics for natural dispersal, species, soil texture, and whether the weed was a grass or broadleaf, Significance of these factors depended on density or type of irrigation, and some patterns were predicted for more than one combination of factors. Dispersal was identified as a primary process of spatial dynamics and pattern varied for seed spread by tillage, wind, or natural dispersal. However, demographic characteristics and density were more important in this research than in previous research. Impact of these factors may have been clearer because interactions were modeled. Lack of data will be the greatest obstacle to using comparative studies and CART to understand the spatial dynamics of weed seed banks. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wiles, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lori.wiles@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 6 BP 936 EP 947 DI 10.1614/WS-03-068R PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 871RF UT WOS:000225150300005 ER PT J AU Ekeleme, F Forcella, F Archer, DW Chikoye, D Akobundu, IO AF Ekeleme, F Forcella, F Archer, DW Chikoye, D Akobundu, IO TI Simulation of shoot emergence pattern of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) in the humid tropics SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal time; model; shoot emergence; soil moisture; soil temperature; tropical weed ID SEEDLING EMERGENCE; PIGWEED AMARANTHUS; COVER CROPS; CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; WEED EMERGENCE; WEST-AFRICA; L RAEUSCHEL; CORN YIELD; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB Cogongrass is a noxious perennial grass that has invaded many countries in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Its management has been a significant challenge because of large rhizome and bud reserves in the soil. The emergence pattern of this weed under field conditions has received little attention. Field trials were conducted in 2002 and 2003 in the humid forest zone of southeastern Nigeria to model shoot emergence. The experiment had four treatments: (1) count and tag crop-free cogongrass shoots, (2) count and suppress crop-free cogongrass shoots with paraquat, (3) count and cut crop-free cogongrass shoots, and (4) count and cut cogongrass shoots in cultivated corn. The rationale for these treatments was to determine the effect of different monitoring techniques on shoot emergence of cogongrass. The development of the model was based on hydrothermal time, which was calculated from soil moisture and soil temperature at a 2-cm depth. A Weibull function was fitted to cumulative percent shoot emergence values of Treatment 4 and hydrothermal time. The model closely fit the observed pattern of cogongrass shoot emergence (r(2) = 0.95, n = 36). It also predicted shoot emergence satisfactorily in six treatments ( r(2) > 0.85, P < 0.001, n = 7 in each treatment) that simulated farmers' practices in southwestern Nigeria. This is the first model developed for cogongrass shoot emergence based on hydrothermal time under field observations. The model should facilitate further analyses of cogongrass emergence patterns and the timing of its management. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Michael Okpara Univ Agr, Dept Crop Protect, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. RP Ekeleme, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM forcella@morris.ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 6 BP 961 EP 967 DI 10.1614/WS-03-146R1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 871RF UT WOS:000225150300008 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Reddy, KN Poston, DH AF Koger, CH Reddy, KN Poston, DH TI Factors affecting seed germination, seedling emergence, and survival of texasweed (Caperonia palustris) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flooding; osmotic potential; photoperiod; seed dormancy; temperature ID ECOPHYSIOLOGY; DORMANCY; LIGHT AB Field, laboratory, and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the seed production potential and effect of environmental factors on germination, emergence, and survival of texasweed. Texasweed produced an average of 893 seed per plant, and 90% were viable. Seed exhibited dormancy, and prechilling did not release dormancy. Percent germination ranged from 56% for seed subjected to no prechilling to 1% for seed prechilled at 5 C for 140 d. Seed remained viable during extended prechilling conditions, with 80% of seed viable after 140 d of prechilling. Texasweed seed germinated over a range of 20 to 40 C, with optimum germination (54%) occurring with a fluctuating 40/30 C temperature regime. Seed germinated with fluctuating 12-h light/dark and constant dark conditions. Texasweed seed germinated over a broad range of pH, osmotic potential, and salt concentrations. Seed germination was 31 to 62% over a pH range from 4 to 10. Germination of texasweed ranged from 9 to 56% as osmotic potential decreased from - 0.8 MPa to 0 (distilled water). Germination was greater than 52% at less than 40 mM NaCl concentrations and lowest (27%) at 160 mM NaCl. Texasweed seedlings emerged from soil depths as deep as 7.5 cm (7% emergence), but emergence was > 67% for seed placed on the soil surface or at a 1-cm depth. Texasweed seed did not germinate under saturated or flooded conditions, but seed survived flooding and germinated (23 to 25%) after flood removal. Texasweed seedlings 2.5 to 15 cm tall were not affected by emersion in 10-cm-deep flood for up to 14 d. These results suggest that texasweed seed is capable of germinating and surviving in a variety of climatic and edaphic conditions, and that flooding is not a viable management option for emerged plants of texasweed. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Expt Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ckoger@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 17 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 6 BP 989 EP 995 DI 10.1614/WS-03-139R2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 871RF UT WOS:000225150300012 ER PT J AU Yenish, JR Young, FL AF Yenish, JR Young, FL TI Winter wheat competition against jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) as influenced by wheat plant height, seeding rate, and seed size SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dockage; isoline; rht1; rht4 ID BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; DOWNY BROME; CULTIVARS; OAT; ABILITY; DENSITY; LINES; YIELD AB jointed goatgrass is a troublesome weed in winter wheat with selective control only possible with a herbicide-resistant crop. Even with herbicide-resistant wheat, cultural control is still an important part of jointed goatgrass management. A study was conducted in 1998 and 2000 to determine whether using larger sized seed of a tall wheat variety at an increased seeding rate would reduce the effect of jointed goatgrass on winter wheat. Wheat seed size, seeding rate, and variety height had no effect on jointed goatgrass plant density. Tall (similar to130 cm) wheat reduced mature jointed goatgrass biomass 46 and 16% compared with short (similar to100 cm) wheat in years 1 and 2 of the experiment, respectively. Spikelet biomass was also reduced approximately 70 and 30% in the same respective years. One thousand-spikelet weight of jointed goatgrass was reduced 37 and 7% in years 1 and 2, respectively, when grown in competition with taller compared with shorter wheat. Moreover, dockage was 80 and 30% less in years 1 and 2, respectively, when grown in competition with taller than shorter wheat. Mature jointed goatgrass height was similar regardless of the competitive wheat height. However, jointed goatgrass was as much as 18% taller than the short wheat and 15% shorter than the tall wheat. Seeding rate had the most consistent effect on wheat yield. Wheat seed yield was about 10% greater with 60 than 40 seed m(-1) of row when competing with jointed goatgrass. Results of this study indicate that growers could use a tall winter wheat variety to improve crop competition against jointed goatgrass. Results also indicate that plant breeders should consider plant height because herbicide-resistant varieties are developed for the integrated management of jointed goatgrass. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Yenish, JR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, POB 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM yenish@wsu.edu NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 15 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 6 BP 996 EP 1001 DI 10.1614/WS-04-006R PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 871RF UT WOS:000225150300013 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Walsh, DB Boydston, RA AF Williams, MM Walsh, DB Boydston, RA TI Integrating arthropod herbivory and reduced herbicide use for weed management SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological weed control; biologically effective dose; dose-response; integrated weed management; logistic model; reduced herbicide dose ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM CONTROL; SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; DEFOLIATION; GROWTH; YIELD AB Few studies have examined the combined effect of herbicide-induced stress and arthropod herbivory to reduce weed fitness. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of arthropod herbivory on the herbicide dose-response of a perennial weed. Fluroxypyr dose-response bioassays using volunteer potato were conducted in the presence and absence of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) herbivory. Logistic model parameter estimates for leaf area, shoot biomass, tuber number, and tuber biomass were often lower with herbivory, compared with no herbivory. Greater variance of parameter estimates within herbivory plots was attributed largely to differential feeding because CPB density was not manipulated in the field. Results from short-season field studies (1,000 growing degree days [GDD] after postemergence [POST] herbicide application) indicated that herbivory had the most effect on potato during a period that coincided with high CPB density and optimal temperatures for CPB development. Season-long bioassays (>3,100 GDD after POST) revealed that addition of herbivory reduced herbicide use 65 to >85%, compared with the dose needed to achieve the same reduction in tuber production in the absence of herbivory. Integrated weed management systems targeting volunteer potato are more effective when fluroxypyr applications are made before periods of high herbivory. Moreover, this article describes an experimental approach contributing to optimization of combined effects of arthropod herbivory and reduced herbicide doses. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, N-325 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1018 EP 1025 DI 10.1614/WS-04-034R PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 871RF UT WOS:000225150300016 ER PT J AU Costa, C Bell, NK Stabel, TJ Fodor, WL AF Costa, C Bell, NK Stabel, TJ Fodor, WL TI Use of porcine tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-Ig fusion protein to prolong xenograft survival SO XENOTRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE endothelium; tumor necrosis factor; tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; TNFR-IgG; xenotransplantation ID ALPHA TNF-ALPHA; HUMAN T-CELLS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ALLOGRAFT-REJECTION; ADHESION MOLECULES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; DEFICIENT MICE; GENE-TRANSFER; E-SELECTIN; EXPRESSION AB Background: Delayed rejection of xenografts is a major hurdle that needs to be addressed to achieve long-term engraftment in the pig-to-primate transplant setting. Both vascular and avascular xenografts are susceptible to a delayed rejection process that comprises humoral and cellular responses. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is believed to play a role in this process by promoting cell activation, apoptosis and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. To address this problem, we engineered the donor cell in such a way that it could block both human and porcine TNF. Methods: We produced a recombinant fusion protein containing the extracellular domain of the porcine TNF-Receptor 1 and an IgG Fc moiety (pTNFR1Ig). We first evaluated by flow cytometry the pTNFR1Ig capacity to prevent TNFalpha-induced expression of SLAI, SLAII, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin on the cell surface of porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC). The effect on TNFalpha-mediated cell death was also assessed by propidium iodide staining after incubating PAEC with TNFalpha plus cycloheximide for 24 h. PAEC and porcine fibroblasts were subsequently engineered by retroviral infection to express and secrete pTNFR1Ig and their resistance to the TNFalpha effects was tested in vitro. Finally, we transplanted mock-control and pTNFR1Ig-expressing PAEC under the kidney capsule of BALB/c mice in the absence of immunosuppression and examined the degree of rejection at 2 and 3 weeks post-transplantation. Results: Treatment with pTNFR1Ig resulted in a very potent blockade of human, porcine and murine TNFalpha activity on porcine cells. It inhibited the upregulation of all cell surface markers of activation tested as well as the TNFalpha-mediated cell death. Moreover, pTNFR1Ig-expressing PAEC showed prolonged engraftment in a pig-to-mouse xenotransplant model. Conclusions: Incorporation of strategies that block TNF may prove useful in the development of xenografts resistant to delayed rejection. C1 Alexion Pharmaceut Inc, Dept Mol & Preclin Sci, Cheshire, CT USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, CT Ctr Regenerat Biol, Storrs, CT USA. RP Costa, C (reprint author), Hosp Duran & Reynals, IRO, IDIBELL, Inst Recerca Oncol, Gran Via Km 2-7, Barcelona 08907, Spain. EM ccosta@iro.es NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0908-665X J9 XENOTRANSPLANTATION JI Xenotransplantation PD NOV PY 2004 VL 11 IS 6 BP 491 EP 502 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2004.00169.x PG 12 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 861QK UT WOS:000224432900002 PM 15479458 ER PT J AU Johnson, EL Schmidt, WF AF Johnson, EL Schmidt, WF TI Flavonoids as chemotaxonomic markers for Erythroxylum australe SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Erythroxylum australe; flavanone; isoflavone ID COCA; TAXA; ULEI AB Methanolic leaf extracts of Erythroxylum australe E Muell. produced eight O-conjugated flavonoids. Six of the flavonoid aglycones were dihydroisoflavones (all dihydro-orobol derivatives), one a flavanone, eriodictyol, and one a flavonol, quercetin. The major glycosides of the flavonoids included mono-glucosyl-rhamnosyls and dirhamnosyl-glucosides with either 3,5,7 or 3',4' linkage or a combination thereof. The array of flavonoids present in E. australe suggests kinship to E. ulei and linkage to the four cultivated alkaloid-bearing Erythroxylum, especially the ancestral E. coca var. coca. Because of the uniqueness of the flavonoids present in leaf tissue of E. australe they are unambiguously useful as chemotaxonomic markers for the taxon. C1 USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Johnson, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 329,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM johnsonE@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 59 IS 11-12 BP 769 EP 776 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 898VU UT WOS:000227105100001 PM 15666532 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF Harbach, RE Kitching, IJ AF Reinert, JF Harbach, RE Kitching, IJ TI Phylogeny and classification of Aedini (Diptera : Culicidae), based on morphological characters of all life stages SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE cladistics; mosquitoes; systematics; taxonomy ID FINE-STRUCTURE; GENERIC RANK; TRIBE AEDINI; GENUS AEDES; EGGS; SUBGENUS; REDESCRIPTION; OCHLEROTATUS; CONSENSUS AB Higher-level relationships within Aedini, the largest tribe of Culicidae, are explored using morphological characters of eggs, fourth-instar larvae, pupae, and adult females and males. In total, 172 characters were examined for 119 exemplar species representing the existing 12 genera and 56 subgenera recognized within the tribe. The data for immature and adult stages were analysed separately and in combination using equal (EW) and implied weighting (IW). Since the classification of Aedini is based mainly on adult morphology, we first tested whether adult data alone would support the existing classification. Overall, the results of these analyses did not reflect the generic classification of the tribe. The tribe as a whole was portrayed as a polyphyletic assemblage of Aedes and Ochlerotatus within which eight (EW) or seven (IW) other genera were embedded. Strict consensus trees (SCTs) derived from analyses of the immature stages data were almost completely unresolved. Combining the adult and immature stages data resulted in fewer most parsimonious cladograms (MPCs) and a more resolved SCT than was found when either of the two data subsets was analysed separately. However, the recovered relationships were still unsatisfactory. Except for the additional recovery of Armigeres as a monophyletic genus, the groups recovered in the EW analysis of the combined data were those found in the EW analysis of adult data. The IW analysis of the total data yielded eight MPCs consisting of three sets of two mutually exclusive topologies that occurred in all possible combinations. We carefully studied the different hypotheses of character transformation responsible for each of the alternative patterns of relationship but were unable to select one of the eight MPCs as a preferred cladogram. Overall, the relationships within the SCT of the eight MPCs were a significant improvement over those found by equal weighting. Aedini and all existing genera except Ochlerotatus and Aedes were recovered as monophyletic. Ochlerotatus formed a polyphyletic assemblage basal to Aedes. This group included Haemagogus and Psorophora, and also Opifex in a sister-group relationship with Oc. (Not.) chathamicus. Aedes was polyphyletic relative to seven other genera, Armigeres, Ayurakitia, Eretmapodites, Heizmannia, Udaya, Verrallina and Zeugnomyia. With the exception of Ae. (Aedimorphus), Oc. (Finlaya), Oc. (Ochlerotatus) and Oc. (Protomacleaya), all subgenera with two or more species included in the analysis were recovered as monophyletic. Rather than leave the generic classification of Aedini in its current chaotic state, we decided a reasonable and conservative compromise classification would be to recognize as genera those groups that are weighting independent', i.e. those that are common to the results of both the EW and IW analyses of the total data. The SCT of these combined analyses resulted in a topology of 29 clades, each comprising between two and nine taxa, and 30 taxa (including Mansonia) in an unresolved basal polytomy. In addition to ten genera (Armigeres, Ayurakitia, Eretmapodites, Haemagogus, Heizmannia, Opifex, Psorophora, Udaya, Verrallina and Zeugnomyia), generic status is proposed for the following: (i) 32 existing subgenera of Aedes and Ochlerotatus, including nine monobasic subgenera within the basal polytomy, i.e. Ae. (Belkinius), Ae. (Fredwardsius), Ae. (Indusius), Ae. (Isoaedes), Ae. (Leptosomatomyia), Oc. (Abraedes), Oc. (Aztecaedes), Oc. (Gymnometopa) and Oc. (Kompia); (ii) three small subgenera within the basal polytomy that are undoubtedly monophyletic, i.e. Ae. (Huaedes), Ae. (Skusea) and Oc. (L evua) and (iii) another 20 subgenera that fall within the resolved part of SCT, i.e. Ae. (Aedes), Ae. (Alanstonea), Ae. (Albuginosus), Ae. (Bothaella), Ae. (Christophersiomyia), Ae. (Diceromyia), Ae. (Edwardsaedes), Ae. (Lorrainea), Ae. (Neomelaniconion), Ae. (Paraedes), Ae. (Pseudarmigeres), Ae. (Scutomyia), Ae. (Stegomyia), Oc. (Geoskusea), Oc. (Halaedes), Oc. (Howardina), Oc. (Kenknightia), Oc. (Mucidus), Oc. (Rhinoskusea) and Oc. (Zavortinkius). A clade consisting of Oc. (Fin.) kochi, Oc. (Fin.) poicilius and relatives is raised to generic rank as Finlaya, and Downsiomyia Vargas is reinstated from synonymy with Finlaya as the generic name for the clade comprising Oc. (Fin.) leonis, Oc. (Fin.) niveus and their relatives. Three other species of Finlaya - Oc. (Fin.) chrysolineatus, Oc. (Fin.) geniculatus and Oc. (Fin.) macfarlanei - fall within the basal polytomy and are treated as Oc. (Finlaya) incertae sedis. Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) is divided into three lineages, two of which, Oc. (Och.) atropa1pus and Oc. (Och.) muelleri, are part of the basal polytomy. The remaining seven taxa of Oc. (Ochlerotatus) analysed, including the type species, form a reasonably well-supported group that is regarded as Ochlerotatus s.s. Ochlerotatus (Rusticoidus) is retained as a subgenus within Ochlerotatus s.s. Ochlerotatus (Nothoskusea) is recognized as a subgenus of Opifex based on two unique features that support their sister-group relationship. A new genus, Tanakaaus gen. nov., is proposed for Oc. (Fin.) togoi and the related species Oc. (Fin.) savoryi. The taxonomic status and generic placement of all currently valid species of Aedini are listed in an appendix. 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 142, 289-368. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW,23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jreinert@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 155 TC 164 Z9 194 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4082 EI 1096-3642 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 142 IS 3 BP 289 EP 368 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00144.x PG 80 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 874DZ UT WOS:000225332400001 ER PT J AU Pickett, STA Cadenasso, ML Grove, JM AF Pickett, STA Cadenasso, ML Grove, JM TI Resilient cities: meaning, models, and metaphor for integrating the ecological, socio-economic, and planning realms SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE ecosystem; ecological resilience; integration; paradigm; urban design; urban ecology; urban planning ID ECOSYSTEM; SYSTEMS; BOUNDARIES AB Urban designers, ecologists, and social scientists have called for closer links among their disciplines. We examine a promising new tool for promoting this linkage-the metaphor of "cities of resilience." To put this tool to best use, we indicate how metaphor fits with other conceptual tools in science. We then present the two opposing definitions of resilience from ecology, and give reasons why one is more appropriate for linking with design. Additional specific tools and insights that are emerging from, or being increasingly used in, ecology can further support the linkage with urban design. These include recognizing the role of spatial heterogeneity in both ecological and social functioning of urban areas, the integrating power of watersheds, social and ecological patch dynamics of cities, the utility of spatial mosaic models to capture function, the use of an integrated "human ecosystem" modeling framework, and the consequent perspective of metropolitan areas as integrated ecological-social systems. Three additional tools are related to the adaptability of people and human institutions. First is the recognition of a "learning loop" in metropolitan ecosystems in which people respond to and affect ecological change, the use of urban design as experiments whose ecological and social outcomes can be measured, and finally the potency of a dialog between professionals and citizens, communities, and institutions, to support both research and design. The metaphor of resilience, and its technical specifications, draw these diverse strands for linking ecology and planning together. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Pickett, STA (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM picketts@ecostudies.org RI STEWART, J/G-4491-2011 NR 75 TC 161 Z9 170 U1 17 U2 163 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 4 BP 369 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.landurpbplan.2003.10.035 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 855SE UT WOS:000223993200003 ER PT J AU Laliberte, AS Rango, A Havstad, KM Paris, JF Beck, RF McNeely, R Gonzalez, AL AF Laliberte, AS Rango, A Havstad, KM Paris, JF Beck, RF McNeely, R Gonzalez, AL TI Object-oriented image analysis for mapping shrub encroachment from 1937 to 2003 in southern New Mexico SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE object-based classification; segmentation; shrub encroachment; desert grassland; aerial photography; satellite image ID JORNADA EXPERIMENTAL RANGE; LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS; SEGMENTATION; GRASSLAND; TEXTURE; SAVANNA; SCALE; DESERTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; INFORMATION AB Shrub encroachment into and and semi-arid grasslands in the southwestern United States is of concern because increased shrub cover leads to declines in species diversity, water availability, grazing capacity, and soil organic matter. Although it is well known that shrubs have increased over time, we have little quantitative information related to the non-linear nature of this vegetation change over a particular period. On the Jornada Experimental Range (JER; USDA-ARS) and the adjacent Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC; New Mexico State University) in southern New Mexico, shrub increase has been measured with various ground survey techniques extending back to 1858. For this study, we used 11 aerial photos taken between 1937 and 1996 that covered a 150-ha study area and had sufficient resolution for shrub detection. A QuickBird satellite image provided coverage for 2003. We used image segmentation and object-based classification to monitor vegetation changes over time. Shrub cover increased from 0.9% in 1937 to 13.1% in 2003, while grass cover declined from 18.5% to 1.9%. Vegetation dynamics reflected changes in precipitation patterns, in particular, effects of the 1951-1956 drought. Accuracy assessment showed that shrub and grass cover was underestimated due to the constraint of the pixel size. About 87% of all shrubs >2 m(2) were detected. The use of object-based classification has advantages over pixel based classification for the extraction of shrubs from panchromatic aerial and high-resolution satellite imagery. Incorporating both spectral and spatial image information approximates the way humans interpret information visually from aerial photos, but has the benefit of an automated classification routine. Combining several scales of analysis in a hierarchical segmentation method is appropriate in an ecological sense and allows for determining shrub density in coarser level classes. Despite encountering difficulties in analyzing a greatly varying aerial photo data set, including variability in spectral and spatial resolutions, moisture conditions, time of year of observation, and appearance of grass cover, aerial photos provide an invaluable historic record for monitoring shrub encroachment into a desert grassland. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. DigitalGlobe Inc, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Laliberte, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, 2995 Knox St, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alaliber@nmsu.edu RI Ma, Lei/I-4597-2014 NR 43 TC 240 Z9 265 U1 7 U2 91 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 198 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.07.011 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 859UW UT WOS:000224294400016 ER PT J AU Niyogi, D Chang, HI Saxena, VK Holt, T Alapaty, K Booker, F Chen, F Davis, KJ Holben, B Matsui, T Meyers, T Oechel, WC Pielke, RA Wells, R Wilson, K Xue, YK AF Niyogi, D Chang, HI Saxena, VK Holt, T Alapaty, K Booker, F Chen, F Davis, KJ Holben, B Matsui, T Meyers, T Oechel, WC Pielke, RA Wells, R Wilson, K Xue, YK TI Direct observations of the effects of aerosol loading on net ecosystem CO2 exchanges over different landscapes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRODUCTIVITY; PINATUBO; FOREST; LIGHT AB We present the first direct, multisite observations in support of the hypothesis that atmospheric aerosols affect the regional terrestrial carbon cycle. The daytime growing season (summer) CO2 flux observations from six sites (forest, grasslands, and croplands) with collocated aerosol and surface radiation measurements were analyzed for high and low diffuse radiation; effect of cloud cover; and effect of high and low aerosol optical depths (AOD). Results indicate that, aerosols exert a significant impact on net CO2 exchange, and their effect may be even more significant than that due to clouds. The response appears to be a general feature irrespective of the landscape and photosynthetic pathway. The CO2 sink increased with aerosol loading for forest and crop lands, and decreased for grassland. The cause for the difference in response between vegetation types is hypothesized to be canopy architecture. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept MEAS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Univ N Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Niyogi, D (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept MEAS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dev_niyogi@ncsu.edu RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; NR 13 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 20 AR L20506 DI 10.1029/2004GL020915 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 867ZK UT WOS:000224881400002 ER PT J AU Corton, JC Apte, U Anderson, SP Limaye, P Yoon, L Latendresse, J Dunn, C Everitt, JI Voss, KA Swanson, C Kimbrough, C Wong, JS Gill, SS Chandraratna, RAS Kwak, MK Kensler, TW Stulnig, TM Steffensen, KR Gustafsson, JA Mehendale, HM AF Corton, JC Apte, U Anderson, SP Limaye, P Yoon, L Latendresse, J Dunn, C Everitt, JI Voss, KA Swanson, C Kimbrough, C Wong, JS Gill, SS Chandraratna, RAS Kwak, MK Kensler, TW Stulnig, TM Steffensen, KR Gustafsson, JA Mehendale, HM TI Mimetics of caloric restriction include agonists of lipid-activated nuclear receptors SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-NULL MICE; PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; ACETAMINOPHEN HEPATOTOXICITY; TISSUE-REPAIR; DIABETIC MICE; MOUSE-LIVER; PPAR-ALPHA; FATTY-ACID; DISEASE AB The obesity epidemic in industrialized countries is associated with increases in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and certain types of cancer. In animal models, caloric restriction (CR) suppresses these diseases as well as chemical-induced tissue damage. These beneficial effects of CR overlap with those altered by agonists of nuclear receptors (NR) under control of the fasting-responsive transcriptional co-activator, peroxisome proliferator-activated co-activator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha). In a screen for compounds that mimic CR effects in the liver, we found statistically significant overlaps between the CR transcript profile in wild-type mice and the profiles altered by agonists of lipid-activated NR, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), liver X receptor, and their obligate heterodimer partner, retinoid X receptor. The overlapping genes included those involved in CVD (lipid metabolism and inflammation) and cancer (cell fate). Based on this overlap, we hypothesized that some effects of CR are mediated by PPARalpha. As determined by transcript profiling, 19% of all gene expression changes in wild-type mice were dependent on PPARalpha, including Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14, involved in fatty acid omega-oxidation, acute phase response genes, and epidermal growth factor receptor but not increases in PGC-1alpha. CR protected the livers of wild-type mice from damage induced by thioacetamide, a liver toxicant and hepatocarcinogen. CR protection was lost in PPARalpha-null mice due to inadequate tissue repair. These results demonstrate that PPARalpha mediates some of the effects of CR and indicate that a pharmacological approach to mimicking many of the beneficial effects of CR may be possible. C1 ToxicoGenomics, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. NE Louisiana Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Toxicol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Res & Dev, Dept Safety Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Pathol Associates Int, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Environm Toxicol Grad Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Allergan Pharmaceut Inc, Dept Biol & Chem, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. Allergan Pharmaceut Inc, Dept Reginoid Res, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Karolinska Inst, Novum, Dept Biosci, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Novum, Dept Med Nutr, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. RP Corton, JC (reprint author), ToxicoGenomics, 209 Silver Creek Tr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM ccorton@msn.com; mehendale@ulm.edu RI Kensler, Thomas/D-8686-2014; OI Kensler, Thomas/0000-0002-6676-261X; Steffensen, Knut/0000-0001-6093-2801; Stulnig, Thomas/0000-0003-3300-6161; Everitt, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0273-6284 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-09870] NR 65 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 44 BP 46204 EP 46212 DI 10.1074/jbc.M406739200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 865IC UT WOS:000224694900107 PM 15302862 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, M TI Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Review DE reviews; potatoes; tomatoes; jimson weed; food analysis; alkaloids; alpha-chaconine; alpha-solanine ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; GLYCOALKALOIDS ALPHA-CHACONINE; CHLOROGENIC ACID CONTENT; MORNING-GLORY IPOMOEA; PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; SICKLEPOD CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; TERATOGENESIS ASSAY-XENOPUS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; EMBRYO CELL-MEMBRANES; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY AB Potatoes and tomatoes, members of the Solanaceae plant family, serve as major, inexpensive low-fat food sources providing for energy, high-quality protein, fiber, vitamins, pigments, as well as other nutrients. These crops also produce biologically active secondary metabolites, which may have both adverse and beneficial effects in the diet. This limited overview, based largely on our studies with the aid of HPLC, TLC, ELISA, GC-MS, and UV spectroscopy, covers analytical aspects of two major potato trisaccharide glycoalkaloids, alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, and their hydrolysis products (metabolites) with two, one, and zero carbohydrate groups; the potato water-soluble nortropane alkaloids calystegine A(3) and B(2); the principal potato polyphenolic compound chlorogenic acid; potato inhibitors of digestive enzymes; the tomato tetrasaccharide glycoalkaloids dehydrotomatine and alpha-tomatine and hydrolysis products; the tomato pigments beta-carotene, lycopene, and chlorophyll; and the anticholinergic alkaloids atropine and scopolamine present in Datura stramonium (jimson weed) seeds that contaminate grain and animal feed. Related studies by other investigators are also mentioned. Accurate analytical methods for these food ingredients help assure the consumer of eating a good-quality and safe diet. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 129 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 9 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 1054 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.049 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 867LK UT WOS:000224843900015 PM 15553139 ER PT J AU Mastovska, K Hajslova, J Lehotay, SJ AF Mastovska, K Hajslova, J Lehotay, SJ TI Ruggedness and other performance characteristics of low-pressure gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the fast analysis of multiple pesticide residues in food crops SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE pesticide residue analysis; ruggedness; matrix effects; injection volume; food analysis ID PULSED SPLITLESS INJECTION; VACUUM OUTLET CONDITIONS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; CAPILLARY COLUMNS; INCREASED SPEED; ANALYSIS TIME; OPERATION; MATRICES; SYSTEMS; MS AB Low-pressure gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LP-GC-MS) using a quadrupole MS instrument was further optimized and evaluated for the fast analysis of multiple pesticide residues in food crops. Performance of two different LP-GC-MS column configurations was compared in various experiments, including ruggedness tests with repeated injections of pesticides in matrix extracts. The tested column configurations employed the same 3 m x 0.15 mm i.d. restriction capillary at the inlet end, but different analytical columns attached to the vacuum: (A) a 10 in x 0.53 min i.d., 1 mum film thickness RTX-5 Sil MS column; and (B) a 10 m x 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 mum film thickness DB-5MS column. Under the optimized conditions (compromise between speed and sensitivity), the narrower analytical column with a thinner film provided slightly (<1.1-fold) faster analysis of <5.5 min separation times and somewhat greater separation efficiency. However, lower detection limits for most of the tested pesticides in real extracts were achieved using the mega-bore configuration, which also provided significantly greater ruggedness of the analysis (long-term repeatability of analyte peak intensities, shapes, and retention times). Additionally, the effect of the increasing injection volume (1-5 mul) on analyte signal-to-noise ratios was evaluated. For the majority of the tested analyte-matrix combinations, the increase in sensitivity caused by a larger injection did not translate in the same gain in analyte delectability. Considering the costs and benefits, the injection volume of 2-3 mul was optimal for delectability of the majority of 57 selected pesticides in apple, carrot, lettuce, and wheat extracts. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Inst Chem Technol, CR-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM slehotay@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 NR 32 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 1054 IS 1-2 BP 335 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.061 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 867LK UT WOS:000224843900037 PM 15553161 ER PT J AU Saha, BC AF Saha, BC TI Production, purification and properties of endoglucanase from a newly isolated strain of Mucor circinelloides SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cellulase; endoglucanase; Mucor circinelloides; cellulose; carboxymethyl cellulose; carboxymethyl cellulase ID CORN FIBER; CELLULOSE; PROTEINS; XYLANASE AB A newly isolated strain of the fungus, Mucor circinelloides (NRRL 26519), when grown on lactose, cellobiose, or Sigmacell 50 produces complete cellulase (endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and beta-glucosidase) system. The extracellular endoglucanase (EG) was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant by ethanol precipitation (75%, v/v), CM Bio-Gel A column chromatography, and Bio-Gel A-0.5 m gel filtration. The purified EG (specific activity 43.33 U/mg protein) was a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 27000. The optimum temperature and pH for the action of the enzyme were at 55 degreesC and 4.0-6.0, respectively. The purified enzyme was fully stable at pH 4.0-7.0 and temperature up to 60 degreesC. It hydrolysed carboxymethyl cellulose and insoluble cellulose substrates (Avicel, Solka-floc, and Sigmacell 50) to soluble cellodextrins. No glucose, cellobiose, and short chain cellooligosaccarides were formed from these substrates. The purified EG could not degrade oat spelt xylan and larch wood xylan. It bound to Avicell, Solka-floc, and Sigmacell 50 at pH 5.0 and the bound enzyme was released by changing the pH to 8.0. The enzyme activity was enhanced by 27 +/- 5 and 44 +/- 14% by the addition of 5 mM MgCl2 and 0.5 mM CoCl2, respectively, to the reaction mixture. Comparative properties of this enzyme with other fungal EGs are presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 59 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 EI 1873-3298 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1871 EP 1876 DI 10.1016/j.procbio.2003.09.013 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 854TF UT WOS:000223925500006 ER PT J AU Gasser, RB Zarlenga, DS Thompson, RCA La Rosa, G Pozio, E Rosenthal, B Bandi, C Mortarino, M Casiraghi, M Genchi, C Hu, A Chilton, NB Matthews, JB Hodgkinson, JE AF Gasser, RB Zarlenga, DS Thompson, RCA La Rosa, G Pozio, E Rosenthal, B Bandi, C Mortarino, M Casiraghi, M Genchi, C Hu, A Chilton, NB Matthews, JB Hodgkinson, JE TI Molecular systematics and diagnosis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Conference of the World-Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Veterinary-Parasitology CY AUG 10-14, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP World Assoc Advancement Vet Parasitol DE diagnosis; molecular taxonomy; phylogeny; population genetics; Trichinella; Cyathostomins; Filarioids; hookworms; lungworms; tissue-forming coccidia; Wohlbachia; Zoonoses; ribosomal DNA; mitochondrial genome ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; NECATOR-AMERICANUS NEMATODA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA DIVERSITY; WOLBACHIA SURFACE PROTEIN; N. SP PROTOZOA; POPULATION-GENETICS; FILARIAL NEMATODES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; DIROFILARIA-IMMITIS AB This collection of articles provides an account of six presentations delivered at the 19th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) (held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, from 10 to 14 August 2003) in a symposium session on Molecular Systematics and Diagnosis, organised and chaired by R.B. Gasser and D.S. Zarlenga. The focus was on recent advances in molecular tools for specific and genotypic identification, diagnosis, systematics and population genetics, with special emphasis on investigations of parasitic nematodes and protists. C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. USDA ARS, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Murdoch Univ, WHO Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infec, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Murdoch Univ, Western Australian Biomed Res Inst, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Ist Super Sanita, Parasitol Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Milan, DIPAV, Sez Patol Gen & Parassitol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Univ Liverpool, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Liverpool, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Parasitol, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gasser, RB (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. EM robinbg@unimelb.edu.au; zarlenga@anri.barc.usda.gov; andrew_t@central.murdoch.edu.au; brosenth@anri.barc.usda.gov; claudio.bandi@unimi.it; j.b.matthews@liv.ac.uk RI Casiraghi, Maurizio/E-7273-2011; mortarino, michele/G-7998-2011 OI Casiraghi, Maurizio/0000-0002-2733-2094; mortarino, michele/0000-0003-0216-0326 NR 135 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 125 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 69 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.05.006 PG 24 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 866QW UT WOS:000224789000006 PM 24937880 ER PT J AU Colwell, DD Dorchies, P Scholl, PJ Losson, B Boulard, C Chaudhury, MF Graf, JF Jacquiet, P Barillet, E Carta, A Scala, A Bowles, VM Sandeman, RM Cepeda-Palacios, R Wall, R Cruickshank, I French, NP Smith, KE Panadero-Fontan, R Otranto, D AF Colwell, DD Dorchies, P Scholl, PJ Losson, B Boulard, C Chaudhury, MF Graf, JF Jacquiet, P Barillet, E Carta, A Scala, A Bowles, VM Sandeman, RM Cepeda-Palacios, R Wall, R Cruickshank, I French, NP Smith, KE Panadero-Fontan, R Otranto, D TI Management of myiasis: current status and future prospects SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Conference of the World-Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Veterinary-Parasitology CY AUG 10-14, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP World Assoc Advancement Vet Parasitol DE myiasis; growth regulators; vaccine development; genetic resistance; economic analysis; chemical control; macrocyclic lactones; attractant traps; eradication; Hypoderma; Lucilia; Oestrus; Cochliomyia ID CIRCULATING HYPODERMIN-C; CATTLE GRUB HYPODERMA; LUCILIA-CUPRINA; BLOWFLY STRIKE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; OESTRIDAE INFESTATIONS; BOVINE HYPODERMOSIS; SHEEP; DIPTERA; LINEATUM AB The management of myiasis in livestock has been an example of the success of modem chemical approaches for parasite control, yet in some cases remains extremely intractable, requiring the development of novel strategies. In addition, the growing and urgent need to develop integrated strategies that enhance the sustainability of livestock production systems drives the search for new techniques [see Int. J. Parasitol. 29 (1999) 7]. The following summary represents a synthesis of a symposium presented at the 19th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, New Orleans, USA, 10-14 August 2003. The coverage began with a review of the need for more subtle economic analysis of the impact of myiasis based on the use of the sterile insect technique (SIT) for control of bovine hypodermosis in North America. This was followed by a review of the status of chemical control with particular emphasis on the macrocyclic lactones. The outcome of the use of these compounds in a regulated control program for eradication of bovine hypodermosis in EU was surveyed. Similarly, the success of the screwworm eradication program, using the sterile insect technique has shown how effective this approach can be given the appropriate target. Several aspects of the development of newer approaches were surveyed in discussion of newer chemical control products, development of vaccines, use of host genetics, use of predictive simulation modelling and trapping for monitoring and control and the development of new diagnostic approaches for occult infestations. Finally, use of the latest molecular tools for identification of larvae causing myiasis and their use for the identification of species coming from different and distant geographical areas to colonize regions where they have been eradicated was reviewed. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. Ecole Natl Vet Toulouse, Interact Hotes Agents Pathogenes, Toulouse, France. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, MLIRU, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Liege, Fac Vet Med, Lab Parasitol & Parasit Dis, Liege, Belgium. INRA, Unite Immunopathol Malad Parasitaires, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. USDA ARS, Screwworm Res Lab, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico. Novartis Anim Hlth Inc, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. INRA, Stn Ameliorat Genet Anim, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. Ist Zootecn & Vaseario Sardegna, Sassari, Italy. Sch Vet, Dept Parasitol, Sassari, Italy. Univ Melbourne, Ctr Anim Biotechnol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. La Trobe Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. UABCS, Dept Zootecn, La Paz 23080, BCS, Mexico. Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Univ Liverpool, Dept Vet Clin Sci & Anim Husb, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Vet, Dept Anim Pathol, Lugo 27002, Spain. Univ Bari, Fac Vet Med, Dept Hlth & Anim Welf, I-70121 Bari, Italy. RP Colwell, DD (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, 5403 1st Ave S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. EM colwelld@agr.gc.ca RI French, Nigel/F-5725-2011; Panadero Fontan, Rosario/E-1475-2012 OI Panadero Fontan, Rosario/0000-0002-3588-7807 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 125 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.05.007 PG 12 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 866QW UT WOS:000224789000007 PM 24937883 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Lindsay, D Olson, ME Appelbee, A Measures, L Cole, RA Dubey, JP Thomas, NJ Miller, M Conrad, P Gardner, I Kreuder, C Mazet, J Jessup, D Dodd, E Harris, M Ames, J Worcester, K Paradies, D Grigg, M Lewis, EJ Trout, JM Xiao, L Howard, DW Palmer, R Ludwig, K Tyler, SS AF Fayer, R Lindsay, D Olson, ME Appelbee, A Measures, L Cole, RA Dubey, JP Thomas, NJ Miller, M Conrad, P Gardner, I Kreuder, C Mazet, J Jessup, D Dodd, E Harris, M Ames, J Worcester, K Paradies, D Grigg, M Lewis, EJ Trout, JM Xiao, L Howard, DW Palmer, R Ludwig, K Tyler, SS TI Zoonotic protozoa in the marine environment: a threat to aquatic mammals and public health SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Conference of the World-Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Veterinary-Parasitology CY AUG 10-14, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP World Assoc Advancement Vet Parasitol DE Toxoplasma; Giardia; Cryptosporidium; shellfish; oysters; mussels; pinnipeds; seals; whales; sea; otters; epidemiology; detection ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GIARDIASIS; WATER AB This collection of abstracts provides an account of four presentations at the 19th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) (held in New Orleans, LA, USA from 10-14 August 2003) in a symposium session on zoonotic protozoan parasites found in the marine environment and chaired by Ronald Fayer and David Lindsay. The focus was on three genera of parasites of veterinary and public health concern-Toxoplasma, Giardia, and Ctyptosporiditan with emphasis on their epidemiology in the marine environment. C1 USDA, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Agr Res Stn, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. NWHC, USGS, Madison, WI USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA USA. CDFG, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Water Qual Board, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. Stanford Med Sch, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Agr Res Stn, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Mazet, Jonna/B-4811-2012; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 125 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1016/vetpar.2004.05.009 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 866QW UT WOS:000224789000009 ER PT J AU Schetters, T Dubey, JP Adrianarivo, A Frankena, K Romero, JJ Perez, E Heuer, C Nicholson, C Russell, D Weston, J AF Schetters, T Dubey, JP Adrianarivo, A Frankena, K Romero, JJ Perez, E Heuer, C Nicholson, C Russell, D Weston, J TI Intervet symposium: bovine neosporosis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Conference of the World-Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Veterinary-Parasitology CY AUG 10-14, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP World Assoc Advancement Vet Parasitol DE Neospora caninum; neosporosis; biology; epidemiology; immunology; cattle; abortion; transmission; vaccination; Bovilis (R) Neoguard ID CANINUM-ASSOCIATED ABORTION; DAIRY-CATTLE; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INFECTION; HERDS; DOGS; COWS; PROTECTION; CALIFORNIA AB This article summarises the most relevant data of presentations delivered at the 19th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) held in New Orleans, LA, USA, from 10 to 14 August 2003) in a symposium session on bovine neosporosis. The symposium was organised by Juan Munoz-Bielsa, Wicher Holland, Enzo Foccoli and Theo Schetters (chairman). The focus was on the present state of knowledge of the biology, epidemiology (presented by J.P. Dubey) and immunology of Neospora infection (presented by A. Adrianarivo), with special emphasis on the prospects of vaccination of cattle against Neospora-induced abortion (presentations of K. Frankena (Costa Rican trial) and C. Heuer (New Zealand trial)). C1 Intervet Int BV, Parasitol R&D Dept, NL-5830 AA Boxmeer, Netherlands. USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schetters, T (reprint author), Intervet Int BV, Parasitol R&D Dept, POB 31, NL-5830 AA Boxmeer, Netherlands. EM theo.schetters@intervet.com RI FRANKENA, KLAAS/K-6920-2012 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 125 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.05.010 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 866QW UT WOS:000224789000010 PM 24937887 ER PT J AU Foil, LD Coleman, P Eisler, M Fragoso-Sanchez, H Garcia-Vazquez, Z Guerrero, FD Jonsson, NN Langstaff, IG Li, AY Machila, N Miller, RJ Morton, J Pruett, JH Torr, S AF Foil, LD Coleman, P Eisler, M Fragoso-Sanchez, H Garcia-Vazquez, Z Guerrero, FD Jonsson, NN Langstaff, IG Li, AY Machila, N Miller, RJ Morton, J Pruett, JH Torr, S TI Factors that influence the prevalence of acaricide resistance and tick-borne diseases SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Conference of the World-Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Veterinary-Parasitology CY AUG 10-14, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP World Assoc Advancement Vet Parasitol DE tick control; Boophilus microplus; acaricide resistance; bovine babesiosis; tick-borne diseases ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; TSETSE-FLIES DIPTERA; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE CDNA; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; MEXICAN STRAINS; POINT MUTATION; IXODIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; DELTAMETHRIN AB This manuscript provides a summary of the results presented at a symposium organized to accumulate information on factors that influence the prevalence of acaricide resistance and tick-borne diseases. This symposium was part of the 19th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP), held in New Orleans, LA, USA, during August 10-14, 2003. Populations of southern cattle ticks, Boophilus microplus, from Mexico have developed resistance to many classes of acaricide including chlorinated hydrocarbons (DDT), pyrethroids, organ ophosphates, and formamidines (amitraz). Target site mutations are the most common resistance mechanism observed, but there are examples of metabolic mechanisms. In many pyrethroid resistant strains, a single target site mutation on the Na+ channel confers very high resistance (resistance ratios: >1000x) to both DDT and all pyrethroid acaricides. Acetylcholine esterase affinity for OPs is changed in resistant tick populations. A second mechanism of OP resistance is linked to cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity. A PCR-based assay to detect a specific sodium channel gene mutation that is associated with resistance to permethrin has been developed. This assay can be performed on individual ticks at any life stage with results available in a few hours. A number of Mexican strains of B. microplus with varying profiles of pesticide resistance have been genotyped using this test. Additionally, a specific metabolic esterase with permethrin-hydrolyzing activity, CzEst9, has been purified and its gene coding region cloned. This esterase has been associated with high resistance to permethrin in one Mexican tick population. Work is continuing to clone specific acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterase genes that appear to be involved in resistance to organophosphates. Our ultimate goal is the design of a battery of DNA- or ELISA-based assays capable of rapidly genotyping individual ticks to obtain a comprehensive profile of their susceptibility to various pesticides. More outbreaks of clinical bovine babesisois and anaplasmosis have been associated with the presence of synthetic pyrethroid (SP) resistance when compared to OP and amidine resistance. This may be the result of differences in the temporal and geographic patterns of resistance development to the different acaricides. If acaricide resistance develops slowly, herd immunity may not be affected. The use of pesticides for the control of pests of cattle other than ticks can affect the incidence of tick resistance and tick-borne diseases. Simple analytical models of tick- and tsetse-bome diseases suggest that reducing the abundance of ticks, by treating cattle with pyrethroids for example, can have a variety of effects on tick-bome diseases. In the worst-case scenario, the models suggest that treating cattle might not only have no impact on trypanosomosis but could increase the incidence of tick-bome disease. In the best-case, treatment could reduce the incidence of both trypanosomosis and tick-bome diseases Surveys of beef and dairy properties in Queensland for which tick resistance to amitraz was known were intended to provide a clear understanding of the economic and management consequences resistance had on their properties. Farmers continued to use amitraz as the major acaricide for tick control after the diagnosis of resistance, although it was supplemented with moxidectin (dairy farms) or fluazuron, macrocyclic lactones or cypermethrin/ chlorfenvinphos. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Ctr Trop Vet Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Ctr Nacl Serv Constatac Salud Anim, Carretera Fed Cuernavaca Cuautla, Progreso Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico. USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Mission, TX USA. Nat Resources Inst, Chatham ME4 4TB, Kent, England. RP Foil, LD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, 402 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM lfoil@agctr.lsu.edu OI Jonsson, Nicholas/0000-0003-3245-9783; Torr, Stephen/0000-0001-9550-4030 NR 28 TC 60 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 125 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 163 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.05.012 PG 19 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 866QW UT WOS:000224789000012 PM 15476966 ER PT J AU Easter, RC Ghan, SJ Zhang, Y Saylor, RD Chapman, EG Laulainen, NS Abdul-Razzak, H Leung, LR Bian, XD Zaveri, RA AF Easter, RC Ghan, SJ Zhang, Y Saylor, RD Chapman, EG Laulainen, NS Abdul-Razzak, H Leung, LR Bian, XD Zaveri, RA TI MIRAGE: Model description and evaluation of aerosols and trace gases SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review DE aerosols; global model ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR CYCLE; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GLOBAL 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE AEROSOLS; SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; THRESHOLD FRICTION VELOCITIES; SIZE-SEGREGATED SIMULATION AB [1] The Model for Integrated Research on Atmospheric Global Exchanges ( MIRAGE) modeling system, designed to study the impacts of anthropogenic aerosols on the global environment, is described. MIRAGE consists of a chemical transport model coupled online with a global climate model. The chemical transport model simulates trace gases, aerosol number, and aerosol chemical component mass ( sulfate, methane sulfonic acid (MSA), organic matter, black carbon ( BC), sea salt, and mineral dust) for four aerosol modes (Aitken, accumulation, coarse sea salt, and coarse mineral dust) using the modal aerosol dynamics approach. Cloud-phase and interstitial aerosol are predicted separately. The climate model, based on Community Climate Model, Version 2 (CCM2), has physically based treatments of aerosol direct and indirect forcing. Stratiform cloud water and droplet number are simulated using a bulk microphysics parameterization that includes aerosol activation. Aerosol and trace gas species simulated by MIRAGE are presented and evaluated using surface and aircraft measurements. Surface-level SO2 in North American and European source regions is higher than observed. SO2 above the boundary layer is in better agreement with observations, and surface-level SO2 at marine locations is somewhat lower than observed. Comparison with other models suggests insufficient SO2 dry deposition; increasing the deposition velocity improves simulated SO2. Surface-level sulfate in North American and European source regions is in good agreement with observations, although the seasonal cycle in Europe is stronger than observed. Surface-level sulfate at high-latitude and marine locations, and sulfate above the boundary layer, are higher than observed. This is attributed primarily to insufficient wet removal; increasing the wet removal improves simulated sulfate at remote locations and aloft. Because of the high sulfate bias, radiative forcing estimates for anthropogenic sulfur given in 2001 by S. J. Ghan and colleagues are probably too high. Surface- level dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is similar to 40% higher than observed, and the seasonal cycle shows too much DMS in local winter, partially caused by neglect of oxidation by NO3. Surface-level MSA at marine locations is similar to80% higher than observed, also attributed to insufficient wet removal. Surface- level BC is similar to 50% lower than observed in the United States and similar to 40% lower than observed globally. Treating BC as initially hydrophobic would lessen this bias. Surface- level organic matter is lower than observed in the United States, similar to BC, but shows no bias in the global comparison. Surface- level sea salt concentrations are similar to 30% lower than observed, partly caused by low temporal variance of the model's 10 m wind speeds. Submicrometer sea salt is strongly underestimated by the emissions parameterization. Dust concentrations are within a factor of 3 at most sites but tend to be lower than observed, primarily because of neglect of very large particles and underestimation of emissions and vertical transport under high-wind conditions. Accumulation and Aitken mode number concentrations and mean sizes at the surface over ocean, and condensation nuclei concentrations aloft over the Pacific, are in fair agreement with observations. Concentrations over land are generally higher than observations, with mean sizes correspondingly lower than observations, especially at some European locations. Increasing the assumed size of emitted particles produces better agreement at the surface over land, and reduci C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, San Ramon, CA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Snellville, GA 30078 USA. Texas A&I Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Centr Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Easter, RC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM richard.easter@pnl.gov RI Chapman, Elaine/K-8756-2012; Saylor, Rick/D-1252-2014; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; OI Saylor, Rick/0000-0003-4835-8290; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 NR 280 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D20 AR D20210 DI 10.1029/2004JD004571 PG 46 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 867ZR UT WOS:000224882100001 ER PT J AU Barry, JJ AF Barry, JJ TI A general power equation for predicting bed load transport rates in gravel bed rivers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gravel bed rivers; sediment transport; fluvial geomorphology ID BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SURFACE TEXTURES; STREAMS; CHANNELS; MORPHOLOGY; DISCHARGE; STABILITY; MODEL AB A variety of formulae has been developed to predict bed load transport in gravel bed rivers, ranging from simple regressions to complex multiparameter formulations. The ability to test these formulae across numerous field sites has, until recently, been hampered by a paucity of bed load transport data for gravel bed rivers. We use 2104 bed load transport observations in 24 gravel bed rivers in Idaho to assess the performance of eight different formulations of four bed load transport equations. Results show substantial differences in performance but no consistent relationship between formula performance and degree of calibration or complexity. However, formulae containing a transport threshold typically exhibit poor performance. Furthermore, we find that the transport data are best described by a simple power function of discharge. From this we propose a new bed load transport equation and identify channel and watershed characteristics that control the exponent and coefficient of the proposed power function. We find that the exponent is principally a factor of supply-related channel armoring (transport capacity in excess of sediment supply), whereas the coefficient is related to drainage area (a surrogate for absolute sediment supply). We evaluate the accuracy of the proposed power function at 17 independent test sites. C1 Boise Cascade Corp, Timberland Resources, Boise, ID 83728 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Barry, JJ (reprint author), Boise Cascade Corp, Timberland Resources, 1111 W Jefferson St, Boise, ID 83728 USA. EM jeffbarry@bc.com NR 74 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 6 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 27 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 10 AR W10401 DI 10.1029/2004WR003190 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 868AP UT WOS:000224884600003 ER PT J AU Xu, L Appell, M Kennedy, S Momany, FA Price, NPJ AF Xu, L Appell, M Kennedy, S Momany, FA Price, NPJ TI Conformational analysis of chirally deuterated tunicamycin as an active site probe of UDP-N-Acetylhexosamine : Polyprenol-P N-acetylhexosamine-1-P translocases SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROBACTERIAL COMMON ANTIGEN; 1ST MEMBRANE STEP; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PEPTIDOGLYCAN SYNTHESIS; PENTAPEPTIDE TRANSLOCASE; BACILLUS-CEREUS; ACID-RESIDUES; BIOSYNTHESIS; TRANSFERASE; PROTEIN AB Tunicamycins are potent inhibitors of UDP-N-acetyl-D-hexosamine:polyprenol-phosphate N-acetylhexosamine-1-phosphate translocases (D-HexNAc-1-P translocases), a family of enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis and eukaryotic protein N-glycosylation. Structurally, tunicamycins consist of an 11-carbon dialdose core sugar called tunicamine that is N-linked at C-1' to uracil and O-linked at C-11' to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The C-11' O-glycosidic linkage is highly unusual because it forms an alpha/beta anomeric-to-anomeric linkage to the 1-position of the GlcNAc residue. We have assigned the H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra of tunicamycin and have undertaken a conformational analysis from rotating angle nuclear Overhauser effect (ROESY) data. In addition, chirally deuterated tunicamycins produced by fermentation of Streptomyces chartreusis on chemically synthesized, monodeuterated (S-6)-[H-2(1)]glucose have been used to assign the geminal H-6'a, H-6'b methylene bridge of the 11-carbon dialdose sugar, tunicamine. The tunicamine residue is shown to assume pseudo-D-ribofuranose and C-4(1) pseudo-D-galactopyranosaminyl ring conformers. Conformation about the C-6' methylene bridge determines the relative orientation of these rings. The model predicts that tunicamycin forms a right-handed cupped structure, with the potential for divalent metal ion coordination at 5'-OH, 8'-OH, and the pseudogalactopyranosyl 7'-O ring oxygen. The formation of tunicamycin complexes with various divalent metal ions was confirmed experimentally by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Our data support the hypothesis that tunicamycin is a structural analogue of the UDP-D-HexNAc substrate and is reversibly coordinated to the divalent metal cofactor in the D-HexNAc-1-P translocase active site. C1 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Price, NPJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM pricen@ncaur.usda.gov NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 42 BP 13248 EP 13255 DI 10.1021/bi048327q PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 864GQ UT WOS:000224622400003 PM 15491132 ER PT J AU Jang, Y Lee, JH Chae, JS Kim, OY Koh, SJ Cho, H Ordovas, JM AF Jang, Y Lee, JH Chae, JS Kim, OY Koh, SJ Cho, H Ordovas, JM TI Association of the 45T > G and 276G > T oolymorphisms in the adiponectin gene with visceral fat accumulation and metabolic syndrome in Korean men SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Med Inst, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Yosei Rsch Inst Sci Aging, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, JM, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 3598 BP 780 EP 780 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783504175 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Jang, Y Chae, JS Kim, OY Koh, SJ Cho, H Ordovas, JM AF Lee, JH Jang, Y Chae, JS Kim, OY Koh, SJ Cho, H Ordovas, JM TI A haplotype at the adiponectin gene is associated with different response of cardiovascular risk factors to weight reduction in overweight subjects SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Yonsei Univ, Res Inst Sci Aging, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Med Inst, Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 3601 BP 780 EP 780 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783504178 ER PT J AU Lehmkuhl, JE Gould, LE Cazares, E Hosford, DR AF Lehmkuhl, JE Gould, LE Cazares, E Hosford, DR TI Truffle abundance and mycophagy by northern flying squirrels in eastern Washington forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE diets; ectomycorrhizal fungi; fuel management; Glaucomys sabrinus; mycophagy; northern flying squirrel; truffles ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; SPOROCARP PRODUCTION; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; WESTERN OREGON; SMALL MAMMALS; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; SPECIES RICHNESS AB Although much is known about truffle abundance and rodent mycophagy in mesic Douglas-fir forests in the Pacific Northwest, few data are available for dry interior montane forests dominated by ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and grand fir (Abies grandis). Our objective was to quantify the relationship between the abundance and diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps in the soil and in the diets of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) in low-elevation forests of the eastern Washington Cascades. We randomly sampled four stands each of three cover types: dry open ponderosa pine, mesic young mixed-conifer forest, and mesic mature mixed-conifer forest. We sampled the soil for hypogeous sporocarps during the spring of 1999 and 2000. We collected fecal pellets from 318 flying squirrels live-trapped during the fall of 1997-2000. We sampled 2400 m(2) of soil surface and found truffles in 40% of 600 plots. Total biomass collected was 609 a. Spring truffle biomass on a kg/ha basis averaged 1.72 in open pine, 3.56 in young, and 4.11 in mature forest. Twenty-two species were collected across all cover types, with all but three species belonging to the Basidiomycotina. Eleven dominant species accounted for 91-94% of truffle biomass in each cover type. Four dominant species accounted for 60-70% of spring truffle biomass: Gautieria monticola, Hysterangium coriaceum, Rhizopogon parksii, and R. vinicolor. Truffle assemblages, richness and total biomass differed among cover types: richness and biomass were highest in young and mature mixed-conifer forest, and lowest in open ponderosa pine forest. Fall squirrel diets were composed of 23 genera or groups of fungi, plus about 22% plant material. Rhizopogon was the most abundant genus in the diet, followed by plant material, then Gautieria, Lencogaster. Alpova, and Hysterangium. Diets in different cover types were similar in the composition, richness, evenness, and the ratio of fungus to plant material. Diet richness varied over the study period. Nineteen truffle genera were detected in fall fecal samples versus 12 in spring soil samples. Management of low-elevation dry forest to maintain or restore stable fire regimes might reduce truffle diversity at stand scales by simplifying stand composition and structure; but, such management might increase long-term beta and landscape truffle diversity and persistence by reducing the occurrence of high-intensity fires and stabilizing inherent fire disturbance regimes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Cent Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lehmkuhl, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM jlehmkul@fs.fed.us NR 64 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 200 IS 1-3 BP 49 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.006 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 865DJ UT WOS:000224682400005 ER PT J AU Jones, ME Paine, TD Fenn, ME Poth, MA AF Jones, ME Paine, TD Fenn, ME Poth, MA TI Influence of ozone and nitrogen deposition on bark beetle activity under drought conditions SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen deposition; ozone; ponderosa pine; Jeffrey pine; western pine beetle; Mountain Pine beetle; San Bernardino mountains; mixed conifer forest ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; OLEORESIN EXUDATION PRESSURE; PONDEROSA PINE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MOISTURE STRESS; CONIFER FORESTS; AIR-POLLUTION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; NORWAY SPRUCE; DOUGLAS-FIR AB Four years of severe drought from 1999 through 2003 led to unprecedented bark beetle activity in ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains of southern California. Pines in the San Bernardino Mountains also were heavily impacted by ozone and nitrogenous pollutants originating from urban and agricultural areas in the Los Angeles basin. We studied bark beetle activity and bark beetle associated tree mortality in pines at two drought-impacted sites in the San Bernardino Mountains, one receiving high levels of atmospheric pollutants, and one with more moderate atmospheric input. We also investigated the effects of nitrogen addition treatments of 0, 50 and 150 kg N ha-(1) year(-1) at each site. Tree mortality and beetle activity were significantly higher at the high pollution site. Differences in beetle activity between sites were significantly associated with ozone injury to pines, while differences in tree mortality between sites were significantly associated with both ozone injury and fertilization level. Tree mortality was 9% higher and beetle activity 50% higher for unfertilized trees at the high pollution site compared to the low pollution site. Tree mortality increased 8% and beetle activity increased 20% under the highest rates of nitrogen additions at the low pollution site. The strong response in beetle activity to nitrogen additions at the low pollution site suggests that atmospheric nitrogen deposition increased tree susceptibility to beetle attack at the high deposition site. While drought conditions throughout the region were a major factor in decreased tree resistance, it appears that both ozone exposure and atmospheric nitrogen deposition further increased pine susceptibility to beetle attack. (C) 2004, Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Jones, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM michele.eatough@ucr.edu NR 55 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 200 IS 1-3 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.003 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 865DJ UT WOS:000224682400006 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RSH Spies, TA AF Kennedy, RSH Spies, TA TI Forest cover changes in the Oregon Coast Range from 1939 to 1993 SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest dynamics; land cover change; old growth historical landscapes; oregon coast range; forest management ID LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; LAND OWNERSHIP; OLD-GROWTH; RED ALDER; PATTERNS; ROADS; USA; MOUNTAINS; DISTURBANCE; WATERSHEDS AB Understanding the shifts over time in the distribution and amount of forest vegetation types in relation to forest management and environmental conditions is critical for many policy and ecological questions. Our objective was to assess the influences of ownership and environment on changes in forest vegetation from post-settlement historical to recent times in the central Coast Range of Oregon. We evaluated land cover types on 1475 20 m plots, using scanned, geo-referenced historical (1939) and recent (1993) aerial photos. The amount of older conifer cover declined by 63% relative to its former amount, from 36 to 13% of the landscape. during the 54-year period. Dominant ownership of older conifer stands shifted from industrial private to Forest Service lands. Younger conifer stands showed the greatest expansion in cover, increasing more than two-fold, from 21 to 44% of the landscape. Shrub and hardwood cover declined by 16%, from 31 to 25% of the landscape. Shrubs and hardwoods occurred at lower slope positions and closer to streams at the end of the period than at the beginning. Ownership was not an important determinant of the presence of large and very large conifer cover or shrub and hardwood cover in 1939, but was a very important factor affecting the presence of these cover types in 1993. Landscape transitional pathways were distributed among many types and no single transitional pathway was dominant. Even the most stable cover types (hardwood trees and herbs) had low absolute stability, with over 65% of their plots changing to another cover type by 1993. Out- research indicates that the importance of ownership as a factor affecting the type of vegetation cover present has increased greatly during this time, whereas the relative influence of environment has lessened considerably. Land owners in the Oregon Coast Range have altered the cover and distribution of vegetation in diverse ways, changing the landscape to one dominated by young conifers, shifting the distribution of younger successional shrubs and hardwoods toward streams, and restricting the location of older coniferous stands to particular ownerships and site types. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kennedy, RSH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rebecca.kennedy@oregonstate.edu NR 79 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 200 IS 1-3 BP 129 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.022 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 865DJ UT WOS:000224682400012 ER PT J AU Samuelson, LJ Johnsen, K Stokes, T Lu, WL AF Samuelson, LJ Johnsen, K Stokes, T Lu, WL TI Intensive management modifies soil CO2 efflux in 6-year-old Pinus taeda L. stands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE loblotly pine; fertilization; carbon sequestration; soil respiration ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; VIRGINIA PIEDMONT; ROOT RESPIRATION; FOREST; PLANTATION; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB Intensive forestry may reduce net CO, emission into atmosphere by storing carbon in living biomass, dead organic matter and soil, and durable wood products. Because quantification of belowground carbon dynamics is important for reliable estimation of the carbon sequestered by intensively managed plantations, we examined Soil CO2 efflux (S-CO2) in a 6-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in response to weed control (W), weed control plus irrigation (WI), weed control plus irrigation and fertigation (addition of fertilizer to the irrigation water) (WIF), and weed control plus irrigation, fertigation and pest control (WIFP) since plantation establishment. Average S-CO2 ranged from 1.27 to 5.59 mumol m(-2)s(-1), and linear models indicated that soil temperature explained up to 56% of the variation in S-CO2. Plot position explained an additional 2-11% of the variation in S-CO2 Soil moisture was only weakly correlated with S-CO2 in the W treatment, and S-CO2 was not significantly correlated to fine root-mass. Predicted carbon loss from forest floor respiration ranged between 778 and 966 g C m(-2) year(-1) and was 20% lower in the WIF treatment relative to the W treatment. Annual soil carbon loss through soil respiration declined linearly with increasing carbon content in total root biomass (tap + coarse + fine) at age 6. (C) 2004, Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27606 USA. RP Samuelson, LJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 108 M White Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM samuelj@auburn.edu NR 43 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 200 IS 1-3 BP 335 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.002 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 865DJ UT WOS:000224682400024 ER PT J AU Hu, X Shelver, WL Wettstein, GW Gholami, K Shelver, WH AF Hu, X Shelver, WL Wettstein, GW Gholami, K Shelver, WH TI Studies of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in protonated and non-protonated hexahydropyridinobenzodioxins SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE hexahydropyridobenzodioxins; intramolecular hydrogen bonding; semi-empirical method; ab initio ID AB-INITIO; BONDED COMPLEXES; 1,4-DIOXANE; ENERGY; LEVEL; WATER AB The conformational stability of hexahydropyridobenzodioxin and related derivatives in both protonated and non-protonated forms have been investigated by means of ab initio molecular orbital methods as well as semi-empirical AM1 and PM3 methods. One of the cis conformers (cis2e) has been found to be most stable due to the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond, other conformers including the trans isomer cannot form this interaction but are of different stability because of the orientation of the polar oxygens and the nitrogen. The effect of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the stability of hexahydropyridobenzodioxin and its methylated derivatives has been examined using various basis sets levels. In protonated form, both the semi-empirical and ab initio calculations give excellent agreement in energetic order; however, different orderings of conformer stabilities are observed by different computational methods in non-protonated form. The results provide insight into the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in computational studies of biologically important molecules. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Informat Technol Serv, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Shelver, WH (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM william.shelver@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 686 IS 1-3 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.07.024 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 871PG UT WOS:000225145100002 ER PT J AU Kjelgaard, J Sharratt, B Sundram, I Lamb, B Claiborn, C Saxton, K Chandler, D AF Kjelgaard, J Sharratt, B Sundram, I Lamb, B Claiborn, C Saxton, K Chandler, D TI PM10 emission from agricultural soils on the Columbia Plateau: comparison of dynamic and time-integrated field-scale measurements and entrainment mechanisms SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE wind erosion; particulates; friction velocity; saltation ID ELEMENT OSCILLATING MICROBALANCE; GRAIN-SIZE CHARACTERISTICS; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; WIND EROSION; DUST EMISSION; SALTATION BOMBARDMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; VERTICAL FLUX; OWENS LAKE; SANDY SOIL AB Emission of particles less than 10 mum mean diameter (PM10) from agricultural sources is an environmental issue due to health concerns and potential effects on local and global climate. The Columbia Plateau region of Washington and Oregon contains vast deposits of fine loess soils and is an active PM10 emission source. An instrumented field site was established to continuously monitor meteorological conditions and PM10 concentrations at 10 min intervals during periods of high winds (defined as sustained wind speeds >5 m s(-1) at 2 m height) during the 2001 and 2002 field seasons. Time-integrated measurements of PM10 and total soil movement were made using high volume air samplers (HiVols) and BSNE sediment traps, respectively. Particle impact sensors (Sensits(R)) monitored particle movement (i.e. saltation) close to the surface. Tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOMs) and wind velocity profiles were utilized to examine short-time-interval dust emission dynamics of fallow, dryland fields. TEOM data clearly identified periods of active PM10 emission. TEOM and HiVol PM10 concentrations integrated during high wind events (HWE) showed excellent agreement. Time-integrated PM10 concentrations were well-correlated with horizontal soil mass transport. However, few saltator impacts were recorded during high wind events. Analysis of wind velocity profiles and friction velocities indicated little saltation was occurring. In general, for continuous emission of PM10 from fallow fields with dust mulch conditions, threshold friction velocity was approximately 0.4 m s(-1) and threshold velocity was approximately 8 in s(-1). Several wind events showed evidence where PM10 concentration gradients were extremely small, the PM10 being well-mixed between 1 and 3 in heights. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Environm Phys Grp Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Grp, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kjelgaard, J (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Environm Phys Grp Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jkjelgaard@ag.tamu.edu RI Chandler, David/E-4543-2013 OI Chandler, David/0000-0002-8662-2892 NR 82 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 125 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.04.004 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864HR UT WOS:000224625100006 ER PT J AU Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ Perez, JA AF Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ Perez, JA TI Preparation of soybean oil-based greases: Effect of composition and structure on physical properties SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vegetable oils; Li-grease; NLGI hardness; oxidative stability AB Vegetable oils have significant potential as a base fluid and a substitute for mineral oil in grease formulation. Preparation of soybean oil-based lithium greases using a variety of fatty acids in the soap structure is discussed in this paper. Soy greases with lithium-fatty acid soap having C-12-C-18 chain lengths and different metal to fatty acid ratios were synthesized. Grease hardness was determined using a standard test method, and their oxidative stabilities were measured using pressurized differential scanning calorimetry. Results indicate that lithium soap composition, fatty acid types, and base oil content significantly affect grease hardness and oxidative stability. Lithium soaps prepared with short-chain fatty acids resulted in softer grease. Oxidative stability and other performance properties will deteriorate if oil is released from the grease matrix due to overloading of soap with base oil. Performance characteristics are largely dependent on the hardness and oxidative stability of grease used as industrial and automotive lubricant. Therefore, this paper discusses the preparation methods, optimization of soap components, and antioxidant additive for making soybased grease. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 21 BP 6456 EP 6459 DI 10.1021/jf049888r PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 862RU UT WOS:000224509400014 PM 15479006 ER PT J AU Bunzel, M Ralph, J Lu, F Hatfield, RD Steinhart, H AF Bunzel, M Ralph, J Lu, F Hatfield, RD Steinhart, H TI Lignins and ferulate-coniferyl alcohol cross-coupling products in cereal grains SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cereal dietary fiber; lignin; DFRC method; cross-coupling; ferulic acid; coniferyl alcohol ID CELL-WALL STRUCTURE; DIETARY FIBER; DFRC METHOD; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; WHEAT BRAN; GRASSES; MODEL; LINKS; IDENTIFICATION; FERMENTATION AB Plant cell walls containing suberin or lignin in the human diet are conjectured to protect against colon cancer. To confirm the existence of authentic lignin in cereal grain dietary fibers, the DFRC (derivatization followed by reductive cleavage) method was applied to different cereal grain dietary fibers. By cleavage of diagnostic arylglycerol-beta-aryl (beta-O-4) ether linkages and identification of the liberated monolignols, it was ascertained that lignins are truly present in cereal grains. From the ratios of the liberated monolignols coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, it is suggested that lignin compositions vary among cereals. Furthermore, dimeric cross-coupling products, comprising ferulate and coniferyl alcohol, were identified in most cereal fibers investigated. These ferulate 4-O-beta- and 8-beta-coniferyl alcohol cross-coupled structures indicate radical cross-coupling of polysaccharides to lignin precursors via ferulate. C1 Univ Hamburg, Dept Food Chem, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Univ Hamburg, Dept Food Chem, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Grindelalee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM Mirko.Bunzel@uni-hamburg.de NR 39 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 21 BP 6496 EP 6502 DI 10.1021/jf040204p PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 862RU UT WOS:000224509400021 PM 15479013 ER PT J AU Han, JS Kozukue, N Young, KS Lee, KR Friedman, M AF Han, JS Kozukue, N Young, KS Lee, KR Friedman, M TI Distribution of ascorbic acid in potato tubers and in home-processed and commercial potato foods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ascorbic acid; vitamin C; HPLC; potatoes; degradation; food processing ID LOW-TEMPERATURE STORAGE; WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS; FRESH-CUT POTATOES; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SODIUM ASCORBATE; MASHED POTATOES; CHEMISTRY; RETENTION AB HPLC was used to analyze the content of ascorbic acid (AA) in tubers of four Korean potato cultivars (Chaju, Sumi, Deso, and Dejima), in a series of baked, boiled, braised, fried, microwaved, pressure-cooked, and sauteed potato slices from the Dejima cultivar and in 14 commercial Korean and 14 processed potato foods sold in the United States (chips, snacks, mashed potatoes, fries). The AA content for the four cultivars ranged from 16 to 46 mg/100 g of fresh weight. The distribution of AA in each of the eight potato slices (sticks, plugs) cut horizontally from the stem end of the Dejima potato ranged from 6.8 to 19.3% of the total. The corresponding distribution in seven sticks cut vertically was much narrower, ranging from 11.7 to 17.5% of the total. Losses of AA in water (pH 5.2) were significantly greater than in 5% metaphosphoric acid (pH 1.0). Less degradation occurred in water solutions of the vitamin stored at 1 degreesC than at 25 degreesC. Losses of AA observed during home-processing of three varieties with low (Dejima, 16 mg/100 g), intermediate (Sumi, 32 mg/100 g), and high (Chaju, 42 mg/100 g) AA contents were as follows: boiling in water, 77-88%; boiling in water containing 1-3% NaCl, 61-79%; frying in oil, 55-79%; sauteing, 61-67%; pressure-cooking in water, 56-60%; braising, 50-63%; baking, 33-51%; and microwaving, 21-33%. The content of the Korean foods ranged from trace amounts to 25 mg/100 g and that of the U.S. foods from 0.4 to 46 mg/100 g. These results permit optimization of the vitamin C content of the diet by (a) using high-vitamin C potato varieties such as Chaju, (b) selecting sticks cut horizontally for frying, (c) baking or microwaving rather than boiling or frying, and (d) selecting commercial potato foods with a high vitamin C content. C1 Yeungnam Univ, Coll Human Ecol & Kinesiol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), Uiduk Univ, San 50 Yugeom, Gyongbuk 780713, South Korea. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 35 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 21 BP 6516 EP 6521 DI 10.1021/jf0493270 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 862RU UT WOS:000224509400024 PM 15479016 ER PT J AU Barriuso, E Koskinen, WC Sadowsky, MJ AF Barriuso, E Koskinen, WC Sadowsky, MJ TI Solvent extraction characterization of bioavailability of atrazine residues in soils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioavalailability; atrazine; Pseudomonas sp strain ADP; aged residues ID PH-SORPTION INTERACTIONS; INCUBATION-TIME; CARRY-OVER; MINERALIZATION; DESORPTION; METABOLITES; HERBICIDES; FIELD; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION AB Characterization of pesticide bioavailability, particularly in aged soils, is of continued interest because this information is necessary for environmental risk assessment. The objective of this study was to correlate atrazine residue bioavailability in aged soils, as determined by solvent extraction methods, to atrazine mineralization by an atrazine-degrading bacterium. Webster clay loam and Zimmerman fine sand soils were treated with UL-ring-labeled [C-14]atrazine and incubated for up to 8 weeks. At the end of each incubation period, soils were either not extracted, extracted with 0.01 M CaCl2, or extracted with 0.01 M CaCl2/aqueous methanol. Soils were then inoculated with the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP, which is capable of rapidly mineralizing the atrazine ring. This allowed for the evaluation of the bioavailability of aged atrazine residues without the contribution of atrazine desorption from soil. Results of these studies indicated that the amounts of atrazine residues in aged soils extracted by 0.01 M CaCl2 and aqueous methanol were correlated to amounts of atrazine mineralized by Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP. Consequently, 0.01 M CaCl2/methanol extractable atrazine in aged soils may be used to estimate bioavailable residues, and this technique may be useful to determine the bioavailability of other compounds in soils, especially other triazine herbicides. C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. INRA, Lab Sols, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Climate & Biotechnol Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Cir,439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM koskinen@umn.edu RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 30 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 21 BP 6552 EP 6556 DI 10.1021/jf040245l PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 862RU UT WOS:000224509400030 PM 15479022 ER PT J AU Mellon, JE Moreau, RA AF Mellon, JE Moreau, RA TI Inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus by diferuloyiputrescine and p-coumaroylferuloylputrescine SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; corn; diferuloylputrescine; p-coumaroylferuloylputrescine; pericarp; Zea mays ID MAIZE; RESISTANCE; PLANTS AB A mixture of diferuloyiputrescine/p-coumaroylferuloylputrescine (85:15, w/w) demonstrated inhibitory activity against aflatoxin B-1 biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus isolate AF13. Inhibition was concentration dependent, with a 50% effective dose of 30 mug of diferuloylputrescine/p-oumaroylferuloylputrescine per milliliter of medium. Aflatoxin inhibition levels of up to 93% were achieved using this conjugated polyamine material. This diconjugated polyamine mixture did not display inhibitory effects on A. flavus growth (mycelial weight) at any of the concentrations tested. A survey of hand-dissected corn (Zea mays) kernel tissues, including enclosperm, germ, pericarp, and wax, revealed that the highest concentrations of these conjugated polyamines were localized in the pericarp of the seed. Analysis of a number of corn accessions did not reveal a correlation between diferuloylputrescine/p-coumaroylferuloylputrescine concentration and resistance/susceptibility to A. flavus infection. The localization of these diconjugated polyamine components in the pericarp, which functions as a physical barrier and surrounds the internal food storage reserves, suggests a defensive role for these materials. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mellon, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM jmellon@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 21 BP 6660 EP 6663 DI 10.1021/jf040226b PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 862RU UT WOS:000224509400045 PM 15479037 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Pielke, RA Bestelmeyer, BT Allen, CD Munson-McGee, S Havstad, KM AF Peters, DPC Pielke, RA Bestelmeyer, BT Allen, CD Munson-McGee, S Havstad, KM TI Cross-scale interactions, nonlinearities, and forecasting catastrophic events SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPREAD; VARIABILITY; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FEEDBACKS; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; DISEASE; MODELS AB Catastrophic events share characteristic nonlinear behaviors that are often generated by cross-scale interactions and feedbacks among system elements. These events result in surprises that cannot easily be predicted based on information obtained at a single scale. Progress on catastrophic events has focused on one of the following two areas: nonlinear dynamics through time without an explicit consideration of spatial connectivity [Holling, C. S. (1992) EcoL Monogr. 62, 447-502] or spatial connectivity and the spread of contagious processes without a consideration of cross-scale interactions and feedbacks [Zeng, N., Neeling, J. D., Lau, L. M. & Tucker, C. J. (1999) Science 286, 1537-1540]. These approaches rarely have ventured beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries. We provide an interdisciplinary, conceptual, and general mathematical framework for understanding and forecasting nonlinear dynamics through time and across space. We illustrate the generality and usefulness of our approach by using new data and recasting published data from ecology (wildfires and desertification), epidemiology (infectious diseases), and engineering (structural failures). We show that decisions that minimize the likelihood of catastrophic events must be based on cross-scale interactions, and such decisions will often be counterintuitive. Given the continuing challenges associated with global change, approaches that cross disciplinary boundaries to include interactions and feedbacks at multiple scales are needed to increase our ability to predict catastrophic events and develop strategies for minimizing their occurrence and impacts. Our framework is an important step in developing predictive tools and designing experiments to examine cross-scale interactions. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Ecol Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009 NR 50 TC 217 Z9 227 U1 7 U2 83 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 42 BP 15130 EP 15135 DI 10.1073/pnas.0403822101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865FT UT WOS:000224688700029 PM 15469919 ER PT J AU Seabury, CM Honeycutt, RL Rooney, AP Halbert, ND Derr, JN AF Seabury, CM Honeycutt, RL Rooney, AP Halbert, ND Derr, JN TI Prion protein gene (PRNP) variants and evidence for strong purifying selection in functionally important regions of bovine exon 3 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE DARWINIAN SELECTION; NATURAL SCRAPIE; PRP GENE; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE VARIATION; CATTLE BREEDS; SHEEP; POLYMORPHISMS; IDENTIFICATION AB Amino acid replacements encoded by the prion protein gene (PRNP) have been associated with transmissible and hereditary spongiform encephalopathies in mammalian species. However, an association between bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and bovine PRNP exon 3 has not been detected. Moreover, little is currently known regarding the mechanisms of evolution influencing the bovine PRNP gene. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the patterns of nucleotide variation associated with PRNP exon 3 for 36 breeds of domestic cattle and representative samples for 10 additional species of Bovinae. The results of our study indicate that strong purifying selection has intensely constrained PRNP over the long-term evolutionary history of the subfamily Bovinae, especially in regions considered to be of functional, structural, and pathogenic importance in humans as well as other mammals. The driving force behind this intense level of purifying selection remains to be explained. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Derr, JN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jderr@cvm.tamu.edu NR 63 TC 39 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 42 BP 15142 EP 15147 DI 10.1073/pnas.0406403101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865FT UT WOS:000224688700031 PM 15477588 ER PT J AU Brown, GR Gill, GP Kuntz, RJ Langley, CH Neale, DB AF Brown, GR Gill, GP Kuntz, RJ Langley, CH Neale, DB TI Nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium in loblolly pine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-VARIATION; RECOMBINATION RATES; DNA VARIATION; TAEDA L.; POPULATION; POLYMORPHISMS; PATTERNS; HISTORY; CONVERSION; DROSOPHILA AB Outbreeding species with large, stable population sizes, such as widely distributed conifers, are expected to harbor relatively more DNA sequence polymorphism. Under the neutral theory of molecular evolution, the expected heterozygosity is a function of the product 4N(e)mu, where Ne is the effective population size and mu is the per-generation mutation rate, and the genomic scale of linkage disequilibrium is determined by 4N(e)r, where r is the per-generation recombination rate between adjacent sites. These parameters were estimated in the long-lived, outcrossing gymnosperm loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) from a survey of single nucleoticle polymorphisms across approximate to18 kb of DNA distributed among 19 loci from a common set of 32 haploid genomes. Estimates of 4N(e)mu at silent and nonsynonymous sites were 0.00658 and 0.00108, respectively, and both were statistically heterogeneous among loci. By Tajima's D statistic, the site frequency spectrum of no locus was observed to deviate from that predicted by neutral theory. Substantial recombination in the history of the sampled alleles was observed and linkage disequilibrium declined within several kilobases. The composite likelihood estimate of 4Ner based on all two-site sample configurations equaled 0.00175. When geological dating, an assumed generation time (25 years), and an estimated divergence from Pinus pinaster Ait. are used, the effective population size of loblolly pine should be 5.6 x 10(5). The emerging narrow range of estimated silent site heterozygosities (relative to the vast range of population sizes) for humans, Drosophila, maize, and pine parallels the paradox described earlier for allozyme polymorphism and challenges simple equilibrium models of molecular evolution. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu NR 44 TC 173 Z9 191 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 42 BP 15255 EP 15260 DI 10.1073/pnas.0404231101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865FT UT WOS:000224688700050 PM 15477602 ER PT J AU Higgins, JA Nasarabadi, S Karns, JS Shelton, DR Cooper, M Gbakima, A Koopman, RP AF Higgins, JA Nasarabadi, S Karns, JS Shelton, DR Cooper, M Gbakima, A Koopman, RP TI Corrigendurn to "A handheld real time thermal cycler for bacterial pathogen detection" (vol 18, pg 1115, 2003) SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USDA APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. RP Higgins, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Room 202,Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jhiggins@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 663 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2002.10.001 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 869UE UT WOS:000225009000036 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE AF Lugo, AE TI H.T Odum and the luquillo experimental forest SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID PUERTO-RICO; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; PRODUCTIVITY C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 1201 Calle Ceiba,Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM alugo@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.12.023 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 846FU UT WOS:000223301800012 ER PT J AU Li, H Teppen, BJ Laird, DA Johnston, CT Boyd, SA AF Li, H Teppen, BJ Laird, DA Johnston, CT Boyd, SA TI Geochemical modulation of pesticide sorption on smectite clay SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IONIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BLACK CARBON; HUMIC-ACID; ADSORPTION; MATTER; WATER; SOIL; MINERALS; MECHANISMS; SEDIMENTS AB Pesticide adsorption by soil clays can be dramatically influenced by the exchangeable cations present. Among the common exchangeable base cations in soils (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+), K+-saturated clays frequently demonstrate the strongest affinity for pesticides. In the presence of multiple exchangeable cations in the system, we hypothesize that the magnitude of pesticide sorption to soil minerals is proportional to the fraction of clay interlayers saturated with K+ ions. To test this hypothesis, we measured sorption of three pesticides with different polarities (dichlobenil, monuron, and biphenyl) by homoionic K- and Ca- smectite (SWy-2) in KCl/CaCl2 aqueous solutions. The presence of different amounts of KCl and CaCl2 resulted in varying populations of K+ and Ca2+ on the clay exchange sites. The sorption of dichlobenil and, to a lesser extent monuron, increased with the fraction of K+ on clay mineral exchange sites, Ca- and K-SWy-2 displayed the same sorption capacities for nonpolar biphenyl. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that at lower fractions of K+-saturation, exchangeable K+ ions were randomly distributed in clay interlayers and did not enhance pesticide sorption. At higher populations of K+ (vs Ca2+), demixing occurred causing some clay interlayers, regions, or tactoids to become fully saturated by K+, manifesting greatly enhanced pesticide sorption. The forward and reverse cation exchange reactions influenced not only K+ and Ca2+ populations on clays but also the nanostructures of clay quasicrystals in aqueous solution which plays an important, if not dominant, role in controlling the extent of pesticide sorption. Modulating the cation type and composition on clay mineral surfaces through cation exchange processes provides an environmental-safe protocol to manipulate the mobility and availability of polar pesticides, which could have applications for pesticide formulation and in environmental remediation. C1 Michigan State Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Boyd, SA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM boyds@msu.edu RI Li, Hui/G-4055-2010; Boyd, Stephen/G-5819-2010; Laird, David/E-8598-2014; Johnston, Cliff/B-2215-2009 OI Li, Hui/0000-0003-3298-5265; Johnston, Cliff/0000-0002-8462-9724 NR 45 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 20 BP 5393 EP 5399 DI 10.1021/es0494555 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862VO UT WOS:000224519500025 PM 15543742 ER PT J AU Pardo, LH Kendall, C Pett-Ridge, J Chang, CCY AF Pardo, LH Kendall, C Pett-Ridge, J Chang, CCY TI Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using delta N-15 and delta O-18 in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interrelationships between Atmospheric Deposition and Landscape Features of Forest Catchments in Regulating Surface Water Biogeochemistry CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2001 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Geophys Union DE N-15; O-18; nitrate; nitrogen saturation ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION GRADIENT; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; HUBBARD-BROOK; SOIL-NITROGEN; NITROBACTER-AGILIS; FOLIAR CHEMISTRY; NEW-ENGLAND; N-15; OXYGEN AB The natural abundance of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate can be a powerful tool for identifying the source of nitrate in streamwater in forested watersheds, because the two main sources of nitrate, atmospheric deposition and microbial nitrification, have distinct delta(18)O values. Using a simple mixing model, we estimated the relative fractions in streamwater derived from these sources for two forested watersheds with markedly different streamwater nitrate outputs. In this study, we monitored delta(15)N and delta(18)O of nitrate biweekly in atmospheric deposition and in streamwater for 20 months at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA (moderate nitrogen export), and monthly in streamwater at the Bowl Research Natural Area, New Hampshire, USA (high nitrogen export). For rain, delta(18)O values ranged from +47 to +77parts per thousand (mean: +58parts per thousand) and delta(15)N from -5 to +1parts per thousand (mean: -3parts per thousand); for snow, delta(18)O values ranged from +52 to +75parts per thousand (mean: +67parts per thousand) and delta(15)N from -3 to +2parts per thousand (mean: -1parts per thousand). Streamwater nitrate, in contrast to deposition, had delta(18)O values between +12 and +33parts per thousand (mean: +18parts per thousand) and delta(15)N between -3 and +6parts per thousand (mean: 0parts per thousand). Since nitrate produced by nitrification typically has delta(18)O values ranging from -5 to +15parts per thousand, our field data suggest that most of the nitrate lost from the watersheds in streamflow was nitrified within the catchment. Our results confirm the importance of microbial nitrogen transformations in regulating nitrogen losses from forested ecosystems and suggest that hydrologic storage may be a factor in controlling catchment nitrate losses. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM lpardo@fs.fed.us NR 64 TC 82 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2699 EP 2712 DI 10.1002/hyp.5576 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 864AB UT WOS:000224603800007 ER PT J AU Robbins, RJ Schmidt, WF AF Robbins, RJ Schmidt, WF TI Optimized synthesis of four isotopically labeled (C-13-enriched) phenolic acids via a malonic acid condensation SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE stable isotope; phenolic acids; malonic acid condensation; C-13 labeled; hydroxycinnamic acids; IDMS; NMR; LC/MS; biochemical marker ID CINNAMIC-ACIDS AB Four isotopically (C-13)-labeled phenolic acids (caffeic [M+3], sinapic [M+2], p-cournaric [M+6] and ferulic [M+6] acids) were synthesized via a simple one-step malonic acid condensation with a series of aldehydes. The aldehydes and the malonic acid were variously labeled and unlabeled to vary the enriched sites. 13 C and(1)H NMR analyses together confirmed the labeled positions. LC/MS confirmed the masses. These acids are intended for use as internal standards for isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Qual Lab, BARC, W Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, BARC, E Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmidt, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Qual Lab, BARC, Bldlg 012, W Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM schmidtw@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 47 IS 11 BP 797 EP 806 DI 10.1002/jlcr.869 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 866LK UT WOS:000224774800008 ER PT J AU Marchant-Forde, RM Marchant-Forde, JN AF Marchant-Forde, RM Marchant-Forde, JN TI Pregnancy-related changes in behavior and cardiac activity in primiparous pigs SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE behavior; heart rate variability; HRV; pregnancy; gestation; pigs ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; POWER SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; MID-PREGNANCY; EXERCISE; STRESS; HEMODYNAMICS; ADJUSTMENTS; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; REFLEXES AB Pregnancy in mammals is a time of considerable physical, physiological and behavioral change necessary for the continuance of the gestation. Gestating pigs are often used in behavior and welfare studies; yet, there are little published data describing how pregnancy affects normal behavior and cardiac activity patterns. The objective of this work was to describe the longitudinal dynamics of cardiac activity and behavior during pregnancy in primiparous pigs (gilts). The behavior and cardiac activity of nine gilts were recorded on eight occasions at certain fixed time points during their pregnancy: 1-2 weeks before oestrus and mating (week - 1), 14 days postmating (week 2), and days 30 (week 4), 44 (week 6), 65 (week 9), 79 (week 11), 93 (week 13) and 107 (week 15) of pregnancy. Temporal changes in behavior patterns were present in all gilts over the course of gestation. Pretest levels of general activity progressively declined between weeks - 1 and 15, as indicated by a decrease in the proportion of observations spent rooting (p<0.001), walking (p<0.001) and standing (p<0.001). There was a corresponding increase in inactivity (p<0.001), and the proportion of time spent sleeping, as opposed to lying alert, increased also (p<0.001). Apart from RR-min and its corresponding HR-max indices, all time-domain parameters were influenced by the stage of gestation. Specifically, mean HR increased (p<0.001), whereas the root-mean-square of successive differences (RMSSD) and standard deviation (S.D.) decreased (p<0.001). Pregnancy further impacted the frequency domain measures of heart rate variability. From week -1 to 15, the absolute magnitude of Total power (p<0.001) decreased, HF power decreased (p<0.001) and LF power increased (p=0.004). In conclusion, pregnancy induced widespread changes in behavior and in sympathovagal regulation of cardiac activity in pigs that were reflected in both the time and frequency domain indices of heart rate variability analysis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Marchant-Forde, RM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, Poultry Sci Bldg,125 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM rmarcha1@purdue.edu RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 82 IS 5 BP 815 EP 825 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.06.021 PG 11 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 861TG UT WOS:000224440900006 PM 15451645 ER PT J AU Preusch, PL Takeda, F Tworkoski, TJ AF Preusch, PL Takeda, F Tworkoski, TJ TI N and P uptake by strawberry plants grown with composted poultry litter SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE composting; Fragaria x ananassa; nitrogen; phosphorus ID LOSS-ON-IGNITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN AB Composted poultry litter (CPL) can be used for horticultural crops as a source of organic matter and stabilized N. Recent studies indicated that P was not stabilized by composting and that excess P could be released into the environment when CPL was applied to land on N-based plant requirements. This experiment determined the effect of CPL and fresh poultry litter (FPL) from two sources on leaf N and P concentrations in strawberry plants grown in three soil types. Leaf N was higher in plants grown with FPL than CPL at 6 weeks after planting (WAP), but leaf N was not different by 12 WAR By 12 WAP strawberry plants grown in soils amended with CPL had higher leaf P than those grown in soils amended with FPL. Applying CPL on a plant N-use rate may contribute to over application of P and higher P uptake by strawberry plants. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hood Coll, Dept Biol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Tworkoski, TJ (reprint author), Hood Coll, Dept Biol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM ttworkos@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 1 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2003.12.005 PG 13 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 859BT UT WOS:000224237800008 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Howley, P Cohen, IK AF Edwards, JV Howley, P Cohen, IK TI In vitro inhibition of human neutrophil elastase by oleic acid albumin formulations from derivatized cotton wound dressings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE human neutrophil elastase; chronic wound dressing; oleic acid; albumin formulation; enzyme inhibition; inflammatory disease states ID LEUKOCYTE ELASTASE; FATTY-ACIDS; BINDING; PURIFICATION; ACTIVATION AB Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is elevated in chronic wounds. Oleic acid albumin formulations that inhibit HNE may be applicable to treatment modalities for chronic wounds. Oleic acid/albumin formulations with mole ratios of 100:1, 50:1, and 25:1 (oleic acid to albumin) were prepared and found to have dose response inhibition properties against HNE. The IC50 values for inhibition of HNE with oleic acid/albumin formulations were 0.029-0.049 muM. Oleic acid/albumin (BSA) formulations were bound to positively and negatively charged cotton wound dressings and assessed for elastase inhibition using a fiber bound formulation in an assay designed to mimic HNE inhibition in the wound. Cotton derivatized with both carboxylate and amine functional groups were combined with oleic acid/albumin formulations at a maximum loading of 0.030 mg oleic acid + 0.14 mg BSA/mg fiber. The IC50 values for inhibition of HNE with oleic acid/albumin formulations bound to derivatized cotton were 0.26-0.42 muM. Release of the oleic acid/albumin formulation from the fiber was measured by measuring oleic acid levels with quantitative GC analysis. Approximately, 35-50% of the fiber bound formulation was released into solution within the first 15 min of incubation. Albumin was found to enhance the rate of elastase hydrolysis of the substrate within a concentration range of 0.3-50 g/L. The acceleration of HNE substrate hydrolysis by albumin required increased concentration of inhibitor in the formulation to obtain complete inhibition of HNE. Oleic acid formulations prepared with albumin enable transport, solubility and promote dose response inhibition of HNE from derivatized cotton fibers under aqueous conditions mimicking the chronic wound. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Wound Healing Inst, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM vedwards@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5173 J9 INT J PHARM JI Int. J. Pharm. PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 284 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.06.003 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 864VQ UT WOS:000224661500001 PM 15454291 ER PT J AU Youngblood, A Max, T Coe, K AF Youngblood, A Max, T Coe, K TI Stand structure in eastside old-growth ponderosa pine forests of Oregon and northern California SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stand structure; old-growth forests; ponderosa pine; spatial point patterns; reference conditions; Ripley's K(d) function; functional data analysis ID PINE/DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; SPATIAL-PATTERN; EASTERN OREGON; RESTORATION; WASHINGTON; PRODUCTIVITY; VARIABILITY; COMPETITION; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPES AB Quantitative metrics of horizontal and vertical structural attributes in eastside old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. and C. Lawson var. ponderosa) forests were measured to guide the design of restoration prescriptions. The age. size structure, and the spatial patterns were investigated in old-growth ponderosa pine forests at three protected study areas east of the crest of the Cascade Range: Metolius Research Natural Area and Pringle Butte Research Natural Area in central Oregon and Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest in northern California. The three study areas represented sites characterized by deep accumulations of pumice from Cascade volcanism. All stems greater than or equal to 15 cm in height (minimum height of an established seedling) were mapped and measured on a total of 27 1-ha plots. The distribution of trees within each individual plot was investigated by second-order spatial analysis with Ripley's K(d) function, and then evaluated across each study area with functional data analysis. Coarse woody debris was sampled by using the strip-plot method to determine log density, mean log size, volume, and cover. The oldest trees were 618 years at Metolius, 613 years at Pringle Butte, and 330 years at Blacks Mountain. Stands were multi-aged, with as many as 16 cohorts at Metolius and 22 cohorts at Pringle Butte. Density of live old-growth ponderosa pine in the upper canopy ranged from 34 to 94 trees ha(-1) at Metolius, 35 to 79 trees ha(-1) at Pringle Butte, and 15 to 73 trees ha(-1) at Blacks Mountain; the differences between study areas were not significant, resulting in an overall mean density of 50 +/- 3.5 live old-growth trees ha(-1). Mean diameters of these old-growth trees did not differ among the three study areas; the overall mean was 60.0 +/- 1.55 cm dbh. Large dead ponderosa pines (overall mean diameter 61.7 +/- 4.33 cm) were a common feature at all three study areas; the overall mean density was 9.0 +/- 0.97 trees ha(-1). Ripley's K(d) analysis of spatial point patterns using upper canopy trees revealed significant departure from randomness in 24 of the 27 plots. Functional data analysis of the spatial relationship of all sample plots by study area revealed two strong patterns. At scales of 1.2 less than or equal to d less than or equal to 2.6 m at Metolius and 1.6 less than or equal to d less than or equal to 8.4 m at Blacks Mountain, the deviation from random was not significant, suggesting the distribution of old-growth trees was random. More important. significant positive deviation from complete spatial randomness at larger scales at Metolius and Blacks Mountain suggested a clumped distribution. Maximum radii of the clumps were about 22.5 m in diameter at Metolius and about 24 m in diameter at Blacks Mountain. In contrast, old-growth trees at Pringle Butte were randomly distributed. Density of logs at Metolius and Pringle Butte was 47.0 +/- 5.28 logs ha(-1), their mean large-end diameter was 37.6 +/- 2.41 cm. the mean length of each log was 4.2 +/- 0.09 m, the cumulative length of all logs averaged 512.9 +/- 78.12 m, the total volume averaged 62.3 +/- 6.30 m(3) ha(-1), and the cover averaged 1.7 +/- 0.08%. A majority of the logs were in an advanced stage of decomposition, suggesting that they were in place for considerable time. These results are discussed in the context of reference conditions for restoration of ecosystem health and ecological integrity in eastside ponderosa pine forests. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Youngblood, A (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekelerlane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM ayoungblood@fs.fed.us RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 87 TC 92 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 199 IS 2-3 BP 191 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.056 PG 27 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 858MY UT WOS:000224197100003 ER PT J AU Kraft, LS Crow, TR Buckley, DS Nauertz, EA Zasada, JC AF Kraft, LS Crow, TR Buckley, DS Nauertz, EA Zasada, JC TI Effects of harvesting and deer browsing on attributes of understory plants in northern hardwood forests, Upper Michigan, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE plants; biological diversity; deer; disturbance; forest harvest; herbivory ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; FRAGMENTED DECIDUOUS FORESTS; VEGETATION; WISCONSIN; MANAGEMENT; INTENSITY; IMPACTS AB Both forest harvesting and browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) affect the composition and structure of forest vegetation throughout the eastern deciduous forest in the United States. We studied their affect and their interaction by measuring the composition, richness, cover, physical stature, and reproductive potential of vascular plants in the understory of three thinned (uneven-aged, even-aged, managing for old-growth characteristics) and two unthinned (second-growth. old-growth) forests dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in western Upper Michigan. Based on measurements taken five years after deer exclosures were established, we found consistent and strong statistical differences in species richness and percent cover related to forest harvest but not to deer browse. Percent cover of the understory vegetation showed weakly significant interactions between deer browse and forest harvest. Thinned forests had a greater average richness and cover of graminoid species, average cover of wild red raspberry (Rubus strigosus L.) and sugar maple compared to unthinned forests. Measurements of plant morphology and the frequency of flowering and fruiting were more sensitive indicators of deer browse than community measurements such as richness and cover. Based on measures of physical stature and reproductive potential, sugar maple, red-berried elder (Sambucus racemosa L.), bluebead-lily (Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf.), small Solomon-seal (Polygonatum pubescens (Willd.) Pursh.), false Solomon-seal (Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf.), rosy twisted stalk (Streptopus roseus Michaux), and trillium species (Trillium grandiflorum (Michaux) Salisb. and T cernuum L.) all experienced significant browse damage. A better understanding of the interaction between forest harvest and deer browse and their effect on community composition and structure is critical to maintaining and enhancing biodiversity in managed northern hardwood forests. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Crow, TR (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. EM tcrow@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 199 IS 2-3 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.044 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 858MY UT WOS:000224197100004 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL Horn, S Kilgo, JC Moorman, CE AF Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL Horn, S Kilgo, JC Moorman, CE TI Spatial and temporal patterns of beetles associated with coarse woody debris in managed bottomland hardwood forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coarse woody debris; saproxylic; woodborers; Cerambycidae; Buprestidae; bark beetles; Cleridae ID ECOLOGY; VOLATILES; ETHANOL; STANDS AB Malaise traps were used to sample beetles in artificial canopy gaps of different size (0.13 ha, 0.26 ha, and 0.50 ha) and age in a South Carolina bottomland hardwood forest. Traps were placed at the center, edge, and in the surrounding forest of each gap. Young gaps (similar to1 year) had large amounts of coarse woody debris compared to the surrounding forest, while older gaps (similar to6 years) had virtually none. The total abundance and diversity of wood-dwelling beetles (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Brentidae, Bostrichidae, and Curculionidae (Scolytinae and Platypodinae)) was higher in the center of young gaps than in the center of old gaps. The abundance was higher in the center of young gaps than in the surrounding forest, while the forest surrounding old gaps and the edge of old gaps had a higher abundance and diversity of wood-dwelling beetles than did the center of old gaps. There was no difference in wood-dwelling beetle abundance between gaps of different size, but diversity was lower in 0.13 ha old gaps than in 0.26 ha or 0.50 ha old gaps. We suspect that gap size has more of an effect on woodborer abundance than indicated here because malaise traps sample a limited area. The predaceous beetle family Cleridae showed a very similar trend to that of the woodborers. Coarse woody debris is an important resource for many organisms, and our results lend further support to forest management practices that preserve coarse woody debris created during timber removal. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 199 IS 2-3 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.046 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 858MY UT WOS:000224197100007 ER PT J AU Ganey, JL Vojta, SC AF Ganey, JL Vojta, SC TI Characteristics of snags containing excavated cavities in northern Arizona mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; cavities; cavity-nesting birds; Gambel oak; mixed-conifer; ponderosa pine; quaking aspen; snags ID NESTING BIRDS; SITE SELECTION; FIRE AB Snags provide an important resource for a rich assemblage of cavity-nesting birds in the southwestern United States. To expand our knowledge of snag use by cavity-nesting birds in this region, we documented characteristics of snags with and without excavated cavities in mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) forest in north-central Arizona. Snags were sampled in 113 square plots (1 ha each) randomly located within a study area covering approximately 73,000 ha across two National Forests. Density of snags was three times greater in mixed-conifer forest (n = 53 plots) than in ponderosa pine forest (n = 60 plots), but density of snags containing cavities and overall cavity density did not differ between forest types. In both forest types, snags containing cavities were larger in diameter and retained less bark cover than snags without cavities. Most cavities were in ponderosa pine and Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii Nutt.) snags, and most were in snags in advanced decay classes with broken tops. Our results are largely consistent with previous results from ponderosa pine forest, but differ from previous studies that documented heavy use of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux) by cavity nesters in mixed-conifer forest. These results support management to protect and recruit large snags well distributed across the landscape. The relatively high use of ponderosa pine and Gambel oak snags in both forest types suggests that recruitment of large pine and oak snags should be emphasized, and previous studies suggest emphasizing aspen recruitment as well. This may require special management efforts in mixed-conifer forest. These species are relatively shade-intolerant seral species in this forest type, and are apparently declining in this forest type due to fire-suppression efforts and resultant patterns of ecological succession. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ganey, JL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jganey@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 199 IS 2-3 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.042 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 858MY UT WOS:000224197100011 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Laseter, BR Ford, WM Miller, KV AF Campbell, TA Laseter, BR Ford, WM Miller, KV TI Movements of female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in relation to timber harvests in the central Appalachians SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE clearcuts; movement; regeneration; timber harvest; white-tailed deer ID HOME-RANGE; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; ELK AB Deer movements in relation to timber harvests have not been studied within nonmigratory white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations. We compared home range and core area size and overlap, deer movements during timber harvests, and habitat use before and after harvests for deer associated and not associated with clearcuts. We radio-monitored 83 adult female deer pre- (3 months prior to), during, and post- (3 months after) timber harvest. Change in home range and core area size and overlap did not differ between control deer (home ranges comprised entirely of mature forest during all time periods) and treatment deer ( greater than or equal to 1 telemetry location within a harvested stand during any time period). During timber harvests, treatment deer were located outside their pre-harvest home ranges more often than control deer and generally were located closer to clearcuts than in other time periods. During both the pre- and post-timber harvest time periods, deer used clearcut habitats (stands less than or equal to 5 years-old) in greater proportion than availability. Lack of significant changes in white-tailed deer movements before, during, and after timber harvest suggests habitat management aimed at attracting deer away from problem areas (e.g., areas with low regeneration success) or toward browse supplies during severe winters would likely be unsuccessful in the central Appalachians of West Virginia. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM tcampbell@smokey.forestry.uga.edu NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 199 IS 2-3 BP 371 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.051 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 858MY UT WOS:000224197100014 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Strong, CA Dang, PM Hunter, WB Pereira, RM Oi, DH Shapiro, AM Williams, DF AF Valles, SM Strong, CA Dang, PM Hunter, WB Pereira, RM Oi, DH Shapiro, AM Williams, DF TI A picorna-like virus from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta: initial discovery, genome sequence, and characterization SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; picorna-like virus; RNA virus; genome sequence ID STRAND RNA VIRUSES; PARALYSIS VIRUS; HONEY-BEE; THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE; SACBROOD VIRUS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; PATHOGENS; SITE; DNA AB We report the first discovery and genome sequence of a virus infecting the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. The 8026 nucleotide, polyadenylated, RNA genome encoded two large open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2), flanked and separated by 27, 223, and 171 nucleotide untranslated regions, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence of the 5' proximal ORFl (nucleotides 28 to 4218) exhibited significant identity and possessed consensus sequences characteristic of the helicase, cysteine protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequence motifs from picornaviruses, picorna-like viruses, comoviruses, caliciviruses, and sequiviruses. The predicted amino acid sequence of the 3' proximal ORF2 (nucleotides 4390-7803) showed similarity to structural proteins in picorna-like viruses, especially the acute bee paralysis virus. Electron microscopic examination of negatively stained samples from virus-infected fire ants revealed isometric particles with a diameter of 31 nm, consistent with Picornaviridae. A survey for the fire ant virus from areas around Florida revealed a pattern of fairly widespread distribution. Among 168 nests surveyed, 22.9% were infected. The virus was found to infect all fire ant caste members and developmental stages, including eggs, early (1st-2nd) and late (3rd-4th) instars, worker pupae, workers, sexual pupae, alates (male and female), and queens. The virus, tentatively named S. invicta virus (SINV-1), appears to belong to the picorna-like viruses. We did not observe any perceptible symptoms among infected nests in the field. However, in every case where an SINV-1-infected colony was excavated from the field with an inseminated queen and held in the laboratory, all of the brood in these colonies died within 3 months. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM svalles@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Pereira, Roberto/B-5008-2010 OI Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690 NR 32 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.07.016 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 857LE UT WOS:000224117300015 PM 15380366 ER PT J AU Li, HR Gonzalez-Cabrera, J Oppert, B Ferre, J Higgins, RA Buschman, LL Radke, GA Zhu, KY Huang, FN AF Li, HR Gonzalez-Cabrera, J Oppert, B Ferre, J Higgins, RA Buschman, LL Radke, GA Zhu, KY Huang, FN TI Binding analyses of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac with membrane vesicles from Bacillus thuringiensis-resistant and -susceptible Ostrinia nubilalis SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry1Ab; Cry1Ac; surface plasmon resonance; European corn borer; Ostrinia nubilalis; resistance mechanisms ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; MOTH PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; INDIANMEAL MOTH; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA AB The binding properties of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins to brush border membrane vesicles of Dipel-resistant and -susceptible Ostrinia nubilalis larvae were compared using ligand-toxin immunoblot analysis, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and radiolabeled toxin binding assays. In ligand-toxin immunoblot analysis, the number of CrylAb or CrylAc toxin binding proteins and the relative toxin binding intensity were similar in vesicles from resistant and susceptible larvae. Surface plasmon resonance with immobilized activated CrylAb toxin indicated that there were no significant differences in binding with fluid-phase vesicles from resistant and susceptible larvae. Homologous competition assays with radiolabeled CrylAb and CrylAc toxin and vesicles from resistant and susceptible larvae resulted in similar toxin dissociation constants and binding site concentrations. Heterologous competition binding assays indicated that CrylAb and CrylAc completely competed for binding, thus they share binding sites in the epithelium of the larval midguts of O. nubilalis. Overall, the binding analyses indicate that resistance to CrylAb and CrylAc in this Bt-resistant strain of O. nubilalis is not associated with a loss of toxin binding. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Valencia, Dept Genet, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Univ Biotechnol Microchem Core Facil, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu RI Ferre, Juan/L-9426-2014; Gonzalez-Cabrera, Joel/B-2279-2013 OI Ferre, Juan/0000-0001-5535-0612; Gonzalez-Cabrera, Joel/0000-0002-8338-370X NR 35 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 323 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.054 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 855HY UT WOS:000223965300009 PM 15351700 ER PT J AU Snelling, WM Gautier, M Keele, JW Smith, TPL Stone, RT Harhay, GP Bennett, GL Ihara, N Takasuga, A Takeda, H Sugimoto, Y Eggen, A AF Snelling, WM Gautier, M Keele, JW Smith, TPL Stone, RT Harhay, GP Bennett, GL Ihara, N Takasuga, A Takeda, H Sugimoto, Y Eggen, A TI Integrating linkage and radiation hybrid mapping data for bovine chromosome 15 SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE MAP; GENETIC-LINKAGE; MOUSE GENOME; SEQUENCE; CATTLE; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-11; RECOMBINATION; CONSTRUCTION; TENDERNESS; GROWTH AB Background: Bovine chromosome (BTA) 15 contains a quantitative trait loci (QTL) for meat tenderness, as well as several breaks in synteny with human chromosome (HSA) 11. Both linkage and radiation hybrid ( RH) maps of BTA 15 are available, but the linkage map lacks gene-specific markers needed to identify genes underlying the QTL, and the gene-rich RH map lacks associations with marker genotypes needed to define the QTL. Integrating the maps will provide information to further explore the QTL as well as refine the comparative map between BTA 15 and HSA 11. A recently developed approach to integrating linkage and RH maps uses both linkage and RH data to resolve a consensus marker order, rather than aligning independently constructed maps. Automated map construction procedures employing this maximum-likelihood approach were developed to integrate BTA RH and linkage data, and establish comparative positions of BTA 15 markers with HSA 11 homologs. Results: The integrated BTA 15 map represents 145 markers; 42 shared by both data sets, 36 unique to the linkage data and 67 unique to RH data. Sequence alignment yielded comparative positions for 77 bovine markers with homologs on HSA 11. The map covers approximately 32% of HSA 11 sequence in five segments of conserved synteny, another 15% of HSA 11 is shared with BTA 29. Bovine and human order are consistent in portions of the syntenic segments, but some rearrangement is apparent. Comparative positions of gene markers near the meat tenderness QTL indicate the region includes separate segments of HSA 11. The two microsatellite markers flanking the QTL peak are between defined syntenic segments. Conclusions: Combining data to construct an integrated map not only consolidates information from different sources onto a single map, but information contributed from each data set increases the accuracy of the map. Comparison of bovine maps with well annotated human sequence can provide useful information about genes near mapped bovine markers, but bovine gene order may be different than human. Procedures to connect genetic and physical mapping data, build integrated maps for livestock species, and connect those maps to more fully annotated sequence can be automated, facilitating the maintenance of up-to-date maps, and providing a valuable tool to further explore genetic variation in livestock. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. INRA, CRJ, Lab Genet & Biochem, Dept Anim Genet,Biochem Genet & Cytogenet Unit, F-78350 Jouy En Josas, France. Livestock Technol Assoc Japan, Shirakawa Inst Anim Genet, Fukushima, Japan. RP Snelling, WM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM snelling@email.marc.usda.gov; gautier@diamant.jouy.inra.fr; keele@email.marc.usda.gov; smith@email.marc.usda.gov; stone@email.marc.usda.gov; harhay@email.marc.usd.gov; bennett@email.marc.usda.gov; ihara@siag.or.jp; takasuga@siag.or.jp; htakeda@ulg.ac.be; kazusugi@siag.or.jp; eggen@diamant.jouy.inra.fr RI gautier, mathieu/F-7429-2010 OI gautier, mathieu/0000-0001-7257-5880 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 5 AR 77 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-5-77 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 868TJ UT WOS:000224935600001 PM 15473903 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, TA Lippolis, JD Shull, GE Horst, RL AF Reinhardt, TA Lippolis, JD Shull, GE Horst, RL TI Null mutation in the gene encoding plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase isoform 2 impairs calcium transport into milk SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CA2+ PUMP; MAMMARY-GLAND; SPERM MOTILITY; MALE-FERTILITY; RAT; EXPRESSION; SECRETION; CELLS; ANTIBODIES; PROTEINS AB The means by which calcium is transported into the milk produced by mammary glands is a poorly understood process. One hypothesis is that it occurs during exocytosis of secretory products via the Golgi pathway, consistent with the observation that the SPCA1 Ca2+-ATPase, which is expressed in the Golgi, is induced in lactating mammary tissue. However, massive up-regulation of the PMCA2bw plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase also occurs during lactation and is more strongly correlated with increases in milk calcium, suggesting that calcium may be secreted directly via this pump. To examine the physiological role of PMCA2bw in lactation we compared lactating PMCA2-null mice to heterozygous and wild-type mice. Relative expression levels of individual milk proteins were unaffected by genotype. However, milk from PMCA2-null mice had 60% less calcium than milk from heterozygous and wild-type mice, the total milk protein concentration was lower, and an indirect measure of milk production ( litter weights) suggested that the PMCA2-null mice produce significantly less milk. In contrast, lactose was higher in milk from PMCA2-null mice during early lactation, but by day 12 of lactation there were no differences in milk lactose between the three genotypes. These data demonstrate that the activity of PMCA2bw is required for secretion of much of the calcium in milk. This major secretory function represents a novel biological role for the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPases, which are generally regarded as premier regulators of intracellular Ca2+. C1 USDA ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Reinhardt, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM treinhar@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL61974] NR 38 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 41 BP 42369 EP 42373 DI 10.1074/jbc.M407788200 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 858XQ UT WOS:000224226400006 PM 15302868 ER PT J AU Bawa, KS Kress, WJ Nadkarni, NM Lele, S Raven, PH Janzen, DH Lugo, AE Ashton, PS Lovejoy, TE AF Bawa, KS Kress, WJ Nadkarni, NM Lele, S Raven, PH Janzen, DH Lugo, AE Ashton, PS Lovejoy, TE TI Tropical ecosystems into the 21st century SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Ashoka Trust Res Ecol & Environm, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, Peoples R China. Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. Ctr Interdisciplinary Studies Environm & Dev, Bangalore 560072, Karnataka, India. Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. Harvard Univ Hebaria, Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. H John Heinz III Ctr Sci Econ & Environm, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Bawa, KS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM kamal.bawa@umb.edu OI Bawa, Kamal/0000-0001-6174-9777 NR 4 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5694 BP 227 EP 228 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 861MC UT WOS:000224419700016 PM 15472058 ER PT J AU Chamorro-Lacayo, ML Konstantinov, AS AF Chamorro-Lacayo, ML Konstantinov, AS TI Morphology of the prothorax and procoxa in the New World Cryptocephalini (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Cryptocephalinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article AB The comparative morphology of the prothorax and procoxae of New World Cryptocephalini was studied based on representatives of 11 of the 13 genera of the tribe. This study revealed a set of characters of obvious diagnostic and possible phylogenetic value supporting the currently accepted generic classification and two subtribes instead of the three currently recognized. Two general types of prothoracies were found, the first occurring in Cryptocephalina and Monachulina and the second in Pachybrachina. Previously undescribed for Polyphaga, a monocondylic joint between the coxa and trochantin, was found in all the genera studied. Possible movement of the trochanter, including the transfer of advance movement into rotation, is described and illustrated. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Chamorro-Lacayo, ML (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cham0138@umn.edu; akon-stan@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 8 PY 2004 IS 676 BP 1 EP 46 PG 46 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 877KI UT WOS:000225567900001 ER PT J AU Karhadkar, SS Bova, GS Abdallah, N Dhara, S Gardner, D Maitra, A Isaacs, JT Berman, DM Beachy, PA AF Karhadkar, SS Bova, GS Abdallah, N Dhara, S Gardner, D Maitra, A Isaacs, JT Berman, DM Beachy, PA TI Hedgehog signalling in prostate regeneration, neoplasia and metastasis SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT PROTEIN; SONIC-HEDGEHOG; STEM-CELLS; SUPPRESSOR GENE; CANCER; GROWTH; INHIBITION; RAT; DIFFERENTIATION; PROLIFERATION AB Metastatic cancers adopt certain properties of normal cells in developing or regenerating organs, such as the ability to proliferate and alter tissue organization. We find here that activity of the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway, which has essential roles in developmental patterning(1-6), is required for regeneration of prostate epithelium, and that continuous pathway activation transforms prostate progenitor cells and renders them tumorigenic. Elevated pathway activity furthermore distinguishes metastatic from localized prostate cancer, and pathway manipulation can modulate invasiveness and metastasis. Pathway activity is triggered in response to endogenous expression of Hh ligands, and is dependent upon the expression of Smoothened, an essential Hh response component(1,2,7) that is not expressed in benign prostate epithelial cells. Monitoring and manipulating Hh pathway activity may thus offer significant improvements in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers with metastatic potential. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Berman, DM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dberman@jhmi.edu; pbeachy@jhmi.edu NR 32 TC 668 Z9 728 U1 1 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 431 IS 7009 BP 707 EP 712 DI 10.1038/nature02962 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 859WS UT WOS:000224299300045 PM 15361885 ER PT J AU Buttery, RG Takeoka, GR AF Buttery, RG Takeoka, GR TI Some unusual minor volatile components of tomato SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tomato; volatiles; pentyl nitrate; 5-ethyl-2(5 H)-furanone; 5-ethylcyclopentene-1-carbaldehyde ID AROMA AB The identities and possible origins of three minor unusual volatile components of tomato are discussed. These are pentyl nitrate, the first identification of a volatile alkyl nitrate in a fresh vegetable or fruit; 5-ethyl-2(5H)-furanone, which, besides its presence in tomato, was found to be a major autoxidation product of pure (2)-3-hexenal; and 5-ethylcyclopentene-1-carbaldehyde, a likely unusual linolenic acid oxidation product. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Buttery, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM rgb@pw.usda.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 20 BP 6264 EP 6266 DI 10.1021/jf040176a PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 858SM UT WOS:000224212000033 PM 15453697 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE Jarosz, AM Plattner, RD Alexander, NJ Brown, DW Jurgenson, JE AF Desjardins, AE Jarosz, AM Plattner, RD Alexander, NJ Brown, DW Jurgenson, JE TI Patterns of trichothecene production, genetic variability, and virulence to wheat of Fusarium graminearum from smallholder farms in Nepal SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trichothecenes; fusarium; wheat head blight; Triticum aestivum ID NIVALENOL-PRODUCING CHEMOTYPES; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; MYCOTOXINS; DEOXYNIVALENOL; ZEARALENONE; DIVERSITY; BARLEY; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; IDENTIFICATION AB Fusarium graminearum causes wheat head blight and contaminates grain with the trichothecenes 4-deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. Sequence analysis of trichothecene genes indicates that nivalenol production is the ancestral trait; however, deoxynivalenol producers occur worldwide and predominate in North and South America and in Europe. Analysis of a large field population (>500 strains) from Nepal identified three groups that were both genetically distinct and polymorphic for trichothecene production: SCAR1 comprising 95% deoxynivalenol producers, SCAR2 comprising 94% nivalenol producers, and SCAR3/5 comprising 34% deoxynivalenol producers/63% nivalenol producers. The ability to cause wheat head blight differed between SCAR groups and trichothecene chemotypes: deoxynivalenol producers were more virulent than nivalenol producers across all three SCAR groups and within the SCAR3/5 genetic background. These data support the hypothesis that production of deoxynivalenol rather than nivalenol confers a selective advantage to this important wheat pathogen. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ No Iowa, Dept Biol, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM desjarae@ncaur.usda.gov NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 20 BP 6341 EP 6346 DI 10.1021/jf040181e PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 858SM UT WOS:000224212000047 PM 15453711 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ Willett, JL AF Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ Willett, JL TI Interfacial adhesion in model bioblends SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE asymmetric double cantilever beam fracture; bioblend; biodegradable polyester; interfacial adhesion; critical strain energy release rate ID PS-PMMA COPOLYMER; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; IMMISCIBLE POLYMERS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; SUSTAINED-RELEASE; BLENDS; POLYSTYRENE; GENTAMICIN; TENSION; POLYCAPROLACTONE AB Model bioblends were investigated for interfacial adhesion using the asymmetric double cantilever beam (ADCB) fracture method. The model bioblends comprised two synthetic polymer components, one of which was the nonbiodegradable polymer polystyrene (PS). The second component was a synthetic biodegradable polyester, which was either polycaprolactone (PCL) or Eastar Bio Copolyester(R) (EBU). The critical strain energy release rate (G(lc)) data from the ADCB fracture experiments on the model bioblends decreased in the order: PCL/PS > EBU/PS. This was opposite to the reported order in the interfacial tension of these bioblends. It is concluded that the relative interfacial adhesion of the model bioblends was due to better compatibility in PCL/PS blends over that in EBU/PS blends. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM biresawg@ncaur.usda.gov NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 94 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1002/app.20728 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 848HZ UT WOS:000223459500007 ER PT J AU Trout, JM Santin, M Greiner, E Fayer, R AF Trout, JM Santin, M Greiner, E Fayer, R TI Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE giardia spp; prevalence; calves; PCR; genotype ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP.; FARM-ANIMALS; INFECTION; SAMPLES; GENE AB To determine the prevalence of Giardia genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves, fecal samples were collected from a minimum of 18, 1-7-week-old dairy calves per farm on two farms each in the states of Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. Samples cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using CsCl density gradient centrifugation were stained and examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and also subjected to PCR and gene sequence analysis. Prevalence by PCR ranged from 9% on a farm in Pennsylvania to 93% on a farm in Vermont, with an average prevalence for 407 calves on 14 farms of 40%. Gene sequence analysis of the TPI, beta-giardin and 16S rRNA genes revealed 85% of the positive samples to be Assemblage E, while 15% were Assemblage A, although the percentages of these genotypes varied greatly from farm to farm. Some farms had no Assemblage A Giardia. Thus, while a majority of the calves were infected with a genotype that is not known to be infectious for humans, calves on 7 of 14 farms did harbor Assemblage A Giardia. Calves should be considered as a potential source of human infectious cysts in the environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Trout, JM (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jtrout@anti.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 124 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.07.010 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 859UG UT WOS:000224292800005 PM 15381298 ER PT J AU Kramer, K Schaudien, D Marchetti, L Eisel, U Richt, J Baumgartner, W Herden, C AF Kramer, K Schaudien, D Marchetti, L Eisel, U Richt, J Baumgartner, W Herden, C TI Effect of TNFa-overexpression in the CNS of mice infected with the neurotropic Borna disease virus SO ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the German-Society-of-Neuropathology-and-Neuroanatomy CY SEP 22-25, 2004 CL Cologne, GERMANY SP German Soc Neuropathol & Neuroanat C1 Tierarztlichen Hsch Hannover, Inst Pathol, D-3000 Hannover, Germany. Inst Zellbiol & Immunol, Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Groningen, Dept Mol Neurobiol, Groningen, Netherlands. Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-6322 J9 ACTA NEUROPATHOL JI Acta Neuropathol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 108 IS 4 BP 364 EP 364 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 859FV UT WOS:000224249700062 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Fisher, DR Carey, A Szprengiel, A AF Joseph, JA Fisher, DR Carey, A Szprengiel, A TI The M3 muscarinic receptor i3 domain confers oxidative stress protection on calcium regulation in transfected COS-7 cells SO AGING CELL LA English DT Article DE calcium regulation; chimeric; COS-7 cells; dopamine; muscarinic receptor; oxidative stress ID MUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; 3RD INTRACELLULAR LOOP; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; HUMAN BRAIN; BINDING-SITES; UP-REGULATION; RAT-BRAIN; DOPAMINE; EXPRESSION; MECHANISMS AB Evidence suggests that muscarinic receptors (MAChRs) are involved in various aspects of neuronal and vascular functioning, and that there is selective oxidative stress sensitivity (OSS) among MAChR subtypes. COS-7 cells transfected with M1, M2 and M4 subtypes show greater OSS than the M1 and M3 subtypes, as seen by the decreased ability of cells to extrude or sequester calcium (Ca2+) following exposure to dopamine (DA) or Abeta 25-35, and depolarization by oxotremorine. We sought to determine which receptor domain may be responsible for the differential vulnerability to OS between 'OS-sensitive' (M1) and 'non-sensitive' (M3) subtypes. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of each receptor has shown that the third cytoplasmic loop (i3 loop) is the domain with the most variability between the two subtypes. Therefore, mutations were made by either deleting or exchanging the i3 loop of M1 and M3 receptors. Experiments revealed that deletions of the i3 loop increased DA sensitivity (a lower percentage of cells showing recovery of [Ca2+](i) following depolarization) in both receptors. Chimerics of M1 in which the i3 loop of the M3 was exchanged with the i3 loop of the M1 (M1M3i3) showed that DA sensitivity was reduced (a greater percentage of cells showing increases in calcium clearance) following depolarization. The M3 chimerics containing the M1 i3l loop (M3M1i3) offered no protection against DA-induced decrements in calcium buffering. Results suggest that the longer i3 loop of the M3 may decrease OSS, possibly playing a role in targeting antioxidants to specific receptor sites that impart OSS. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tufts.edu NR 47 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-9718 J9 AGING CELL JI Aging Cell PD OCT PY 2004 VL 3 IS 5 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1111/j.1474-9728.2004.00123.x PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 860FO UT WOS:000224328100006 PM 15379850 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR Bean, B Xie, Y Chen, PY AF Kiniry, JR Bean, B Xie, Y Chen, PY TI Maize yield potential: critical processes and simulation modeling in a high-yielding environment SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; AVHRR DATA; SORGHUM; SATELLITE; PRODUCTIVITY; TEXAS; CORN AB Understanding processes of maize (Zea mays L.) growth and production of grain in high-yielding, irrigated conditions offers hope to understand yield potential in many other environments. In this study we investigated such processes at the plant level, and attempted to simulate maize yields at the field level and county level in the high yielding region of the High Plains of Texas. in addition, we used the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from satellite data of year 2000 to update leaf area index for yield simulation in three counties. In the field study, we measured maize leaf area index (LAI), the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted (FIPAR), and the harvest index (HI) in irrigated plots near Dumas, Texas. The light extinction coefficient (k) for Beer's law was calculated with the FIPAR and the LAI. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was determined with sequential measurements of the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted and biomass harvests. The RUE was 3.98 g of above-ground biomass per MJ of intercepted PAR in 1999 and 3.41 in 2000 for three sampling dates prior to silking. These values are 106 and 93% of the expected RUE values at the measured vapor pressure deficits, using a previously published response function. The mean k value was -0.46 in 1999 and -0.47 in 2000, similar to the expected value of -0.43 reported in the literature for this row spacing. The mean HI measured in 2000 was 0.52, similar to values of 0.53 and 0.54 in the literature. Application of these parameters to maize simulation with the Agriculture Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) model for 13 center pivot irrigated fields near Dumas in 1999 provided simulations within 1.0 Mg ha(-1) with a mean error of 0.03 Mg ha(-1) and a mean square error of 0.10. For five years of grain yields reported for each of four counties in this region of Texas, ALMANAC simulations were within 5% of the mean measured yields. Introduction of PAR interception, based on the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), into ALMANAC resulted in slight increases in accuracy of yield prediction for two counties and a slight decrease in accuracy in one county for year 2000. Consistency in values of RUE, k, and HI in this study as compared with values reported in the literature will aid modelers simulating maize growth and grain yields in similar high-yielding, irrigated conditions. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Amarillo, TX USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Temple, TX 76508 USA. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jkiniry@jpa.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2003.11.006 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 852CU UT WOS:000223733600004 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JFS Janick, J AF Ferreira, JFS Janick, J TI Allelopathic plants. XVI. Artemisia species SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; Artemisia annua; A. californica; A. princeps; A. tridentala; A. vulgaris; secondary metabolites ID METHYL JASMONATE; ANNUA; CALIFORNICA; GERMINATION; SUBSTANCES; ORIENTALIS; SAGEBRUSH; TOBACCO; ACT AB The allelopathic effects of Artemisia annua, A. californica, A. princeps var. orientalis, A. tridentata, and A. vulgaris are reviewed. Naturally produced allelopathic compounds that reach target species via natural methods of dissemination (air, soil, and rain) are emphasized. Possible modes of action for allelopathic compounds synthesized by Artemisia species are discussed. C1 USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Ferreira, JFS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, 1165 Hort Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jorge.ferreira@ars.usda.gov; janick@purdue.edu OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 18 PU INT ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION PI HISAR PA 9/12 CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIV, HISAR 125 004, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 899KQ UT WOS:000227143700002 ER PT J AU Rice, ND Winston, ML Higo, HA AF Rice, ND Winston, ML Higo, HA TI Integrated Pest Management for the parasitic mite Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) in colonies of honey bees (Apis mellifera) SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; Apis mellifera; Integrated Pest Management; hygienic queens ID THYMOL-BASED MITICIDE; ACARAPIS-WOODI ACARI; HYGIENIC BEHAVIOR; JACOBSONI ACARI; FORMIC-ACID; GEL FORMULATION; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; RESISTANCE; COUMAPHOS AB The parasitic mite Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) threatens honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations world-wide. V destructor are developing resistance to the primary acaricides fluvalinate and coumaphos currently used for control, and the need for alternative management methods is critical. Previous studies have shown that botanical oils, especially thymol, can be effective although variable management tools. Non-chemical control methods also have some effect on V destructor populations when used alone, but the efficacy of these methods when used in combination has not been examined. In this experiment, the single-chemical control systems of 1) Apistan in the spring and fall and 2) thymol-infused florist block in the spring and fall, were compared with a mixed IPM (MIPM) system of 3) thymol in the spring and fall, hygienic bees, and modified bottom boards, and two rotational IPM systems (RIPM) of 4) thymol in the spring and apistan in the fall or 5) Apistan in the spring and thymol in the fall. Adult bee population, brood area, mite population, honey production, and colony loss over the period of the experiment were measured to determine overall colony health and treatment impact. During the 24 months that the IPM experiment was conducted, there were no large differences in adult bee population, brood area and honey production between any of the treatments, although by the end of the experiment replicate numbers were too low to allow for statistical analysis. Colony loss was not significant between treatments. A cost analysis is provided to help beekeepers decide which components of an IPM program may best fit into their colony management schemes. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, BRL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Rice, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, BRL, Room 111,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ricen@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 14 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 144 IS 10 BP 791 EP 795 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855VX UT WOS:000224004100021 ER PT J AU Harris, JW Rinderer, TE AF Harris, JW Rinderer, TE TI Varroa resistance of hybrid ARS Russian honey bees SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FAR-EASTERN RUSSIA; ACARAPIS-WOODI; DESTRUCTOR AB The varroa resistance(2) of several genetic crosses utilizing ARS Russian honey bees was tested in Alabama during 2001. Bee stocks included pure ARS Russian (Russian queens x Russian drones), commercial (commercial queens x commercial drones), Russian hybrids (commercial queens x Russian drones), and SMR-Russian hybrids [(queens bred for the suppression of mite reproduction trait) x Russian drones]. The varroa resistance of Russian hybrids was intermediate to that of pure ARS Russian and commercial stocks. This suggests that Russian hybrids may offer some varroa resistance, but pure ARS Russian stock should be used to achieve the maximum varroa resistance that is currently available in Russian bees. The lowest growth of mite populations occurred in the SMR-Russian hybrids. This may suggest that resistance genes from the two parental types combine in an additive manner, but we cannot be sure because pure SMR bees (SMR queens x SMR drones) were not included in the study. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Harris, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 144 IS 10 BP 797 EP 800 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 855VX UT WOS:000224004100022 ER PT J AU Lutzoni, F Kauff, F Cox, CJ McLaughlin, D Celio, G Dentinger, B Padamsee, M Hibbett, D James, TY Baloch, E Grube, M Reeb, V Hofstetter, V Schoch, C Arnold, AE Miadlikowska, J Spatafora, J Johnson, D Hambleton, S Crockett, M Shoemaker, R Hambleton, S Crockett, M Shoemaker, R Sung, GH Lucking, R Lumbsch, T O'Donnell, K Binder, M Diederich, P Ertz, D Gueidan, C Hansen, K Harris, RC Hosaka, K Lim, YW Matheny, B Nishida, H Pfister, D Rogers, J Rossman, A Schmitt, I Sipman, H Stone, J Sugiyama, J Yahr, R Vilgalys, R AF Lutzoni, F Kauff, F Cox, CJ McLaughlin, D Celio, G Dentinger, B Padamsee, M Hibbett, D James, TY Baloch, E Grube, M Reeb, V Hofstetter, V Schoch, C Arnold, AE Miadlikowska, J Spatafora, J Johnson, D Hambleton, S Crockett, M Shoemaker, R Hambleton, S Crockett, M Shoemaker, R Sung, GH Lucking, R Lumbsch, T O'Donnell, K Binder, M Diederich, P Ertz, D Gueidan, C Hansen, K Harris, RC Hosaka, K Lim, YW Matheny, B Nishida, H Pfister, D Rogers, J Rossman, A Schmitt, I Sipman, H Stone, J Sugiyama, J Yahr, R Vilgalys, R TI Assembling the fungal tree of life: Progress, classification and evolution of subcellular traits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE fungal classification; fungal morphology and ultrastructure; fungal phylogenetics; fungal systematics; mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (mitSSU rDNA); nuclear small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (nucSSU and nucLSU rDNA); RNA polymerase subunit (RPB2) ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; SEPTAL PORE APPARATUS; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; PARTIAL BETA-TUBULIN; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MITOCHONDRIAL SEQUENCES; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; RDNA SEQUENCES; DATA SETS; SSU RDNA AB Based on an overview of progress in molecular systematics of the true fungi (Fungi/Eumycota) since 1990, little overlap was found among single-locus data matrices, which explains why no large-scale multilocus phylogenetic analysis had been undertaken to reveal deep relationships among fungi. As part of the project "Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life" (AFTOL), results of four Bayesian analyses are reported with complementary bootstrap assessment of phylogenetic confidence based on (1) a combined two-locus data set (nucSSU and nucLSU rDNA) with 558 species representing all traditionally recognized fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota) and the Glomeromycota, (2) a combined three-locus data set (nucSSU, nucLSU, and mitSSU rDNA) with 236 species, (3) a combined three-locus data set (nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, and RPB2) with 157 species, and (4) a combined four-locus data set (nucSSU, nucLSU, mitSSU rDNA, and RPB2) with 103 species. Because of the lack of complementarity among single-locus data sets, the last three analyses included only members of the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The four-locus analysis resolved multiple deep relationships within the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota that were not revealed previously or that received only weak support in previous studies. The impact of this newly discovered phylogenetic structure on supraordinal classifications is discussed. Based on these results and reanalysis of subcellular data, current knowledge of the evolution of septal features of fungal hyphae is synthesized, and a preliminary reassessment of ascomal evolution is presented. Based on previously unpublished data and sequences from GenBank, this study provides a phylogenetic synthesis for the Fungi and a framework for future phylogenetic studies on fungi. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Graz Univ, Inst Bot, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Gdansk, Plant Taxonomy & Nat Conservat, PL-80441 Gdansk, Poland. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Natl Bot Garden, Dept Bryophytes Thallophytes, B-1860 Meise, Belgium. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. New York Bot Garden, Inst Systemat Bot, New York, NY 10458 USA. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Genom Sci Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Bot Gardens, D-14191 Berlin, Germany. Free Univ Berlin, Bot Museum Berlin Dahlem, D-14191 Berlin, Germany. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1010041, Japan. RP Lutzoni, F (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM flutzoni@duke.edu RI Cox, Cymon/D-1303-2012; Lumbsch, Thorsten/K-3573-2012; Binder, Manfred/C-8571-2013; Gueidan, Cecile/C-8803-2014 OI Cox, Cymon/0000-0002-4927-979X; Lumbsch, Thorsten/0000-0003-1512-835X; NR 255 TC 441 Z9 464 U1 3 U2 76 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1446 EP 1480 DI 10.3732/ajb.91.10.1446 PG 35 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 867BR UT WOS:000224817600002 PM 21652303 ER PT J AU Yoo, S Nicklas, T Baranowski, T Zakeri, IF Yang, SJ Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Yoo, S Nicklas, T Baranowski, T Zakeri, IF Yang, SJ Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS TI Comparison of dietary intakes associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE metabolic syndrome; Bogalusa Heart Study; diet; alcohol; fruit and vegetables; sweetened beverages ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE-SYNDROME; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS; REPORTED ENERGY-INTAKE; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; US ADULTS; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; LIFE-STYLE AB Background: Previous studies suggested that dietary intakes affect individual risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine dietary intakes in 1181 young adults aged 19-38 y (38.1% men; 25% African Americans and 75% whites) in relation to metabolic syndrome risk factors in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Design: Participants were stratified into 3 groups according to the number of risk factors (0, 1-2, greater than or equal to3) associated with the metabolic syndrome according to the diagnostic criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, and dietary intakes were compared between the groups with a cross-sectional analysis. Results: After adjustment for age, total energy intake, body mass index, and physical activity, mean ( SE) intakes of fruit, fruit juice, and vegetables were significantly higher in subjects who had no risk factors than in subjects who had 1-2 risk factors (3.30 +/- 0.09 compared with 2.99 +/- 0.07 servings/d; P < 0.05). The mean intake of sweetened beverages was lower in subjects who had no risk factors than in subjects who had 1-2 risk factors or greater than or equal to3 risk factors among whites (1.45 +/- 0.08 compared with 1.77 +/- 0.07 and 2.22 +/- 0.15 serving/d, respectively, in men; 1.26 +/- 0.06 compared with 1.62 +/- 0.05 and 1.78 +/- 0.13 servings/d, respectively, in women; P < 0.001) but not among African Americans. Conclusion: Our results suggest that low fruit and vegetable consumption and high sweetened beverage consumption are independently associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in specific sex-ethnicity populations. C1 Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Inje Univ, Sanggye Paik Hosp, Dept Family Med, Seoul, South Korea. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Berenson, GS (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, 1440 Canal St,Suite 1829, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM berenson@tulane.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-38844]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-16592] NR 56 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 80 IS 4 BP 841 EP 848 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 856VI UT WOS:000224073000007 PM 15447888 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Zeng, HW AF Hunt, JR Zeng, HW TI Iron absorption by heterozygous carriers of the HFE C282Y mutation associated with hemochromatosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE nutrient-gene interactions; nonheme-iron absorption; heme-iron absorption; diet; iron bioavailability; iron fortification; hemochromatosis; serum ferritin; non-transferrin-bound iron; glucose ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; TRANSFERRIN-BOUND IRON; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; GENE-MUTATIONS; NONHEME-IRON; RED-CELL; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD VOLUME; HEALTHY-MEN AB Background: Research conducted before genotyping was possible suggested that subjects heterozygous for the genetic mutation associated with hemochromatosis absorbed nonheme iron more efficiently than did control subjects when tested with a fortified meal. Heme-iron absorption in these subjects has not been reported. Objective: We compared the absorption of heme and nonheme iron from minimally or highly fortified test meals between HFE C282Y-heterozygous and wild-type control subjects. Design: After prospective genotyping of 256 healthy volunteers, 11 C282Y-heterozygous and 12 wild-type control subjects were recruited, and their iron absorption was compared by using a hamburger test meal with or without added iron and ascorbic acid. After retrospective genotyping of 103 participants in previous iron-absorption studies, 5 C282Y-heterozygous subjects were compared with 72 wild-type control subjects. Results: HFE C282Y-heterozygous subjects did not differ significantly from wild-type control subjects in their absorption of either heme or nonheme iron from minimally or highly fortified test meals. No differences were detected in blood indexes of iron status (including serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and non-transferrin-bound iron) or in blood lipids or transaminases, but heterozygotes had significantly greater, although normal, fasting glucose concentrations than did wild-type control subjects. Compound heterozygotes (those who had both HFE C282Y and H63D mutations) absorbed more nonheme (but not heme) iron from meals with high (but not low) iron bioavailability. Conclusions: HFE C282Y-heterozygous subjects did not absorb dietary iron more efficiently, even when foods were highly fortified with iron from ferrous sulfate and ascorbic acid, than did control subjects. Iron fortification of foods should not pose an additional health risk to HFE C282Y heterozygotes. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jhunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 80 IS 4 BP 924 EP 931 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 856VI UT WOS:000224073000019 PM 15447900 ER PT J AU Ramos, MI Allen, LH Haan, MN Green, R Miller, JW AF Ramos, MI Allen, LH Haan, MN Green, R Miller, JW TI Plasma folate concentrations are associated with depressive symptoms in elderly Latina women despite folic acid fortification SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE folate; depression; homocysteine; vitamin B-12; aging; Latinos ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; HOMOCYSTEINE; VITAMIN-B-12; POPULATION; ANXIETY; HEALTH AB Background: A relation between low folate status and depression has been recognized since the 1960s. Since 1998, flour in the United States has been fortified with folic acid, and the prevalence of folate deficiency has decreased dramatically. Objective: We investigated whether, in this era of folic acid fortification, low folate status is a determinant of depressive symptoms in a cohort of elderly Latinos (aged greater than or equal to60 y) participating in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA). Design: In a cross-sectional logistic regression analysis of data from SALSA (n = 627 M, 883 F), odds ratios (ORs) were ascertained for elevated depressive symptoms [Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score greater than or equal to16] among tertiles of plasma folate. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the CES-D. Plasma folate concentrations were determined by radioassay. Results: The prevalence of folate deficiency (plasma folate less than or equal to 6.8 nmol/L) in the SALSA population was <1%. For men, no significant association between folate tertile and high CES-D score was observed. The adjusted OR for high CES-D score in women in the lowest tertile of folate was 2.04 (95% CI: 1.38, 3.02), which was significantly different from that in women in the highest tertile of folate (P < 0.001). Conclusion: These data indicate that, despite folic acid fortification, low folate status is associated with depressive symptoms in elderly Latina women (but not elderly Latino men). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Nutr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Miller, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Res 3,Room 3200A,4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM jwmiller@ucdavis.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG012975, R01 AG12975-01A1]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK060753] NR 27 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 80 IS 4 BP 1024 EP 1028 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 856VI UT WOS:000224073000034 PM 15447915 ER PT J AU Jacobs, RR Chun, D AF Jacobs, RR Chun, D TI Inter-laboratory analysis of endotoxin in cotton dust samples SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Skokloster Workshop CY APR 07-10, 2003 CL Gothenburg, SWEDEN SP Swedish Council Working Life & Social Res, Comm, Environm & Insurance Sect, GRYAAB, Goteborg Reg Sewer Works DE endotoxin; intra- and inter-laboratory variability; cotton dust; limulus assay; Round-Robin testing AB Background Currently there are no mandated exposure limits for endotoxin, but recommended limits have been proposed and interest expressed in developing quantitative standards for endotoxin. A limitation for developing a quantitative standard for endotoxin is the measurement variability between laboratories. Inter-laboratory variability of up to four orders of magnitude has been reported for replicate samples. To evaluate both the intra- and inter-laboratory variability, Round-Robin studies were conducted using replicate samples of cotton dust. Methods Replicate samples of cotton dust were collected using vertical elutriators (VE) in a model cardroom. Each participating laboratory evaluated the samples for endotoxin using: their normal extraction procedure; a common extraction procedure; and a common extraction procedure and the same type and lot of a commercially available endotoxin kit. Results These studies demonstrated that both intra- and inter-laboratory variability is reduced by using a common extraction protocol and a common assay kit; however, significant differences remained between the laboratories. Conclusions The data suggest that intra-laboratory assays can be used to assess the relative differences between endotoxin samples, however, the inter-laboratory variability suggests that limitations remain for developing a reliable exposure assessment assay that could be used for a quantitative exposure standard. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Grad Program Publ Hlth, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Jacobs, RR (reprint author), Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Grad Program Publ Hlth, POB 1980, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. EM jacobsrr@evmsmail.evms.edu NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1002/ajim.20005 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 861GY UT WOS:000224405300003 PM 15376227 ER EF