FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Olano, CT Schnell, RJ Quintanilla, WE Campbell, RJ AF Olano, Cecile T. Schnell, Raymond J. Quintanilla, Wilber E. Campbell, Richard J. GP FSHS TI Pedigree analysis of Florida mango cultivars SO Proceedings of the 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 05-07, 2005 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc DE Mangifera indica; microsatellite markers; parentage analysis; mango breeding ID MANGIFERA-INDICA L.; PATERNITY INFERENCE; IDENTIFICATION AB The Florida mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars were historically described as hybrids between Indian types (monoembryonic) and Southeast Asian types (predominantly polyembryonic). Early molecular data including isozyme and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis supported the hybrid origin. The Florida varieties are distinctive and combine characteristics of both Indian and Southeast Asian types. Although adapted to Florida conditions, they perform well across many different environments, and several, including 'Tommy Atkins', 'Keitt', 'Haden', 'Irwin', and 'Parvin' are produced commercially in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Using 25 microsatellite markers we analyzed 63 Florida varieties as well as cultivars from India, Asia and other locations, to construct likely pedigrees for each Florida cultivar. Parentage analysis was performed across four generations based on introduction dates of accessions into Florida and selection dates for Florida varieties. The cultivars were sampled from the accessions maintained at the National Germplasm Repository and by Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden (FTBG). Results suggest that as few as four Indian cultivars, and the 'Turpentine' land race were involved in the early cultivar selections. Sixty-three of the 85 parents identified across the four generations were other Florida cultivars. Pedigree results are in agreement with the findings of a larger diversity analysis study that the Florida types are more closely related to Indian than to Southeast Asian types and that the Florida group is not more diverse than either of the originating parental groups. The Florida group is unique and a subset of the Florida types have proven to have an unusual level of production stability and environmental adaptability. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2005 VL 118 BP 192 EP 197 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFM63 UT WOS:000243101200044 ER PT S AU Ayala-Silva, T Schnell, RJ Meerow, AW Winterstein, M Cervantes, C Brown, JS AF Ayala-Silva, Tomas Schnell, Raymond J. Meerow, Alan W. Winterstein, Michael Cervantes, Cijauhtemoc Brown, J. Steven GP FSHS TI Determination of color and fruit traits of half-sib families of mango (Mangifera indica L.) SO Proceedings of the 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 05-07, 2005 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc DE Mangifera indica; anthracnose; CIELAB; colorimeter; color transformation; cultivar AB The visual appearance of fresh fruits and vegetables is one of the first quality determinants made by the consumer. Often the appearance of the commodity is the most critical factor in the initial sale. In Florida, the color of the mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important factor and everyone admires a handsome mango that is generously overlaid with red. Red skin is considered a necessity for mangos shipped to northern markets, even though other aspects of quality may be inferior to that of non-showy cultivars. In the past, the evaluation of mango color has been subjective and based on visual ratings. Large errors are associated with these types of ratings, which makes evaluation of the varieties based on fruit color difficult. The present paper illustrates the use of a colorimeter to quantify fruit color, quality, and differentiation among varieties. Mango color was measured with a Minolta Chroma Meter CR-400 portable tristimulus colorimeter and fruit chromaticity was recorded in Commission Internationale d'Eclairage L*, a* and b* color space coordinates. In this system of color representation the values L*, a*, and b* describe a uniform three-dimensional color space, where the V value corresponds to a dark-bright scale, a* is negative for green, and positive for red, and b* is negative for blue and positive for yellow. For each sample, color values were measured at the base, cavity, and apex on each mango. Detailed data was obtained from six half-sib families and two clonal checks in 2004. Fruit and seed size and weight, fruit number, % Brix, jelly seed, and anthracnose resistance were also evaluated. The ability to quantity color readings could allow us to estimate the heritability of this trait and aid in the selection of parents to use in breeding new cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repository, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Ayala-Silva, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repository, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2005 VL 118 BP 253 EP 257 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFM63 UT WOS:000243101200059 ER PT S AU Cameron, RG Luzio, G Baldwin, E Narciso, J Plotto, A AF Cameron, Randall G. Luzio, Gary Baldwin, Elizabeth Narciso, Jan Plotto, Anne GP FSHS TI Production of narrow-range size-classes of polygalacturonic acid oligomers SO Proceedings of the 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 05-07, 2005 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc DE pectin; endo-polygalacturonase; EPG; polygalacturonic acid; oligogalacturonides; evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) ID ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ACTION PATTERNS; PECTIN; HOMOGALACTURONAN; QUANTIFICATION; ESTERIFICATION; RESIDUES; ETHYLENE AB A structural component of citrus processing residues with significant functionality is the homogalacturonan region of pectin. Its functional properties include ion binding, gelation, water retention and elicitation of plant defense responses to pathogens. It is also the site of attack by commercial pectinolytic enzymes used as processing aids for viscosity reduction, enzymatic peeling and conversion of peel polysaccharides to monomeric sugars for subsequent fermentation. More recently endo-polygalacturonases (EPG) have been used as research tools to probe the mode of action of pectin methylesterases and to map pectin fine structure. Consequently, knowing how EPG acts on oligomers of polygalacturonic acid is needed. A major limitation in studying these oligomers has been the limitations on chromatographic detection. In the work presented here, three size-classes with a degree of polymerization ranging from 1-13, 8-24 and 22-46 were prepared by enzymatic digestion followed by a combination of differential pH and alcohol precipitation. The oligomers were characterized using improved chromatographic techniques that enabled us to estimate masses of individual oligomers. Strawberries were treated with each size-class to determine if the fragments elicited a biological response. Only the medium-DP size-class resulted in a delay in fruit decay not observed with the low-or high-DP size-classes. C1 USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Cameron, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2005 VL 118 BP 406 EP 409 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFM63 UT WOS:000243101200101 ER PT S AU Goodner, KL Manthey, JA AF Goodner, Kevin L. Manthey, John A. GP FSHS TI Differentiating orange juices using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) SO Proceedings of the 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 05-07, 2005 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc DE multivariate; statistics; PCA; DFA; ANOVA. MS; GC ID CLASSIFICATION; SENSOR AB Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is compared to various instrumental and physical/chemical methods for differentiating commercial orange juice products. Previous statistical models were generated using the data from an electronic nose (e-nose), a head space gas chromatograph (GC), a mass spectrometer (MS) based chemical sensor, and various physical/chemical measurements. The separation using data from the FT-IR was similar to that obtained from the instrumental methods (e-nose, GC, MS) and chemical/physical measurements. FT-IR is inexpensive technology and common in most labs. An advantage to using an FT-IR would be the likelihood of quality labs currently owning an instrument, or if not, the relatively low cost would not be prohibitive. Seven not-from-concentrate and 3 from-concentrate orange juice products were analyzed with excellent separation using the data from standard procedures. This compares favorably with the other methods examined in previous years. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Goodner, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2005 VL 118 BP 410 EP 413 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFM63 UT WOS:000243101200102 ER PT S AU Mahattanatawee, K Goodner, KL Baldwin, EA AF Mahattanatawee, Kanjana Goodner, Kevin L. Baldwin, Elizabeth A. GP FSHS TI Volatile constituents and character impact compounds of selected Florida's tropical fruit SO Proceedings of the 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 05-07, 2005 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc DE Averrhoa carambola; Psidium guajava; Mangifera indica; tropical fruit; gas chromatography-olfactometry; flavor ID FLAVOR COMPONENTS; PSIDIUM-GUAJAVA; GUAVA AB The aroma compounds of Florida grown guava, mango and carambola were isolated by headspace SPME and by solvent extraction methods coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and GC-Olfactometry (GC-O). The volatile components were analyzed using both headspace and solvent extraction techniques in order to insure that the results of GC-O were representative of the fruit aroma. The combination of the two techniques resulted in 53, 48 and 46 aroma active compounds detected in carambola, guava and ripe mango, respectively. There was no single aroma character impact compound that contributed to the aroma of these fruit. The major classes of aroma active volatiles that contributed to the fruity aroma were the esters followed by aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones, which contribute green and sweet notes to fruit aroma. In addition, sulfur and norisoprenoid compounds contributed to the guava and carambola aromas, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Goodner, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2005 VL 118 BP 414 EP 418 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFM63 UT WOS:000243101200103 ER PT S AU Manthey, JA AF Manthey, John A. GP FSHS TI HPLC-MS analysis of coumarins and furanocoumarin dimers in immature grapefruit SO Proceedings of the 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 05-07, 2005 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc DE grapefruit juice; psoralens; coumarins; grapefruit/drug interaction; time course; dimers; HPLC-PDA ID CYP3A4 INHIBITOR; JUICE; IDENTIFICATION; BERGAMOTTIN; PEEL; OIL AB Furanocoumarin dimers in grapefruit juice are involved in the numerous reported grapefruit/drug interactions. The majority of these compounds putatively occur as conjugates of 6',7'-epoxybergamottin and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin, with molecular weights of 708 and 726 amu. These compounds are readily detected by UV (310 nm) and by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Detection by ESI-MS is 10-100 times more sensitive than UV detection, and provides a means of analyzing the trace levels of these compounds in very early season grapefruit. The (furano)coumarin dimers and monomers in three varieties (Rio Red, Marsh, and Foster) of grapefruit during the first 4-6 weeks of fruit development were analyzed for two seasons (2004 and 2005). Concentration time courses of the monomers in the three varieties of grapefruit were generally similar over the two seasons. These time courses showed that many of the monomers were transitory, as suggested by their rapid increases in concentrations during the initial stages of cell division, followed by rapid decreases in concentrations accompanying subsequent fruit growth and development. Differences in the time courses of the furanocoumarin dimers; in the 2004 and 2005 season fruit suggest that the biosyntheses of these compounds are influenced by environmental and internal growth factors. C1 USDA ARS, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2005 VL 118 BP 429 EP 436 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFM63 UT WOS:000243101200106 ER PT S AU Narciso, JA AF Narciso, Jan A. GP FSHS TI An assessment of methods to clean citrus fruit surfaces SO Proceedings of the 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 118th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY JUN 05-07, 2005 CL Tampa, FL SP Florida State Hort Soc DE Penicillium digitatum; Geotrichum citriaurantii; Colletotfichum gloeospo7ioides; citrus fruit; sanitizers; surface microflora; peroxyacetic acid; chlorine; post harvest; fruit decay ID MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY; HOT-WATER AB A move away from harsh chemicals towards more natural or organic postharvest treatments for sanitizing fruit surfaces has prompted interest in alternate sanitizers for cleaning fruit in packinghouses. In this study a comparison was made of some sanitizing methods presently used (e.g. warm water and sodium hypochlorite solutions) with the sanitizing activity of peroxyacetic acid. To assess the initial microflora population on the surfaces of unwashed fruit, oranges were collected from the field and their surfaces washed in sterile buffer solutions. The buffer was analyzed for numbers of microbial organisms, and populations were found to be between approximately log(10) 4.0 and log(10) 6.0 cfu/cm(2) of fruit surface. Organisms from these analyses were isolated for later use. To assess the effectiveness of sanitizers on microbial populations on the fruit surfaces, oranges were picked from the field and surface sterilized in a circulating hot water bath (2 minutes at 85 degrees C). A cocktail of microorganisms previously isolated from the surfaces of oranges was made. These included the pathogens Penicillium digitatum, Geotrichum citri-aurantii and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In addition, 2 non-pathogenic yeasts and a bacterium were included to obtain a log(10) 6.0 total concentration of suspended spores and cells. The sterilized oranges were inoculated by dipping them into this spore mix for 30 seconds. The fruit were allowed to air dry for 24 hours and were then sanitized with warm water, sodium hypochlorite (200 ppm, pH 6.5) or peroxyacetic acid (100 ppm). Averaged microflora populations remaining on orange surfaces after treatments were; warm water log(10) 4.1 cfg/cm(2), sodium hypochlorite log(10) 3.3 cfu/cm(2) and peroxyacetic acid log(10) 2.4 cfu/cm(2). C1 USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Narciso, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 USA SN 0886-7283 J9 PROC FL STATE HORTIC PY 2005 VL 118 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BFM63 UT WOS:000243101200107 ER PT S AU Bassil, NV Gilmore, B Oliphant, J Hummer, K Henning, JA AF Bassil, NV Gilmore, B Oliphant, J Hummer, K Henning, JA BE Hummer, KE Henning, JA TI Genbank-derived microsatellite markers in hop SO Proceedings of the 1st International Humulus Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Humulus Symposium CY AUG 01-07, 2004 CL Corvallis, OR SP Int Soc Hort Sci, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Oregon State Univ, Anheuser Busch Co Inc, JI Haas Inc, Heineken, Hop Res Council DE Humulus lupulus L.; fingerprint; simple sequence repeats (SSR) ID HUMULUS-LUPULUS; GENETIC-VARIATION AB A method was developed to identify microsatellite-containing sequences from existing Humulus lupulus L. entries in the Nucleotide GenBank database. We screened 45 genomic, mRNA and expressed sequence tag (EST) Humulus nuclear sequences and identified 7 that contained simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Primer pairs were designed for 15 sequences and the optimum annealing temperature was determined by gradient PCR. SSR primers were screened for polymorphism in 24 wild accessions of hops. Ten primer pairs generated repeatable polymorphic bands and seemed to amplify single loci. These 10 polymorphic loci will be useful for genotype identification and for estimation of genetic diversity in the hop collection maintained at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, Oregon. C1 USDA ARS, NCGR, NFSRC, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Bassil, NV (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, NFSRC, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-528-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 668 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BCH09 UT WOS:000229258900005 ER PT S AU Hummer, KE AF Hummer, KE BE Hummer, KE Henning, JA TI Wild Humulus genetic resources at the US National Clonal Germplasm Repository SO Proceedings of the 1st International Humulus Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Humulus Symposium CY AUG 01-07, 2004 CL Corvallis, OR SP Int Soc Hort Sci, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Oregon State Univ, Anheuser Busch Co Inc, JI Haas Inc, Heineken, Hop Res Council DE hops; germplasm; Humulus lupulus; Humulus japonicus ID LUPULUS VAR. LUPULOIDES; AMERICAN HOP AB During the past 23 years the Humulus genetic resource collection at the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, Oregon, has greatly benefited from many international plant collecting trips. Significant contributions from North America include several private and USDA sponsored expeditions to Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Kentucky, Manitoba, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Saskatchewan, and Wisconsin. In addition, USDA-sponsored foreign expeditions to Albania, Armenia, China, Kazakhstan, and Russia, have also expanded the representation of global Humulus diversity. More than 199 wild hop accessions are preserved at the NCGR from these expeditions. Locality information from the plant collecting expeditions is loaded to the publicly accessible Germplasm Resource Information Network (GRIN) database. Seed from these accessions are inventoried, labeled, and stored at -20 degrees C. Germination protocols are being reviewed and revised. Seedlings from these accessions are being evaluated for disease resistance, morphological traits and chemical and genetic profiles. Genotypes with specific quality traits are being preserved as plants growing in screened enclosures, protected from virus or other pathogen infection. Specific genotypes are cultured in vitro. These tissue cultures are preserved at 4 degrees C for up to 2 years. Meristems from tissue cultures are cryopreserved and stored at a remote location for long-term, back-up preservation. Plant propagules including stem cuttings, rhizomes, tissue cultures, or seeds, are available for distribution to international researchers upon request. C1 USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-528-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 668 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BCH09 UT WOS:000229258900009 ER PT S AU Postman, JD DeNoma, JS Reed, BM AF Postman, JD DeNoma, JS Reed, BM BE Hummer, KE Henning, JA TI Detection and elimination of viruses in USDA hop (Humulus lupulus) germplasm collection SO Proceedings of the 1st International Humulus Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Humulus Symposium CY AUG 01-07, 2004 CL Corvallis, OR SP Int Soc Hort Sci, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Oregon State Univ, Anheuser Busch Co Inc, JI Haas Inc, Heineken, Hop Res Council DE Humulus lupulus; virus detection; virus elimination; virus therapy; hop germplasm; apple mosaic; arabis mosaic; hop latent; American hop latent; hop mosaic; Primus necrotic ringspot ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; NECROTIC RINGSPOT VIRUS; HOST RANGE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; PURIFICATION; CARLAVIRUSES; CULTURE; LATENT AB The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS) maintains a collection of Humulus germplasm at its National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, Oregon, for the conservation and improvement of hop genetic resources. About 268 clonal accessions and seedlings are maintained as potted plants in a screen house. A 'core' subset of 84 genotypes is also maintained in vitro under cold storage. Clonal accessions were tested by ELISA for Apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV), Arabis mosaic nepovirus (ArMV), Hop latent carlavirus (HpLV), American hop latent carlavirus (AHLV), Hop mosaic carlavirus (HpMV), and Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRV). Ninety-eight hop clones out of 200 were found to be virus infected. HpMV was the virus most commonly detected (67% of infected plants), followed by HpLV (51%), AHLV (50%), and ApMV (28%). ArMV and PNRV were not detected. More than 60% of infected accessions contained 2 or more viruses, and more than 25% contained 3 or more. Cultivars 'Wye Target', 'Vojvodina', 'Shinsuwase', 'Cascade' and 'USDA 21119' were infected with all 4 viruses. Alternating temperature heat-therapy and apical meristem culture were used to eliminate viruses from infected plants. Infected plants were grown for 2 weeks at temperatures alternating between 38 degrees C and 30 degrees C every 4 hours. Apical meristems 0.5mm or smaller were dissected and grown in vitro until large enough to transfer to soil in the glasshouse. Following a natural dormant period, plants were retested by ELISA. Of 182 plants regenerated from heat treated meristems, none tested positive in subsequent virus assays. Presently, the NCGR maintains 125 unique hop genotypes that have tested negative for all of these hop viruses. C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Postman, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-528-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 668 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BCH09 UT WOS:000229258900018 ER PT S AU Hummer, KE Oliphant, JM Taylor, AW Deinzer, ML Smith, JM AF Hummer, KE Oliphant, JM Taylor, AW Deinzer, ML Smith, JM BE Hummer, KE Henning, JA TI Xanthogalenol and 4'-O-methylxanthohumol content in some American Humulus SO Proceedings of the 1st International Humulus Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Humulus Symposium CY AUG 01-07, 2004 CL Corvallis, OR SP Int Soc Hort Sci, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Oregon State Univ, Anheuser Busch Co Inc, JI Haas Inc, Heineken, Hop Res Council DE Humulus lupulus var. lupidoides; Humulus lupulus var. pubescens; Humulus lupulus var. neomexicanus; prenylated flavonoids; xanthogalenol; xanthohurnol; chemotaxonomy; hops; biogeography ID LUPULUS AB The resins produced by either lupulin or leaf glands of more than 41 genotypes of botanical varieties of Humulus lupulus L. collected from the wild in 9 mid-western and western American states were analyzed for the presence of prenylated flavonoids. Xanthogalenol and other 4'-O-methylchalcones are fixed in H. lupulus var. lupuloides E. Small and in H. l. var. pubeseens E. Small. Most of the H. l. var. neomexicanus Nelson and Cockerell collected east of the Rocky Mountains contained 4'-O-methylchalcones, while most specimens of H. l. var. neomexicanus from west of the Rocky Mountains did not. In 2 localities, the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona, and Phantom Canyon, Colorado, individuals of H. l. var. neomexicanus containing 4'-O-methylchalcones and those without, were sympatric. We have expanded the results of Stevens et al. (2000) who reported that European hops (Humulus lupulus var. lupulus L.), like most H. l. var. neomexicanus from west of the Rocky Mountains, lack 4'-O-methylchalcones, whereas Japanese hops (H. l. var. cordifolius (Miquel) Maximowicz) contain 4'-O-methylchalcones, like the majority of North American hop samples east of the Rocky Mountains. This geographic disjunction and polymorphism in the occurrence of 4'-O-methylchalcones suggests a complex evolutionary history in Humulus lupulus. Further morphological and molecular evaluations of this wild collected germplasm are in progress. C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-528-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 668 BP 229 EP 232 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BCH09 UT WOS:000229258900029 ER PT S AU Reed, BM AF Reed, BM BE Hummer, KE Henning, JA TI In vitro storage of hop (Humulus L.) germplasm SO Proceedings of the 1st International Humulus Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Humulus Symposium CY AUG 01-07, 2004 CL Corvallis, OR SP Int Soc Hort Sci, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Oregon State Univ, Anheuser Busch Co Inc, JI Haas Inc, Heineken, Hop Res Council DE cryopreservation; cold acclimation; cold storage; Humulus lupulus; liquid nitrogen; tissue culture ID COLD-ACCLIMATION; SHOOT TIPS; CRYOPRESERVATION; SURVIVAL; CULTURE; MERISTEMS; REGROWTH; LUPULUS AB In this study we characterized the response of 70 diverse Humulus L. genotypes from the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, Oregon, to in vitro storage under low light at 4 degrees C and 28 to cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen by slow cooling. Plantlets were cold acclimated, stored in plastic tissue-culture bags, and evaluated at 4 mo intervals. The average storage time without transfer for the 70 genotypes evaluated was 14.1 +/- 3.5 mo with a range of 6 to 26 mo. Eight accessions stored for 2 cycles averaged 14.3 +/- 3.2 months storage. Plantlets for cryopreservation were cold acclimated for 2 wks, pretreated for 48 hrs, cooled to -40 degrees C at 1 degrees C per min, and plunged into liquid nitrogen. Mean recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips of accessions was 54% +/- 13 with 2-wk cold acclimation. A few genotypes required C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-528-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 668 BP 249 EP 255 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BCH09 UT WOS:000229258900032 ER PT S AU Reed, BM Aynalem, H AF Reed, BM Aynalem, H BE Hummer, KE Henning, JA TI Iron formulation affects in vitro cold storage of hops SO Proceedings of the 1st International Humulus Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Humulus Symposium CY AUG 01-07, 2004 CL Corvallis, OR SP Int Soc Hort Sci, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Oregon State Univ, Anheuser Busch Co Inc, JI Haas Inc, Heineken, Hop Res Council DE EDTA; EDDTA; germplasm storage; Humulus lupulus L.; sequestrene iron; tissue culture ID INVITRO CONSERVATION; GERMPLASM; CRYOPRESERVATION; SURVIVAL; CULTURES; NITRATE; SHOOT AB Improving the duration of cold storage of in vitro germplasm collections is important to safeguarding plant diversity available for plant breeding. In this study, we characterized the response of 12 diverse Humulus lupulus L. genotypes to the iron formulation used in the growth medium during storage. Treatments were standard MS iron alone (EDTA chelated) or with 100 or 200 mg/L sequestrene 138 iron (EDDTA chelated). In standard storage conditions, the average length of storage for hops on MS medium is 14.1 +/- 3.5 months. Evaluation of 12 genotypes after 3, 6 and 9 months indicated that the plantlets grown with standard NIS iron had generally higher condition ratings than those on sequestrene iron. Plants on either concentration of sequestrene iron declined at all rating periods and by 9 months all were near death. When all 12 genotypes were considered as a group, the growth-condition ratings for plantlets stored on MS iron were not significantly different from those on either sequestrene iron concentration due to the large amount of variation among the genotypes. Plants stored for 9 months on 1X sequestrene iron declined from mean ratings of 5 to ratings of 1.2 +/- 1.1 and those on 2X declined to 0.8 +/- 0.9 while plants on MS were rated 2.7 +/- 1.5. Significant differences among treatments were noted for several genotypes. These results indicate that VC storage of in vitro hops germplasm should be on medium with the standard MS iron formulation. C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-528-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 668 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BCH09 UT WOS:000229258900033 ER PT S AU Ling, KS Carpenter, L AF Ling, KS Carpenter, L BE Momol, MT Ji, P Jones, JB TI Pepino mosaic virus, an emerging disease in greenhouse tomato production worldwide: Is seed responsible? SO Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Tomato Diseases SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Tomato Diseases CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Florida, IFAS DE potexvirus; detection; ELISA; immuno capture RT-PCR ID GENOMIC RNA; RT-PCR; SEQUENCE; ISOLATE; PERU AB Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), a potexvirus, was first described in 1980 from pepino (Solanum muricatum) in Peru. In 1999, it was identified for the first time in greenhouse-grown tomatoes in Europe. Subsequently, the virus was reported in North America. PepMV is becoming a serious threat to greenhouse grown tomatoes because the virus is easily spread by mechanical means and greenhouse tomato production provides ample opportunities for disease spread through cultivation and worker handling. The origin of virus sources in greenhouses, however, is still unknown. Although potexviruses are not considered seedborne, seed was suspected in these cases. Research experiments were undertaken to determine if PepMV, tomato strain can be seedborne and transmitted from seed derived from PepMV-infected plants. Routine seed health assays of seed samples, using biological, serological, and molecular methods for PepMV have produced positive results, suggesting that PepMV may be seedborne. However, a growout of over 5,000 tomato seedlings from a seed lot that consistently tested positive for PepMV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bioassay did not result in any virus transmission. Further evaluation of germinating seeds from this lot, showed that PepMV was not present in the embryo, but instead concentrated in the seed coat. These results indicate that PepMV may be seedborne, but not easily transmitted to germinating tomato seedlings from virus-infested tomato seeds. More research is needed to confirm these results and determine the effect of the virus location on transmission of the virus. The possible implication of these findings on seed health assays is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-149-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 695 BP 43 EP 50 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BEA36 UT WOS:000236433600003 ER PT S AU Reitz, SR AF Reitz, SR BE Momol, MT Ji, P Jones, JB TI Biology and ecology of flower thrips in relation to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus SO Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Tomato Diseases SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Tomato Diseases CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Florida, IFAS DE Frankliniella; Tospovirus; behavioral ecology; host plant location; dispersal; vectors ID FRANKLINIELLA SPECIES THYSANOPTERA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT TACTICS; PLANT-DISTRIBUTION; PALMI KARNY; OCCIDENTALIS; TOSPOVIRUS; TRANSMISSION; ACQUISITION; ABUNDANCE AB Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) is transmitted exclusively by certain species of thrips. Because TSWV can only be acquired by larvae and transmitted by adults, it is essential to determine the ecology of these different life stages to improve management of thrips and TSWV. Furthermore, interspecific differences among vector species complicate management issues. Herein, aspects of the biology and ecology of thrips vectors of tomato spotted wilt virus are discussed and an overview of vector-pathogens interaction is given. The complex of native and adventive Frankliniella species that occur in the southeastern USA is used as a model system for comparing and contrasting species-specific behavioral attributes that affect large-scale spatial and temporal population dynamics. The common Frankliniella species in the southeastern USA include Frankliniella occidentalis, F. fusca, F. bispinosa, and F. tritici. The western flower thrips, F. occidentalis, is considered the predominant vector of TSWV, but F. bispinosa and F. fusca are also vectors. These Frankliniella species have rapid generation times, and adults are highly polyphagous. Numerous hosts may serve as sources for thrips entering tomato fields, yet tomato is a poor reproductive host. Therefore, most of the thrips infesting fields are immigrants. Consequently, thrips dispersal behavior is a key component of TSWV epidemiology. F. occidentalis is a less mobile species than either F. bispinosa or F. tritici. These interspecific differences in the activity levels of adults affect how the species colonize plants and the field efficacy of insecticides against each species. These results show the importance of understanding interspecific variation among vectors for management of TSWV. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Reitz, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-149-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 695 BP 75 EP 84 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BEA36 UT WOS:000236433600007 ER PT S AU Adkins, S Lewandowski, DJ AF Adkins, S Lewandowski, DJ BE Momol, MT Ji, P Jones, JB TI A system to explore Tomato spotted wilt virus gene function SO Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Tomato Diseases SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Tomato Diseases CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Florida, IFAS DE tospovirus; tobamovirus; TSWV; TMV ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; MOVEMENT PROTEIN; TUBULAR STRUCTURES; INSECT VECTOR; NSM PROTEIN; TOSPOVIRUS; PLANT; RNA; REPLICATION; EXPRESSION AB Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has one negative sense (L) and two ambisense (M and S) RNAs. The lack of a tractable TSWV reverse genetics system has impeded direct demonstration of gene function and prevented the usual types of pathogen characterization. The TSWV NSm (non-structural) protein has been presumed to be the viral movement protein (MP) based on a few lines of indirect evidence. We determined that a Florida field isolate of TSWV could complement local, and to a lesser extent, systemic movement of a movement-defective Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) expression vector in Nicotiana benthamiana. To determine if NSm was responsible for this complementation, we cloned the NSm open reading frame (ORF) from this isolate and constructed TMV hybrids expressing the NSm ORF to test whether this tubule forming, putative MP could functionally substitute for the TMV MP protein. Initially, the NSm ORF was expressed from either the MP or coat protein subgenomic (sg) promoter of TMV. Both of these TSWV-TMV hybrids replicated in tobacco suspension cells and directed expression of NSm. Both of these free-RNA hybrids moved cell-to-cell in inoculated leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and moved into upper leaves of N. benthamiana, directly demonstrating that NSm is the TSWV ME To monitor movement in plants, the ORF for the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) was inserted behind an additional sg promoter downstream of NSm. These TSWV-TMV hybrids moved and expressed both NSm and GFP in plants. These results demonstrate the utility of a well characterized viral genetic system to dissect gene functions for a virus lacking a reverse genetics system and provide a means to explore the function of TSWV genes in tomato and other economically important crops. C1 USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, USHRL, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-149-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 695 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BEA36 UT WOS:000236433600008 ER PT S AU McKenzie, CL Bausher, M Albano, JP Shatters, RG Sinisterra, XH Powell, CA AF McKenzie, CL Bausher, M Albano, JP Shatters, RG Sinisterra, XH Powell, CA BE Momol, MT Ji, P Jones, JB TI Deciphering changes in plant physiological response to whitefly feeding using microarray technology SO Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Tomato Diseases SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Tomato Diseases CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Florida, IFAS DE tomato; RNA profiling; Bemisia argentifolii; Bemisia tabaci B biotype; silverleaf whitefly; tomato irregular ripening disorder ID DISORDER; FLORIDA; TOMATO AB Gene array technology was applied to tomato as a model system to examine plant physiological response to silverleaf whitefly (SLW), Bemisia argentifolii (a.k.a. Bemisia tabaci biotype B) feeding. Our objective was to study gene expression in tomato plants subjected to a moderate infestation of whitefly. Plants were destructively harvested 25 days after infestation and samples of old and young leaves, stems, roots, flowers and fruit from tomato with and without whitefly were processed for nutritional analysis and RNA extraction for microarray analysis. RNA was labeled and hybridized to the gene array membrane to determine which genes SLW feeding influences. At 25 days after infestation, no discernable differences could be detected between plants with and without whitefly with the exception of uninfested plants possessing more flower buds. Whitefly pressure at harvest was moderate: 0.25 eggs per 50 mm(2), 0.04 nymphs per 50 mm(2) and 0.52 adult whiteflies per leaflet. Plant nutritional profiles for plants with and without whitefly were not significantly different and were adequate for tomato production. RNA profiling results indicated 277 genes were up or down regulated in response to whitefly feeding and based on sequence similarity analysis we determined that selected genes were likely to be involved in developmental regulation, stress response, wound response, and ethylene production. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP McKenzie, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-149-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 695 BP 347 EP 351 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BEA36 UT WOS:000236433600042 ER PT B AU Craig, JC Kozempel, MF AF Craig, JC Kozempel, MF BE Karlovic, D TI Minimally-destructive technologies for pasteurizing sensitive foods SO Proceedings of the 2nd Central European Meeting: 5th Croatian Congress of Food Technologists, Biotechnologists and Nutritionists, 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Central European Meeting/5th Croatian Congress of the Food Technologists, Biotechnologists and Nutritionists CY OCT 17-20, 2004 CL Opatija, CROATIA SP Food Technologists, Biotechnologinist & Nutritionists Soc, Univ Zagreb Fac Food Technol & Biotechnol, Acad Med Sci Croatia, Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Budapest Univ Econ Sci & Public Adm, Fac Food Sci, Cent Food Res Inst, Croatian Acad Engn, Croatian Med Chamber, Expt Stn Food Preserv Ind, Graz Univ Technol, Inst Food Chem & Technol, Inst Cryobiol & Food Technol, J J Strossmayer Univ Osijek, Fac Food Technol, Univ Bihac, Biotech Fac, Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Univ Ss Cyril & Methodius, Fac Agr, Univ Sv Kliment Ohridski, Fac Biotechnol Sci, Univ Trieste Dept Econ & Commod Sci Nat Resources & Prod, Wageningen Univ, Dept Agrotechnol & Food Sci, WHO Liaison Off Croatia, European Soc Agr Engineers DE pasteurization; non-thermal; VSV; food safety ID SURFACE PASTEURIZATION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; INACTIVATION; STEAM AB This paper reviews research performed and reported by the Engineering Science group at the USDA's Eastern Regional Research Center. The two developments are both technologies in food safety. One, termed "Vacuum-Steam-Vacuum" is a system for pasteurizing food surfaces, without heating the food destructively. A series of experimental mechanical prototypes were constructed, and used to treat inoculated heat-sensitive foods by briefly exposing the surface to vacuum, then steam, and again vacuum. Exposure times established were 1/10 second for each, and steam temperature was typically 138 C. It was further determined that repetition of these steps improved pasteurization of some foods. Treatment of fresh whole chicken, with an uneven surface, and body crevices, was the least successful, with a kill of 1.1 to 1.4 log cfu/ml, and of hot dogs, with a kill of 5 log, the most successful. While a transportable unit was constructed and tested, the technology does not require a,, complex, freestanding unit for all products. The other, primarily applicable to heat-sensitive liquids, utilizes a radio-frequency field to inactivate microorganisms. C1 USDA, ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Craig, JC (reprint author), Box 3023, Maple Glen, PA 19002 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS, BIOTECHNOLOGISTS & NUTRITIONISTS SOCIETY PI ZAGREB PA PIEROTTIJEVA 6, ZAGREB, 000000, CROATIA BN 953-99725-1-5 PY 2005 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BDY17 UT WOS:000236064700006 ER PT B AU Sapers, GM AF Sapers, GM BE Karlovic, D TI Quality and safety of fresh-cut produce SO Proceedings of the 2nd Central European Meeting: 5th Croatian Congress of Food Technologists, Biotechnologists and Nutritionists, 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Central European Meeting/5th Croatian Congress of the Food Technologists, Biotechnologists and Nutritionists CY OCT 17-20, 2004 CL Opatija, CROATIA SP Food Technologists, Biotechnologinist & Nutritionists Soc, Univ Zagreb Fac Food Technol & Biotechnol, Acad Med Sci Croatia, Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Budapest Univ Econ Sci & Public Adm, Fac Food Sci, Cent Food Res Inst, Croatian Acad Engn, Croatian Med Chamber, Expt Stn Food Preserv Ind, Graz Univ Technol, Inst Food Chem & Technol, Inst Cryobiol & Food Technol, J J Strossmayer Univ Osijek, Fac Food Technol, Univ Bihac, Biotech Fac, Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Univ Ss Cyril & Methodius, Fac Agr, Univ Sv Kliment Ohridski, Fac Biotechnol Sci, Univ Trieste Dept Econ & Commod Sci Nat Resources & Prod, Wageningen Univ, Dept Agrotechnol & Food Sci, WHO Liaison Off Croatia, European Soc Agr Engineers DE quality; food safety; fruits; vegetables; fresh-cut ID EFFICACY; APPLES AB Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables represent an important and rapidly growing segment of the fresh produce industry worldwide. While such foods are generally considered to be healthful and safe, a growing number of outbreaks of foodborne illness have been associated with certain minimally processed products such as alfalfa sprouts, cut salads, green onions, melons, tomatoes, and unpasteurized juices. Human pathogens have been detected in many fruits and vegetables and can survive and multiply in the fresh-cut products. In some cases, product quality and safety issues are closely linked. In response to safety concerns and the need to improve product quality, extensive research on the microbiology of fresh-cut produce has been conducted in recent years. In this paper, sources of microbiological contamination, modes of microbial attachment to produce, and risk factors associated with fresh-cut processing will be reviewed. In particular, quality and safety problems associated with the application of browning inhibitors and other processing aids will be discussed. The efficacy of conventional practices in reducing the risk of microbial contamination such as culling, produce washing, application of antimicrobial agents, and packing plant sanitation will be discussed. New technology is needed to improve the efficacy of such interventions. Recent developments in the areas of novel sanitizers, non-thermal antimicrobial treatments, surface pasteurization, and preservatives, which may enhance quality and safety, will be examined. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sapers, GM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS, BIOTECHNOLOGISTS & NUTRITIONISTS SOCIETY PI ZAGREB PA PIEROTTIJEVA 6, ZAGREB, 000000, CROATIA BN 953-99725-1-5 PY 2005 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BDY17 UT WOS:000236064700007 ER PT B AU Cooper, CM Shields, FD Knight, SS AF Cooper, Charles M. Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Knight, Scott S. BE Shang, H TI Watershed Management Principles as Components of Larger - scale Basin Improvement for Ecological and Economical Sustainability SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL YELLOW RIVER FORUM ON KEEPING HEALTHY LIFE OF THE RIVER, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Yellow River Forum CY OCT 16-21, 2005 CL Zhengzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Yellow River Conservancy Commiss, Global Water Partnership, Asian Dev Bank, Royal Netherlands Embassy, Beijing, Challenge Program Water & Food, China Int Ctr Econ & Tech Exchange, USDA, CPWC, China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Tsinghua Univ, Nanjing Hydeaul Res Inst, Yellow River Water & Hydropower Dev Corp, World Bank, Int Ctr Econ & Cooperat MWR DE conservation; sustainable ecosystem; management practices; basin planning; water quality ID FOREST FLOOR; FRESH-WATER; MISSISSIPPI; EFFICIENCY; RESERVOIR; HABITATS; STREAMS; MODEL AB Maintaining the healthy ecological condition of an entire river basin poses considerable challenges to resource managers as they deal with multiple demands for land and water. Ultimately, to ensure ecosystem health and sustainability, a basin must be managed with a coordinated suite of proven scientific/management principles. The Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit of the Agricultural Research Service/United States Department of Agriculture is tasked with providing tools and guidance for watershed - level land and water management. Suggestions for oversight of large river drainages, including the Yellow River Basin, include watershed scale structural and non - structural protective practices, adequate levels and appropriate types of monitoring, and a decision - making framework which provides guidance for land and water use. To address concerns of water conservation, water quality and environmentally supportive flows, we provide proven examples of upland water retention/control and routing measures that provide both short - term retention for local uses, water quality improvement and long - term ecologically and economically supportive releases downstream. Obtaining sustainable development while protecting a basin - scale environment requires knowledge that can be acquired with a suite of indicator measurements that document current conditions and ecological changes. Dynamic watershed management which is catchment specific and uses all available conservation tools can protect both land and aquatic ecosystems within larger basin scale drainages. C1 [Cooper, Charles M.; Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Knight, Scott S.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Cooper, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU YELLOW RIVER CONSERVANCY PRESS PI ZHENGZHOU PA CHENGDONG LU, ZHENGZHOU, HENAN 450004, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-80621-999-7 PY 2005 BP 75 EP 84 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BIL95 UT WOS:000260654600010 ER PT S AU Giovannoni, J El-Rakshy, S AF Giovannoni, J El-Rakshy, S BE Mencarelli, F Tonutti, P TI Genetic regulation of tomato fruit ripening and development and implementation of associated genomics tools SO Proceedings of the 5th International Postharvest Symposium, Vols 1-3 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Postharvest Symposium CY JUN 06-11, 2004 CL Verona, ITALY SP Italian Minist Agr & Foreign Policy, Veneto Reg, Verona Chamber Commerce, AgroFresh Inc, APO Scaligera, Banco Popolare Verona & Novara, Bayer Crop Sci, Univ Padova, Fac Agr, Fruit Control Equipment, Isolcell, Nomos Pass Refrigerat, Sacmi, Sapio Ind, Trento Prov, Unitec srl, Verona Prov, Xeda Int DE fruit ripening; tomato; carotenoids; MADS-box; genome sequencing; genomics; ESTs; Solanaceae ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PEACH FRUIT; EXPRESSION; ETHYLENE; MICROARRAYS AB Fruit ripening has direct implications to a significant component of human diets, nutrition and agriculture. While ripening brings about positive changes in fruit physiology and chemistry in terms of flavor, appearance, texture and nutrition, over-ripening leads to,post-harvest loss and decreased fruit quality. Researchers have studied numerous species with the intent of identifying strategies and technologies toward improving desirable ripening attributes while minimizing those with negative consequences. Tomato has emerged as a model for fleshy fruit ripening, in part due to simple genetics, numerous characterized mutants, cross-fertile wild germplasm to facilitate genetic studies and routine transformation technology. In recent years, the tomato system has been further complemented with dense genetic maps, large EST collections and the recently initiated genome sequencing effort. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding the genetic regulation of fruit ripening and current and developing genomics tools that will impact this model system in the coming decade. C1 USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Giovannoni, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cornell Univ Campus, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-648-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 682 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BCZ09 UT WOS:000232014700001 ER PT S AU Pechous, SW Whitaker, BD AF Pechous, SW Whitaker, BD BE Mencarelli, F Tonutti, P TI Cloning and functional expression of an (E,E)-alpha-farnesene synthase cDNA from apple fruit SO Proceedings of the 5th International Postharvest Symposium, Vols 1-3 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Postharvest Symposium CY JUN 06-11, 2004 CL Verona, ITALY SP Italian Minist Agr & Foreign Policy, Veneto Reg, Verona Chamber Commerce, AgroFresh Inc, APO Scaligera, Banco Popolare Verona & Novara, Bayer Crop Sci, Univ Padova, Fac Agr, Fruit Control Equipment, Isolcell, Nomos Pass Refrigerat, Sacmi, Sapio Ind, Trento Prov, Unitec srl, Verona Prov, Xeda Int DE Malus x domestica; apple fruit; (E,E)-a-famesene; ethylene regulation; sesquiterpene synthesis; storage disorder; superficial scald ID SUPERFICIAL SCALD DEVELOPMENT; TRIENE OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ALPHA-FARNESENE SYNTHESIS; STORED APPLES; PEEL TISSUE; BIOSYNTHESIS; DISORDER; DIPHENYLAMINE; REDUCTASE; ETHYLENE AB Increased production of terpenes and many other aroma-related volatiles occurs with the onset of ripening in apples (Malus x domestica). The gaseous hormone ethylene plays a key role in the induction of volatile synthesis, but the mechanism is not yet understood. Using a degenerate primer based on a short conserved sequence shared by several sesquiterpene synthases, RT-PCR with RNA isolated from peel tissue of 'Law Rome' apples yielded an similar to 800-bp gene fragment. This was used to screen a cDNA library generated from peel tissue mRNA. A full-length terpene synthase (TS) cDNA 1931 nucleotides long was isolated. The 1728-bp open reading frame encodes a protein 576 amino acids long with a molecular mass of 66 kDa. Sequence analysis of the apple TS showed it to be most similar to several monoterpene synthases. The TS includes an RR(X-8)W motif near the N-terminus that is common among monoterpene synthases but it lacks the plastid transit peptide sequence typically associated with genes of that group. Expression of the TS gene in E. coli gave myc-epitope-tagged and untagged proteins estimated at similar to 68 and similar to 66 kDa, respectively. In sesquiterpene synthase assays, with farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, the untagged bacterially-expressed TS gene product synthesized (E,E)-alpha-farnesene almost exclusively. In monoterpene synthase assays, with geranyl diphosphate as substrate, the apple TS produced trace levels of (E)-beta-ocimene. This is the first report of an (EE)-alpha-farnesene synthase gene (AFS1; GenBank accession number AY182241) from a flowering plant. RNA gel blots showed that AFS-1 transcript increased about fourfold in peel tissue of apple fruit during the first 4 weeks of storage at 0.5 degrees C. In contrast, when fruit were treated at harvest with 1-methylcyclopropene, a blocker of ethylene action, AFS1 mRNA declined over the initial 4 weeks of cold storage and was nearly undetectable by 8 weeks. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pechous, SW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-648-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 682 BP 395 EP 402 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BCZ09 UT WOS:000232014700047 ER PT S AU Wang, CY Fung, RWM Ding, CK AF Wang, CY Fung, RWM Ding, CK BE Mencarelli, F Tonutti, P TI Reducing chilling injury and enhancing transcript levels of heat shock proteins, PR-proteins and alternative oxidase by methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate in tomatoes and peppers SO Proceedings of the 5th International Postharvest Symposium, Vols 1-3 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Postharvest Symposium CY JUN 06-11, 2004 CL Verona, ITALY SP Italian Minist Agr & Foreign Policy, Veneto Reg, Verona Chamber Commerce, AgroFresh Inc, APO Scaligera, Banco Popolare Verona & Novara, Bayer Crop Sci, Univ Padova, Fac Agr, Fruit Control Equipment, Isolcell, Nomos Pass Refrigerat, Sacmi, Sapio Ind, Trento Prov, Unitec srl, Verona Prov, Xeda Int DE postharvest; storage; temperature; quality; Lycopersicon esculentum; Capsicum annuum ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE FAMILY; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; PLANTS; RESPIRATION; INDUCE; FRUIT AB Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) treated with vapors of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or methyl salicylate (MeSA) had markedly increased resistance to chilling injury and decreased incidence of decay during and after low temperature storage. Accumulation of classes I and 11 small heat shock protein (HSP) mRNAs was increased significantly by treatment of tomato fruit with MeJA and MeSA. Treated fruit also accumulated higher levels of transcripts from the HSP 70 family as compared to untreated fruit. MeJA treatment also substantially enhanced mRNA levels of pathogenesis-related (PR)-2a, PR-2b and PR-3b. MeSA treated fruit had significantly increased accumulation of PR-2b and PR-3a mRNAs compared to the control fruit. Two transcripts, 1.5 kb and 3.5 kb, of alternative oxidase (AOX) were detected by Northern blot analysis from sweet pepper fruit stored at 0 degrees C. Both transcripts reached maximal levels first in MeSA treated fruit, second in MeJA treated fruit and last in control fruit. These results suggest that the treatment of tomatoes and sweet peppers with MeJA or MeSA induces the synthesis of some stress proteins, such as HSP, PR-proteins, and AOX, which leads to increased chilling tolerance and resistance to decay. C1 USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-648-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 682 BP 481 EP 486 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BCZ09 UT WOS:000232014700058 ER PT S AU Lester, GE AF Lester, GE BE Mencarelli, F Tonutti, P TI Whole plant applied potassium: Effects on cantaloupe fruit sugar content and related human wellness compounds SO Proceedings of the 5th International Postharvest Symposium, Vols 1-3 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Postharvest Symposium CY JUN 06-11, 2004 CL Verona, ITALY SP Italian Minist Agr & Foreign Policy, Veneto Reg, Verona Chamber Commerce, AgroFresh Inc, APO Scaligera, Banco Popolare Verona & Novara, Bayer Crop Sci, Univ Padova, Fac Agr, Fruit Control Equipment, Isolcell, Nomos Pass Refrigerat, Sacmi, Sapio Ind, Trento Prov, Unitec srl, Verona Prov, Xeda Int DE Cucumis melo; ascorbic acid; beta-carotene; fruit sugars; maturity; potassium ID MUSKMELON FRUIT; ACID; MATURATION; SENESCENCE; CULTIVAR; HONEYDEW; SIZE AB Cantaloupe fruit sugar content is directly related to potassium (K)-mediated phloem loading and unloading of sucrose into the fruit. Improving K content in melons, during fruit growth and maturation through soil applied fertilization, is a problem, as root uptake of K is poor at this stage of growth and K competes with the uptake of Ca and Mg, two essential minerals needed for melon fruit membrane structure, function and postharvest shelf-life. Netted, orange-flesh muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group) 'Cruiser'] fruits were grown in the greenhouse during the spring of 2003 and received regular N-P-K soil fertilization throughout the study. Three to 5 days after anthesis (fruit set) and up to 3 to 5 days prior to abscission (full-slip), amino acid complexed potassium (Potassium Metalosate 24% K) at 4.0 mL.L-1 (0.51 oz.gal(-1)) was sprayed on the leaves and fruit until run-off. Plants were sprayed either weekly, biweekly or not sprayed (control). Fruit from plants receiving weekly applications of foliar/sprays of K matured two days earlier, and had significantly higher fruit K content, soluble solids concentration, total sugars, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and beta-carotene content than fruit-from plants not receiving foliar K applications. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-648-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 682 BP 487 EP 492 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BCZ09 UT WOS:000232014700059 ER PT S AU Obenland, DM Neipp, PM AF Obenland, DM Neipp, PM BE Mencarelli, F Tonutti, P TI Forced hot air treatment of stone fruit to inhibit the development of mealiness SO Proceedings of the 5th International Postharvest Symposium, Vols 1-3 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Postharvest Symposium CY JUN 06-11, 2004 CL Verona, ITALY SP Italian Minist Agr & Foreign Policy, Veneto Reg, Verona Chamber Commerce, AgroFresh Inc, APO Scaligera, Banco Popolare Verona & Novara, Bayer Crop Sci, Univ Padova, Fac Agr, Fruit Control Equipment, Isolcell, Nomos Pass Refrigerat, Sacmi, Sapio Ind, Trento Prov, Unitec srl, Verona Prov, Xeda Int DE polygalacturonase; pectinmethylesterase; expansin; preconditioning; peach ID PEACHES; STORAGE; NECTARINES; POLYGALACTURONASE; WOOLLINESS AB Treatment with high temperature forced air (HTFA) was tested as a potential alternative to the industry practice of preconditioning stone fruit at 20 degrees C for 2 days to slow the development of mealiness during cold storage. Preconditioned (PC) fruit and non-PC fruit were treated with HTFA (final temperature = 46 degrees C) for 1 to 4 hours and placed into cold storage for 2 to 4 weeks at 1 degrees C. Juiciness of the fruit was quantified after ripening by measuring the percentage of free juice (FJ) present. Fruit stored for 2 weeks were juicy regardless of treatment, although 3 to 4 hours of HTFA treatment was needed for the percentage FJ in non-PC fruit to be similar to that present in PC fruit. After 3 weeks of storage non-PC fruit that had not been heated had a FJ value of 27% as compared to 50% for non-heated PC fruit and had become mealy. Heating slowed the loss of FJ and maintained juiciness, although 3 hours of beating or more was required to have an effect and the FJ value for the non-PC fruit heated for 4 hours was still 7% less that that from non-heated PC fruit. Both PC and non-PC fruit had become mealy by the end of 4 weeks of storage and had low FJ values. Exo-polygalacturonase, endo-polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase activities in the tissues were affected by PC and heating but did not change in a manner that indicated that these enzymes could be responsible for the differences in FJ. Preconditioning increased the abundance of the protein expansin in non-heated samples but HTFA treatment strongly inhibited its accumulation. High temperature forced air can effectively reduce the incidence of mealiness but further research is needed to determine if the technique could be useful commercially. C1 USDA, ARS, Postharvest Qual & Genet Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Obenland, DM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Postharvest Qual & Genet Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-648-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 682 BP 1171 EP 1178 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BCZ09 UT WOS:000232014700155 ER PT S AU Kim, MS Lefcourt, AM Chen, YR AF Kim, MS Lefcourt, AM Chen, YR BE Mencarelli, F Tonutti, P TI Multispectral laser induced fluorescence imaging techniques for nondestructive assessment of postharvest food quality and safety SO Proceedings of the 5th International Postharvest Symposium, Vols 1-3 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Postharvest Symposium CY JUN 06-11, 2004 CL Verona, ITALY SP Italian Minist Agr & Foreign Policy, Veneto Reg, Verona Chamber Commerce, AgroFresh Inc, APO Scaligera, Banco Popolare Verona & Novara, Bayer Crop Sci, Univ Padova, Fac Agr, Fruit Control Equipment, Isolcell, Nomos Pass Refrigerat, Sacmi, Sapio Ind, Trento Prov, Unitec srl, Verona Prov, Xeda Int DE fluorescence imaging; fluorescence decay; gate-delay; laser-induced fluorescence; animal fecal contamination; apples ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; FECAL CONTAMINATION; SYSTEM; APPLES AB Ns-scale, time dependent fluorescence emission characteristics of apples contaminated with a range of diluted cow feces were acquired using a recently developed multispectral laser-induced fluorescence imaging system. Four spectral bands, F670, F680, F685 and F730, centered near the emission peak wavelengths of the major constituents responsible for the red fluorescence emissions from apples and animal feces were examined. The objective of the study was to investigate ns-scale fluorescence emission characteristics of samples to determine a suitable single red nuorescence band and optimal gate-delay time for detection of fecal contamination on apples. The results based on the ns decay curves show that 670 nm with 10 nm FWHM provides the greatest difference in time-dependent fluorescence responses of feces treated and untreated apples surfaces at a gate-delay of 4 ns from the laser excitation peak. With these detection parameters, fluorescence emissions from the diluted feces spot account for a minimum of 27% of the total emissions. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-648-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 682 BP 1379 EP 1385 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BCZ09 UT WOS:000232014700185 ER PT S AU Wisniewski, M Bassett, C Artlip, T Janisiewicz, W Norelli, J Goldway, M Droby, S AF Wisniewski, M Bassett, C Artlip, T Janisiewicz, W Norelli, J Goldway, M Droby, S BE Mencarelli, F Tonutti, P TI Overexpression of a peach defensin gene can enhance the activity of postharvest biocontrol agents SO Proceedings of the 5th International Postharvest Symposium, Vols 1-3 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Postharvest Symposium CY JUN 06-11, 2004 CL Verona, ITALY SP Italian Minist Agr & Foreign Policy, Veneto Reg, Verona Chamber Commerce, AgroFresh Inc, APO Scaligera, Banco Popolare Verona & Novara, Bayer Crop Sci, Univ Padova, Fac Agr, Fruit Control Equipment, Isolcell, Nomos Pass Refrigerat, Sacmi, Sapio Ind, Trento Prov, Unitec srl, Verona Prov, Xeda Int DE Prunus persica; Malus domestica; postharvest disease; yeasts; pathogenesis-related-proteins; Penicillium expansum ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CANDIDA-SAITOANA; PLANT DEFENSINS; CITRUS-FRUITS; DISEASES; APPLE; EXPRESSION; YEAST; DECAY; 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE AB A portion of our research involves developing methods to enhance the activity of yeast biocontrol agents. In the present study, we describe the cloning and characterization of defensin genes from bark tissues of peach and apple. The open reading frame of both genes code for proteins related to the defensins, a family of highly antimicrobial proteins. Sequence comparison of the encoded proteins revealed significant homology between the peach and apple defensins and defensins from other plant species. RNA gel blot analysis and semi-quantitative-PCR indicated that the genes are season ally-expressed in bark tissues of one-year-old shoots, and the peach defensin is also expressed in early fruit development. A recombinant version of the peach defensin gene, rDFN1 was expressed in the yeast, Pichia pastoris. It was found that rDFN1 inhibited germination of the fungal pathogens Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea. The potential of using defensin genes to enhance biocontrol yeasts is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-648-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 682 BP 1999 EP 2005 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BCZ09 UT WOS:000232014700271 ER PT S AU Bassil, NV Postman, JD Neou, C AF Bassil, NV Postman, JD Neou, C BE Theron, KI TI Pyrus microsatellite markers from GenBank sequences SO Proceedings of the 9th International Pear Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Pear Symposium CY FEB 01-06, 2004 CL Univ Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, SOUTH AFRICA HO Univ Stellenbosch DE pear; fingerprint ID PEAR; JAPANESE; APPLE AB Simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers have become the marker of choice for genotype identification. A method was developed to identify microsatellite-containing SSRs from existing pear GenBank sequences. We screened 366 genomic, mRNA and expressed sequence tag (EST) Pyrus nuclear sequences and identified 47 that contained SSRs. Primer pairs were designed for 18 sequences and the optimum annealing temperature was determined by gradient PCR. The SSR primers were able to amplify a product in eight cultivars of R communis, three cultivars of P pyrifolia and one Pyrus hybrid ('Nijisseiki' x 'Anjou'). Three primer pairs amplified fragments larger than the expected size and were not pursued further. The remaining 15 primer pairs amplified fragments of the expected size, and 10 of them appeared to show polymorphism. These 10 polymorphic loci are being used to characterize the Pyrus collection of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Bassil, NV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-588-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 671 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BCR20 UT WOS:000230887700041 ER PT S AU Knight, AL VanBuskirk, PD Hilton, RJ Zoller, BG Light, DM AF Knight, AL VanBuskirk, PD Hilton, RJ Zoller, BG Light, DM BE Theron, KI TI Monitoring codling moth in four pear cultivars with the pear ester SO Proceedings of the 9th International Pear Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Pear Symposium CY FEB 01-06, 2004 CL Univ Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, SOUTH AFRICA HO Univ Stellenbosch DE Pyrus communis; thresholds; seasonality; traps; pest management ID BARTLETT PEAR AB The pear ester, ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate can be an effective attractant for codling moth, Cydia pomonella, in pear orchards treated with sex pheromones. Differences in the attractiveness of the pear ester relative to a sex pheromone lure were found within pear cultivars. The pear ester outperformed high-load sex pheromone lures in 'Bartlett', 'D'Anjou', and 'Comice' but not in 'Bosc' orchards. The pear ester lure performed poorly in 'Bartlett' orchards with high levels of codling moth, > 20 moths per trap per season and occurrence of fruit injury. In general, the pear ester lure caught significantly more males than female moths. More than 70% of females captured in traps baited with the pear ester were mated. C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-588-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 671 BP 565 EP 570 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BCR20 UT WOS:000230887700079 ER PT S AU Postman, JD Spotts, RA Calabro, J AF Postman, JD Spotts, RA Calabro, J BE Theron, KI TI Scab resistance in Pyrus germplasm SO Proceedings of the 9th International Pear Symposium SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Pear Symposium CY FEB 01-06, 2004 CL Univ Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, SOUTH AFRICA HO Univ Stellenbosch DE Venturia pirina; pear; Pyrus species; fruit scab; leaf scab; cultivars ID VENTURIA-PIRINA; PEAR AB The 1800 Pyrus clones at USDA-ARS-NCGR-Corvallis represent world diversity for pears. A "core" subset of 31 Asian cultivars, 119 European cultivars, 8 hybrid cultivars, and 45 species selections was evaluated for resistance to pear scab caused by Venturia pirina Aderh. Three potted, grafted trees of each core accession were artificially inoculated in a glasshouse. Orchard trees were evaluated during 10 years for natural fruit scab (FS), and during 3 years for leaf scab (LS). FS was rated on a scale of I to 9 (1 = no scab). Only 34 clones produced leaf symptoms following glasshouse inoculation, however 24 of these also rated high for natural LS in the field. All Asian cultivars were nearly free of both FS and LS. No Asian cultivar had a mean FS rating greater than 4, and 42% had no scab or negligible ratings. Thirty-eight percent of European cultivars had mean FS ratings > 4, and 8% had no scab or negligible scab. Average LS incidence was 3.4% of leaves for European cultivars compared to 0.4% for Asian cultivars. More than 64% of European cultivars had > 1% LS. European cultivars with negligible FS and LS include 'Arganche,' 'Batjarka,' 'Brandy,' 'Erabasma,' 'Muscat,' and 'Passe Crassane.' Incidence of both FS and LS in hybrid cultivars was intermediate between that of Asian and European cultivars. Most species selections had negligible FS, except P cordata with a rating of 5. Of 23 European cultivars rated high for FS, 21 also had > 1% LS. This study has identified pear cultivars that may be grown without chemical scab control, and that may be useful as parents in breeding for resistance. C1 USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Postman, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-588-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 671 BP 601 EP 608 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BCR20 UT WOS:000230887700084 ER PT J AU Zhou, XY Weise, D Mahalingam, S AF Zhou, XY Weise, D Mahalingam, S TI Experimental measurements and numerical modeling of marginal burning in live chaparral fuel beds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Univ Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL SP Combust Inst HO Univ Illinois Chicago DE fire spread; marginal burning; chaparral; fuel bed ID SPREAD; FIRES; WIND AB An extensive experimental and numerical Study was completed to analyze the marginal burning behavior of live chaparral Shrub fuels that grow in the mountains Of Southern California. Laboratory fire spread experiments were carried Out to determine the effects of wind, slope, moisture content, and fuel characteristics on marginal burning in fuel beds of common chaparral species. Four species (Manzanita sp., Ceanothus sp., Quercus sp., and Arctostaphylos sp.), two wind velocities (0 and 2 m/s), two fuel bed depths (20 and 40 cm), and three slope percents (0%, 40%, or 70%) were used. Oven-dry moisture content M of fine fuels (< 6.25 mm diameter) ranged from 29% to 105%. Sixty-five of 115 fires Successfully propagated the length (2.0 m) of the elevated fuel bed. A previously derived empirical marginal burning criterion was assessed, and a suitable modification was proposed for live chaparral fuels. Based on the experimental data, a stepwise logistic regression model was developed to predict the probability of successful fire spread. This procedure resulted in the selection of wind speed, slope percent, fuel loading, fuel moisture content, and relative humidity as the primary variables. It correctly classified 96% of 115 fires. Finally, a multidimensional numerical model for vegetation fire spread using a porous media sub-model was developed to simulate the laboratory fires. Results are used to analyze the internal heat transfer and combustion processes that determine fire spread success in shrub fuel bed. (c) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Zhou, XY (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM xzhou@engr.ucr.edu RI Mahalingam, Shankar/K-6746-2015; OI Mahalingam, Shankar/0000-0002-4543-7201 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 2287 EP 2294 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.022 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 937RX UT WOS:000229944300067 ER PT J AU Gates, MW Myartseva, SN Schauff, ME AF Gates, MW Myartseva, SN Schauff, ME TI A new Baryscapus Forster (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) parasitic on Diorhabda elongata Brulle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) and implications for the biological control of Saltcedar (Tamaricaceae : Tamarix spp.) in the southwestern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Eulophidae; Baryscapus; Diorhabda; Tamarix; biocontrol AB Baryscapus diorhabdivorus Gates and Myartseva, new species, (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is described and illustrated. This species was reared from the salt-cedar leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata Brulle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Turkmenistan. It is compared to closely related species, and its implications for the biological control of Tamarix spp. are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Gates, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mgates@sel.barc.usda.gov; smyartse@uamac.uat.mx; mschauff@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 887QC UT WOS:000226319600004 ER PT J AU Neunzig, HH Solis, MA AF Neunzig, HH Solis, MA TI Tumoriala, a new neotropical phycitine genus (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Phycitinae; Guatemala; Costa Rica; Brazil AB Tumoriala n. gen., is proposed for the Neotropical phycitine T. subaquilella (Ragonot 1888), n. comb. The previously unknown male is described and the occurrence of this species in Costa Rica and Brazil is reported for the first time. Males in the genus are characterized by a unique, raised cluster of scales on the upper surface of the forewing, and slender genitalia with a tegumen bearing earlike lobes. Females have a strongly developed diverticulum about midway on the ductus bursae. Photographs of the adults. and line drawings of male wing venation, labial palpus and antenna, and male and female genitalia are included. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Neunzig, HH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM asolis@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 84 EP 89 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 887QC UT WOS:000226319600011 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI Review of the genus Acordulecera Say (Hymenoptera : Pergidae) of the West Indies, and the first records of symphyta from Montserrat and St. Kitts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE St. Vincent; Dominica; Lesser Antilles; neotropical; symphyta AB Three species of the pergid genus Acordulecera Say are recorded from the West Indies, A. montserratensis, n. sp.. from Montserrat. St. Kitts, and Dominica. A. longica, n. sp., from Dominica and Montserrat, and A. insularis Ashmead from St. Vincent and Dominica. Acordulecera montserratensis and A. longica are the first sawflies recorded from Montserrat, and A. montserratensis is the first sawfly known front St. Kitts. The species are keyed, described, illustrated, and separated from other species of Acordulecera. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 887QC UT WOS:000226319600013 ER PT J AU Schauff, ME AF Schauff, ME TI Ammonoencyrtus carolinensis, N. Comb. (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae), a parasite of lobate lac scale Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin) (Hemiptera : Kerriidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Encyrtidae; Kerriidae; Ammonoencyrtus; Paratachardina; taxonomy; parasitoid; Hymenoptera AB Ammonoencyrtus carolinensis (Meyer) (n. comb.) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) a parasite of lobate lac scale, Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin) (Hemiptera: Keriidae), is distinguished from other species of Ammonoencyrtus, and a diagnosis and summary of its known biology are given. Ammonoencyrtus carolinensis was previously reported attacking Mesolecanium nigrofasciatum (Coccidae). Parasitization of Keriidae is an unusual host shift for this group of parasitoids. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schauff, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Bldg 005,Rm 133,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mschauff@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 887QC UT WOS:000226319600015 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Miller, GL Hodges, GS Davidson, JA AF Miller, DR Miller, GL Hodges, GS Davidson, JA TI Introduced scale insects (Hemiptera : Coccoidea) of the United States and their impact on US agriculture SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE scale insects; adventive species; invasive species; exotic species; pests; geographic origin ID HOMOPTERA-DIASPIDIDAE; MEALYBUGS HEMIPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; LIFE-HISTORY; PSEUDOCOCCIDAE; COCCIDAE; BIOLOGY; GENUS; RHIZOECUS; PEST AB We provide information on 255 species of scale insects that are considered adventive or introduced in the United States. Included for each species, where applicable, is reference to: the state and earliest collection date in which the invader was first discovered; whether it is currently established in the United States: its pest status in the United States along with a validation citation: its principal hosts: and its zoogeographical region of origin. Information is provided about trends of pest introductions and on native scale-insect pests in the United States. C1 USDA, BARC W, PSI, Agr Res Serv,Systemat Ecol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), USDA, BARC W, PSI, Agr Res Serv,Systemat Ecol Lab, Builg 005, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dmiller@sel.barc.usda.gov; gmiller@sel.barc.usda.gov; hodgesa@doacs.state.fl.us; jd12@umail.umd.edu NR 205 TC 63 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 123 EP 158 PG 36 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 887QC UT WOS:000226319600017 ER PT J AU Wheeler, AG Henry, TJ AF Wheeler, AG Henry, TJ TI Description of the adult and fifth instar of a myrmecomorphic plant bug, Bicuspidatiella conica Maldonado (Hemiptera : Miridae : Deraeocorenae), with notes on its habits SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; myrmecomorphy; Puerto Rico; Sternorrhyncha; Nectandra turbacensis ID HETEROPTERA; ANTS AB The deraeocorine plant bug Bicuspidatiella conica Maldonado, belonging, to a monotypic genus in the tribe Hyaliodini, has been known only from five adults taken at three localities in Puerto Rico. Previous biological information consists of a record from guaba (Inga vera Willd.). The fifth instar and adult of this myrmecomorphic mirid, collected at Cayey, Puerto Rico, are described and figured. The species was found on laurel amarillo (Nectandra turbacensis (Kunth) Nees) in association with the formicine ant Myrmelachista ramulorum. Wheeler, the ant-attended mealybug Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell) (Pseudococcidae), the soft scale Coccus moestus De Lotto (Coccidae), and an unidentified whitefly (Aleyrodidae). Bicuspidatiella conica, a member of an almost exclusively predacious group, probably feeds on ant-attended sternorrhynchans. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Smithsonian Inst, USDA, Systemat Ecol Lab, ARS,PSI,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Wheeler, AG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM awhlr@clemson.edu; thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 209 EP 213 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 887QC UT WOS:000226319600023 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI A new sawfly (Hymenoptera : Pergidae) feeding on guava, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), in Costa Rica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE symphyta; guava; Taiwanese guava C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Agr Res Serv,USDA, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 214 EP 217 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 887QC UT WOS:000226319600024 ER PT S AU Gray, AN AF Gray, AN BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Nonnative plants in the inventory of western Oregon forests SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS AB Vegetation data from the 1997 inventory of non-Federal forests in western Oregon were examined to assess the abundance of invasive nonnative plants detected by the inventory. Inventoried plants were the more common, identifiable species; composites and graminoids were underrepresented. Normative species were found on 1,040,000 ha (35 percent) of the non-Federal forest land in western Oregon. Abundance of most nonnatives was greater on lands that had been recently clearcut or thinned and was more closely related to stand density than climate. Most species were shade-intolerant, but shade-tolerant ivy and holly have the potential to greatly increase in abundance. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gray, AN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600003 ER PT S AU McWilliams, WH Bowersox, TW Brose, PH Devlin, DA Finley, JC Gottschalk, KW Horsley, S King, SL LaPoint, BM Lister, TW McCormick, LH Miller, GW Scott, CT Steele, H Steiner, KC Stout, SL Westfall, JA White, RL AF McWilliams, WH Bowersox, TW Brose, PH Devlin, DA Finley, JC Gottschalk, KW Horsley, S King, SL LaPoint, BM Lister, TW McCormick, LH Miller, GW Scott, CT Steele, H Steiner, KC Stout, SL Westfall, JA White, RL BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Measuring tree seedlings and associated understory vegetation in Pennsylvania's forests SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia ID STANDS AB The Northeastern Research Station's Forest Inventory and Analysis (NE-FIA) unit is conducting the Pennsylvania Regeneration Study (PRS) to evaluate composition and abundance of tree seedlings and associated vegetation. Sampling methods for the PRS were tested and developed in a pilot study to determine the appropriate number of 2-m microplots needed to capture variability in seedling abundance. The findings resulted in a decision to use one 2-m fixed-radius microplot per 7.3-m fixed-radius subplot of the NE-FIA design. Preliminary results indicate that one-half to two-thirds of the region's forests would require remedial treatment if preferred species are the management objective. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP McWilliams, WH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600005 ER PT S AU O'Neill, K Woodall, C Amacher, M Holden, G AF O'Neill, K Woodall, C Amacher, M Holden, G BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Linking soils and down woody material inventories for cohesive assessments of ecosystem carbon pools SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB The Soils and Down Woody Materials (DWM) indicators collected by the Forest Inventory and Analysis program provide the only data available for nationally consistent monitoring of carbon storage in soils, the forest floor, and down woody debris. However, these indicators were developed and implemented separately, resulting in field methods and compilation procedures that overlap and are not entirely compatible. Here we outline an initial approach for combining carbon estimates from the soil and DWM indicators, highlight the potential limitations of this approach, and discuss future research or protocol changes that may improve regional C estimation. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP O'Neill, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600006 ER PT S AU Gartner, D AF Gartner, D BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI The effect of data quality on short-term growth model projections SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB This study was designed to determine the effect of FIA's data quality on short-term growth model projections. The data from Georgia's 1996 statewide survey were used for the Southern variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator to predict Georgia's first annual panel. The effect of several data error sources on growth modeling prediction errors was determined, including the effect of site index measurement errors. The study suggests that for tree attributes, such as volume by species-diameter class combinations, data quality will be the largest source of prediction error. For plot attributes, site index measurement errors will be the largest source of prediction error. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Gartner, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600008 ER PT S AU McRoberts, RE AF McRoberts, RE BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Partitioning the uncertainty in estimates of mean basal area obtained from 10-year diameter growth model predictions SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia ID FOREST INVENTORY; IMPUTATION AB Uncertainty in model-based predictions of individual tree diameter growth is attributed to three sources: measurement error for predictor variables, residual variability around model predictions, and uncertainty in model parameter estimates. Monte Carlo simulations are used to propagate the uncertainty from the three sources through a set of diameter growth models to estimate the total uncertainty in 10-year predictions of mean basal area per unit area for a sample of Forest Inventory and Analysis plots. Response surface methodology is used to partition the total uncertainty by source. Of the three sources, the uncertainty in parameter estimates contributes most to the variance of the estimate of mean basal area per unit area. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600009 ER PT S AU Woodall, CW Grambsch, PL Thomas, W AF Woodall, CW Grambsch, PL Thomas, W BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI DBH and survival analysis: A new methodology for assessing forest inventory mortality SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB Tree mortality has typically been assessed in Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) studies through summaries of mortality by location, species, and causal agents. Although these methods have historically been used for most of FIA's tree mortality analyses, they are inadequate for robust assessment of mortality trends and dynamics. To offer a new method of analyzing tree mortality in forest inventories, we used survival analysis techniques to estimate survival and hazard functions for FIA periodic inventories in Minnesota. The study's method for applying survival analysis techniques to FIA inventories successfully estimates survivor and hazard models. Classifying trees into classes of d.b.h. and d.b.h. growth may facilitate applying of survival analysis techniques by providing a surrogate for tree ages and vigor. Applying survival analysis techniques to forest inventories allows FIA inventory analysts to test tree mortality hypotheses and summarize regional tree mortality trends, and affords a solid foundation for development of individual tree mortality models. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600012 ER PT S AU Hoppus, ML Lister, AJ AF Hoppus, ML Lister, AJ BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Measuring forest area loss over time using FIA plots and satellite imagerye SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB How accurately can FIA plots, scattered at 1 per 6,000 acres, identify often rare forest land loss, estimated at less than 1 percent per year in the Northeast? Here we explore this question mathematically, empirically, and by comparing FIA plot estimates of forest change with satellite image based maps of forest loss. The mathematical probability of exactly estimating a 5-percent loss within a 600,000-acre forest, where 5 percent has actually been converted, is 18 percent. A GIS experiment in Connecticut, using 452 FIA plots and a satellite-derived forest cover map, where 5 percent of the total forest area was "lost" by 7.5-acre units, indicates that the sample estimates a 5-percent loss 35 percent of the time with a range of estimated loss of 3 to 8 percent. Satellite image classification can probably estimate the amount of forests lost to urbanization more accurately, especially over small areas, while providing a more useful map of forest loss. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Hoppus, ML (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 91 EP 97 PG 7 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600016 ER PT S AU Liknes, GC Holden, GR Nelson, MD McRoberts, RE AF Liknes, GC Holden, GR Nelson, MD McRoberts, RE BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Spatially locating FIA plots from pixel values SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB The USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program is required to ensure the confidentiality of the geographic locations of plots. To accommodate user requests for data without releasing actual plot coordinates, FIA creates overlays of plot locations on various geospatial data, including satellite imagery. Methods for reporting pixel values associated with FIA plots that reduce the likelihood of inadvertent release of plot locations were tested. The number of plots that can be correctly located using only pixel values was reduced by perturbing image band values, averaging band values of neighboring pixels, and reducing the number of image bands. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Liknes, GC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 99 EP 103 PG 5 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600017 ER PT S AU Lister, A Riemann, R Westfall, J Hoppus, M AF Lister, A Riemann, R Westfall, J Hoppus, M BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Variable selection strategies for small-area estimation using FIA plots and remotely sensed data SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB The USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) unit maintains a network of tens of thousands of georeferenced forest inventory plots distributed across the United States. Data collected on these plots include direct measurements of tree diameter and height and other variables. We present a technique by which FIA plot data and coregistered remotely sensed raster data were used to predict the basal area of deciduous trees at a spatial resolution of 30 m. Results varied, generally indicating that culling putatively unrelated variables did not improve estimates over those obtained using all the potential variables in the model. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Lister, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 105 EP 109 PG 5 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600018 ER PT S AU McRoberts, RE Liknes, GC AF McRoberts, RE Liknes, GC BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Assessing the effects of forest fragmentation using satellite imagery and forest inventory data SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB For a study area in the North Central region of the USA, maps of predicted proportion forest area were created using Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, forest inventory plot data, and a logistic regression model. The maps were used to estimate quantitative indices of forest fragmentation. Correlations between the values of the indices and forest attributes observed on forest inventory plots were estimated. One interesting result was a statistically significant negative correlation between total forest area and number of tree species per unit forest area. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600020 ER PT S AU Nelson, MD McRoberts, RE Liknes, GC Holden, GR AF Nelson, MD McRoberts, RE Liknes, GC Holden, GR BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Comparing forest/nonforest classifications of landsat TM imagery for stratifying FIA estimates of forest land area SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia ID SATELLITE IMAGERY; INVENTORY AB Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery and Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot data were used to construct forest/nonforest maps of Mapping Zone 41, National Land Cover Dataset 2000 (NLCD 2000). Stratification approaches resulting from Maximum Likelihood, Fuzzy Convolution, Logistic Regression, and k-Nearest Neighbors classification/prediction methods were superior to an unstratified, simple random sampling approach for producing stratum weights used to lower the variance of estimates of FIA mean proportion forest land. The stratification approaches were comparable to one another. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Nelson, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600021 ER PT S AU Aguirre-Bravo, C Schreuder, H AF Aguirre-Bravo, C Schreuder, H BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Alternative natural resource monitoring strategies in the Mexican states of Jalisco and Colima SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB This paper presents a strategy for inventorying and monitoring the natural resources in the Mexican states of Jalisco and Colima. The strategy emphasizes a strong linkage between remote sensing with field sampling design to produce statistical summaries and spatial estimates at multiple scales and resolution levels. Outputs derived from this strategy are expected to have significant local use where policy and management decisions are most effectively made. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Aguirre-Bravo, C (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn,2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 135 EP 139 PG 5 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600023 ER PT S AU Czaplewski, RL Rack, J Lessard, VC Heinzen, DR Ploetz, S Schmidt, TL Leatherberry, EC AF Czaplewski, RL Rack, J Lessard, VC Heinzen, DR Ploetz, S Schmidt, TL Leatherberry, EC BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Coordination, cooperation, and collaboration between FIA and NRI SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB The USDA Forest Service conducts a detailed survey of the Nation's forests through the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. The USDA Natural Resources Service conducts an entirely separate survey, the National Resources Inventory (NRI), to monitor status and trends in the Nation's soil and other natural resources. Blue Ribbon Panels for both FIA and NRI have recommended better cooperation and collaboration. In response, a joint venture among the State of Minnesota, the U.S. Geological Survey, NRI, and FIA searched for potential synergies by fusing FIA and NRI plot data with Landsat imagery and a statewide geographic information system. FIA and NRI plot data did prove useful as training data for classifying land cover, and as supplemental labeling data for detecting changes with multi-date Landsat imagery. C1 USDA ARS, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Czaplewski, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Forest Serv, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600024 ER PT S AU Gartner, D Reams, G AF Gartner, D Reams, G BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI The effects of removing condition boundaries on FIA estimates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB When Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) changed to the national standards for the inventory system, plots with multiple condition codes were introduced to the Southern Station's FIA unit. FIA maps up to five different conditions on completely or partially forested 1/24-acre subplots. This change has made producing inventory estimates more complex because the data are analyzed by condition classes (partial plot) rather than on a whole plot. Methods for analyzing by condition classes are less intuitively obvious than methods based on a single condition for an entire plot. We compared the current standard of fully mapped plots to two methods that reduce the number of mapped conditions per plot using the following sets of rules. Rule I assigns the predominant condition to the entire plot, including plots that are partially forested. Rule 2 maps a single nonforest condition and a single forest condition, with the single forest condition predominant. The effects of these changes were shown by calculating forest area by forest type group and ownership and volume by species and diameter class. The effect of using just one condition per plot (rule 1) increased the estimated total forested area by 0.4 percent. Using rule I decreased the calculated total volume for the state by 3.9 percent. Using only one forested condition per plot (rule 2) did not change the total area estimate or the volume estimates. Both methods decreased the estimated variance for the total volume by 12 to 16 percent. The percent changes in the estimated values were greatest in the least occurring table entries, e.g., the rarest combinations of forest type and ownership group or combinations of species and diameter class. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Gartner, D (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM dgartner@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. North Cent. PY 2005 VL 252 BP 149 EP 153 PG 5 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600025 ER PT S AU King, SL AF King, SL BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Comparison of imputation procedures for replacing denied-access plots SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB In forest inventories, missing plots are caused by hazardous terrain, inaccessible locations, or denied access. Maryland had a large number of denied-access plots in the latest periodic inventory conducted by the Northeastern Forest Inventory and Analysis unit. The denial pattern, which can introduce error into the estimates, was investigated by dropping the 1999 denied-access plots in the 1986 periodic inventory. The denied-access plots represented the population in terms of percentages of forest and nonforest, ownership, land use, and cubic-foot volume. Board-foot volume was less representative. Several single imputation group means- "Euclidean type" distance measures, multiple regression imputation, and listwise deletion with the adjustment of the stratum weights-are compared for estimating the missing cubic- and board-foot volume on forest land. Information on the forested condition of the denied-access plot can be found only through photointerpretation (PI) or satellite imagery such as Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics, (MRLC). Results were inconclusive following an examination of the standard and sampling errors for the state or the root mean square errors for the denied-access plots. As a result, 2 to 12 percent of the data in increments of 2 percent were dropped randomly in a simulation study; the missing plot attributes estimated using each technique. The best simulation study procedure for PI-based forest/nonforest stratification is PI stratum classification. The best simulation study procedure for satellite-based forest/nonforest stratification is the listwise deletion alternative. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600026 ER PT S AU Lister, A Scott, C King, S Hoppus, M Butler, B Griffith, D AF Lister, A Scott, C King, S Hoppus, M Butler, B Griffith, D BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Strategies for preserving owner privacy in the national information management system of the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB The Food Security Act of 1985 prohibits the disclosure of any information collected by the USDA Forest Service's FIA program that would link individual landowners to inventory plot information. To address this, we developed a technique based on a "swapping" procedure in which plots with similar characteristics are exchanged, and on a "fuzzing" procedure in which the geographic locations of the plots are randomly perturbed by 805 m. A simulation experiment was performed to assess the effects of fuzzing and swapping. Our results indicate the procedures can provide meaningful information and comply with the law. Further refinements of the technique are ongoing. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Lister, A (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600027 ER PT S AU Roesch, FA AF Roesch, FA BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI The sensitivity of derived estimates to the Measurement Quality Objectives for independent variables SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB The effect of varying the allowed measurement error for individual tree variables upon county estimates of gross cubic-foot volume was examined. Measurement Quality Objectives (MQOs) for three forest tree variables (biological identity, diameter, and height) used in individual tree gross cubic-foot volume equations were varied from the current USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis specifications in a simulation under alternative error models. Assuming unbiased errors may lead to a different control strategy than assuming unbiased errors. Strengthening the MQO for diameter was shown to help reduce the overall variance of volume estimates if diameter errors are slightly biased. Height errors responded favorably to increased control under both the biased and unbiased models. County volume estimates are somewhat robust to the MQOs for biological identity. However, increased control of biological identity did play a more important role when the underlying distributions for diameter and height were assumed to be biased than when these errors were assumed to be unbiased. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Roesch, FA (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 2680, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 173 EP 180 PG 8 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600029 ER PT S AU Sheffield, RM Schweitzer, CJ AF Sheffield, RM Schweitzer, CJ BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Modeling missing remeasurement tree heights in forest inventory data SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB Missing tree heights are often problematic in compiling forest inventory remeasurement data, Heights for cut and mortality trees are usually not available; calculations of removal or mortality volumes must utilize either a modeled height at the time of tree death or the height assigned to the tree at a previous remeasurement. Less often, tree heights are not available for trees that were determined to be missed tally trees in an initial inventory. In these cases, a height is available for the current measurement, but the initial tree height must be modeled or estimated. In this paper, we present a procedure for predicting either a time 1 or time 2 height. The procedure uses actual tree height information for a tree collected at time 1 or time 2 if available. Incorporating the relationship between actual tree height to predicted height provides for an adjustment to height equations that do not incorporate site quality and stand parameters. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Sheffield, RM (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 2680, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600030 ER PT S AU Westfall, JA Hoppus, M AF Westfall, JA Hoppus, M BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Sensitivity of FIA volume estimates to changes in stratum weights and number of strata SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB In the Northeast region, the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program utilizes stratified sampling techniques to improve the precision of population estimates. Recently, interpretation of aerial photographs was replaced with classified remotely sensed imagery to determine stratum weights and plot stratum assignments. However, stratum weights based on remotely sensed data depend on many factors, such as classification algorithm and image selection, County volume estimates and associated variances were calculated over a range of stratum weight scenarios and for various number of strata. Rates of change in estimated values and variances, and their effects on percent sampling error, were examined in relation to different strata configurations. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Westfall, JA (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600032 ER PT S AU Woodall, CW Lutes, DC AF Woodall, CW Lutes, DC BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Sensitivity analysis of Down Woody Material data processing routines SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB Weight per unit area (load) estimates of Down Woody Material (DWM) are the most common requests by users of the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program's DWM inventory. Estimating of DWM loads requires the uniform compilation of DWM transect data for the entire United States. DWM weights may vary by species, level of decay, woody material type, and size. Additionally, weight estimates may vary by compilation constants and methods. To better facilitate DWM compilation routines, the effect of the variation in fuel processing routine constants and measurement error of variables on the resulting DWM load estimates was examined. Sensitivity analysis indicated that some compilation constants and measurement variables disproportionately influenced load estimates of DWM. More accurate and efficient estimates of DWM components may be acquired by identifying compilation constants and measurement variables that are the largest sources of variation in weight estimates. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600033 ER PT S AU Woodall, CW Fiedler, CE AF Woodall, CW Fiedler, CE BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Simulating silvicultural treatments using FIA data SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB Potential uses of the Forest Inventory and Analysis Database (FIADB) extend far beyond descriptions and summaries of current forest resources. Silvicultural treatments, although typically conducted at the stand level, may be simulated using the FIADB for predicting future forest conditions and resources at broader scales. In this study, silvicultural prescription methodologies were simulated using FIA inventory plots from Montana that rated high for fire hazard. Database operations were used to couple the FIADB with the silvicultural prescriptions process, allowing successful simulation of silvicultural treatments. Cut- and leave-tree tables were created for each FIA sample plot using computer "marking" algorithms, allowing estimation of current and future forest attributes (volume, growth, wildfire hazard, and treatment costs). Simple database operations can be used to mimic complex silvicultural prescriptions using FIA inventory data from major ownerships, States, or regions, allowing evaluation of treatment effects and future forest conditions. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600034 ER PT S AU Campbell, RB O'Brien, RA AF Campbell, RB O'Brien, RA BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Spatial information needs on the Fishlake National Forest: Can FIA help? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB National forest staff members are frequently challenged to make assessments with existing information. They rarely have the time or resources to go to the field to gather new data specific to the question at hand. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data have proved useful in the past, but there is an increasing need for spatial depictions of forest resources to address management and planning issues. For example, maps are needed to assess healthy stands, suitable wildlife habitat, marketable harvest areas, desired future conditions, and historical distribution of forest types. The success of FIA-generated map products hinges on good communication with map users throughout the mapmaking process, adequate development and accuracy assessment, ecological integration, and rigorous field testing. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Fishlake Natl Forest, Richfield, UT 84701 USA. RP Campbell, RB (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Fishlake Natl Forest, 115 E 900 N, Richfield, UT 84701 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. North Cent. PY 2005 VL 252 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600035 ER PT S AU Frescino, TS Moisen, GG AF Frescino, TS Moisen, GG BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Predictive mapping of forest attributes on the Fishlake National Forest SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB Forest land managers increasingly need maps of forest characteristics to aid in planning and management. A set of 30-m resolution maps was prepared for the Fishlake National Forest by modeling FIA plot variables as nonparametric functions of ancillary digital data. The set includes maps of volume, biomass, growth, stand age, size, crown cover, and various aspen characteristics. Ancillary data layers included pre-classified TM data, raw TM bands, and topographic variables. Predictive models were built using automated multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and refined using local knowledge and digital orthoquads (DOQs). Validation and application issues are discussed. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Frescino, TS (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. North Cent. PY 2005 VL 252 BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600036 ER PT S AU McCollum, J Jacobs, D AF McCollum, J Jacobs, D BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI TIGER 2000 and FIA SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB The legal foundations of the FIA (Forest Inventory and Analysis) program are laid out. Upon those foundations are built a geographical definition of the United States and its components, and how applying that definition might change from decade to decade. Along the way, the American system of weights and measures as well as the unusual geography of the Commonwealth of Virginia are explained. Some recommendations are offered for the FIA program. C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP McCollum, J (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 223 EP 229 PG 7 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600037 ER PT S AU Riemann, R Lister, A AF Riemann, R Lister, A BE McRoberts, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC McWilliams, WH Cieszewski, CJ TI Regression and geostatistical techniques: Considerations and observations from experiences in NE-FIA SO Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/Meeting of the Southern-Forest-Mensurationists CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP USDA Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, So Forest Mensurationists, Univ Georgia AB Maps of forest variables improve our understanding of the forest resource by allowing us to view and analyze it spatially. The USDA Forest Service's Northeastern Forest Inventory and Analysis unit (NE-FIA) has used geostatistical techniques, particularly stochastic simulation, to produce maps and spatial data sets of FIA variables. That work underscores the importance of generating uncertainty information along with the modeled estimates, the value of incorporating additional satellite and other data into the modeling, and the need to understand the characteristics of the output data set. In our study, we investigated three questions: Does spatial structure matter when satellite-derived and ancillary spatial data sets are incorporated into the modeling of forest attributes? If we use a modeling technique such as multiple linear regression, how do we calculate or estimate the uncertainty? And what are the characteristics of the output data set with respect to the original sample data and the ancillary data used? C1 US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Res Stn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Riemann, R (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Res Stn, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2005 VL 252 BP 231 EP 239 PG 9 WC Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BCE67 UT WOS:000228891600038 ER PT S AU Tarara, JM Pena, JEP Keller, M AF Tarara, JM Pena, JEP Keller, M BE Williams, LE TI Using whole-vine photosynthesis to understand the effects of water deficit on premium wine grapes SO Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Grapevine Physiology and Biotechnology SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Grapevine Physiology and Biotechnology CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Davis, CA DE Vitis vinifera; transpiration; net carbon exchange; regulated deficit irrigation ID FIELD-GROWN GRAPEVINES; VITIS-VINIFERA L; GAS-EXCHANGE; LEAF REMOVAL; STRESS; SAUVIGNON; RESPONSES; SUNLIGHT; QUALITY; SYSTEM AB Whole-vine photosynthesis and transpiration were measured on field-grown Vitis vinifera L. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' under three treatments of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI): 1) standard RDI (weekly applied water at 70% of estimated well-watered vine evapotranspiration [ETw]); 2) early deficit (weekly water applications at 35% of ETw between fruit set and veraison, then a return to the standard treatment); and 3) late deficit (standard treatment until veraison, then weekly water applications at 35% of ETw until harvest). All vines were well-watered from harvest to leaf fall. Whole-vine chambers were deployed for 7-day measurement runs during physiologically important stages: fruit set, pre- and post-veraison, and pre- and post-harvest. Large differences in net carbon exchange and transpiration were observed between vines under standard RDI and those receiving less applied water. Prior to veraison, early-deficit vines fixed 40% less carbon and transpired up to 46% less each day than did vines in the standard treatment, when integrated over 24 h. After veraison, transpiration was 38% less for the late deficit treatment compared to the standard treatment. Even though the early deficit vines had been irrigated at the standard RDI rate, at this time they did not appear to have completely recovered in terms of daily carbon fixed and water transpired. In late-deficit vines, after two to three irrigation cycles under the deficit, reductions in carbon assimilation and transpiration were proportionately similar to those that had been observed in the early-deficit vines before veraison. Only small differences in photosynthesis and transpiration were detected among treatments before and after harvest, when daytime temperatures were lower and day-length was shorter than at veraison. A longer deficit applied between fruit set and veraison reduced seasonal irrigation by 38% with no apparent negative impact on fruit quality, suggesting that reduction in irrigation below current levels of RDI can be accomplished in this region without negative impact on fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Tarara, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-718-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 689 BP 301 EP 307 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Agriculture GA BDO37 UT WOS:000234562000035 ER PT S AU Cousins, P Switras-Meyer, S Vidmar, J Boyden, L Johnston, D AF Cousins, P Switras-Meyer, S Vidmar, J Boyden, L Johnston, D BE Williams, LE TI Segregation of tendril distribution patterning in grapevine populations SO Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Grapevine Physiology and Biotechnology SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Grapevine Physiology and Biotechnology CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Davis, CA DE phyllotactic; continuous; intermittent; cluster; inflorescence; genetic AB Variation in phyllotactic patterning of tendril and cluster distribution is recognized as a distinctive characteristic of grapevine cultivars. We examined the segregation of tendril distribution patterns in seedling populations derived from self-pollination of interspecific Vitis hybrid cultivars and from hybridization of Vitis hybrid cultivars and species. Seedlings of populations resulting from 'Early Catawba', 'Valiant', 'Delaware' and 'Missouri Riesling' controlled self-pollinations and 'Cosmo 10' x V. labrusca 'GBC2' and '161-49C' x 'Q126' controlled hybridizations were grown in a greenhouse and evaluated for tendril patterning at about twelve weeks of age. We scored the presence or absence of tendrils or equivalent accessory organs beginning at the first node bearing a tendril and continuing for a total of six successive nodes. We assigned a numerical score to each seedling according to the average number of tendrils per node. Populations differed in their tendril distribution patterns. The segregation of tendril patterning indicates the action of one or a few major genes conditioning tendril distribution patterning in grapevine. Since tendrils and clusters are developmentally related, genes influencing the distribution patterning of tendrils may also influence the number and distribution of clusters. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Cousins, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, 630 W N St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-718-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 689 BP 541 EP 544 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Agriculture GA BDO37 UT WOS:000234562000067 ER PT B AU Lombard, JE Wagner, BA McCluskey, BJ Garry, FB AF Lombard, J. E. Wagner, B. A. McCluskey, B. J. Garry, F. B. BE Smith, RA TI Production effects of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection based on diagnostic test results SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference of the American-Association-of-Bovine-Practitioners CY SEP, 2003 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Assoc Bovine Practitioners C1 USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lombard, JE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOVINE PRACTITIONER PI STILLWATER PA 3404 LIVE OAK LANE, STILLWATER, OK 74075 USA PY 2005 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BGJ67 UT WOS:000247655100063 ER PT B AU Lombard, JE Smith, RL Wagner, BA McCluskey, BJ AF Lombard, J. E. Smith, R. L. Wagner, B. A. McCluskey, B. J. BE Smith, RA TI Evaluation of environmental sampling to determine distribution and dairy herd infection status for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference of the American-Association-of-Bovine-Practitioners CY SEP, 2003 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Assoc Bovine Practitioners C1 USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lombard, JE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BOVINE PRACTITIONER PI STILLWATER PA 3404 LIVE OAK LANE, STILLWATER, OK 74075 USA PY 2005 BP 190 EP 190 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BGJ67 UT WOS:000247655100064 ER PT B AU Ridpath, JF Neill, JD AF Ridpath, Julia F. Neill, John D. BE Smith, RA TI Outbreaks of severe acute BVDV in Quebec, Ontario and new York state, occurring between 1993 and 1995, linked to the same strain of type 2 BVDV SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference of the American-Association-of-Bovine-Practitioners CY SEP, 2003 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Assoc Bovine Practitioners C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOVINE PRACTITIONER PI STILLWATER PA 3404 LIVE OAK LANE, STILLWATER, OK 74075 USA PY 2005 BP 288 EP 289 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BGJ67 UT WOS:000247655100088 ER PT B AU Ridpath, J Neill, J Becerra, V Eernisse, K Gatewood, D AF Ridpath, J. Neill, J. Becerra, V. Eernisse, K. Gatewood, D. BE Smith, RA TI Reproducible challenge model for BVDV vaccine efficacy studies SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference of the American-Association-of-Bovine-Practitioners CY SEP, 2003 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Assoc Bovine Practitioners C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOVINE PRACTITIONER PI STILLWATER PA 3404 LIVE OAK LANE, STILLWATER, OK 74075 USA PY 2005 BP 290 EP 291 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BGJ67 UT WOS:000247655100090 ER PT S AU Chellemi, DO AF Chellemi, Dan O. BE Vanachter, A TI Integrating soil disinfestation programs into crop production systems SO Proceedings of the VIth International Symposium on Chemical and Non-Chemical Soil and Substrate Disinfestation SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Chemical and Non-Chemical Soil and Substrate Disinfestation CY OCT 04-08, 2004 CL Corfu, GREECE DE conservation tillage; integrated pest management; methyl bromide; soil fumigation; soil solarization ID FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; METHYL-BROMIDE; CORKY ROOT; TOMATO; SOLARIZATION; FUMIGATION; MANAGEMENT; RESIDUES; LETTUCE; FLORIDA AB Additional factors extending far beyond the scope of standard pest control studies must be considered to ensure the successful integration of soil disinfestation programs into commercial crop production systems. Proper identification of pest complexes including the major, minor and sporadic pests and an understanding of their interrelationships with the surrounding environment and land management practices is critical. Where key information is lacking, research must be conducted and validated at both the laboratory and field level. Repeated field trials conducted at multiple locations are necessary to ensure the consideration of a range of biological, cultural environmental conditions. Implementation requires an understanding of the economic, environmental, logistical and political constraints confronting producers and the additional impositions created by adoption of soil disinfestation programs. Often ignored, the transfer of technology from research programs to commercial producers creates opportunities for the agricultural industry to obtain experience and confidence in implementing novel soil disinfestation programs. Examples from attempts to integrate soil disinfestation programs into commercial crop production systems are provided to illustrate the importance of the various additional factors. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Chellemi, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-218-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 698 BP 105 EP 114 PG 10 WC Horticulture; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BEI25 UT WOS:000237311900013 ER PT S AU Meerow, AW AF Meerow, AW BE Tombolato, AFC DiasTagliacozzo, GM TI Molecular genetic characterization of new floricultural germplasm SO Proceedings of the Vth International Symposium on New Floricultural Crops SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on New Floricultural Crops CY AUG 26-31, 2003 CL Parana, BRAZIL DE markers; DNA; plant breeding; QTL; fingerprint; linkage; mapping ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CHLOROPLAST DNA EVOLUTION; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION; RAPD ANALYSIS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; SIMPLE SEQUENCES AB Understanding the genetics of floricultural germplasm represents a value-added component of managing collections. Molecular approaches collectively represent a potential goldmine of important information that can be applied to programs of genetic improvement. In fact, they can be applied to almost every component of a unified germplasm program. The use of molecular markers for genetic diversity analysis and as a selection tool is a high priority for new efforts in the development of ornamental cultivars and the exploitation of species diversity. Molecular marker and DNA sequence analysis of extant and new floricultural germplasm collections should allow a more complete characterization and understanding of the genetic relationships between species and cultivars. With the advent of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, numerous genetic approaches such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), microsatellite DNA (SSR), expressed sequence tags (EST) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in candidate genes are available for germplasm characterization. In addition to estimating genetic diversity, these tools can be utilized to establish molecular markers for phenotypic traits of interest. Once obtained, such markers can be further applied in marker assisted breeding, developing various sorts of genetic maps, and as quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Molecular markers can also be used to confirm the parentage of individuals in a breeding population, for genetic "finger-printing" with application towards intellectual property rights, and also for understanding systematic relationships of cultivated species. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-658-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 683 BP 43 EP 62 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BCY52 UT WOS:000231867400004 ER PT J AU Lee, C Wong, DWS Robertson, GH AF Lee, C Wong, DWS Robertson, GH TI Cloning and characterization of the xyn11A Gene from Lentinula edodes SO PROTEIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hemicellulose; Lentinula edodes; xylanase ID ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; XYLANASE; IDENTIFICATION; CELLULOSE; RESIDUES AB Hemicellulose represents a rich source of biomass that can be converted into useful chemical feedstocks. One of the main components of hemicellulose is xylan, a polymer of xylose residues. Xylanase enzymes that hydrolyze xylan are therefore of great commercial interest. We have cloned a gene (xyn11A) that encodes a 283-amino acid xylanase enzyme from the fungus Lentinula edodes. The enzyme has a pI of 4.6 and belongs to the highly conserved glycosyl hydrolase family 11. The xylanase gene was cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression vector that secretes active enzyme into both solid and liquid media. The optimal reaction conditions were at pH 4.5 and 50degreesC. The enzyme had a K-m of 1.5 mg/ml and a V-max of 2.1 mmol/min/mg. Xyn11A produced primarily xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose from a birchwood xylan substrate. This is the first report on the cloning of a hemicellulase gene from L. edodes. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM clee@pw.usda.gov NR 17 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1572-3887 J9 PROTEIN J JI Protein J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s10930-004-0602-0 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 893PN UT WOS:000226731800003 PM 15756814 ER PT J AU Niemira, BA Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB AF Niemira, BA Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB TI Irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging of endive influences survival and regrowth of Listeria monocytogenes and product sensory qualities SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE irradiation; vegetable; foodborne pathogen; storage ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; DOSE GAMMA-IRRADIATION; CUT ICEBERG LETTUCE; RADIATION SENSITIVITY; SODIUM DIACETATE; SHELF-LIFE; FOODS AB Cut pieces of endive were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes, packaged in gas-impermeable bags in air, 5/5/90% or 10/10/80% CO2, O-2 and N-2 ("Air-0", "5/5" and "10/10", respectively) and irradiated to 0.0 (control), 0.3 or 0.6kGy. At various times during refrigerated storage, samples were taken and a determination made of (a) total microflora, (b) L. monocytogenes, (c) headspace gas composition, (d) color and (e) texture. Irradiation reduced initial microbial counts in a dose-dependant manner. Bacteria regrew during storage on Air-0 samples, but not on 5/5 or 10/10 samples. In each of the three atmospheres, O-2 declined and CO2 increased, irrespective of radiation dose. Irradiated leaf material in Air-0 tended to retain color attributes during storage better than non-irradiated; color retention was more variable under 5/5 and 10/10 packaging. After 8 days, maximum shear force relative to the initial level was significantly reduced in 5/5 at all radiation doses, was not significantly changed in Air-0, and was dose-dependent in 10/10. By 14 days, the texture of all samples had degraded significantly. These results indicate that irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging can be combined to prevent the regrowth of L. monocytogenes during post-irradiation refrigerated storage, thereby improving product safety. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bniemira@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.01.005 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 876CP UT WOS:000225473800007 ER PT J AU Hall, R Loren, GD Willis, S Fillmore, M AF Hall, R Loren, GD Willis, S Fillmore, M TI Radiocarbon, soil, and artifact chronologies for an early southern Oregon coastal site SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID MIGRATION ROUTES; HAIDA-GWAII; AMERICA; CAVE AB Radiocarbon dates together with geoarchaeological, soil, and lithic analyses are presented to describe archaeological site 35-CS-9 in Bandon Ocean Wayside State Park, Oregon, northwestern USA. One of the few Oregon middle-Holocene coastal sites that includes sediments and artifacts dating to the early Holocene and possibly to the late Pleistocene, it was recorded in 1951 and surface surveyed by archaeologists in 1975, 1986, and 1991, but its depth and antiquity were not tested. In February 2002, we studied the site's stratigraphy and sediments and described 8 strata from the aeolian surface to bedrock at 350 cm depth. Soil samples taken from a cut bank for texture classification, particle size analysis, pH, carbon content, and chemical analysis suggested that the site represented a complete history of Holocene deposits. Excavation of 2 test units in August 2002 uncovered substantial lithic and charcoal remains that confirm a protracted middle-Holocene occupation and suggest that human occupation began in the early Holocene. Charcoal recovered at 235-245 cm dated to 11,000 C-14 BP, and the deepest lithic artifact was recovered in a level at 215-225 cm. Whether the human occupation was continuous throughout the Holocene, and whether it began in the early Holocene or in the late Pleistocene, can only be determined with further excavations. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, NRCS, Tangent Soils Off, Tangent, OR 97389 USA. RP Hall, R (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rhall@oregonstate.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 383 EP 394 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 993NK UT WOS:000233960600005 ER PT J AU Heitschmidt, RK Klement, KD Haferkamp, MR AF Heitschmidt, RK Klement, KD Haferkamp, MR TI Interactive effects of drought and grazing on northern great plains rangelands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE plant species composition; primary production; soil water ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; BIOMASS DYNAMICS; BLUE GRAMA; VEGETATION; WHEATGRASS; DEFOLIATION; INTENSITY AB Drought is common in rangeland environments and all understanding of its impacts oil the structure and function of rangeland ecosystems is paramount for developing effective management strategies. This research was the second of a series Of Studies investigating the impacts of varying seasonal droughts oil northern Great Plains rangelands. Research was conducted oil native rangeland during the 1998 through 2001 growing seasons. Study plots were twelve 5 X 10 m nonweighing lysimeters. An automated rainout shelter was used to establish drought conditions on 6 lysimeters during April, May, and June of 1998 and 1999. Single-day, flash grazing events were imposed at the beginning of May, June, and July. Grazing treatments were 1) graze during the 2 years of drought and the year after; 2) graze during the 2 years of drought and rest the year after; and 3) rest all years. Results showed that the intense spring drought reduced soil water content in the upper 30 cm of the soil profile and subsequently reduced total herbage production 20% to 40%; cool-season perennial grasses were the primary contributor to the reduction and cool-season annual grasses were secondary. Periodic grazing during drought had minimal impact oil herbage production, whereas impacts on nondrought plots ranged from moderate enhancement to moderate suppression, with effects varying depending on functional group. Results also showed that substantial recovery occurred during the 1st postdrought year, with near full recovery realized within 2 years. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Heitschmidt, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM rod@larr.ars.usda.gov RI Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014 NR 36 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 32 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58<11:IEODAG>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 023UB UT WOS:000236150600002 ER PT J AU Frank, AB Karn, JE AF Frank, AB Karn, JE TI Shrub effects on carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes over grasslands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE rangeland; carbon sequestration; carbon budget; Bowen ratio; natural ecosystems ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SOIL; PRAIRIE; NORTHERN; SINK; SEQUESTRATION; VEGETATION; VIEWPOINT; STORAGE AB Temperate grasslands are a species-rich ecosystem that may be important in mitigating the increase in atmospheric CO2. The effect of shrub invasion on CO2 fluxes in Northern Great Plains grasslands is not known. The objectives of this research were to determine CO2 and water vapor fluxes over a grazed mixed-grass prairie (prairie site) and a mixed-grass prairie that has extensive invasion of shrubs (shrub prairie site). The Bowen ratio/energy balance (BREB) technique was used to determine CO2 and water vapor (ET) fluxes during a 4-year period from 1 May to 17 October in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. Above ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) were measured about every 21 days throughout the growing season. Peak biomass occurred during July to early August and averaged 1763 kg center dot ha(-1) for the prairie and 1808 kg center dot ha(-1) for herbaceous locations in the shrub prairie site. LAI of the herbaceous locations averaged 0.39 for the prairie site and 0.56 for the shrub prairie site. LAI for the shrubs in the shrub prairie site averaged 4.28. Total growing season CO2 fluxes were similar in prairie and shrub prairie sites, averaging about 350 g CO2 center dot m(-2) (positive flux is CO2 uptake). However, the presence of shrubs altered the seasonal pattern of fluxes. Carbon dioxide fluxes over the shrub prairie site were higher than over the prairie site early in the growing season in May and June, and were often lower than those of the prairie site late in the growing season in August, September, and October. Evapotranspiration rates from May to mid-October were higher in the prairie (521 mm) than the shrub prairie site (461 mm). These results suggest that shrub invasion on Northern Great Plains grasslands does not reduce the potential of grasslands to sequester atmospheric CO2. C1 USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Frank, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Box 459,Hwy 6 S, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM franka@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.2111/04.05.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 023UB UT WOS:000236150600003 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Hewitt, DG AF Campbell, TA Hewitt, DG TI Nutritional value of Guajillo as a component of male white-tailed deer diets SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Acacia berlandieri; detoxification; glucuronic acid; Odocoileus virginianus ID ACACIA-BERLANDIERI; PROTEIN REQUIREMENT; RUMINANTS; DETOXIFICATION; CONSTITUENTS; CONSUMPTION; AMINES AB Guajillo (Acacia berlandieri Benth.) is considered a medium- to high-quality forage for both wild and domestic ruminants. However, studies have shown that guajillo contains phenolic amines and alkaloids, and condensed tannins, which may cause toxicosis and reduced fertility, intake, and nutrient digestibility. To examine the nutritional value of guajillo to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) more thoroughly, we present a comparison of mixed diets of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% guajillo in male white-tailed deer. Four in vivo metabolism trials were completed with each diet. Dry matter intake and change in body mass did not differ among diets. Gross and digestible energy intakes did not differ among diets, whereas metabolizable energy intake decreased with increased dietary guajillo concentration. Nitrogen balance and digestibility decreased with increased dietary guajillo concentration. Urinary glucuronic acid excretion increased linearly with increased dietary guajillo concentration. Nitrogen requirements for body growth and antler development were met by diets containing < 60% guajillo, whereas energy requirements for maintenance and antler growth were met with diets containing < 20% guajillo. Therefore, concentrations of dietary guajillo < 20% will support the maintenance of white-tailed deer. The primary function of guajillo may be to facilitate maintenance of adult deer, which have fewer obligatory productive processes than young deer, during periods of drought. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS,WS,Texas Field Stn, 700 Univ Blvd,MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM Tyler.A.Campbell@aphis.usda.gov NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58<58:NVOGAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 023UB UT WOS:000236150600008 ER PT J AU Michaud, AL Lawrence, P Adlof, R Brenna, JT AF Michaud, AL Lawrence, P Adlof, R Brenna, JT TI On the formation of conjugated linoleic acid diagnostic ions with acetonitrile chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-ESTERS; MILK; ISOMERS; PLASMA; COWS; GAS AB Acetonitrile chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry has recently been shown to be a rapid method for the identification of double-bond position and geometry in methyl esters of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs); however, the structures of intermediate and diagnostic ions and their mechanisms of formation are not known. A mechanism is proposed here in which the m/z 54 ion, (1-methyleneimino)-1-ethenylium (MIE), undergoes nucleophilic attack preferentially by the cis double bond in CLAs with mixed geometry (cis/trans, trans/cis), favoring the observed C-C cleavage vinylic to the trans double bond. The [M+54](+) addition product intermediate is consistent with a heterocyclic six-membered ring resulting from the two-step addition of MIE to the CLA. Experiments with isotopically labeled CLAs and acetonitrile, and from MS/MS/MS experiments, yield data consistent with this proposal. The proposed mechanism is also consistent with known ion-molecule chemistry in smaller compounds, and explains most phenomena associated with MIE-CLA ion chemistry. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Cornell Univ, Div Nutrit Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Oil Chem Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cornell Univ, Div Nutrit Sci, Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jtb4@cornell.edu RI Brenna, James/A-4167-2008 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM071534] NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1002/rcm.1797 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 896CG UT WOS:000226911600011 PM 15645500 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Wall, RJ Pursel, VG Foster-Frey, JA Donovan, DM Dawson, HD Welch, GR Garrett, WG AF Guthrie, HD Wall, RJ Pursel, VG Foster-Frey, JA Donovan, DM Dawson, HD Welch, GR Garrett, WG TI Follicular expression of a human beta-cell leukaemia/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) transgene does not decrease atresia or increase ovulation rate in swine SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR LOCUS; GRANULOSA-CELLS; OVARIAN-FOLLICLES; GENE-EXPRESSION; LITTER SIZE; PIG OVARIES; APOPTOSIS; MICE; DEATH; SURVIVAL AB Transgenic ( TG) gilts carrying a human Bcl- 2 cDNA transgene driven by mouse inhibin-alpha subunit promoter were produced and evaluated to determine if ectopic expression of Bcl- 2 in the ovaries would decrease the frequency of atresia in antral follicles and increase ovulation rate. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the Bcl- 2 transgene protein was expressed in granulosa and theca cells, in 86% of healthy and 54% of atretic follicles analysed in TG prepubertal and Day 50 pregnant gilts combined ( n= 24). In contrast, Bcl- 2 transgene protein was expressed in only 1.4% of healthy and 0% of atretic follicles in non- TG littermates ( n= 13). Real- time reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that human Bcl- 2 was expressed in follicles of TG gilts. The atresia rate for the TG and non- TG groups did not differ ( P > 0.05) for prepubertal ( 45 v. 59%) and Day 50 pregnant gilts ( 53 v. 52%) respectively. The mean +/- s. e. m. ovulation rate did not differ ( P > 0.5) between TG ( 15.9 +/- 0.8, n= 12) and non- TG ( 16.4 +/- 0.6, n= 7) Day 50 pregnant gilts. The molecular basis of the failure of ectopic Bcl- 2 expression to increase the ratio of healthy to atretic follicles is unknown, but it is possible that the activity of the mitochondrial- dependent cell death pathway was not neutralized by ectopic expression of human Bcl- 2 or that other cell death pathways compensated for the decreased mitochondrial- dependent cell death. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Lab Biotechnol & Germplasm, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirement & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Lab Biotechnol & Germplasm, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dave@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2005 VL 17 IS 4 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1071/RD04136 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 915TT UT WOS:000228334900009 PM 15899158 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Welch, GR AF Guthrie, HD Welch, GR TI Effects of hypothermic liquid storage and cryopreservation on basal and induced plasma membrane phospholipid disorder and acrosome exocytosis in boar spermatozoa SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE peanut agglutinin-fluorescein isothiocyanate; membrane integrity; merocyanine; motility ID IN-VITRO; SEMEN ANALYSIS; LIPID PACKING; SPERM; CAPACITATION; BEHAVIOR; STALLION; BULL; BICARBONATE/CO2; PROGESTERONE AB Flow cytometry was utilised to determine whether short- term ( Day 1) or long- term hypothermic liquid storage ( Day 5), or cryopreservation of boar spermatozoa ( 1) caused changes in plasma membrane phospholipid disorder ( MPLD) and acrosome exocytosis ( AE), indicative of an advanced stage of capacitation or acrosome status, and ( 2) facilitated or inhibited the induction of capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Merocyanine with Yo- Pro- 1 and peanut agglutinin - fluorescein isothiocyanate with propidium iodide were used to identify MPLD and AE, respectively, in viable spermatozoa. The incidence of basal sperm MPLD and AE in fresh semen was very low ( 1.1 and 2.2%, respectively) and was increased ( P < 0.05) only a small amount in Day 5 and cryopreserved semen ( 3 - 8%). Compared to no bicarbonate, incubation with bicarbonate increased MPLD, but the response was greatest ( P < 0.05) in fresh sperm( 52.3%) compared with Day 1 ( 36.6%), Day 5 ( 13.9%) and cryopreserved sperm( 13.6%). Incubation with calcium ionophore A23187 increased AE in spermatozoa, but the response was less ( P < 0.05) for fresh ( 34%) and cryopreserved ( 27%) semen than for Day 1 ( 45%) and Day 5 ( 57%) semen. In summary, hypothermic liquid storage and cryopreservation of boar spermatozoa did not advance capacitation or acrosome status in viable spermatozoa, but did alter their responses to induction of capacitation and the acrosome reaction. C1 USDA ARS, Lab Biotechnol & Germplasm, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lab Biotechnol & Germplasm, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dave@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 40 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 5 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2005 VL 17 IS 4 BP 467 EP 477 DI 10.1071/RD05003 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 915TT UT WOS:000228334900010 PM 15899159 ER PT J AU McCann, M Anderson-Sprecher, R Thomas, KP AF McCann, M Anderson-Sprecher, R Thomas, KP TI Statistical comparison between SHRP aggregate physical and chemical properties and the moisture sensitivity of aggregate-binder mixtures SO ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN LA English DT Article DE aggregate; binder; moisture; SHRP statistical AB The physical and chemical properties of aggregates used in the construction of asphalt pavements play a significant role in establishing the moisture sensitivity of the pavement. However, distinguishing the level of contribution of each property has been difficult due to the limitation on the number of variables that can be practically studied in an experimental plan. This paper compares multiple predictor variables associated with the physical and chemical properties of eleven SHRP aggregates. The aggregates were mixed with eight SHRP binders, and the response variable was moisture sensitivity of compacted briquets determined by the freeze-thaw pedestal test. An accelerated failure time, linear regression analysis was used to compare the predictor variables and rank the aggregate properties that contribute to the moisture sensitivity of the briquets. The most important predictor was acid insolubility with calcium content, silicon content, loss on ignition, and the zeta potential all being highly correlated with acid insolubility. Porosity was the second most important predictor variable. In addition, iron, aluminum, and potassium content and surface area were found to impact moisture sensitivity, but these variables were not mutually exclusive. C1 US Forest Serv, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Western Res Inst, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. RP McCann, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Reg 8-Engn 1720 Peachtree Rd, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. EM mmccann@fs.fed.us; sprecher@uwyo.edu; kpthomas@uwyo.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAVOISIER PI CACHAN PA 14, RUE DE PROVIGNY, 94236 CACHAN, FRANCE SN 1468-0629 J9 ROAD MATER PAVEMENT JI Road Mater. Pavement Des. PY 2005 VL 6 IS 2 BP 197 EP 215 PG 19 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 982XL UT WOS:000233195100003 ER PT S AU Ritchie, JC McCarty, GW Venteris, ER Kaspar, TC AF Ritchie, Jerry C. McCarty, Gregory W. Venteris, Erik R. Kaspar, Thomas C. BE Horowitz, AJ Walling, DE TI Using soil redistribution to understand soil organic carbon redistribution and budgets SO Sediment Budgets 2 SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sediment Budgets held at the 7th Scientific Assembly of the International-Association-of-Hydrological-Sciences CY APR 03-09, 2005 CL Foz do Iguaco, BRAZIL SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Continental Eros DE caesium-137; carbon; carbon sequestration; deposition; erosion; soil redistribution; soil organic carbon ID EROSION; CESIUM-137; DEPOSITION; CROPLAND; CS-137; RATES AB Patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) vary across the landscape leading to uncertainties in SOC budgets, especially for agricultural areas where water, wind, and tillage erosion redistribute soil and SOC. This study determined SOC patterns related to soil redistribution in small agricultural fields. Soil redistribution patterns were determined using the fallout caesium-137 technique in agricultural fields in Maryland and Iowa, USA. In two Iowa fields, SOC ranged from 0.5 to 5% whereas in the Maryland field the SOC ranged from 0.4 to 2.9%. Soil organic carbon was statistically significantly correlated with soil Cs-137 inventories and soil erosion/deposition rates. Sites of soil erosion in Iowa and Maryland had significantly lower average concentrations of SOC (2.4% and 1.3%, respectively) than sites of soil deposition (3.4% and 1.6%, respectively). These studies show the impact of soil redistribution patterns, within a field or catchment, and aid in understanding SOC patterns and budgets. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Labs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ritchie, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Labs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Venteris, Erik/0000-0001-9863-6098 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-901502-92-3 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2005 VL 292 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BGM66 UT WOS:000248512900001 ER PT S AU Yoon, SC Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR AF Yoon, SC Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR BE Drummond, OE TI Thresholding for biological material detection in real-time multispectral imaging - art. no. 59131O SO Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY AUG 02-04, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE thresholding; hyperspectral Imaging; multispectral Imaging; food safety; kernel density estimation; biological material detection; poultry ID FECAL CONTAMINATION; POULTRY CARCASSES; SYSTEM AB Recently, hyperspectral image analysis has proved successful for a target detection problem encountered in remote sensing as well as near sensing utilizing in situ instrumentation. The conventional global bi-level thresholding for target detection, such as the clustering-based Otsu's method, has been inadequate for the detection of biologically harmful material on foods that has a large degree of variability in size, location, color, shape, texture, and occurrence time. This paper presents multistep-like thresholding based on kernel density estimation for the real-time detection of harmful contaminants on a food product presented in multispectral images. We are particularly concerned with the detection of fecal contaminants on poultry carcasses in real-time. In the past, we identified 2 optimal wavelength bands and developed a real-time multispectral imaging system using a common aperture camera and a globally optimized thresholding method from a ratio of the optimal bands. This work extends our previous study by introducing a new decision rule to detect fecal contaminants on a single bird level. The underlying idea is to search for statistical separability along the two directions defined by the global optimal threshold vector and its orthogonal vector. Experimental results with real birds and fecal samples in different amounts are provided. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Yoon, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5918-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5913 BP O9131 EP O9131 AR 59131O DI 10.1117/12.615364 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDT84 UT WOS:000235298900049 ER PT J AU Zhang, YQ Zhang, DW Schelhas, J AF Zhang, YQ Zhang, DW Schelhas, J TI Small-scale non-industrial private forest ownership in the United States: Rationale and implications for forest management SO SILVA FENNICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Dimensions of Family and Farm Forestry CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2004 CL Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA HO Washington State Univ DE non-industrial private forest; forest land parcelization; timber supply; transaction costs; economic efficiency; land use change ID OBJECTIVES; LANDOWNER; ECONOMICS; BEHAVIOR AB The transaction cost approach is used to explain why small non-industrial private forest (NIPF) ownerships are increasing in the U.S. We argue that the number of small NIPF owners have increased because: 1) a significant amount of forestland is no longer used economically if primarily for timber production, but rather for non-timber forest products and environmental services (particularly where population density is high), 2) when a person makes frequent use of non-timber products and services, owning forestland is more efficient for them because it saves the transaction costs involved in getting them from the market, 3) forestland parcelization takes place when lion-timber value increases faster than timber value, and 4) marginal value for non-timber product is diminishing much faster than that for timber production. The paper also discusses implications of the parcelization of NIPF ownerships on forest management. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Tuskegee Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Zhang, YQ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM yaoqi.zhang@auburn.edu NR 51 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 19 PU FINNISH SOC FOREST SCIENCE-NATURAL RESOURCES INST FINLAND PI VANTAA PA PO BOX 18, FI-01301 VANTAA, FINLAND SN 0037-5330 EI 2242-4075 J9 SILVA FENN JI Silva. Fenn. PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 443 EP 454 AR 378 DI 10.14214/sf.378 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 976NA UT WOS:000232739100010 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE Wendt, DG Liknes, GC AF McRoberts, Ronald E. Wendt, Daniel G. Liknes, Greg C. TI Stratified estimation of forest inventory variables using spatially summarized stratifications SO SILVA FENNICA LA English DT Article DE bias; classified satellite imagery; Internet; precision; variance AB Large area natural resource inventory programs typically report estimates for selected geographic areas such as states or provinces, counties, and municipalities. To increase the precision of estimates, inventory programs may use stratified estimation, with classified satellite imagery having been found to be an efficient and effective basis for stratification. For the benefit of users who desire additional analyses, the inventory programs often make data and estimation procedures available via the Internet. For their own analyses, users frequently request access to stratifications used by the inventory programs. When data analysis is via the Internet and stratifications are based on classifications of even medium resolution satellite imagery, the memory requirements for storing the stratifications and the online time for processing them may be excessive. One solution is to summarize the stratifications at coarser spatial scales, thus reducing both storage requirements and processing time. If the bias and loss of precision resulting from using summaries of stratifications is acceptably small, then this approach is viable. Methods were investigated for using summaries of stratifications that do not require storing and processing the entire pixel-level stratifications. Methods that summarized satellite image-based 30 m x 30 m pixel stratifications at spatial scales up to 2400 ha produced stratified estimates of the mean that were generally within 5-percent of estimates for the same areas obtained using the pixel stratifications. In addition, stratified estimates of variances using summarized stratifications realized nearly all the gain in precision that was obtained with the underlying pixel stratifications. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU FINNISH SOC FOREST SCIENCE-NATURAL RESOURCES INST FINLAND PI VANTAA PA PO BOX 18, FI-01301 VANTAA, FINLAND SN 0037-5330 EI 2242-4075 J9 SILVA FENN JI Silva. Fenn. PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 559 EP 571 AR 478 DI 10.14214/sf.478 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 998ZY UT WOS:000234359600008 ER PT J AU Zalesny, RS Hall, RB Bauer, EO Riemenschneider, DE AF Zalesny, RS Hall, RB Bauer, EO Riemenschneider, DE TI Soil temperature and precipitation affect the rooting ability of dormant hardwood cuttings of Populus SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article ID WATER RELATIONS; HYBRID POPLAR; PICEA-GLAUCA; EARLY GROWTH; TREMULOIDES; BIOMASS; CLONES; TREES; NITROGEN; DROUGHT AB In addition to genetic control, responses to environmental stimuli affect the success of rooting. Our objectives were to: 1) assess the variation in rooting ability among 21 Populus clones grown under varying soil temperatures and amounts of precipitation and 2) identify combinations of soil temperature and precipitation that promote rooting. The clones belonged to five genomic groups ([R trichocarpa Torr. & Gray x R deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh] x R deltoides 'BC'; R deltoides 'D'; R deltoides x R maximowiczii A. Henry 'DM'; R deltoides x R nigra L. 'DN'; R nigra x R maximowiczii 'NM'). Cuttings, 20 cm long, were planted in Iowa and Minnesota, USA, in randomized complete blocks at 1.2- x 2.4-m spacing across three planting dates during 2001 and 2002. Soil temperatures were converted to belowground growing degree days (GDD) (base temperature = 10 degrees C) accumulated over 14 days. Genomic groups responded similarly for root dry weight, number of roots, total root length, and mean root length, that increased as belowground GDD increased. Belowground GDD and precipitation governed rooting throughout the 14-d growing period. A minimum of four days above 14 degrees C, along with sufficiently dispersed precipitation (e.g. no more than 3 d without a precipitation event), were needed to sustain above-average rooting. Therefore, we recommend using a base temperature of 14 degrees C for future models estimating belowground GDD in northern temperate zones. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zalesny, RS (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, N Cent Res Stn,5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM rzalesny@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 47 EP 58 PG 12 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 962BL UT WOS:000231705900003 ER PT B AU Moser, WK Hansen, MH Miles, P Johnson, B McRoberts, R AF Moser, WK Hansen, MH Miles, P Johnson, B McRoberts, R GP IEEE Computer Society TI The virtual analyst program: A small scale data-mining, error-analysis and reporting function SO SIXTEENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DATABASE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Copenhagen Business Sch, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Danish Minist Sci, Technol & Innov, DEXA Assoc, Austrian Comp Soc, Res Inst Appl Knowledge Proc, FAW Software Engn GmbH HO Copenhagen Business Sch DE automatic reports; data mining; error checking; forest inventory; North Central United States AB The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the U.S.D.A. Forest Service conducts ongoing comprehensive inventories of the forest resources of the United States. Covering 11 states in the Upper Midwest, the North Central Region FIA (NCFIA) program has three tasks: (1) core reporting function, which produces the annual and 5-year inventory reports; (2) forest health measurements; and (3) scientific analysis of questions and themes that arise from our data. Annual reports provide updated views of the extent, composition, and change of a state's forests. These reports have a standard format divided into three broad categories of area, volume, and change. These annual reports also provide important early trend alerts and error checking functions. Data stored in the FIA database provide the "raw material" that analysts use to prepare the reports. The Virtual Analyst program at NCFIA is designed to serve these multiple needs. Incorporating our understanding of important trends and relationships, and "red flags" to be aware of this program seeks to automate the more repetitive functions of producing reports while highlighting any anomalies that may require an analyst's investigation. This paper discusses the underlying program logic and design of the prototype. We will work backwards from the Web-based application product (Net Technology) to information-generating vehicles that connect to the forest inventory database. Finally, we will discuss the opportunity to expand this report-writing function into a customized, user-defined data query and analysis function. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Inventory Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Inventory Anal Program, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM wkmoser@fs.fed.us NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2424-9 PY 2005 BP 691 EP 695 DI 10.1109/DEXA.2005.185 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDB89 UT WOS:000232421900117 ER PT B AU Wilson, BT Ibes, WS AF Wilson, BT Ibes, WS GP IEEE Computer Society TI Forest inventory and analysis information delivery architecture SO Sixteenth International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Copenhagen Business Sch, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Danish Minist Sci, Technol & Innov, DEXA Assoc, Austrian Comp Soc, Res Inst Appl Knowledge Proc, FAW Software Engn GmbH HO Copenhagen Business Sch AB The Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, is developing a new generation of tools based on XML, designed as a service-oriented architecture, and written in Java using established open standards and toolkits. This effort is in response to the opportunity provided by Web services technologies to create an enterprise software development environment of loosely connected applications and services. When based on communication standards rather than specific implementation technologies, these applications and services are capable of a great degree of interoperability and reuse. The U.S. E-Government initiative is aligned with this paradigm and calls for an information architecture that is service-oriented, highly interoperable, and standards-based. This document presents the organizational context and technical details of the N-tier, service-oriented architecture being developed to support this effort. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Wilson, BT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2424-9 PY 2005 BP 706 EP 710 DI 10.1109/DEXA.2005.95 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDB89 UT WOS:000232421900120 ER PT S AU Kandala, CVK Butts, CL AF Kandala, CVK Butts, CL BE White, EV TI Nondestructive method to estimate moisture content in single nuts and grain from RF Impedance measurements with a Oarallel-plate sensor SO Smart Structures and Materials 2005: Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2005 Conference CY MAR 07-10, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Sage Publicat, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, KAIST, Smart Infra Struct Technol Ctr DE moisture content; capacitance; phase angle; peanuts AB A method to determine the moisture content from the complex impedance measurements of a parallel-plate capacitor with a single shelled or in-shell peanut between the plates, at two frequencies 1 and 5 MHz, is described here. Capacitance (C), phase angle (0) and dissipation factor (D) of the parallel-plate system at the two frequencies were measured. Using these values in a derived empirical equation, the moisture content (mc) of the peanuts was estimated to an accuracy of within 1% of the standard air-oven value. The moisture range of the peanuts tested was between 5 and 20%. The method is rapid and nondestructive and was found earlier to be applicable in certain types of grain such as corn. The study establishes a basis for the development of a practical instrument that could be useful in the grain and peanut industry. C1 USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Kandala, CVK (reprint author), USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, 1011 Forrester Dr,POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5743-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5762 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.598439 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCN14 UT WOS:000230112600008 ER PT J AU Rojas, MG Werle, C Cottrell, N Morales-Ramos, JA AF Rojas, MG Werle, C Cottrell, N Morales-Ramos, JA TI Changes in the ratios of four cuticular hydrocarbons in Formosan subterranean termite workers (Coptotermes formosanus)(Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) due to diet SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Formosan subterranean termite; cuticular hydrocarbons; diet; changes ID COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; SHIRAKI ISOPTERA; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; RETICULITERMES; RECOGNITION; COLONIES; CUTICLE AB Colonies of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were located and collected from eight sites in Mississippi and Louisiana. from January through July 2004 using two different collection methods. Quantitative and qualitative assessments were made of the cuticular hydrocarbons extracted from samples of these termites as they were collected from the field and again after being established as lab colonies using GC/MS. The most abundant fatty acid detected was oleic, followed by stearic, palmitic, and palmitoleic acids. Results of this analysis indicate that diet contributes to variability in the ratios of fatty acids in termite workers, and thus may affect recognition and agonistic behavior between termites. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Ctr, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Rojas, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM rojas@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2005 VL 46 IS 1 BP 131 EP 140 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943UD UT WOS:000230379200011 ER PT J AU Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG AF Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG TI Growth of young colonies of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) feeding on single versus multiple wood species SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Formosan subterranean termite; nutrition; foraging; soldier proportion; pecan ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; SOLDIER DIFFERENTIATION; NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY; SURVIVAL; SHIRAKI; MAINTENANCE; CHINA AB The impact of diet diversity on growth of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) colonies was studied. Groups of 22 one-year-old colonies of C. formosanus were fed different combinations of 3 wood species or one of 5 single species of wood including loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa Laws.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.), and birch (Betula alleghaniensis Briton). The colonies were allowed to grow for 14 mo at 27 +/- 1 degrees C and 93 +/- 5% RH. The effect of diet diversity on colony growth was measured and compared. Colonies feeding on a diverse diet exhibited a slightly faster growth than colonies feeding on single wood species; however, those differences were not statistically significant. Only colonies feeding on loblolly pine alone showed significantly lower growth than colonies feeding on a diverse diet that included loblolly pine. Statistical comparison of colony growth between groups feeding on diets with and without pecan showed a significantly greater growth in colonies feeding on diets that included pecan. Colonies feeding on diets that included both loblolly pine and ponderosa pine had a significantly higher soldier proportion than colonies feeding on diets that included only one of these species or none. Termite workers fed on all the wood species presented, but, at different rates. The role of food diversity and feeding choices on termite nutrition is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Morales-Ramos, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jmorales@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2005 VL 46 IS 1 BP 155 EP 173 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943UD UT WOS:000230379200013 ER PT J AU Copren, KA Geard, N AF Copren, KA Geard, N TI An individual based model examining the emergence of cooperative recognition in a social insect (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cooperation; agent-based model; aggressive behavior; Reticulitermes; termite; nestmate recognition ID CUTICULAR HYDROCARBON PHENOTYPES; NESTMATE RECOGNITION; RETICULITERMES ISOPTERA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; INTERSPECIFIC AGONISM; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; KIN RECOGNITION; TERMITES; AGGRESSION AB We use an agent-based model to simulate the expression of recognition behavior in the form of aggression among individual workers within colonies of subterranean termites. Inter- and intraspecific recognition in the form of overt aggression varies in the genus Reticulitermes. Three patterns have emerged from nestmate recognition studies in termites: 1) interspecific aggression is often stronger and more immediate than intraspecific aggression, 2) a loss of genetic diversity may result in a loss of aggression, 3) with laboratory bioassays, single individuals don't show overt aggression, whereas groups do. We create an agent-based model that simulates these patterns to understand the mechanisms that create them. We assume that there are three components to successful recognition of alien individuals: the variation in recognition cues among different colonies, signaling among individuals in the same colony, and variation in response thresholds of individuals within the same colony. The results suggest that if cue difference is not significantly variable, and response thresholds are high, aggressive behavior will not be expressed. Under these situations, social signaling becomes increasingly important. The model provides a simple mechanistic description of how aggressive behavior emerges from simple worker-to-worker interactions, and explains a possible reason for a group effect in laboratory bioassays. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Queensland, Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4075, Australia. RP Copren, KA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM kcopren@hotmail.com OI Geard, Nicholas/0000-0003-0069-2281 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2005 VL 46 IS 2 BP 349 EP 361 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 962RY UT WOS:000231751100010 ER PT J AU Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG AF Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG TI Testing methods for improving survival of incipient colonies of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) for laboratory comparisons SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Formosan subterranean termite; colony growth; culture; fecundity; colorant ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; CHITIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; BIOLOGY; SHIRAKI; WOOD; ECOLOGY; GROWTH; SIZE AB Five variants of an alpha-cellulose-based diet for rearing incipient colonies of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were compared. The basic diet formulation consisted of 33.54% alpha cellulose, 66.14% water, 0.24% lecithin, and 0.08% ergosterol. The variant formulations included 1) basic formulation alone, 2) basic formulation with 50 ppm of solvent blue 58 colorant, 3) basic formulation with 50 ppm of solvent blue 58 colorant, 4) 80% basic formulation and 20% loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) dust, and 5) 1: 1 mix of basic formulation and loblolly pine dust. Groups of 90 incipient colonies (one group for each diet variant) were provided with 1g of diet in small tight-seal dishes (50 X 9 mm). Eggs and progeny of colonies were counted each month without opening the containers. After six months dishes were opened to count progeny of colonies. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in queen fecundity and colony size at the end of 6 months among the diet treatments. Colony survival was significantly higher in the diet formulation with 50 ppm of blue colorant compared to all other diets. Colonies feeding on diets with pine dust had a significantly lower survival than those feeding on diets without pine dust. These results show that solvent blue 58 in low concentrations increases the survival of incipient colonies in culture without affecting queen fecundity or colony growth. The usefulness of diet formulations with solvent blue colorant on increasing survival and improving sample sizes for biological comparisons is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Morales-Ramos, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jmorales@msa-stonevile.ars.usda.gov OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2005 VL 46 IS 2 BP 375 EP 384 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 962RY UT WOS:000231751100012 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Lloyd, SW Lovisa, MP Williams, KS AF Cornelius, ML Lloyd, SW Lovisa, MP Williams, KS TI Presence of naphthalene detected in sawdust decayed by a lignin-degrading fungus and its effect on the feeding and trail-following behavior of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; feeding behavior; trail-following behavior; naphthalene ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES ISOPTERA; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; NATURAL-RESISTANCE; RESPONSES; CEDAR; NESTS AB This study examined chemical differences in redwood sawdust that had been decayed by the lignin-degrading basidiomycete, Marasmiellus troyanus (Murrill) Singer compared with redwood sawdust without fungus using solid phase microextraction (SPME). The presence of naphthalene was detected in sawdust decayed by the fungus, but not in the sawdust without fungus. Further investigation determined that concentrations of naphthalene in the headspace of decayed sawdust samples averaged 2.12 ppb. The effect of naphthalene on feeding behavior was determined by comparing consumption of naphthalene-treated and solvent-treated filter paper disks in paired choice tests. There were no significant differences in consumption of disks at concentrations of naphthalene ranging from 1 ppb to 1000 ppm. The effect of naphthalene on trail-following behavior was determined using glass y-tubes where one arm was treated with naphthalene and the other arm was treated with the solvent alone. Naphthalene did not elicit trail-following behavior of either soldiers or workers when trails were laid at concentrations ranging from 10 mu g/mu l to 0.01 mu g/mu l. The presence of low concentrations of naphthalene in carton nests of C. formosanus may be the result of its release as a by-product of the process of lignin degradation. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2005 VL 46 IS 2 BP 397 EP 408 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 962RY UT WOS:000231751100014 ER PT J AU Shelton, TG Bell, CD Wagner, TL AF Shelton, TG Bell, CD Wagner, TL TI Lack of transfer of permethrin among nestmates of Reticulitermes flavipes in laboratory trials (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE permethrin; Reticulitermes flavipes; transfer; liquid termiticides; soil barrier; Eastern subterranean termite ID FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; TERMITICIDES; EASTERN; BLATTELLIDAE; DICTYOPTERA; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE AB The movement of some soil termiticides among subterranean termites from exposed to naive individuals has raised some interesting questions. Thus far, the only compounds specifically examined for transfer have been termiticides with delayed action, non-repellent active ingredients. We hypothesized that movement of pesticide is possible even for traditional fast-acting repellent termiticides, when applied at concentrations that do not immediately kill the exposed individuals. A simple donor-recipient experiment examining the possibility of transfer of permethrin (as Prelude (R)) among nestmates of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) was performed to test this hypothesis. Results indicated that permethrin is not passed among termites in laboratory settings at the rates used, suggesting that delayed-activity and non-repellence may be necessary traits for the transfer of a termiticide. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Shelton, TG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM tshelton@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 920SU UT WOS:000228711200006 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML AF Cornelius, ML TI Effect of particle size of different sands on the tunneling behavior of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; particle size; tunneling rate; gallery construction ID FIELD POPULATIONS; BARRIERS; PENETRATION AB This study examined the effect of particle size on the tunneling behavior of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, by comparing the rate of tunneling in sand that is uniformly coarse (20-30 mesh =.84-.59 mm), uniformly fine (100-120 mesh =.149-.125 mm), and play sand, a mixture of coarse to medium-grained particles (20-50 mesh =.84-.30 mm), that also included a small number of very coarse particles (10-18 mesh = 1-2 mm). Particle size had a highly significant effect on the rate of tunneling. In paired choice tests, termites tunneled completely through pipette tips filled with coarse sand first when paired with either fine or play sand in all the replicates and through play sand first when paired with fine sand in all but one of the replicates. In no-choice tests, termites tunneled through coarse sand faster than either play or fine sand and through play sand faster than fine sand. In no-choice tests, the colony with the significantly greater average worker weights tunneled faster than the colony with smaller average worker weights. However, when the experimental design was changed, there were no significant differences in time taken to tunnel through sand-filled tubing by the two colonies. Hence, in this study, effect of average worker weights on the rate of tunneling depended on the design of the bioassay. The total area tunneled in sand-filled test chambers was significantly greater in replicates filled with either coarse or play sand compared with fine sand after 24 and 48 h, but the area tunneled was not significantly different between coarse and play sand after 24 or 48 h. Termites were able to tunnel more rapidly through coarse sand than either play or fine sand by picking up and moving individual coarse particles. Since these individual particles were larger than the other sand particles, there were fewer individual particles for termites to move. Constructing new tunnels in fine sand required the most effort by termites. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM mcorneli@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 173 EP 184 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 920SU UT WOS:000228711200016 ER PT J AU Park, YI Raina, AK AF Park, YI Raina, AK TI Light sensitivity in workers and soldiers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; castes; light; phototaxis; foraging location ID RETICULITERMES-SANTONENSIS; FEYTAUD ISOPTERA; ORIENTATION; BEHAVIOR; SEARCH; WOOD AB Photosensitivity of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was tested in workers, pre-soldiers, and soldiers of various ages. Responses leading to possible foraging behaviors under laboratory bioassay conditions were also determined in response to various light intensities. Whereas workers and pre-soldiers avoid light of all intensities, soldiers while avoiding the light attain a defensive posture by lining up their heads pointing toward the edge of the light source. The tunneling assay further showed that subterranean termites avoid light, and foraging in exposed areas is facilitated by the construction of an opaque mud screen. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Park, YI (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 42 U2 52 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2 BP 367 EP 376 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 920SV UT WOS:000228711300010 ER PT J AU Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG AF Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG TI Wood consumption rates of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae): a three-year study using groups of workers and soldiers SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; feeding; survival; neotenic reproductives; caste differentiation ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; LACTEUS FROGGATT; FIELD COLONIES; MAINTENANCE; PROPORTION; SURVIVAL; ECOLOGY AB Wood consumption of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki groups consisting of 200 workers and 50 soldiers was measured over time intervals of 2 mo at 27 degrees C, 95% RH, at constant darkness for a period of 32 months. Consumption of wood was compared between termite groups feeding on yellow birch, Betula alleghaniensis Britton, and loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. Wood consumption was significantly higher in the loblolly pine treatment, but the rate of decline of group wood consumption rates over time was not significantly different between treatments. Differences in consumption rate may have been due to differences in wood hardness rather than feeding preferences. Mean life span of termite groups was 518.3 +/- 46.5 and 584.3 +/- 51.1 days for the yellow birch and loblolly pine treatments, respectively. Approximately 30% of the termite groups exceeded a life span of 2 years; however, no termites differentiated into neotenic reproductives in any of the groups. Decline in wood consumption rates with group age fitted a negative linear model, which was used to estimate per capita wood consumption rates. Per capita wood consumption rates were estimated to be 86.9 +/- 2.2 and 101.3 +/- 1.2 mu g/day for birch and loblolly pine food treatments, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Morales-Ramos, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jmorales@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 BP 707 EP 719 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 920SX UT WOS:000228711500015 ER PT J AU Raina, A Florane, C AF Raina, A Florane, C TI Survival and growth of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) on various types of wood used in construction SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; colony formation; survival; wood ID NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY; BEHAVIOR AB The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermesfonnosanus, is a serious pest of wooden structures and live trees in several southern states and Hawaii. We tested five types of wood and wood composites; spruce (Picea sp.), southern pine (Pinus sp.), redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), plywood and Oriented Strand Board (OSB) for survival and incipient colony formation by primary reproductives and, mortality and feeding by workers of C. formosanus. None of the primary reproductives survived on redwood and OSB. On the remaining three wood types, mortality ranged from 31.1% for pine to 48.9% for plywood. Mean number of progeny did not differ significantly between these three woods. Workers, on the other hand, survived on all the test woods, but mortality was highest (62.9%) for OSB and lowest for spruce (19.2%). Wood type and colony both had significant effect on consumption with the highest mean consumption recorded for spruce. The results indicate that redwood and OSB can not support the development of incipient colonies and also adversely affect worker survival thereby provide some degree of protection against subterranean termite damage. C1 USDA ARS, FSTRU, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Raina, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, FSTRU, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM araina@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 BP 787 EP 796 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 920SX UT WOS:000228711500020 ER PT J AU Ezenwa, IV Kalmbacher, RS Williams, MJ Gary, LA Arthington, JD AF Ezenwa, IV Kalmbacher, RS Williams, MJ Gary, LA Arthington, JD TI Leucaena as a supplement for goats grazing bahiagrass in south Florida SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the Soil-and-Crop-Science-Society-of-Florida CY MAY 19-21, 2004 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Soil & Crop Sci Soc Florida ID DRIED LEUCAENA; BOER GOATS; PERFORMANCE; LEUCOCEPHALA; SELECTIVITY; METABOLISM; MIMOSINE; PASTURE; AFRICA; GROWTH AB Goats require protein supplementation while grazing bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) during summer in Florida. We measured weight gains of Boer x Spanish goats (6-7 mo old) in July-November, 2003 (140 d) while grazing leucaena [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit] with bahiagrass (LEUC), compared with grazing bahiagrass alone (CON), or bahiagrass with soybean (Glycine max L.) meal fed at 50% of daily protein requirement (SBM). All goats received one-third of their daily energy requirement. Goats were continuously stocked on SBM and CON at 22 goats ha(-1). Goats on LEUC were inoculated with mimosine-detoxifying microbes (Synergistes jonesii), were stocked at 11 goats ha(-1), and were rotated every 28 d between two paddocks. Average daily gains were positive on LEUC in each of the five, 28-d weigh periods, but nil or negative in SBM and CON on two occasions in October and November. Over 140 d of grazing, goats on LEUC grew faster (P = 0.0016) at 59 g d(-1) and gained 8.3 kg head(-1) than those on SBM and CON with 31 and 23 g d(-1), and 4.3 and 3.3 kg head(-1), respectively. Total liveweight gains per unit of land were similar (P = 0.2532) among the treatments, and averaged 94, 97, and 74 kg ha(-1) for LEUC, SBM, and CON, respectively. Leucaena results in greater individual weight gains for meat goats grazing bahiagrass in the summer than feeding a supplement that provides 50% of daily protein requirement. C1 SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL 33948 USA. USDA ARS, STARS, Brooksville, FL 34691 USA. Coop Ext Ser, Wauchula, FL 33873 USA. RP Ezenwa, IV (reprint author), SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. EM ivezenwa@ifas.ufl.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOIL CROP SCIENCE SOC FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA C/O UNIV FLORIDA, PO BOX 110290, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611-0290 USA SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 2005 VL 64 BP 66 EP 71 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 984VS UT WOS:000233334100010 ER PT J AU Mislevy, P Burton, GW Blount, AR Martin, FG AF Mislevy, P Burton, GW Blount, AR Martin, FG TI Dry biomass yield and nutritive value of bahiagrass cultivars in central Florida SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the Soil-and-Crop-Science-Society-of-Florida CY MAY 19-21, 2004 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Soil & Crop Sci Soc Florida ID PENSACOLA BAHIAGRASS; GRAZING FREQUENCY; GRASSES; MATTER AB Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) is grown on 75% of Florida's improved pastures and a major pasture grass in southeastern U.S.A. However, since there is a need to find better cultivars, six bahiagrass entries consisting of cultivars 'Argentine', 'Pensacola', and 'Tifton 9' as standards were compared with experimental lines of bahiagrass developed at Tifton, GA; 'Tifton 7' (a tetraploid bahiagrass), and two recurrent restricted phenotypic selection (RRPS) populations 'RRPS Cycle 18' and 'RRPS Cycle 23' over 3 yr. The randomized complete block experiment was harvested from April to December each year on 30-d intervals, to a 7-cm stubble, and dry biomass (DB) yield, crude protein (CP), in vitro organic matter digestion (IVOMD) were determined. There was no difference between Tifton 7, Tifton 9, Cycle 18, Cycle 23, and Argentine in annual DB yield (11.6 Mg ha(-1)). However, Tifton 7 and Tifton 9 (12.0 Mg ha(-1)) were higher than Pensacola (10.3 Mg ha(-1)). Differences in forage CP concentration and IVOMD were not consistent among bahiagrass entries from year to year, regardless of harvest period. However, forage CP and rVOMD concentrations were generally highest in April (157 and 534 g kg(-1)), October (157 and 542 g kg(-1)), and December (177 and 587 g kg(-1)), respectively. Crude protein and rVOMD concentrations in the June (113 and 467 g kg(-1)) and August (122 and 482 g kg(-1)) were always the lowest, respectively. The results of this study may be useful in assisting plant breeders and growers to make better choices when selecting bahiagrass cultivars for pasture renovation. C1 Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL 33865 USA. USDA ARS, Forage & Turf Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mislevy, P (reprint author), Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL 33865 USA. EM pmislevy@ifas.ufl.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOIL CROP SCIENCE SOC FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA C/O UNIV FLORIDA, PO BOX 110290, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611-0290 USA SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 2005 VL 64 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 984VS UT WOS:000233334100012 ER PT J AU Morris, DR AF Morris, DR TI Dry matter allocation and root morphology of sugarcane, sawgrass, and St. Augustinegrass due to water-table depth SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the Soil-and-Crop-Science-Society-of-Florida CY MAY 19-21, 2004 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Soil & Crop Sci Soc Florida ID EVERGLADES AGRICULTURAL AREA AB Peat soils in the Everglades Agricultural area of south Florida are subsiding and releasing nutrients in waterways due to decomposition by aerobic microorganisms. Restoring peat soil in the Everglades involves adding organic matter back to the soil as did the native sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense Crantz) in predrainage time and removing nutrients from soil water. It is not certain if sawgrass is more efficient at accumulating dry matter (DM) than agricultural crops. This experiment was conducted to compare DM yield distributions and root morphology of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), sawgrass, and St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] growing under different water-table depths. Plants were grown outside in 38-L pots containing a Pahokee muck soil (Euic, hyperthermic Lithic Haplosaprist) under 15- and 30-cm water tables. All plants were harvested after 11 mo. Across water-table treatments, sugarcane produced 55 kg m(-2) total DM (above plus below ground), while sawgrass and St. Augustinegrass had similar total DM yields averaging 5 kg m(-1). Sawgrass allocated 34% of its DM below ground averaged across water-table depths compared with 14 and 8% for sugarcane and St. Augustinegrass, respectively. However, sugarcane had 4 and 20 times more below ground DM than sawgrass and St. Augustinegrass, respectively. Sugarcane had 308 km m(-3) of total root length averaged across water-table treatments compared with an average of 24 km m(-1) for sawgrass and St. Augustinegrass, indicating that sugarcane had a much greater potential for absorbing nutrients. Sugarcane appears to have potential for building peat soil in the Everglades while reducing nutrient loading in ground water and allowing for coexistence of agriculture in soil restoration efforts. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Pt, FL 33438 USA. RP Morris, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Pt, FL 33438 USA. EM dmorris@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL CROP SCIENCE SOC FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA C/O UNIV FLORIDA, PO BOX 110290, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611-0290 USA SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 2005 VL 64 BP 80 EP 86 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 984VS UT WOS:000233334100013 ER PT J AU Molina, JAE Clapp, CE Allmaras, RR Layese, MF AF Molina, JAE Clapp, CE Allmaras, RR Layese, MF TI Simulation of nitrogen rhizodeposition and assimilation back into corn (Zea mays L.) roots SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rhizosphere; mineralization-immobilization turnover; exudates; carbon cycle; N fertilization; NCSWAP; NCSOIL ID TILLAGE-RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; N MINERALIZATION; CARBON; MODEL; DECOMPOSITION; CALIBRATION; BEHAVIOR; NCSWAP; NCSOIL AB The objectives were to quantify the dynamics of N exchange between corn root and soil under field conditions and to compute the amount of N-rhizodeposition that is recycled back into corn by maturity. In a previous publication the simulation model NCSWAP/NCSOIL was used to quantify the release of organic-C from corn and its incorporation into soil organic matter. In this publication, results from the same simulations but pertinent to N are presented. The model was calibrated against measured N concentration in corn and soil and N-15 enrichment data obtained from a long-term field experiment located near St Paul, MN. Field management included rototillage, the removal of stover-residue and grain and 4 fertilizer N treatments: 200 and 20 Kg N ha(-1) added yearly from 1980 to 1992, with N-15 added with the fertilizer from 1980 until either 1985 or 1992. The same total amount of N-15 was added with the 200 and 20 Kg N ha(-1) fertilizer: 4 and 40 N-15 at.%, respectively. Corn roots released 24 % of total N uptake. This loss was mitigated by the recycling of 14 % of N-rhizodeposition into corn by maturity. N-15 enrichment in corn and soil was higher for the 200 than the 20 Kg N ba(-1) treatment. This resulted from the rapid N mineralization-immobilization turnover that channelled N through the inorganic N pool whose N-15 enrichment was fixed yearly to that of the fertilizer. Tracer N enrichment decreased more rapidly in corn than in soil from 1986 to 1992 when tracer N was no longer added with the fertilizer, and by 1992, N-15 was localized in the stable pool and flushed from the more labile pools. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Molina, JAE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jamolina@umn.edu OI molina, jean-alex/0000-0002-5510-3109 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.06.009 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 887XN UT WOS:000226338900009 ER PT J AU Kelleners, TJ Robinson, DA Shouse, PJ Ayars, JE Skaggs, TH AF Kelleners, TJ Robinson, DA Shouse, PJ Ayars, JE Skaggs, TH TI Frequency dependence of the complex permittivity and its impact on dielectric sensor calibration in soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; CAPACITANCE PROBE SENSORS; WATER-CONTENT; WAVE-FORMS; MOISTURE; CONDUCTIVITY; CONSTANT; DESIGN; MODEL; CLAY AB The capacitance (CAP) method and time domain reflectometry (TDR) are two popular electromagnetic techniques used to estimate soil water content. However, the frequency dependence of the real and imaginary part of the permittivity complicates sensor calibration. The frequency dependence can he particularly significant in fine-textured soils containing clay minerals. In this work, we applied both the CAP method and TDR to a nondispersive medium (fine sand) and a strongly dispersive medium (bentonite). The measurements were conducted for a range of water contents. Results using a network analyzer showed that the frequency dependence of the real permittivity of the bentonite was particularly strong below 500 MHz. Above this frequency, the real permittivity of the bentonite was mainly a function of the water content. The TDR predicted apparent permittivity in the bentonite was below the CAP predicted real permittivity at low water contents. This was attributed to the dispersive nature of the bentonite combined with the high frequency of operation of TDR (up to 3 GHz in dry soil). The CAP sensor (frequency of 100-150 MHz) overestimated the real permittivity of the bentonite at high water contents. An electric circuit model proved partially successful in correcting the CAP data by taking the dielectric losses into account. The TDR signal became attenuated at higher water contents. It seems worthwhile to raise the effective frequency of dielectric sensors above 500 MHz to benefit from the relatively stable permittivity region at this frequency. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Riverside, CA USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Kelleners, TJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Riverside, CA USA. EM tkelleners@cc.usu.edu RI Robinson, David/A-6287-2010 OI Robinson, David/0000-0001-7290-4867 NR 34 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 891RK UT WOS:000226598100009 ER PT J AU Moroke, TS Schwartz, RC Brown, KW Juo, ASR AF Moroke, TS Schwartz, RC Brown, KW Juo, ASR TI Soil water depletion and root distribution of three dryland crops SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SORGHUM; GROWTH; COWPEA; IRRIGATION; DROUGHT; LENGTH AB Characterization of plant uptake of soil water at different points in time and space are important in evaluating seasonal water use as well as rotational dryland cropping strategies. The objective of this study was to characterize root length density (RLD) and soil water depletion patterns of cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ], and sunflower (Halianthus annuus (L.)) under no tillage (NT) and stubble mulch tillage (SMT) systems in a Torrertic Paleustoll. Root length density of crops was measured from scanned images of washed root samples obtained from soil cores extracted several times during each of two growing seasons. Soil water contents were measured with a neutron moisture meter to a depth of 2.3 m at weekly intervals throughout each growing season. The RLDs of sorghum and sunflower near the soil surface increased rapidly after planting but thereafter declined whereas subsoil RLD increased throughout the growing season. Residual water contents at harvest were 28 to 93 mm greater (P < 0.05) under cowpea as compared to sorghum. As compared to the other crops, most of the additional residual water under cowpea was confined to soil depths between 0.5 and 1.7 m. Soil depths of 1.0 to 1.8 m were the most important source of stored water for sorghum and sunflower towards the end of the season. Deeper rooting and greater soil water extraction below 1.2 m depth were observed for NT as compared to SMT (P < 0.05). Results suggest that a rotation of cowpea with sorghum or sunflower would permit the stratified use of soil water and that the storage and crop use of water deep in the profile would be optimized under NT. C1 Dept Agr Res, Gaborone, Botswana. USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Moroke, TS (reprint author), Dept Agr Res, Private Bag 0033, Gaborone, Botswana. EM moroke@hotmail.com NR 36 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 197 EP 205 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 891RK UT WOS:000226598100022 ER PT J AU Wienhold, BJ AF Wienhold, BJ TI Changes in soil attributes following low phosphorus swine slurry application to no-tillage sorghum SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS FOLLOWING APPLICATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON; 19TH CONSECUTIVE YEAR; LOW-PHYTATE CORN; PIG SLURRY; ORGANIC-MATTER; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; NITROGEN; MANURE; MANAGEMENT AB Swine (Sus scrofa) slurry can serve as an excellent fertilizer source. Application at rates to meet crop N requirements can result in excess soil P due to low manure. N/P ratios. Low phytate corn (LPC) (Zea mays L.) stores a greater proportion of P as phosphate than does traditional corn (TC) increasing bioavailability of P in pig feed grain. Improved utilization of feed P reduces P concentration in manure and soil P accumulation. However, the potential effects of LPC manure on other soil properties are not known. Changes in soil attributes over 3 yr were compared for soils receiving LPC manure, TC manure, inorganic fertilizer, and no nutrients in no-tillage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] on a Sharpsburg clay loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudolls). Soil physical properties exhibited values that should not inhibit crop growth. Several soil chemical properties differed by year and treatment. Particulate organic matter (POM), NO3-N, pH, and extractable P increased with manure additions. Extractable P content was greater with addition of TC than LPC manure. Soil chemical properties exhibited values acceptable for crop production, but increasing extractable P increases the potential for environmental contamination. Biological soil properties varied in their response to treatments. Microbial biomass C decreased in the control and increased in manure treatments. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was used to conduct a dynamic soil quality assessment. The SMAF index values were similar across years in the control and inorganic fertilizer treatments and increased in both manure treatments. Manure additions improved soil properties affecting crop production, with P accumulation and the potential for environmental contamination being lower with LPC manure. LPC manure applied at rates to meet crop N requirements will have slower soil P accumulation rates and a lower potential for P contamination of the environment. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bwienhold1@unl.edu NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 206 EP 214 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 891RK UT WOS:000226598100023 ER PT J AU Siegel-Issem, CM Burger, JA Powers, RF Ponder, F Patterson, SC AF Siegel-Issem, CM Burger, JA Powers, RF Ponder, F Patterson, SC TI Seedling root growth as a function of soil density and water content SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YOUNG PONDEROSA PINE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; PHYSICAL QUALITY; FOREST SOILS; BULK DENSITY; DOUGLAS-FIR; COMPACTION; RANGE; ELONGATION AB Compaction caused by some intensive forest management practices can reduce tree growth, but growth reduction is the result of complex interactions between soil properties and tree physiological processes, which may differ by species. We used a 7 by 7 factorial greenhouse experiment to create a matrix of bulk density (rho(h)) and volumetric water content (theta,) to better understand soil compaction effects on seedling growth of: (i) ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) grown on Dome and Cohasset soils; (ii) shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) on a Clarksville soil; and (iii) loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on an Argent soil. Models of root length density (RLD) were developed using multiple regression. The general model of RLD = b(0) + b(1)theta(v) + b(2)rho(h) + b(3)theta(v)(2) described rooting response for the Clarksville-shortleaf and Argent-loblolly soil-species combinations (p = 0.005). However, the ponderosa pine RLD response on Cohasset soil was linear and there was an interaction between theta, and rho(h) in the Dome soil. Shoot mass of seedlings growing within the least limiting water range (LLWR) was greater than those growing outside the range for all soil-species combinations except the Argent-loblolly pine (p = 0.05). The loblolly pines had greater shoot mass at theta, above the upper LLWR limits (aeration limiting). Least limiting water range has potential as a soil quality indicator, but seedling response was not always associated with LLWR. Root length density (RLD) response surface models in conjunction with seasonal site water data have potential for determining compaction-induced soil limitations for tree growth, but need to be field tested and calibrated for both soil and species. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry 0324, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96001 USA. Lincoln Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. MeadWestvaco Corp, Forest Sci Lab, Summerville, SC 29483 USA. RP Siegel-Issem, CM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry 0324, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM csiegel@vt.edu NR 50 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 215 EP 226 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 891RK UT WOS:000226598100024 ER PT J AU Shestak, CJ Busse, MD AF Shestak, CJ Busse, MD TI Compaction alters physical but not biological indices of soil health SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FOREST ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; CENTRAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ORGANIC-MATTER REMOVAL; HABITABLE PORE-SPACE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PINUS-CONTORTA; BULK-DENSITY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES AB Current management and harvesting practices can compact forest soils and degrade soil health. However, effects of soil compaction on microbial processes and composition are poorly understood. We measured microbial community responses to compaction in a sandy loam and a clay loam soil under laboratory and field conditions. Treatments of no, moderate (approximately 20% increase in bulk density), and severe (approximately 40% increase) compaction were manually applied to intact soil cores. A 67-d laboratory experiment, punctuated by four sampling dates, was used to evaluate microbial indices (biomass, respiration, total and culturable bacteria and fungi, N mineralization, surface CO2 efflux, C use (Biolog), and phospholipid fatty acids [PLFA]) and their relationship to soil physical properties (bulk density, pore-size distribution, water-holding capacity [WHC], gas diffusion). Macropores (>30 mum diam.) were reduced 50 to 90% in compacted samples. In contrast, habitable-sized pores for microorganisms (0.2-30 mum diam.) increased at least 40% in both soils with compaction. Despite these changes, microbial measures were either unaffected by compaction or showed inconsistent increases (e.g., fungal hyphae, C use, total PLFA) across sampling periods and soil types. Surface CO2 efflux was reduced 34 to 51% in severe compaction samples. Minimal changes in microbial respiration indicate that reduced efflux was due to restricted gas diffusion. Microbial indifference to compaction also was verified at two mixed-conifer plantations in northern California. Soil strength values, ranging from 75 to 3800 kPa (no to severe compaction), were unrelated to either microbial respiration or biomass. The results show broad tolerance of microbial communities from contrasting soil textures to compaction, and indicate a poor link between physical and biological indices of soil health. C1 USDA, Serv Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Busse, MD (reprint author), USDA, Serv Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avetech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM mbusse@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 7 U2 39 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 236 EP 246 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 891RK UT WOS:000226598100026 ER PT J AU Gilliam, FS Lyttle, NL Thomas, A Adams, MB AF Gilliam, FS Lyttle, NL Thomas, A Adams, MB TI Soil variability along a nitrogen mineralization and nitrification gradient in a nitrogen-saturated hardwood forest SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NET N-MINERALIZATION; EXPERIMENTAL ACIDIFICATION; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; LITTER QUALITY; ORGANIC-CARBON; WEST-VIRGINIA; AMINO-ACIDS; ECOSYSTEMS; ADDITIONS; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Some N-saturated watersheds of the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF), West Virginia, exhibit a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in soil N processing. We used soils from four sites at FEF representing a gradient in net N mineralization and nitrification to consider the causes and consequences of such spatial heterogeneity. We collected soils with extremely high vs. low rates of N processing within each of two watersheds: WS3, treated for 15 yr with (NH4)(2)SO4, and WS4, untreated reference (control). Mineral soil was analyzed for extractable NH4, NO3, Ca, and Al before and during 28-d incubations at 10, 20, and 30degreesC after 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. To address the fourth question, we decreased C:N ratios in the soil exhibiting lowest field rates of net N mineralization and no net nitrification (control-low N) by adding glycine and increased C:N ratios in the soil exhibiting highest field rates of net N mineralization and nitrification by adding sucrose. Incubations under controlled conditions supported the N-processing gradient found in the field under in situ conditions in the following order from highest to lowest rates of N mineralization and nitrification: control-high N > N-treated-high N > N-treated-low N > control-low N, the latter exhibiting no net nitrification in the field. Net Ca mineralization increased with net nitrification along the gradient from zero to highest rates. Soil Al appeared to inhibit net nitrification, being lowest in the soil with highest net nitrification and highest in the soil exhibiting no net nitrification. Glycine additions to this latter soil greatly stimulated net N mineralization but failed to initiate net nitrification. Sucrose additions resulted in net immobilization of NH4 and NO3 in soil with highest net N mineralization and nitrification. Results demonstrate that increased nitrification may enhance Ca mobility in N-saturated soils and further demonstrate that substrate quality alone is not necessarily a good predictor of soil N processing. C1 Marshall Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Timber & Watershed Res Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Gilliam, FS (reprint author), Marshall Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. EM gilliam@marshall.edu NR 67 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 247 EP 256 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 891RK UT WOS:000226598100027 ER PT J AU Thill, RE Koerth, NE AF Thill, RE Koerth, NE TI Breeding birds of even- and uneven-aged pine forests of eastern Texas SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HARDWOOD FORESTS AB While single-tree selection, uneven-aged management is being used increasingly on southern national forests as an alternative to clearcutting and planting of pine, its effects on wildlife are largely unknown. We compared breeding season bird abundance, species richness, diversity, and composition among uneven-aged stands and six seral stages of even-aged stands in upland pine (predominantly loblolly pine, Pinus taeda Linnaeus) forests of eastern Texas. Even-aged stands 18-80 years old generally had the lowest abundance, richness, and diversity of birds; uneven-aged stands and even-aged stands 1-9 years old generally had comparable values for all three of these measures. Numbers of migrants were highest in seedling, sapling, and pre-commercially thinned even-aged stands. Although many migrants were encountered in uneven-aged stands, their frequencies of occurrence there (even in the most recently harvested stands) were generally less than in early sere even-aged stands. While overall bird abundance, species richness, and diversity under single-tree selection may be comparable or higher than that found throughout most of a typical national forest even-aged rotation, our data suggest that single-tree selection management will not provide suitable habitat for many migrant species that require early succession conditions. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Thill, RE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 506 Hayter St, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. EM rthill@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 153 EP 176 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0153:BBOEAU]2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 917UV UT WOS:000228495600013 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC Dibble, ED Schoenholtz, SH AF Smiley, PC Dibble, ED Schoenholtz, SH TI Fishes of first-order streams in north-central Mississippi SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES; VARIABILITY; DEGRADATION AB We sampled fishes and measured physical habitat in 14 first-order streams in north-central Mississippi to document fish community characteristics and examine the relationships between the fish communities and physical habitat characteristics. We documented 36 species and 11 families from 6943 captures. The five most abundant species were creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus Mitchell), least brook lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera Abbot), blackspotted topminnow (Fundulus olivaceus Storer), creek chubsucker (Erimyzon oblongus Mitchell), and green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque). We also observed that most streams (> 50%) were numerically dominated by: 1) Cyprinidae, 2) fishes having a maximum body size between 300-399 mm TL, 3) insectivores, and 4) guarder-nest spawners. Fish species composition of our study streams was similar to the species composition documented in other medium- and low-gradient headwater streams in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Additionally, fish community structure in first-order streams was significantly correlated with channel cross-section area, woody debris, canopy cover, water depth, velocity, wet width, and substrate types. The observed relationships between fish communities and physical habitat characteristics in first-order stream were similar to fish-habitat relationships observed by previous investigators working in northern Mississippi streams ranging in size from first to fifth-order. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Smiley, PC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM smiley.50@osu.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0219:FOFSIN]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 947YU UT WOS:000230684000003 ER PT J AU Eppard, HR Horton, JL Nilsen, ET Galusky, P Clinton, BD AF Eppard, HR Horton, JL Nilsen, ET Galusky, P Clinton, BD TI Investigating the allelopathic potential of Kalmia latifolia L. (Ericaceae) SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CANOPY TREE SEEDLINGS; RHODODENDRON-MAXIMUM; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; BLACK SPRUCE; GROWTH; ANGUSTIFOLIA; REGENERATION; SUCCESSION; VEGETATION; MOUNTAINS AB Evergreen, understory shrubs, often members of the Ericaceae, have been implicated in the suppression of tree recruitment in many ecosystems. One possible mechanism of this suppression could be an allelopathic interaction between shrubs and seedlings. We tested the allelopathic potential of Kalmia latifolia L., an important component of southern Appalachian forest understories. Aqueous extracts of soil, humus, K. latifolia litter, mixed forest floor litter, and green leaves from K. latifolia did not inhibit germination or initial root elongation of our test species Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce). Root, shoot, and total biomass were reduced in P. rigida seedlings grown in forest floor substrate collected beneath K. latifolia compared to those grown in forest substrate without K. latifolia. While these differences were not significant, they could be exacerbated in the field when seedlings are exposed to multiple stressors (reduced light, water, and nutrient availability). Our findings suggest that allelopathy is not a strong mechanism in the inhibition of canopy tree recruitment by K. latifolia. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Horton, JL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM jhorton@unca.edu NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0383:ITAPOK]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 972OL UT WOS:000232463000001 ER PT S AU Ayala-Silva, T Beyl, CA AF Ayala-Silva, T Beyl, CA BE Hei, TK Miller, J TI Changes in spectral reflectance of wheat leaves in response to specific macronutrient deficiency SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: GROUND-BASED IRON-ION BIOLOGY AND PHYSICS, INCLUDING SHIELDING SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE wheat; reflectance; remote sensing; spectroradiometer; macronutrients ID RED EDGE; CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION; WINTER-WHEAT; LEAF PIGMENT; PLANT; CANOPIES; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHOSPHORUS; PARAMETERS AB In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants, deficiency of an essential element may drastically affect growth, appearance, and most importantly yield. Wheat, the focus of this study, is one of the crops studied in the CELSS program. Information about nutrient deficiencies in crops grown in controlled environment is essential to optimize food productivity. The main objective of this study was to determine whether deficiency of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (M) alters spectral reflectance properties of wheat leaves. Plants were grown in the greenhouse and growth chamber, in a modified Hoagland's nutrient solution. Spectral reflectance of fully expanded wheat leaves from 280 to 1100 run, nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, and Ca) and chlorophyll (Chl) were determined when deficiency symptoms were first evident (approximate to 6-7 weeks). Chlorophyll content and fresh and dry weight, were used to assess the severity of the nutrient stress. All nutrient deficiencies affected chlorophyll content and generally increased reflectance in the visible (VIS) 400-700 nm and infrared (IR) 700-1100 nm ranges. Magnesium and nitrogen deficiencies had the most pronounced effect on chlorophyll concentration height, and reflectance. All macronutrient deficiencies tested reduced chlorophyll concentration, increase reflectance in the visible range and caused a shift in the position of the red edge (the point of maximum slope on the reflectance spectrum of vegetation between red and near-infrared wavelengths) toward shorter or longer wavelengths; depending upon the element. In the greenhouse, N and Mg induced the greatest increase in reflectance of 33% and 25% in the VI range and 86% and 53% in the IR range, respectively. However, in the growth chamber, an increase of 97% and 25% occurred in the VI range, and 20% and 33% in the IR range, respectively. In the IR range in the growth chamber, P, K, and Ca deficiency caused a reduction in reflectance (412-770 nm). This research indicates that mineral deficiencies and reflectance are not specific to one environment and could have important implications for the design of CELSS in space, and perhaps the future of terrestrial agriculture. (c) 2004 CPSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Reposit, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Ayala-Silva, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Reposit, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM tasilva@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Stephen, Jennifer/C-2469-2014 NR 41 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.09.008 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BCO31 UT WOS:000230402100021 PM 15934211 ER PT J AU Madari, BE Reeves, JB Coelho, MR Machado, PLOA De-Polli, H AF Madari, BE Reeves, JB Coelho, MR Machado, PLOA De-Polli, H TI Mid- and near-infrared spectroscopic determination of carbon in a diverse set of soils from the Brazilian National Soil Collection SO SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carbon; chemometrics; DRIFTS; mid-infrared; near-infrared; NIRS; PLS; soil ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; FRACTION AB Calibrations for soil carbon content measured by combustion ( total carbon, TC) and chromate oxidation by a modified Walkley-Black method (Walkley-Black carbon, WBC) from the Brazilian National Soil Collection were made using Fourier-transform near (1100 to 2500 nm; NIRS) and mid-infrared diffuse reflectance (2,500 to 25,000 nm; DRIFTS) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares (PLS). Calibration sets of sample populations of different carbon ranges, soil taxonomic classes, and soil textural groups were established. These are for TC ranges between 0.4 to 555.0, 0.4 to 99.1, and 0.4 to 39.9 g kg(-1): for WBC 0.2 to 401.0, 0.2 to 66.0, and 0.2 to 66.0, and 0.2 to 30.0 g kg(-1): for soil taxonomic classes Ferralsols and Acrisols; and for soil textural groups very clayey, clayey, and medium textures were examined. Calibrations obtained for the largest TC and WBC ranges were better compared to the lower ones, but lower root mean squared deviation (RMSD) and relative difference (RD = RMSD/mean value) were found for the lower carbon ranges. Taxonomic soil class was not an adequate criterium for calibration set formation. Soil texture had effect on calibrations, especially using NIR, because of the particle size effect to which NIR was more sensitive than mid-IR. In general, DRIFTS showed better performance than NIRS. NIRS only outperformed DRIFTS when used with calibration set fairly homogeneous in its particle size distribution. Results demonstrated that while calibrations can be developed using either DRIFTS or NIRS for even a very diverse set of soil samples, which will determine C over a wide range of concentrations inherent in such a diverse set, it is desirable to seperate sample populations by soil textural properties and choose the adequate spectral range (NIR or mid-IR) based on the textural group, for calibration development to achieve more accurate results. C1 USDA ARS, EMBUL, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Brazilian Agr Res Corp, Natl Rice & Beans Res Ctr Embrapa Rice & Beans, Santo Antonio De Goias, Goias, Brazil. Brazilian Agr Res Corp, Natl Soils Res Ctr Embrapa Solos, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Brazilian Agr Res Corp, Natl Agrobiol Res Ctr Embrapa Agorbiol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, EMBUL, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jreeves@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Madari, Beata/A-1188-2013; OI Madari, Beata/0000-0002-6242-6619; de Melo Benites, Vinicius/0000-0002-2602-0750 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-7010 J9 SPECTROSC LETT JI Spectr. Lett. PY 2005 VL 38 IS 6 BP 721 EP 740 DI 10.1080/00387010500315876 PG 20 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 005JO UT WOS:000234818600005 ER PT J AU Klepzig, KD AF Klepzig, KD TI Melanin and the ecology of southern pine beetle associated fungi SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE mutualism; Ophiostoma; Entomocorticium; Dendroctonus; competition ID DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; SYMBIOTIC FUNGI; FINE-STRUCTURE; BARK BEETLES; BLUESTAIN; MICROORGANISMS; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE AB I report here a series of initial investigations into effects of species of fungi associated with the southern pine beetle (SPB), and into possible means for mitigating the damaging activities of the melanistic fungus, Ophiostoma minus. Growth of the SPB mutualistic fungus Entomocorticium sp. A on high melanin medium was less than half of the growth on control medium. Growth of O. ranaculosum was not significantly affected by the addition of melanin to malt extract agar. Four species of biological control (of bluestain) fungi showed the ability to decolorize melanistic O. minus cultures to various extents. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Klepzig, KD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 250 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM kklepzig@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 137 EP 140 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 022XC UT WOS:000236088400002 ER PT J AU Kim, SJ Kremer, RJ AF Kim, SJ Kremer, RJ TI Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of root colonization of morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) seedlings by rhizobacteria SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE deleterious rhizobacteria; Pseudomonas; Bradyrhizobium; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy; colonization ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; PLANT-GROWTH; DELETERIOUS RHIZOBACTERIA; INDOLEACETIC-ACID; CYANIDE PRODUCTION; WEED MANAGEMENT; GLYPHOSATE; RHIZOSPHERE; RESISTANCE; BACTERIA AB Hydroponically-grown ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) seedlings inoculated with deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB) were studied to observe colonization of roots using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The DRB, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate GD3, previously isolated as a DRB producing high concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and Pseudomonas putida isolate GD4, were compared with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), Bacillus megaterium isolate GP4. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the colonization of isolates GP4 and GD4 were consistently distributed on the surface of roots; however, isolate GD3 was deeply localized into surface furrows of roots. Transmission electron microscopy showed considerable alterations of root cells including vesiculation, partial cell wall degradation, and cytoplasm disorganization. The average population density of isolate GD4 on the root surface was about 10 and 100 times greater than GP4 and GD3, respectively. Root elongation of seedlings inoculated with isolates GD3 and GD4 after 7 d of growth was significantly inhibited by ca. 26% and 90%, respectively, compared to the control. This study showed that inhibition of morningglory root growth by isolate GD3 might be related to production of high concentrations of IAA although other phytotoxins likely contributed to inhibiting root elongation of morningglory inoculated with isolate GD4. Rhizobacteria able to suppress morningglory growth may be effective as biological control agents to supplement herbicide weed management in crops where morningglory is difficult to control. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Kremerr@missouri.edu NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 978AH UT WOS:000232844100002 ER PT J AU Eardly, B van Berkum, P AF Eardly, B van Berkum, P TI Use of population genetic structure to define species limits in the Rhizobiaceae SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Review DE symbiotic; Rhizobiaceae; polyphasic; systematics; MLST; ecotype; species concept; genetic structure; phylogeny ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DISCORDANT PHYLOGENIES; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DISTINCT TYPES; RECOMBINATION; EXCHANGE; DEFINITION; EVOLUTION AB Symbiotic bacteria of the family Rhizobiaceae are currently defined using a consensus or polyphasic approach, where emphasis in determining species limits is based on the quantification of overall genotypic and phenotypic similarity. In the first part of this review some of the limitations of this approach are examined. In the second part an alternative population-based approach is considered. The primary assumption underlying this approach is that ecological selection is the dominant force constraining genetic diversity in bacterial populations. Practical methods for assessing the range and extent of this diversity are described, along with an example of how such information has been used to provide evidence for two symbiotic nitrogen-fixing species within the genus Sinorhizobium. C1 Penn State Berks Lehigh Valley Coll, Reading, PA 19610 USA. USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Eardly, B (reprint author), Penn State Berks Lehigh Valley Coll, Berks Campus, Reading, PA 19610 USA. EM bde1@psu.edu; pberkum@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2005 VL 38 IS 2 BP 109 EP 122 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 892NO UT WOS:000226657500001 ER PT J AU Brushwood, DE AF Brushwood, DE TI Predicting yarn processing performance from the noncellulosic content of raw cottons SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Noncellulosic materials on raw cottons can influence spinning performance. Chemical and physical tests are conducted on a series of nonsticky single-season upland cottons originating from three U.S. growing areas. Relationships are determined between yarn production performance and efficiency and fiber frictional and physical properties as well as nonfibrous material content for three different spinning systems. Fiber micronaire significantly influences results. Increases in yam strength correlate with increasing levels of total fiber alcohol surface extractables, wax, and potassium content. Processing ends down increases in ring and open-end spinning and decreases in vortex spinning as fiber alcohol surface extractables, wax, and light metal content increase. Ends down decrease in ring an open-end spinning and increase in vortex spinning as the HVI trash measurement increases. Uster yam evenness neps and thick and thin places decrease in ring and open-end and increase in vortex yams as alcohol surface extractables increase. Fiber yellowness and grayness increase as concentrations of the metals potassium, magnesium, and iron increase. C1 USDA, ARS, SAA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Brushwood, DE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SAA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 75 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1177/004051750507500101 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 887UW UT WOS:000226332000001 ER PT J AU Ipek, M Ipek, A Almquist, SG Simon, PW AF Ipek, M Ipek, A Almquist, SG Simon, PW TI Demonstration of linkage and development of the first low-density genetic map of garlic, based on AFLP markers SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RAPD MARKERS; NUCLEAR DNA; ALLIUM; GENOME AB Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a long-cultivated, clonally propagated diploid plant (2n=2x=16). With routine seed production now underway, we used populations (MP1 and MP2) generated by self-pollination of unrelated plants to generate two low-density genetic maps of garlic, consisting of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and gene-specific markers. We did not observe any two plants with identical marker patterns in either population, indicating that they were the result of amphimixis rather than apomixis. This is an important finding, since several Alliums are facultative apomicts. A total of 360 markers segregated in MP1 (12.8 AFLP markers per primer combination) and 321 markers segregated in MP2 (13.9 per primer combination) to indicate a fairly high level of genetic heterozygosity in the garlic nuclear genome. Of these markers, 15.3% in MP1 and 24.3% in MP2 had segregation ratios distorted from the expected 3: 1. Interestingly, 94.7% of those distorted segregations fit a 15: 1 segregation ratio for duplicated loci, suggesting extensive levels of duplication in the garlic genome and supporting similar observations for onion. The genetic map for the MP1 family with 216 markers spanned 1,166 cM of the garlic genome ( 5.4 cM average), while 143 markers of MP2 spanned 862 cM ( 6.0 cM average). Gene-specific markers for alliinase, chitinase, sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (SST-1), and chalcone synthase (CHS) were mapped, demonstrating the immediate utility of the garlic genetic map. These two garlic families had relatively few segregating AFLP markers in common, which supports their relatively distant relationship based on diversity analysis. Of those markers that were conserved, linkages were also conserved. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Dept Hort, Fac Agr, Canakkale, Turkey. Uludag Univ, Dept Hort, Fac Agr, TR-16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@wisc.edu NR 29 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1815-5 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 891AO UT WOS:000226553900004 PM 15565379 ER PT J AU Xu, XY Bai, GH Carver, BF Shaner, GE Hunger, RM AF Xu, XY Bai, GH Carver, BF Shaner, GE Hunger, RM TI Mapping of QTLs prolonging the latent period of Puccinia triticina infection in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; STRIPE RUST; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; WINTER-WHEAT; 3 COMPONENTS; BREAD WHEAT; MARKERS; BARLEY; GENES AB Slow rusting is considered a crucial component of durable resistance to wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina and is often expressed in the form of a prolonged latent period. Selection for a longer latent period is considered an effective approach to developing wheat cultivars with improved durable resistance to leaf rust. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from CI 13227 (long latent period) x Suwon 92 (short latent period) was phenotyped for latent period in two greenhouse experiments in separate years, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were analyzed in the same population. Among the RILs, the frequency distribution for latent period was continuous, and latent period was highly correlated between years (r=0.94, P<0.0001). A quantitative trait locus (QTL) prolonging the latent period of P. triticina, designated as QLrlp.osu-2DS, explained 42.8% and 54.5% of the phenotypic and genetic variance in the two experiments, respectively. QLrlp.osu-2DS was mapped on the distal region of chromosome 2DS. Two other QTLs for latent period, QLrlp.osu-2B and QLrlp.osu-7BL, were localized on chromosome 2B and the long arm of chromosome 7B, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that these three QTLs collectively explained 58.0% and 73.8% of the phenotypic and genetic variance over two experiments, respectively. Fourteen RILs that carried all three alleles for long latent period at three AFLP loci flanking QLrlp.osu-2DS, QLrlp.osu-2B, and QLrlp.osu-7BL had a mean latent period of 12.5 days, whereas 13 RILs without any long-latent-period alleles at the corresponding loci had a mean latent period of 7.4 days. Three SSR markers closely linked to these QTLs have potential to be applied in marker-assisted selection for prolonged latent period in wheat. C1 USDA ARS NPA GMPRC, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS NPA GMPRC, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@agron.ksu.edu NR 38 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 244 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1819-1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 891AO UT WOS:000226553900006 PM 15672257 ER PT J AU Grube, RC Wintermantel, WM Hand, P Aburomia, R Pink, DAC Ryder, EJ AF Grube, RC Wintermantel, WM Hand, P Aburomia, R Pink, DAC Ryder, EJ TI Genetic analysis and mapping of resistance to lettuce dieback: a soilborne disease caused by tombusviruses SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LACTUCA; CALIFORNIA; MARKERS; TOMATO; AFLP; MAP AB A diverse collection of modern, heirloom and specialty cultivars, plant introduction (PI) accessions, and breeding lines of lettuce were screened for susceptibility to lettuce dieback, which is a disease caused by soilborne viruses of the family Tombusviridae. Susceptibility was evaluated by visual symptom assessment in fields that had been previously shown to be infested with Lettuce necrotic stunt virus. Of the 241 genotypes tested in multiple field experiments, 76 remained symptom-free in infested fields and were therefore classified as resistant to dieback. Overall, resistant genotypes were as prevalent among modern cultivars as in heirloom cultivars or primitive germplasm. Within modern germplasm, however, all crisphead (iceberg) cultivars were resistant, while all romaine cultivars were susceptible. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, tombusviruses were detected in leaves of some plants of resistant genotypes that were grown in infested fields, suggesting that symptom-free plants are not immune to viral infection. The inheritance of resistance was studied for 'Salinas', a modern iceberg cultivar, and PI 491224, the progenitor of recently released romaine germplasm with resistance to lettuce dieback. Resistance was conferred by a dominant allele at a single locus in both genotypes. The tombusvirus resistance locus from 'Salinas', Tvr1, was mapped in an intraspecific Lactuca sativa population to a location that corresponds to linkage group 2 on the consensus map of Lactuca. The largest cluster of resistance genes in lettuce, the Dm1/Dm3 cluster, is found on this linkage group; however, the precise position of Tvr1 relative to this cluster has not yet been determined. To our knowledge, Tvr1 is the first tombusvirus resistance gene identified for any plant host. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Hort Res Int, Warwick CV35 9EF, England. RP Grube, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rgrube@pw.ars.usda.gov RI Sideman, Rebecca/D-3549-2014 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1825-3 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 891AO UT WOS:000226553900008 PM 15672259 ER PT J AU Saha, MC Mian, R Zwonitzer, JC Chekhovskiy, K Hopkins, AA AF Saha, MC Mian, R Zwonitzer, JC Chekhovskiy, K Hopkins, AA TI An SSR- and AFLP-based genetic linkage map of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; MICROSATELLITE SEQUENCES; MARKERS; GENOME; RFLP; PLANTS; RICE; DIVERSITY AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is commonly grown as forage and turf grass in the temperate regions of the world. Here, we report the first genetic map of tall fescue constructed with PCR-based markers. A combination of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) of both tall fescue and those conserved in grass species was used for map construction. Genomic SSRs developed from Festuca x Lolium hybrids were also mapped. Two parental maps were initially constructed using a two-way pseudotestcross mapping strategy. The female (HD28-56) map included 558 loci placed in 22 linkage groups (LGs) and covered 2,013 cM of the genome. In the male (R43-64) map, 579 loci were grouped in 22 LGs with a total map length of 1,722 cM. The marker density in the two maps varied from 3.61 cM ( female parent) to 2.97 ( male parent) cM per marker. These differences in map length indicated a reduced level of recombination in the male parent. Markers that revealed polymorphism within both parents and showed 3: 1 segregation ratios were used as bridging loci to integrate the two parental maps as a bi-parental consensus. The integrated map covers 1,841 cM on 17 LGs, with an average of 54 loci per LG, and has an average marker density of 2.0 cM per marker. Homoeologous relationships among linkage groups of six of the seven predicted homeologous groups were identified. Three small groups from the HD28-56 map and four from the R43-64 map are yet to be integrated. Homoeologues of four of those groups were detected. Except for a few gaps, markers are well distributed throughout the genome. Clustering of those markers showing significant segregation distortion (23% of total) was observed in four of the LGs of the integrated map. C1 Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. RP Mian, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mian.3@osu.edu NR 49 TC 70 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 323 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1843-1 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 891AO UT WOS:000226553900015 PM 15558229 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH AF Lichtenstein, AH TI Remarks on clinical data concerning dietary supplements that affect antithrombotic therapy SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Dietary Supplements, Coagulation and Antithrombotic Therapies CY JAN 13-14, 2005 CL NIH, Bethesda, MD HO NIH ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; FISH-OIL SUPPLEMENTATION; LONG-TERM; ANGIOPLASTY; RESTENOSIS; NIDDM; TRIAL C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PY 2005 VL 117 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 71 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.04.013 PG 3 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 987AM UT WOS:000233490800013 PM 15951007 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Brandt, TM AF Mitchell, AJ Brandt, TM TI Temperature tolerance of red-rim Melania Melanoides tuberculatus, an exotic aquatic snail established in the United States SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HONG-KONG; THIARIDAE; MULLER AB The red-rim melania Melanoides tuberculattis (family Thiaridae), a tropical, nonindigenous aquatic snail, has become established and is spreading in the United States. Concerns associated with the spread of this snail include its potential to displace native snail populations and to transmit trematodes. Of particular concern is the gill trematode Centrocestus formosanus now found in U.S. commercial and wild fish stocks. The snail survives year-round in subtropical ponds and constant-temperature spring runs in Florida and Texas and in geothermal waters of several western and midwestern states. Knowledge of the temperature tolerances of the snail will increase the ability to predict its potential range in North American waters and to control its spread. Under constant temperature conditions in the laboratory, all red-rim melania (15-25 turn shell height [SH]) were killed by exposure to 5degreesC for 1 d, 9degreesC for 2 d, 11degreesC for 8 d, and 13degreesC for 12 d. At 17degreesC and 32.5degreesC, about 10% of the snails died within 27 d, indicating the outer limits of the temperature range for the snail. waters that attain temperatures less than 18degreesC or greater than 32degreesC will probably not support red-rim melania. All snails (10-20 mm SH) died within 10 h at 40degreesC and within 20 min at 45degreesC. At 50degreesC, all snails (:542 mm SH) succumbed within 2.5 min, and the smallest snails (1-4 mm SH) survived for less than 0.5 min. A 4-5-min exposure to 50degreesC or warmer water should kill all red-rim melania on dip nets and other fisheries equipment. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 134 IS 1 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1577/FT03-178.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 899PG UT WOS:000227156200010 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WC Kirk, IW AF Hoffmann, WC Kirk, IW TI Spray deposition and drift from two "medium" nozzles SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE aerial application; AgDrift; drift; droplet spectra; nozzle classification; S572; spray deposition AB The labels of many crop protection and production materials include specific directions for application, such as "apply as a MEDIUM spray." Therefore, aerial applicators are utilizing computer models and printed materials to comply with these labels. The objective of this study was to determine spray deposition and drift from two "medium" nozzles used in an aerial application. With an application rate of 28 L/ha (3 gal/acre), CP nozzles were configured to produce a volume median diameter (D-V0.5) of 304 mu m (T1) and Spraying Systems D8 straight stream nozzles were configured to produce a D-V0.5 of 413 mu m (T2). Under the ASAE nozzle classification system, both would be classified as medium sprays; however the spray volume contained in droplets less than 200 mu m was 15.0% and 8.7% for the CP and D8 nozzles, respectively. These studies show that very different downwind deposition can occur from two aerial spray nozzles that are classified as medium based on droplet spectra. One nozzle setup (T1) contained two times more spray volume in droplets less than 200 mu m compared to the second nozzle setup (T2). As a result of this difference, T1 produced significantly higher downwind drift deposition than T2. At 50 m from the downwind edge of the spray swath, the drift deposition was 1.7% and 0.53% of the deposition at 0 in for T1 and T2, respectively. T1 also produced an approximate two-fold increase over T2 in airborne material at 50 in downwind of the spray swath edge at heights up to 10 in. These results were valid for spray applications made in crop canopies or over concrete runways. The field results were compared to spray deposits predicted by the USDA Forest Service model AgDISP. The model data in both datasets showed higher sprayflux (i.e., more material moving through the air) for T1 than for T2, as was found in the field data. Depending on the height selected, AgDISP predicted an approximate two- to five-fold increase in spray material moving 50 m downwind over a runway as compared to if a canopy was present. The results highlight the need for aerial applicators to consider all of the droplet spectra data when selecting the most appropriate spray nozzle for a given application situation. The data also suggest that ASAE Standard S572 may need to be modified in the future to better characterize nozzles that the cross nozzle classification lines defined in the standard. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM choffmann@tamu.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200001 ER PT J AU Fife, JP Ozkan, HE Derksen, RC Grewal, PS Krause, CR AF Fife, JP Ozkan, HE Derksen, RC Grewal, PS Krause, CR TI Viability of abiological pest control agent through hydraulic nozzles SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE biopesticides; CFD; energy dissipation rate; entomopathogenic nematodes; hydraulic nozzles; hydrodynamic stresses ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; INFECTIVE JUVENILES; EXTENSIONAL FLOW; BIOPESTICIDES; CULTURES; SYSTEMS; DAMAGE; CELLS AB Exposure to hydrodynamic stresses during flow through a hydraulic nozzle can cause permanent damage to biological pesticides during spray application. Aqueous suspensions of a benchmark biological pest control agent, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), were passed through three different hydraulic nozzles (standard flat fan, Spraying Systems XR8001VS; hollow cone, Spraying Systems TXA8001VK; and full cone, Spraying Systems FL5-VS) within an experimental, opposed-pistons flow device. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to numerically simulate the internal flow within the XR8001 VS and TXA8001 VK nozzles, and important flow field parameters from the CFD simulations were compared to the observed EPN relative viability after treatment. Overall, greater reductions in EPN relative viability were observed for the flat fan (9.5%) compared to the cone type nozzles (<= 2.8%). The average energy dissipation rates within the exit orifices were significantly higher for the XR8001 VS flat fan compared to the TXA8001 VK hollow cone, which was consistent with the greater reductions in EPN relative viability observed for the XR8001 VS. These differences in EPN damage were due to the distinct characteristics of each nozzle's flow field. The reduced flow area of the narrow, elliptical exit orifice of the flat fan generates an extensional flow regime, where it was found that the tensile stresses developed were large enough to cause nematode damage. However with the cone nozzles, the high rotational flow component did not produce hydrodynamic conditions conducive to causing nematode damage. Overall, common hydraulic nozzles were found to be acceptable for spray application of EPNs following the manufacturer's recommendations. However it is recommended that an appropriately sized (i.e., larger than the organism) cone nozzle is more suitable for spray application than a fan nozzle to avoid damage to the biopesticide. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OARDC, Wooster, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Fife, JP (reprint author), 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM fifej@battelle.org NR 28 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200006 ER PT J AU Cochrane, TA Flanagan, DC AF Cochrane, TA Flanagan, DC TI Effect of DEM resolutions in the runoff and soil loss predictions of the WEPP watershed model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE digital elevation models; geographic information systems; soil erosion modeling; water erosion prediction project ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; TOPOGRAPHICAL FACTOR; EROSION; UNCERTAINTY; GIS AB Erosion prediction utilizing digital elevation models (DEMs) is a logical advancement for automating the simulation process for models such as the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP). The effects of using different DEM resolutions on watershed simulations and the ability to accurately predict sediment yield and runoff from different rainfall event sizes were studied using three application methods and data from six research watersheds. Simulating watersheds with a range of resolutions can help address the problem of deciding what topographic DEM resolution is ideal for model simulations of the watershed outlet, the end of each hillslope, and along the slope profiles. The three application methods studied here were: (1) Hillslope - Chanleng, (2) Hillslope - Calcleng, and (3) Flowpath. The two Hillslope methods use a representative slope profile to represent each hillslope in the watershed, and the Flowpath method uses all of the individual flowpaths as model input for WEPP simulations. Results show that the Hillslope methods were not significantly influenced by DEM resolutions; however, there was an observable interaction between resolutions and the Flowpath method. Large rainfall events were predicted better than small events, but fine DEM resolutions did not improve predictions of either large or small rainfall events. Using coarse DEM resolutions for the topographic input will not decrease the accuracy of erosion prediction using the WEPP model and the Hillslope methods, unless the coarseness of the DEM compromises the delineation of the watershed or hillslopes. C1 USDA, ARS, NSERL, Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. AGTECA SA, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Flanagan, DC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NSERL, Soil Eros Res Lab, 1196 Soil Bldg,275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM flanagan@purdue.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 109 EP 120 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200012 ER PT J AU Akbar, MA Kenimer, AL Searcy, SW Torbert, HA AF Akbar, MA Kenimer, AL Searcy, SW Torbert, HA TI Soil water estimation using electromagnetic induction SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic induction; soil electrical conductivity; soil water content; vertisols ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VERTISOLS AB Two published salinity models (designated the Rhoades and Mualem-Friedman models, respectively) were examined for application to real-time soil water estimation using apparent soil electrical conductivity. Field data were collected at two sites representing a range of soil types in central Texas: high shrinking-swelling Vertisols in Temple (the Heiden Clay site) and clay loam soils at the Texas ATM University Research Farm near College Station (the Westwood Scl site). The Rhoades-Corwin model developed for the Heiden Clay site yielded an R-2 of 0.72 following calibration, predicted soil water within +/- 0.02 g g(-1) during validation, and was deemed generally applicable for real-time soil water estimation. The Rhoades-Corwin model developed for the Westwood Scl site gave an R-2 of 0.65 following calibration but could not be validated at the site and therefore was not considered applicable for real-time soil water estimation. A modified version of the Rhoades-Corwin model yielded a calibrated R-2 of 0.91 at the Westwood Scl site with validation predictions within 0.02 g g(-1). The Mualem-Friedman model predicted soil water within 0.05 g g(-1) at the Heiden Clay site and was considered appropriate for real-time soil water estimation. At the Westwood Scl site, the Mualem-Friedman model could not be evaluated since saturation data were not available. Both models show promise for use for real-time, non-invasive soil water content estimation using apparent electrical conductivity, but additional testing is needed. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada. USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Kenimer, AL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 2117 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM a-kenimer@tamu.edu NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 129 EP 135 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200014 ER PT J AU Santhi, C Muttiah, RS Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R AF Santhi, C Muttiah, RS Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R TI A GIS-based regional planning tool for irrigation demand assessment and savings using SWAT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE conservation measures; geographic information system; hydrologic simulation model; irrigation management; regional planning; water demand; water savings ID MODEL; SIMULATION AB Regional planning for irrigated agriculture requires a thorough understanding of the hydrological processes and spatial and temporal variations associated with hydrological factors such as rainfall, soils, and crops grown in different units of the region. The objective of this study was to improve the capabilities of a basin-scale hydrologic simulation model for regional planning of irrigated agriculture. In this study, a Geographical Information System (GIS) based hydrological model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was configured as a regional planning tool with a canal irrigation capability for estimating irrigation demand. The tool was capable of simulating hydrological processes associated with soil-plant-water interactions and capable of capturing the spatial and temporal variability of the major factors, which are important in regional planning. The tool was applied to the irrigation districts in the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas. It was validated for crop evapotranspiration and canal conveyance efficiency and applied to analyzing the demand and potential water savings of alternative water conservation measures. Estimated potential water savings were 234.2, 65.9, and 194. 0 Mm(3) for conservation measures related to on-farm management improvements, replacing sugarcane with corn, and improving canal conveyance efficiency, respectively. Results indicated that on-farm management measures might be as beneficial as improving canal conveyance systems. The planning tool (with hydrological modeling and GIS capabilities) and estimations made would be useful for regional planners and irrigation district managers. The tool could be used for other irrigation systems as well. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas Christian Univ, Dept Geol, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76508 USA. RP Arnold, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jgarnold@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 33 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 137 EP 147 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200015 ER PT J AU Cochrane, BHW Reichert, JM Eltz, FLF Norton, LD AF Cochrane, BHW Reichert, JM Eltz, FLF Norton, LD TI Controlling soil erosion and runoff with polyacrylamide and phosphogypsum on subtropical soil SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE micromorphology; surface sealing and crusting; tropical soils; water erosion; water infiltration ID COMBUSTION BOTTOM-ASH; SIMULATED RAINFALL; SEDIMENT YIELD; STEEP SLOPES; INFILTRATION; GYPSUM; PAM; AMENDMENTS; ADSORPTION; SODIUM AB Sandy soil, prone to intense soil erosion, is used for agriculture in the subtropics of Brazil. This study was conducted to determine whether soil amendments are effective for conserving topsoil by preventing water-induced erosion on a Brazilian sandy Alfisol soil (coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Paleudalf). A programmable rainfall simulator was used at the experimental station of the Federal University of Santa Maria, in a newly harvested black oat (Avena estrigosa L.) field that was moldboard plowed and disked twice. Plots were on bare tilled soil with 8% to 12% slopes. The soil treatments consisted of a single 5 Mg ha(-1) surface application of byproduct phosphogypsum (PG), a single 20 kg ha(-1) surface application of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), a combined amendment (PAM+PG) with the same rates as above, and an unamended soil (control). Simulated rainfall average intensity was 25 mm h(-1) with a 2 h duration. Sediment and runoff samples were collected at intervals during the experiment, and soil surface samples inside the plot were taken after the rain for surface crusting analysis. Total soil loss was significantly lower for the treatments than for the control and averaged 197, 278, 217, and 2181 kg ha(-1), respectively for PG, PAM, PAM+PG, and control treatments. PAM and PAM+PG had steady-state runoff rates significantly less than that of the control. All of the amendments reduced soil sediment erosion (average 90% reduction) more than final runoff (average 35% reduction). Using amendments to reduce precipitation-induced erosion is a possible alternative conservation practice in this region of the world. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Soils, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Cochrane, BHW (reprint author), Casilla 6329, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. EM wallace@agteca.com RI Reichert, Jose Miguel/F-8189-2012 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 149 EP 154 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200016 ER PT J AU Farahani, HJ Buchleiter, GW Brodahl, MK AF Farahani, HJ Buchleiter, GW Brodahl, MK TI Characterization of apparent soil electrical conductivity variability in irrigated sandy and non-saline fields in Colorado SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE precision agriculture; soil electrical conductivity; soil resistivity; soil variability ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION MEASUREMENTS; WATER-CONTENT; SALINITY; MOISTURE; CONDUCTANCE; MODELS AB Recent advances in apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) sensor technology have provided the opportunity to rapidly map soil spatial variability for site-specific management. However characterizing (or identifying the causes of) the ECa variability has remained difficult, with ECa and soil property (such as soil water and clay content) relationships showing a wide range of varying strength across fields. In this study, our objective was to characterize the main soil properties that alter EC, and evaluate the temporal variability of ECa and soil property relationships using multi-year measurements (1998 to 2003) in three center-pivot irrigated fields in eastern Colorado. Results show that for the irrigated sandy and non-saline fields, ECa maps may be viewed as surrogate maps for soil water content (theta(w)), clay, cation exchange capacity, and/or organic matter content due to their strong correlations (with correlation coefficients between 0.66 and 0.96). The experimental linear functions of ECa versus soil properties changed over time when soil solution concentration (ECw) changed considerably. That finding was supported by theory (the dual-pathway EC, model) showing the relationship between ECa and soil stable properties (such as clay content) to be governed by the status of the soil transient properties of ECw and theta(w) at the time of the ECa mapping. The temporal effect of varying soil temperature on ECa could be significant but was not accounted for due to lack of temperature data. Results collectively suggest that because of the lack of reliability of using empirical ECa and soil property relationships for predictive purposes over time, on-site calibration of ECa versus soil properties of interest are needed at each ECa mapping. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Farahani, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Univ, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM hamid.farahani@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 155 EP 168 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200017 ER PT J AU Enciso, JM Colaizzi, PD Multer, WL AF Enciso, JM Colaizzi, PD Multer, WL TI Economic analysis of subsurface drip irrigation lateral spacing and installation depth for cotton SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE cost benefit analysis; microirrigation; Texas ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; CORN; YIELD; MICROIRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM AB Cotton lint yield, seed mass, fiber quality parameters, gross return, and net return were compared for subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) lateral spacing and installation depth in a clay loam soil in western Texas for three seasons. Drip laterals were spaced either in alternate furrows (2 m) or beneath every planted bed (I in), and installation depths were either 0.2 or 0.3 m beneath the soil surface. Net return was gross return minus fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs included the annual payment for financing the initial investment of SDI materials and installation (5.00% interest over 10 years), the annual land lease, and the annual depreciation of the SDI system. Variable costs were those associated with cotton production and were similar for the two drip lateral spacings. Lint yield, seed mass, and gross and net returns were significantly greater for the 1 m lateral spacing in the first two seasons, but these parameters were significantly greater for the 2 m lateral spacing in the third season. These parameters were consistently greater (either numerically or significantly) for the 0.3 m lateral depth in all seasons. Most fiber quality parameters were not significantly different, and no consistent trends were observed. Lint yields ranged from 640 to 1,635 kg ha(-1), and net returns ranged from -$395 to $1,005 ha(-1). The low lint yield and resulting net loss were due to a germination failure in the second season for the alternate furrow spaced laterals. Additional seasons of study are required before conclusions might be drawn concerning the most economic lateral spacing for cotton production in the Trans-Pecos region of Texas, but the 0.3 m lateral depth resulted in greater net returns than the 0.2 m lateral depth. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Texas Cooperat Extens, Weslaco, TX USA. Glasscock Cty Extens Off, Extens Agent IPM, Texas Cooperat Extens, Garden City, TX USA. RP Colaizzi, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM pcolaizzi@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 197 EP 204 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200021 ER PT J AU Starr, GC AF Starr, GC TI Basal sediment concentration measurement using a time domain reflectometry method SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASAE Conference 2001 CY JAN 02-06, 2001 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASAE DE channel erosion; dielectric; monsoon; rangeland; runoff; sediment; soil erosion; time domain reflectometry ID WATER-CONTENT AB Sediment concentration measurement in high-concentration runoff waters is highly problematic. A novel device was developed for high-concentration measurements. This device was then used to measure sediment concentrations during monsoon runoff events at the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch experimental watershed in southeast Arizona as an example application. Data were obtained using a 55 cm, three-piong, embedded time domain reflectometry probe and sediments in a range of size classes from the site under laboratory conditions. In the laboratory, the sensor's concentration output was calculated using a model and the empirical function describing pure water Without sediment-specific calibration, laboratory validation indicated agreement with known concentrations within about 0.02 kg L-1 for sediment and water mixtures and within 0.2 kg L-1 when the probe was completely buried in 0 to 2.5 cm channel bed material. In the field application, the probe was installed in the base and center of a flume. Basal (0 to 2 cm depth) sediment concentrations were monitored during three flows with peak discharges of 5, 70, and 130 m(3) s(-1), representing small, intermediate, and large events. For the large and intermediate events, basal sediment concentrations rose from 0.4 to 1.2 kg L-1 to a plateau of 1.5 to 1.9 kg L-1 after the flow peak. The plateau extended through much of the tail of the hydrograph before falling to back to 0.4 to 1.2 kg L-1. The small event had a similar progression but lower overall concentrations of 0.2 to 0.8 kg L-1. These observations are consistent with a period of high sediment transport and channel erosion in the tail of monsoon runoff hydrographs. The dielectric method provides in-situ measurements in high-concentration environments where traditional methods fail. C1 Univ Maine, USDA, ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Starr, GC (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA, ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM gordon.starr@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 205 EP 209 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200022 ER PT J AU Wang, N Zhang, N Dowell, FE Pearson, T AF Wang, N Zhang, N Dowell, FE Pearson, T TI Determining vitreousness of durum wheat using transmitted and reflected images SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE automation; grading; illumination; inspection; machine vision; wheat ID MACHINE VISION; NEURAL-NETWORK; KERNELS; SYSTEM; HARD AB Digital imaging technology has found many applications in the grain industry. In this study images of durum wheat kernels acquired under three illumination conditions (reflected, side-transmitted, and transmitted) were used to develop artificial neural network models to classify durum wheat kernels by their vitreousness. The results showed that the models trained using transmitted images provided the best classification for the nonvitreousness class (100% for non-vitreous kernels and 92.6% for mottled kernels). Results of the study also indicated that using transmitted illumination may greatly reduce the hardware and software requirements for the inspection system, while providing faster and more accurate results for inspection of vitreousness of durum wheat. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA, ARS, BGrain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, MSI-027,MacDonald Campus,21,111 Lakeshore Ave, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM ning.wang@mcgill.ca NR 9 TC 8 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 219 EP 222 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200024 ER PT J AU Peng, Y Lu, R AF Peng, Y Lu, R TI Modeling multispectral scattering profiles for prediction of apple fruit firmness SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE apple; firmness; fruit; Lorentzian distribution function; multispectral imaging; near-infrared scattering ID INFRARED DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; NONDESTRUCTIVE DETERMINATION; SOLUBLE SOLIDS; SUGAR CONTENT; INTERNAL QUALITY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY AB Nondestructive measurement of fruit firmness would allow the fruit industry to deliver superior, consistent fruit to the marketplace and ensure consumer acceptance and satisfaction. The objective of this research was to develop mathematical models to describe the relationship between fruit firmness and multispectral scattering profiles from apples. Scattering images were acquired from Red Delicious apples using two different multispectral imaging systems at wavelengths 680 nm, 880 nm, 905 nm, and 940 nm with a bandpass of 10 nm. Radial scattering profiles were described accurately by a Lorentzian distribution function with three independent profile parameters. Firmness prediction models were constructed using multilinear regression against twelve Lorentzian parameters for four wavelengths, and they were verified with separate sets of apple fruit. The prediction models gave firmness predictions with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.82 and the standard error for validation (SEV) of 6.39 N for one set of apple samples, and r = 0.76 and SEV = 6.01 N for another set. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu NR 35 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200027 ER PT J AU Rausch, KD Belyea, RL Ellersieck, MR Singh, V Johnston, DB Tumbleson, ME AF Rausch, KD Belyea, RL Ellersieck, MR Singh, V Johnston, DB Tumbleson, ME TI Particle size distributions of ground corn and DDGS from dry grind processing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE coproducts; corn; DDGS; distillers dried grains with solubles; ethanol ID BREAKAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY; MILLING CHARACTERISTICS; HARDNESS AB Ethanol production has increased in the past decade as a result of growth in the dry grind industry. In the dry grind process, the first step is grinding of corn. The particle size of the resulting ground corn can affect the fermentation process and the particle size of dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS), a coproduct of dry grind processing. Few data are available that characterize particle size distributions of ground corn or DDGS. The objective was to determine particle size distributions of ground corn and DDGS. Samples of ground corn and DDGS were obtained from nine dry grind plants; particle size distribution, geometric mean diameter (d(gw)) and geometric standard deviation (S-gw) were determined. The d(gw) of ground corn and of DDGS were not different among processing plants. The overall mean d(gw) of ground corn was not different from that of DDGS. Most of the ground corn (80 g/100 g) and DDGS (70 g/100 g) were recovered in the three largest particle size categories. The particle size distributions of ground corn were not correlated (r < 0.35) to particle size distributions of DDGS. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Math & Stat, Columbia, MO USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Rausch, KD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 1304 W Penn Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM krausch@uiuc.edu NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 273 EP 277 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200032 ER PT J AU Kim, H McConnell, LL Millner, P AF Kim, H McConnell, LL Millner, P TI Comparison of odorous volatile compounds from fourteen different commercial composts using solid-phase microextraction SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE butyric acid; carbon disulfide; composting; dimethyldisulfide; dimethylsulfide; maturity; odor propionic acid; stability; trimethylamine ID DYNAMIC OLFACTOMETRY; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; ACIDS; FACILITY AB In this study, odorous volatile compounds (OVCs) from market-ready, commercial composts supplied by 14 different producers were compared using a recently developed method involving solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of headspace volatiles followed by GC analysis. The products analyzed were derived from a cross-section of the wide array of compost feedstock ingredients used in the U.S. (e.g., biosolids, yard trimmings, animal manure, and industrial by-products). A variety of quality assessment tests were perjbn-ned using test procedures specified in a national certification program offered through the U.S. Composting Council. Measurements of odorous chemicals (i.e., trimethylamine, carbon disulfide, dimethylsulfide, dimethyldisulfide, propionic acid, and butyric acid) supplemented other quality aspects in the evaluation of stability. Result showed that relatively higher concentrations of reduced sulfur- containing compounds were detected from marketable composts containing sewage sludge than from composts produced with other feedstocks. The greatest amounts of reduced sulfur- containing compounds were detected from a compost containing a mixture of industrial sludge and agricultural byproducts. Pathogen indicator microbes for most composts were within limits for Class A (U.S. EPA 40CFR Part503). Very large numbers of fecal coliforms, E. coli, and Enterococcus were present in the compost that produced the greatest concentrations of carbon disulfide and dimethylsulfide. Composts containing sewage sludge and yard wastes produced relatively higher concentrations of propionic and butyric acids than those containing other ingredients. The composition of OVCs in compost products can be objectively evaluated with the SPME method reported here. Results in combination with other compost quality factors may help compost producers improve product quality. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Seoul, South Korea. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 90 Jeonnong Dong, Seoul, South Korea. EM h_kim@uos.ac.kr RI Kim, Hyunook/C-9316-2012 OI Kim, Hyunook/0000-0003-1256-480X NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 315 EP 320 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200036 ER PT J AU Brabec, D Maghirang, R Casada, M Haque, E AF Brabec, D Maghirang, R Casada, M Haque, E TI Characterization and modeling of a high-pressure water-fogging system for grain dust control SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CFD; drops; mist; particles; spray ID SIMULATION AB Grain dust, a health and safety risk, is generated whenever grain is loaded into or unloaded from hoppers and equipment. This research investigated airflow models and evaluated the particle dynamics from a high-pressure water-fogging system for potential dust control at a grain-receiving hopper. Experiments were performed in a test chamber representing a narrow section of a grain-receiving hopper A 0.2 mm (0.008 in.) spray nozzle was used to produce a plume of fog directed across a free-falling grain column. More than 90% of the fog droplets ranged from 10 to 40,mu m in diameter Average droplet velocities in the plume cross-section were over 10 m s(-1) at 7.6 cm from the nozzle. The air- velocity pressures at 7.6 cm were flow distributions, grain dust parabolic in the radial direction, with maximum pressures over 275 Pa (1.1 in. H2O). Air transport, and spray droplet trajectories within the test chamber were modeled in three dimensions using FLUENT, which is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software program. Induced airflow from the spray fog caused recirculation of the air and dust particles in the lower part of the chamber This recirculation pattern transported the dust from the grain pile back into the spray plume, where it mixed with the spray fog. The spray produced deposits on the surface of the grain pile ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mg cm(-2) S-1. However, when the grain pile filled the chamber and was positioned directly in the spray plume, the grain surface deposits were 1.2 mg cm(-2) S-1 at the grain peak. The spray produced deposits on the sidewall of the chamber Sidewall spray deposits were 11 mg cm(-2) min(-1) in the middle of the test chamber and 1.5 mg cm(-2) min(-1) near the outlet. The sidewall dust deposits during spray treatment ranged from 1.2 to 0.5 mg cm(-2) min(-1) and correlated with the spray deposits with an R-2 of 0.95. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Brabec, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM dan@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 331 EP 339 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200038 ER PT J AU Ramalingam, N Ling, PP Derksen, RC AF Ramalingam, N Ling, PP Derksen, RC TI Background reflectance compensation and its effect on multispectral leaf surface moisture assessment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE background compensation; controlled environment plant production; plant monitoring; remote sensing; sensors ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; LEAVES AB The feasibility of using a multispectral imaging sensor for non-contact leaf wetness sensing was evaluated. The changes of spectral reflectance in the visible (400-700 nm), very- near- infrared (700-1300 nm) and near-infrared ranges (1300-2500 nm) caused by leaf surface moisture were investigated under filtered tungsten halogen lighting. The spectral information collected using the imaging system was a mixture of the reflectance of the objects of interest and the background in the sensor's field of view. For accurate leaf surface water analysis, background compensation techniques were evaluated to obtain compensated reflectance spectra. Visible and near-infrared regions were found to be less affected by background and were well compensated, whereas very-near- infrared regions had large background effects. The background reflectance compensation significantly improved the accuracy of leaf surface water assessment. The study showed that the multispectral imaging technique could be used to assess coverage of high-volume spray applications. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA, ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Ling, PP (reprint author), 1680 Madison Ave,Agr Engn Bldg, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM ling.23@osu.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 375 EP 383 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 905BS UT WOS:000227543200043 ER PT S AU Stommes, ES Brown, DM AF Stommes, ES Brown, DM GP TRB TI Moving rural residents to work - Lessons from eight job access and reverse commute projects SO TRANSIT: BUS, RURAL PUBLIC AND INTERCITY, AND PARATRANSIT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB Rural areas present special challenges for meeting the transportation needs of individuals, especially people without cars. Congress established the Job Access and Reverse Commute (JARC) program in 1998 to assist states and localities in developing transportation services to connect welfare recipients and other low-income residents to jobs and other support programs. There are key results of a study examining eight rural areas receiving JARC funding in Fiscal Year 1999. Specific program elements include the implementation process, transportation services provided, and solutions developed to deal with the challenges of distance and low population densities that rural transit systems frequently face. C1 USDA, Food & Rural Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Stommes, ES (reprint author), USDA, Food & Rural Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09374-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1903 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BDM31 UT WOS:000234263700006 ER PT S AU Giardina, CP Coleman, MD Hancock, JE King, JS Lilleskov, EA Loya, WM Pregitzer, KS Ryan, MG Trettin, CC AF Giardina, CP Coleman, MD Hancock, JE King, JS Lilleskov, EA Loya, WM Pregitzer, KS Ryan, MG Trettin, CC BE Binkley, D Menyailo, O TI The response of belowground carbon allocation in forests to global change SO Tree Species Effects on Soils: Implications For Global Change SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Trees and Soil Interactions, Implications to Global Climate Change CY AUG, 2004 CL Krasnoyarsk, RUSSIA SP NATO ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION GRADIENT; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; POSTFIRE LODGEPOLE PINE; SOIL-N AVAILABILITY; DOUGLAS-FIR; MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AB Belowground carbon allocation (BCA) in forests regulates soil organic matter formation and influences biotic and abiotic properties of soil such as bulk density, cation exchange capacity, and water holding capacity. On a global scale, the total quantity of carbon allocated belowground by terrestrial plants is enormous, exceeding by an order of magnitude the quantity of carbon emitted to the atmosphere through combustion of fossil fuels. Despite the importance of BCA to the functioning of plant and soil communities, as well as the global carbon budget, controls on BCA are relatively poorly understood. Consequently, our ability to predict how BCA will respond to changes in atmospheric greenhouse gases, climate, nutrient deposition, and plant community composition remains rudimentary. In this synthesis, we examine BCA from three perspectives: coarse-root standing stock, belowground net primary production (BNPP), and total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA). For each, we examine methodologies and methodological constraints, as well as constraints of terminology. We then examine available data for any predictable variation in BCA due to changes in species composition, mean annual temperature, or elevated CO2 in existing Free Air CO2 Exposure (FACE) experiments. Finally, we discuss what we feel are important future directions for belowground carbon allocation research, with a focus on global change issues. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Serv, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Giardina, CP (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Serv, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013; Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 142 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-3445-8 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2005 VL 55 BP 119 EP 154 PG 36 WC Forestry; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science SC Forestry; Geology; Agriculture GA BCQ15 UT WOS:000230649500007 ER PT S AU Mertens, I Vandingenen, A Clynen, E Nachman, RJ De Loof, A Schoofs, L AF Mertens, I Vandingenen, A Clynen, E Nachman, RJ De Loof, A Schoofs, L BE Vaudry, H Roubos, E Schoofs, L Fiik, G Larhammar, D TI Characterization of an RFamide-related peptide orphan GPCR in C. elegans SO TRENDS IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND NEUROBIOLOGY SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Trends in Comparative Endocrinology and Neurobiology CY AUG 24-28, 2004 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Formas, Swedish Res Council, Uppsala Univ, City Uppsala, Facias Fdn, MERCODIA AB, Uppsala Bio DE Caenorhabditis elegans; VRFamide receptor 1; orphan receptor strategy; FMRFamide-related peptides; GPCR ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; RECEPTOR; IDENTIFICATION AB We cloned and characterized an orphan FMRFamide-related peptide (FaRP) GPCR in Caenorhabditis elegans. We synthesized numerous structurally different FaRPs that were found in the C. elegans genome by bioinformatic analysis and used them to screen cells expressing the C26F1.6 receptor. Two peptides ending in M(orL)VRFamide elicited a calcium response in receptor-expressing mammalian Chinese hamster ovary cells. The response was dose-dependent and appeared to be very specific; that is, none of the other FaRPs were active, not even closely related peptides also ending in M(orL)VPF-amide, which are encoded by the same peptide precursor. Pharmacological profiling with a truncated series of the most active peptide revealed that the full peptide sequence is necessary for receptor activation. C1 Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Dev Physiol Genom & Proteom, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Dev Physiol Genom & Proteom, Naamsestr 59, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. EM inge.mertens@bio.kuleuven.ac.be NR 7 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-569-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1040 BP 410 EP 412 DI 10.1196/annals.1327.076 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BCR59 UT WOS:000230936100075 PM 15891075 ER PT S AU Smagghe, G Vanhassel, W Moeremans, C De Wilde, D Goto, S Loeb, MJ Blackburn, MB Hakim, RS AF Smagghe, G Vanhassel, W Moeremans, C De Wilde, D Goto, S Loeb, MJ Blackburn, MB Hakim, RS BE Vaudry, H Roubos, E Schoofs, L Fiik, G Larhammar, D TI Stimulation of midgut stem cell proliferation and differentiation by insect hormones and peptides SO TRENDS IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND NEUROBIOLOGY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Trends in Comparative Endocrinology and Neurobiology CY AUG 24-28, 2004 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Formas, Swedish Res Council, Uppsala Univ, City Uppsala, Facias Fdn, MERCODIA AB, Uppsala Bio DE midgut stem cells; ecdysone; 20-hydroxyecdysone; alpha-arylphorin; midgut differentiation factors; Spodoptera littoralis ID IN-VITRO; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; REGENERATION; SYSTEM AB Stem cells derived from midguts of the caterpillar, Spodoptera littoralis, can be induced to multiply and differentiate in vitro. Ecdysone (E) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) had a concentration-dependent effect: E was more active in cell proliferation and 20E in differentiation. Ecdysteroid receptors in midgut stem cell nuclei were stained with the antibody 9B9. In addition, alpha-arylphorin and four midgut differentiation factors (MDF) specifically stimulated proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, respectively. The activity of a panel of peptide growth factors and hormones on growth and metamorphosis of the insect midgut is discussed. C1 State Univ Ghent, Dept Crop Protect, Lab Agrozool, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Free Univ Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Kobe, Hyogo 657, Japan. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Smagghe, G (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Dept Crop Protect, Lab Agrozool, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM guy.smagghe@ugent.be NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-569-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1040 BP 472 EP 475 DI 10.1196/annals.1327.094 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BCR59 UT WOS:000230936100093 PM 15891093 ER PT S AU Vercruysse, L Gelman, D Van de Velde, S Raes, E Hooghe, B Vermeirssen, V Van Camp, J Smagghe, G AF Vercruysse, L Gelman, D Van de Velde, S Raes, E Hooghe, B Vermeirssen, V Van Camp, J Smagghe, G BE Vaudry, H Roubos, E Schoofs, L Fiik, G Larhammar, D TI ACE inhibitor captopril reduces ecdysteroids and oviposition in moths SO TRENDS IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND NEUROBIOLOGY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Trends in Comparative Endocrinology and Neurobiology CY AUG 24-28, 2004 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Formas, Swedish Res Council, Uppsala Univ, City Uppsala, Facias Fdn, MERCODIA AB, Uppsala Bio DE angiotensin converting enzyme; captopril; metamorphosis; oviposition; ecdysteroid; trypsin; Spodoptera littoralis ID ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; TRYPSIN AB By using the selective ACE inhibitor captopril, we studied the effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) on larval growth, metamorphosis, and reproduction in a lepidopteran species, the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis. Captopril was detrimental to adult formation and oviposition, and in female moths it elicited decreasing ecdysteroid levels, but increasing trypsin activities. Our results suggest that captopril downregulates oviposition by two independent pathways. Apparently, oviposition is influenced by a complex interaction of ACE, trypsin activity, and ecdysteroid levels. C1 State Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Lab Agrozol, Dept Crop Protect, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vercruysse, L (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Lab Agrozol, Dept Crop Protect, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM lieselot.vercruysse@ugent.be NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-569-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1040 BP 498 EP 500 DI 10.1196/annals.1327.102 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BCR59 UT WOS:000230936100100 PM 15891100 ER PT J AU Wrolstad, RE Durst, RW Lee, J AF Wrolstad, RE Durst, RW Lee, J TI Tracking color and pigment changes in anthocyanin products SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE METHODS; MOLD CONTAMINATION; STRAWBERRY JUICE; RED RADISH; STABILITY; WINE; IDENTIFICATION; CONCENTRATE; APPEARANCE; SEPARATION AB Anthocyanin pigments readily degrade during processing and storage of foodstuffs, which can have a dramatic impact on color quality and may also affect nutritional properties. Total anthocyanin pigment content and indices for polymeric color and browning are easily measured with simple spectrophotometric methods. Once individual pigments are identified, their changes can be monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Modern color instrumentation has made measurement of CIEL*a*b* indices practical and easy. Indices of lightness(L*), chroma(C*), and hue angle (h) are particularly useful for tracking color change. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, HCRL, Pharma Res & Extens Ctr, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Wrolstad, RE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Wiegand Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ron.wroistad@oregonstate.edu RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 35 TC 215 Z9 235 U1 12 U2 93 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 16 IS 9 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.tifs.2005.03.019 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 968RO UT WOS:000232180100007 ER PT B AU Winandy, JE Wellwood, RW Hiziroglu, S AF Winandy, JE Wellwood, RW Hiziroglu, S BE Winandy, JE Wellwood, RW Hiziroglu, S TI Using wood composites as a tool for sustainable forestry SO Using Wood Composites as a Tool for Sustainable Forestry SE USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory General Technical Report - Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd World Congress of the International-Union-of-Forest-Research-Organizations CY AUG 08-13, 2005 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Int Union Forest Res Org C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTAIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 USA J9 USDA FOR SERV FOR PR PY 2005 VL 163 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BEE24 UT WOS:000236911400001 ER PT B AU Winandy, JE Hiziroglu, S AF Winandy, JE Hiziroglu, S BE Winandy, JE Wellwood, RW Hiziroglu, S TI North American perspective on using wood-based structural composite products as forest management tools to improve forest health and sustainability and to reduce forest fuels and exotic-invasive species SO Using Wood Composites as a Tool for Sustainable Forestry SE USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory General Technical Report - Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd World Congress of the International-Union-of-Forest-Research-Organizations CY AUG 08-13, 2005 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Int Union Forest Res Org AB Selective harvesting is now recognized as a critical tool in maintaining healthy and sustainable forests. Research is underway on developing value-added processes for manufacturing biocomposites from small-diameter timber, forest residue, and whole tree trimmings and from exotic and invasive species. In this way, "whole-site" forest management can be implemented to use all available residual biomass for optimum utilization, leaving minimal impact in the forest and reduced potential for future insect, disease, or forest fire. This research will also encourage rural development and reduce costs to government agencies for improved forest health, ecosystem management, and minimized fire mitigation. C1 Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV INTERMOUNTAIN RESEARCH STN PI OGDEN PA FEDERAL BLDG, 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 USA J9 USDA FOR SERV FOR PR PY 2005 VL 163 BP 2 EP 8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BEE24 UT WOS:000236911400002 ER PT J AU Little, L Shokek, A Dubey, JP DeHeer, HL AF Little, L Shokek, A Dubey, JP DeHeer, HL TI Toxoplasma gondii-like organisms in skin aspirates from a cat with disseminated protozoal infection SO VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cat; cytology; Neospora; skin; Toxoplasma ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; TISSUES; DNA; PCR AB An 8-year-old, male domestic shorthair cat was referred to the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania with a 3-day history of lethargy, inappetance, hyperemic skin nodules, coughing, and vomiting. Laboratory results included nonregenerative anemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, and increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Cytology of the skin nodules revealed many spindle- to crescent-shaped protozoal organisms, with morphology consistent with Toxoplasma gondii or Neospora caninum. Gross necropsy, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and transmission electron microscopic findings confirmed a systemic protozoal infection; however, the organism exhibited characteristics of both N caninum and T gondii. Diagnosis of a T gondii-like infection was based on internal structures of the organism and positive reaction to rabbit polyclonal antibodies to T gondii. Reports of toxoplasmic dermatitis are rare in the cat and dog, and this is the first reported diagnosis of T gondii-like protozoa in skin aspirates. (c) 2005 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology. C1 Univ Penn, Lab Pathol & Toxicol, Dept Pathobiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Little, L (reprint author), Univ Penn, Lab Pathol & Toxicol, Dept Pathobiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM lizklittle@yahoo.com NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, SCHOOL VETERINARY MED, DEPT VETERINARY PATHOLOGY, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0275-6382 J9 VET CLIN PATH JI Vet. Clin. Pathol. PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 156 EP 160 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 927OB UT WOS:000229202100012 PM 15902669 ER PT J AU Huntley, JFJ Whitlock, RH Bannantine, JP Stabel, JR AF Huntley, JFJ Whitlock, RH Bannantine, JP Stabel, JR TI Comparison of diagnostic detection methods for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in North American bison SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bison; immunohistochemistry; Paratuberculosis; polymerase chain reaction ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RUMINANT PARA-TUBERCULOSIS; BOVINE FECAL SAMPLES; JOHNES-DISEASE; TULE ELK; POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES; NESTED PCR; CULTURE; TISSUES; CATTLE AB Tissues and fecal material were collected from 14 North American bison (Bison bison) that were suspected of having Johne's disease and analyzed for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis). Sections of ileum, ileal-cecal lymph node, and three sequential sections of jejunum with their associated mesenteric lymph nodes were taken from each animal. Fecal culture indicated that 5 of 14 (35.7%) animals were infected, whereas cultures from tissues detected 12 of 14 (85.7%) animals as infected and 59 of 111 (53.2%) of the tissues as positive for M. paratuberculosis. Polymerase chain reaction analysis identified infection in 14 of 14 (100%) animals and in 91 of 112 (81.2%) tissues. In addition, tissues were processed for Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining, auramine O/acridine orange fluorescent staining, and immunohistochemical staining. Ziehl-Neelsen and auramine 0 staining identified 7 of 14 (50%) and 5 of 14 (35.7%) animals as infected and 24 of 112 (21.4%) and 28 of 112 (25%) tissues as positive, respectively. Immunohistochemical analyses of bison tissues, using antisera collected from rabbits immunized with four different preparations of M. paratuberculosis, identified a greater percentage of infected animals (ranging from 57 to 93%) and positive tissues (ranging from 28 to 46%). Collectively, these data indicate that DNA-based detection of M. paratuberculosis was more sensitive than bacterial culture or staining, identified infection in all the bison, and detected the greatest number of positive tissues within each animal. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA USA. Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Huntley, JFJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Huntley, Jason/N-3848-2015; OI Huntley, Jason/0000-0002-0501-6103; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1354/vp.42-1-42 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 889UT UT WOS:000226468900006 PM 15657271 ER PT J AU Alvarez, R Seal, BS AF Alvarez, Rene Seal, Bruce S. TI Identification of a truncated nucleoprotein in avian metapneumovirus-infected cells encoded by a second AUG, in-frame to the full-length gene SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Background: Avian metapneumoviruses (aMPV) cause an upper respiratory disease with low mortality, but high morbidity primarily in commercial turkeys. There are three types of aMPV (A, B, C) of which the C type is found only in the United States. Viruses related to aMPV include human, bovine, ovine, and caprine respiratory syncytial viruses and pneumonia virus of mice, as well as the recently identified human metapneumovirus (hMPV). The aMPV and hMPV have become the type viruses of a new genus within the Metapneumovirus. The aMPV nucleoprotein (N) amino acid sequences of serotypes A, B, and C were aligned for comparative analysis. Based on predicted antigenicity of consensus protein sequences, five aMPV-specific N peptides were synthesized for development of peptide-antigens and antisera. Results: The presence of two aMPV nucleoprotein (N) gene encoded polypeptides was detected in aMPV/C/US/Co and aMPV/A/UK/3b infected Vero cells. Nucleoprotein 1 (N1) encoded from the first open reading frame (ORF) was predicted to be 394 amino acids in length for aMPV/C/US/Co and 391 amino acids in length for aMPV/A/UK/3b with approximate molecular weights of 43.3 kilodaltons and 42.7 kilodaltons, respectively. Nucleoprotein 2 (N2) was hypothesized to be encoded by a second downstream ORF in-frame with ORF1 and encoded a protein predicted to contain 328 amino acids for aMPV/C/US/Co or 259 amino acids for aMPV/A/UK/3b with approximate molecular weights of 36 kilodaltons and 28.3 kilodaltons, respectively. Peptide antibodies to the N-terminal and C-terminal portions of the aMPV N protein confirmed presence of these products in both aMPV/C/US/Co- and aMPV/A/UK/3b-infected Vero cells. N1 and N2 for aMPV/C/US/Co ORFs were molecularly cloned and expressed in Vero cells utilizing eukaryotic expression vectors to confirm identity of the aMPV encoded proteins. Conclusion: This is the first reported identification of potential, accessory in-frame N2 ORF gene products among members of the Paramyxoviridae. Genomic sequence analyses of related members of the Pneumovirinae other than aMPV, including human respiratory syncytial virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus demonstrated the presence of this second potential ORF among these agents. C1 [Alvarez, Rene; Seal, Bruce S.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Seal, Bruce S.] USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Seal, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ralvarez@vet.uga.edu; bseal@saa.ars.usda.gov FU ARS; USDA CRIS [6612-32000-015-00D-085]; U.S. Poultry & Egg Association [404] FX This research was supported by ARS, USDA CRIS project No. 6612-32000-015-00D-085 and U.S. Poultry & Egg Association grant no. 404 to BSS which supported synthesis of peptides and immunization for antibodies commercially. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PY 2005 VL 2 AR 31 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-2-31 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA V26AR UT WOS:000208519000031 PM 15826312 ER PT J AU Velten, J Morey, KJ Cazzonelli, CI AF Velten, Jeff Morey, Kevin J. Cazzonelli, Christopher I. TI Plant viral intergenic DNA sequence repeats with transcription enhancing activity SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Background: The geminivirus and nanovirus families of DNA plant viruses have proved to be a fertile source of viral genomic sequences, clearly demonstrated by the large number of sequence entries within public DNA sequence databases. Due to considerable conservation in genome organization, these viruses contain easily identifiable intergenic regions that have been found to contain multiple DNA sequence elements important to viral replication and gene regulation. As a first step in a broad screen of geminivirus and nanovirus intergenic sequences for DNA segments important in controlling viral gene expression, we have 'mined' a large set of viral intergenic regions for transcriptional enhancers. Viral sequences that are found to act as enhancers of transcription in plants are likely to contribute to viral gene activity during infection. Results: DNA sequences from the intergenic regions of 29 geminiviruses or nanoviruses were scanned for repeated sequence elements to be tested for transcription enhancing activity. 105 elements were identified and placed immediately upstream from a minimal plant-functional promoter fused to an intron-containing luciferase reporter gene. Transient luciferase activity was measured within Agrobacteria-infused Nicotiana tobacum leaf tissue. Of the 105 elements tested, 14 were found to reproducibly elevate reporter gene activity (>25% increase over that from the minimal promoter-reporter construct, p < 0.05), while 91 elements failed to increase luciferase activity. A previously described "conserved late element" (CLE) was identified within tested repeats from 5 different viral species was found to have intrinsic enhancer activity in the absence of viral gene products. The remaining 9 active elements have not been previously demonstrated to act as functional promoter components. Conclusion: Biological significance for the active DNA elements identified is supported by repeated isolation of a previously defined viral element (CLE), and the finding that two of three viral enhancer elements examined were markedly enriched within both geminivirus sequences and within Arabidopsis promoter regions. These data provide a useful starting point for virologists interested in undertaking more detailed analysis of geminiviral promoter function. C1 [Velten, Jeff; Cazzonelli, Christopher I.] ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Morey, Kevin J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Velten, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM jvelten@lbk.ars.usda.gov; Kevin.Morey@ColoState.EDU; ccazzonelli@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Cazzonelli, Christopher/A-5347-2010 OI Cazzonelli, Christopher/0000-0003-3096-3193 NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PY 2005 VL 2 AR 16 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-2-16 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA V26AR UT WOS:000208519000016 PM 15730562 ER PT J AU Lwamba, HCM Alvarez, R Wise, MG Yu, QZ Halvorson, D Njenga, MK Seal, BS AF Lwamba, HCM Alvarez, R Wise, MG Yu, QZ Halvorson, D Njenga, MK Seal, BS TI Comparison of the full-length genome sequence of Avian metapneumovirus subtype C with other paramyxoviruses SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Paramyxovirus; Metapneumovirus; subtype; intergenic region ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; TURKEY RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; GENE ORDER DIFFERENT; STRAND RNA VIRUSES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GREATER IDENTITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB We determined the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the small hydrophobic (SH). attachment glycoprotein (G). and RNA polymerase (L) genes, plus the leader and trailer regions of the Colorado strain of Avian metapneumovirus subtype C (aMPV/C) in order to complete the genome sequencing. The complete genome comprised of 13,134 nucleotides, with a 40 nt leader at its 3' end and a 45 nt trailer at its 5' end. The aMPV/C L gene was the largest with 6173 nt and consisting of a single open reading frame encoding a 2005 amino acids (aa) protein. Comparison of the aMPV/C SH. G. and L nt and predicted aa sequences with those of Human metapneumoviruses (hMPV) revealed higher nt and aa sequence identities than the sequence identities between the aMPV subtypes A, B, C, and D, supporting earlier finding that aMPV/C was closer evolutionary to hMPV than the other aMPV subtypes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Njenga, MK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Njeng001@umn.edu NR 59 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.07.002 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 885QW UT WOS:000226173000011 PM 15567037 ER PT J AU Alvarez, R Jones, LP Seal, BS Kapczynski, DR Tripp, RA AF Alvarez, R Jones, LP Seal, BS Kapczynski, DR Tripp, RA TI Serological cross-reactivity of members of the Metapneumovirus genus (vol 105, pg 67, 2004) SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp & Enter Viruses, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Room 356, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rtripp@vet.uga.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 109 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.09.003 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 885QW UT WOS:000226173000014 ER PT B AU Horst, RL Reinhardt, TA Reddy, GS AF Horst, Ronald L. Reinhardt, Timothy A. Reddy, G. Satyanarayana BE Feldman, D TI Vitamin D Metabolism SO VITAMIN D: VOLS 1 AND 2, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAT INTESTINAL 24-HYDROXYLASE; HOMOLOGOUS UP-REGULATION; SELF-INDUCED METABOLISM; C-24 OXIDATION PATHWAY; TARGET-CELL METABOLISM; OSTEO-SARCOMA CELLS; IN-VIVO REGULATION; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; 1-ALPHA,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3 C1 [Horst, Ronald L.; Reinhardt, Timothy A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Reddy, G. Satyanarayana] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Horst, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 241 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-252687-9; 978-0-12-252687-9 PY 2005 BP 15 EP 36 PG 22 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BCV82 UT WOS:000311626800004 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, Steven A. BE Feldman, D TI Vitamin D Deficiency and Calcium Absorption during Infancy and Childhood SO VITAMIN D: VOLS 1 AND 2, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; PEAK BONE MASS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HUMAN-MILK; PRETERM INFANTS; PREMATURE-INFANTS; DIETARY CALCIUM; MINERAL BALANCE; VILLAGE POPULATIONS; METABOLIC BALANCE C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-252687-9 PY 2005 BP 811 EP 821 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BCV82 UT WOS:000311626800051 ER PT J AU Lima, I Marshall, WE AF Lima, I Marshall, WE TI Utilization of turkey manure as granular activated carbon: Physical, chemical and adsorptive properties SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE AB The high availability of large quantities of turkey manure generated from turkey production makes it an attractive feedstock for carbon production. Pelletized samples of turkey litter and cake were converted to granular activated carbons (GACs) by steam activation. Water flow rate and activation time were changed to produce a range of activation conditions. The GACs were characterized for select physical (yield, surface area, bulk density, attrition), chemical (pH, surface charge) and adsorptive properties (copper ion uptake). Carbon physical and adsorptive properties were dependent on activation time and quantity of steam used as activant. Yields varied from 23% to 37%, surface area varied from 248 to 472 m(2)/g and copper ion adsorption varied from 0.72 to 1.86 mmol Cu2+/g carbon. Copper ion adsorption greatly exceeded the values for two commercial GACs. GACs from turkey litter and cake show considerable potential to remove metal ions from water. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Lima, I (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd,POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM imlima@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2005 VL 25 IS 7 BP 726 EP 732 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2004.12.019 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 955CM UT WOS:000231202600009 PM 16009307 ER PT J AU Williard, KWJ Dewalle, DR Edwards, PJ AF Williard, KWJ Dewalle, DR Edwards, PJ TI Influence of bedrock geology and tree species composition on stream nitrate concentrations in mid-Appalachian forested watersheds SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE agriculture; black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.); C : N ratio; fire; forest; land-use history; old-growth; nitrate leaching; nitrogen saturation; water quality ID FERNOW-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; NITROGEN SATURATION; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; INSECT DEFOLIATION; SOIL ACIDIFICATION; RIPARIAN ZONE; BLACK LOCUST; ECOSYSTEMS; USA AB Although the large variations in nitrate export from forested watersheds have been attributed to a variety of natural and disturbance-related factors, baseflow nitrate concentrations in 49 mid-Appalachian forested watersheds were most strongly related to differences in bedrock geology. Within the mid-Appalachian region of Pennsylvania, Maryland and West Virginia, watersheds dominated by Pottsville and Allegheny sandstone (PVA), Catskill, Chemung, and Pocono shale and sandstone (CCP), and Mauch Chunk shale and Greenbrier limestone (MCG), respectively, exhibited significantly different low, intermediate, and high mean stream nitrate concentrations. Soil pH, soil percent N concentration (%N), soil C:N mass ratio, soil exchangeable Ca, watershed slope, and the occurrence of white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L.) were related significantly to bedrock geology type as well as stream nitrate levels. Other factors such as past land disturbances (fire and agriculture) and stand age (old-growth) typically were associated with only one bedrock geology type. However, within a bedrock geology type, past agriculture and the presence of old-growth forest may be important in explaining stream nitrate concentrations on an individual watershed basis. The basal area of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a species that enhances soil nitrogen levels via nitrogen fixation, showed a moderate positive correlation with stream nitrate concentrations. Bedrock geology explained the most variation in winter (49%) and summer (32%) stream nitrate concentrations. Bedrock geology may have been a better predictor of stream nitrate concentrations than soil chemistry, because the geologic variation was better assessed at the regional scale of this study compared to soil chemistry, which varies at the micro-scale due to topographic, vegetation, microbial, and climatic influences. Results of this study suggest that bedrock geology is an important factor to consider when assessing forest nitrogen dynamics at a broad landscape scale. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Penn State Inst Environm, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Williard, KWJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM williard@siu.edu NR 80 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 160 IS 1-4 BP 55 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-3649-4 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 896IY UT WOS:000226929000006 ER PT J AU Hong, BG Swaney, DP Woodbury, PB Weinstein, DA AF Hong, BG Swaney, DP Woodbury, PB Weinstein, DA TI Long-term nitrate export pattern from Hubbard Brook watershed 6 driven by climatic variation SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; forested watershed; Hubbard Brook; modeling; nitrogen dynamics; streamflow nitrate flux ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; NITROGEN SATURATION; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; INSECT DEFOLIATION; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; SOIL-NITROGEN; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK AB From 1964 through 1994, the pattern of nitrate (NO3-) export from Watershed 6 at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in New Hampshire, U.S.A., exhibited 10 years of high export (1968-1977) followed by 12 years of low export (1978-1989), with four `spikes' in 1970, 1973, 1976, and 1990. Disruptions of N cycling by soil freezing, insect defoliation, or drought have been suggested to explain this pattern. We developed a model of nitrogen dynamics demonstrating that most of the long-term pattern can be reproduced without explicit consideration of these events. Comparisons of simulated N fluxes between high and low export years suggested that inorganic N input to the soil, from both atmospheric N deposition and N mineralization, was significantly higher during periods of high streamflow NO3- flux than in low periods. Simulated inorganic N pools (ammonium and nitrate) and fluxes (nitrification, plant uptake, denitrification, and ammonia volatilization) were also significantly higher in these periods. By swapping the time sequences of inorganic N input between high and low export years, it was shown that N mineralization, not atmospheric N deposition, drives the simulated long-term pattern. Although simulated nitrification showed a stronger relationship with measured streamflow NO3- flux than did N mineralization, nitrification rate depended upon availability of soil ammonium supplied from N mineralization. Because N mineralization in the model varies only with soil temperature and moisture, we conclude that shifts in the interaction of these two variables over time produced the shifts in NO3- stream exports. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hong, BG (reprint author), SUNY ESF, 106 Illick Hall,1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM bh43@cornell.edu OI Woodbury, Peter/0000-0003-3954-7639 NR 75 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 160 IS 1-4 BP 293 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-2831-z PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 896IY UT WOS:000226929000021 ER PT J AU Kolz, AC Moorman, TB Ong, SK Scoggin, KD Douglass, EA AF Kolz, AC Moorman, TB Ong, SK Scoggin, KD Douglass, EA TI Degradation and metabolite production of tylosin in anaerobic and aerobic swine-manure lagoons SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tylosin; antibiotic degradation; anaerobic; aerobic; swine manure ID VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHARMACEUTICALS; OXYTETRACYCLINE; METRONIDAZOLE; OLAQUINDOX; SOIL; STABILITY; SORPTION; SYSTEMS AB Watershed contamination from antibiotics is becoming a critical issue because of increased numbers of confined animal-feeding operations and the use of antibiotics in animal production. To understand the fate of tylosin in manure before it is land-applied, degradation in manure lagoon slurries at 22degreesC was studied. Tylosin disappearance followed a biphasic pattern, where rapid initial loss was followed by a slow removal phase. The 90 % disappearance times for tylosin, relomycin (tylosin D), and desmycosin (tylosin B) in anaerobically incubated slurries were 30 to 130 hours. Aerating the slurries reduced the 90 % disappearance times to between 12 and 26 hours. Biodegradation and abiotic degradation occur, but strong sorption to slurry solids was probably the primary mechanism of tylosin disappearance. Dihydrodesmycosin and an unknown degradate with molecular mass of m/z 934.5 were detected. Residual tylosin remained in slurry after eight months of incubation, indicating that degradation in lagoons is incomplete and that residues will enter agricultural fields. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ong, SK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, 395 Town Engn Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM skong@iastate.edu RI Ong, Say Kee/H-7026-2013 OI Ong, Say Kee/0000-0002-5008-4279 NR 25 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 31 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 77 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.2175/106143005X41618 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 897ED UT WOS:000226985900007 PM 15765935 ER PT J AU Sojka, RE Entry, JA Orts, WJ Morishita, DW Ross, CW Horne, DJ AF Sojka, RE Entry, JA Orts, WJ Morishita, DW Ross, CW Horne, DJ TI Synthetic- and bio-polymer use for runoff water quality management in irrigated agriculture SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th IWA International Specialised Conference on Diffuse Pollution and Basin Management CY AUG 17-21, 2003 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP IWA DE contaminant; erosion; PAM; pollution; polyacrylamide; sediment; TMDL ID FURROW IRRIGATION; WASTE-WATER; POLYACRYLAMIDE; SOIL; EROSION; INFILTRATION; DEGRADATION; ACRYLAMIDE; FIELD; MICROORGANISMS AB Low concentrations of synthetic- or bio-polymers, in irrigation water can nearly eliminate sediment, N, ortho- and total-P, DOM, pesticides, micro-organ isms, and weed seed from runoff. These environmentally safe polymers are employed in various sensitive uses including food processing, animal feeds, and potable water purification. The most common synthetic polymer is anionic, high purity polyacrylamide (PAM), which typically provides 70-90% contaminant elimination. Excellent results are achieved adding only 10 ppm PAM to irrigation water, applying 1 - 2 kg ha(-1) per irrigation, costing $4-$12 kg(-1). Biopolymers are less effective. Using twice or higher concentrations, existing biopolymers, are approximate to 60% effective as PAM, at 2-3 times the cost. A half million ha of US irrigated land use PAM for erosion control and runoff protection. The practice is spreading rapidly in the US and worldwide. Interest in development of biopolymer surrogates for PAM is high. If the supply of cheap natural gas (raw material for PAM synthesis) diminishes, industries may seek alternative polymers. Also "green" perceptions and preferences favor biopolymers for certain applications. C1 USDA, ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. USDA, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Idaho, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. Landcare Res, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Soil & Earth Sci Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Sojka, RE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3-4 BP 107 EP 115 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 922HI UT WOS:000228827100015 PM 15850180 ER PT J AU Anderson, DW King, DT AF Anderson, DW King, DT TI Introduction: Biology and conservation of the American White Pelican SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE American White Pelican; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; management unit; metapopulation; breeding colony; sub-colony; aggregation ID METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS AB Two separate, large-scale management units for the American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) in North America are proposed: the eastern and western metapopulations, separated by the North American Continental Divide. The populations on either side of this barrier are subject to contrasting ecological conditions, movement patterns suggest strong geographic separation and each is likely demographically distinct. Subdivisions within these demographic units need to be more precisely defined in the future. Yet, because of the highly colonial nesting habits of the American White Pelican, conservation can still be effective if directed toward separate breeding colonies. Our intent is to provide a compilation of current knowledge regarding species status, distribution and ecology. Herein, further study is recommended: (1) to determine genetic characteristics and the degree of genetic separation of the various geographic divisions in the range of the species to help ultimately better define "evolutionarily significant units" for American White Pelican conservation, (2) to study movements and genetic exchange among and between these divisions, and (3) to study movement patterns and genetic mixing among these divisions during long- and short-term changes in environmental conditions. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Anderson, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dwanderson@ucdavis.edu; Tommy.King@aphis.usda.gov NR 49 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2005 VL 28 SI 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)28[1:IBACOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 977MR UT WOS:000232808400002 ER PT J AU King, DT Anderson, DW AF King, DT Anderson, DW TI Recent population status of the American White Pelican: A continental perspective SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Pacific-Seabird-Group CY FEB 20-23, 2002 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP Pacific Seabird Grp DE American White Pelican; North America; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; population status; surveys AB Breeding bird surveys were conducted at most American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) colonies in North America from 1979-81 and the number of American White Pelicans was estimated at > 109,000 breeding individuals in 55 colonies. Although many pelican colonies have not been surveyed since the early 1980s, we present the most current survey numbers available for North American colonies. Using available data (1998-2001) and the North American Continental Divide to delineate eastern from western metapopulations, 27 colonies and 48,240 nests in the East and 15 colonies and 18,790 nests in the West were documented, giving a total of about 134,000 breeding pelicans in North America. The nest numbers of 20 eastern and western colonies that were surveyed during 1979-81 and again in 1998-2001 were also compared to determine if pelican numbers are changing. The number of AWPE nests in those colonies has more than doubled since the 1979-81 surveys. Because current data for colonies in part of the United States and much of Canada are lacking and about 20 years have passed since more complete surveys were done, we propose that regular and coordinated North American pelican surveys should be initiated. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP King, DT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Tommy.King@aphis.usda.gov NR 18 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2005 VL 28 SI 1 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)28[48:RPSOTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 977MR UT WOS:000232808400008 ER PT J AU King, DT AF King, DT TI Interactions between the American White Pelican and aquaculture in the southeastern United States: an overview SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Pacific-Seabird-Group CY FEB 20-23, 2002 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP Pacific Seabird Grp DE aquaculture; American White Pelican; Bolbophorus; Channel Catfish; Ictalurus punctatus; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; United States; wildlife damage management ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; DELTA REGION; MISSISSIPPI AB The eastern metapopulation of the American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) breeds mainly in the Northern Great Plains, migrates through the Great Plains and along the Mississippi River and winters in the lower Mississippi River Valley and along the Gulf of Mexico. The production of farm-raised Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctalus) in the southeastern United States has increased dramatically in the last 25 years. In 1990, U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services offices in Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi began receiving complaints concerning the foraging of pelicans in commercial Channel Catfish ponds. Because of the relatively shallow depth and high fish-stocking rates used by most catfish producers, these ponds provide an ideal foraging environment for the American White Pelican. Although the impact of foraging pelicans can be economically significant, the potential for pelicans to transmit trematode infections and other diseases to aquaculture facilities can be more destructive. Damage abatement recommendations have consisted of harassment measures similar to those used for other piscivorous birds, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Depredation Permits, and harassing the birds at their loafing sites. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP King, DT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, POB 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Tommy.King@aphis.usda.gov NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2005 VL 28 SI 1 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)28[83:IBTAWP]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 977MR UT WOS:000232808400012 ER PT J AU Dorr, B King, DT Harrel, JB Gerard, P Spalding, MG AF Dorr, B King, DT Harrel, JB Gerard, P Spalding, MG TI The use of culmen length to determine sex of the American White Pelican SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Pacific-Seabird-Group CY FEB 20-23, 2002 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP Pacific Seabird Grp DE gender; discriminant analysis; morphometrics; American White Pelican ID DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; EXTERNAL MEASUREMENTS; BIRDS; CORMORANTS; ADULT; GULLS AB Culmen length has been suggested as being diagnostic for sex in the American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos). However, the literature on the use of culmen length to determine sex is inconsistent, with reported overlap in culmen lengths for males and females ranging from 1 mm to > 120 mm. Morphological measurements from 188 American White Pelicans collected in Mississippi and Louisiana whose sex was determined by dissection and gonadal inspection were measured. The use of culmen length alone was used to determine gender for this sample by establishing the minimum observed culmen length for males and the maximum observed culmen length for females that provided the fewest incorrect determinations for each gender. A multivariate discriminant function model was developed to determine sex from our data and compared the diagnostic accuracy of the model with the accuracy based on culmen length alone. Both methods were validated using an independently collected sample of 22 pelicans from Florida. A culmen length of >= 310 mm for males and <= 309 mm for females from our data correctly classified sex for 99% of American White Pelicans from our Mississippi and Louisiana samples and 95% of AWPE for the Florida sample. Culmen length and wingcord length were significant variables in the discriminant function model. The resulting model correctly classified sex of 97% of the birds and 94% of the independent Florida sample. The culmen length alone predicted the sex of American White Pelicans as well as multivariate methods and provides an accurate simple, non-lethal method for sexing the species. C1 USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Field Off, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Dorr, B (reprint author), USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, PO Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM brian.s.dorr@aphis.usda.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2005 VL 28 SI 1 BP 102 EP 106 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)28[102:TUOCLT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 977MR UT WOS:000232808400015 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Contribution of ammonium to stimulation of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.) germination by extracts of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) residue SO WEED BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Hairy vetch is a leguminous winter annual cover crop that provides a significant contribution toward meeting the nitrogen requirement of succeeding crops. Hairy vetch residue is capable of suppressing weeds, but low levels of residue can intermittently stimulate the emergence of weeds, particularly smooth pigweed. This research was conducted to assess the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of hairy vetch extracts on two smooth pigweed lots with differing dormancy conditions under differing germination conditions (25 or 35 degrees C in lightor dark). Full-strength extracts inhibited germination of both lots under allconditions, a result explained by the inhibitory osmotic potential of the toll-strength extract. At <= 0.1X proportions of the hairy vetch extract, there was a slight stimulation of germination above that of the control (average = 11%) of both lots of pigweed under ill germination conditions, except for a large stimulation (87%) by the more dormant lot at 25 degrees C in light. A similar response to ammonium hydroxide solutions was observed, in which germination stimulation averaged 7% for all conditions except for germination of the dormant pigweed lot that was stimulated 115% by 15 p.p.m. of ammonium (NH4+) at 25 degrees C in light. As the NH4+ concentration in the hairy vetch extract was similar to that in the ammonium hydroxide solutions that promoted the largest stimulation of germination, and because there was a high correlation between the degree of germination stimulation by hairy vetch extracts and by ammonium hydroxide, NH4+ appears to be the principle ingredient in the extract responsible for stimulation of smooth pigweed germination. RP USDA ARS, Bldg 001,Room 245, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1444-6162 J9 WEED BIOL MANAG JI Weed Biol. Manag. PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00155.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 914RM UT WOS:000228245300004 ER PT J AU Molin, WT Hirase, K AF Molin, WT Hirase, K TI Effects of surfactants and simulated rainfall on the efficacy of the Engame formulation of glyphosate in johnsongrass, prickly sida and yellow nutsedge SO WEED BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AMADS; Engame; glyphosate; rainfastness; surfactant ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; RAINFASTNESS; TRANSLOCATION; RETENTION; BENTAZON AB The effects of surfactants and simulated rain were investigated on the efficacy of Engame and Roundup Ultramax formulations of glyphosate on johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense L.), prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.), Flame surfactant provided the greatest enhancement of Engame efficacy and the effect was species-dependent. Flame enhanced the activity of Engame on johnsongrass and yellow nutsedge but not on prickly sida. Engame and Engame plus Flame were more active than Roundup Ultramax on a glyphosate acid-equivalent basis on johnsongrass without rain, and on yellow nutsedge with or without rain. The Engame and Roundup Ultramax activities on johnsongrass were similar with rain, and rain occurring between five and 30 min after treatment diminished their activities to <38% of the control. With the addition of Flame surfactant, Engame activity on johnsongrass increased, such that 50% and 80% of the control were realized, even with rain occurring between five and 15 min after treatment, respectively. Engame and Roundup Ultramax provided better control of prickly sida than of johnsongrass following a rain event. The addition of Flame surfactant to Engame did not enhance the activity on prickly sida. Yellow nutsedge control with Engame and Engame plus Flame was greater than with Roundup Ultramax and rain had little effect on control regardless of the length of the rain-free period. These results demonstrated that the activities of Engame, Engame plus Flame and Roundup Ultramax were species-dependent and surfactant-dependent. C1 ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Hirase, K (reprint author), Mitsui Chem, Funct Chem Lab, 1144 Togo, Mobara, Chiba 2970017, Japan. EM kangetsu.hirase@mitsui-chem.co.jp NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1444-6162 J9 WEED BIOL MANAG JI Weed Biol. Manag. PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00166.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 968FH UT WOS:000232146800007 ER PT J AU Ekeleme, F Forcella, F Archer, DW Akobundu, IO Chikoye, D AF Ekeleme, F Forcella, F Archer, DW Akobundu, IO Chikoye, D TI Seedling emergence model for tropic ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal time; phenology; simulation; soil moisture; soil temperature; tropical weed ID WEED-MANAGEMENT PRACTICES; CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SOIL; TIME; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; GERMINATION; COMPETITION; SIMULATION AB The timing of weed seedling emergence relative to the crop is important in planning and optirtilzin the time 11 weed control. but vM, liude work has been done to predict seedling emergence of tropical weed species, especially in low-input and small-scale farms. We developed a simple model based on hydro-thermal time to predict seedling emergence of tropic ageratum. Hydrothermal time at 2-cm soil depth was calculated from soil moisture and soil temperature simulated m several micrometeorological and soil physical variables. The model was developed using 5 yr of field emergence data from a continuous corn-cassava production system in southwestern Nigeria. Percentage of cumulative seedling emergence from the 5-yr data set was fitted to cumulative soil hydrothermal time using a Weibull function. The predicted cumulative emergence curve significantly matched observed field emergence (r(2) = 0.83). Model predictions were evaluated with root mean square emergence data sets from southeastern Nigeria (RMSE error (RA4SE) using four field less than or equal to 10.1) and Los Banos.. Philippines (RMSE = 8.9). RMSE values less than or equal to 10 indicated that predictions represented observations well. With such models, extension personnel working on tropical soils. especially in West Africa. may be able to provide additional advice to farmers on the appropriate time for the management of tropic ageratum. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Michael Okpara Univ Agr, Dept Crop Protect, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM forcella@morris.ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 42 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1614/WS-03-147R1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890WL UT WOS:000226541700009 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Ransom, CV Thompson, WM AF Williams, MM Ransom, CV Thompson, WM TI Duration of volunteer potato (Solanum tuberosum) interference in bulb onion SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition; critical time of weed removal; critical weed-free period ID ALLIUM-CEPA; WEED COMPETITION; IRRIGATED ONION; CRITICAL PERIOD; DENSITY; YIELD; CORN; HERBICIDES; COLUMBIA; REMOVAL AB Previous research with annual weed species indicates that critical timing of weed removal begins primarily after the two-leaf stage of onion, a time when postemergence (POST) herbicides can first be applied. Volunteer potato is difficult to manage and persists in onion fields of western United States. The purpose of this research was to quantify the duration of volunteer potato interference on yield and market grade of onion as well as potato tuber production. Volunteer potato interference caused a 5% yield loss before onions reached the two-leaf stage, at two of three locations. Relative to weed-free plots, onion bulb diameter was reduced as duration of interference increased, resulting in smaller proportions of marketable bulbs. Volunteer potato produced daughter tubers shortly after emergence, which explains, in part, weed persistence despite removal of shoots with contact herbicides, cultivation, and hand-weeding in onion. Significant losses in onion yield and bulb diameter are likely given current volunteer potato management systems. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, N-325,Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1614/WS-04-079R1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890WL UT WOS:000226541700010 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Reddy, KN AF Koger, CH Reddy, KN TI Role of absorption and translocation in the mechanism of glyphosate resistance in horseweed (Conyza canadensis) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioassay; cuticle; epicuticular wax; glyphosate; glyphosate resistance; herbicide efficacy; weed resistance ID JOHNSONGRASS SORGHUM-HALEPENSE; LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; METABOLISM AB Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in horseweed populations from Mississippi, Arkansas, Delaware, and Tennessee. A nondestructive leaf-dip bioassay was developed to confirm resistance and susceptibility in individual test plants. A single leaf was excised from each plant, and the petiole and bottom one-fourth of leaf was dipped in a 600 mg ae L-1 glyphosate solution for 2 d followed by visually estimating the injury on a scale of 0 to 10. Plants were classified as resistant (R) if the score was 2 to 3 and susceptible (S) if the score was 5 to 6. C-14-glyphosate solution was applied on the adaxial surface of a fully expanded leaf of the second whorl of four-whorl rosette plants. Plants were harvested 48 h after treatment and radioactivity was determined in treated leaf, other leaves, crown, and roots. Absorption of C-14-glyphosate was similar (47 to 54%) between R and S plants from within and among the four states, suggesting absorption is not involved in glyphosate resistance. The amount of radioactivity translocated from the treated leaf was reduced in R plants compared with S plants. The reduction in translocation of 14C-glyphosate ranged from 28% in Mississippi-R biotype to 48% in Delaware-R biotype compared with their respective S biocypes. Epicuticular wax mass ranged from 6 to 80 mug cm(-2) among horseweed biotypes, with no differences between R and S biotypes within each state. Treating two leaves with glyphosate solution at the field use rate (0.84 kg ae ha(-1)) killed S plants but not R plants (38 to 58% control) regardless of state origin. These results suggest that a simple bioassay can be used to screen biotypes for suspected resistance and that reduced translocation of glyphosate plays a major role in glyphosate resistance in R biotypes of horseweed. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ckoger@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 18 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1614/WS-04-102R PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890WL UT WOS:000226541700013 ER PT J AU Kelley, KB Wax, LM Hager, AG Riechers, DE AF Kelley, KB Wax, LM Hager, AG Riechers, DE TI Soybean response to plant growth regulator herbicides is affected by other postemergence herbicides SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE auxinic herbicides; crop injury; herbicide interaction; spray drift; spray tank contamination; synergy ID GLYCINE-MAX; DICAMBA; SELECTIVITY; GLYPHOSATE; INJURY; 2,4-D; YIELD AB Two studies investigated off-target exposure of soybean to plant growth regulator (PGR) herbicides and determined if simultaneous exposure to PGR herbicides and labeled soybean herbicides increase PGR injury. The PGR herbicides, 2,4-D, clopyralid, and dicamba, as well as dicamba plus the auxin transport inhibitor diflufenzopyr, were applied to glyphosate-resistant soybean at the V3, V7, and R2 soybean growth stages. Two rates were chosen from previous and preliminary research to approximate threshold rates that would cause a yield reduction so as to distinguish differences in sensitivity between growth stages. All four PGR herbicides caused significant soybean injury, height reduction, and yield loss at one or more application rates and growth stages. Relative to other PGR herbicides, dicamba reduced soybean yield at the lowest rate (a potential rate from residues remaining in improperly cleaned application equipment), followed by clopyralid, with 2,4-D requiring the highest rate to reduce soybean yield (a potential rate from high level of spray drift). Dicamba and dicamba plus diflufenzopyr were applied at equal fractions of labeled use rates for corn to compare them directly at equivalent levels of off-target movement. Dicamba plus diflufenzopyr caused less injury and yield loss than dicamba applied alone. In a second study, the highest labeled soybean use rates of glyphosate, imazethapyr, imazamox, and fomesafen were applied alone and in combination with the highest rate of dicamba used in the first study (1% of a labeled use rate for corn) at the V3 and V7 stages. Dicamba demonstrated synergistic interactions with imazamox, imazethapyr, and fomesafen (but not with glyphosate) to further reduce yield under some circumstances, especially when applied at the V7 stage. Several treatments that included dicamba reduced soybean seed weight when applied at either the V3 or V7 stage and reduced the number of seeds per pod at the V7 stage. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Riechers, DE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM riechers@uiuc.edu NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1614/WS-04-078R PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890WL UT WOS:000226541700016 ER PT J AU Seefeldt, SS Stephens, JMC Verkaaik, ML Rahman, A AF Seefeldt, SS Stephens, JMC Verkaaik, ML Rahman, A TI Quantifying the impact of a weed in a perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE interference; facilitation ID CARDUUS-NUTANS L; GRASSLAND AB Any plant not sown from seed is often labeled a weed in improved pastures of New Zealand. Most improved pastures are a mix of perennial ryegrass and white clover but generally are infested with broadleaf weeds. Changes in forage production due to individual weeds were determined using measurements of perennial ryegrass and white clover before and after dairy cattle, beef cattle, or sheep grazing under, near, and far from individual plants of six rosette-forming weed species throughout a growing season. The larger weeds. bull thistle and musk thistle. reduced the amount of forage utilized 42 and 72%, respectively, in beef cattle and sheep-grazed hill-country pastures. Forage production under and near Canada thistle, hedge mustard, broadleaf plantain, and hairy buttercup in a dairy pasture was greater (136, 140 178, and 450%, respectively) than in the control. areas. Although the dairy pasture was grazed following recommended grazing procedures, our results indicate that this grazing system was not maximizing forage yield potentials of perennial ryegrass and white clover and that these weeds served as an indicator that the pasture was being overgrazed. C1 USDA ARS, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Univ Waikato, Dept Sci Biol, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand. AgRes, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand. AgRes, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, HC 62 Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM sseefeldt@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1614/WS-03-163R2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890WL UT WOS:000226541700017 ER PT J AU Eiswerth, ME Darden, TD Johnson, WS Agapoff, J Harris, TR AF Eiswerth, ME Darden, TD Johnson, WS Agapoff, J Harris, TR TI Input-output modeling, outdoor recreation, and the economic impacts of weeds SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE economic impacts; input-output analysis; invasive weeds; nonindigenous species; recreation ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; LEAFY SPURGE; GRASS AB Nonindigenous invasive weed species can have substantial negative impacts on the quantity and quality of outdoor recreational activities such as fishing, hunting, hiking, wildlife viewing, and water-based recreation. Despite the significance of impacts on recreation, very little research has been performed to estimate the corresponding economic losses at spatial scales such as regions, states, and watersheds. This is true primarily because in most jurisdictions the data necessary to estimate recreational impacts are scarce and incomplete. Because of the challenges involved in measuring recreational losses precisely, we illustrate a method that can provide indications of the ranges in which the true economic losses likely lie. To reflect underlying uncertainty in parameters such as the number of acres infested in a jurisdiction and the rate at which wildlife-related recreation decreases as a function of increasing weed infestation, we developed a range of estimates using lower, medium, and higher scenario combinations of parameter and variable values. Our case study jurisdiction is a western state (Nevada) in which nonindigenous weed infestations on public lands have expanded rapidly in recent years. Under conservative assumptions, the negative economic impacts sternming from the adverse influence of nonindigenous weeds on wildlife-related recreation in Nevada likely range from $6 million to $12 million per year. Using the most conservative findings for annual recreation losses, the predicted discounted stream of negative economic impacts over a future time horizon of 5 yr ranges from about $30 million to $40 million in Nevada, depending on actual future expansion rates of weeds. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Business & Econ, Dept Econ, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. New Mexico Dept Agr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA, Farm Serv Agcy, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Resource Econ, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Eiswerth, ME (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Business & Econ, Dept Econ, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. EM eiswertm@uww.edu NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1614/WS-04-022R PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 890WL UT WOS:000226541700019 ER PT J AU Parker, DC Simmons, FW Wax, LM AF Parker, DC Simmons, FW Wax, LM TI Fall and early preplant application timing effects on persistence and efficacy of acetamide herbicides SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil dissipation ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS; ACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; WEED-CONTROL; ALACHLOR; SOIL; DISSIPATION; METOLACHLOR; DEGRADATION; ACETOCHLOR; ADSORPTION AB The persistence and efficacy of acetamide herbicides at application timings from fall to preemergence (PRE) were studied in 1998 and 1999 on mollisols (1.1 to 2.8% organic carbon). Metolachlor, s-metolachlor, acetochlor (as an emulsifiable concentrate [EC] formulation and two encapsulated formulations, capsule suspension [CS] and microencapsulated [ME]), and the combination of flufenacet + metribuzin were evaluated at five application times including late fall, 60 and 30 d early preplant (EPP), preplant incorporated, and PRE. Soil bioassays 180 d after application indicated flufenacet + metribuzin, metolachlor, s-metolachlor, and the acetochlor CS had 62 to 74% giant foxtail control, whereas acetochlor EC and ME had 43 to 46% control. Applications at 60 EPP of metolachlor, s-metolachlor, and acetochlor CS provided 70 to 75% giant foxtail control in greenhouse bioassays, whereas flufenacet + metribuzin, acetochlor ME, and acetochlor EC provided 38 to 57% control. At the 30 EPP timing, metolachlor and acetochlor CS had 80 to 82% control, whereas acetochlor EC provided 46% control, and acetochlor ME, flufenacet + metribuzin, and s-metolachlor had 65 to 74% control. Quantitative soil analysis (0 to 6 cm) 10 d after planting (DAP) indicated metolachlor, s-metolachlor, and acetochlor CS concentrations ranged from 12 to 16% and 32 to 47% of applied herbicide for the fall and PRE application timings, respectively, whereas acetochlor (ME and EC) were from 1 to 3% and 16 to 21% of applied for the fall and PRE application timings, respectively. Bioassay reduction was correlated (R-2 = 0.68) with soil-herbicide concentrations at 10 DAP. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Nat Resource & Environm Sci Dept, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Simmons, FW (reprint author), 411 Depot St, Muzum, IL 60444 USA. EM fsimmons@uiuc.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1614/WT-03-020R1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 911CT UT WOS:000227979800002 ER PT J AU Yandoc, CB Charudattan, R Shilling, DG AF Yandoc, CB Charudattan, R Shilling, DG TI Evaluation of fungal pathogens as biological control agents for cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioherbicide; biological control; Bipolaris sacchari (EJ Butler) shoemaker; Drechslera gigantea (Heald & FA. Wolf) Ito. ID UNREFINED CORN-OIL; MYCOHERBICIDES AB Based on field surveys and evaluations in the greenhouse, two fungal pathogens, Bipolaris sacchari and Drechslera gigantea, were identified as promising biological control agents for cogongrass. In greenhouse trials, the application of spore suspensions of these fungi containing 101 spores/ ml in a 1% aqueous gelatin solution to cogongrass plants and their incubation in a dew chamber for 24 h resulted in disease symptoms that ranged from discrete lesions to complete blighting of leaves. Disease severity (DS), based on a rating scale for southern corn leaf blight with 50% as the maximum DS rating, ranged from 42 to 49%. In greenhouse experiments, the application of spores formulated in an oil emulsion composed of 4% horticultural oil, 10% light mineral oil, and 86% water resulted in higher levels of foliar blight with no dew exposure or shorter periods of dew exposure (4, 8, or 12 h) as compared with the application of spores formulated in 1% gelatin. Field trials demonstrated that under natural conditions, the application of a spore and an oil emulsion mixture containing 105 spores/ml of either fungus could cause foliar injury from disease and phytotoxic damage from the oil emulsion. Depending on the application rate (100 or 200 ml/plot), the level of foliar injury ranged from 40 to 86% (based on a field assessment scale of 0 to 100% foliar injury) with B. sacchari as the test fungus. However, with D. gigantea as the test fungus, foliar injury ranged from 9 to 70% depending on the application volume and the oil concentration used. Although B. sacchari and D. gigantea were capable of causing foliar blight on cogongrass, the regenerative ability of the rhizomes allowed cogongrass to recover from the damage caused by these fungi. However, the level of injury caused by these fungi is sufficient to support their use as components for integrated management of cogongrass. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Yandoc, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM cyandoc@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1614/WT-03-104R1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 911CT UT WOS:000227979800004 ER PT J AU Harrington, TB Miller, JH AF Harrington, TB Miller, JH TI Effects of application rate, timing, and formulation of glyphosate and triclopyr on control of Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwoods; crown cover; invasive weeds; response surface analysis ID PLANT MOISTURE STRESS; RED MAPLE; TRANSLOCATION; SEEDLINGS; EFFICACY; TREES AB Chinese privet is a normative shrub that has invaded mesic forests throughout the southeastern United States during the past century. Foliar sprays of glyphosate and triclopyr were tested in three factorial experiments that included wide ranges of application rate, timing, and formulation to refine methods for controlling Chinese privet. For spring (April) and fall (October and December) applications, percentage control of privet cover averaged 93 to 100% and 49 to 70% for glyphosate and triclopyr treatments, respectively, whereas for summer (June and August) applications, control averaged 67 to 69% and 14 to 26%, respectively (study 1). However, privet control was not influenced by variation in herbicide rates of 1.7, 3.4, 5.0, or 6.7 kg ae/ha compared with each of the five application timings. No differences were found in August comparisons of liquid vs. dry glyphosate products or water-soluble vs. oil-soluble triclopyr products for each of the four rates (study 2). In a comparison of low rates of glyphosate applied in August with or without trenching of plot perimeters to isolate privet clumps (study 3), control increased from 12 to 65% as rate increased from 0 to 0.8 kg ae/ha, suggesting that rate responses may occur at lower values than those tested in studies I and 2. Isolation of privet clumps by trenching did not have a statistically detectable effect on privet susceptibility to glyphosate. Low rates of glyphosate (1.7 kg ae/ha or possibly lower) will provide effective control of privet when applied in the spring or fall. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Auburn Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Harrington, TB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM tharrington@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 15 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1614/WT-03-220R2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 911CT UT WOS:000227979800008 ER PT J AU Laufenberg, SM Sheley, RL Jacobs, JS Borkowski, J AF Laufenberg, SM Sheley, RL Jacobs, JS Borkowski, J TI Herbicide effects on density and biomass of Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens) and associated plant species SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE native plants; restoration ID SPOTTED KNAPWEED; CENTAUREA-REPENS; INFESTED RANGELAND; MACULOSA AB Sustainable invasive weed management must address treatment effects on desired vegetation. Our objective was to determine the influence of clopyralid plus 2,4-D, glyphosate, and fosamine, at various application rates and timing, on the density and biomass of Russian knapweed and desired plant groups growing in association with this invasive weed. In a randomized complete block design with four replications, three herbicides by three herbicide rates by three herbicide application timings and a nontreated control were factorially applied to two sites located along the Missouri River riparian corridor in Montana. Clopyralid plus 2,4-D, glyphosate, and fosamine were applied during the spring rosette stage of Russian knapweed (June), the bud to bloom stage of Russian knapweed (July), or the flowering stage of Russian knapweed (August). Herbicide rates were considered low, medium, and high based on label rates of clopyralid plus 2,4-D, glyphosate, or fosamine. Density and biomass of all species were sampled 3 yr after treatment. Russian knapweed biomass decreased from 125 to about 25 g/m(2) using clopyralid plus 2,4-D, irrespective of rate or timing of application. Russian knapweed density was reduced by about half by this mixture of herbicides. Normative grass density and biomass were maintained, whereas native grasses increased using clopyralid plus 2,4-D at medium or high rates. Neither glyphosate nor fosamine provided substantial Russian knapweed control or increases in grasses. Too few forbs were present to analyze their response to the treatments. We believe that herbicides must be combined with revegetation in areas lacking a diverse mixture of desired species capable of capturing resources made available by controlling Russian knapweed. C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM roger.sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1614/WT-03-233R1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 911CT UT WOS:000227979800010 ER PT J AU Rankins, A Shaw, DR Douglas, J AF Rankins, A Shaw, DR Douglas, J TI Response of perennial grasses potentially used as filter strips to selected postemergence herbicides SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drift rates; filter strip integrity; runoff ID VEGETATIVE BUFFER STRIPS; SIMULATED DRIFT; RUNOFF; METOLACHLOR; RAINFALL; LOSSES AB Recent research at Mississippi State has shown that eastern gamagrass, switchgrass, and tall fescue grown as filter strips reduce herbicide losses in runoff from cotton. Field experiments were conducted in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate the response of these perennial grasses to postemergence drift and registered rates of glyphosate and paraquat in mid-April and clethodim, fluazifop-P, glyphosate, MSMA, pyrithiobac, quizalofop-P, and sethoxydim in early June. Results indicate that filter strip implementation will not simply involve establishment and maintenance. In most instances, reductions in harvested biomass were as high or higher than visual injury assessments in mid-June. This finding suggests an inability of these perennial grasses to recover from an accidental overspray or drift, within the year of the event. Management decisions must be made to protect the filter strips from contact with herbicides used in the production system to ensure filter strip integrity and survival. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Jamie Whitten Plant Mat Ctr, Coffeeville, MS 38922 USA. RP Rankins, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM arankins@pss.msstate.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1614/WT-03-244R PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 911CT UT WOS:000227979800011 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Mullinix, BG AF Johnson, WC Mullinix, BG TI Effect of herbicide application method on weed management and crop injury in transplanted cantaloupe production SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clomazone; halosulfuron; plasticulture; sulfentrazone ID WATERMELON; CULTIVARS AB Field trials were conducted at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA, from 2000 to 2003 to study the effects of herbicide placement on weed control and cantaloupe injury. Herbicides halosulfuron (0.036 kg ai/ha), sulfentrazone (0.14 and 0.28 kg ai/ha), clomazone (0.6 kg ai/ha), and a nontreated control were evaluated. Methods of herbicide application were preplant incorporated (PPI) under the polyethylene mulch before transplanting, posttransplanting over-the-top (POST-OTT), and posttransplanting-directed (POST-DIR) to the shoulders of polyethylene-covered seedbeds. Across all herbicide treatments, PPI and POST-DIR applications were the least injurious, with POST-OTT applications the most injurious. In general, sulfentrazone (0.28 kg ai/ha) was the most injurious herbicide and halosulfuron the least injurious, regardless of herbicide placement. Halosulfuron effectively controlled yellow nutsedge and provided versatility in methods of application, with minimal injury to transplanted cantaloupe. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM cjohnson@tifton.usda.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1614/WT-03-271R PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 911CT UT WOS:000227979800016 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Price, AJ Reddy, KN AF Koger, CH Price, AJ Reddy, KN TI Weed control and cotton response to combinations of glyphosate and trifloxysulfuron SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CGA-362622; crop injury; glyphosate-resistant cotton; herbicide interactions; pesticide interactions; tank mixtures ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; HERBICIDE COMBINATIONS; RESISTANT CORN; NARROW-ROW; ZEA-MAYS; MANAGEMENT; POSTEMERGENCE; CGA-362622; EFFICACY AB Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate potential interactions between glyphosate and trifloxysulfuron on barnyardgrass, browntop millet, hemp sesbania, seedling johnsongrass, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, sicklepod, and velvetleaf control as well as cotton injury and yield. In the greenhouse, glyphosate at 840 g ae/ha controlled all weed species 62 to 99%, which was better than trifloxysulfuron at 2.5 or 5 g ai/ha. Control of four-leaf pitted morningglory and hemp sesbania was 80 to 88% when glyphosate and trifloxysulfuron were mixed compared with 62 to 66% control with glyphosate alone. Mixing trifloxysulfuron with glyphosate did not affect control of other species compared with glyphosate alone. In the field, glyphosate controlled barnyardgrass, prickly sida, sicklepod, seedling johnsongrass, and velvetleaf 68 to 100%. Trifloxysulfuron controlled hemp sesbania, seedling johnsongrass, and sicklepod 65 to 88%. All other species were controlled 36 to 72% with glyphosate and 10 to 60% with trifloxysulfuron. Combinations of glyphosate (840 g/ha) and trifloxysulfuron (5 g/ha) were applied postemergence over-the-top and postemergence directed to three-, six-, and nine-leaf glyphosate-resistant cotton in the field. Cotton injury at 2 wk after treatment (WAT) was less than 13% for all herbicide treatments and less than 5% by 3 WAT. Herbicides did not affect the percent of open bolls or nodes per plant. Seed cotton yield ranged from 1,430 to 1,660 kg/ha, and only the sequential over-the-top applications of trifloxysulfuron reduced cotton yield compared with the weed-free, nontreated cotton. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Synam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ckoger@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1614/WT-03-273R PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 911CT UT WOS:000227979800017 ER PT J AU Chachalis, D Reddy, KN AF Chachalis, D Reddy, KN TI Factors affecting sprouting and glyphosate translocation in rootstocks of redvine(Brunnichia ovata) and trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absorption; regrowth; sprout regeneration; uptake ID REDVINE BRUNNICHIA-OVATA; GERMINATION; EMERGENCE; SORGHUM AB Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the sprouting potential of rootstock; the effect of temperature, burial depth, and length of rootstock on sprouting; and the effect of shoot removal on resprouting ability of rootstock in redvine and trumpetereeper. Glyphosate translocation along the rootstock of redvine was also measured. Higher sprouting was observed at 20 to 40 C in trumpetcreeper (60 to 73%) and at 30 to 40 C in redvine (45 to 47%) compared with other temperatures. Redvine sprouting was totally inhibited at 15 C, whereas trumpetcreeper had a sprouting of 12%. Emergence of shoot from a 28-cm planting depth was completely inhibited in redvine, whereas trumpetcreeper had 23% sprout emergence. After shoot removal treatments applied every 3 wk, redvine rootstock segments :! 2 cm long were totally depleted after fifth shoot removal treatment (15 wk after planting [WAP]). In trumpetcreeper, total depletion was not reached by 15 WAP, regardless of rootstock length. C-14-glyphosate was translocated from the treated shoot attached to the apical end of a 35-cm rootstock to the untreated end with slightly less C-14- glyphosate recovered at the untreated end compared with 5 to 10 cm from the treated shoot. These results indicated that vegetative reproduction in redvine is more sensitive to cool temperatures, deep burial depth, and short rootstock segment than trumpetcreeper. Variable control of redvine with glyphosate could be due to inadequate herbicide translocation within the rootstock. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chachalis, D (reprint author), NAGREF, Plant Protect Inst Volos, POB 303, Volos 38001, Greece. EM dchachalis.ippv@nagref.gr NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1614/WT-04-025R1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 911CT UT WOS:000227979800021 ER PT B AU Ellsbury, MM Clay, SA Clay, DE Malo, DD AF Ellsbury, MM Clay, SA Clay, DE Malo, DD BE Kuhlmann, U Edwards, CR TI Within-field spatial variation of northern corn rootworm distributions SO Western Corn Rootworm: Ecology and Management LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Western Corn Rootworm CY 2003 CL Gottingen, GERMANY ID CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PATTERNS; IOWA C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Ellsbury, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 0-85199-817-8 PY 2005 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1079/9780851998176.0145 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BCY44 UT WOS:000231853200007 ER PT J AU Andrews, LS Perkins, JP Thrailkill, JA Poage, NJ Tappeiner, JC AF Andrews, LS Perkins, JP Thrailkill, JA Poage, NJ Tappeiner, JC TI Silvicultural approaches to develop northern spotted owl nesting sites, central Coast Ranges, Oregon SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest thinning; old-growth; stand structure; wildlife habitat; young stands ID DOUGLAS-FIR PLANTATIONS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; OLD-GROWTH; WESTERN OREGON; STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; MANAGED FORESTS; HABITAT; PATTERNS; DENSITY; STAND AB The life-history requirements of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), a federally listed,."threatened" species, are associated with late-successional habitats. Nesting sites are an important habitat requirement for spotted owls. We used an individual-tree, distance-independent growth model to explore a range of management scenarios for young Douglas-fir stands (age class 50 years) and estimated which scenarios promoted the development of forest patches that emulate the species mix and diameter distributions at known spotted owl nest sites in the central Coast Ranges of Oregon. Our modeling indicates that without silvicultural intervention or natural disturbances, the young stands (170-247 trees/ac) investigated did not develop features associated with spotted owl nest sites within 160-year total stand age. Silvicultural simulations that modeled heavy thinnings at ages 50 and 80 years, followed by tree-planting and additional thinnings developed forest patches structurally similar to our sample of spotted owl nest sites. We infer that silvicultural activities in federally managed, late-successional reserves may need to include alternatives beyond the scope of those permitted under current land use guidelines to accelerate the development of stand structures that better meet the nesting site requirements of spotted owls. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Kingfisher Ecol Inc, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. McKenzie Ecol, Vida, OR 97488 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Andrews, LS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM andrewsl@onid.orst.edu NR 62 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 13 EP 27 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 896FO UT WOS:000226920200002 ER PT J AU Blatner, KA Fight, RD Vance, N Savage, M Chapman, R AF Blatner, KA Fight, RD Vance, N Savage, M Chapman, R TI A model to estimate noble fir bough weight SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE noble fir; boughs; weight ID TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS AB The harvesting of noble fir (Abies procera) for the production of Christmas wreaths and related products has been a mainstay of the nontimber forest products industry in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) for decades. Although noble fir is the single most important bough product harvested in the PNW, little or no work has been published concerning the estimation of the weight of harvestable boughs from standing trees. The model presented in this article was designed specifically for use in predicting the weight of harvestable boughs from standing trees. A total of 322 noble fir were selected on the west side of the Cascades of Washington and Oregon. The stands and sites for sampling were chosen to represent a wide range of environmental and stand conditions. Sample trees were selected at fixed distances along systematical located lines at each selected site. Circular plots with a 20-ft radius centered at each sample tree were established to provide data on competition. Regression analysis was used to estimate the final model. Variables included in the final model were total tree height, merchantable bough height, dbh(2), age at dbh, whorl age for each merchantable whorl, and the associated number of boughs for each whorl as well as the total number of trees within a 20-foot radius of the plot tree. In addition, an intercept shifter (0, 1) to designate noble fir stands located north and South of the Marion/Clackamas County line in Oregon (South = 0, North = 1) was included in the model. The overall model was significant at the 0.0001 level with an adjusted R-2 of 0.77. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. PNW Res Stn, Vancouver, WA 98682 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Blatner, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, POB 646410, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM blatner@wsu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 896FO UT WOS:000226920200005 ER PT J AU Gebert, KM Calkin, DE Schuster, EG AF Gebert, KM Calkin, DE Schuster, EG TI The Secure Rural Schools Act, federal land payments, and property tax equivalency SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE revenue sharing; federal land payments; 25% Fund AB Federal land payments are a very important source of revenue for many county governments in the west. The concern of many is the extent to which these payments are equivalent to property tax revenues those lands would likely have generated if taxed as similar lands. Sustained decreases in federal revenue-sharing payments, along with passage of the Secure Rural Schools Act of 2000, have rekindled interest in this area. Building on a 1997 analysis of property tax equivalency, we simulated the effect of this new legislation on property tax equivalency for sampled counties aggregated to three western and one eastern region. Analyses confirm substantial increases in federal land payments and a corresponding improvement in overall tax equivalency throughout the country. However, much of the improvement is due to increased federal payments to counties that were already tax equivalent. Regardless of region, tax equivalent counties are more frequently characterized by lower taxes than higher federal land payments. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Gebert, KM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM kgebert@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 896FO UT WOS:000226920200006 ER PT J AU Meyer, SE Quinney, D Weaver, J AF Meyer, SE Quinney, D Weaver, J TI A life history study of the Snake River plains endemic Lepidium papilliferum (Brassicaceae) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Lepidium papilliferum; endangered species; demography; life history strategy; rare plant; seed bank dynamics; slickspot peppergrass; desert; Idaho ID BIENNIALS; POPULATIONS; ANNUALS AB Lepidium papilliferum is an ephemeral species that occupies "slick spot" microhabitats in the matrix of sagebrush steppe vegetation of the southwestern Snake River plains, Idaho, USA. We related population demographic data collected from 1993 to 1996 to on-site precipitation data on the Orchard Training Area west of Boise. We also carried out field seed-retrieval and in situ seed bank studies. We found that L. papilliferum has a dual life history strategy. A fraction of each cohort sets seed as summer annuals, while the remaining plants remain vegetative and potentially biennial. Surviving biennials flower and set seed along with the annual cohort of the following year. The switch to flowering as an annual appears to be based on threshold rosette size. Probability of survival to flowering was much lower for biennials than for annuals of the same cohort, but surviving biennials sometimes had enhanced seed production. The summer-dry environment of the Snake River plains combined with the slick spot habitat has apparently selected for a primarily summer annual life cycle for this species. Seeds were highly dormant at dispersal and were not responsive to dormancy-breaking cues. Those from a given cohort of L. papilliferum remained viable in the soil for at least 11 years. This persistent seed bank provides a buffer against extinction in sequences of years when seed production is low or absent. Estimated seed bank size varied from near zero for a heavily disturbed site that formerly supported the species to 18 viable seeds dm(-2) for an extant population in high-quality habitat. Management for population preservation for L. papilliferum should focus on protecting the seed bank from destruction caused by livestock trampling and other anthropogenic disturbances. C1 US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, Provo, UT 84606 USA. USA, Idaho Natl Guard, Boise, ID 83707 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, 735 N 500 E, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 1 BP 11 EP 23 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897EG UT WOS:000226986200002 ER PT J AU Meyers, PM Conover, MR Bissonette, JA AF Meyers, PM Conover, MR Bissonette, JA TI Effect of perch sites on mourning dove nest distribution SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE artificial perches; Mourning Dove; nest density; nest distribution; nesting; perch sites; Zenaida macroura marginella ID BIRDS; SELECTION AB We examined the effect of natural and artificial perch sites on Western Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura marginella) nest density in shrubby habitat. Nest density in shrubs was strongly correlated with the density of natural perch sites. This relationship occurred in 2 vegetation types with differing shrub composition. The correlation was stronger in areas with a homogenous shrub layer. Nest density was also higher in plots with artificial perch sites than in adjacent control plots. Nest density increased between years in plots where artificial perch sites were constructed but remained the same in adjacent control plots. Knowledge of perch-site effects has practical management applications in areas where doves nest in shrubby habitat. The possibility exists that perch sites could be managed for nest density in these habitats. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Meyers, PM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Cordova Ranger Dist,Box 280, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897EG UT WOS:000226986200007 ER PT J AU Ross, DW Daterman, GE Munson, AS AF Ross, DW Daterman, GE Munson, AS TI Spruce beetle (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) response to traps baited with selected semiochemicals in Utah SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus rufipennis; spruce beetle; pheromones; trapping; frontalin; seudenol; MCOL; ethanol; alpha-pinene; Scolytidae ID DENDROCTONUS-RUFIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; THANASIMUS-UNDATULUS COLEOPTERA; SEUDENOL; BIOACTIVITY; ATTRACTION; CLERIDAE; OUTBREAK; ETHANOL; ALASKA C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. RP Ross, DW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 1 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897EG UT WOS:000226986200015 ER PT J AU Whisson, DA Engeman, RM Collins, K AF Whisson, DA Engeman, RM Collins, K TI Developing relative abundance techniques (RATs) for monitoring rodent populations SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Wildlife Management Congress CY DEC, 2003 CL CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND ID MICROTUS-TOWNSENDII; PITFALL; INDEX AB Accurate density estimates of rodents are frequently difficult or cost-prohibitive to determine. Thus, a number of techniques ( track plates, monitoring blocks, chew cards/sticks, apple slice index, trapping) are often used to index rodent populations. Theoretically, the sensitivity of these indexing techniques could be improved if they applied continuous measurements rather than simple binary measurements (presence/absence). Development of a relative abundance technique that is simple to apply and sensitive to changes in population density is critical for the operational management of rodent pests. In addition to providing a quantitative measure of abundance with statistical parameters, an indexing technique that does not require handling of animals is important in consideration of potential disease issues ( for example, hantavirus, arenavirus, etc.). We investigated track plates, chew cards and monitoring blocks and associated continuous measurement methods for calculating indices of rodent abundance. In laboratory and field settings, we tested their effectiveness in detecting different population densities of California meadow voles ( Microtus californicus). Chew cards were poorly accepted by meadow voles in pen and field tests. However, track plates and monitoring blocks may provide useful tools for indexing meadow vole populations, and have application for other rodent species. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Whisson, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Whisson, Desley/H-9578-2013 OI Whisson, Desley/0000-0002-4221-0706 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 32 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1071/WR03128 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 937YH UT WOS:000229962100006 ER PT J AU Witmer, GW AF Witmer, GW TI Wildlife population monitoring: some practical considerations SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Wildlife Management Congress CY DEC, 2003 CL CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND ID ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; COUNTS; INDEX AB The accurate estimation of wildlife population density is difficult and requires considerable investment of resources and time. Population indices are easier to obtain but are influenced by many unknowns and the relationships to actual population densities are usually unclear. Wildlife biologists, whether in the public or private sector, often find themselves in difficult situations where a resource manager or landowner wants good information, quickly, at low cost, and without clear objectives. In many situations, in addition to establishing clear objectives, a budget and timeframe, a biologist must understand and deal with the reality of many logistical concerns that will make the achievement of the objectives difficult or impossible. The situation is often complicated because the biology and ecology of the species of interest may be poorly understood in the specific setting and the species may be very rare or strongly influenced by current or past human activities. Methods to monitor a wildlife population may need to be tested or validated, extending the time and resources needed to complete the assigned task. In this paper, I discuss many of the challenges faced and the decisions to be made when a biologist is requested to provide useful, timely information on the status of a wildlife population. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Witmer, GW (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gary.W.Witmer@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 32 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1071/WR04003 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 937YH UT WOS:000229962100009 ER PT J AU Vice, DS Engeman, RM Vice, DL AF Vice, DS Engeman, RM Vice, DL TI A comparison of three trap designs for capturing brown treesnakes on Guam SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The accidental introduction of the brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) to Guam has resulted in the extirpation of most native terrestrial vertebrates on the island, thousands of power outages, and significant ecological changes. In addition, Guam now serves as a source population for the dispersal of snakes to other islands. Control of the brown treesnake is dependent upon the use of traps in a variety of settings, including port environments and in forested habitat. A variety of snake traps have been used on Guam; most consist of a modified crawfish or minnow trap, housing a live mouse that serves as a lure. We compared the efficacy of three trap styles: ( 1) a two-piece design with a separate internal mouse chamber; ( 2) a one-piece trap, with design improvements aimed at decreasing handling; and ( 3) the same one-piece trap, fitted with a PVC- coated wire-mesh entrance flap. Data collected included snake capture rates, snake size distribution, mouse survival, and trap maintenance time. Snake capture rates did not differ between the one-piece and the two-piece traps, although capture rates were significantly lower in the PVC- flap traps. The average snake size or distribution of snake sizes did not differ between the one-piece and two-piece traps. Handling times, both with and without a snake in the trap, were significantly lower for the one-piece trap. Mouse survival did not differ between the one-piece and two-piece trap styles. Our results indicate that the modified one-piece trap design provides several advantages over previous trap designs. C1 Wildlife Serv, USDA, Barrigada Hts, GU 96913 USA. Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Vice, DS (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, 1060 Route 16,Suite 103C, Barrigada Hts, GU 96913 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 EI 1448-5494 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2005 VL 32 IS 4 BP 355 EP 359 DI 10.1071/WR04046 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 942FY UT WOS:000230269500011 ER PT S AU Wedge, DE AF Wedge, DE BE Baser, KHC Franz, G Canigueral, S Demirci, F TI Agrochemical discovery: Finding new fungicides from natural products SO WOCMAP III: Perspectives in Natural Product Chemistry SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (WOCMAP-III) CY FEB 03-07, 2003 CL CHIANG MAI, THAILAND DE bioautography; Botrytis; Colletotrichum; microbioassay; microtiter assay ID CYANOBACTERIA; BIOAUTOGRAPHY AB The continuing development of fungicide resistance in plant and human pathogens necessitates the discovery and development of new fungicides. Discovery and evaluation of natural product fungicides is largely, dependent upon the availability of miniaturized antifungal bioassays. Essentials for natural product bioassays include, sensitivity to microgram quantities, selectivity to determine optimum target pathogens, and adaptability to complex mixtures. Experimental accuracy and precision must be stable between assays over time. These assays should be relevant to potential pathogen target sites in the natural infection process of the host and applicable to the agrochemical industry. Bioassays should take advantage of current high-throughput technology available to evaluate dose-response relationships, commercial fungicides standards, modes of action, and structure activity studies. As part of a program to discover natural product-based fungicides, two sensitive detection systems were developed for evaluation of antifungal agents as agrochemical plant protectants. Bioautography assays using Colletotrichum acutatum, C fragariae, and C gloeosporioides were used to identify antifungal components from plant extracts, eliminate commonly occurring nuisance compounds, and characterize antifungal activity of pure compounds. A microbioassay using conidia from Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium oxysporum, Phomposis obscurans, and A viticola in a 96-well microtiter format was also developed to evaluate growth effects of active fractions or pure compounds identified by bioautography. These microbioassays allow for the evaluation of microgram quantities, determine dose-response relationships; compare antifungal activity with fungicide standards of known mode of action. This coupled approach to natural product discovery combines the simple and visual nature of direct bioautography with the rapid, sensitive, and high throughput capabilities of a microtiter system. Ultimately, development of safer plant protectants with selective antifungal activity and low environmental and mammalian toxicity is sought. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Wedge, DE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-518-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 677 BP 109 EP 113 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BCM90 UT WOS:000230069300014 ER PT S AU Rimando, AM Barney, DL AF Rimando, AM Barney, DL BE Palaniswamy, UR Gardner, ZE Craker, LE TI Resveratrol and naturally occurring analogues in Vaccinium species SO WOCMAP III: Traditional Medicine and Nutraceuticals SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (WOCMAP-III) CY FEB 03-07, 2003 CL CHIANG MAI, THAILAND DE antioxidant activity; piceatannol; pterostilbene ID VINIFERA CELL-CULTURES; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; VITIS-VINIFERA; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ASTRINGIN; ALCOHOL AB In a continuing study, seventeen samples of berries representing varieties and cultivars of nine Vaccinium species collected from Idaho, Washington, and Wyoming were analyzed for their content of resveratrol, pterostilbene and piceatannol. These naturally occurring stilbenes have been reported to have potential cancer chemopreventive and strong antioxidant activities. Analysis by GC/MS showed contents of 0.26-4.67 and 0.12-2.74 mu g/g lyophilized berry for resveratrol and pterostilbene, respectively. Piceatannol was found in only three of the species studied at levels of 0.25-0.61 mu g/g lyophilized berries. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the extracts using beta-D-glucosidase increased resveratrol levels up to 63-fold, suggesting and demonstrating for the first time, that resveratrol also occurs as a glycoside in Vaccinium berries. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Rimando, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-578-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2005 IS 680 BP 137 EP 143 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BCN08 UT WOS:000230111400020 ER PT J AU Kelley, SS Elder, T Groom, LH AF Kelley, SS Elder, T Groom, LH TI Changes in the chemical composition and spectroscopy of loblolly pine medium density fiberboard furnish as a function of age and refining pressure SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE medium density fiberboard; (MDF); near infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; partial least squares ID EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; WOOD PROPERTIES; FINE-STRUCTURE; PULP; FIBERS; CRYSTALLINITY; CELLULOSE; NITENS AB Loblolly pine wood between the ages of 5-35 was refined into medium density fiberboard furnish at steam pressures from 2 to 18 bar. The effect of age and processing conditions on the properties of the fibers was assessed by wet chemical analyses, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). In general, the percentages of extractives and glucose increased, while the xylose. galactose. and mannose decreased with increasing refining pressure. There were no consistent changes in chemical composition of the refined fibers as a function of the age of the wood. The crystallinity of the refined fibers increased with both age and refining pressure. The spectroscopic and XRD data were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods, indicating a strong relationship between the spectral patterns and refining pressure. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioengn Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Kelley, SS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioengn Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 887XV UT WOS:000226339700003 ER PT J AU Corson, MS Teel, PD Grant, WE AF Corson, MS Teel, PD Grant, WE TI Microclimate influence in a physiological model of cattle-fever tick (Boophilus spp.) population dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE simulation model; Boophilus annulatus; Boophilus microplus; microclimate; physiological age; host movement; Texas ID ROTATIONAL GRAZING SYSTEMS; PARASITE-LANDSCAPE INTERACTIONS; MICROPLUS ACARI; ANNULATUS ACARI; OVIPOSITIONAL BIOLOGY; SEMIARID THORNSHRUBLANDS; SOUTH-TEXAS; IXODIDAE; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION AB Since their official eradication from the US in 1943, the cattle-tick species Boophilus microplus and Boophilus annulatus, vectors of bovine babesiosis, frequently have penetrated a quarantine zone established along the Texas-Mexico border designed to exclude them. Inspection and quarantine procedures have eradicated reinfestations successfully within the US, but increasing acaricide resistance in Mexican B. microplus populations poses a threat to future eradication efforts. Better understanding of interrelationships among Boophilus populations, their hosts, and vegetation communities in south Texas could improve prediction of the behavior of reintroduced Boophilus populations and increase management options. To this end, we constructed a simulation model to evaluate how microclimate, habitat (i.e. vegetation) heterogeneity, and within-pasture cattle movement may influence dynamics of Boophilus ticks in south Texas. Unlike previous Boophilus tick models, this model simulates dynamics at an hourly time-step, calculates all off-host dynamics as functions of temperature and relative humidity, and runs with ground-level microclimate data collected bi-hourly in three different habitat types. Sensitivity analysis of the model showed that temperatures and relative humidities created by habitat type, as well as engorged female mass, influenced tick population dynamics most strongly. Host habitat selection, initial number of larvae per cow, and the number of cells into which the simulated pasture was divided also had a strong influence. Population dynamics appeared moderately sensitive to the proportion of Bos indicus in cattle genotypes and the larval attachment rate, while appearing relatively insensitive to factors such as mortality rate of engorged females. When used to simulate laboratory experiments from the literature, the model predicted most observed life-history characteristics fairly well; however, it tended to underestimate oviposition duration, incubation duration, and egg mortality and overestimate larval longevity, especially at low temperatures and high humidities. Use of the model to predict Boophilus population dynamics in hypothetical south Texas pastures showed that it reasonably generated qualitative patterns of stage-wise abundances but tended to overestimate on-host tick burdens. Collection and incorporation of data that appear not to exist for Boophilus ticks, such as larval lipid content and lipid-use rates, may improve model accuracy. Though this model needs refinements such as a smaller spatial resolution, it provides insight into responses of B. microplus or B. annulatus populations to specific weather patterns, habitat heterogeneity, and host movement. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Corson, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM michael.corson@ars.usda.gov RI Corson, Michael/A-7671-2008 OI Corson, Michael/0000-0003-4785-8971 NR 65 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 180 IS 4 BP 487 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.04.034 PG 28 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 871TG UT WOS:000225155900004 ER PT J AU Aradhya, MK Weeks, C Simon, CJ AF Aradhya, MK Weeks, C Simon, CJ TI Molecular characterization of variability and relationships among seven cultivated and selected wild species of Prunus L. using amplified fragment length polymorphism SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE AFLP; AMOVA; breeding barrier; gene pool; genetic differentiation; ploidy; Prunus ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CHLOROPLAST DNA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PEACH; ROSACEAE; BATSCH; REPEATS; ORIGIN; AFLP AB Analysis of genetic variability and differentiation within and among seven cultivated species and seven wild species of Prunus using amplified fragment length polymorphism revealed four well-supported groups corresponding to the four sections Amygdalus, Armeniaca, Cerasus and Prunophora described within the genus. The section Armeniaca showed significant differentiation from its sister section Prunophora within the subgenus Prunus. Within-species estimates of molecular variation indicated that apricots (0.0529) were the most variable among the species assayed followed by hexaploid plums (0.0359), almonds (0.0330), cherries (0.0310), and diploid plums (0.0303) with moderate levels of variability and peaches (0.0263) were the least variable. The overall distribution pattern of molecular variation within the genus indicated that about 32% of the total variance was accounted for by the within-species variance component, irrespective of partitioning based on either sections or subgenera. The remaining 68% of the variation found among species was hierarchically structured between components due to differentiation among species within and among sections (17.02 and 50.81%, respectively) or among species within and among subgenera (29.53 and 39.05%, respectively). Although cluster and principal components analyses indicate that the gene pools corresponding to the four sections to be homogenous, partitioning of molecular variation suggests considerable differentiation among the taxa within sections. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Aradhya, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM aradhya@ucdavis.edu NR 38 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 103 IS 1 BP 131 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2004.05.004 PG 14 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 877YU UT WOS:000225612900012 ER PT J AU Grant, L Seyfried, M McNamara, J AF Grant, L Seyfried, M McNamara, J TI Spatial variation and temporal stability of soil water in a snow-dominated, mountain catchment SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 09-11, 2004 CL Portland, ME DE soil water; spatial organization; temporal stability; snowmelt; runoff ID UNITED-STATES; CORRELATION SCALE; VARIABLE FIELDS; PATTERNS; MOISTURE; DATABASE; IDAHO; VARIABILITY; DEPOSITION; STORAGE AB Soil is a critical intermediary of water flux between precipitation and stream flow. Characterization of soil water content (theta, m(3) m(-3)) may be especially difficult in mountainous, snow-dominated catchments due to highly variable water inputs, topography, soils and vegetation. However, individual sites exhibit similar seasonal dynamics, suggesting that it may be possible to describe spatial variability in terms of temporally stable relationships. Working in a 0.36 km(2) headwater catchment, we: (i) described and the spatial variability of theta over a 2 year period, (ii) characterized that variability in terms of temporal stability analysis, and (iii) related changes in temporally stable soil water patterns to stream flow generation. Soil water data were collected for 2 years at representative sites and quantified in terms of theta and water storage to a depth of 75 cm (S(75), cm). Both S(75) and theta were normally distributed in space on all measurement dates. Spatial variability was high relative to other studies, reflecting catchment heterogeneity. However, the ranking Of S(75) values displayed temporal stability for all site locations, seasonally and annually. This stability was attributed to soil texture. Further temporal analysis indicated that estimates of catchment mean and standard deviation of S(75) may be characterized with relatively few measurements. Finally, we used temporal linear regression to define catchment soil water conditions related to stream-flow generation. Static, high S(75) conditions in late winter and early spring indicate that stream-flow response is highly sensitive to inputs, whereas static, low S(75) conditions in late summer and early fall indicate minimum stream-flow sensitivity to water inputs. The fall transition was marked by uniform Sd across the catchment. The late spring transition was marked by nonuniform S(75) decreases, with the highest S(75) sites decreasing most. Threshold S(75) values identifying catchment sensitivity to water input were identified. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Grant, L (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM lauragrant@mail.boisestate.edu RI McNamara, James/F-1993-2011 NR 33 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 18 SI SI BP 3493 EP 3511 DI 10.1002/hyp.5789 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 883TW UT WOS:000226039600004 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Marks, D AF Johnson, JB Marks, D TI The detection and correction of snow water equivalent pressure sensor errors SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 09-11, 2004 CL Portland, ME DE snow water equivalent measurement; snow pressure sensor error correction; snow hydrology ID ENERGY-BALANCE; COVER AB Snow water equivalent (SWE) sensors can experience errors when the base of the snow cover is at the melting temperature, the snow can support shear stresses (assumed to occur at densities greater than 200 kg m(-3)), and the rate of snowmelt on the sensor is different than on the surrounding ground. Either undermeasurement or overmeasurement errors may occur at critical times when the snow cover transitions from winter to spring conditions and at the start of periods of rapid snowmelt. Parameters to determine the onset of SWE sensor undermeasurement errors are defined by a negative rate of change for SWE, a negative rate of change for snow density, and an increasing snow depth. For the onset of overmeasurement errors, the rate of change for SWE will be positive while snow depth decreases and the snow density rate of change exceeds a defined positive threshold. When the snow temperature and density error conditions and the three under- or over-measurement error-indicator parameters are satisfied at the same time, an SWE sensor error has started. Real-time correction of the errors is done by multiplying the average snow cover density, set at the start of the error, with the snow depth. Once the error event ends, when the corrected SWE and SWE sensor data intersect, SWE is again determined from SWE sensor measurements. SWE sensor errors were accurately detected and corrected for five different sensors located in maritime and intermountain climatic zones when high-quality SWE sensor, snow or air temperature, and snow depth measurements were available. Implementation of the error detection and correction method requires simultaneous measurements of SWE, snow depth, and snow temperature near the ground. Improved error correction can be achieved by incorporating precipitation data and estimates of snow density due to retained rain or snow melt. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), USA, Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. EM Jerome.b.johnson@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 18 SI SI BP 3513 EP 3525 DI 10.1002/hyp.5795 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 883TW UT WOS:000226039600005 ER PT J AU Link, TE Marks, D Hardy, JP AF Link, TE Marks, D Hardy, JP TI A deterministic method to characterize canopy radiative transfer properties SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 09-11, 2004 CL Portland, ME DE snow hydrology; solar radiation; thermal radiation; forest canopy; radiative transfer; aspen; jack pine; Douglas fir ID BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SOLAR-RADIATION; ENERGY-EXCHANGE; SNOW COVER; BALANCE; STAND; TRANSMISSION; SIMULATION; SNOWCOVER AB Investigations of snowcover dynamics beneath vegetation canopies require either measured or estimated solar and thermal radiation values at the snow surface. A deterministic method is presented that uses portable arrays of pyranometers and pyrgeometers to quantify the amount of incoming radiation at the snow surface. Example solar and thermal radiation datasets are presented from boreal deciduous, boreal coniferous and temperate coniferous forest stands. The data indicate that the canopies transmitted 33% (4-8 March), 15% (6-10 February), and 3% (22-24 September) of the above-canopy radiation. In the boreal deciduous and temperate conifer stands, thermal radiation is increased by 25% and 34% respectively. Thermal gains partially offset solar reduction, such that incoming all-wave radiation is decreased by 22% and 25% respectively for each of these stands. When recorded at a high temporal resolution, array data can estimate below-canopy diffuse solar radiation values for estimation techniques that treat direct and diffuse transmission independently. We provide examples of how radiometer array data are used to derive simple canopy radiation transmissivity parameters for global, beam and diffuse radiation. Radiometer arrays also provide data for detailed investigations to assess within-stand radiation variability, or to investigate radiation variations across land cover discontinuities, to advance our understanding of snowcover energetics in complex environments. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Engn Res Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Link, TE (reprint author), Coll Nat Resources, Dept Forest Resources, POB 441133, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM tlink@uidaho.edu RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012 NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 18 SI SI BP 3583 EP 3594 DI 10.1002/hyp.5793 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 883TW UT WOS:000226039600009 ER PT J AU Nakasone, KK AF Nakasone, KK TI Morphological studies in Veluticeps, Pileodon, and related taxa SO SYDOWIA LA English DT Article DE Basidiomycetes; Boreostereaceae; Campylomyces; Columnocystis; Fomes angularis; Polyporales; Stereum medicum; taxonomy; type studies ID APHYLLOPHORALES AB In this study, type specimens of Fomes angularis, Pileodon megasporus, Veluticeps philippinensis, V pini, V setosa, and V tabacina are described and illustrated. Fomes angularis and V pini are conspecific with V berkeleyi. Basidia and basidiospores of V philippinensis are described for the first time, and the new combination Pileodon philippinensis is proposed. Veluticeps australiensis Nakasone nom. nov. is proposed for V setosa G. Cunn., an illegitimate name. The new genus Campylomyces is proposed to accommodate V tabacina and V heimii. The type specimen of Hymenochaete setosa is an amalgam of two or three species; thus, this name should be dropped. Observations on Hymenochaete japonica and Stereum medicum are noted. The genera Veluticeps, Pileodon, and Campylomyces are discussed and compared, and a key to the known species of Veluticeps and related taxa is provided. C1 USDA, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Nakasone, KK (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM knakasone@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG FERDINAND BERGER SOHNE GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, 3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0082-0598 J9 SYDOWIA JI Sydowia PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 2 BP 258 EP 280 PG 25 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 897FE UT WOS:000226988600007 ER PT J AU Craig, AM Karchesy, JJ Blythe, LL Gonzalez-Hernandez, MD Swan, LR AF Craig, AM Karchesy, JJ Blythe, LL Gonzalez-Hernandez, MD Swan, LR TI Toxicity studies on western juniper oil (Juniperus occidentalis) and Port-Orford-cedar oil (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) extracts utilizing local lymph node and acute dermal irritation assays SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis); Port-Orford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana); acute toxicity; shavings; essential oil extracts; horses; dogs; laboratory animals ID OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; RED CEDAR AB The essential oil extracts of westernjumper oil (Juniperus occidentalis) and Port-Orford-cedar oil (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) were evaluated for possible dermal toxic effects on mice and rabbits. Mice were tested for their response to both extracts utilizing a local lymph node assay. Western juniper oil extract at 0.5% and 5% concentrations did not show a stimulation index (SI) greater than normal (3.0); however, a 50% concentration did show a positive response at 3.3. Port-Orford-cedar oil extract did not show a positive response at concentrations of 0.5%, 5% or 50%. An acute dermal irritation study using rabbits had a primary irritation index (PII) of 3.3 with 100% Port-Orford-cedar oil extract. This was reduced to a PII of 0.625 when diluted 1:1 with olive oil. Undiluted western juniper oil extract had a PII score of 2.7. While a 5.0% solution had a PII score of 0.3, a 0.5% solution of western juniper oil was a non-irritant. It would appear that animals bedded on wood shavings have contact with essential oils at concentrations far less than the 2% maximum by weight obtained by steam distillation extraction. These concentrations did not elicit a hypersensitivity response. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Crop Prod, Lugo, Spain. US Forest Serv, USDA, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. RP Craig, AM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, 450 SW 30th St,208 Dryden Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM a.morrie.craig@oregonstate.edu RI Craig, A. Morrie/J-5857-2013; OI Gonzalez-Hernandez, M.P./0000-0002-0519-1702 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 154 IS 3 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.08.004 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 870QJ UT WOS:000225072600006 PM 15501613 ER PT J AU Stuedemann, JA Kaplan, RM Ciordia, H Franzluebbers, AJ Stewart, TB Seman, DH AF Stuedemann, JA Kaplan, RM Ciordia, H Franzluebbers, AJ Stewart, TB Seman, DH TI Bermudagrass management in the Southern Piedmont USA - V: Gastrointestinal parasite control in cattle SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle-nematoda; control methods-nematoda; parasite free; sod-based crop rotations; pasture; bermudagrass ID YEARLING STOCKER CATTLE; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; HELMINTH CONTROL; NEMATODES; DORAMECTIN; PASTURES; COASTAL AB Parasite-free pastures would improve cattle health and performance, resulting in possible economic return to producers. Our objective was to determine the effect of a single series of anthelmintic treatment of steers prior to stocking on Coastal bermudagrass pastures, during five consecutive summers, on the parasite burden in cattle. The site for this experiment had been conventionally cropped for several decades, with no exposure to cattle, and would be expected to be relatively free of nematode larvae. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (landscape features) with a split plot arrangement of treatments where main plots were pasture fertilization treatments (mineral, clover plus mineral, and broiler litter) and split plots were low and high forage mass. Anthelmintic treatment included pour-on ivermectin on day -21, albendazole on day -7, and injectable ivermectin 48 h prior to stocking of pastures, with the cattle remaining in drylot during the 48-h period prior to being placed on the experimental paddocks. All steers received only one series of treatments during any given year. Yearling Angus steers (Bos taurus) were managed in a put-and-take grazing system with three "tester" steers assigned to each paddock and "grazer" steers added or removed at 28-day intervals. From 1994 to 1998, steers grazed the paddocks for a 140-day period from mid May until early October each year. Fecal samples for worm egg counts were obtained on day 0 and at 28-day intervals, thereafter. On all sampling days after day 0, samples were obtained only from tester animals. Over the 5-year period, the mean eggs per gram of feces (epg) gradually increased from 0 (following treatment) to a mean of 2.2 (range from 0.7 to 3.0) by the end of the grazing season (the last sampling date) in October. Although the epg were not zero, they were below threshold levels that would allow development of a parasite burden in cattle. In traditional management systems, cattle graze parasite-contaminated pastures; therefore, parasites negatively impact growth and productivity throughout the entire grazing period. Periodic anthelmintic treatments simply give a temporary reprieve from those parasitic infections. Conceptually, using the current grazing system, it should be possible to maintain these pastures in a parasite-free status indefinitely; however, from a drug resistance perspective, it would be most applicable in sod-based rotation systems where cattle graze from two to five years before land is returned to row-crops. By removing the effect of parasites, cattle can grow without the physiological constraints that gastrointestinal parasites place on appetite, digestion, nutrient utilization, and general well being. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Stuedemann, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd,J Phil Campbell, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM jstuedem@uga.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 30 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.007 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 880YB UT WOS:000225825200003 PM 15567042 ER PT J AU Wang, X Chen, F Wan, PJ Huang, G AF Wang, X Chen, F Wan, PJ Huang, G TI Development of monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for gossypol analysis in cottonseed meals SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gossypol; cottonseed; monoclonal antibody; immunoassay; ELISA ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; TOXICITY; PRODUCTS; AGENT AB A monoclonal antibody-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed for the analysis of gossypol in cottonseed meals. First, the checkerboard method was used to determine the optimum amount of coating antigen gossypol-BSA (bovine serum albumin) and primary anti-gossypol monoclonal antibody (Mab) needed in the ic-ELISA. Second, the effects of several physical (incubation time and temperature) and chemical (solvent types and concentrations) conditions on the performance of Mab on ic-ELISA were investigated to get a rapid robust assay with high sensitivity, Under the established optimized condition, the concentration of gossypol giving 50% reduction of the maximum ELISA signal (I-50) in the competitive standard curve was 0.20 mug/mL, whereas the detection limit for gossypol was 0.024 mug/mL. This ic-ELISA method for the analysis of gossypol extracted by methanol from a variety of cottonseed meals was further compared with the official method of the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS). The amounts of gossypol determined by the ic-ELISA had a good correlation with those obtained by the AOCS method (R-2 = 0.90). C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Genet Biochem& Life Sci Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Greenville Hosp Syst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Genet Biochem& Life Sci Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM xiw@clemson.edu NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 26 BP 7793 EP 7797 DI 10.1021/jf049071y PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 883BS UT WOS:000225985700010 PM 15612757 ER PT J AU Schneider, MJ AF Schneider, MJ TI Rapid fluorescence screening assay for enrofloxacin and tetracyclines in chicken muscle SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; screening; enrofloxacin; fluoroquinolone; tetracyclines; chicken muscle ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANTIBIOTICS; RESIDUES; IDENTIFICATION; CIPROFLOXACIN; METABOLITE; ANIMALS; TISSUES; SAMPLES; MEAT AB A simple, rapid fluorescence assay was developed for screening both enrofloxacin (ENRO) and tetracyclines in chicken muscle at the U.S. tolerance levels (300 ng/g and 2 mug/g, respectively). Screening for both classes of antibiotics is accomplished using one extraction, thus simplifying and expediting the process. The method requires an initial extraction of chicken muscle with 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile, centrifugation, and analysis of the supernatant for ENRO fluorescence. After addition of ammonium hydroxide, magnesium chloride, and methanol, followed by centrifugation and filtration, the supernatant can be measured for tetracycline fluorescence. Chlortetracycline (CTC) was chosen as a representative tetracycline to demonstrate the method, as it displays intermediate sensitivity among the three tetracyclines approved in the U.S. Comparison of the fluorescence of control and tolerance-level-fortified samples of both ENRO and CTC shows no overlap. Setting a threshold as the average fortified fluorescence minus 3sigma, allows for successful screening, as illustrated with blind samples as controls or fortified with ENRO and/or CTC over a range of concentrations. This method can provide an alternative or supplemental approach to currently used microbial screening assays. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Schneider, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mschneider@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 26 BP 7809 EP 7813 DI 10.1021/jf048464u PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 883BS UT WOS:000225985700013 PM 15612760 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Campbell, BC Mahoney, NE Chan, KL Molyneux, RJ AF Kim, JH Campbell, BC Mahoney, NE Chan, KL Molyneux, RJ TI Identification of phenolics for control of Aspergillus flavus using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a model target-gene bioassay SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; oxidative stress response; fungicide; aflatoxin; phenolic; antifungal; strobilurin; superoxide dismutase ID VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; MITOCHONDRIAL; INHIBITION; SCREEN; YEAST; EXPRESSION; MUTANTS; WALNUT; FAMILY AB The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used in a high-throughput bioassay to identify phenolic agents for control of the aflatoxigenic fungus Aspergillus flavus. Veratraldehyde, 1, cinnamic acid, 5, and the respective benzoic acid derivatives vanillin, 2, vanillic acid, 3, and vanillylacetone, 4, and cinnamic acid derivatives o-coumaric acid, 6, m-coumaric acid, 7, and p-coumaric acid, 8, showed significant antifungal activities (from highest to lowest, 2, 5 > 1 > 6, 7 > 4 > 3, 8) in the yeast system, with caffeic acid, 9, having little to no effect. Antifungal activity levels against A. flavus were similar. This similarity in antifungal activity demonstrated the usefulness of the S. cerevisiae bioassay for screening antifungal compounds. Assays using deletion mutants of yeast identified signal transduction and antioxidative stress response genes important to fungal tolerance. Targeting the antioxidative stress response system with certain compounds (e.g., 4) in combination with strobilurin fungicides had a synergistic effect against both fungi. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Campbell, BC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bcc@pw.usda.gov NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 26 BP 7814 EP 7821 DI 10.1021/jf0487093 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 883BS UT WOS:000225985700014 PM 15612761 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Gu, LW Prior, RL McKay, S AF Wu, XL Gu, LW Prior, RL McKay, S TI Characterization of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in some cultivars of Ribes, Aronia, and Sambucus and their antioxidant capacity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin; proanthocyanidin; antioxidant; ORAC; phenolics; black currant; gooseberry; chokeberry; elderberry; red currant ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RADICAL ABSORBING CAPACITY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; FLAVONOID INTAKE; COMMON FOODS; HPLC-MS; FRUITS; BLACK; VALIDATION AB Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins were characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS coupled with a diode array and/or fluorescent detector in seven cultivars of Ribes nigrum (black currant) and Ribes rubrum (red currant, Red Lake), six cultivars of Ribes grossularia (gooseberries), Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry), and Sambucus nigra (elderberry). Thirty-one different anthocyanins were detected in these berries, but not every anthocyanin was observed in each berry. A number of minor anthocyanins were identified from these berries for the first time. The concentrations of individual anthocyanins in all of the berries were quantified using relevant anthocyanidin 3-glucoside standards. Among the berries studied in this paper and in berries in general, chokeberry has the highest total anthocyanin concentrations [1480 mg/100 g of fresh weight (FW)], whereas the lowest total anthocyanin concentration in the berries studied was found in the gooseberry cv. Careless, which contained only 0.07 mg/100 g of FW. Two cultivars of gooseberries (Marigold and Leveller) did not contain any anthocyanins. Total proanthocyanidin concentrations in the berries studied ranged from 23 to 664 mg/100 g of FW in elderberry and chokeberry, respectively. Procyanidin or prodelphinidin polymers were the predominant components (>65% w/w) in most of the berries. The lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities were measured by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(FL)) procedure. The total antioxidant capacity varied from 21 mumol of TE/g of FW in Careless gooseberry to 161 mumol of TE/g of FW in chokeberry. Total phenolics in the berries in general paralleled hydrophilic antioxidant capacity. C1 Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Cornell Univ, Cooperat Extens Serv, Hudson, NY 12534 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA ARS, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011 NR 41 TC 338 Z9 350 U1 14 U2 139 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 26 BP 7846 EP 7856 DI 10.1021/jf0486850 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 883BS UT WOS:000225985700019 PM 15612766 ER PT J AU Bushman, BS Phillips, B Isbell, T Ou, B Crane, JM Knapp, SJ AF Bushman, BS Phillips, B Isbell, T Ou, B Crane, JM Knapp, SJ TI Chemical composition of caneberry (Rubus spp.) seeds and oils and their antioxidant potential SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tocopherols; ellagic acid; ellagitannin; alpha-linolenic acid; linoleic acid; saturated fatty acid; antioxidant capacity; oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC); raspberry; blackberry; boysenberry; Marion blackberry; Rubus ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; ABSORBENCY CAPACITY ASSAY; VITAMIN-E; ELLAGITANNINS; NUTRITION; VALIDATION; STABILITY; HEALTH; FRUITS; L. AB Caneberries (Rubus spp. L.) are grown primarily throughout the Pacific Northwestern United States and Canada. Processing of caneberry fruit typically removes the seed, and the development of a value-added use of seeds could expand the market for caneberries and the profit margins for growers. An initial step toward the use of the seeds is a characterization of seed and oil. Our investigation has described compositional characteristics for seeds of five commonly grown caneberry species: red raspberry, black raspberry, boysenberry, Marion blackberry, and evergreen blackberry. Seeds from all five species had 6-7% protein and 11-18% oil. The oils contained 53-63% linoleic acid, 15-31 % linolenic acid, and 3-8% saturated fatty acids. The two smaller seeded raspberry species had higher percentages of oil, the lowest amounts of saturated fatty acid, and the highest amounts of linolenic acid. Antioxidant capacities were detected both for whole seeds and for cold-pressed oils but did not correlate to total phenolics or tocopherols. Ellagitannins and free ellagic acid were the main phenolics detected in all five caneberry species and were approximately 3-fold more abundant in the blackberries and the boysenberry than in the raspberries. C1 Utah State Univ, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crop Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Brunswick Labs, Wareham, MA 02571 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bushman, BS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA ARS, 695 N1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM sbushman@cc.usu.edu NR 43 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 26 BP 7982 EP 7987 DI 10.1021/jf049149a PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 883BS UT WOS:000225985700038 PM 15612785 ER PT J AU Ishida, BK Chapman, MH AF Ishida, BK Chapman, MH TI A comparison of carotenoid content and total antioxidant activity in catsup from several commercial sources in the United States SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tomato; catsup; lycopene; carotenoid; Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity; solids ID LYCOPENE ISOMERS; BETA-CAROTENE; TOMATO FRUIT; VITAMINS; PLASMA; FOOD; OXIDATION; PRODUCTS; PROSTATE; RETINOL AB Samples of catsup from 13 commercial sources, representing at least 10 U.S. manufacturers, were analyzed for carotenoid content, antioxidant activity, and percentage solids. The solids content of these catsup brand samples varied from 26.31 to 38.06% solids. The lycopene content ranged from 59.42 to 183.36 mug, and total carotenoids were as high as 216.6 mug/g fresh weight, respectively. In addition, both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities were measured using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. These measurements of samples of the various catsup brands ranged from 176.5 to 356.8 total TEAC units. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ishida, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bkishida@pw.usda.gov NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 26 BP 8017 EP 8020 DI 10.1021/jf040154c PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 883BS UT WOS:000225985700043 PM 15612790 ER PT J AU Siriwoharn, T Wrolstad, RE Finn, CE Pereira, CB AF Siriwoharn, T Wrolstad, RE Finn, CE Pereira, CB TI Influence of cultivar, maturity, and sampling on blackberry (Rubus L. hybrids) anthocyanins, polyphenolics, and antioxidant properties SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE blackberries; Rubus L. hybrids; anthocyanins; polyphenolics; antioxidant properties; cultivar; sample variation; maturity ID THORNLESS BLACKBERRIES; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ACID-DERIVATIVES; FRUITS; CAPACITY; RASPBERRIES; BLUEBERRIES; QUERCETIN; VACCINIUM; COLOR AB Total anthocyanin pigments increased from 74.7 to 317 mg/100g fresh weight (FW) from underripe to overripe for Marion blackberries and from 69.9 to 164 mg/100 g FW for Evergreen blackberries, Total phenolics did not show a marked change with maturity with values slightly decreasing from underripe to ripe. Antioxidant activities, while increasing with ripening, also did not show the marked change that total anthocyanins exhibited. The impact of variation due to plots, subsampling, sample preparation, and measurement on Marion composition was examined in detail. Plot-to-plot and sample differences were the major contributors to variation, with sample preparation being an important contributor for some parameters. Measurement variation was a relatively small component of the total variation. Total anthocyanins for 11 blackberry cultivars ranged from 131 to 256 mg/100 g FW (mean = 198), total phenolics ranged from 682 to 1056 mg GAE/100 g FW (mean = 900), oxygen radical absorbance capacity ranged from 37.6 to 75.5 mumol TE/g FW (mean = 50.2), and ferric reducing antioxidant power ranged from 63.5 to 91.5 mumol TE/g FW (mean = 77.5). C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Wrolstad, RE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ron.wrolstad@oregonstate.edu NR 37 TC 113 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 26 BP 8021 EP 8030 DI 10.1021/jf048619y PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 883BS UT WOS:000225985700044 PM 15612791 ER PT J AU Kondo, T Gullan, PJ Miller, DR AF Kondo, T Gullan, PJ Miller, DR TI A new hypogeal species of Oregmopyga Hoy (Hemiptera : Coccoidea : Eriococcidae) from southern California, USA, and a key to species of the genus SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE California; eriococcid; Hymenoclea; new species; Oregmopyga AB A new species of hypogeal eriococcid, Oregmopyga viscosa Kondo sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on the adult female and the second-instar male and female. This species is known from Inyo, Kern, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties in southern California, where it lives just below the soil surface on the crown of its host, probably always Hymenoclea salsola Torr. & A. Gray (Asteraceae). A revised key to the adult females of all nine species of Oregmopyga is included. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kondo, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 22 PY 2004 IS 784 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 883GQ UT WOS:000225999900001 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, MG TI A new species of Schinia Hubner from riparian habitats in the Grand Canyon (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae : Heliothinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE systematics; genitalia; tamarisk; mesquite; acacia AB Schinia immaculata, new species, is described from riparian habitats along the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. Habitats include the shoreline, new high water dominated by tamarisk (Tamarix sp., Tamaricaceae), and old high water characterized by mesquite (Prosopis sp., Fabaceae), acacia (Acacia sp., Fabaceae), and desert shrubs. Adult and male genitalia are illustrated and compared with Schinia biundulata Smith. C1 Smithsonian Inst, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,NMNH,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mpogue@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 22 PY 2004 IS 788 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 883GU UT WOS:000226000300001 ER PT J AU Sundram, I Claiborn, C Strand, T Lamb, B Chandler, D Saxton, K AF Sundram, I Claiborn, C Strand, T Lamb, B Chandler, D Saxton, K TI Numerical modeling of windblown dust in the Pacific Northwest with improved meteorology and dust emission models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE dust storm; numerical simulation; wind erosion ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; WIND EROSION; MINERAL DUST; COLUMBIA PLATEAU; AIR-QUALITY; SURFACE; DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDICTIONS; ATMOSPHERE; AEROSOLS AB Soil erosion by wind is a serious consequence of dry land agriculture in eastern Washington, where the main adverse effects are loss of nutrient-rich soil, reduced visibility during dust storms and degradation of air quality. A multidisciplinary research effort to study windblown dust in central and eastern Washington was initiated under the Columbia Plateau PM10 (CP3) program, which involved measuring wind erosion and windblown dust emissions at sites throughout the region and developing a transport and dispersion model for the area. The modeling system includes the prognostic meteorological model, Mesoscale Metorological Model Version 5 (MM5), coupled with the CALMET/CALGRID Eularian modeling pair and a new dust emission module (EMIT-PM). Improvements to the modeling system included employing higher spatial resolutions for the meteorological models and improved parameterizations of emission factors in EMIT-PM. Meteorological fields, dust emissions and the resulting dust concentrations were simulated for six historical regional dust storms: 23 November 1990, 21 October 1991, 11 September 1993, 3 November 1993, 30 August 1996 and 23-25 September 1999. For all the simulated events, with the exception of the August 1996 event, ratios of observed to predicted concentrations were favorable, within a range of 0.5-6.0 without calibration of the dust emission model; PM10 emissions averaged 22 Gg per 24-hour event, representing approximately 1% of the daily dust flux on a global basis. These results showed that the model performed best for large, strong dust storms but did not simulate smaller storms as well. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. RP Sundram, I (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM irra_t-mohanasu@wsu.edu RI Chandler, David/E-4543-2013 OI Chandler, David/0000-0002-8662-2892 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24208 DI 10.1029/2004JD004794 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 883PO UT WOS:000226026800001 ER PT J AU McGovern, PE Zhang, JH Tang, JG Zhang, ZQ Hall, GR Moreau, RA Nunez, A Butrym, ED Richards, MP Wang, CS Cheng, GS Zhao, ZJ Wang, CS AF McGovern, PE Zhang, JH Tang, JG Zhang, ZQ Hall, GR Moreau, RA Nunez, A Butrym, ED Richards, MP Wang, CS Cheng, GS Zhao, ZJ Wang, CS TI Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE archaeological chemistry; Neolithic period; Shang Dynasty; alcohol; saccharification ID HENAN PROVINCE; JIAHU AB Chemical analyses of ancient organics absorbed into pottery jars from the early Neolithic village of Jiahu in Henan province in China have revealed that a mixed fermented beverage of rice, honey, and fruit (hawthorn fruit and/or grape) was being produced as early as the seventh millennium before Christ (B.C.). This prehistoric drink paved the way for unique cereal beverages of the proto-historic second millennium B.C., remarkably preserved as liquids inside sealed bronze vessels of the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties. These findings provide direct evidence for fermented beverages in ancient Chinese culture, which were of considerable social, religious, and medical significance, and help elucidate their earliest descriptions in the Shang Dynasty oracle inscriptions. C1 Univ Penn, Museum Archaeol & Anthropol, MASCA, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Sci Hist & Archaeometry, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Social Sci, Inst Archaeol, Beijing 100710, Peoples R China. Inst Cultural Rel & ARchaeol Henan Prov, Zhengzhou 450000, Peoples R China. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Human Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, Beijing 10080, Peoples R China. RP McGovern, PE (reprint author), Univ Penn, Museum Archaeol & Anthropol, MASCA, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mcgovern@sas.upenn.edu RI Richards, Michael/A-9374-2008; Richards, Michael/O-3717-2016; OI Richards, Michael/0000-0001-5274-8887; Richards, Michael/0000-0001-5274-8887; Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 41 TC 177 Z9 187 U1 16 U2 97 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 51 BP 17593 EP 17598 DI 10.1073/pnas.0407921102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 882PT UT WOS:000225951500007 PM 15590771 ER PT J AU Maue, AC Waters, WR Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Minion, FC Brown, WC Estes, DM AF Maue, AC Waters, WR Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Minion, FC Brown, WC Estes, DM TI CD80 and CD86, but not CD154, augment DNA vaccine-induced protection in experimental bovine tuberculosis SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE costimulatory molecules; CpG ODN; adjuvant ID T-CELL RESPONSES; COSTIMULATORY MOLECULE GENES; EXPRESSING CD40 LIGAND; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; VIRAL PROTEIN; PLASMID DNA; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; CD40-CD40 LIGAND AB DNA vaccination is known to elicit robust cellular and humoral responses to encoded antigen. The co-administration of costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7-1) CD86 (B7-2) and CD154 (CD40L) has been shown to enhance immune responses in several murine models. The role of specific costimulatory molecules in non-rodent species remains incompletely characterized. In these studies, we demonstrate that the co-administration of CD80 and CD86, but not CD154, to an existing candidate subunit DNA vaccine (ESAT-6) against bovine tuberculosis, enhances protection after aerosol challenge with virulent Mycobacterium bovis. Additionally, we have shown that vaccination with M. bovis BCG is protective against tuberculosis following aerosol challenge in cattle. Two independent trials were conducted in cattle to determine the adjuvant effect of encoded antigen + CD80/CD86 and directly compare the adjuvant activities of CD80/CD86 to those of CD154. Co-administration of either CD80/CD86 or CD 154 enhanced ESAT-6-specific IFN-gamma responses as compared to animals vaccinated with ESAT-6 DNA alone. However, following aerosol challenge, only animals vaccinated with CD80/CD86 possessed decreased pathology of the lungs and associated lymph nodes, as measured by gross examination, radiographic lesion morphometry and bacterial recovery. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the co-administration of costimulatory molecules with a protective antigen target enhances bovine immune responses to DNA vaccination, and that CD80/CD86 is superior to CD154 in augmenting DNA vaccine-induced protection in experimental bovine tuberculosis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Childrens Hosp 2 330F, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Missouri, Program Prevent Anim Infect Dis, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Estes, DM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Childrens Hosp 2 330F, Dept Pediat, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM dmestes@utmb.edu RI Minion, Chris/A-2955-2015 OI Minion, Chris/0000-0003-4876-8396 NR 56 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 6 BP 769 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.07.019 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 882KC UT WOS:000225936800007 PM 15542201 ER PT J AU Lellis, WA Barrows, FT Hardy, RW AF Lellis, WA Barrows, FT Hardy, RW TI Effects of phase-feeding dietary phosphorus on survival, growth, and processing characteristics of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; phase-feeding; rainbow trout; low-pollution diets AB A factorial experiment involving eight diets and three feeding periods was conducted to determine the minimal level of dietary phosphorus required to maintain survival. growth. and processing characteristics of post-juvenile rainbow trout. Trout were reared to an average size, of 200. 300, or 400 g using a commercial feed (1.20% P), then allotted by triplicate groups of nine fish to one of seven experimental diets containing logarithmic increments of dietary phosphorus (0.15%%, 0.21%, 0.30%, 0.42%, 0.60%. 0.85%, and 1.20% P) or a commercial trout feed (1.20% P). At an average weight of 550 g, fish were transported to a commercial processing plant, mechanically filleted, and evaluated for quality. Fish survival and weight gain increased quadratically with increased dietary phosphorus for fish started on treatment at 200 and 300 e. but were similar among all fish started at 400 g. Phosphorus retention decreased with increasing dietary phosphorus level,. from approximately 88% in groups fed diets containing 0.21% phosphorus to between 23% and 32% in groups fed diets containing 0.85% phosphorus. Calculated phosphorus losses increased as dietary phosphorus levels increased. from a low of approximately 0.4 g phosphorus kg(-1) fish weight gain to between 9.5 and 13 g phosphorus kg(-1) fish weight gain at the highest dietary phosphorus level. Dietary phosphorus did not affect carcass moisture, protein. lipid, or ash, but carcass phosphorus increased with increased dietary phosphorus among fish started on treatment at 200 and 300 g. There were no differences among any treatment group in carcass dressing or finishing percentage, or visual or textural appeal. The results indicate that available phosphorus levels can be reduced in rainbow trout diets to 0.60% at 200 g, to 0.30% at 300 g, or to 0.15% at 400 g live weight without loss in production or product quality in fish harvested at 550 g. Using these phase-feeding strategies would reduce the amount of phosphorus fed to the fish over the production cycle by 25%, and the amount lost to the environment by 12.5% for fish starting at 300 or 400 g. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, USDA ARS, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Wellsboro, PA USA. RP Hardy, RW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, USDA ARS, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM rhardy@uidaho.edu NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 242 IS 1-4 BP 607 EP 616 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.09.016 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 882CK UT WOS:000225916000043 ER PT J AU Xiao, Q Ustin, SL McPherson, EG AF Xiao, Q Ustin, SL McPherson, EG TI Using AVIRIS data and multiple-masking techniques to map urban forest tree species SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; SATELLITE DATA; TM IMAGERY; LAND-COVER; GIS; INTEGRATION; DISCRIMINATION; CLASSIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; ACCURACY AB Tree type and species information are critical parameters for urban forest management, benefit cost analysis and urban planning. However, traditionally, these parameters have been derived based on limited field samples in urban forest management practice. In this study we used high-resolution Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data and multiple-spectral masking techniques to identify and map urban forest trees. Trees were identified based on their spectral character difference in AVIRIS data. The use of multiple-masking techniques shift the focus to the target land cover types only, thus reducing confounding noise during spectral analysis. The results were checked against ground reference data and by comparison to tree information in an existing geographical information system (GIS) database. At the tree type level, mapping was accomplished with 94% accuracy. At the tree species level, the average accuracy was 70% but this varied with both tree type and species. Of the four evergreen tree species, the average accuracy was 69%. For the 12 deciduous tree species, the average accuracy was 70%. The relatively low accuracy for several deciduous species was due to small tree size and overlapping among tree crowns at the 3.5 m spatial resolution of AVIRIS data. This urban forest tree species mapping method has the potential to increase data update intervals and accuracy while reducing costs compared to field sampling or other traditional methods. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Urban Forest Res, USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Xiao, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM qxiao@ucdavis.edu NR 43 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 24 BP 5637 EP 5654 DI 10.1080/01431160412331291224 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 878ZW UT WOS:000225687200008 ER PT J AU Cosh, MH Stedinger, JR Brutsaert, W AF Cosh, MH Stedinger, JR Brutsaert, W TI Variability of surface soil moisture at the watershed scale SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydroclimatology; precipitation; soil moisture; unsaturated zone ID IMAGES AB Data from the Washita '92 experiment illustrate the spatial and temporal variability of surface soil moisture. Statistical moments revealed that there is no significant skewness or kurtosis in the distribution. Over the drying period the variance decreased with time; however, the coefficient of variation did not significantly change, indicating that scaled variability remains roughly constant. Regression analysis showed that soil texture, vegetation density, and time since precipitation accounted for approximately 55% of the variability of surface soil moisture. There are also strong indications of persistence in the spatial structure representing perhaps topography and solar exposure, which was maintained and explained 31% of the total variability. The methodology proposed herein should be generally applicable in the analysis of any spatially variable land surface data set as it evolves with time. C1 ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cosh, MH (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcosh@hydrolab.arsusda.gov; jrs5@cornell.edu; whb2@cornell.edu RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 18 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 12 AR W12513 DI 10.1029/2004WR003487 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 881RG UT WOS:000225885500007 ER PT J AU Freeman, VL Meydani, M Hur, K Flanigan, RC AF Freeman, VL Meydani, M Hur, K Flanigan, RC TI Inverse association between prostatic polyunsaturated fatty acid and risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate carcinoma; polyunsaturated fatty acid; eicosanoid metabolism; stage ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CANCER RISK; BIOCHEMICAL FAILURE; PATHOLOGICAL STAGE; GLEASON SCORE; UNITED-STATES; DIETARY-FAT; ANTIGEN; DISEASE; ADENOCARCINOMA AB BACKGROUND. An effect of fatty acids has been implicated in men with advanced-stage prostate carcinoma and in men who have died of the disease. To evaluate the influence of fatty acids in men with prostate carcinoma at earlier stages, the authors examined the relation between prostatic concentrations of fatty acids and locally advanced prostate carcinoma in men with clinically organ-confined disease. METHODS. Fatty acids were measured by capillary gas chromatography in fresh, nonmalignant prostate tissue specimens collected during surgery from 196 men undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate carcinoma. Two-sided, two-sample Student t tests compared mean concentrations in men with extraprostatic disease (pT(3-4)N(0-1)M(0)) with control men with organ-confined disease. Logistic regression accounted for clinical stage, prostate - specific antigen level, Gleason sum, and other factors. RESULTS. Percent total prostatic polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was found to be inversely associated with risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma (n = 52) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [95% Cl], 0.87-0.99; P = 0.035). Risk of seminal vesicle involvement accounted for this association (OR = 0.86, 95% Cl, 0.78-0.95; P = 0.003). Percent omega-3 fatty acid (eicosapentanoic + docosahexanoic acids) and percent arachidonic acid also were found to be inversely related to the risk of seminal vesicle involvement (OR = 0.52, 95% C1, 0.30 - 0.90; P = 0.02; and OR - 0.84, 95% Cl; 0.75-0.95; P 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS. Prostatic PUFA levels appear to influence the risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma in men with clinically organ-confined disease. This association may be mediated through the immune system. (C) 2004 American Cancer Society. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat MC 923, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Loyola Univ, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Urol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Vet Affairs Edward Hines Jr Hosp, Midw Ctr Hlth Serv & Policy Res, Hines, IL USA. Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Vet Affairs Edward Hines Jr Hosp, Cooperat Studies Coordinating Ctr, Hines, IL USA. RP Freeman, VL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat MC 923, 1603 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Freem981@uic.edu NR 62 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 12 BP 2744 EP 2754 DI 10.1002/cncr.20676 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 878HK UT WOS:000225637200005 PM 15495177 ER PT J AU Liu, HX MacCallum, DK Edwards, C Gaffield, W Mistretta, CM AF Liu, HX MacCallum, DK Edwards, C Gaffield, W Mistretta, CM TI Sonic hedgehog exerts distinct, stage-specific effects on tongue and taste papilla development SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sonic hedgehog; cyclopamine; taste papillae; tongue development; patched receptor; papilla patterning ID MORPHOGENESIS IN-VITRO; PANCREAS DEVELOPMENT; GLAND DEVELOPMENT; ORGAN-CULTURES; MOUSE; CYCLOPAMINE; SHH; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; DROSOPHILA AB Taste papillae are ectodermal specializations that serve to house and distribute the taste buds and their renewing cell populations in specific locations on the tongue. We previously showed that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) has a major role in regulating the number and spatial pattern of fungiform taste papillae on embryonic rat tongue, during a specific period of papilla formation from the prepapilla placode. Now we have immunolocalized the Shh protein and the Patched receptor protein (Ptc), and have tested potential roles for Shh in formation of the tongue, emergence of papilla placodes, development of papilla number and size, and maintenance of papillae after morphogenesis is advanced. Cultures of entire embryonic mandible or tongues from gestational days 12 to 18 [gestational or embryonic days (E)12-E18] were used, in which tongues and papillae develop with native spatial, temporal, and molecular characteristics. The Shh signaling pathway was disrupted with addition of cyclopamine, jervine, or the 5E1 blocking antibody. Shh and Ptc proteins are diffuse in prelingual tissue and early tongue swellings, and are progressively restricted to papilla placodes and then to regions of developing papillae. Ptc encircles the dense Shh immunoproduct in papillae at various stages. When the Shh signal is disrupted in cultures of E12 mandible, tongue formation is completely prevented. At later stages of tongue culture initiation, Shh signal disruption alters development of tongue shape (E13) and results in a repatterned fungiform papilla distribution that does not respect normally papilla-free tongue regions (E13-EI4). Only a few hours of Shh signal disruption can irreversibly alter number and location of fungiform papillae on anterior tongue and elicit papilla formation on the intermolar eminence. However, once papillae are well formed (E16-E18), Shh apparently does not have a clear role in papilla maintenance, nor does the tongue retain competency to add fungiform papillae in atypical locations. Our data not only provide evidence for inductive and morphogenetic roles for Shh in tongue and fungiform papilla formation, but also suggest that Shh functions to maintain the interpapilla space and papilla-free lingual regions. We propose a model for Shh function at high concentration to form and maintain papillae and, at low concentration, to activate between-papilla genes that maintain a papilla-free epithelium. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Biol & Mat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Mistretta, CM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Biol & Mat Sci, Room 6217, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM chmist@umich.edu FU NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC000456, DC00456] NR 65 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 276 IS 2 BP 280 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.07.042 PG 21 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 880GR UT WOS:000225777500004 PM 15581865 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Guo, MX AF Zheng, W Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Guo, MX TI Transformation of herbicide propachlor by an agrochemical thiourea SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS; METHYL-IODIDE; GROUND-WATER; DEGRADATION; METOLACHLOR; ALACHLOR; SOILS; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; CONJUGATION AB Propachlor and other chloroacetanilide herbicides are frequently detected contaminants of groundwater and surface water in agricultural regions. The purpose of this work was to develop a new approach to remove propachlor residues from the environment via chemical remediation by the nitrification inhibitor thiourea. The transformation processes of propachlor and thiourea mixed in aqueous solution, sand, and soil were elucidated. Analysis of transformation products and reaction kinetics indicated that an S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution reaction occurred, in which the chlorine of propachlor was replaced by thiourea, detoxifying the herbicide. It appears that propachlor undergoes a catalytic reaction in sand or soil amended with thiourea, which results in a significantly accelerated transformation rate as compared to the reaction in aqueous solution. The second-order reaction process was examined at different temperatures to investigate the role of the activation energy. The enthalpy of activation (DeltaH) for the reaction of propachlor with thiourea was demonstrated to be significantly lower in sand than in aqueous solution, which provides evidence that a catalytic transformation mechanism occurs in thiourea-amended sand. The chemical reaction rate increased proportionally to the amount of thiourea added to the sand. Column experiments further suggested that the remediation strategy could be used to remove propachlor residues from sand or soil to reduce leaching and prevent contamination of surface water and groundwater. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, Riverside, CA USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM wzheng@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 24 BP 6855 EP 6860 DI 10.1021/es049384+ PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880AX UT WOS:000225761800059 PM 15669349 ER PT J AU Hamer, DH Meydani, SN AF Hamer, DH Meydani, SN TI Vitamin E and respiratory tract infections in elderly persons - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID COMMON COLD; RHINOVIRUS; CORONAVIRUS; BURDEN C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Hamer, DH (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 23 BP 2834 EP 2834 DI 10.1001/jama.292.23.2834-b PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879CR UT WOS:000225694500015 ER PT J AU Bennett, JO Yu, O Heatherly, LG Krishnan, HB AF Bennett, JO Yu, O Heatherly, LG Krishnan, HB TI Accumulation of genistein and daidzein, soybean isoflavones implicated in promoting human health, is significantly elevated by irrigation SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glycine; isoflavone; seed composition ID UNITED-STATES; GLUCOSINOLATE UPTAKE; PRODUCTION SYSTEM; FATTY-ACIDS; PROTEIN; SEED; OIL; TEMPERATURE; QUALITY; BIOSYNTHESIS AB To circumvent drought conditions persisting during seed fill in the mid-south U.S. soybean production region, researchers have developed the early soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr.) production system (ESPS), which entails early planting of short-season varieties. Because soybean supplies a preponderance of the world's protein and oil and consumption of soy-based foods has been associated with multiple health benefits, the effects of this agronomic practice on seed quality traits such as protein, oil, and isoflavones should be investigated. Four cultivars of soybean, two from maturity group IV and two from maturity group V, were planted in April (ESPS) and May (traditional) in a two-year study at Stoneville, MS. Near-infrared analysis of soybean seed was utilized to determine the percentages of protein and oil. Dependent upon variety, the oil content of the early-planted crop was increased by 3-8%, whereas protein was not significantly changed. Visualization of protein extracts fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis and fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis revealed that early planting did not affect the relative accumulation of the major seed-storage proteins; thus, protein composition was equal to that of traditionally cultivated soybeans. Maturity group IV cultivars contained a higher percentage of oil and a lower percentage of protein than did the maturity group V cultivars, regardless of planting date. Gas chromatographic separation of fatty acids revealed that the percentages of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were not significantly altered by planting date. Methanol extracts of seed harvested from different planting dates when analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography showed striking differences in isoflavone content. Dependent upon the variety, total isoflavone content was increased as much as 1.3-fold in early-planted soybeans. Irrigation enhanced the isoflavone content of both early- and late-planted soybeans as much as 2.5-fold. Accumulation of individual isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, was also elevated by irrigation. Because this cultural practice improves the quality traits of seeds, ESPS provides an opportunity for enhancing the quality of soybean. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Dept Agr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 45 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 25 BP 7574 EP 7579 DI 10.1021/jf049133k PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 879TT UT WOS:000225742500022 PM 15675806 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA AF Manthey, JA TI Fractionation of orange peel phenols in ultrafiltered molasses and mass balance studies of their antioxidant levels SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE flavonoids; hydroxycinnamates; flavone glycosides; antioxidants; citrus byproducts; peel ID PURIFIED FLAVONOID FRACTION; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; CITRUS PEEL; POLYMETHOXYLATED FLAVONES; BY-PRODUCTS; ACID; INFLAMMATION; RADICALS; RELEASE AB Orange peel molasses, a byproduct of juice production, contains high concentrations of phenols, including numerous flavanone and flavone glycosides, polymethoxylated flavones, hydroxycinnamates, and other miscellaneous phenolic glycosides and amines. Extensive fractionation of these phenols was achieved by adsorption, ion exchange, and size exclusion chromatography. Size exclusion chromatography effectively separated the different classes of flavonoids in ultrafiltered molasses, including the polymethoxylated flavones, flavanone-O-trisaccharides, flavanone- and flavone-O-disaccharides, and, finally, flavone-C-glycosides. Mass spectral analysis of the early-eluting flavonoid fractions off the size exclusion column revealed a broad collection of minor-occurring flavone glycosides, which included, in part, glycosides of limocitrin, limocitrol, and chrysoeriol. Most hydroxycinnamates in the molasses were recovered by ion exchange chromatography, which also facilitated the recovery of fractions containing many other miscellaneous phenols. Total antioxidant levels and total phenolic contents were measured for the separate categories of phenols in the molasses. Inhibition of the superoxide anion reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium showed that a significant amount of the total antioxidant activity in orange peel molasses was attributable to minor-occurring flavones. The miscellaneous phenolic-containing fractions, in which a large portion of the total phenolic content in molasses occurred, also constituted a major portion of the total antioxidants in ultrafiltered molasses. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, So Atlantic Area, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, So Atlantic Area, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM jmanthey@citrus.usda.gov NR 29 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 25 BP 7586 EP 7592 DI 10.1021/jf049083j PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 879TT UT WOS:000225742500024 PM 15675808 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Koskinen, WC Carrizosa, MJ AF Rice, PJ Koskinen, WC Carrizosa, MJ TI Effect of soil properties on the degradation of isoxaflutole and the sorption-desorption of isoxaflutole and its diketonitrile degradate SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE isoxaflutole; diketonitrile degradate; sorption; desorption ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; ADSORPTION; TEMPERATURE; METOLACHLOR; HYDROLYSIS; HERBICIDES; KINETICS AB The transformation of isoxaflutole (ISOX) to its herbicidally active diketonitrile degradate (DKN) was significantly enhanced in the presence of soil and occurred more rapidly in systems containing soil with a greater soil pH. Sorption-desorption of ISOX and DKN in five soils collected within a field revealed both ISOX and DKN were more readily sorbed to soils with greater organic matter, clay content, and lower soil pH. Sorption of ISOX residues occurred within 2 h. and extracts contained similar concentrations of ISOX and DKN at 24 h, suggesting the 24-h sorption coefficients for ISOX-treated systems were actually for mixed ISOX residues. Freundlich sorption coefficients were 3 and 4 times greater for ISOX than for DKN. On the basis of the Freundlich organic carbon sorption constants, ISOX and DKN can be categorized in the very high and high mobility classes, suggesting their potential to leach in the soils needs to be evaluated. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. CSIC, IRNAS, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Rice, PJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pamrice@umn.edu NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 25 BP 7621 EP 7627 DI 10.1021/jf0499141 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 879TT UT WOS:000225742500029 PM 15675813 ER PT J AU Stark, NM Matuana, LM AF Stark, NM Matuana, LM TI Surface chemistry and mechanical property changes of wood-flour/high-density-polyethylene composites after accelerated weathering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composites; FT-IR; polyethylene (PE) ID POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MOISTURE ABSORPTION; LIGHT STABILIZERS; SISAL-FIBER; HDPE; CRYSTALLINITY; FILMS; FTIR; DSC AB Although wood-plastic composites have become more accepted and used in recent years and are promoted as low-maintenance, high-durability building products, they do experience a color change and a loss in mechanical properties with accelerated weathering. In this study, we attempted to characterize the modulus-of-elasticity (MOE) loss of photostabilized high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and composites of wood flour and high-density polyethylene (WF/HDPE) with accelerated weathering. We then examined how weathering changed the surface chemistry of the composites and looked at whether or not the surface changes were related to the MOE loss. By examining surface chemistry changes, we hoped to begin to understand what caused the weathering changes. The materials were left unstabilized or were stabilized with either an ultraviolet absorber or pigment. After 1000 and 2000 h of accelerated weathering, the samples were tested for MOE loss. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to monitor carbonyl and vinyl group formation at the surface. Changes in the HDPE crystallinity were also determined with FTIR techniques. It was determined that structural changes in the samples (carbonyl group formation, terminal vinyl group formation, and crystallinity changes) could not be reliably used to predict changes in MOE with a simple linear relationship. This indicated that the effects of crosslinking, chain scission, and crystallinity changes due to ultraviolet exposure and interfacial degradation due to moisture exposure were interrelated factors for the weathering of HDPE and WF/HDPE composites. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Stark, NM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM nstark@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 2263 EP 2273 DI 10.1002/app.20996 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 868PH UT WOS:000224925000003 ER PT J AU Wagner, B Salman, MD AF Wagner, B Salman, MD TI Strategies for two-stage sampling designs for estimating herd-level prevalence SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE herd-level prevalence; two-stage sampling; sensitivity; specificity ID DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; SUBSTANTIATE FREEDOM; DISEASE; SENSITIVITY; SPECIFICITY; FARM AB We propose a herd-level sample-size formula based on a common adjustment for prevalence estimates when diagnostic tests are imperfect. The formula depends on estimates of herd-level sensitivity and specificity. With Monte Carlo simulations, we explored the effects of different intracluster correlations on herd-level sensitivity and specificity. At low prevalence (e.g. 1% of animals infected), herd-level sensitivity increased with increasing intracluster correlation and many herds were classified as positive based only on false-positive test results. Herd-level sensitivity was less affected at higher prevalence (e.g. 20% of animals infected). A real-life example was developed for estimating ovine progressive pneumonia prevalence in sheep. The approach allows researchers to balance the number of herds and the total number of animals sampled by manipulating herd-level test characteristics (such as the number of animals sampled within a herd). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wagner, B (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Bruce.A.Wagner@aphis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 66 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.07.008 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 881VP UT WOS:000225897800001 PM 15579331 ER PT J AU Miller, DA Thill, RE Melchiors, MA Wigley, TB Tappe, PA AF Miller, DA Thill, RE Melchiors, MA Wigley, TB Tappe, PA TI Small mammal communities of streamside management zones in intensively managed pine forests of Arkansas SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Akaike's information criterion; Arkansas; abundance; diversity; intensive forestry; pine plantations; riparian zones; small mammals; streamside management zones ID WESTERN OREGON; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; RIPARIAN; PLANTATIONS; ABUNDANCE; STANDS AB Streamside management zones (SMZs), composed primarily of hardwoods in the southeastern United States, provide habitat diversity within intensively managed pine (Pinus spp.) plantations. However, effects of SMZ width and adjacent plantation structure on riparian wildlife communities are poorly understood. Therefore, during 1990-1995, we examined small mammal communities within 5 SMZ width classes (1-20 to >100 in) embedded within three types of pine plantations (young, open canopy; closed canopy; and thinned) and three natural riparian stands in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas, USA. We captured small mammals for 10 consecutive days each February using four to six traplines each consisting of nine trap stations with three snap traps at each station. We estimated relative abundance [catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE)], species richness, species diversity, and species evenness for all captures and captures just along the stream course. Within the SMZ/plantation settings and three natural stands, we captured 1701 small mammals of I I species in 114,285 trapnights. Golden mice (Ochrotomys nuttalli), southern short-tailed shrews (Blarina carolinensis), and Peromyscus spp. comprised 88% of all captures. Our study suggests that narrow (less than or equal to20 in wide) SMZs in managed pine forests tend to have higher small mammal abundance and species richness than wider SMZs. Additionally, species richness and CPUE was greater in SMZs within young, open canopy and thinned plantations versus closed canopy plantations. Plantation structure appears to influence small mammal community structure within SMZs more than SMZ width. Shortening the amount of time plantations spend in closed canopy conditions would likely improve habitat conditions for small marnmals existing in SMZs within intensively managed pine landscapes. Streamside management zones in the South designed to meet voluntary water quality standards are likely sufficient for small mammal conservation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Weyerhaeuser Co, So Timberlands Res & Dev, Columbus, MS 39704 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Western Timberlands Res, Federal Way, WA 98063 USA. Clemson Univ, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Miller, DA (reprint author), Weyerhaeuser Co, So Timberlands Res & Dev, POB 2288, Columbus, MS 39704 USA. EM darren.miller@weyerhaeuser.com NR 51 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 13 PY 2004 VL 203 IS 1-3 BP 381 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.08.007 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 876UI UT WOS:000225523000030 ER PT J AU Zhang, AJ Nie, JY Khrimian, A AF Zhang, AJ Nie, JY Khrimian, A TI Chiral synthesis of maconelliol: a novel cyclobutanoid terpene alcohol from pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Maconellicoccus hirsutus; cyclobutanoid terpene alcohol; maconelliol; sex pheromone; chiral synthesis ID SEX-PHEROMONE; ACIDS AB The chiral synthesis of maconelliol, [2,2-dimethyl-3-(1-methylethylidene)cyclobutyl] methanol, the alcohol moiety of the major sex pheromone component isolated from the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, is described. The compound was synthesized in six steps from alpha-pinene and the key step is dehydration of 5 to 7 through the intermediate 6. The absolute configuration of the naturally occurring maconelliol was determined as R. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhanga@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 51 BP 9401 EP 9403 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.10.131 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 878LQ UT WOS:000225648700021 ER PT J AU Sturtevant, BR Gustafson, EJ He, HS AF Sturtevant, BR Gustafson, EJ He, HS TI Modeling disturbance and succession in forest landscapes using LANDIS: introduction SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPATIAL SIMULATION C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sturtevant, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM bsturtevant@fs.fed.us OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 180 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.07.001 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860YD UT WOS:000224379500001 ER PT J AU Shang, BZ He, HS Crow, TR Shifley, SR AF Shang, BZ He, HS Crow, TR Shifley, SR TI Fuel load reductions and fire risk in central hardwood forests of the United States: a spatial simulation study SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Symposium of the US-Chapter of the International-Association-for-Landscape-Ecology CY APR, 2003 CL Banff, CANADA SP Int Assoc Landscape Ecol, US Chap DE fuel; fire risk; fuel treatment; prescribed fire; landscape model; LANDIS ID CROWN FIRE; BEHAVIOR; DECOMPOSITION; VEGETATION; SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB With wildfire suppression, accumulation of fine fuels and coarse fuels increases fire risk in Central Hardwood Forests. Assessment of fire risk provides guides for fuel treatments (prescribed fires, or coarse woody debris reduction) to avoid severe wildfires. A spatially explicit landscape model, LANDIS, was used to simulate fine and coarse fuels and their dynamics in the Missouri Ozarks as influenced by forest succession, species establishment, tree mortality, wildfire disturbance and fuel treatments. Three scenarios were selected and simulated for 200 years: (I) wildfire suppression only; (II) prescribed fire with wildfire suppression; and (III) prescribed fire and coarse fuel reduction with wildfire suppression. LANDIS evaluated the potential fire risk for each forest stand by rating the potential fire intensity and fire probability. About 5% of the stands with the highest potential fire risk were selected each decade for fuel treatment under scenarios II and III. Simulation results showed that fuels and potential fire risk gradually built up to high levels in scenario I. Prescribed fires in scenario II reduced potential wildfire risk at the beginning of the 200-year simulation, but became less effective in limiting wildfires in later years. Additional coarse fuel reduction coupled with prescribed fire in scenario III effectively controlled the coarse fuel loading and potential fire risk. The simulated mean wildfire return interval increased from 325 years in scenario I, to 496 years in scenario II, to 637 years in scenario III. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Shang, BZ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, 203 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM shangz@missouri.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 51 TC 30 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 180 IS 1 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.01.020 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860YD UT WOS:000224379500007 ER PT J AU Larson, MA Thompson, FR Millspaugh, JJ Dijak, WD Shifley, SR AF Larson, MA Thompson, FR Millspaugh, JJ Dijak, WD Shifley, SR TI Linking population viability, habitat suitability, and landscape simulation models for conservation planning SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Symposium of the US-Chapter of the International-Association-for-Landscape-Ecology CY APR, 2003 CL Banff, CANADA SP Int Assoc Landscape Ecol, US Chap DE forest landscape; habitat modeling; habitat suitability index; management decisions; ovenbird; population viability analysis; Seiurus aurocapillus; stochastic simulation ID FOREST MANAGEMENT; SPATIAL SIMULATION; WILDLIFE-HABITAT; MISSOURI OZARKS; DYNAMICS; METAPOPULATION; UNCERTAINTY; RELIABILITY; SUCCESSION; OBJECTIVES AB Methods for habitat modeling based on landscape simulations and population viability modeling based on habitat quality are well developed, but no published study of which we are aware has effectively joined them in a single, comprehensive analysis. We demonstrate the application of a population viability model for ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) that is linked to realistic landscape simulations using a GIS-based habitat suitability index (HSI) model. We simulated potential future characteristics of a hardwood forest in southern Missouri under two tree harvest scenarios using LANDIS. We applied three different versions of the HSI model (lower, best, and upper estimates) to output from the landscape simulations and used RAMAS GIS to link estimates of temporally dynamic habitat suitability, through fecundity and carrying capacity, to ovenbird population viability. Abundances and viability differed more between the upper and lower HSI estimates than between the two forest management scenarios. The viability model was as sensitive to the relationship between reproductive success and habitat suitability as it was to rates of first-year survival and reproductive success itself. Habitat-based viability models and the wildlife studies they support, therefore, would benefit greatly from improving the accuracy and precision of habitat suitability estimates. Combining landscape, habitat, and viability models in a single analysis provides benefits beyond those of the individual modeling stages. A comprehensive modeling approach encompasses all components and processes of interest, allows direct comparison of the relative levels of uncertainty in each stage of modeling, and allows analysis of the economic benefits and costs of different land use plans, which may be affected by landscape management, habitat manipulation, and wildlife conservation efforts. Using population viability, habitat suitability, and landscape simulation models in an integrated analysis for conservation planning is an important advancement because habitat quality is a critical link between human land use decisions and wildlife population viability. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Larson, MA (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 1201 E Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM michael.larson@dnr.state.mn.us NR 51 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 9 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 180 IS 1 BP 103 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.12.054 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860YD UT WOS:000224379500008 ER PT J AU Yang, J He, HS Gustafson, EJ AF Yang, J He, HS Gustafson, EJ TI A hierarchical fire frequency model to simulate temporal patterns of fire regimes in LANDIS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Symposium of the US-Chapter of the International-Association-for-Landscape-Ecology CY APR, 2003 CL Banff, CANADA SP Int Assoc Landscape Ecol, US Chap DE fire frequency model; fire regime; hierarchical modeling; LANDIS ID FOREST-LANDSCAPE; SPATIAL SIMULATION; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; VARIABILITY; SUCCESSION; HISTORY AB Fire disturbance has important ecological effects in many forest landscapes. Existing statistically based approaches can be used to examine the effects of a fire regime on forest landscape dynamics. Most examples of statistically based fire models divide a fire occurrence into two stages-fire ignition and fire initiation. However, the exponential and Weibull fire-interval distributions, which model a fire occurrence as a single event, are often inappropriately applied to these two-stage models. We propose a hierarchical fire frequency model in which the joint distribution of fire frequency is factorized into a series of conditional distributions. The model is consistent with the framework of statistically based approaches because it accounts for the separation of fire ignition from fire occurrence. The exponential and Weibull models are actually special cases of our hierarchical model. In addition, more complicated non-stationary temporal patterns of fire occurrence also can be simulated with the same approach. We implemented this approach as an improved fire module in LANDIS and conducted experiments within forest landscapes of northern Wisconsin and southern Missouri. The results of our experiments demonstrate this new fire module can simulate a wide range of fire regimes across heterogeneous landscapes with a few parameters and a moderate amount of input data. The model possesses great flexibility for simulating temporal variations in fire frequency for various forest ecosystems and can serve as a theoretical framework for future statistical modeling of fire regimes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, 203 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jym6b@missouri.edu RI Yang, Jian/H-3169-2011; OI Yang, Jian/0000-0002-2170-589X; He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 50 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 180 IS 1 BP 119 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.03.017 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860YD UT WOS:000224379500009 ER PT J AU He, HS Shang, BZ Crow, TR Gustafson, EJ Shifley, SR AF He, HS Shang, BZ Crow, TR Gustafson, EJ Shifley, SR TI Simulating forest fuel and fire risk dynamics across landscapes - LANDIS fuel module design SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Symposium of the US-Chapter of the International-Association-for-Landscape-Ecology CY APR, 2003 CL Banff, CANADA SP Int Assoc Landscape Ecol, US Chap DE fine fuel; coarse fuel; fire intensity; fire risk; fuel treatment; landscape model; LANDIS ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; SPATIAL SIMULATION; HARDWOOD FORESTS; BOREAL FOREST; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; GROWTH; MODEL; DECOMPOSITION; SUCCESSION; MANAGEMENT AB Understanding fuel dynamics over large spatial (10(3)-10(6) ha) and temporal scales (10(1)-10(3) years) is important in comprehensive wildfire management. We present a modeling approach to simulate fuel and fire risk dynamics as well as impacts of alternative fuel treatments. The approach is implemented using the fuel module of an existing spatially explicit forest landscape model, LANDIS. The LANDIS fuel module tracks fine fuel, coarse fuel and live fuel for each cell on a landscape. Fine fuel is derived from vegetation types (species composition) and species age, and coarse fuel is derived from stand age (the oldest age cohorts) in combination with disturbance history. Live fuels, also called canopy fuels, are live trees that may be ignited in high intensity fire situations (such as crown fires). The amount of coarse fuel at a given time is the result of accumulation and decomposition processes, which have rates defined by ecological land types. Potential fire intensity is determined by the combination of fine fuel and coarse fuel. Potential fire risk is determined by the potential fire intensity and fire probability, which are derived from fire cycle (fire return interval) and the time since last fire. The LANDIS fuel module simulates common fuel management practices including prescribed burning, coarse fuel load reduction (mechanical thinning), or both. To test the design of the module, we applied it to a large landscape in the Missouri Ozarks. We demonstrated two simulation scenarios: fire suppression with and without fuel treatment for 200 years. At each decade of a simulation, we analyzed fine fuel, coarse fuel, and fire risk maps. The results show that the fuel module correctly implements the assumptions made to create it, and is able to simulate basic cause-effect relationships between fuel treatment and fire risk. The design of the fuel module makes it amendable to calibration and verification for other regions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP He, HS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 203 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM heh@misouri.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 64 TC 32 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 180 IS 1 BP 135 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.07.003 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860YD UT WOS:000224379500010 ER PT J AU Sturtevant, BR Gustafson, EJ Li, W He, HS AF Sturtevant, BR Gustafson, EJ Li, W He, HS TI Modeling biological disturbances in LANDIS: a module description and demonstration using spruce budworm SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Symposium of the US-Chapter of the International-Association-for-Landscape-Ecology CY APR, 2003 CL Banff, CANADA SP Int Assoc Landscape Ecol, US Chap DE biological disturbance agents; forest insects and disease; spatially explicit landscape model; LANDIS; succession; Eastern spruce budworm; Choristoneura fumiferana ID JACK PINE BUDWORM; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; BOREAL FOREST; CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA; EASTERN CANADA; BALSAM FIR; OUTBREAKS; DEFOLIATION; SIMULATION; MANAGEMENT AB Insects and diseases are common disturbance agents in forested ecosystems. Severe outbreaks can cause significant changes in tree species composition, age structure, and fuel conditions over broad areas. To investigate the role of biological disturbances in shaping forest landscapes over time, we constructed a new "biological disturbance agent" (BDA) module for a landscape-level forest succession and disturbance simulator, LANDIS. The BDA module is designed to simulate tree mortality following major outbreaks of insects and/or disease. Major outbreaks are defined as those significant enough to influence forest succession, fire disturbance, or harvest disturbance at landscape scales. Module design is flexible to accommodate a diversity of life history traits characterizing destructive insects and diseases, and more than one BDA can be simulated to examine their interactions. Five main elements control the probability of biological disturbance within the module: (1) local host dominance on a given site; (2) host value modifiers that reflect environmental conditions and recent disturbance history; (3) host dominance within a user-specified neighborhood; (4) the temporal outbreak pattern characteristic of the BDA, and (5) BDA dispersal in cases where the annual dispersal range of the BDA is small relative to the study area. In this paper, we describe the first four elements of the BDA module, and present the initial testing of the module on a variety of neutral landscape patterns, using Eastern spruce budworm as a test case. Our results are consistent with published successional patterns of spruce-fir and mixed forests affected by spruce budworm, but also highlight areas of uncertainty in the spatio-temporal patterns of budworm-caused tree mortality and biological disturbances in general. We suggest that the behavior of the module is consistent with the design and intended purpose of LANDIS as a probabilistic landscape-level simulator of forest disturbance and succession. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sturtevant, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM bsturtevant@fs.fed.us OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 64 TC 51 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 180 IS 1 BP 153 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.01.021 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860YD UT WOS:000224379500011 ER PT J AU Wong, GKS Liu, B Wang, J Zhang, Y Yang, X Zhang, ZJ Meng, QS Zhou, J Li, DW Zhang, JJ Ni, PX Li, SG Ran, LH Li, H Zhang, JG Li, RQ Li, ST Zheng, HK Lin, W Li, GY Wang, XL Zhao, WM Li, J Ye, C Dai, MT Ruan, J Zhou, Y Li, YZ He, XM Zhang, YZ Wang, J Huang, XG Tong, W Chen, J Ye, J Chen, C Wei, N Li, GQ Dong, L Lan, FD Sun, YQ Zhang, ZP Yang, Z Yu, YP Huang, YQ He, DD Xi, Y Wei, D Qi, QH Li, WJ Shi, JP Wang, MH Xie, F Wang, JJ Zhang, XW Wang, P Zhao, YQ Li, N Yang, N Dong, W Hu, SN Zeng, CQ Zheng, WM Hao, BL Hillier, LW Yang, SP Warren, WC Wilson, RK Brandstrom, M Ellegren, H Crooijmans, RPMA van der Poel, JJ Bovenhuis, H Groenen, MAM Ovcharenko, I Gordon, L Stubbs, L Lucas, S Glavina, T Aerts, A Kaiser, P Rothwell, L Young, JR Rogers, S Walker, BA van Hateren, A Kaufman, J Bumstead, N Lamont, SJ Zhou, HJ Hocking, PM Morrice, D de Koning, DJ Law, A Bartley, N Burt, DW Hunt, H Cheng, HH Gunnarsson, U Wahlberg, P Andersson, L Kindlund, E Tammi, MT Andersson, B Webber, C Ponting, CP Overton, IM Boardman, PE Tang, HZ Hubbard, SJ Wilson, SA Yu, J Wang, J Yang, HM AF Wong, GKS Liu, B Wang, J Zhang, Y Yang, X Zhang, ZJ Meng, QS Zhou, J Li, DW Zhang, JJ Ni, PX Li, SG Ran, LH Li, H Zhang, JG Li, RQ Li, ST Zheng, HK Lin, W Li, GY Wang, XL Zhao, WM Li, J Ye, C Dai, MT Ruan, J Zhou, Y Li, YZ He, XM Zhang, YZ Wang, J Huang, XG Tong, W Chen, J Ye, J Chen, C Wei, N Li, GQ Dong, L Lan, FD Sun, YQ Zhang, ZP Yang, Z Yu, YP Huang, YQ He, DD Xi, Y Wei, D Qi, QH Li, WJ Shi, JP Wang, MH Xie, F Wang, JJ Zhang, XW Wang, P Zhao, YQ Li, N Yang, N Dong, W Hu, SN Zeng, CQ Zheng, WM Hao, BL Hillier, LW Yang, SP Warren, WC Wilson, RK Brandstrom, M Ellegren, H Crooijmans, RPMA van der Poel, JJ Bovenhuis, H Groenen, MAM Ovcharenko, I Gordon, L Stubbs, L Lucas, S Glavina, T Aerts, A Kaiser, P Rothwell, L Young, JR Rogers, S Walker, BA van Hateren, A Kaufman, J Bumstead, N Lamont, SJ Zhou, HJ Hocking, PM Morrice, D de Koning, DJ Law, A Bartley, N Burt, DW Hunt, H Cheng, HH Gunnarsson, U Wahlberg, P Andersson, L Kindlund, E Tammi, MT Andersson, B Webber, C Ponting, CP Overton, IM Boardman, PE Tang, HZ Hubbard, SJ Wilson, SA Yu, J Wang, J Yang, HM CA Int Chicken Polymorphism Map Conso TI A genetic variation map for chicken with 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BROILER LAYER CROSS; GENOME; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE; MUTATION; MARKERS; GROWTH; SNP AB We describe a genetic variation map for the chicken genome containing 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs). This map is based on a comparison of the sequences of three domestic chicken breeds ( a broiler, a layer and a Chinese silkie) with that of their wild ancestor, red jungle fowl. Subsequent experiments indicate that at least 90% of the variant sites are true SNPs, and at least 70% are common SNPs that segregate in many domestic breeds. Mean nucleotide diversity is about five SNPs per kilobase for almost every possible comparison between red jungle fowl and domestic lines, between two different domestic lines, and within domestic lines - in contrast to the notion that domestic animals are highly inbred relative to their wild ancestors. In fact, most of the SNPs originated before domestication, and there is little evidence of selective sweeps for adaptive alleles on length scales greater than 100 kilobases. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Inst Genom, Beijing Proteom Inst, Beijing 101300, Peoples R China. Zhejiang Univ, James D Watson Inst Genome Sci, Hangzhou Genom Inst, Key Lab Genom Bioinformat Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou 310008, Peoples R China. Univ Washington, Dept Med, UW Genome Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Peking Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Beijing N Computat Ctr, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Theoret Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. China Agr Univ, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Evolutionay Biol, SE-75234 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Anim Breeding & Genet Grp, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Roslin Inst Edinburgh, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biochem, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Univ Oxford, Dept Human Anat & Genet, MRC, Funct Gent Unit, Oxford OX1 3QX, England. Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Biomol Sci, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Wong, GKS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Inst Genom, Beijing Proteom Inst, Beijing 101300, Peoples R China. EM gksw@genomics.org.cn; leif.andersson@imbim.uu.se; hyang@genomics.org.cn RI Tammi, Martti/C-1115-2008; Brandstrom Durling, Mikael/C-1213-2008; Hubbard, Simon/B-9006-2009; Overton, Ian/A-5911-2011; Li, Heng/D-9344-2011; 郑, 征/C-8514-2011; Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Bovenhuis, Henk/E-4750-2012; van der Poel, Jan/E-5104-2012; Walker, Brian/A-4984-2013; de Koning, Dirk Jan /F-3399-2013; Andersson, Bjorn/G-9832-2013; Wong, Gane/A-3771-2014; He, Ximiao/C-1292-2010; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/G-5784-2013; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016; OI Brandstrom Durling, Mikael/0000-0001-6485-197X; Li, Heng/0000-0003-4874-2874; Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; de Koning, Dirk Jan /0000-0001-6343-8155; Andersson, Bjorn/0000-0002-4624-0259; He, Ximiao/0000-0003-1253-5275; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/0000-0001-6108-5560; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Hubbard, Simon/0000-0002-8601-9524; Hu, Songnian/0000-0003-3966-3111; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874; Walker, Brian/0000-0002-8615-6254; Ponting, Chris/0000-0003-0202-7816 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/B/13497] NR 47 TC 293 Z9 323 U1 5 U2 65 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7018 BP 717 EP 722 DI 10.1038/nature03156 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 877UE UT WOS:000225597200039 PM 15592405 ER PT J AU Wallis, JW Aerts, J Groenen, MAM Crooijmans, RPMA Layman, D Graves, TA Scheer, DE Kremitzki, C Fedele, MJ Mudd, NK Cardenas, M Higginbotham, J Carter, J McGrane, R Gaige, T Mead, K Walker, J Albracht, D Davito, J Yang, SP Leong, S Chinwalla, A Sekhon, M Wylie, K Dodgson, J Romanov, MN Cheng, H de Jong, PJ Osoegawa, K Nefedov, M Zhang, HB McPherson, JD Krzywinski, M Schein, J Hillier, L Mardis, ER Wilson, RK Warren, WC AF Wallis, JW Aerts, J Groenen, MAM Crooijmans, RPMA Layman, D Graves, TA Scheer, DE Kremitzki, C Fedele, MJ Mudd, NK Cardenas, M Higginbotham, J Carter, J McGrane, R Gaige, T Mead, K Walker, J Albracht, D Davito, J Yang, SP Leong, S Chinwalla, A Sekhon, M Wylie, K Dodgson, J Romanov, MN Cheng, H de Jong, PJ Osoegawa, K Nefedov, M Zhang, HB McPherson, JD Krzywinski, M Schein, J Hillier, L Mardis, ER Wilson, RK Warren, WC TI A physical map of the chicken genome SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MOUSE GENOME; BAC CLONES; INTEGRATION; SEQUENCE; SOFTWARE; LINKAGE AB Strategies for assembling large, complex genomes have evolved to include a combination of whole-genome shotgun sequencing and hierarchal map-assisted sequencing(1,2). Whole-genome maps of all types can aid genome assemblies, generally starting with low-resolution cytogenetic maps and ending with the highest resolution of sequence. Fingerprint clone maps are based upon complete restriction enzyme digests of clones representative of the target genome, and ultimately comprise a near-contiguous path of clones across the genome. Such clone-based maps are used to validate sequence assembly order, supply long-range linking information for assembled sequences, anchor sequences to the genetic map and provide templates for closing gaps. Fingerprint maps are also a critical resource for subsequent functional genomic studies, because they provide a redundant and ordered sampling of the genome with clones(3). In an accompanying paper(4) we describe the draft genome sequence of the chicken, Gallus gallus, the first species sequenced that is both a model organism and a global food source. Here we present a clone-based physical map of the chicken genome at 20-fold coverage, containing 260 contigs of overlapping clones. This map represents approximately 91% of the chicken genome and enables identification of chicken clones aligned to positions in other sequenced genomes. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Anim Breeding & Genet Grp, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. British Columbia Canc Agcy, Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada. RP Warren, WC (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, Campus Box 8501,4444 Forest Pk Ave, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. EM wwarren@watson.wustl.edu RI Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012; Aerts, Jan/C-4374-2008; Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Tang, Macy/B-9798-2014; Romanov, Michael/O-9419-2014 OI Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; Romanov, Michael/0000-0003-3584-4644 NR 19 TC 114 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7018 BP 761 EP 764 DI 10.1038/nature03030 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 877UE UT WOS:000225597200050 PM 15592415 ER PT J AU Fayer, R AF Fayer, R TI Cryptosporidium: a water-borne zoonotic parasite SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cryptosporidiosis; taxonomy; epidemiology; zoonoses; water; marine ID N. SP APICOMPLEXA; PARVUM OOCYSTS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; HUMAN FECES; LIFE-CYCLE; GIARDIA; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPE; SURVIVAL AB Of 155 species of mammals reported to be infected with Cryptosporidium parvum or C. parvum-like organisms most animals are found in the Orders Artiodactyla, Primates, and Rodentia. Because Cryptosporidium from most of these animals have been identified by oocyst morphology alone with little or no host specificity and/or molecular data to support identification it is not known how many of the reported isolates are actually C. parvum or other species. Cryptosporidiosis is a cause of morbidity and mortality in animals and humans, resulting primarily in diarrhea, and resulting in the most severe infections in immune-compromised individuals. Of 15 named species of Cryptosporidium infectious for nonhuman vertebrate hosts C. baileyi, C. canis, C. felis, C. hominis, C. meleagridis, C. muris, and C. parvum have been reported to also infect humans. Humans are the primary hosts for C. hominis, and except for C. parvum, which is widespread amongst nonhuman hosts and is the most frequently reported zoonotic species, the remaining species have been reported primarily in immunocompromised humans. The oocyst stage can remain infective under cool, moist conditions for many months, especially where water temperatures in rivers, lakes, and ponds remain low but above freezing. Surveys of surface water, groundwater, estuaries, and seawater have dispelled the assumption that Cryptosporidium oocysts are present infrequently and in geographically isolated locations. Numerous reports of outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis related to drinking water in North America, the UK, and Japan, where detection methods are in place, indicate that water is a major vehicle for transmission of cryptosporidiosis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 94 TC 291 Z9 313 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 37 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.004 PG 20 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 880XY UT WOS:000225824800004 PM 15567578 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, JP TI Toxoplasmosis - a waterborne zoonosis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis; oocyst; pathogenesis; biology; diagnosis; epidemiology ID NATURALLY INFECTED CATS; GONDII TISSUE CYSTS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; DRINKING-WATER; NEONATAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; FELINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; COCCIDIAN OOCYSTS; UNITED-STATES; SWINE FARMS AB Humans become infected with Toxoplasma gondii mainly by ingesting uncooked meat containing viable tissue cysts or by ingesting food or water contaminated with oocysts from the feces of infected cats. Circumstantial evidence suggests that oocyst-induced infections in humans are clinically more severe than tissue cyst-acquired infections. Until recently, water-borne transmission of T. gondii was considered uncommon but a large human outbreak linked to contamination of a municipal water reservoir in Canada by wild felids and the widespread infection by marine mammals in the USA provide reasons to question this view. The present paper reviews information on the biology of oocyst-induced infections of T. gondii in humans and animals and examines possible importance of transmission by water. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 99 TC 260 Z9 278 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 57 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.005 PG 16 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 880XY UT WOS:000225824800005 PM 15567579 ER PT J AU Zarlenga, DS Trout, JM AF Zarlenga, DS Trout, JM TI Concentrating, purifying and detecting waterborne parasites SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE waterborne parasites; detection; identification; Cryptosporidium; Giardia ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; REAL-TIME PCR; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; GIARDIA CYSTS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; ENCEPHALITOZOON-INTESTINALIS AB There has been recent emphasis on developing better methods for detecting diseases of zoonotic and veterinary importance. This has been prompted by an increase in human disease agents detectable in environmental samples, the potential for bioterrorism, and the lowering of international trade barriers and expansion of personal travel, which are bringing previously considered exotic diseases to new geographical localities. To appreciate the complexities of developing detection methods and working with environmental samples, it is appropriate to review technologies currently in use, as well as those in development and presently limited to research laboratories. Discussion of parasite detection would not be possible without including methods for parasite sampling, concentration, and purification because it is often necessary to process large sample volumes prior to analysis, and no reliable methods are available for significantly amplifying parasites in vitro. Reviewing proven methods currently in use will provide a baseline for generating, accepting and implementing the more sensitive and specific methods under development today. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Function Genom Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zarlenga, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Function Genom Lab, BARC E, Bldg 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zarlenga@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 98 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 195 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.001 PG 23 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 880XY UT WOS:000225824800011 PM 15567585 ER PT J AU Miller, LC Fox, JM AF Miller, LC Fox, JM TI Apoptosis and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; necrosis; PRRSV; arterivirus ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PROTEIN-KINASE PKR; IN-VIVO; RAT HEPATOCYTES; BCL-2 HOMOLOG; CYTOCHROME-C; INFECTION; INDUCTION; GENE AB Despite numerous studies examining the possible induction of apoptosis in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-infected cells, it remains unclear if PRRSV infection results in direct apoptotic induction. There is clear evidence that apoptotic cells are present in tissues from PRRSV-infected pigs. However, many of these studies have failed to show that the apoptotic cells are infected with PRRSV. This has led some investigators to propose that "bystander" cells, not infected cells, become apoptotic during PRRSV infection by a yet undetermined mechanism. Studies examining the induction of the apoptotic gene expression response to PRRSV infection are needed to determine if PRRSV replication triggers an apoptotic response. We have utilized microarray and semi -quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (sqRT-PCR) to evaluate apoptotic gene expression in PRRSV-infected MARC-145 cells. Twenty-six apoptosis-related genes were examined during the first 24 h of infection and found to be unaltered, indicating that apoptotic induction was not occurring in PRRSV-infected cells. Additionally, using detection of free nucleosomal complexes, we examined cells for both apoptotic and necrotic death resulting from PRRSV infection at varying multiplicities of infection. This study indicates that PRRSV-infected MARC-145 cells undergo necrosis at a much higher level than apoptosis, and increases with virus levels used to infect the cells. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Fox, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM fox@email.marc.usda.gov OI Miller, Laura/0000-0002-8946-9416 NR 63 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 3 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.004 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 870JT UT WOS:000225054100003 PM 15507300 ER PT J AU Royaee, AR Husmann, RJ Dawson, HD Calzada-Nova, G Schnitzlein, WM Zuckermann, FA Lunney, JK AF Royaee, AR Husmann, RJ Dawson, HD Calzada-Nova, G Schnitzlein, WM Zuckermann, FA Lunney, JK TI Deciphering the involvement of innate immune factors in the development of the host response to PRRSV vaccination SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE swine; cytokine gene regulation; T helper 1 immunity; anti-PRRSV immunity; IFNA adjuvant; inflammatory cytokines ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; INFECTED IN-UTERO; INTERFERON-ALPHA; IFN-GAMMA; PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; DNA VACCINATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MYCOPLASMA-HYOPNEUMONIAE; DIFFERENTIAL PRODUCTION AB The natural response of pigs to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections and vaccinations needs to be altered so that better protection is afforded against both homologous and heterologous challenges by this pathogen. To address this problem, real-time gene expression assays were coupled with cytokine Elispot and protein analyses to assess the nature of the anti-PRRSV response of pigs immunized with modified live virus (MLV) vaccine. Although T helper 1 (Th1) immunity was elicited in all vaccinated animals, as evidenced by the genesis of PRRSV-specific interferon-gamma secreting cells (IFNG SC), the overall extent of the memory response was variable and generally weak. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from these pigs responded to PRRSV exposure with a limited increase in their expression of the Th1 immune markers, IFNG, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-15 (IL15), and a reduction in the quantity of mRNAs encoding the innate and inflammatory proteins, IL1B, IL8 and IFNA. Efforts to enhance Th1 immunity, by utilizing an expression plasmid encoding porcine IFNA (pINA) as an adjuvant, resulted in a temporary increase in the frequency of PRRSV-specific IFNG SC but only minor changes overall in the expression of Th1 associated cytokine or innate immune marker mRNA by virus-stimulated PBMC. Administration of pINA, however, did correlate with decreased IL1B secretion by cultured, unstimulated PBMC but had no effect on their ability to release IFNG. Thus, while exogenous addition of IFNA during PRRSV vaccination has an impact on the development of a Th1 immune response, other alterations will be required for substantial boosting of virus-specific protection. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, APDL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zuckermann, FA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. EM fazaaa@uiuc.edu; jlunney@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 57 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 3 BP 199 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.018 PG 18 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 870JT UT WOS:000225054100009 PM 15507306 ER PT J AU Meier, WA Husmann, RJ Schnitzlein, WM Osorio, FA Lunney, JK Zuckermann, FA AF Meier, WA Husmann, RJ Schnitzlein, WM Osorio, FA Lunney, JK Zuckermann, FA TI Cytokines and synthetic double-stranded RNA augment the T helper 1 immune response of swine to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PRRS virus; interferon-alpha; interferon-gamma; interleukin-12; swine; cellular immunity ID PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS; TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS; INTERFERON-PRODUCING CELLS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; ISOLATE ATCC VR-2332; SYNDROME PRRS VIRUS; T-CELL; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; VIRAL-INFECTION; IN-VITRO AB Immunization of pigs with a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine initially elicits a weak interferon (IFN)-gamma response. To improve the immune response, an adjuvant consisting of plasmid encoding either porcine interleukin (IL)-12 or IFN-alpha was co-administered during vaccination. In the presence of either adjuvant, at least a threefold increase in the primary virus-specific IFN-gamma response was observed. While this enhancement was only transient (1 week) when the IL-12 expressing plasmid was used, the effect was not only still apparent at 6 weeks after vaccination in the presence of the IFN-alpha expressing plasmid but even after challenge with a virulent genetically divergent PRRSV. In contrast, no effect of either adjuvant on the production of anti-virus antibodies was noticed throughout the study. Despite the apparent augmentation of a T helper (Th) 1 type response by the inclusion of IFN-alpha or IL-12 during vaccination, this modulation did not necessarily correlate with a reduction in viremia. Since a similar increase in the degree of the TFN-gamma response to the PRRSV vaccine could be achieved by substituting polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in lieu of either cytokine, exposure to PRRSV in the presence of a variety of Th 1 polarizing molecules can positively influence the development of the cell-mediated immune response of swine to this pathogen. Conceivably, such intervention could be applied to improve the formulation of anti-PRRSV vaccines. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zuckermann, FA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. EM fazaaa@uiuc.edu NR 94 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 3 BP 299 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.012 PG 16 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 870JT UT WOS:000225054100016 PM 15507313 ER PT J AU Gemmell, NJ Schwartz, MK Robertson, BC AF Gemmell, NJ Schwartz, MK Robertson, BC TI Moa were many SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Dinornis; mtDNA; coalescent; population size; extinction ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; COALESCENT APPROACH; ANCIENT DNA; SEQUENCES; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; RATES; BIRDS; SIZE AB Until a few hundred years ago, New Zealand hosted several species of flightless ratite birds, collectively known as the moa. We have used mitochondrial sequence data for Dinornis, the largest of the moa, and new coalescent approaches to estimate its population size prior to human arrival ca. 1000-6000 years BP. We show that, as little as 1000 years ago, Dinornis numbered between 300 000 and 1.4 million and that the standing population of all moa species was ca. 3-12 million. This estimate is an order of magnitude larger than the accepted population estimate (ca. 159 000) for all moa species at the arrival of humans and suggests that moa numbers had already declined prior to human settlement. C1 Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Gemmell, NJ (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM neil.gemmell@canterbury.ac.nz RI Gemmell, Neil/C-6774-2009; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Gemmell, Neil/0000-0003-0671-3637; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 271 SU 6 BP S430 EP S432 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0234 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 884QJ UT WOS:000226100600014 PM 15801595 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Kaczmarek, K Williams, HJ Coast, GM Zabrocki, J AF Nachman, RJ Kaczmarek, K Williams, HJ Coast, GM Zabrocki, J TI An active insect kinin analog with 4-aminopyroglutamate, a novel cis-peptide bond, type VI beta-turn motif SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE 4-aminopyroglutamic acid; cis-peptide bond; beta-turn mimetic; constrained insect kinin analog ID NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY; CONFORMATIONAL MIMICRY; DIURETIC PEPTIDES; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; RING AB The insect kinins are potent diuretic peptides that preferentially form a cis-Pro, type VI beta-turn. An insect kinin analog containing (2S,4S)-4-aminopyroglutamate, a novel cis-peptide bond, type VI beta-turn motif demonstrates significant activity in the physiological range in a cricket diuretic assay. This is the first instance of a 4-aminopyroglutamate analog of a peptide with a preference for a type VI turn that demonstrates significant bioactivity. The results provide further confirmatory evidence for the active conformation of the insect kinins, and a new scaffold with which to design biostable, peptidomimetic analogs capable of disrupting critical insect kinin-regulated processes in insects. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, SO Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Organ Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2881 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu RI Kaczmarek, Krzysztof/H-5741-2012 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD DEC 5 PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 412 EP 419 DI 10.1002/bip.20155 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 872XR UT WOS:000225243300006 PM 15457492 ER PT J AU Abidi, SL AF Abidi, SL TI Capillary electrochromatography of sterols and related steryl esters derived from vegetable oils SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE capillary electrochromatography; elution pattern; octadecylsilica; phytosterol; stationary phases; steryl acetate; steryl benzoate; steryl ferulate; triacontylsilica; vegetable oil ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY PHASES; REVERSED-PHASE; CAROTENOID ISOMERS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEPARATION; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIOXIDANTS; ELUTION; PAIRS AB Capillary electrochromatographic (CEC) separations of plant sterols and related esters were evaluated under various conditions. Stationary phases included octadecylsilica (C-18) and triacontylsilica (C-30). Mobile phases comprised acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffers in aqueous or non-aqueous systems. Apart from notable differences in component resolution, both C-18 and C-30 phases had dramatic influence on the elution behavior of the title compounds. Generally, C-18 had greater selectivity for most components with elution patterns in consistence with the hydrophobicity of side chain structures, while no predictable trend of analyte elution was observed in CEC with C-30. In the latter column systems, analyte separations appeared to be improved by conversion to benzoates or ferulates. Twenty-four-epimers of campesterol acetate and 7-campestenol acetate as well as the campesterol-stigmasterol pair were readily resolved by CEC with either phase. However, the cholesterol-stigmasterol pair was barely resolved and had an elution order opposite to that of their acetates or benzoates. Potential applicability of the CEC technique in the analysis of sterols and sterol ferulates in vegetable oil is demonstrated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Abidi, SL (reprint author), 5751 N Kolb Rd,Apt 22104, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA. EM 6s34abidil8@comcast.net NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 1059 IS 1-2 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.016 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 875HY UT WOS:000225412200025 PM 15628142 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ Cox, RL Jones, WA AF Elzen, PJ Cox, RL Jones, WA TI Evaluation of food grade mineral oil treatment for varroa mite control SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; DESTRUCTOR; COUMAPHOS AB Food grade mineral oil (FGMO) applied with an insect fogger was evaluated for varroa mite control in honey bee colonies by comparison to an industry standard, coumaphos strips, and an untreated control group (eight colonies per treatment group). During the six-week test period, the Varroa populations increased in untreated colonies and those treated with FGMO, while those treated with coumaphos strips decreased greatly and, consequently, averaged 96.1 to 99.4% fewer Varroa than the untreated colonies at the end of the test period, by the alcohol wash and sticky board methods, respectively. In addition to providing no control for Varroa, FGMO applied in an insect fogger may pose a fire and/or other health hazard to beekeepers and bees. C1 ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Res Unit, KSARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Res Unit, KSARC, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 144 IS 12 BP 921 EP 923 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 876YA UT WOS:000225533500020 ER PT J AU Vance, NC Bernhardt, P Edens, RM AF Vance, NC Bernhardt, P Edens, RM TI Pollination and seed production in Xerophyllum tenax (Melanthiaceae) in the cascade range of central Oregon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE beargrass; Melanthiaceae; pollen; pollination seed production; self-incompatibility; Xerophyllum tenax ID ANGIOSPERMS AB Xerophyllum tenax is a mass-flowering, nectarless herb in which self-pollination is unavoidable as anthers shed pollen onto the three, receptive stigmatic ridges attached to each pistil within a few hours after expansion of the perianth. We compared the pollination system with reproductive success in this species through controlled, hand-pollination experiments. Ovaries of flowers sampled from unbagged inflorescences were visited by pollen-eating flies (primarily members of the family Syrphidae), beetles (primarily Cosmosalia and Epicauta spp.), and small bees, and produced normal-sized capsules and mature seeds. Ovaries of flowers from inflorescences bagged to prevent insect pollination produced small capsules containing undeveloped or no seeds. Epifluorescence analyses suggest that 0.95 of the uncovered flowers are cross-pollinated by insects with pollen tubes penetrating style and ovary tissue. Flowers show a "leaky" but early-acting self-incompatibility system. While hundreds of pollen tubes germinate on each stigmatic surface following self-pollination, few pollen tubes penetrate the stigmatic surface and none penetrate the ovary. In contrast, when stigmas are cross-pollinated by hand with pollen from a second inflorescence pollen tubes were seen penetrating style and ovary. Self-incompatibility in X. tenax parallels that of some species of Trillium, a sister genus within the Melanthiaceae. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Educ Studies, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Vance, NC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nvance@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 91 IS 12 BP 2060 EP 2068 DI 10.3732/ajb.91.12.2060 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 883OD UT WOS:000226021700014 PM 21652355 ER PT J AU Lapillonne, A Salle, BL Glorieux, FH Claris, O AF Lapillonne, A Salle, BL Glorieux, FH Claris, O TI Bone mineralization and growth are enhanced in preterm infants fed an isocaloric, nutrient-enriched preterm formula through term SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE bone mineralization; body composition; bone mineral content; mineral intake ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; BODY-COMPOSITION; PREMATURE-INFANTS; MOTHERS MILK; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ENERGY; SUPPLEMENTATION; AGE AB Background: Because recent data on the effects of mineral concentrations in preterm infant formula on bone mineralization are lacking, recommendations for the mineral content of preterm infant formula differ greatly between committees. Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the effects of an isocaloric, nutrient-enriched preterm formula, which was fed from the age when full enteral feedings were tolerated through expected term, on bone mineralization in preterm infants. Design: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind study in healthy, preterm infants (gestational age of 28-32 wk) who were fed either a control preterm formula (n = 20) or an isocaloric, nutrient-enriched preterm formula (n = 21) until 3 mo of age (ie, approximate expected term). Serum calcium indexes were taken throughout the study, and bone mass was determined by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at hospital discharge and expected term. Results: A total of 37 infants (experimental formula, n = 19; control formula, n = 18) completed the study. Compared with control subjects, infants fed the experimental formula had 25% and 40% higher intakes of calcium and phosphorus, respectively. Serum calcium, phosphorus, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations and urinary collagen type I cross-linked N-telopetide concentrations were not significantly different between the groups at any time point. The bone mineral content of infants fed the experimental formula was 23% (P = 0.039) and 35% (P = 0.002) higher at hospital discharge and expected term, respectively. Conclusions: Bone mineralization at hospital discharge and expected term was significantly higher in preterm infants fed the isocaloric, nutrient-enriched formula than in those fed control formula. Continuation of the experimental formula beyond hospital discharge, through expected term, further improved bone mineralization. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Hop Edouard Herriot, Dept Neonatol, Lyon, France. Shriners Hosp Children, Genet Unit, Montreal, PQ, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Lapillonne, A (reprint author), Hop St Vincent de Paul, Dept Neonatol & Nutr, 82 Ave Denfert Rochereau, F-74014 Paris, France. EM alexandre.lapillonne@svp.ap-hop-paris.fr NR 40 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1595 EP 1603 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 878DO UT WOS:000225626900020 PM 15585774 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, B TI Racial/ethnic considerations in making recommendations for vitamin D for adult and elderly men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vitamin D and Health in the 21st Century CY OCT 09-10, 2003 CL Bethesda, MD SP NCI, NIH, DHHS, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, USDA Agr Res Serv, NIAMS, DNRC, NIDDK, ORWH, Coca Cola N Amer, Natl Dairy Council DE vitamin D; bone mineral density; fractures; dietary requirement ID RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; BLACK-WOMEN; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; D SUPPLEMENTATION; HIP-FRACTURES; BONE TURNOVER; WHITE WOMEN; CALCIUM; OLDER; POPULATION AB Vitamin D is acquired through diet and skin exposure to ultraviolet B light. Skin production is determined by length of exposure, latitude, season, and degree of skin pigmentation. Blacks produce less vitamin D-3 than do whites in response to usual levels of sun exposure and have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in winter and summer. Blacks in the United States also use dietary supplements less frequently than do whites. However, blacks and whites appear to have similar capacities to absorb vitamin D and to produce vitamin D after repeated high doses of ultraviolet B light. There is a growing consensus that serum 25(OH)D concentrations of at least 75-80 nmol/L are needed for optimal bone health, on the basis of studies of older white subjects living in Europe and the United States. The studies show that increasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations to this level decreases parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations, decreases rates of bone loss, and reduces rates of fractures. Among US blacks, low 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with higher concentrations of PTH, which are associated with lower bone mineral density. Vitamin D supplements decrease PTH and bone turnover marker concentrations among blacks. These findings suggest that improving vitamin D status would benefit blacks as well as whites. On the basis of studies conducted in the temperate zone, the intake of vitamin D-3 needed to maintain a group average 25(OH)D concentration of 80 nmol/L in winter is similar to 1000 IU/d. Broad-based vitamin D supplementation is needed to remove vitamin D insufficiency as a contributing cause of osteoporosis. C1 Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Bone Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu NR 26 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 80 IS 6 SU S BP 1763S EP 1766S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 879ID UT WOS:000225708700016 PM 15585802 ER PT J AU Frana, TS Carlson, SA Rauser, DC Jones, BD Fergen, BJ Griffith, RW AF Frana, TS Carlson, SA Rauser, DC Jones, BD Fergen, BJ Griffith, RW TI Effects of microcin 24-producing Escherichia coli on shedding and multiple-antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ANTIBIOTICS; BACTERIA; INHIBITION; AVIRULENT; GENES AB Objective-To investigate the effect of an Escherichia coli that produced microcin 24 (Mcc24) on shedding of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in swine and evaluate evidence of in vivo activation of the Mcc24-mediated, multiple-antibiotic resistance (mar) operon. Animals-36 crossbred weaned pigs. Procedure-24 pigs were allocated to 2 groups (12 pigs/group). Pigs in 1 group received daily oral administration of an Mcc24-producing E coli, whereas the other group received a non-Mcc24-producing E coli. All pigs were challenge exposed with Salmonella Typhimurium chi4232. A third group of 6 pigs received Mcc24-producing E coli and was challenge exposed with an Mcc24-sensitive, marA-deleted strain of Salmonella Typhimurium 4232, After challenge exposure, fecal samples from all pigs were cultured to detect shedding of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were screened for resistance to ciprofloxacin. Fecal samples were collected throughout the study, and tissue samples were collected during necropsy. Results-Differences in shedding of Salmonella Typhimurium were not detected between groups receiving Mcc24-producing or non-Mcc24-producing E coli. No significant differences were found in quantitative analysis between groups receiving Mcc24-producing and non-Mcc24-producing E coli. Evidence of mar activation was not detected. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Microcin-producing E coli did not exert an effect on shedding of Salmonella Typhimurium or mar activation in pigs. It may be difficult or impractical to create the conditions required for Mcc24 to be an effective part of a food safety intervention to reduce shedding of Salmonella Typhimurium. C1 USDA ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Frana, TS (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, 510 S 17th St,Ste 104, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1616 EP 1620 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.1616 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 874FP UT WOS:000225336600002 PM 15631023 ER PT J AU Gregory, DJ Waldbieser, GC Bosworth, BG AF Gregory, DJ Waldbieser, GC Bosworth, BG TI Cloning and characterization of myogenic regulatory genes in three Ictalurid species SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE catfish; expression; follistatin; mapping; MYOD1; myogenin; myostatin; sequence ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BETA SUPERFAMILY MEMBER; CHANNEL CATFISH; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; MYOSTATIN GENE; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; MUSCLE GROWTH; TELEOST FISH; MYOD GENES; FOLLISTATIN AB We report sequence, tissue expression and map-position data for myogenin, MYOD1, myostatin and follistatin in three Ictalurid catfish species: channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), blue catfish (L furcatus) and white catfish (Ameiurus catus). These genes are involved in muscle growth and development in mammals and may play similar roles in catfish. Amino acid sequences were highly conserved among the three Ictalurid species (>95% identity), moderately conserved among catfish and zebrafish (approximately 80% identity), and less conserved among catfish and humans (approximately 40-60% identity) for all four genes. Gene structure (number of exons and introns and exon-intron boundaries) was conserved between catfish and other species for all genes. Myogenin and MYOD1 expression was limited to skeletal muscle in juvenile channel catfish, similar to expression patterns for these genes in other fish and mammalian species. Myostatin was expressed in a variety of tissues in juvenile channel catfish, a pattern common in other fish species but contrasting with data from mammals where myostatin is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle. Follistatin was expressed in juvenile catfish heart, testes and spleen. All four genes contained polymorphic microsatellite repeats in non-coding regions and linkage analysis based on inheritance of these microsatellite loci was used to place the genes on the channel catfish linkage map. Information provided in this study will be useful in further studies to determine the role these genes play in muscle growth and development in catfish. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bosworth, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bbosworth@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 30 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01193.x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 883YD UT WOS:000226050900001 PM 15566463 ER PT J AU Casas, E Lunstra, DD Stone, RT AF Casas, E Lunstra, DD Stone, RT TI Quantitative trait loci for male reproductive traits in beef cattle SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE genetic markers; male reproduction; quantitative trait; reproductive traits ID AFFECTING TWINNING RATE; BOVINE GENOME; BULLS AB The objective of the present study was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for male reproductive traits in a half-sib family from a Bos indicus (Brahman) x Bos taurus (Hereford) sire. The sire was mated with MARC 111 (1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Red Poll and 1/4 Pinzgauer) cows. Testicular traits were measured from 126 male offspring born in 1996 and castrated at 8.5 months. Traits analysed were concentration of follicle stimulating hormone in peripheral blood at castration (FSH), paired testicular weight (PTW) and paired testicular volume (PTV) adjusted for age of dam, calculated age at puberty (AGE), and body weight at castration (BYW). A putative QTL was observed for FSH on chromosome 5. The maximum F-statistic was detected at 70 cM from the beginning of the linkage group. Animals inheriting the Hereford allele had a 2.47-ng/ml higher concentration of FSH than those inheriting the Brahman allele. Evidence also suggests the existence of a putative QTL on chromosome 29 for PTW, PTV, AGE and BYW. The maximum F-statistic was detected at cM 44 from the beginning of the linkage group for PTW, PTV and AGE, and at cM 52 for BYW. Animals that inherited the Brahman allele at this chromosomal region had a 45-g heavier PTW, a 42-cm(3) greater PTV, a 39-day younger AGE and a 22.8-kg heavier BYW, compared with those inheriting the Hereford allele. This is the first report of QTL for male reproductive traits in cattle. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM casas@email.marc.usda.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 451 EP 453 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01190.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 883YD UT WOS:000226050900005 PM 15566467 ER PT J AU Civanova, K Knoll, A Rohrer, GA Cepica, S AF Civanova, K Knoll, A Rohrer, GA Cepica, S TI Linkage mapping of the MC3R gene to porcine chromosome 17 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID RECEPTOR; GENOME; OBESITY; MOUSE; MAP C1 Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, CR-27721 Libechov, Czech Republic. Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Dept Genet, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Cepica, S (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, CR-27721 Libechov, Czech Republic. EM cepica@iapg.cas.cz RI Knoll, Ales/D-6896-2012; Civanova, Kristina/G-1182-2014; Cepica, Stanislav/G-7180-2014 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 467 EP 469 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01191.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 883YD UT WOS:000226050900011 PM 15566473 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Rohrer, GA Vallet, JL Christenson, RK Nonneman, D AF Kim, JG Rohrer, GA Vallet, JL Christenson, RK Nonneman, D TI Addition of 14 anchored loci to the porcine chromosome 8 comparative map SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID AFFECTING OVULATION RATE; CORPORA-LUTEA; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; PIGS; IDENTIFICATION; NUMBER; GENOME; SWINE C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Nonneman, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM nonneman@email.marc.usda.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 474 EP 476 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01197.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 883YD UT WOS:000226050900015 PM 15566477 ER PT J AU Mickelson, JR Wagner, ML Goh, G Wu, JT Morrison, LY Alexander, LJ Raudsepp, T Skow, LC Chowdhary, BP Swinburne, JE Binns, MM AF Mickelson, JR Wagner, ML Goh, G Wu, JT Morrison, LY Alexander, LJ Raudsepp, T Skow, LC Chowdhary, BP Swinburne, JE Binns, MM TI Thirty-five new equine microsatellite loci assigned to genetic linkage and radiation hybrid maps SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Anim Hlth Trust, Newmarket CB8 7UU, Suffolk, England. RP Mickelson, JR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, 295 ASVM,1988 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM micke001@umn.edu NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 481 EP 484 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01206.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 883YD UT WOS:000226050900020 PM 15566482 ER PT J AU Wagner, ML Goh, G Wu, JT Morrison, LY Alexander, LJ Raudsepp, T Skow, LC Chowdhary, BP Mickelson, JR AF Wagner, ML Goh, G Wu, JT Morrison, LY Alexander, LJ Raudsepp, T Skow, LC Chowdhary, BP Mickelson, JR TI Sixty-seven new equine microsatellite loci assigned to the equine radiation hybrid map SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID LINKAGE MAP C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mickelson, JR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, 295 ASVM,1988 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM micke001@umn.edu NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 484 EP 486 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01205.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 883YD UT WOS:000226050900021 PM 15566483 ER PT J AU Koti, S Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Zhao, D Reddy, VR AF Koti, S Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Zhao, D Reddy, VR TI Soybean (Glycine max) pollen germination characteristics, flower and pollen morphology in response to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE floral morphology; Glycine max; pollen germination; pollen morphology; ultraviolet-B radiation ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; HEAT-STRESS; OZONE DEPLETION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; IN-VITRO; FIELD; GROWTH; PLANTS; TAXA AB Background and Aims Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation effect on reproductive parts of the plants has received little attention. We studied the influence of UV-B radiation on flower and pollen morphology, pollen production and in vitro pollen germination and tube growth of six genotypes of soybean (Glycine max). Methods Soybean genotypes were investigated by growing them under four levels of biologically effective UV-B radiation of 0 (control), 5. 10 and 15 kJ m(-1) d(-1) in sunlit controlled-environment chambers. Key Results Reductions in lengths of flower, standard petal, and staminal column along with reduced pollen production. germination and tube growth were observed in all genotypes with increasing UV-B radiation. Combined response index (CRI). the sum of percentage relative responses in flower size, pollen production, pollen germination and tube growth due to UV-B radiation varied with UV-B dosage: -67 to -152 with 5 kJ m(-2) d(-1), -90 to -212 with 10 0 in-2 d- 1, and - 118 to -248 with 15 kJ M d of UV-B compared to controls. Genotypes were classified based on the UV-B sensitivity index (USI) calculated as CRI per unit UV-B, where D 90-9216, DG 5630RR and D 88-5320 were classified as tolerant (USI > -7(.)43). and DP4933RR, Stalwart III and PI 471938 were sensitive (USI < -7(.)43) in their response to UV-B radiation. Pollen grains produced in plants grown at 15 W m(-2) d(-1) UV-B radiation were shrivelled and lacked apertures compared to control and other UV-B treatments in both sensitive and tolerant genotypes. and the differences were more conspicuous in the sensitive genotype (PI 47 1938) than in the tolerant genotype (D 90-9216). The number of columellae heads of the exine was reduced with increasing UV-B radiation. Conclusions Soybean genotypes varied in their reproductive response to UV-B radiation. The identified UV-B tolerant genotypes could be used in future breeding programmes. (C) 2004 Annals of Botany Company. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555,117 Dorman Hall, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM krreddy@ra.msstate.edu RI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; OI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 47 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 855 EP 864 DI 10.1093/aob/mch212 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 879GD UT WOS:000225703500010 PM 15466876 ER PT J AU Lewis, DE Ng-Tang, D Mersmann, H Balasubramanyam, A AF Lewis, DE Ng-Tang, D Mersmann, H Balasubramanyam, A TI Interactions between T lymphocytes and preadipocytes increase HIV production and apoptosis of lymphocytes and block adipocyte differentiation SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Washington, DC C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 MA 045 BP L29 EP L29 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 960TL UT WOS:000231616000074 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S Cottrell, B AF Bhaduri, S Cottrell, B TI Survival of cold-stressed Campylobacter jejuni on ground chicken and chicken skin during frozen storage SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; MEAT; EFFICACY; FOODS; MEDIA; BEEF AB Campylobacter jejuni is prevalent in poultry, but the effect of combined refrigerated and frozen storage on its survival, conditions relevant to poultry processing and storage, has not been evaluated. Therefore, the effects of refrigeration at 4degreesC, freezing at -20degreesC, and a combination of refrigeration and freezing on the survival of C. jejuni in ground chicken and on chicken skin were examined. Samples were enumerated using tryptic soy agar containing sheep's blood and modified cefoperazone charcoal deoxycholate agar. Refrigerated storage alone for 3 to 7 days produced a reduction in cell counts of 0.34 to 0.81 log(10) CFU/g in ground chicken and a reduction in cell counts of 0.31 to 0.63 log(10) CFU/g on chicken skin. Declines were comparable for each sample type using either plating medium. Frozen storage, alone and with prerefrigeration, produced a reduction in cell counts of 0.56 to 1.57 log(10) CFU/g in ground chicken and a reduction in cell counts of 1.38 to 3.39 log(10) CFU/g on chicken skin over a 2-week period. The recovery of C. jejuni following freezing was similar on both plating media. The survival following frozen storage was greater in ground chicken than on chicken skin with or without prerefrigeration. Cell counts after freezing were lower on chicken skin samples that had been prerefrigerated for 7 days than in those that had been prerefrigerated for 0, 1, or 3 days. This was not observed for ground chicken samples, possibly due to their composition. C. jejuni survived storage at 4 and -20degreesC with either sample type. This study indicates that, individually or in combination, refrigeration and freezing are not a substitute for safe handling and proper cooking of poultry. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM sbhaduri@arserrc.gov NR 29 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 BP 7103 EP 7109 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7103-7109.2004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 879LM UT WOS:000225719300021 PM 15574906 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM Bagi, LK Bush, EJ Solow, BT AF Fratamico, PM Bagi, LK Bush, EJ Solow, BT TI Prevalence and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in swine feces recovered in the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Swine 2000 Study SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; EDEMA DISEASE; VIRULENCE GENES; MULTIPLEX PCR; PIGS; STRAINS; VEROTOXIN; CATTLE; O157-H7; FOOD AB A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in swine feces in the United States as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Swine 2000 study. Fecal samples collected from swine operations from 13 of the top 17 swine-producing states were tested for the presence of STEC. After enrichment of swine fecal samples in tryptic soy broth, the samples were tested for the presence of stx(1) and stx(2) by use of the TaqMan E. coli STX1 and STX2 PCR assays. Enrichments of samples positive for stx(1) and/or stx(2) were plated, and colony hybridization was performed using digoxigenin-labeled probes complementary to the stx(1) and stx(2) genes. Positive colonies were picked and confirmed by PCR for the presence of the stx(1), stx(2), or stx(2e), genes, and the isolates were serotyped. Out of 687 fecal samples tested using the TaqMan assays, 70% (484 of 687) were positive for Shiga toxin genes, and 54% (370 of 687), 64% (436 of 687), and 38% (261 of 687) were positive for stx(1), Stx(2), and both toxin genes, respectively. Out of 219 isolates that were characterized, 29 (13%) produced stx(1), 14 (6%) produced Stx(2), and 176 (80%) produced Stx(2e). Twenty-three fecal samples contained at least two STEC strains that had different serotypes but that had the same toxin genes or included a strain that possessed stx(1) in addition to a strain that possessed Str(2) or stx(2e). The STEC isolates belonged to various serogroups, including O2, O5, O7, O8, O9, OX10, O11, O15, OX18, O20, O57, O65, O68, O69, O78, O91, O96, O100, O101, O120, O121, O152, O159, O160, O163, and O untypeable. It is noteworthy that no isolates of serogroup O157 were recovered. Results of this study indicate that swine in the United States harbor STEC that can potentially cause human illness. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA, Ctr Natl Anim Hlth Surveillance, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid La, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pfratamico@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 BP 7173 EP 7178 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7173-7178.2004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 879LM UT WOS:000225719300029 PM 15574914 ER PT J AU Richards, GP Watson, MA Fankhauser, RL Monroe, SS AF Richards, GP Watson, MA Fankhauser, RL Monroe, SS TI Genogroup I and II noroviruses detected in stool samples by real-time reverse transcription-PCR using highly degenerate universal primers SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; UNITED-STATES; RT-PCR; INFECTION; OUTBREAKS AB Genogroup I noroviruses from five genetic clusters and genogroup II noroviruses from eight genetic clusters were detected in stool extracts using degenerate primers and single-tube, real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) with SYBR Green detection. Two degenerate primer sets, designated MON 431-433 and MON 432-434, were designed from consensus sequences from the major clusters of norovirus based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region of the norovirus genome. Viruses were extracted from stool samples within 20 min using a viral RNA extraction kit. Real-time RT-PCR for noroviruses generated semiquantitative results by means of the cycle threshold data and dilution endpoint standard curves. Presumptive product verification was achieved by evaluation of first-derivative melt graphs. Multiple clusters of noroviruses were identified simultaneously in a multiplex fashion by virtue of slight differences in melting temperature. The detection of 13 different genetic clusters suggests that the MON primers may serve as universal primers for most, if not all, of the noroviruses in a multiplex assay. Our technique provides a framework for broad application of real-time RT-PCR in clinical, environmental, and food testing laboratories for a wide range of noroviruses. C1 Delaware State Univ, James WW Baker Ctr, USDA ARS, Dover, DE 19901 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Richards, GP (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, James WW Baker Ctr, USDA ARS, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM grichard@desu.edu OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 15 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 BP 7179 EP 7184 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7179-7184.2004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 879LM UT WOS:000225719300030 PM 15574915 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Fayer, R Trout, JM Ryan, UA Schaefer, FW Xiao, LH AF Zhou, L Fayer, R Trout, JM Ryan, UA Schaefer, FW Xiao, LH TI Genotypes of Cryptosporidium species infecting fur-bearing mammals differ from those of species infecting humans SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; WILDLIFE RODENTS; HUMAN FECES; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; RESERVOIR; OOCYSTS; PARVUM; GIARDIA AB Of 471 specimens examined from foxes, raccoons, muskrats, otters, and beavers living in wetlands adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay, 36 were positive for five types of Cryptosporidium, including the C. canis dog and fox genotypes, Cryptosporidium muskrat genotypes I and II, and Cryptosporidium skunk genotype. Thus, fur-bearing mammals in watersheds excreted host-adapted Cryptosporidium oocysts that are not known to be of significant public health importance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 22 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 BP 7574 EP 7577 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7574-7577.2004 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 879LM UT WOS:000225719300080 PM 15574965 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Papiernik, SK Yang, CH AF Ibekwe, AM Papiernik, SK Yang, CH TI Enrichment and molecular characterization of chloropicrin- and metam-sodium-degrading microbial communities SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; CHICKEN MANURE; SOIL; DEGRADATION; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; BACTERIA; VOLATILIZATION; BIODEGRADATION AB Chloropicrin (CP) and metam sodium are commonly used as fumigants in agricultural soils in order to provide effective control of nematodes, soil-borne pathogens, and weeds in preparation for planting of high-value cash crops. Repeated application of these compounds to agricultural soils for many years may result in the enrichment of microorganisms capable of degrading them. In this study, a microcosm-enrichment approach was used to investigate bacterial populations that may be components of metam-sodium- and CP-degrading microorganisms in compost-amended soils. After 6 months incubation, with repeated application of metam sodium and CP, degradation was greater than or equal to 70% faster in compost-manure-amended (CM) soil compared to less than or equal to 50% in the unamended soils. The accelerated fumigant degradation may have been due to the addition of compost or to the development of new microbial populations with enhanced degradation capacity. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE) profiles of PCR-amplified regions of 16S rRNA genes were used to identify dominant bacterial populations responsible for the accelerated fumigant degradation. The DGGE results indicated that specific bacterial types had been enriched and these were similar to strains isolated from basal minimal media. Fragments from DGGE bands and colonies were cloned, sequenced, and compared with published 16S rRNA sequences. Cloned sequences were dominated by Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Mycobacterium and uncultured bacterial species. The addition of organic amendment to soil during fumigation practices has the potential to increase the diversity of different microbial species, thereby accelerating fumigant degradation and reducing atmospheric emissions. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM aibekwe@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 66 IS 3 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1007/s00253-004-1700-9 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 872RF UT WOS:000225225300015 PM 15309337 ER PT J AU Riche, M Garling, DL AF Riche, M Garling, DL TI Effect of phytic acid on growth and nitrogen retention in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE nitrogen retention; Oreochromis niloticus; phytase; phytic acid; tilapia ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; FISH-MEAL; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; DIETARY-PROTEIN; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of phytic acid on nitrogen retention in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The first experiment utilized graded levels of soybean meal (SBM) with or without hydrolysis of phytic acid. The second experiment utilized diets containing graded levels of purified phytic acid. In the first experiment, weight gain was inversely related to SBM inclusion beyond 250 g kg(-1) of the crude protein (CP). Broken-line and quadratic models were applied to the growth data. The models suggest limiting inclusion to 380 and 170 g kg(-1) CP for untreated and phytase treated SBM, respectively. The two SBM treatments exhibited similar trends in efficiency parameters. However, significant differences (P < 0.05) within treatments appeared when phytase treated SBM surpassed 250 g kg(-1) CP, but not until 750 g kg(-1) CP with untreated SBM. At similar rates of SBM incorporation, apparent net protein utilizations with untreated SBM were significantly higher beyond 250 g kg(-1) CP (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, phytic acid did not affect efficiency parameters until the concentration was twice that in diets incorporating SBM as 1000 g kg(-1) CP in a 330 g kg(-1) CP diet. Phytic acid does not reduce nitrogen retention in tilapia, and its removal from SBM may decrease nitrogen retention. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48426 USA. RP Riche, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 US Highway 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM mriche@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 389 EP 400 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00314.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 872DN UT WOS:000225187600005 ER PT J AU Lam, N Letchworth, G AF Lam, N Letchworth, G TI A derivative of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) UL3.5 lacking the last forty amino acids inhibits replication of BoHV-1 SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPEN READING FRAME; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS-REPLICATION; VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE; TRANSDOMINANT INHIBITION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS; TRANSGENIC MICE; PROTEIN; TYPE-1 AB Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) UL3.5 is a tegument protein that interacts with BoHV-1 alpha-transinducing factor (alphaBTIF). In this report, we show that a truncated UL3.5 lacking the last 40 amino acids (C40UL3.5) inhibited replication of BoHV-1. Stable expression of C40UL3.5 in MDBK cells inhibited replication of BoHV-1 300- to 500-fold in plaque assays. This inhibitory effect was specific for BoHV-1 as cells expressing C40UL3.5 supported replication of pseudorabies virus ( species Suid herpesvirus 1, SuHV-1) and herpes simplex virus ( species Human herpesvirus 1, HHV-1) to normal levels. In contrast, a truncated UL3.5 which lacked the first 20 amino acids and did not interact with aBTIF did not inhibit BoHV-1 replication. In the C40UL3.5-expressing cells infected with BoHV-1, expression of the viral immediate early gene BICP4 and the early protein gB were reduced and delayed. C40UL3.5, when either transiently or stably expressed, inhibited alphaBTIF-mediated transactivation of a BoHV-1 immediate-early promoter. C40UL3.5 may be useful for constructing transgenic cattle resistant to infection by BoHV-1. C1 USDA ARLS ABADRL, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Hlth & Biomed Sci, Madison, WI USA. RP Letchworth, G (reprint author), USDA ARLS ABADRL, Ag Bldg,Room 5031,Dept 3354,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM gjl3@uwyo.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 149 IS 12 BP 2295 EP 2306 DI 10.1007/s00705-004-0388-6 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 873TF UT WOS:000225303200002 PM 15338323 ER PT J AU Filgueira, DMP Mozgovoj, M Wigdorovitz, A Santos, MJD Parreno, V Trono, K Fernandez, FM Carrillo, C Babiuk, LA Morris, TJ Borca, MV AF Filgueira, DMP Mozgovoj, M Wigdorovitz, A Santos, MJD Parreno, V Trono, K Fernandez, FM Carrillo, C Babiuk, LA Morris, TJ Borca, MV TI Passive protection to bovine rotavirus (BRV) infection induced by a BRV VP8* produced in plants using a TMV-based vector SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREGNANT CATTLE; CELL ATTACHMENT; MURINE MODEL; PROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION; EXPRESSION; ANTIBODIES; MICE; PURIFICATION; VACCINES AB We have previously reported on the use of a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) vector TMV-30B to express foreign viral antigens for use as experimental immunogens. Here we describe the development of an improved TMV-30B vector that adds a sequence of 7 histidine residues to the C-terminus of recombinant proteins expressed in the vector. We used this TMV-30B-HISc vector to express the VP8* fragment of the VP4 protein from bovine rotavirus (BRV) strain C-486 in plants. Recombinant VP8* protein was purified from N. benthamiana leaves at 7 days post-inoculation by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The plant-produced VP8* was initially detected using anti-His tag mAb and its antigenic nature was confirmed using both monoclonal and polyclonal specific antisera directed against BRV. Adult female mice, inoculated by the intraperinoteal route with an immunogen containing 4 mug of recombinant VP8*, developed a specific and sustained response to the native VP8* from the homologous BRV. Eighty five percent of suckling mice from immunized dams that were challenged with the homologous virus at the fifth day of age were protected from virus as compared to 35% of the pups from mothers immunized with a control protein. These results demonstrate that the plant-producedVP8* was able to induce passive protection in the newborn through the immunization of dams. This suggests that the technology presented here provides a simple method for using plants as an inexpensive alternative source for production of recombinant anti-rotavirus antigens. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Beadle Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. INTA, Ctr Invest Ciencias Vet & Agron, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Vet Infect Dis Org, Greenport, NY USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Filgueira, DMP (reprint author), INIA Madrid, Dept Biotecnol, Ctra A Coruna Km 7, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM mperez@inia.es OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 149 IS 12 BP 2337 EP 2348 DI 10.1007/s00705-004-0379-7 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 873TF UT WOS:000225303200005 ER PT J AU Miller, LC Laegreid, WW Bono, JL Chitko-McKown, CG Fox, JM AF Miller, LC Laegreid, WW Bono, JL Chitko-McKown, CG Fox, JM TI Interferon type I response in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected MARC-145 cells SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY FACTOR-7; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; SITU HYBRIDIZATION; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION; PRRSV; PIGS; GENE; VIVO; RNA AB Infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ( PRRSV) results in a weak induction of the innate immune response. There are many genes that collectively comprise this response and the extent to which each gene responds to PRRSV infection is unclear and warrants further investigation. To this end, we have utilized real-time PCR using SYBR Green I dye-based detection to quantify transcript abundance of the type I interferons (IFN-alpha and -beta) and IFN-beta transcriptional enhanceasome genes. In MARC-145 cells, both IFN-alpha and -beta transcript abundance were unaffected by PRRSV infection. However, stimulation of MARC-145 cells by exogenous double-stranded RNA, resulted in significant increases in transcript abundance of both IFN-alpha and -beta as well as IFN-beta enhanceasome components, indicating that a type I IFN response could be induced in these cells. The double-stranded RNA induction of type I IFN transcription was significantly inhibited by dual-exposure with PRRSV. These results suggest that PRRSV infection directly interferes with type I IFN transcriptional activation early in its pathway, at the level of IFN-beta gene transcription. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Anim Hlth Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Fox, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Anim Hlth Res Unit, State Spur 18D,POB 166,Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM fox@email.marc.usda.gov OI Miller, Laura/0000-0002-8946-9416 NR 36 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 149 IS 12 BP 2453 EP 2463 DI 10.1007/s00705-004-0377-9 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 873TF UT WOS:000225303200014 PM 15338318 ER PT J AU Solomons, NW Kaufer-Horwitz, M Bermudez, OI AF Solomons, NW Kaufer-Horwitz, M Bermudez, OI TI Harmonization for Mesoamerican nutrient-based recommendations: Regional unification or national specification? SO ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS DE NUTRICION LA Spanish DT Article DE nutrient recommendations; dietary reference intakes; recommended dietary allowances; Mesoamerica; Latin America ID BODY-COMPOSITION; HUMANS; CALCIUM; IRON; DIET AB Mesoamerica, the area we focus for this paper, is a section of Latin America that extends from Central Mexico to Panama. The deliberations of international committees are the primary bases for their nutrient-based recommendations. To a smaller extent, the unique particularities of the bioavailability for one or another nutrient have been considered. The nutrient recommendations throughout the region are "relatively" uniform and mutually consistent with respect to: iron, iodine and most of the B-complex vitamins. Discrepancies exist among the various sets of recommendations for other nutrients. A valid basis of harmonization would not be unification of recommendations across all nationalities, but rather assuring a consistency in the nutrient profile that is recommended provides the nutrient exposures and/or fills the body's reserves as best suits the goals of survival, growth, well-being and function within the ecological niche of the population. That the recommendations for nutrients must be satisfied from foods, foods that are accessible and culturally acceptable, and that approximate the parallel demands of food-based dietary guidelines, add additional constraints onto the process of enunciating the former. C1 CESSIAM, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Fdn Mexican Salud, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. USDA, Jean Meyer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Solomons, NW (reprint author), CESSIAM, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RI Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha/A-3789-2015 OI Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha/0000-0003-3489-6899 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS NUTRICION PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 62778 CHACAO, AVENIDA FRANCISCO MIRANDA, CARACAS 1060, VENEZUELA SN 0004-0622 J9 ARCH LATINOAM NUTR JI Arch. Latinoam. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 4 BP 363 EP 373 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 930KF UT WOS:000229414000001 PM 15969260 ER PT J AU Kajinami, K Takekoshi, N Brousseau, ME Schaefer, EJ AF Kajinami, K Takekoshi, N Brousseau, ME Schaefer, EJ TI Pharmacogenetics of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: exploring the potential for genotype-based individualization of coronary heart disease management SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Review DE coronary heart disease; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; pharmacogenetics ID HETEROZYGOUS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; LDL-RECEPTOR GENE; TRANSFER PROTEIN GENE; PLASMA-LIPID LEVELS; SCANDINAVIAN SIMVASTATIN SURVIVAL; CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING RESPONSE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E POLYMORPHISM; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; APO-E POLYMORPHISM AB Despite the benefit of statin therapy in the prevention of coronary heart disease, a considerable inter-individual variation exists in its response. It is well recognized that genetic variation can contribute to differences in drug disposition and, consequently, clinical efficacy at the population level. Pharmacogenetics, exploring genetic polymorphisms that influence response to drug therapy, may one day allow the clinician to customize treatment strategies for patients in order to improve the success rate of drug therapies. To date, 41 studies have investigated the relationships between common genetic variants and response to statin therapy in terms of lipid effects and clinical outcomes; 16 candidate genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism and 3 in pharmacokinetics. APOE is the most extensively studied locus, and absolute difference in LDL cholesterol reduction across genotypes remained 3-6%. Moreover, none of the associations was striking enough to justify genetic analysis in clinical practice. Reported data have suggested that larger studies (>1000 participants) or combination analyses with >2 different polymorphisms would enable us to find clinically or biologically meaningful difference, which could be assumed as >10% absolute difference, and that genes influencing cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver, such as ABCG5/G8, CYP7A1, HMGCR, would be good candidates for future studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kajinami, K (reprint author), Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. EM kajinami@kanazawa-med.ac.jp FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL074753] NR 111 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 177 IS 2 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.09.004 PG 16 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 883BR UT WOS:000225985600001 PM 15530894 ER PT J AU Shai, I Stampfer, MJ Ma, J Manson, JE Hankinson, SE Cannuscio, C Selhub, J Curhan, G Rimm, EB AF Shai, I Stampfer, MJ Ma, J Manson, JE Hankinson, SE Cannuscio, C Selhub, J Curhan, G Rimm, EB TI Homocysteine as a risk factor for coronary heart diseases and its association with inflammatory biomarkers, lipids and dietary factors SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; biomarkers; postmenopausal ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; REFERENCE INTERVALS; METAANALYSIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ACTIVATION; MARKERS AB The causal relation of total Homocysteine (tHcy) to coronary heart diseases (CHD) is unclear. In vitro studies suggest a proinflammatory effect. Among 32,826 women from the Nurses' Health Study who provided blood samples in 1989-1990, 237 CHD events were documented during 8 years of follow-up. The cases (1:2) were matched to controls on age, smoking, and month of blood draw. Plasma tHcy was inversely associated with blood levels of folate (partial r = -0.3, P < 0.0001) and B1(2) (r = -0.2, P < 0.0001) and with dietary intake of folate (r = -0.1, P < 0.01) and B-2 vitamin (r = -0.1, P = 0.01). tHcy was positively associated with soluble tumor necrosis receptor (sTNF-R) 1 and 2 (partial r = 0.2, P < 0.0001). In a multivariate model adjusted for age, smoking, BMI, parental history, hypertension, diabetes, postmenopausal hormone use, physical activity and alcohol intake, the relative risk of CHD between the extreme quartiles of tHcy was 1.66 (95% CI; 1.05-2.64, P trend = 0.02). The association was not appreciably attenuated after further adjustments for sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, CRP, or Total Cholesterol:/HDL-c ratio. tHcy is an independent risk predictor of CHD and modestly associated with TNF-receptors. However, the inflammatory biomarkers measured could not explain its role in CHD. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham Women Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Brigham Women Hosp, Dept Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA USA. Merck & Co Inc, Merck Res Labs, Whitehouse Stn, NJ USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Epidemiol, S Daniel Abraham Int Ctr Hlth & Nutr, Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Rimm, EB (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM eric.rimm@channing.harvard.edu RI Cannuscio, Carolyn/A-1123-2007 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA18293, CA42182] NR 43 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 177 IS 2 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.07.020 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 883BR UT WOS:000225985600020 PM 15530913 ER PT J AU Desjardins, RL Denmead, OT Harper, L McBain, M Masse, D Kaharabata, S AF Desjardins, RL Denmead, OT Harper, L McBain, M Masse, D Kaharabata, S TI Evaluation of a micrometeorological mass balance method employing an open-path laser for measuring methane emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic methane emissions; mean horizontal flux; recovery rates; open-path laser-based gas analyzers; mass balance method ID RUMINANTS; SHEEP AB In trials of a mass balance method for measuring methane (CH4) emissions, sonic anemometers and an open-path laser were used to measure the transport of CH4 released from a ground-level source across a downwind face 50 m long and 6 m high. Release rates matched emissions expected from dairy herds of 2 to 40 cows. The long laser path permitted inferences from measurements in only two planes, one upwind and one downwind, while the fast-response instruments allowed calculation of instantaneous horizontal fluxes rather than fluxes calculated from mean wind speeds and mean concentrations. The detection limit of the lasers was 0.02ppmv, with the separation between the transmitters and reflectors being about 50 m. The main conclusions from the 23 trials were: (1) Emissions calculated from mean wind speeds and concentrations overestimated the true emissions calculated from instantaneous measurements by 5%: (2) Because of small changes in methane concentration, the minimum sample size in animal trials would be 10 dairy cows, producing about 40 mg CH4 s(-1). (3) For release rates greater than 40 mg CH4 s(-1) and with sufficient replication, the technique could detect a change in production rate of 9% (Pmuch less than = 0.05). (4) Attention to perceived weaknesses in the present technique should help towards detecting changes of 5%. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Lennoxville, PQ J1M 1Z3, Canada. RP Desjardins, RL (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, KW Neatby Bldg,960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM desjardins@agr.gc.ca RI Denmead, Owen/A-7087-2009 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 38 IS 39 BP 6855 EP 6866 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.008 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881EO UT WOS:000225846400016 ER PT J AU Witter, RL Kreager, KS AF Witter, RL Kreager, KS TI Serotype 1 viruses modified by backpassage or insertional mutagenesis: Approaching the threshold of vaccine efficacy in Marek's disease SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; vaccine; attenuation; backpassage; insertional mutagenesis ID HERPESVIRUS; PROTECTION; STRAINS; ATTENUATION; CHICKENS; ONCOGENICITY; INDUCTION; ANTIBODY; TURKEYS; SAFETY AB Improved vaccines to control Marek's disease (MD) in chickens are desired by the poultry industry but have been difficult to develop. Studies were conducted to evaluate strategies for deriving MD vaccines of high protective efficacy, irrespective of virulence. Candidate viruses from parent strains representing v and vv+ pathotypes were modified by cell culture passage, backpassage in chickens, or insertional mutagenesis following cocultivation with retroviruses. Ten strains considered most likely to exhibit high protective efficacy were selected for further study. The ability of these modified viruses to protect commercial or maternal antibody-positive (ab+) chickens against virulent MD virus (MDV) challenge was compared with that of strain CV1988, the standard commercial MID vaccine. Modified strains were also evaluated for the ability to induce lymphomas or other pathologic changes in ab+ and antibody-negative (ab-) chickens. Two of the 10 modified viruses, strains RMI and CV1988/BP5, provided high levels of protection against highly virulent MDV challenge. The magnitude of protection was greater than that of one laboratory and two commercial preparations of CV1988, bur was approximately equal to that of two other commercial preparations of CV1988 in laboratory and field tests. Three of the strains, including PM I and CV1988/BP5, induced lymphoid organ atrophy in ab-chicks but not in ab+ commercial chicks, a property designated here as L phenotype. Seven strains, including two L+ strains, were mildly oncogenic for ab- chicks, a property designated here as 0 phenotype. Five of these strains caused no tumors in ab+ chickens. The two fully attenuated strains induced neither lymphomas nor lymphoid organ atrophy. The L and 0 phenotypes appeared not to be linked, and both (especially the L phenotype) appeared associated with high levels of protection. These studies also illustrated differences in the protective efficacy of different preparations of CV1988 vaccine, indicating the need to choose carefully the most protective strains as controls for efficacy studies. A new vv+ strain, designated as 686, is described and appears useful as a challenge virus; it is the most virulent of the 48 field isolates of MDV thus far pathotyped in this laboratory. These findings support the conclusion that new virus strains with high levels of protective immunity comparable to that of CV1988 can be developed. However, the question of whether strains can be developed that exceed the efficacy of current CV1988-based vaccines remains unanswered. After more than 30 years of unsuccessful endeavor by many laboratories toward this goal, it now may be useful to consider whether the efficacy of MD vaccines is limited by some type of biologic threshold. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Hy Line Int, Dallas Center, IA 50063 USA. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 40 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 4 BP 768 EP 782 DI 10.1637/7203-050304R PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IH UT WOS:000229917300005 PM 15666858 ER PT J AU Dalloul, RA Lillehoj, HS Okamura, M Xie, H Min, WG Ding, XC Heckert, RA AF Dalloul, RA Lillehoj, HS Okamura, M Xie, H Min, WG Ding, XC Heckert, RA TI In vivo effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide on Eimeria infection in chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE CpG; immunomodulation; Eimeria; oligodeoxynucleotides; chicken; coccidiosis ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; BACTERIAL-DNA; IMMUNOSTIMULATORY OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; DEPENDENT PROTECTION; TENELLA INFECTION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; B-CELLS; MOTIFS; VACCINATION AB Poultry coccidiosis is the major parasitic disease of poultry and, until now, no recombinant vaccine has been developed. Short oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) have been shown to be effective immunoprotective agents and vaccine adjuvants in mammalian systems. Their use in poultry to protect against intracellular parasites has not been reported to date. The present work investigated the effects of CpG ODN treatment on host susceptibility to Eimeria infection in two chicken strains with different genetic background, SC and TK. The data show that CpG ODN enhanced the birds' resistance to coccidiosis in a normally susceptible chicken strain (TK), as shown by reduced oocyst shedding and improved weight gain. CpG treatment had a differential effect on body weight gains and serum antibody responses, depending on the chicken strain and ODN dose, delivery route, and backbone. This study shows for the first time that CpG ODNs could be used as immunoprotective agents in Eimeria-infected chickens to enhance resistance to the pathogen and improve performance. Future research is needed to optimize their use alone and as vaccine adjuvants that may lead to better and more efficient vaccine applications. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, VA MD Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sunchon Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Choongnam 540742, South Korea. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366; Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 4 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1637/7154-010704R PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IH UT WOS:000229917300006 PM 15666859 ER PT J AU Rosario, CC Lopez, CC Tellez, IG Navarro, OA Anderson, RC Eslava, CC AF Rosario, CC Lopez, CC Tellez, IG Navarro, OA Anderson, RC Eslava, CC TI Serotyping and virulence genes detection in Escherichia coli isolated from fertile and infertile eggs, dead-in-shell embryos, and chickens with yolk sac infection SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; yolk sac infection; serotyping; DNA hybridization; virulence genes ID CYTOLETHAL DISTENDING TOXIN; INVIVO CHARACTERIZATION; ANTIBIOTIC-SENSITIVITY; AVIAN COLIBACILLOSIS; MULTIPLEX PCR; DNA PROBES; STRAINS; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; SHIGELLA AB Escherichia coli is a common avian pathogen mainly associated with extraintestinal infections such as yolk sac infection (YSI). The aim of this study was to determine the serotypes and the presence of some virulence genes of E coli strains isolated from different samples in a vertically integrated poultry operation in Mexico. Two hundred sixty-seven E coli isolates from different samples were serotyped using rabbit serum against the 175 somatic (0) and 56 flagellar (H) antigens of the typing schema. Virulence genes were determined by colony blot hybridization, using DNA probes for st, eae, agg1, agg2, bfp, lt, cdt, slt, and ipaH diarrhea-associated virulence factors. The serogroup of 85% of the strains was determined; 019 (12%), 084 (9%), 08 (6%), and 078 (5%) were the most common. Using the complete antigenic formula (0 and H), 019:NM (n = 31) was the serorype most frequently isolated from dead-in-shell embryos and in broilers that had died on the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh days after hatch. One hundred ten strains (41.2%) hybridized with one or more of the used probes. Of these, ipaH (72%), eae (30%), and cdt (27%) were the most common. Considering the origin of the respective isolates, 40% of the broiler farm strains were positive for at least one probe. Results show that some avian E coli strains isolated in Mexico are included in avian pathogenic E. coli serotypes not previously reported, suggesting that they could be specific for this geographic area. The wide distribution of the ipaH gene among nonmotile strains suggests that this invasiveness trait could be important in YSI pathogenesis. On the other hand, some other genes could contribute to E coli virulence during YSI. C1 FMVZ, Dept Anim Prod, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. FM Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Salud Publ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Rosario, CC (reprint author), FMVZ, Dept Anim Prod, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 4 BP 791 EP 802 DI 10.1637/7195-041304R PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IH UT WOS:000229917300007 PM 15666860 ER PT J AU Gast, PK Guard-Bouldin, J Holt, PS AF Gast, PK Guard-Bouldin, J Holt, PS TI Colonization of reproductive organs and internal contamination of eggs after experimental infection of laying hens with Salmonella heidelberg and Salmonella enteritidis SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella heidelberg; Salmonella enteritidis; chickens; reproductive organs; egg contamination ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; PHAGE TYPE-4; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; UNITED-STATES; CHICKENS; FREQUENCY; MEMBRANE; LAID; PH; CONSEQUENCES AB Internal contamination of eggs laid by hens infected with Salmonella enteritidis has been a prominent international public health issue since the mid-1980s. Considerable resources have been committed to detecting and controlling S. enteritidis infections in commercial laying flocks. Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also reported a significant association between eggs or egg-containing foods and S. heidelberg infections in humans. The present study sought to determine whether several S. heidelberg isolates obtained from egg-associated human disease outbreaks were able to colonize reproductive tissues and be deposited inside eggs laid by experimentally infected hens in a manner similar to the previously documented behavior of S. enteritidis. In two trials, groups of laying hens were orally inoculated with large doses of four S. heidelberg strains and an S. enteritidis strain that consistently caused egg contamination in previous studies. All five Salmonella strains (of both serotypes) colonized the intestinal tracts and invaded the livers, Spleens, ovaries, and oviducts of inoculated hens, with no significant differences observed between the strains for any of these parameters. All four S. heidelberg strains were recovered from the interior liquid contents of eggs laid by infected hens, although at lower frequencies (between 1.1% and 4.5%) than the S. enteritidis strain (7.0%). C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 4 BP 863 EP 869 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IH UT WOS:000229917300014 ER PT J AU Williams, SM Fitzgerald, SD Reed, WM Lee, LF Fadly, AA AF Williams, SM Fitzgerald, SD Reed, WM Lee, LF Fadly, AA TI Tissue tropism and bursal transformation ability of subgroup J avian leukosis virus in white leghorn chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian leukosis virus subgroup J; tissue tropism; immunohistochemistry; White Leghorn chickens; bursal transformation ID CONGENITALLY INFECTED CHICKENS; GROUP-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LYMPHOID LEUKOSIS; MYELOID LEUKOSIS; HPRS-103 STRAIN; MULTIPLICATION; LOCALIZATION; FLOCKS AB In Experiment 1, a monoclonal antibody against the envelope glycoprotein (gp85) of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) was used to study the distribution of ALV-J in various tissues of White Leghorn chickens inoculated as embryos with the strain ADCL-Hc1 of ALV-J. At 2 and 6 wk of age, various tissues from infected and control uninfected chickens were tested for the presence of ALV-J gp85 by immunohistochemistry. In Experiment 2, using the methyl green-pyronine (MGP) stain, sections of bursa of Fabricius (BF) from chickens of line 151(5) X 7(1), inoculated with ALV-J or Rous-associated virus-1 (RAV-1), a subgroup A ALV, at hatch were examined for transformation of bursal follicles at 4 and 10 wk of age. In Experiment 1, specific staining indicative of the presence of ALV-J gp85 was noted at both 2 and 6 wk of age in the adrenal gland, bursa, gonads, heart, kidney, liver, bone marrow, nerve, pancreas, proventriculus, spleen, and thymus. In Experiment 2, by 10 wk of age, transformed bursal follicles were detected in MGP-stained sections of BF in only one of five (20%) chickens inoculated with ALV-J at hatch, compared with five of five (100%) chickens inoculated with RAV-1. The data demonstrate distribution of ALV-J gp85 in various tissues of White Leghorn chickens experimentally inoculated as embryos with the virus. The data also confirm our previous observation that ALV-J is capable of inducing transformation of bursal follicles, albeit the incidence is less frequent than that induced by subgroup A ALV. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fadly, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 4 BP 921 EP 927 DI 10.1637/7196-041904R PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IH UT WOS:000229917300023 PM 15666876 ER PT J AU Bacon, LD Hunter, DB Zhang, HM Brand, K Etches, R AF Bacon, LD Hunter, DB Zhang, HM Brand, K Etches, R TI Retrospective evidence that the MHC (B haplotype) of chickens influences genetic resistance to attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccine strains in chickens SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; COMPLEX; LINE AB Infectious bronchitis is a respiratory disease of chickens that is caused by the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Virtually all broiler and layer breeder flocks are routinely vaccinated against IBV. Two hatches of 1-day-old chicks from four lines were mistakenly vaccinated for infectious bronchitis using a moderately attenuated vaccine designed for chicks of an older age. The vaccination resulted in high mortality, and chicks from three of four lines died with signs typical of infectious bronchitis. The mortality that occurred using this less-attenuated vaccine was significantly influenced by the genetic line, and the MHC (B) haplotype in chickens of three B congenic lines. B congenic chickens possessing the B*15 haplotype were resistant in contrast to chickens possessing the B*13 or B*21 haplotypes. Chicks from two further hatches of the four lines were vaccinated appropriately with a more attenuated IBV vaccine, and only limited chick mortality was seen. These retrospective data from two repeated hatches confirm earlier data indicating chicken genes influence resistance to IBV, and indicate for the first time that genes tightly linked to the B haplotype are relevant in resistance to IBV. Due to extenuating circumstances it was not possible to verify results with chicks from F-2 matings. Factors that may enhance definition of the role of the B haplotype in immune response to IBV, and the desirability for further analysis of a B haplotype-linked influence on immunity to IBV are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Bacon, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM baconld@msu.edu NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 605 EP 609 DI 10.1080/03079450400013147 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 882YX UT WOS:000225977400011 PM 15763730 ER PT J AU Pickett, CH Simmons, GS Lozano, E Goolsby, JA AF Pickett, CH Simmons, GS Lozano, E Goolsby, JA TI Augmentative biological control of whiteflies using transplants SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aleyrodidae; Aphelinidae; augmentation; banker plants; Bemisia; Homoptera; silverleaf whitefly; sweetpotato whitefly ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; ERETMOCERUS-EREMICUS HYMENOPTERA; TABACI HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; APHELINIDAE; PARASITOIDS; RESISTANCE; RELEASE; PREDATORS; DISPERSAL AB Field studies showed that transplants can be used to move parasitoids into fields of commercially grown cantaloupe, Cucumis melo (Cucurbitaceae), and augment parasitism of sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B (=Bemisia argentifolii) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Methods were developed to inoculate cantaloupe seedlings with newly imported Eretmocerus spp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), then transfer plants into both organic and conventional fields of cantaloupe in the desert growing region of southeastern California. Several obstacles to inoculating "banker plants" with an adequate number of parasitized whiteflies were overcome and numbers of parasitoids per transplant increased. In 1999 the use of banker plants was compared to a standard hand-release method and a no-release control in a replicated study at an organic farm. Augmentation through releases of parasitoids increased parasitism over that in the no-release controls (p < 0.05). Banker plants increased the proportion of parasitized whiteflies more than the hand-release method (0.21 vs. 0.08). During a region-wide demonstration spring 2000, plots receiving banker plants significantly increased parasitism over paired control plots at seven commercial farms of cantaloupe. Parasitism in banker plant treated plots in 2000 was higher in organic fields (seasonal average = 0.30) than conventional ones (seasonal average = 0.06). Differences may be due to the use of imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide, in conventional fields for whitefly control. Over the 2-year study, however, releases of parasitoids did not consistently reduce densities of B. tabaci. Only in late season at some sites in 2000 were whitefly densities lower in release plots than paired controls. Most of the parasitoids recovered and identified from plots receiving parasitoids were the same as those released, Eretmocerus spp. (ex. Ethiopia M96076), and E. hayati (M95012, ex. Pakistan). C1 Calif Dept Food & Agr, Biol Control Program, Sacramento, CA USA. USDA APHIS PPQ, Mission Biol Control Ctr, Austin, TX 78753 USA. RP Pickett, CH (reprint author), Calif Dept Food & Agr, Biol Control Program, 3288 Meadowview Rd, Sacramento, CA USA. EM cpickett@cdfa.ca.gov NR 54 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD DEC PY 2004 VL 49 IS 6 BP 665 EP 688 DI 10.1007/s10526-004-0270-1 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885NK UT WOS:000226164000005 ER PT J AU Saunders, JA O'Neill, NR AF Saunders, JA O'Neill, NR TI The characterization of defense responses to fungal infection in alfalfa SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; anthracnose; inducible defense responses; leguminosae; lucerne; plant/fungal interactions ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; SARANAC AR ALFALFA; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRIFOLII; MOLECULAR-CLONING; STRESS RESPONSES; ISOFLAVONOID PHYTOALEXINS; ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE; RACE-2 ANTHRACNOSE; EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The enzyme activity and transcript level of three enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (CA4H), and isoflavone reductase (IFR), were monitored in alfalfa seedlings (Medicago sativa) that had been challenged with the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum trifolii. In many legumes, a pathogen-host infection leads to an induced synthesis of fungitoxic phytoalexins produced via these key enzymes. For example, when alfalfa is exposed to an avirulent fungal type, phytoalexins are produced by the plant providing protection from additional exposure to a virulent fungal race. This defensive plant protection response was accompanied by increases in transcript levels of PAL, CA4H and IFR gene expression, by increases in PAL enzyme activity, and by production of the end product phytoalexins, medicarpin and sativan. The expression of these defense genes and PAL enzyme activity were significantly greater in seedlings responding to combined inoculations of avirulent and virulent fungi, compared to plants inoculated with the avirulent fungus alone. Inoculation with the virulent race alone elevated the gene transcripts compared with control plants but these levels were less than found in plants inoculated with the avirulent race or those inoculated with both. Production of gene transcripts reached its peak in treated plants after 49 h. The phytoalexins medicarpin and sativan increased rapidly and reached maximal levels 97 h after inoculation with the avirulent fungal race. The plants challenged with combined inoculations of the avirulent and the virulent fungi showed significantly greater accumulation of medicarpin than in any other treatment. These results suggest that the increased medicarpin accumulation produced in induced resistant tissues, following challenge inoculation with virulent race, is attributable to increased expression of genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, PSI, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP O'Neill, NR (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Bldg 004,Rm 111, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM oneilln@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD DEC PY 2004 VL 49 IS 6 BP 715 EP 728 DI 10.1007/s10526-004-5281-4 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 885NK UT WOS:000226164000008 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Johnson, BJ Pantone, DJ Hines, R AF Abbas, HK Johnson, BJ Pantone, DJ Hines, R TI Biological control and use of adjuvants against multiple seeded cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) in comparison with several other cocklebur types SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) biotype; multiple seeded cocklebur; biological control; Alternaria helianthi; formulation ID UNREFINED CORN-OIL; ALTERNARIA-HELIANTHI; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; MYCOHERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; GERMINATION; COMPETITION; INFECTIVITY AB Common cocklebur has several biotypes including multiple seeded cocklebur ( MSC), NCC-TX, and NCC-MS. Alternaria helianthi applied at 2.5x10(4) conidia mL(-1) in a 50% microemulsion of unrefined corn oil (MESUCO) or 0.2% Silwet L 77 caused 60-75% mortality on NCC-TX and MSC. Increasing the conidial concentration to 5x10(4) mL(-1) increased mortality to 100% on MSC and NCC-TX, and 75% on NCC-MS. At 10x10(4) conidia mL(-1), A. helianthi caused 100% mortality in all three biotypes. No mortality occurred in any biotype at inoculation rates of 2.5 and 5x10(4) conidia mL(-1) when applied in water. Increasing the dew period from 0 to 12 h increased mortality from 0 to 100% on all three biotypes at a rate of 2.5x10(4) conidia mL(-1) in Silwet and MESUCO. MSC appears to be the most sensitive biotype. C1 ARS, USDA, SWSRU, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Texas A&M Univ, TAES, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, DSAC, Simpson, IL 62985 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SWSRU, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM habbas@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 8 BP 855 EP 860 DI 10.1080/09583150410001720653 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 866QO UT WOS:000224788200010 ER PT J AU Musselman, RC Slauson, WL AF Musselman, RC Slauson, WL TI Water chemistry of high elevation Colorado wilderness lakes SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acidification; alpine; ANC; atmospheric deposition; nitrogen; Rocky Mountains; subalpine ID ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN SATURATION; FRONT RANGE; USA; ECOSYSTEMS; DEPOSITION; RESPONSES; FOREST; STREAM; BASIN AB High elevation alpine and subalpine Rocky Mountain lakes in Colorado and southeastern Wyoming were examined to determine regional variability in water chemistry and their sensitivity to atmospheric deposition. Acid neutralizing capacity, pH, conductivity and concentrations of major anions and cations were compared. Regional differences in water chemistry are evident. The south-eastern most lakes have significantly higher pH, conductivity, ANC, and sums of acid and base concentrations than lakes in the other regions of the state. In contrast the northwestern most lakes are significantly more dilute than those from other regions. Despite these two regional differences, most regions are similar in having a wide range of variability in potential sensitivity of their lakes to acidification and nitrogen export. Many wilderness areas in western and eastern regions contains lakes that are extremely sensitive and other lakes not susceptible to deposition. Overall, 70% of the Colorado lakes are sensitive to acidification and 15% are extremely sensitive to acidification. All of the regions had lakes that are classified as susceptible or sensitive to acidification, with 12 of the 17 areas having all of their sampled lakes susceptible or sensitive. Generally NO31- concentration in surface waters decreased from mid-season to late season; yet a large number of the lakes export NO31- late in the season, suggesting nitrogen saturation. The results confirm the sensitivity of high elevation wilderness aquatic ecosystems in all regions of Colorado to acidification and nitrogen deposition. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Musselman, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bobm@lamar.colostate.edu NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD DEC PY 2004 VL 71 IS 3 BP 387 EP 414 DI 10.1007/s10533-004-0369-6 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 892RH UT WOS:000226667200007 ER PT J AU Schomberg, HH Endale, DM AF Schomberg, HH Endale, DM TI Cover crop effects on nitrogen mineralization and availability in conservation tillage cotton SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE nitrogen mineralization; heat units; crop residue decomposition; cotton growth ID HEAT UNITS; WINTER LEGUMES; RESIDUE CARBON; NO-TILL; SOIL; FIELD; DECOMPOSITION; MATTER; WHEAT AB Understanding cover crop influences on N availability is important for developing N management strategies in conservation tillage systems. Two cover crops, cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.) and crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), were evaluated for effects on N availability to cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) in a Typic Kanhapludult soil at Watkinsville, Ga. Seed cotton yields following clover and rye were 882 kg ha(-1) and 1,205 kg ha(-1), respectively, in 1997 and were 1,561 kg ha(-1) and 2,352 kg ha(-1), respectively, in 1998. In 1997, cotton biomass, leaf area index, and N were greater on some dates following crimson clover than following rye but not in 1998. During 1997, net soil N mineralized increased with time in both systems, but a similar response was not observed in 1998. Net soil N mineralization rates following crimson clover and rye averaged, respectively, 0.58 kg and 0.34 kg N ha(-1) day(-1) in 1997 and 0.58 kg and 0.23 kg N ha(-1) day(-1) in 1998. Total soil N mineralized during the cotton growing season ranged from 60 kg ha(-1) to 80 kg ha(-1) following crimson clover and from 30 kg ha(-1) to 50 kg ha(-1) following rye. Soil N mineralization correlated positively with heat units and cumulative heat units. Net soil N mineralization rates were 0.023 kg ha(-1) heat unit(-1) once net mineralization began. Soil heat units appeared to be a useful tool for evaluating N mineralization potential. Nearly 40% of the rye and 60% of the clover biomass decomposed during the 6 weeks prior to cotton planting, with nearly 35 kg N ha(-1) mineralized from clover. C1 ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Schomberg, HH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM hhs1@uga.edu NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 6 BP 398 EP 405 DI 10.1007/s00374-004-0795-6 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 873TJ UT WOS:000225303700004 ER PT J AU Cheng, XM Baumgartner, K AF Cheng, XM Baumgartner, K TI Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated nitrogen transfer from vineyard cover crops to grapevines SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizae; cover crops; N transfer; vineyard; Vitis vinifera ID PLANTS; GROWTH; CARBON; ROOTS; SYSTEMS; MAIZE; YIELD; COMMUNITIES; GRASSLAND; INFECTION AB Cover crops are often planted in between vineyard rows to reduce soil erosion, increase soil fertility, and improve soil structure. Roots of both grapevines and cover crops form mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM) fungi, and may be interconnected by AM hyphae. To study nutrient transfer from cover crops to grapevines through AM fungal links, we grew grapevines and cover crops in specially designed containers in the greenhouse that restricted their root systems to separate compartments, but allowed AM fungi to colonize both root systems. Leaves of two cover crops, a grass (Bromus hordeaceus) and a legume ( Medicago polymorpha), were labeled with 99 atom% N-15 solution for 24 h. Grapevine leaves were analyzed for N-15 content 2, 5, and 10 days after labeling. Our results showed evidence of AM fungi-mediated N-15 transfer from cover crops to grapevines 5 and 10 days after labeling. N transfer was significantly greater from the grass to the grapevine than from the legume to the grapevine. Possible reasons for the differences between the two cover crops include lower N-15 enrichment in legume roots, higher biomass of grass roots, and/or differences in AM fungal community composition. Further studies are needed to investigate N transfer from grapevines to cover crops and to determine net N transfer between the two crops throughout their growing seasons, in order to understand the significance of AM fungi-mediated interplant nutrient transfers in the field. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sustainable Agr Res & Educ Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu NR 40 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 6 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s00374-004-0797-4 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 873TJ UT WOS:000225303700005 ER PT J AU Smigocki, AC Wilson, D AF Smigocki, AC Wilson, D TI Pest and disease resistance enhanced by heterologous suppression of a Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cytochrome P450 gene CYP72A2 SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; disease resistance; insect resistance; Manduca sexta; Pseudomonas syringae ID ARABIDOPSIS PLANTS; OVEREXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; TOBACCO; CLONING AB The functional role of the Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cytochrome P450 gene CYP72A2 was investigated in transgenic plants. N. tabacum plants transformed with a sense or antisense CYP72A2 construct exhibited diminished heights, branched stems, smaller leaves and deformed flowers. Western blot analysis revealed reduced levels of a 58 kDa protein corresponding to CYP72A2, suggesting that the CYP72A2 homolog was suppressed in the sense and antisense plants. Transgenic plants had increased resistance to Manduca sexta larvae that consumed about 35% to 90% less of transgenic versus control leaves. A virulent strain of Pseudonionas syringae pv. tabaci induced a disease-limiting response followed by a delayed and decreased development of disease symptoms in the transgenics. CYP72A2 gene mediated resistance suggests that the plant-pest or -pathogen interactions may have been modified by changes in bioactive metabolite pools. C1 USDA ARS, Lab Mol Plant Pathol, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smigocki, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lab Mol Plant Pathol, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM smigocka@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 26 IS 23 BP 1809 EP 1814 DI 10.1007/s10529-004-4615-8 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 904CV UT WOS:000227474600009 PM 15672219 ER PT J AU Wunderle, JM Mercado, JE Parresol, B Terranova, E AF Wunderle, JM Mercado, JE Parresol, B Terranova, E TI Spatial ecology of Puerto Rican boas (Epicrates inornatus) in a hurricane impacted forest SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Boidae; disturbance ecology; Epicrates inornatus; habitat use; home range; hurricane effects; Puerto Rico; vines ID EASTERN AUSTRALIA; BAT PREDATION; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; SNAKES AB Spatial ecology of Puerto Rican boas (Epicrates inornatus, Boidae) was studied with radiotelemetry in a subtropical wet forest recovering from a major hurricane (7-9 yr previous) when Hurricane Georges struck. Different boas were studied during three periods relative to Hurricane Georges: before only; before and after; and after only. Mean daily movement per month increased throughout the three periods, indicating that the boas moved more after the storm than before. Radio-tagged boas also became more visible to observers after the hurricane. Throughout the three periods, the sexes differed in movements, with males moving greater distances per move and moving more frequently than females. Males showed a bimodal peak of movement during April and June in contrast to the females' July peak. Sexes did not differ in annual home range size, which had a median value of 8.5 ha (range = 2.0-105.5 ha, N = 18) for 95 percent adaptive kernal. Females spent more time on or below ground than did males, which were mostly arboreal. Trees used by boas had larger diameters and more vines than random trees. Hurricane winds that strip leaves, vines, and branches from trees may reduce cover for boas and limit access to arboreal sites, at least for several years until succession brings about recovery with increased vine growth. Boas were especially difficult to observe; telemetrically monitored boas were detected visually at an average of only 15 percent of their fix sites, indicating that the species is more abundant than generally perceived. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Wunderle, JM (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, POB 490, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. EM wunderle@coqui.net NR 54 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 2004 VL 36 IS 4 BP 555 EP 571 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2004.tb00350.x PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880TE UT WOS:000225811400010 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Zablotowicz, RM Locke, MA AF Abbas, HK Zablotowicz, RM Locke, MA TI Spatial variability of Aspergillus flavus soil populations under different crops and corn grain colonization and aflatoxins SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxins; soil; corn (Zea mays); cotton; wheat; spatial variability ID COCONUT AGAR MEDIUM; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; ATOXIGENIC STRAINS; FIELD; MAIZE; CONTAMINATION; MISSISSIPPI; REDUCTION; PATTERNS; FUSARIUM AB Aflatoxin contamination in corn caused by Aspergillus flavus Link is a serious constraint on economical corn (Zea mays L.) production in the Mississippi Delta. The ecology of A. flavus was evaluated in a 3-year study assessing the spatial variability of soil populations of A. flavus in a Mississippi Delta field under different crops. A 1.07-ha section of the field was laid out in 126 9.2-m(2) plots, and soil was sampled in May 2000, March 2001, and April 2002. Aspergillus flavus populations were determined by plating on selective media, and A. flavus colonization was assessed in corn during 2000. Aspergillus flavus populations in soil were significantly (P < 0.01 level) influenced by previous crop. The highest propagule density (794 cfu&BULL;g(-1)) was found following the corn crop in 2001 versus 251 cfu&BULL;g(-1) soil in 2000 following cotton and 457 cfu&BULL;g(-1) following wheat in 2002. Aspergillus flavus populations in 2001 and 2002 exhibited a moderate degree of spatial structure, described by spherical and exponential models, respectively, but populations in 2000 exhibited little spatial structure. Colonization of corn kernels by A. flavus in 2000 ranged from 0% to 100% (mean = 15% colonized kernels), and aflatoxin levels ranged from 0 to 1590 ppb (mean = 57 ppb). Aflatoxin levels were randomly distributed in the field and not correlated with A. flavus colonization. Aflatoxin production was found in 43% to 59% of A. flavus soil isolates with the highest incidence in soil populations following corn in 2001. However, 84% of A. flavus isolated from corn kernels produced aflatoxin. Results indicate that within a single field there was a wide range of A. flavus soil propagule densities varying in potential to produce aflatoxin. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. ARS, USDA, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM habbas@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1768 EP 1775 DI 10.1139/B04-131 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 887JK UT WOS:000226301800007 ER PT J AU Erickson, VJ Mandel, NL Sorensen, FC AF Erickson, VJ Mandel, NL Sorensen, FC TI Landscape patterns of phenotypic variation and population structuring in a selfing grass, Elymus glaucus (blue wildrye) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Elymus glaucus; morphological variation; local adaptation; seed transfer; seed zones; polyploid ID SUBSHRUB LOTUS-SCOPARIUS; DOUGLAS-FIR; GENETIC-VARIATION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; CLARKIA-DUDLEYANA; SEED TRANSFER; DIFFERENTIATION; RESTORATION AB Source-related phenotypic variance was investigated in a common garden study of populations of Elymus glaucus Buckley (blue wildrye) from the Blue Mountain Ecological Province of northeastern Oregon and adjoining Washington. The primary objective of this study was to assess geographic patterns of potentially adaptive differentiation in this self-fertile allotetraploid grass, and use this information to develop a framework for guiding seed movement and preserving adaptive patterns of genetic variation in ongoing restoration work. Progeny of 188 families were grown for 3 years under two moisture treatments and measured for a wide range of traits involving growth, morphology, fecundity, and phenology. Variation among seed sources was analyzed in relation to physiographic and climatic trends, and to various spatial stratifications such as ecoregions, watersheds, edaphic classifications, etc. Principal component (PC) analysis extracted four primary PCs that together accounted for 67% of the variance in measured traits. Regression and cluster analyses revealed predominantly ecotypic or stepped-clinal distribution of genetic variation. Three distinct geographic groups of locations accounted for over 84% of the variation in PC-1 and PC-2 scores; group differences were best described by longitude and ecoregion. Clinal variation in PC-3 and PC-4 scores was present in the largest geographic group. Four geographic subdivisions were proposed for delimiting E. glaucus seed transfer in the Blue Mountains. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Umatilla Natl Forest, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Erickson, VJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Umatilla Natl Forest, 2517 SW Hailey Ave, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM verickson@fs.fed.us NR 80 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 22 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1776 EP 1789 DI 10.1139/B04-141 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 887JK UT WOS:000226301800008 ER PT J AU Letcher, BH Dubreuil, T O'Donnell, MJ Obedzinski, M Griswold, K Nislow, KH AF Letcher, BH Dubreuil, T O'Donnell, MJ Obedzinski, M Griswold, K Nislow, KH TI Long-term consequences of variation in timing and manner of fry introduction on juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth, survival, and life-history expression SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Status of Atlantic Salmon CY AUG 11-14, 2003 CL Quebec, CANADA ID FOOD-CONSUMPTION; PRIOR RESIDENCE; MARKED ANIMALS; BROOK TROUT; POPULATIONS; TIME; PARR; TEMPERATURE; EMERGENCE; PARENTAGE AB We tested the influence of introduction time and the manner of introduction on growth, survival, and life-history expression of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Introduction treatments included three fry stocking times and stream rearing of embryos. Despite poor growth conditions during the early stocking period, early-stocked fish were larger throughout the entire study period, likely the result of prior residence advantage. This interpretation was reinforced by the laboratory study, where early-stocked fish outgrew late-stocked fish when reared together, but not when they were reared separately. In contrast to growth, abundance of stocked fish was greatest for fish stocked during the middle period, and this stocking group produced the greatest number of smolts. Despite smaller size, survival of stream-incubated fish was generally greater than survival of stocked fish. Introduction timing had a pronounced effect on smolt age but a weak effect on extent of parr maturation. Overall, these observations indicate that small differences (similar to2 weeks) in introduction time can have long-term effects on size, survival, and life-history expression. Results suggest stabilizing selection on introduction times, mediated by the interaction between prior residence (advantage to fish introduced earlier) and habitat suitability (advantage to fish introduced later). C1 USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM bletcher@forwild.umass.edu RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009 NR 48 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 61 IS 12 BP 2288 EP 2301 DI 10.1139/F04-214 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 902EO UT WOS:000227337200004 ER PT J AU Nislow, K Armstrong, J McKelvey, S AF Nislow, K Armstrong, J McKelvey, S TI Phosphorus flux due to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in an oligotrophic upland stream: effects of management and demography SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Status of Atlantic Salmon CY AUG 11-14, 2003 CL Quebec, CANADA ID WHOLE-RIVER FERTILIZATION; PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; NUTRIENT ADDITION; MIGRATION; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEMS; MARINE; GROWTH; CARBON AB Little is known concerning the role of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the transport of nutrients to and from river systems. We used demographic data from the River Bran, an oligotrophic river in Scotland, UK, to construct a budget for the transport of phosphorus (P) and applied it to investigate the effects of management strategies and demographic rates on potential transport. At present, because few adults return to their spawning grounds, salmon export 0.2-0.5 kg P(.)year(-1). In contrast, increasing passage rates to a level sufficient to maintain a population without stocking would likely result in a gain of up to several kilograms per year. However, this effect depended on the retention of adult-derived P, which varies across systems and is poorly known at present. Egg-derived P exceeded that from adults at low (<25%) retention rates but was insufficient on its own to balance losses. Increased marine survival rates also increased the potential for positive P flux, while reduction in egg-smolt survival reduced the magnitude of transport. These results indicate the importance of considering within-river movements of individuals and nutrients and the need to fill critical data gaps in assessing the role of Atlantic salmon in nutrient transport. C1 UMASS, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Fisheries Res Serv, Freshwater Lab, Pitlochry PH16 5LB, Perth, Scotland. Fishery Board, Conon & Alness Dist, By Muir Of Ord IV6 7XA, Ross, Scotland. RP Nislow, K (reprint author), UMASS, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 201 Holdsworth NRC, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM knislow@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 61 IS 12 BP 2401 EP 2410 DI 10.1139/f05-006 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 902EO UT WOS:000227337200014 ER PT J AU Smith, JE McKay, D Niwa, CG Thies, WG Brenner, G Spatafora, JW AF Smith, JE McKay, D Niwa, CG Thies, WG Brenner, G Spatafora, JW TI Short-term effects of seasonal prescribed burning on the ectomycorrhizal fungal community and fine root biomass in ponderosa pine stands in the Blue Mountains of Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FIR PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; DOUGLAS-FIR; OLD-GROWTH; MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION; SPORE INOCULATION; MURICATA FOREST; BOREAL FORESTS; DIVERSITY; SOIL; SEEDLINGS AB The effects of seasonal prescribed fire on the belowground ectomycorrhizal community and live fine root biomass were investigated before, 1 year after, and 2 years after prescribed underburning. Ectomycorrhizas were sampled from four replications of three treatments (fall underburning, spring underburning, and a nonburned control) in a randomized complete block design. Samples were separated in two subsamples representing the upper 5 cm and lower 5 cm of a soil core. Molecular tools were used to distinguish 140 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) species of fungi directly from the ectomycorrhizas. Prior to underburning, the number of RFLP species and amount of live root biomass were similar among treatment units and between upper and lower core samples. Fall underburning largely removed live root biomass to a depth of 10 cm and significantly reduced ectomycorrhizal species richness compared with spring underburning and the nonburned control for at least 2 years. RFLP species richness and live root biomass following spring underburning were generally similar to the nonburned treatment. The successful reintroduction of fire to the ecosystem to retain high species diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi and achieve the desired future condition of large-tree ponderosa pine retention with low fuel loads may require more than underburning in a single season. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific Analyt, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jsmith01@fs.fed.us NR 73 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2477 EP 2491 DI 10.1139/X04-124 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 891QO UT WOS:000226595800008 ER PT J AU Robinson, AP Wykoff, WR AF Robinson, AP Wykoff, WR TI Imputing missing height measures using a mixed-effects modeling strategy SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID REGRESSION-MODELS; CROSS-VALIDATION; BAYES; EQUATIONS AB This paper proposes a method whereby height-diameter regression from an inventory can be incorporated into a height imputation algorithm. Point-level subsampling is often employed in forest inventory for efficiency. Some trees will be measured for diameter and species, while others will be measured for height and 10-year increment. Predictions of these missing measures would be useful for estimating volume and growth, respectively, so they are often imputed. We present and compare three imputation strategies: using a published model, using a localized version of a published model, and using best linear unbiased predictions from a mixed-effects model. The bases of our comparison are four-fold: minimum fitted root mean squared error and minimum predicted root mean squared error under a 2000-fold cross-validation for tree-level height and volume imputations. In each case the mixed-effects model proved superior. This result implies that substantial environmental variation existed in the height-diameter relationship for our data and that its representation in the model by means of random effects was profitable. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Robinson, AP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, POB 441133, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM andrewr@uidaho.edu RI Robinson, Andrew/F-5291-2011; OI Robinson, Andrew/0000-0002-0509-6043 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2492 EP 2500 DI 10.1139/X04-137 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 891QO UT WOS:000226595800009 ER PT J AU Guo, QF Brandle, J Schoeneberger, M Buettner, D AF Guo, QF Brandle, J Schoeneberger, M Buettner, D TI Simulating the dynamics of linear forests in Great Plains agroecosystems under changing climates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MODEL REGCM2; LANDSCAPE; DISPERSAL; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; STABILITY; GRADIENTS; EXPANSION; EDGE AB Most forest growth models are not suitable for the highly fragmented, linear (or linearly shaped) forests in the Great Plains agroecosystems (e.g., windbreaks, riparian forest buffers), where such forests are a minor but ecologically important component of the land mosaics. This study used SEEDSCAPE, a recently modified gap model designed for cultivated land mosaics in the Great Plains, to simulate the effects of climate change on the dynamics of such linear forests. We simulated the dynamics of windbreaks with different initial planting species richness and widths (light changes as the selected resulting factor) using current climate data and nested regional circulation models (RegCMs). Results indicated that (i) it took 70-80 simulation years for the linear forests to reach a steady state under both normal (present-day) and warming climates; (ii) warming climates would reduce total aboveground tree biomass and the spatial variation in biomass, but increase dominance in the linear forests, especially in the upland forests; (iii) linear forests with higher planting species richness and smaller width produced higher aboveground tree biomass per unit area; and (iv) the same species performed very differently with different climate scenarios, initial planting diversity, and forest widths. Although the model still needs further improvements (e.g., the effects of understory species should be included), the model can serve as a useful tool in modeling the succession of linear forests in human-dominated land mosaics under changing climates and may also have significant practical implications in other systems. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM qguo@usgs.gov RI Guo, Qinfeng/A-8034-2009 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2564 EP 2572 DI 10.1139/X04-138 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 891QO UT WOS:000226595800016 ER PT J AU Smith, ML Martin, M AF Smith, ML Martin, M TI A plot-based method for rapid estimation of forest canopy chemistry (vol 31, pg 549, 2004) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Correction C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Smith, ML (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM marielouisesmith@fs.fed.us NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2618 EP 2618 DI 10.1139/X04-214 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 891QO UT WOS:000226595800021 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Watt, PM Shouse, PJ Grieve, CM AF Ibekwe, AM Watt, PM Shouse, PJ Grieve, CM TI Fate of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in irrigation water on soils and plants as validated by culture method and real-time PCR SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE real-time PCR; Escherichia coli O157 : H7; irrigation; survival; quantification ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FLUOROGENIC PCR; RAPID DETECTION; BOVINE FECES; QUANTIFICATION; STRAINS; LETTUCE AB One of the most common vehicles by which Escherichia coli O157:H7 may be introduced into crops is contaminated irrigation water. Water contamination is becoming more common in rural areas of the United States as a result of large animal operations, and up to 40% of tested drinking-water wells are contaminated with E. coli. In this study, 2 contrasting soil samples were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 expressing green fluorescent protein through irrigation water. Real-time PCR and culture methods were used to quantify the fate of this pathogen in phyllosphere (leaf surface), rhizosphere (volume of soil tightly held by plant roots), and non-rhizosphere soils. A real-time PCR assay was designed with the eae gene of E. coli O157:H7. The probe was incorporated into real-time PCR containing DNA extracted from the phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soils. The detection limit for E. coli O157:H7 quantification by real-time PCR was 1.2 x 103 in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and non-rhizosphere samples. E. coli O157:H7 concentrations were higher in the rhizosphere than in the non-rhizosphere soils and leaf surfaces, and persisted longer in clay soil. The persistence of E. coli O157:H7 in phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soils over 45 days may play a significant part in the recontamination cycle of produce in the environment. Therefore, the rapidity of the real-time PCR assay may be a useful tool for quantification and monitoring of E. coli O157:H7 in irrigation water and on contaminated fresh produce. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM aibekwe@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 28 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1007 EP 1014 DI 10.1139/W04-097 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 902EN UT WOS:000227336900003 PM 15714231 ER PT J AU Bernal, GR Tlusty, B de Jensen, CE van Berkum, P Graham, PH AF Bernal, GR Tlusty, B de Jensen, CE van Berkum, P Graham, PH TI Characteristics of rhizobia nodulating beans in the central region of Minnesota SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhizobium diversity; Phaseolus vulgaris; seed treatment; taxonomy ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; ROOT-NODULES; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; LEGUMINOSARUM; BACTERIA; STRAINS; SOILS; TROPICI; TREES AB Until recently, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Minnesota were rarely inoculated. Because of this, we hypothesized that bean rhizobia collected in Minnesota would either share characteristics identifiable with Rhizobium etli of Mesoamerican or Andean origin, introduced into the region as seed-borne contaminants, or be indigenous rhizobia from prairie species, such as Dalea spp. The latter organisms have been shown to nodulate and fix N-2 with Phaseolus vulgaris. Rhizobia recovered from the Staples, Verndale, and Park Rapids areas of Minnesota were grouped according to the results of BOXA1R-PCR fingerprint analysis into 5 groups, with only one of these having banding patterns similar to 2 of 4 R. etli reference strains. When representative isolates were subject to fatty acid - methyl ester analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the results obtained differed. 16S rRNA gene sequences of half the organisms tested were most similar to Rhizobium leguminosarum. Rhizobia from Dalea spp., an important legume in the prairie ecosystem, did not play a significant role as the microsymbiont of beans in this area. This appears to be due to the longer time needed for them to initiate infection in Phaseolus vulgaris. Strains of Rhizobium tropici IIB, including UMR1899, proved tolerant to streptomycin and captan, which are commonly applied as seed treatments for beans. Local rhizobia appeared to have very limited tolerance to these compounds. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bernal, GR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pgraham@soils.umn.edu NR 50 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1023 EP 1031 DI 10.1139/W04-092 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 902EN UT WOS:000227336900005 PM 15714233 ER PT J AU Regassa, LB Stewart, KM Murphy, AC French, FE Lin, T Whitcomb, RF AF Regassa, LB Stewart, KM Murphy, AC French, FE Lin, T Whitcomb, RF TI Differentiation of group VIII Spiroplasma strains with sequences of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mollicutes; Spiroplasma; phylogeny; Tabanidae ID GENUS SPIROPLASMA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; MYCOPLASMAS; SUBGROUPS; MOLLICUTE; TABANIDAE; COLEOPTERA; LAMPYRIDAE; DIVISION AB Spiroplasma species (Mollicutes: Spiroplasmataceae) are associated with a wide variety of insects, and serology has classified this genus into 34 groups, 3 with subgroups. The 16S rRNA gene has been used for phylogenetic analysis of spiroplasmas, but this approach is uninformative for group VIII because the serologically distinct subgroups generally have similarity coefficients >0.990. Therefore, we investigated the utility of the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region as a means to differentiate closely related subgroups or strains. We generated intergenic sequences and detailed serological profiles for 8 group VIII Spiroplasma strains. Sequence analyses using Maximum Parsimony, Neighbor Joining, and Maximum Likelihood placed the strains into 2 clades. One clade consisted of strains BARC 2649 and GSU5367. The other clade was divided into clusters containing representatives of the 3 designated group VIII subgroups (EA-1, DF-1, and TAAS-1) and 3 previously unclassified strains. The stability of the positions of the strains in various analytical models and the ability to provide robust support for groupings tentatively supported by serology indicates that the 16S-23S intergenic rDNA sequence will prove useful in intragroup analysis of group VIII spiroplasmas. C1 Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Georgia So Univ, Inst Anthropol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. USDA, Vegetable Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Regassa, LB (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM Lregassa@GeorgiaSouthern.edu NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1061 EP 1067 DI 10.1139/W04-091 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 902EN UT WOS:000227336900009 PM 15714237 ER PT J AU Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Gese, EM Harrison, RL Karki, SM AF Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Gese, EM Harrison, RL Karki, SM TI Dispersal characteristics of swift foxes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID VULPES-VULPES; RED FOX; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; INBREEDING AVOIDANCE; POPULATION; COYOTES; COMPETITION; EXTINCTION; EVOLUTION; KANSAS AB From 1997 to 2001, we monitored movements of 109 adult and 114 juvenile swift foxes, Vulpes velox (Say, 1823), at study sites in Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas to determine patterns of dispersal. Significantly more male (93%) than female (58%) juveniles dispersed, and both sexes had similar bimodal dispersal patterns with peaks in September-October and January-February. Adult dispersal occurred more evenly throughout the year, and significantly more male (32%) than female (5%) adults dispersed. Adult males tended to disperse after the death of their mate. Of dispersing foxes with known fates, settlement percentages in new territories were similar between juvenile males and females (40% overall), but they were significantly lower than for adults (89%). All other dispersing foxes with known fates died. Among juvenile females with known fates, similar percentages of philopatric and dispersing foxes reproduced as yearlings (50% overall), so the benefits of dispersal versus philopatry were not clear. Although rarely reported for other species, adult males were an important dispersal cohort in swift foxes (43% of male dispersals and 25% of all dispersals). Because of the female-biased philopatry among swift foxes, dispersal of adult males likely decreased the chances for inbreeding (e.g., father-daughter breeding). C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA,Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Ballard, WB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM warren.ballard@ttu.edu RI Kamler, Jan/F-8520-2011; Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1837 EP 1842 DI 10.1139/Z04-187 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 909PH UT WOS:000227871500001 ER PT J AU Lavigne, JA Wimbrow, HH Clevidence, BA Albert, PS Reichman, ME Campbell, WS Barrett, JC Hursting, SD Judd, JT Taylor, PR AF Lavigne, JA Wimbrow, HH Clevidence, BA Albert, PS Reichman, ME Campbell, WS Barrett, JC Hursting, SD Judd, JT Taylor, PR TI Effects of alcohol and menstrual cycle on insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; FACTOR BINDING-PROTEIN-3; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; COLORECTAL-CANCER; PLASMA-LEVELS; LUNG-CANCER; IGF-I; SERUM; HORMONE; PROLACTIN AB Alcohol ingestion and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGFI) have been associated with increased breast cancer risk, the latter primarily in premenopausal women. We investigated whether alcohol ingestion altered IGF-I or its major binding protein (BP), IGFBP-3, in a controlled feeding study in premenopausal women. We also determined whether IGF-I or IGFBP-3 was affected by menstrual cycle phase. Serum was collected from 31 individuals who were randomly assigned to consume either 0 or 30 g (two drinks) of alcohol daily for three menstrual cycles and who then crossed over to the other alcohol level for three cycles. All calories were provided and weight was maintained during the study. For both alcohol levels, serum was collected during the final cycle at early follicular, periovulatory, and luteal phases. Relative to the follicular phase, IGF-I levels increased by 3.3% and 7.6% in the periovulatory and luteal phases, respectively (P for trend = 0.004). Although alcohol ingestion did not affect this increase, it significantly reduced IGF-I concentrations at all phases (9.5%; P < 0.001), whereas IGFBP-3 was unaffected by either menstrual phase or alcohol. This is the first controlled diet study to show that alcohol decreases serum IGF-I in premenopausal women and that IGF-I significantly increases over the course of the menstrual cycle whether or not alcohol is present. C1 NCI, Lab Biosyst & Canc, Canc Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Betsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lavigne, JA (reprint author), NCI, Lab Biosyst & Canc, Canc Res Ctr, 9000 Rockville Pike,Bldg 37,Room5046, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM lavignej@mail.nih.gov NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2264 EP 2267 PG 4 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 884IC UT WOS:000226077100041 PM 15598790 ER PT J AU Pan, YD Luo, TX Birdsey, R Hom, J Melillo, J AF Pan, YD Luo, TX Birdsey, R Hom, J Melillo, J TI New estimates of carbon storage and sequestration in China's forests: Effects of age-class and method on inventory-based carbon estimation SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Quantifying Terrestrial Carbon Sinks CY SEP, 2002 CL Wengen, SWITZERLAND SP Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, EU, Joint Res Ctr, Global Carbon Project, Australian Greenhouse Off, CSIRO, Swiss Agcy Environm, Forest & Landscape ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; US FORESTS; BIOMASS ESTIMATION; TROPICAL FORESTS; WOODY BIOMASS; PATTERNS; BUDGET AB We developed a volume-to-biomass method based on age groups representative of forest development stages to estimate live tree biomass, C, and biomass and C accumulation rates of China's forests between 1973 and 1993. The data were from plot-level forest inventory, national-level inventory statistics, and ecological site studies specified to estimate biomass in different tree components. Our results indicate that carbon storage in China's forests was 4.34 Pg C in the early 1990s, an increase of 13% since the early 1970s. The annual forest C sequestration rate front the late 1980s to early 1990s was 0.068 Pg C/yr and approximately four- to five-times higher than in the 1970s and 1980s. The large C sink in China's forests in the early 1990s was likely related to age structure changes that had developed to more productive stages, a consequence of reforestation and afforestation programs front the 1960s. The results were compared with other C store estimates, which were based on the same inventory data. Various methods can produce estimates that differ in the direction of C flux as well as its magnitude. Separating age groups with the volume-biomass method could cause a 27% difference in estimated carbon pools but an 89% difference in C sequestration rates whereas the biomass density method would provide an estimate that differs by 65% in the C pools. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, No Global Change Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Pan, YD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Global Change Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM ypan@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 68 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2004 VL 67 IS 2-3 BP 211 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s10584-004-2799-5 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899ZE UT WOS:000227183600005 ER PT J AU Krankina, ON Harmon, ME Cohen, WB Oetter, DR Zyrina, O Duane, MV AF Krankina, ON Harmon, ME Cohen, WB Oetter, DR Zyrina, O Duane, MV TI Carbon stores, sinks, and sources in forests of northwestern Russia: Can we reconcile forest inventories with remote sensing results? SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Quantifying Terrestrial Carbon Sinks CY SEP, 2002 CL Wengen, SWITZERLAND SP Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, EU, Joint Res Ctr, Global Carbon Project, Australian Greenhouse Off, CSIRO, Swiss Agcy Environm, Forest & Landscape ID ATTRIBUTES; USA AB Forest inventories and remote sensing are the two principal data sources used to estimate carbon (C) stocks and fluxes for large forest regions. National governments have historically relied on forest inventories for assessments but developments in remote sensing technology provide additional opportunities for operational C monitoring. The estimate of total C stock in live forest biomass modeled from Landsat imagery for the St. Petersburg region was consistent with estimates derived from forest inventory data for the early 1990s (272 and 269 TgC, respectively). The estimates of mean C sink in live forest biomass also agreed well (0.36 and 0.34 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1)). Virtually all forest lands were accumulating C in live biomass, however when the net change in total ecosystem C stock was considered, 19% of the forest area were a net Source of C. The average net C sink in total ecosystem biomass is quite weak (0.08 MgC ha(-1) yr(-1) and could be reversed by minor increases in harvest rates or a small decline in biomass growth rates. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Georgia Coll, Dept Hist & Geog, Milledgeville, GA 31061 USA. European Forest Inst, Joensuu 80100, Finland. RP Krankina, ON (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 202 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM krankinao@fsl.orst.edu NR 21 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2004 VL 67 IS 2-3 BP 257 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10584-004-3154-6 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899ZE UT WOS:000227183600008 ER PT J AU Davis, KB AF Davis, KB TI Temperature affects physiological stress responses to acute confinement in sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; glucose; chloride; confinement; stress; sunshine bass; temperature ID HYBRID STRIPED BASS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; CORTISOL; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; RATION AB Sunshine bass (Morone chiysops x Morone saxatilis) were subjected to a 15-min low-water confinement stressor at temperatures ranging from 5 to 30degreesC. Physiological responses were evaluated by measuring hematocrit, and plasma chloride, glucose and cortisol. Fish acclimated to 30degreesC had initial glucose concentrations of 3.13 mM (564 mg/L) which were significantly lower than in fish acclimated to 5 and 10degreesC (4.32 and 4.82 mM or 779 and 868 mg/l, respectively). Fish survived the conditions imposed at every temperature except 30 degreesC, where 15 out of 42 fish died during the stress and recovery protocol. The general pattern was an initial increase in hematocrit, followed by a delayed decrease in hematocrit and chloride, and an increase in plasma glucose and cortisol. In general, fish stressed at temperatures below 20degreesC had lower and more delayed changes in plasma glucose and cortisol than fish tested at 20, 25 and 30degreesC. Initial cortisol concentrations were 65 ng/ml and increased to above 200 ng/ml in fish held at 20degreesC and above. At the higher temperatures, glucose concentrations were twice the initial concentration after stress and cortisol changes were four to five times the initial concentration after the stress. Quantitative responses for glucose and cortisol were moderate and recovery rapid in fish stressed at 10 and 15degreesC; therefore, this range of water temperature is recommended when handling sunshine bass. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Davis, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM kbdavis@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 139 IS 4 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.09.012 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 887AM UT WOS:000226274700005 PM 15596388 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Russell, BA Poch, SM Richards, MP AF Rosebrough, RW Russell, BA Poch, SM Richards, MP TI Methimazole, thyroid hormone replacement, and lipogenic enzyme gene expression in broilers SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thyroid; gene expression; lipogenesis; enzyme activities; metabolism ID GROWTH-HORMONE; MALIC ENZYME; LIPID-METABOLISM; MESSENGER-RNAS; CHICKENS; PROTEIN; INVITRO; PLASMA; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; TRANSCRIPTION AB The purpose of this experiment was to determine the possible relationship between certain indices of lipid metabolism and specific gene expression in chickens fed methimazole to simulate hypothyroidism. Male broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) growing from 7 to 28 days of age were fed diets containing 18% crude protein and either 0 or 1 g methimazole per kilogram of diet. At 28 days, these two groups were further subdivided into groups receiving 18% crude protein diets containing either 0 or 1 mg triiodothyronine (T-3) per kilogram. Birds were sampled at 28, 30, and 33 days. Measurements taken included in vitro lipogenesis (IVL), malic enzyme (ME) activity, isocitrate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, and the expression of the genes for ME, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl coenzyme carboxylase (ACC). Hypothyroidism decreased IVL and ME at 28 days of age; however, T-3 supplementation for 2 days restored both IVL and ME. Paradoxically, continuing T-3 replenishment for an additional 3 days decreased IVL but did not decrease ME activity. In contrast, supplemental T3 decreased IVL in euthyroid birds, regardless of the dosing interval, but had no effect on ME activity. Although methimazole decreased ME gene expression, there was only a transitory relationship between enzyme activity and gene expression when plasma T3 was restored with exogenous T-3. These data may help to explain some of the apparent reported dichotomies in lipid metabolism elicited by changes in the thyroid state of animals. In addition, most metabolic changes in response to feeding T3 occurred within 2 to 5 days, suggesting that changes in intermediary metabolism preceded morphological changes. In conclusion, the thyroid state of the animal will determine responses to exogenous T-3. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 200 Rm 212, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rosebro@ANRI.BARC.USDA.GOV NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 139 IS 4 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2004.09.014 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 899BT UT WOS:000227120600002 PM 15683826 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Sharmasarkar, S Pasakdee, S AF Banuelos, GS Sharmasarkar, S Pasakdee, S TI Utilization of biosolids as a fertilizer for canola SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; SOIL; NITROGEN; CADMIUM; YIELD; QUALITY; METALS AB A two-year study was conducted to determine the crop yield and nutrient uptake in canola and elemental levels in soils amended with biosolids applied at four rates for seven years. The biosolids application rates of 0, 1.9, 5.8, and 11.7 Mg ha(-1) (dry basis) were based on providing the following amounts of total N (in kg N ha-1): 0 (control), 57 (low), 170 (medium), and 340 (high). After second year harvest, soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-45 cm depths and analyzed for total and water-extractable essential (N, Ca, Mg, K, P, S, B, Mn, Zn, and Cu) and nonessential elements (Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni), pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Generally, biosolids application significantly increased the concentrations of total and water extractable essential elements at the 0-15 cm depth, whereas concentrations of total and water extractable nonessential elements (Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni) were only detected at trace levels for both depths. There was a significant increase in soil EC and soil organic matter content with biosolids application at the 0-15 cm depth. Biosolids treatments significantly increased the total dry matter yields 1.5 to 3.8 times above that of the control and increased concentrations of most essential elements in canola leaves. The overall results suggest that amending sandy loam soils with biosolids of the tested quality can increase yield and forage quality of canola leaves with negligible increases in nonessential trace element concentrations in soil and/or in leaves. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA USA. RP USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1065-657X EI 2326-2397 J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 807EK UT WOS:000220484600010 ER PT J AU Duffy, B Sarreal, C Ravva, S Stanker, L AF Duffy, B Sarreal, C Ravva, S Stanker, L TI Effect of molasses on regrowth of E-coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella in compost teas SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER; TYPHIMURIUM; PATHOGENS; MANURE; MICROORGANISMS; CONTAMINATION; EXTRACTS; PRODUCE; LETTUCE; CULTURE AB Compost water extracts (compost teas) are gaining popularity among organic growers, largely because of their disease suppressive activity when applied to foliage or soil. Production methods often include addition of supplemental constituents, particularly molasses, to stimulate plant-beneficial microbial populations. We have found that molasses amendments also favor regrowth of human pathogenic bacteria, raising public health concerns about potential contamination of treated crops, particularly produce intended for fresh consumption. Using disease outbreak strains marked with greenfluorescent protein (GFP) and spontaneous antibiotic-resistance, we found that regrowth of Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson and Escherichia coli O157:H7 was positively correlated with molasses concentration. For Salmonella, regrowth was also dependent on the type of starter compost material used. Salmonella populations increased from 1 at time 0 to over 1000 CFU ml(-1) in dairy manure compost tea with 1% molasses, and from 1 at time 0 to over 350,000 CFU ml-1 in chicken manure compost tea by 72 h. E. coli populations increased from I at time 0 to approximately 1000 CFU ml(-1) in both types of tea by 72 h. Pathogen regrowth did not occur when molasses was eliminated or kept to 0.2%. C1 Eidgenoss Forschungsanstalt Obst Wein & Gartenbau, Wadenswil, Switzerland. USDA ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Duffy, B (reprint author), Eidgenoss Forschungsanstalt Obst Wein & Gartenbau, Wadenswil, Switzerland. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 807EK UT WOS:000220484600014 ER PT J AU Yates, IE Arnold, JW Bacon, CW Hinton, DM AF Yates, IE Arnold, JW Bacon, CW Hinton, DM TI In vitro assessments of diverse plant pathogenic fungi treated with a novel growth control agent SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE fumonisins; fungicide; iodine-containing agent; conidia; mycelia ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SOIL TREATMENT; MAIZE; CORN; SEED; FUMONISINS; KERNELS; ROT AB The efficacy of an agent with an iodine-based active ingredient (a.i.) was evaluated for controlling the growth of fungi pathogenic to many different food crops. Even though iodine is a necessary mineral for mammals and is an approved food additive, interest in using iodine-based agrochemicals for fungal control is recent. Fusarium verticillioides (synonym = F. moniliforme J. Sheld) sensitivity to the iodine-base agent was determined using two methods. One method used an agar plug taken from an actively growing culture and the other method used isolated conidia. The concentration of the agent required to inhibit growth of F. verticillioides was greater for the culture plug than isolated conidia. Forty-eight strains of F verticillioides were analyzed representing different states within the United States, countries outside the United States, monocot and dicot plant hosts, and mating types. All strains of F. verticillioides, regardless of geographic origin, plant host, or mating type were sensitive to the test compound. In addition, 25 species of fungi pathogenic to a diverse array of crops were analyzed and demonstrated to be sensitive to this agent. A pesticide developed with an iodine-based a.i. could be an effective control for diverse fungi pathogenic to a range of plant hosts. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Yates, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM iyates@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1169 EP 1176 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2004.03.019 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 873MN UT WOS:000225284500002 ER PT J AU Teixeira, DD Rocha, SRP Santos, MD Mariano, AG Bin Li, W Monteiro, PB AF Teixeira, DD Rocha, SRP Santos, MD Mariano, AG Bin Li, W Monteiro, PB TI A suitable Xylella fastidiosa CVC strain for post-genome studies SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; EXPERIMENTAL HOST; SWEET ORANGE; PLANT; BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; DISEASE; CULTURE AB The genome sequence of the pathogen Xylella fastidiosa Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) strain 9a5c has revealed many genes related to pathogenicity mechanisms and virulence determinants. However, strain 9a5c is resistant to genetic transformation, impairing mutant production for the analysis of pathogenicity mechanisms and virulence determinants of this fastidious phytopathogen. By screening different strains, we found out that cloned strains J1a12, B111, and S11400, all isolated from citrus trees affected by CVC, are amenable to transformation, and J1a12 has been used as a model strain in a functional genomics program supported by FAPESP (Sao Paulo State Research Foundation). However, we have found that strain J1a12, unlike strains 9a5c and B111, was incapable of inducing CVC symptoms when inoculated in citrus plants. We have now determined that strain B111 is an appropriate candidate for post-genome studies of the CVC strain of X. fastidiosa. C1 Fdn Defesa Citricultura Fundecitrus, BR-14807040 Melhado Araraquara V, SP, Brazil. ARS, USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Alellyx Appl Genom, BR-13480060 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Teixeira, DD (reprint author), Fdn Defesa Citricultura Fundecitrus, Av Dr Adhemar Pereira Barros 201, BR-14807040 Melhado Araraquara V, SP, Brazil. EM diva@fundecitrus.com.br RI Teixeira, Diva/N-1394-2013 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 49 IS 6 BP 396 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s00284-004-4363-y PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 873GB UT WOS:000225266800003 ER PT J AU Peter, G Neale, D AF Peter, G Neale, D TI Molecular basis for the evolution of xylem lignification SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS; COMPLEX DISEASES; METHYLATION; ANGIOSPERMS; MUTANT; EXPRESSION AB The lignification of xylem is an adaptive trait of great significance. Gymnosperms and angiosperms share an ancient, conserved set of enzymes that are regulated by a conserved transcription factor and that are responsible for the formation of guaiacyl lignin. Angiosperms have evolved at least two enzymes that catalyze the production of syringyl lignin. Association genetics is now being used to explore the adaptive significance of sequence variation in the genes that encode these monolignol biosynthetic enzymes. C1 Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Inst Genet, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, US Forest Serv,Inst Forest Genet, USDA,Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Peter, G (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Inst Genet, POB 1,10410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM gfpeter@ufl.edu; dbneale@ucdavis.edu NR 34 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 11 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 7 IS 6 BP 737 EP 742 DI 10.1016/j.ppi.2004.09.002 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 870TI UT WOS:000225080700018 PM 15491924 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC AF Tobin, PC TI Estimation of the spatial autocorrelation function: consequences of sampling dynamic populations in space and time SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; COLEOPTERA; ECOLOGY; PERSISTENCE; TRANSIENTS; VARIANCE; PATTERNS; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; IMPACT AB The estimation of spatial autocorrelation in spatially- and temporally-referenced data is fundamental to understanding an organism's population biology. I used four sets of census field data, and developed an idealized space-time dynamic system, to Study the behavior of spatial autocorrelation estimates when a practical method of sampling is employed. Estimates were made using both a classical geostatistical approach and a recently developed non-parametric approach. In field data, the estimate of the local spatial autocorrelation (i.e. autocorrelation as the distance between pairs of sampling points approaches 0), was greatly affected by sample size, while the range of spatial dependence (i.e. the distance at which the autocorrelation becomes negligible) was fairly stable. Similar patterns were seen in the theoretical system, as well as greater variability in local spatial autocorrelation during the invasion stage of colonization. When sampling for the purposes of quantifying spatial patterns, improved estimates of spatial autocorrelation may be obtained by increasing the number of pairs of points that are close in space at the expense of attempting to cover the entire region of interest with equidistant sampling points. Also, results from the theoretical space-time system suggested that greater resolution in sampling may be required in newly establishing populations relative to those already established. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 6 BP 767 EP 775 DI 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03977.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 882XY UT WOS:000225974900008 ER PT J AU Kauffman, JB Thorpe, AS Brookshire, ENJ AF Kauffman, JB Thorpe, AS Brookshire, ENJ TI Livestock exclusion and belowground ecosystem responses in riparian meadows of Eastern Oregon SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ecological resilience; ecological restoration; infiltration rates; livestock effects; N dynamics; Oregon (USA) meadow communities; dry and wet; riparian zones; root biomass; soil properties ID NORTHEASTERN OREGON; VEGETATION; DEFOLIATION; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY; HERBIVORY; UNGULATE; ZONES AB Ecological restoration of riparian zones that have been degraded by decades of overgrazing by livestock is of paramount importance for the improvement of water quality and fish and wildlife habitats in the western United States. An increasingly common approach to the restoration of habitats of endangered salmon in the Columbia Basin of the Pacific Northwest (USA) is to exclude livestock from streamside communities. Yet, few studies have examined how ending livestock grazing changes ecosystem properties and belowground processes in herbaceous-dominated riparian plant communities (meadows). Along the Middle Fork John Day River, Oregon, we compared ecosystem properties of dry (grass and forb-dominated) and wet (sedge-dominated) meadow communities at three sites that had been managed for sustainable livestock production with three sites where livestock had been excluded for 9-18 years as a means of riparian and stream restoration. Profound differences in the belowground properties of grazed and exclosed communities were measured. In dry meadows, total belowground biomass (TBGB consisting of roots and rhizomes) was similar to50% greater in exclosures (1105 and 1652 g/m(2) in the grazed and exclosed sites, respectively). In exclosed wet meadows, the TBGB was 62% greater than in the grazed sites (1761 and 2857 g/m(2), respectively). Soil bulk density was significantly lower, and soil pore space was higher in exclosed sites of both meadow types. The mean infiltration rate in exclosed dry meadows was similar to 13-fold greater than in grazed dry meadows (142 vs. 11 cm/h), and in wet meadows the mean infiltration rate in exclosures was 233% greater than in grazed sites (24 vs. 80 cm/h). In exclosed wet meadows, the rate of net potential nitrification was 149-fold greater (0.747 vs. 0.005 mug NO3-N-[g soil](-l).d(-1)), and the rate of net potential mineralization was 32-fold greater (0.886 vs. 0.027 mug N.[g soil](-l).d(-1), respectively) when compared to grazed sites, though changes observed in dry meadows were not significant. Livestock removal was found to be an effective approach to ecological restoration, resulting in significant changes in soil, hydrological, and vegetation properties that, at landscape scales, would likely have great effects on stream channel structure, water quality, and the aquatic biota. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Kauffman, JB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St,Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM boonekauffman@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1671 EP 1679 DI 10.1890/03-5083 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 881IV UT WOS:000225858000005 ER PT J AU Arthur, JL Camm, JD Haight, RG Montgomery, CA Polasky, S AF Arthur, JL Camm, JD Haight, RG Montgomery, CA Polasky, S TI Weighing conservation objectives: Maximum expected coverage versus endangered species protection SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation; endangered species; goal trade-offs; optimization; Oregon; site selection model; species representation ID RESERVE SITE SELECTION; NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; OPTIMIZATION APPROACH; POPULATION VIABILITY; DEMOGRAPHIC-MODELS; NETWORKS; BIODIVERSITY; AREAS AB Decision makers involved in land acquisition and protection often have multiple conservation objectives and are uncertain about the occurrence of species or other features in candidate sites. Models informing decisions on selection of sites for reserves need to provide information about cost-efficient trade-offs between objectives and account for incidence uncertainty. We describe a site selection model with two important conservation objectives: maximize expected number of species represented, and maximize the likelihood that a subset of endangered species is represented. The model uses probabilistic species occurrence data in a linear-integer formulation solvable with commercial software. The model is illustrated using probabilistic occurrence data for 403 terrestrial vertebrates in 147 candidate sites in western Oregon, USA. The trade-offs between objectives are explicitly measured by incrementally varying the threshold probability for endangered species representation and recording the change in expected number of species represented. For instance, in the example presented here, we found that under most budget constraints, the probability of representing three endangered species can be increased from 0.00 (i.e., no guaranteed protection) to 0.90 while reducing expected species representation similar to2%. However, further increasing the probability of endangered species representation from 0.90 to 0.99 results in a much larger reduction in species representation of similar to14%. Although the numerical results from our analysis are specific to the species and area studied, the methodology is general and applicable elsewhere. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Quantiat Anal & Operat Management, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Arthur, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, 44 Kidder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM arthur@stat.orst.edu NR 45 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1936 EP 1945 DI 10.1890/02-5360 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 881IV UT WOS:000225858000025 ER PT J AU Riitters, K Wickham, J Coulston, J AF Riitters, K Wickham, J Coulston, J TI Use of road maps in national assessments of forest fragmentation in the United States SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; ANCILLARY DATA; SATELLITE DATA; MESSAGE CLEAR; ECOLOGY; SCALE; AMAZON AB The question of incorporating road maps into U.S. national assessments of forest fragmentation has been a contentious issue, but there has not been a comparative national analysis to inform the debate. Using data and indices from previous national assessments, we compared fragmentation as calculated from high-resolution land-cover maps alone (Method 1) and after superimposing detailed road maps (Method 2). There was more overall fragmentation with Method 2. However, because roads were often adjacent to other nonforest land cover, Method 1 typically detected > 80% of the forest edge and > 88% of the fragmentation of core, i.e., intact, forest that was detected by Method 2. Indices based on individual patch size changed much more for Method 2; for example, area-weighted average patch size was typically 50-90% smaller. The relative geographic distribution of core forest was the same for both methods. Our results emphasize that the question of incorporating road maps must consider the purpose of the assessment, the characteristics of the data, and the relative sensitivities of indices to different patterns of fragmentation. As a practical matter, unless road-caused fragmentation is of special interest, land-cover maps alone may provide an adequate representation of the geography of forest fragmentation. C1 US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Riitters, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 2 AR 13 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912FE UT WOS:000228062200007 ER PT J AU Wear, D Pye, J Riitters, K AF Wear, D Pye, J Riitters, K TI Defining conservation priorities using fragmentation forecasts SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPES; BIRDS; SOUTH; ROAD AB Methods are developed for forecasting the effects of population and economic growth on the distribution of interior forest habitat. An application to the southeastern United States shows that models provide significant explanatory power with regard to the observed distribution of interior forest. Estimates for economic and biophysical variables are significant and consistent with theory. Forecasts of interior forest based on the population and economic growth projected for the region are displayed by ecological section and province and by metropolitan statistical area (MSA). Loss of interior forests is expected to be especially high in certain ecological sections, including the southern Appalachian Piedmont in North and South Caroline, the Gulf prairies and marshes in Texas, and the Florida coastal lowlands. Sixty-six percent of loss of interior forests will be in urban counties, which highlights the conservation importance of the urbanizing fringe of several cities. Among the ten MSAs that will lose the most interior forest, seven are found in Florida. These forecasts provide a mechanism for assigning priorities and targeting areas for more detailed study and for conservation efforts. C1 US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Wear, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Pye, John/B-2983-2008 OI Pye, John/0000-0001-8413-1216 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 5 AR 4 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912OD UT WOS:000228087800005 ER PT J AU Decker-Walters, DS Wilkins-Ellert, M Chung, SM Staub, JE AF Decker-Walters, DS Wilkins-Ellert, M Chung, SM Staub, JE TI Discovery and genetic assessment of wild bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley; Cucurbitaceae] from Zimbabwe SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE bottle gourd; Lagenaria siceraria; Lagenaria sphaerica; RAPD; cpDNA sequencing AB Decker-Walters, Deena S., Mary Wilkins-Ellert (The Cucurbit Network, P.O. Box 560483, Miami, FL 33256; cucurbitnetwork@netscape.net), Sang-Min Chung and Jack E. Staub (USDA/ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Department of Horticulture, 1575 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706). DISCOVERY AND GENETIC ASSESSMENT OF WILD BOTTLE GOURD [LAGENARIA SICERARIA (MOL.) STANDLEY; CUCURBITACEAE] FROM ZIMBABWE. Economic Botany 58(4):501-508, 2004. Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley] is an edible, medicinal, and otherwise utilitarian domesticated cucurbit with an ancient pantropical distribution. This African native reached Asia and the Americas 9000 years ago, probably as a wild species whose fruits had floated across the seas. Independent domestications from wild populations are believed to have occurred in both the Old and New Worlds. However, few wild populations of L. siceraria have been found during recorded history and none has been verified or studied in detail. In 1992, Mary Wilkins-Ellert discovered an unusual free-living plant of Lagenaria in a remote region of southeastern Zimbabwe. Her morphological observations during several plantings of the collected seed, as well as results from two genetic analyses (random amplified polymorphic DNA and chloroplast sequencing), indicate that the Zimbabwe collection is part of a genetically distinct and wild lineage of L. siceraria. C1 Cucurbit Network, Miami, FL 33256 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Decker-Walters, DS (reprint author), Cucurbit Network, POB 560483, Miami, FL 33256 USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 58 IS 4 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0501:DAGAOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 901QS UT WOS:000227297600001 ER PT J AU Dahlberg, JA Burke, JJ Rosenow, DT AF Dahlberg, JA Burke, JJ Rosenow, DT TI Development of a sorghum core collection: Refinement and evaluation of a subset from Sudan SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Sorghum; Sorghum bicolor; germplasm; Sudan; heat tolerance; genetic diversity ID CHINESE SPRING WHEAT; ACQUIRED THERMOTOLERANCE; GERMPLASM COLLECTION; RAPD MARKERS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Dahlberg, J. A. (National Grain Sorghum Producers, 4201 North 1-27, Lubbock, TX 79403; e-mail jeff@sorghumgrowers.com), J. J. Burke (USDA-ARS Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, 3810 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79415), and D. T. Rosenow (Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Route 3, Box 219, Lubbock, TX 79401-9757). DEVELOPMENT OF A SORGHUM CORE COLLECTION: REFINEMENT AND EVALUATION OF A SUBSET FROM SUDAN. Economic Botany 58(4):556-567, 2004. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) maintains over 40 000 sorghum accessions, which is too large to adequately screen at one time. The objectives of this research were to establish an initial core collection and use clustering techniques to refine one sub-set of that core. Because much of the total sorghum collection lacks complete descriptor or other usable data, the collection was broken out into its respective country of origin and random selection of 10% of the accessions from each country was used to develop the core. Based on these criteria, a core collection of 3011 accessions representing 77 different countries was developed A more complete phenotypic dataset representing the Sudan allowed for the development of a refined subset of the core collection from this country. The core from Sudan is made up of 352 accessions that represent 13.8% of the total Sudan collection. This core was then evaluated for imbibitional high temperature sensitivity, leaf high temperature sensitivity, and acquired thermotolerance. The results show that these assay systems evaluate distinct aspects of the sorghums' metabolism and that each assay provides unique information about the relative heat tolerance of the sorghum. The impact of the sorghum core collection at this time is unknown. Theoretically, the core should provide a road map from which scientists can map genetic diversity of sorghum and further enhance the capabilities to isolate and clone genes of importance in the future. C1 Natl Grain Sorghum Producers, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Dahlberg, JA (reprint author), Natl Grain Sorghum Producers, 4201 North I-27, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM jeff@sorghumgrowers.com NR 36 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 58 IS 4 BP 556 EP 567 DI 10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0556:DOASCC]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 901QS UT WOS:000227297600007 ER PT J AU Kerns, BK Alexander, SJ Bailey, JD AF Kerns, BK Alexander, SJ Bailey, JD TI Huckleberry abundance, stand conditions, and use in western Oregon: Evaluating the role of forest management SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE huckleberries; understory species; NTFPs; forest management; stand thinning; Pacific Northwest ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; VACCINIUM-MEMBRANACEUM; DIVERSITY; CANOPIES; YOUNG AB Kerns, Becky K. (Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; e-mail: bkerns@fs.fed.us), Susan J. Alexander (Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3200 Jofferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA), and John D. Bailey (School of Forestry, College of Ecosystem Science and Management, Northern Arizona University, Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA). HUCKLEBERRY ABUNDANCE, STAND CONDITIONS, AND USE IN WESTERN OREGON: EVALUATING THE ROLE OF FOREST MANAGEMENT. Economic Botany 58(4):668-678, 2004. Huckleberries are major components of the understory vegetation in coniferous Pacific Northwest forests of the United States. Vaccinium species also have a long history of human use. However, little research has been done to ascertain how they respond to common forest management practices. We used data obtained from old-growth, young thinned, and young unthinned Douglas-fir stands in western Oregon to evaluate how forest management could potentially influence species abundance and product supply. Our analysis focused on three species: Vaccinium ovatum, V parvifolium, and V membranaceum. Results were variable, but indicate that overstory stand conditions and forest management can affect huckleberry species abundance. However, to assess fully the effects of forest management on these species, studies specifically designed to target areas where people harvest these products are needed. Measuring relevant product attributes such as commercial productivity is also critical. C1 Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Coll Ecosyst Sci & Management, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Kerns, BK (reprint author), Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bkerns@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 58 IS 4 BP 668 EP 678 DI 10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0668:HASCAU]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 901QS UT WOS:000227297600015 ER PT J AU Estrada-Franco, JG Navarro-Lopez, R Freier, JE Cordova, D Clements, T Moncayo, A Kang, WL Gomez-Hernandez, C Rodriguez-Dominguez, G Ludwig, GV Weaver, SC AF Estrada-Franco, JG Navarro-Lopez, R Freier, JE Cordova, D Clements, T Moncayo, A Kang, WL Gomez-Hernandez, C Rodriguez-Dominguez, G Ludwig, GV Weaver, SC TI Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, southern Mexico SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN MEXICO; SUBTYPE-IE; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; AMERICA; EMERGENCE; EPIZOOTICS; ANTIBODIES AB Equine epizootics of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) occurred in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas in 1993 and Oaxaca in 1996. To assess the impact of continuing circulation of VEE virus (VEEV) on human and animal populations, serologic and viral isolation studies were conducted in 2000 to 2001 in Chiapas State. Human serosurveys and risk analyses indicated that long-term endemic transmission of VEEV Occurred among villages with seroprevalence levels of 18% to 75% and that medical personnel had a high risk for VEEV exposure. Seroprevalence in wild animals suggested cotton rats as possible reservoir hosts in the region. Virus isolations from sentinel animals and genetic characterizations of these strains indicated continuing circulation of a subtype IE genotype, which was isolated from equines during the recent VEE outbreaks. These data indicate long-term enzootic and endemic VEEV circulation in the region and continued risk for disease in equines and humans. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Comis Mexico Estados Unidos Prevenc Fiebre Aftosa, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. INIFAP, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Tuxtle Gutierrez, Inst Salud Secretaria Salud Chiapas, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Weaver, SC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM sweaver@utmb.edu RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI25489, AI48807, N01-AI25489, AI39800, R01 AI048807] NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2113 EP 2121 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000009 PM 15663847 ER PT J AU Klenk, K Snow, J Morgan, K Bowen, R Stephens, M Foster, F Gordy, P Beckett, S Komar, N Gubler, D Bunning, M AF Klenk, K Snow, J Morgan, K Bowen, R Stephens, M Foster, F Gordy, P Beckett, S Komar, N Gubler, D Bunning, M TI Alligators as West Nile virus amplifiers SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; GARTER SNAKES THAMNOPHIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS; REPTILES; TEMPERATURE; VERTEBRATES AB Recent evidence suggests that American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) may be capable of transmitting West Nile virus (WNV) to other alligators. We experimentally exposed 24 juvenile alligators to WNV parenterally or orally. All became infected, and all but three sustained viremia titers >5.0 log(10) PFU/mL (a threshold considered infectious for Culex quinquetasciatus mosquitoes) for 1 to 8 days. Noninoculated tankmates also became infected. The viremia profiles and multiple routes of infection suggest alligators may play an important role in WNV transmission in areas with high population densities of juvenile alligators. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Klenk, K (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kaci.klenk@aphis.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI25489] NR 36 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2150 EP 2155 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000014 PM 15663852 ER PT J AU Allison, AB Mead, DG Gibbs, SEJ Hoffman, DM Stallknecht, DE AF Allison, AB Mead, DG Gibbs, SEJ Hoffman, DM Stallknecht, DE TI West Nile virus viremia in wild rock pigeons SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BIRDS; INFECTION; ECOLOGY AB Feral rock pigeons were screened for neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) during late winter/spring and summer of 2002 and 2003. Additionally, virus isolation from serum was attempted from 269 birds collected during peak transmission periods. The observed viremia levels and seroprevalence indicate that this species could be involved in amplifying WNV in urban settings. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Allison, AB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM aallison@vet.uga.edu RI Mead, Daniel/F-7501-2013 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU420515-02] NR 16 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2252 EP 2255 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000038 PM 15663876 ER PT J AU Erwin, PC Bemis, DA Mawby, DI McCombs, SB Sheeler, LL Himelright, IM Halford, SK Diem, L Metchock, B Jones, TF Schilling, MG Thomsen, BV AF Erwin, PC Bemis, DA Mawby, DI McCombs, SB Sheeler, LL Himelright, IM Halford, SK Diem, L Metchock, B Jones, TF Schilling, MG Thomsen, BV TI Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission from human to canine SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID FELINE POPULATIONS; DOG C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Erwin, PC (reprint author), 1522 Cherokee Trail, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. EM paul.erwin@state.tn.us NR 8 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2258 EP 2260 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000041 PM 15672533 ER PT J AU Fielding, DJ AF Fielding, DJ TI Developmental time of Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera : Acrididae) at high latitudes SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermoregulation; subarctic; phenological model ID RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA; BODY-TEMPERATURE; THERMAL ECOLOGY; MODEL; POPULATIONS; LEPIDOPTERA; SEASONALITY; PERFORMANCE; ARTHROPODS; ADAPTATION AB Rates of development of Melanoplus sanguinipes F. from Alaska were determined at eight constant temperatures between 21 and 42degreesC. Diurnally alternating temperatures were used to estimate rates of development at temperatures too low for nymphs to complete development under constant temperatures. Two previously published equations were fit to these data and used to predict developmental rates as a function of temperature. The first equation, nonlinear and only approaching zero rate of development asymptotically, was fit to the data from constant and alternating temperature treatments. The second equation, which included an intercept, was fit to the data from constant temperature treatments only. Estimated developmental times based on these equations were tested against observed developmental times in two fluctuating temperature regimes in growth chambers, and two seasons of field sampling. Elevation of body temperature of grasshoppers above ambient temperatures in the field was modeled as a linear function of solar irradiance, based on field measurements. The effect of behavioral thermoregulation on nymphal developmental times in the field was estimated using standard air temperatures and solar-adjusted temperatures. Rates of development under most of the constant temperature treatments were higher than any previously published for M. sanguinipes. Estimated rates of development in the field using air temperatures only were about one-half those using solar-adjusted temperatures. Observed developmental times in the held were 45 and 42 d in 2000 and 2002, respectively. Because of local adaptation and behavioral thermoregulation, duration of nymphal stages in M. sanguinipes is relatively independent of latitude. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fielding, DJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1513 EP 1522 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 882IL UT WOS:000225932500002 ER PT J AU Weeks, RD Wilson, LT Vinson, SB AF Weeks, RD Wilson, LT Vinson, SB TI Resource partitioning among colonies of polygyne red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; red imported fire ant; polygyne; resource partitioning; foraging ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA BUREN; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; COMMUNITIES; SIZE; MONOGYNE; RECRUITMENT; COMPETITION; RANGE AB Measurements of ant colony sizes and neighboring colony spatial structure figure importantly in a variety of socio-biological considerations. In this study, we used mass-marking and recapture techniques to quantify the foraging distribution and abundance of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, on individual bait cards from neighboring polygyne (multiple queens) colonies. Ants in six to eight adjacent colonies, at each of 10 sites, were mass-marked a unique color. Ants were collected at olive-oil baits in a 10 by 10-m area consisting of 61 baits at each site. Stepwise nonlinear regression showed that the distance to baits, colony size, and average internidal (between nests) spacing were significant predictors of the foraging distribution of ants from colonies. Most marked ants were collected within approximate to4 m of their colony. Foraging was more constrained at closer internidal distances. As internidal distances increased, colony foraging distances increased. There was a significant difference in the number of observed ants from colonies on individual baits compared with the expected number from the regression model. A chi(2) analysis showed that high numbers of ants on individual baits from a colony had a significant negative effect on the number of foragers from adjacent colonies. Results show approximate to66% of the variation in foraging can be explained through colony size, location, and recruiting ability; however, foraging interference among ants from adjacent colonies occurs and may result in unequal sharing of resources (i.e., resource partitioning) among colonies. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Weeks, RD (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, 3505 25th Ave, Gulfport, MS 39501 USA. EM Ron.D.Weeks@APHIS.USDA.GOV RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1602 EP 1608 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 882IL UT WOS:000225932500014 ER PT J AU Campobasso, G Terragitti, G Colonnelli, E Spencer, NR AF Campobasso, G Terragitti, G Colonnelli, E Spencer, NR TI Host specificity of Thamnurgus euphorbiae Kuster (Coleoptera : Scolytidae): A potential biological control agent of leafy spurge Euphorbia esula L. (Euphorbiaceae) in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Thamnurgus euphorbiae; weed; beetle; biological control AB The beetle Thamnurgus eaphorbiae Kuster, whose larvae feed in the inner stems of Euphorbia characias L., found in Italy, was selected as a candidate agent for the biological control of Euphorbia esula-virgata Waldstein and Kitaibel in the United States. Its adaptation to and survival on several E. esula-virgata ecotypes from North America justified host range studies conducted in Italy during 1993-2001. Of the 47 plant species or varieties in 13 families tested, the beetle fed and completed its development on the control plant E. characias L. and test plants E. esula L. and E. cyparissias L. from Italy and E. esula-virgata from Nebraska, Montana, Oregon, Colorado, and Idaho. The other plant species in the subgenera Agaloma, Euphorbium, Chainaesyce, and Poinsettia, and the economic test plants including Zea mays L. and Ficus spp., were unsuitable for the development of eggs, larvae, and adults. Plants in the Labiatae, Tamaricaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Tropaealaceae families (hosts of other Thamnurgus species) were tested, but no feeding or oviposition was observed. A laboratory cage test was carried out testing the most important ecotypes of leafy spurge to be controlled in the United States. T euphorbiae attacked 60% of the exposed stems present on test plants and control plants. No significant difference was found between E. esula-virgata American ecotypes, the control plant E. characias, and the E. esula ecotype from Italy. T euphorbiae adults attacked big stems measuring 3.1-4.1 mm in diameter. Smaller stems (1-2 mm in diameter) were not attacked. A petition for the introduction of the beetle into U.S. quarantine has been approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service's Technical Advisory Group for Biological Control Agents of Weeds in 1999. The release of the beetle in the field is dependent on additional host range studies with native and rare U.S. plant species requested by Technical Advisory Group for Biological Control Agents of Weeds. This paper reports results of host range testing Conducted at the USDA-ARS-EBCL, Rome Substation, Italy, from 1993 to 2001. C1 USDA ARS, EBCL, Rome Substn, I-00132 Rome, Italy. Univ Rome, Dipartimento Biol Anim & Uomo, Rome, Italy. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, NAA,Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Campobasso, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, EBCL, Rome Substn, Via Colle Trugli 9, I-00132 Rome, Italy. EM ebcl.romesubstation@agora.it NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1673 EP 1680 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 882IL UT WOS:000225932500022 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT AF Vogt, JT TI Detection of imported fire ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) mounds with satellite imagery SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; photointerpretation; imported fire ants ID ESTABLISHMENT AB Satellite imagery (0.65-m resolution, panchromatic) was tested as a detection tool for imported fire ant mounds in northeast Mississippi pasture. Photointerpretation of satellite imagery resulted in an average detection rate of 46.9 +/- 1.2% of mounds. Mound size and mound height had a significant effect on mound visibility. Predicted detection rates, based on mound height and mound area, ranged from 24% for small mounds (15 cm high, 0.05 m(2)) to 66% for large mounds (30 cm high, 0.30 m(2)). Limitations and possible uses for satellite imagery in fire ant mound detection are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jvogt@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1718 EP 1721 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 882IL UT WOS:000225932500028 ER PT J AU Peck, SL McQuate, GT AF Peck, SL McQuate, GT TI Ecological aspects of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera : Tephritidae) on Maui, Hawaii: Movement and host preference SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal; metapopulation biology; Solamum torvum; Solanum linnaeanum; oviposition preference ID FLIES DIPTERA; ALPHA-IONOL; MELON FLY; DISPERSAL; FRUIT; INSECTS; FOOD AB Bactrocera latifrons is a tephritid fruit fly that invaded the Hawaiian Islands in 1983 and has since spread throughout the island chain. Its invasion was facilitated by the invasion of two previous nonendemic species of solanaceous plants: Solarium torvum and Solarium linnaeanum. This study explored three aspects of B. latirfrons biology: (1) the short-term temporal patterns of wild flies were examined in invasive populations of S. torvum; (2) B. latifrons host preference for two principal wild hosts, S. torvum and S. linnaeanum; and (3) the movement of B. latifrons among host patches of established populations of S. torvum in Iao Valley, Maui, HI. For the third objective, we conducted a mark-release-recapture study using flies dyed with a phosphorescing marker and flies marked with a vertebrate protein. The laboratory studies suggest the flies prefer ovipositing in S. linnaeanum to S. torvum and that survival in S. linnaeanum is higher than in S. torvum. Trap catches in the dispersal study did not exceed 200 In during the 6-wk course of the study, suggesting that dispersal rates are similar to those seen in other tephritid fruit fly species. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Peck, SL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM steven_peck@byu.edu NR 36 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1722 EP 1731 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 882IL UT WOS:000225932500029 ER PT J AU Bouldin, JL Farris, JL Moore, MT Cooper, CM AF Bouldin, JL Farris, JL Moore, MT Cooper, CM TI Vegetative and structural characteristics of agricultural drainages in the Mississippi Delta landscapes SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE macrophytes; conveyance structures; vegetated buffer; runoff; mitigation ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; WATER; CHLORPYRIFOS; ATRAZINE; PLANT; EUTROPHICATION; MITIGATION; PHOSPHORUS; DYNAMICS AB Agricultural drainage ditches in the Mississippi Alluvial Delta landscape vary from edge-of-field waterways to sizeable drainages. Ditch attributes vary with size, location and maintenance and may aid in mitigation of contaminants from agricultural fields. The goal of this study was to better understand how vegetative characteristics affect water quality in conveyance structures in the context of ditch class and surrounding land use. Characterization of 36 agricultural ditches included presence of riparian buffer strips, water depth, surrounding land use, vegetative cover, and associated aqueous physicochemical parameters. Vegetation was assessed quantitatively, obtaining stem counts in a sub-sample of ditch sites, using random quadrat method. Physical features varied with ditch size and vegetative diversity was higher in larger structures. Polygonum sp. was the dominant bed vegetation and was ubiquitous among site sizes. Macrophytes varied from aquatic to upland species, and included Leersia sp. and upland grasses (Poaceae family) in all drainage size classes. Percent cover of bed and bank varied from 0 to 100% and 70 to 100%, respectively, and highest nutrient values were measured in sites with no buffer strips. These conveyance structures and surrounding buffer zones are being ranked for their ability to reduce excess nutrients, suspended solids, and pesticides associated with runoff. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Bouldin, JL (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, POB 847, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM jbouldin@astate.edu NR 39 TC 51 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 132 IS 3 BP 403 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.026 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855MB UT WOS:000223976300004 PM 15325456 ER PT J AU Das, TK Houtman, C AF Das, TK Houtman, C TI Evaluating chemical-, mechanical-, and bio-pulping processes and their sustainability characterization using life-cycle assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE life-cycle assessment (LCA); chemicl pulping; mechanical pulping; biopulping; sustainabilty; TRACI AB Pulp and paper manufacturing constitutes one of the largest industry segments in the United States in term of water and energy usage and total discharges to the environment. More than many other industries, however, this industry plays an important role in sustainable development because its chief raw material-wood fiber-is renewable. This industry provides an example of how a resource can be managed to provide a sustained supply to meet society's current and future needs. The objective of this work is to present streamlined environmental life-cycle assessments (LCA) between chemical (kraft-sulfate), mechanical (or thermomechanical), and biopulping processes. This LCA would help us to evaluate the industry's current experience and practices in terms of environmental stewardship, regulatory and nonregulatory forces, life cycles of its processes and products, and future developments. The pulping industry has been traditionally using mechanical or chemical pulping methods, or a combination of the two, to produce pulps of desired characteristics. Mechanical pulping accounts for about 25% of the wood pulp production in the world today. Mechanical pulping, with its high yield, is viewed as a way to extend the forest resources. However, mechanical pulping is electrical energy-intensive and yields paper with less strength compared to that produced by the chemical pulping process. These disadvantages limit the use of mechanical pulps in many grades of paper. Chemical pulping accounts for about 75% of the wood pulp production in the world. This process produces paper with very high strength. However, the process has the disadvantages of being capital- and energy-intensive, giving relatively low yields, producing troublesome waste products, and producing by-products that are of relatively low values. (C) 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. C1 Washington Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Das, TK (reprint author), Washington Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. EM tdas461@ecy.wa.gov RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.1002/ep.10054 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886KV UT WOS:000226227100012 ER PT J AU Ferro, PJ Swaggerty, CL Kaiser, P Pevzner, IY Kogut, MH AF Ferro, PJ Swaggerty, CL Kaiser, P Pevzner, IY Kogut, MH TI Heterophils isolated from chickens resistant to extra-intestinal Salmonella enteritidis infection express higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA following infection than heterophils from susceptible chickens SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; RECEPTOR-MEDIATED PHAGOCYTOSIS; ADAPTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; INNATE IMMUNITY; AVIAN HETEROPHILS; GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; PLATELET PROTEIN AB Previous studies showed differences in in vitro heterophil function between parental (A > B) broilers and F1 reciprocal crosses (D > C). Our objectives were to (1) determine if in vitro variations translate to differences in resistance to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and (2) quantitate cytokine mRNA in heterophils from SE-infected chicks. One-day-old chicks were challenged and organs were cultured for SE. Chicks with efficient heterophils (A and D) were less susceptible to SE compared to chicks with inefficient heterophils (B and C). Heterophils were isolated from SE-infected chicks and cytokine mRNA expression was evaluated using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA was up-regulated in heterophils from SE-resistant chicks compared to susceptible chicks. This is the first report to quantitate cytokine mRNA in heterophils from SE-infected chicks. These data show a relationship between in vitro, heterophil function, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, and increased resistance to SE in 1-day-old chicks. C1 USDA ARS, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPARC, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kogut@fsru.tamu.edu NR 49 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 132 IS 6 BP 1029 EP 1037 DI 10.1017/S0950268804002687 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 884JX UT WOS:000226082100004 PM 15635959 ER PT J AU Lagiou, P Samoli, E Lagiou, A Tzonou, A Kalandidi, A Peterson, J Dwyer, J Trichopoulos, D AF Lagiou, P Samoli, E Lagiou, A Tzonou, A Kalandidi, A Peterson, J Dwyer, J Trichopoulos, D TI Intake of specific flavonoid classes and coronary heart disease - a case-control study in Greece SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE flavonoids; flavan-3-ols; coronary heart disease; diet ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK; MORTALITY; ANTIOXIDANTS; PREVENTION; ALCOHOL; ATHENS; CANCER; COHORT; DIET AB Objective: Dietary intake of flavonoids has been reported to protect against coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but associations of specific classes of flavonoids with CHD have not been adequately studied. Design: Hospital-based case-control study relying on interviewer administered questionnaires. Setting: Cardiology Department of the University of Athens Medical School in the Hippokrateion General Hospital (1990 - 1991). Subjects: Cases were 329 patients with electrocardiographically confirmed first coronary infarct or a first positive coronary arteriogram, or both ( participation fraction 93%). Controls were 570 patients admitted to the same hospital for minor conditions unrelated to nutrition ( participation fraction 95%). All cases and controls were interviewed in the hospital wards by experienced interviewers, and a 110-item food frequency questionnaire was administered. Results: There was statistically significant evidence (Psimilar to0.03) for an inverse association between intake of flavan-3-ols and CHD risk, an increase of about 21 mg per day corresponding to a 24% decrease in CHD risk. The inverse association between flavan-3-ols and CHD risk was largely accounted for by the intake of wine and to a lesser extent tea. For none of the other flavonoid classes was there statistically significant evidence of an association. Conclusion: Flavan-3-ols, which are largely found in wine and tea, are inversely associated with, and may be protective against, coronary heart disease. C1 Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. Athens Technol Inst, Fac Hlth Profess, Akadimia Platonos, Greece. Sch Nutr, Boston, MA USA. Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lagiou, P (reprint author), Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, 75 M Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. EM pdlagiou@med.uoa.gr OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 27 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1643 EP 1648 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602022 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 874ML UT WOS:000225354400011 PM 15226759 ER PT J AU Butnor, JR Johnsen, KH AF Butnor, JR Johnsen, KH TI Calibrating soil respiration measures with a dynamic flux apparatus using artificial soil media of varying porosity SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GAS-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; CO2 EFFLUX; FOREST SOIL; NUMERICAL EVALUATION; CLOSED CHAMBERS; ATMOSPHERE; EXCHANGE; FIELD; SYSTEMS AB Measurement of soil respiration to quantify ecosystem carbon cycling requires absolute, not relative, estimates of soil CO2 efflux. We describe a novel, automated efflux apparatus that can be used to test the accuracy of chamber-based soil respiration measurements by generating known CO2 fluxes. Artificial soil is supported above an air-filled footspace wherein the CO2 concentration is manipulated by mass flow controllers. The footspace is not pressurized so that the diffusion gradient between it and the air at the soil surface drives CO2 efflux. Chamber designs or measurement techniques can be affected by soil air volume, hence properties of the soil medium are critical. We characterized and utilized three artificial soils with diffusion coefficients ranging from 2.7 x 10(-7) to 11.9 x 10(-7) m(2) s(-1) and porosities of 0.26 to 0.46. Soil CO2 efflux rates were measured using a commercial dynamic closed-chamber system (Li-Cor 6400 photosynthesis system equipped with a 6400-09 soil CO2 flux chamber). On the least porous soil, small underestimates (< 5%) of CO2 effluxes were observed, which increased as soil diffusivity and soil porosity increased, leading to underestimates as high as 25%. Differential measurement bias across media types illustrates the need for testing systems on several types of soil media. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Butnor, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM jbutnor@fs.fed.us RI Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-0754 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 BP 639 EP 647 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00642.x PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 868NX UT WOS:000224921400001 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, JJ Gore, J AF Adamczyk, JJ Gore, J TI Laboratory and field performance of cotton containing Cry1ac, Cry1f, and both Cry1ac and Cry1f (Widestrike((R))) against beet armyworm and fall armyworm larvae (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE cotton; Cry1 genes; transgenic cotton; beet armyworm; fall armyworm; Spodoptera spp ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; TRANSGENIC COTTON; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MISSISSIPPI; RESISTANCE; PROTEINS; MOTHS; DELTA AB The efficacy of transgenic cotton genotypes containing Cry1Ac, Cry1F, and Cry1Ac stacked with Cry1F (WideStrike(R), Dow Agrosciences, Indianapolis, IN) were investigated during 2001-2003 against the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (=BAW), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (=FAW), in laboratory bioassays and small experimental field plots. In all experiments, cotton containing Cry1F was more toxic to BAW and FAW larvae compared to cotton containing only Cry1Ac. In the majority of experiments, the addition of Cry1Ac to the Cry1F genotype had no increased effect on efficacy and certain biological parameters against BAW and FAW larvae compared to cotton containing only Cry1F. Furthermore, the presence or absence of an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effect between Cry1Ac and Cry1F was not observed in these field and laboratory experiments. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Adamczyk, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0427:LAFPOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600001 ER PT J AU Cook, DR Leonard, BR Gore, J AF Cook, DR Leonard, BR Gore, J TI Field and laboratory performance of novel insecticides against armyworms (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE beet armyworm; Spodoptera exigua; fall armyworm; Spodoptera frugiperda; cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; soybean; Glycine max; insecticides ID FALL ARMYWORM; COTTON; LARVAE AB Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), are occasional pests of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. These insects can be difficult to control due to insecticide resistance and larval behavior on plants. The objectives of these studies were to determine the efficacy of selected insecticides against native infestations of beet armyworm in cotton and soybean and to generate baseline dose-mortality responses for beet armyworm and fall armyworm adults to indoxacarb and pyridalyl in the adult vial test. Indoxacarb, pyridalyl, spinosad, methoxyfenozide, and emamectin benzoate controlled beet armyworm infestations up to 10 d after treatment compared to the non-treated control. Thiodicarb reduced beet armyworm densities up to three d after treatment. The LC50 values of indoxacarb and pyridalyl for beet armyworm and fall armyworm exceeded the highest concentrations tested (100-200 mug/vial) in the adult vial test. Dose-mortality values of indoxacarb and pyridalyl were higher than discriminating concentrations of cypermethrin, methomyl, profenofos, and endosulfan used in the adult vial test for monitoring tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), susceptibility in Louisiana and Texas. These results indicate that the adult vial test may not be the most efficient test method for indoxacarb and pyridalyl in insecticide susceptibility monitoring programs. C1 LSU AgCtr, NE Res Stn, St Joseph, LA USA. LSU AgCtr, Macon Ridge Res Stn, Winnsboro, LA USA. USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Cook, DR (reprint author), LSU AgCtr, NE Res Stn, St Joseph, LA USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0433:FALPON]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600002 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN Meagher, RL AF Nagoshi, RN Meagher, RL TI Behavior and distribution of the two fall armyworm host strains in Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; area wide management; corn; turf grass ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BERMUDAGRASS RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; INFESTATIONS; ADAPTATION; STATES; CORN AB Fall armyworm is a significant agricultural pest in the United States, affecting most notably sweet corn and turf grass. While infesting much of North America, fall armyworms invading the eastern United States arise from annual migrations of populations wintering in southern Florida. It has long been noted that this seasonal geographical localization represents an opportunity for controlling this pest prior to its annual migration. However, such efforts have been hindered by the presence of two genetically distinct but morphologically identical strains that differ physiologically and behaviorally. The biology of the host strains is poorly understood and this lack of knowledge precludes accurate predictions of fall armyworm population behavior in the field. This paper reviews recent studies examining strain behavior and discusses the potential relevance of these results to the development of effective regional management strategies that can be used proactively to mitigate the economic impact of this pest. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 43 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 12 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 440 EP 449 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0440:BADOTT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600003 ER PT J AU Gore, J Adamczyk, JJ AF Gore, J Adamczyk, JJ TI Laboratory selection for beet armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) resistance to methoxyfenozide SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE IPM; intrepid; Spodoptera exigua; insect growth regulator ID NONSTEROIDAL ECDYSONE AGONIST; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; INSECTICIDES; RH-5849; LINE AB Beet armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), were artificially selected in the laboratory for resistance to the insect growth regulator, methoxyfenozide. A field collected beet armyworm colony was separated into three cohorts that were independently selected with three concentrations (0.033 ppm, 0.064 ppm, and 0.125 ppm) of methoxyfenozide incorporated into a meridic diet. These concentrations corresponded closely with the LC10 (0.033 ppm), LC50 (0.072 ppm), and LC90 (0. 161 ppm), respectively, for the original colony. After seven generations of continuous exposure to methoxyfenozide, resistance in the colony selected at the low concentration did not increase significantly. In contrast, LC50 values increased 9.7- and 9.4-fold for the colonies selected at the moderate and high concentrations, respectively, over that of the original colony. Crosses between resistant and susceptible individuals indicated that the resistance was heritable. At 4 d after exposure, mortality of offspring from the reciprocal crosses was intermediate between mortality for the offspring from the parental crosses. When rated at 10 d, mortality of offspring from the reciprocal crosses was not different significantly from offspring from the cross between susceptible parents. These data will be important for developing a management program for beet armyworm resistance to methoxyfenozide. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Gore, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 450 EP 453 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0450:LSFBAL]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600004 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Nagoshi, RN Stuhl, C Mitchell, ER AF Meagher, RL Nagoshi, RN Stuhl, C Mitchell, ER TI Larval development of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) on different cover crop plants SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; cowpeas; sunnhemp ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST STRAINS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; EGG MASSES; OVIPOSITION; ADAPTATION; SEQUENCE; STATES AB A series of laboratory and field experiments were conducted to compare larval development, feeding behavior, and ovipositional preference of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) on a standard host plant, a standard cover crop plant, and two candidate cover crop plants. The results indicate that larvae from different rearing cultures and host strains developed comparably on corn and sorghum-sudangrass, but generally developed poorly on cowpeas and sunnhemp. Larval and ovipositional experiments also suggested a preference for either corn or sorghum-sudangrass. Field plantings of cowpeas and sunnhemp, in two locations were ignored by fall armyworm in favor of corn. These studies suggest that cowpeas and sunnhemp have the potential to reduce stepping stone nursery populations of fall armyworm by lengthening developmental time and increasing larval mortality. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 11 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0454:LDOFAL]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600005 ER PT J AU Molina-Ochoa, J Carpenter, JE Lezama-Gutierrez, R Foster, JE Gonzalez-Ramirez, M Angel-Sahagun, CA Farias-Larios, J AF Molina-Ochoa, J Carpenter, JE Lezama-Gutierrez, R Foster, JE Gonzalez-Ramirez, M Angel-Sahagun, CA Farias-Larios, J TI Natural distribution of hymenopteran parasitoids of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae in Mexico SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; Chelonus; Pristomerus; Meteorus; Ophion; Campoletis; corn; survey ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HOST STRAINS; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; CORN GENOTYPES; COLIMA; STATES; PARASITIZATION; ICHNEUMONIDAE; CHLORPYRIFOS; BERMUDAGRASS AB A survey of parasitoids of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), larvae was conducted in six Mexican states during August and September 2000. Thirteen genera of hymenopteran parasitoids were recovered representing the following 3 families, Braconidae: Aleoides, Chelonus, Cotesia, Glyptapanteles, Homolobus, and Meteorus; Ichneumonidae: Campoletis, Eiphosoma, Ophion, and Pristomerus; and Eulophidae: Aprostocetus, Eaplectrus, and Horismenus. Out of 5591 FAW larvae collected, 772 produced parasitoids, for a parasitism rate of 13.8%. The highest rate of parasitism from a single collection was 42.2%, representing three species of parasitoids in Michoacan. Chelonus insularis Cresson was the most widely distributed species occurring in 45.3% of the locations. Pristomerus spinator (F.), and Meteorus laphygmae (Viereck), exhibited the highest rates of parasitism for a single collection with 22.2% and 22.1%, in Sinaloa, and Michoacan, respectively. The results supported the hypothesis that natural distribution and rates of parasitism of FAW larvae may be related to more diverse habitats with more forests, orchards, and pastures near to cornfields. C1 Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Colima 28100, Mexico. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Molina-Ochoa, J (reprint author), Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Apartado Postal 36, Colima 28100, Mexico. RI Angel, Cesar/M-1442-2016 OI Angel, Cesar/0000-0001-5370-6400 NR 51 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 461 EP 472 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0461:NDOHPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600006 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Pahio, E Edu, J AF Shelly, TE Pahio, E Edu, J TI Synergistic and inhibitory interactions between methyl eugenol and cue lure influence trap catch of male fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and B-cucurbitae (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera spp.; oriental fruit fly; melon fly; methyl eugenol; cue-lure; Diptera ID DACUS-CUCURBITAE; RECTAL GLANDS; MELON FLY; ACCUMULATION; FRAGRANCE AB Males of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and the melon fly, B. cucurbitae (Coquillett), are attracted to methyl eugenol (ME) and cue lure (CL), respectively. These lures, when mixed with a toxicant, are widely used to detect and suppress populations of these agricultural pests. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of (1) traps baited with both ME and CL (mixed or presented separately on adjacent wicks), and (2) traps baited with a single lure but placed in the same tree as a trap containing the alternate lure (1 or 3 m apart). Jackson traps were placed in a mixed orchard on Oahu, Hawaii, and the numbers of released (marked) and wild males were recorded. Traps baited with ME and CL (mixed or separate) captured significantly fewer B. dorsalis males than traps baited with ME alone. CL placed 1 m from ME-baited traps in the same tree also reduced the number of B. dorsalis males captured. Conversely, ME appeared to increase capture of B. cucurbitae males, and traps baited with the 2 lures (mixed but not separate) captured significantly more released males than traps baited with CL alone. Also, ME placed 1 m (but not 3 m) from CL-baited traps increased the trap catch of released B. cucurbitae males. Results are discussed from the perspectives of management and evolution of Bactrocera species. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 13 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0481:SAIIBM]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600008 ER PT J AU Teal, PEA Gavilanez-Slone, JM Dueben, BD AF Teal, PEA Gavilanez-Slone, JM Dueben, BD TI Effects of sucrose in adult diet on mortality of males of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Caribbean fruit fly; dietary sucrose; carbohydrate; protein ID CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLIES; ERADICATION; RELEASE; YEAST; FOOD; LOEW AB Survival of adult male Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspense (Loew) fed sucrose and protein in the form of hydrolyzed brewers yeast was studied under greenhouse conditions. Flies fed either a 3: 1 mixture of sucrose and protein (optimal) or just sugar from the day of adult eclosion showed no appreciable mortality during the 14-day test period. However, flies fed just protein, or those that were not provided with sugar or protein showed rapid rates of mortality, with 50% mortality occurring at 1.87 and 1.53 days, respectively, and 95% mortality occurring at 2.8 and 2.5 days. Switching flies from the optimal diet to either the protein-only diet or nothing at 7 or 11 days after emergence resulted in values of 50% and 95% mortality, respectively, that were similar to those for flies reared from eclosion on either just protein or nothing. No significant mortality occurred among males maintained on the optimal or sugar-only diets or when flies were shifted from the optimal diet to only sugar at either day 7 or 11 after emergence. These data demonstrate that the flies have an absolute requirement for carbohydrate in the adult diet. Additionally, the results indicate that the flies are incapable of converting of amino acids from protein hydrolysate into precursors useful for generating metabolic energy in sufficient amounts to sustain life. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Teal, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23 Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 487 EP 491 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0487:EOSIAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600009 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Rodriguez, ME AF Robacker, DC Rodriguez, ME TI A simple and effective cylindrical sticky trap for fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Mexican fruit fly; Anastrepha ludens; trap design; integrated pest management ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; FIELD-EVALUATION AB A sticky trap for fruit flies was developed that is 2.5x more effective than yellow panel traps of equal surface area for capture of Mexican fruit flies (Anastrepha ludens (Loew)). The trap consists of a slightly conical yellow cardboard cylinder coated on the outside surface with trapping adhesive. In trapping efficacy, these stand-alone cylinders were equivalent to plastic Liquibaitor trap tops with similar cylinders fitted over the trap top with the sticky surface facing outward. Liquibaitor trap tops with cylinders mounted on the inside with their sticky surfaces facing inward were ineffective, and Liquibaitor tops with cylinders both inside and outside were not more effective than those with the sticky surface only on the outside. Besides the increased attractiveness of the stand-alone cylinders with the sticky surface outside, advantages of this design are that lures can be suspended from the trap hanger inside the cylinder where they do not contact the sticky surface, sticky cylinders can be changed in the field without disturbing lures that are suspended from the hangers, and traps can be stacked like Dixie cups for storage and transport. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 492 EP 495 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0492:ASAECS]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600010 ER PT J AU Logarzo, GA Virla, EG Triapitsyn, SV Jones, WA AF Logarzo, GA Virla, EG Triapitsyn, SV Jones, WA TI Biology of Zagella delicata (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae), an egg parasitoid of the sharpshooter Tapajosa rubromarginata (Hemiptera : Clypeorrhyncha : Clcadellidae) in Argentina SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE glassy-winged sharpshooter; Homalodisca coagulata; Trichogrammatidae; egg parasitoid; biological control; Zagella delicata ID HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; CICADELLIDAE AB Research on biological control of glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) Homalodisca coagulata (Say) started in the 1990s. This sharpshooter, vector of Pierce's disease bacteria Xylella fastidiosa Wells, expanded its geographical distribution and it has become a very serious pest problem in several crops, especially grapes, in southern California. In 2000, a survey of sharpshooter egg parasitoids was initiated in Argentina. Fourteen species of egg-parasitoids were collected. We report here on laboratory studies of adult longevity, oviposition preference, sex ratio, and development time of Zagella delicata De Santis. Field result of the incidence on its hosts and seasonal occurrence also are provided. Zagella delicata produced one adult per host egg. The overall results indicated that 72.5% of the sharpshooter eggs exposed to Z. delicata were parasitized. Wasps emergence was 43.8%. In host plant searching preference tests, Z. delicata females parasitized 66.7% of host eggs on sugar cane, 57.0% of eggs on corn and 4.5% on citrus leaves. The development time (from oviposition to adult emergence) averaged 23.5 +/- 1.2 days. The average adult longevity was 10.3 +/- 5.8 days. Females lived longer than males (females: 12.2 +/- 5.6 days, males: 6.2 +/- 3.7 days). The sex ratio in the laboratory was 1: 2.1 (males/females). In a hyperparasitism test, no adults of Z. delicata emerged from eggs previously exposed to Gonatocerus tuberculifemur. Seasonal sampling carried out in San Miguel de Tucuman showed that Z. delicata occurred from spring to fall, with maximum abundance at the beginning of the spring, where 57.2% out of the 1568 sampled eggs were parasitized. Field and laboratory data suggest that Z. delicata could be a prospective biological control agent against other, exotic, proconiine sharpshooters including H. coagulata. However, the efficiency of Z. delicata is restricted to habitats dominated by grasses. C1 USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, SABCL, Washington, DC 20521 USA. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, PROIMI, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Logarzo, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, SABCL, 3131 Buenos Aires Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 511 EP 516 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0511:BOZDHT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600013 ER PT J AU Oi, DH Watson, CA Williams, DF AF Oi, DH Watson, CA Williams, DF TI Monitoring and management of red imported fire ants in a tropical fish farm SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; aquaculture; GIS application; pest detection; pest control; methoprene; bait; detection ID HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; GROWTH AB Tropical fish farms provide a prime habitat for the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, which is an invasive, stinging ant that has spread throughout the southern United States. Stings can be a serious health hazard to hypersensitive individuals, and the presence of large populations can interfere with operational activities. The most efficient method of controlling fire ants is the application of ant bait. However, most fish farmers are reluctant to use baits or other chemical methods of control because of the unknown risk to fish. Baited stations in combination with maps generated by geographical information system software were used to estimate locations of fire ant nests. Maps of estimated fire ant locations encompassed from 10 to 100% of actual fire ant nests surveyed when there was a minimum of a single fire ant within a station. Low percentages of overlap between mapped areas and fire ant nests were associated with low nest densities and when higher ant count thresholds were used to indicate positive stations. Ant bait containing the insect growth regulator methoprene was broadcast between ponds, with some unavoidable bait entry into ponds. Fire ant nest densities declined 57% within 4 months. In contrast, nest densities increased 86% in untreated areas. During the summer, fire ant populations declined an average of 68% and increased 110% for treated and untreated areas, respectively. Fire ant nest densities and populations began to increase by December in both treated and untreated areas. No obvious fish mortality related to the ant baiting was noted during the study. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Trop Aquaculture Lab, Ruskin, FL 33570 USA. RP Oi, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 522 EP 527 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0522:MAMORI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600015 ER PT J AU Herrick, NJ Reitz, SR AF Herrick, NJ Reitz, SR TI Temporal occurrence of Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) in North Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA, ARS, CMACE, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Herrick, NJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, CMACE, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 587 EP 590 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0587:TOOPMH]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600027 ER PT J AU Dobbs, TT Brambila, J AF Dobbs, TT Brambila, J TI Paragonatas divergens (Hemiptera : Rhyparochromidae): First confirmed record for Florida and the United States SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Miami Plant Inspect Stn, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Miami, FL 33159 USA. Florida State Collect Arthropods, Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Dobbs, TT (reprint author), USDA, Miami Plant Inspect Stn, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, POB 59-2136, Miami, FL 33159 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 591 EP 592 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0591:PDHRFC]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600028 ER PT J AU Schliserman, P Ovruski, S Colin, C Norrbom, AL Aluja, M AF Schliserman, P Ovruski, S Colin, C Norrbom, AL Aluja, M TI First report of Juglans australis (Juglandaceae) as a natural host plant for Anastrepha schultzi (Diptera : Tephritidae) with notes on probable parasitism by Doryctobracon areolatus, D-Brasiliensis, Opius bellus (Braconidae) and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Figitidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA; FRATERCULUS C1 Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, INSUE, Fdn Miguel Lillo, CIRPON, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Inst Ecol, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Schliserman, P (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, INSUE, Fdn Miguel Lillo, CIRPON, Miguel Lillo 251, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 597 EP 599 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0597:FROJAJ]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600030 ER PT J AU Masner, L Sun, JH Clarke, SR Berisford, CW AF Masner, L Sun, JH Clarke, SR Berisford, CW TI Description of Allotropa oracellae (Hymenoptera : Platygastridae), a parasitoid of Oracella acuta (Heteroptera : Pseudococcidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PINE SEED ORCHARDS; HOMOPTERA C1 Agr Canada, ECOR, BRD, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Insects & Rod, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. USDA, Forest Serv, Lufkin, TX 75901 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Masner, L (reprint author), Agr Canada, ECOR, BRD, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 600 EP 602 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0600:DOAOHP]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600031 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB AF Thomas, DB TI Hot peppers as a host for the Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID KEY C1 USDA, ARS, Kika Garze Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Kika Garze Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 603 EP 608 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0603:HPAAHF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600032 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Briano, JA AF Valles, SM Briano, JA TI Presence of Thelohania solenopsae and Vairimorpha invictae in South American populations of Solenopsis invicta SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FIRE ANTS HYMENOPTERA; MULTIPLEX PCR; FORMICIDAE; MICROSPORIDA; POLYGYNE; IDENTIFICATION; BURENELLIDAE; MONOGYNE; COLONIES C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entooml, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA, ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Buenos Aires, Province, Argentina. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entooml, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 625 EP 627 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0625:POTSAV]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600039 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Edu, J Pahio, E AF Shelly, TE Edu, J Pahio, E TI Sterile males of the Mediterranean fruit fly exposed to ginger root oil induce female remating: Implications for the sterile insect technique (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 628 EP 629 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0628:SMOTMF]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 886WC UT WOS:000226262600040 ER PT J AU Novak, JS Yuan, JTC AF Novak, JS Yuan, JTC TI The fate of Clostridium perfringens spores exposed to ozone and/or mild heat pretreatment on beef surfaces followed by modified atmosphere packaging SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C. perfringens; ozone; spores; beef ID VEGETATIVE CELLS; WATER; MEAT; SPORULATION; CARCASSES; PRODUCTS; GROWTH AB Clostridium perfringens is a natural contaminant of raw beef products that can proliferate to dangerous cell levels under conditions of temperature abuse. Spores of the bacterium were inoculated onto irradiated London broil beef at levels of 3 log(10) spores/g beef. Samples of beef (7.5 x 10.0 x 1.0 cm) were treated with aqueous ozone (5 ppm O-3 for 5 min), or heat (60degreesC for 30 min), or both and then vacuum-packaged to 2 kPa for up to 10 d storage at 37degreesC, 25degreesC, or 4degreesC. Storage at 37degreesC resulted in increases in viable counts after 1 d to over 7 log(10) cfu/g beef, whereas storage at 4degreesC prevented spore germination and growth for all treatments. At 25degreesC, heat-treated beef samples reached 6 log(10) cfu/g viable counts in 2 d and spores/vegetative cells on control or ozone-treated samples did not germinate or grow through the first day of vacuum-packaged storage. Modified atmospheres with increasing CO2 concentration were also compared with regard to bacterial survival during beef storage at 25degreesC. C. perfringens spores remained dormant in control and ozone-treated beef during a 10-d storage at 25degreesC. Pretreatment with heat increased germination and outgrowth during storage of beef, whereas ozone treatment and no treatment controls were effective in inhibiting spore germination and outgrowth in combination with increasing CO2 concentrations above 30% or refrigeration. These data support the avoidance of heat in the pretreatment of raw beef. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Chicago Res Ctr, Amer Air Liquide, Countryside, IL 60525 USA. RP Novak, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jnovak@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 6 BP 667 EP 673 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2004.03.003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 854NQ UT WOS:000223911000006 ER PT J AU Stewart, H Yen, ST AF Stewart, H Yen, ST TI Changing household characteristics and the away-from-home food market: a censored equation system approach SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE censoring; food-away-from-home; food expenditures; sample selectivity ID DEPENDENT-VARIABLES; 2-STEP ESTIMATION; CONSUMPTION; DEMAND; SPECIFICATION AB The American consumer is obtaining more-and-more of his or her food at a restaurant, and that worries some people concerned with the Nation's dietary health. To date, much of this concern seems to be directed at the fast food segment of the restaurant industry. This paper asks whether targeting one segment of the industry, such as fast food restaurants, is justified, or whether a more balanced view of eating away from home is required. To answer this question, we look to the future and ask whether Americans can be expected to purchase increasingly more fast food or more-and-more of the foods typically associated with full-service dining. One view is that sales at full-service restaurants will now grow relatively faster than sales of fast food. The argument supporting this position rests on rising incomes, the aging of the population, smaller household sizes, and other changes taking place in the population. Using a new full-information maximum likelihood procedure for estimating a system of censored expenditure equations, we find evidence to support this argument. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Stewart, H (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, 1800 M St,NW,Room N2134, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM hstewart@ers.usda.gov; syen@utk.edu NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD DEC PY 2004 VL 29 IS 6 BP 643 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2004.10.003 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 886KR UT WOS:000226226600004 ER PT J AU Bird, SB Coulson, RN Fisher, RR AF Bird, SB Coulson, RN Fisher, RR TI Changes in soil and litter arthropod abundance following tree harvesting and site preparation in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil and litter arthropods; effects of forest management; soil ecology; silvicultural practices; mites; springtails ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; HERBICIDE TREATMENT; FOREST HARVEST; MICROARTHROPODS; DECOMPOSITION; COLLEMBOLA; ECOSYSTEM; DIVERSITY; PIEDMONT; REMOVAL AB Soil and litter arthropods are important in many forest ecosystem processes where they help to regulate nutrient dynamics and soil quality, and are useful bioindicators of ecosystem condition and change. This study was initiated in response to concerns about possible decline in site productivity due to intensive forestry practices. We investigated the effects of tree harvesting and site preparation treatments on soil and litter arthropod abundance in a loblolly pine plantation in eastern Texas, USA. Using soil and litter cores, we sampled abundance of selected arthropods over two years following tree harvesting. Response to treatments varied somewhat among arthropod taxa. Acari (mites) and Collembola (springtails), the numerically dominant taxa in core samples, were initially higher in abundance in less intensive harvesting and site preparation treatments. However, after 2 years, abundance of these arthropods was comparable in all harvesting and site preparation treatments. Fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus had a strong positive effect on abundance of most arthropod groups in the second year of the study. The recovery of arthropod abundance through time suggests that the silvicultural practices used did not jeopardize the ecological integrity of the site. The results reported here contrast with other similar studies which suggests that soil and litter arthropod communities respond differently in different geographic locations and forest types. Further comparative and extensive studies of this nature are needed therefore for a deeper understanding of the impacts of forest management practices. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wales, Sch Agr & Forestry Sci, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Bangor, Bangor LL57 5UP, Gwynedd, Wales. Texas A&M Univ, Knowledge Engn Lab, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Temple Inland, Diboll, TX 75941 USA. RP Bird, SB (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM sb2417@columbia.edu NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 202 IS 1-3 BP 195 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.023 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 869SV UT WOS:000225005400015 ER PT J AU Constantine, NL Campbell, TA Baughman, WA Harrington, TB Chapman, BR Miller, KV AF Constantine, NL Campbell, TA Baughman, WA Harrington, TB Chapman, BR Miller, KV TI Effects of clearcutting with corridor retention on abundance, richness, and diversity of small mammals in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE clearcutting; corridors; pine plantations; Pinus; small mammals ID PINE PLANTATIONS; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; FORESTS AB We studied six pine plantations in coastal South Carolina to determine the influence of clearcutting with corridor retention on small mammal abundance, richness, and diversity. Small mammals were live-trapped in recently clearcut stands that retained pine corridors 100 m in width and in adjacent pine plantations, 20-23-years-old. We compared small mammal communities between harvested stands with corridors and non-harvested pine stands. We captured 1158 small mammals, representing 844 unique individuals and seven different species in 94,080 trap nights. Rodent abundance, richness, and diversity indices were greater in harvested stands with corridors than in non-harvested pine stands. The early successional habitat created by clearcutting was used by many small mammal species, including cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and marsh rice rats (Oryzomys palustris). Species composition of small mammals within the corridor habitats was similar to that in the non-harvested pine stands. The inclusion of corridors in pine plantation management enhances habitat diversity and ecosystem maintenance and contributes to local diversity of the small mammal community. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. MeadWestvaco Corp, Forest Resources Div, Summerville, SC 29484 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Sam Houston State Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, NWRC Texas Field Stn, MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM Tyler.A.Campbell@aphis.usda.gov NR 37 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 202 IS 1-3 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.036 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 869SV UT WOS:000225005400023 ER PT J AU Kolka, RK Smidt, MF AF Kolka, RK Smidt, MF TI Effects of forest road amelioration techniques on soil bulk density, surface runoff, sediment transport, soil moisture and seedling growth SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE subsoil; recontour; skid roads; forest productivity ID SKID ROADS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; DOUGLAS-FIR; EROSION; INFILTRATION; DISTURBANCE; PONDEROSA; RECOVERY; QUALITY; TRAILS AB Although numerous methods have been used to retire roads, new technologies have evolved that can potentially ameliorate soil damage, lessen the generation of nonpoint source pollution and increase tree productivity on forest roads. In this study we investigated the effects of three forest road amelioration techniques, subsoiling, recontouring and traditional retirement (control treatment), on soil bulk density, surface runoff, sediment production, soil moisture and seedling growth. As a point of comparison, surface runoff, sediment production and soil moisture was also measured on relatively undisturbed forested reference sites. The recontoured treatment had significantly lower bulk densities, surface runoff and sediment production than either the subsoiled or control treatments. The relatively undisturbed reference sites had very little runoff and hence, very low sediment production. Reference sites also had generally lower soil moisture at 0-15 and 15-25 cm than above, within and below the treatment road sections. Among treatments, few differences were found in soil moisture among treatment: landscape position combinations. Recontoured and subsoiled treatments had significantly greater white pine diameter growth than control plots. Yellow-poplar diameter and height growth was greatest for recontoured plots followed by the subsoiled plots and the control plots. The combination of data indicates that the use of recontouring techniques on forest roads generally leads to lower bulk densities, less surface runoff and sediment production and greater seedling growth than both traditional and subsoiling road retirement methods, however, the cost of recontouring is greater than subsoiling or traditional retirement and the preliminary analysis indicates that subsoiling may represent the most economically viable retirement method. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Kolka, RK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM rkolka@fs.fed.us RI Smidt, Mathew/G-4236-2012 NR 47 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 202 IS 1-3 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.042 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 869SV UT WOS:000225005400025 ER PT J AU Luoma, DL Eberhart, JL Molina, R Amaranthus, MP AF Luoma, DL Eberhart, JL Molina, R Amaranthus, MP TI Response of ectomycorrhizal fungus sporocarp production to varying levels and patterns of green-tree retention SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE fungi; mushroom; truffle; biomass; mycophagy; diversity ID WESTERN HEMLOCK SEEDLINGS; DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; OLD-GROWTH; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; RHIZOPOGON-VINICOLOR; MYCORRHIZA FORMATION; CONIFEROUS FORESTS AB Forest management activities can reduce ectomycorrhizal fungus diversity and forest regeneration success. We examine contrasts in structural retention as they affect sporocarp, production of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF)-a functional guild of organisms well suited as indicators of disturbance effects on below-ground ecosystems. Our results are from an experiment that tests the biodiversity assumptions behind current guidelines for ecosystem management. Ours is the first study complete with pre-treatment data that examines the effects of silvicultural manipulations on both epigeous (mushroom) and hypogeous (truffle) sporocarp production by EMF. We tested the effects of two patterns (aggregated [A], dispersed [D]) and four levels (100, 75, 40, and 15%) of green-tree retention on standing-crop sporocarp biomass for spring and fall fruiting seasons. This study employed a randomized block design that replicated six retention treatments in three locations (blocks). A total of 150 mushroom taxa and 58 truffle taxa were identified from the sample plots. Before treatment, the total number of mushroom taxa for each treatment ranged from 58 to 72 while the total number of truffle taxa ranged from 22 to 29. The pretreatment condition was characterized by mushroom and truffle total fall biomass exceeding total spring biomass in two of three blocks. Although experimental units within blocks were selected for apparent similarity, our results show that uniformity of EMF populations in forests cannot be inferred from stand structure alone. During the post-treatment sample period, the number of mushroom taxa detected in the 100% retention decreased by 34% while the number of truffle taxa increased by 20%. The number of taxa was reduced most in the 15%D treatment followed by the 15%A treatment. The 75%A retention treatment showed the least reduction in number of fruiting taxa. After treatment, sporocarp production declined in all treatments, but these effects varied by season and treatment. Sporocarp production was nearly eliminated from the 15%A retention treatment. Mushroom and truffle production were significantly reduced in the 15%D treatment, though spring truffle biomass was maintained at 33% of the pre-treatment value. No treatment effect was detected on the fall mushroom or truffle standing crop in the 40%D treatment. Our results lend support to the use of dispersed green-tree retention in combination with aggregated retention when maintaining sporocarp production is a goal. Such a mix would ameliorate the effects of clearcutting as demonstrated in this study and may maintain higher levels of sporocarp production in the aggregates by reducing edge effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Luoma, DL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM luomad@fsl.orst.edu NR 107 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 202 IS 1-3 BP 337 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.041 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 869SV UT WOS:000225005400027 ER PT J AU Temel, F Johnson, GR Stone, JK AF Temel, F Johnson, GR Stone, JK TI The relationship between Swiss needle cast symptom severity and level of Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii colonization in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN; GROWTH; PCR; QUANTIFICATION; ASSIMILATION; PLANTATIONS AB This study examined 108 15-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) trees to investigate whether trees exhibiting less severe Swiss needle cast (SNC) symptoms were more resistant (had less fungal colonization) or more tolerant (maintained healthy foliage under similar infection levels). Trees were sampled from six open pollinated families that were categorized into three disease severity groups (tw amilies for each group; mild, moderate and severe disease symptoms). The amount of retained foliage and level of discoloration were visually assessed on trees in the field. Fungal colonization (as determined by proportion of stomata occluded with pseudothecia and by amount of Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii DNA in sampled. needles),was measured on 1- and 2-year-old needles in the laboratory. Trees in the different disease-severity groups were similar with respect to amount of fungus in their needles, yet the trees in the mild symptom group retained higher proportions of needles and maintained greener foliage. The relationship between amount of P. gaeumannii in needles and SNC symptom severity was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for amount of fungal DNA in 1-year-old needles and average needle retention (NR) over the last four growing seasons. Average NR decreased with increased amount of pathogen DNA in the mild disease symptom families. This relationship was reversed in the severe disease symptom group and there was no relationship in the moderate disease symptom group. Because the amount of A gaeumannii DNA in foliage did not differ significantly among the groups, differences in symptom severity were attributed to tolerance, not resistance. Visual scoring of individual trees for average NR over the past four growing seasons could be used to effectively assess for SNC tolerance in Douglas-fir. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Temel, F (reprint author), Kafkas Univ, Artvin Orman Fak, TR-08000 Artvin, Turkey. EM fatihtemel93@yahoo.com RI Temel, Fatih/J-4143-2016 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 383 EP 394 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2004.00379.x PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 883HL UT WOS:000226002100005 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Pohle, W Araman, P Cumbo, D AF Smith, RL Pohle, W Araman, P Cumbo, D TI Characterizing the adoption of low-grade hardwood lumber by the secondary wood processing industry SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FURNITURE AB This study investigated the adoption of low-grade lumber in the secondary hardwood industry. Factors influencing decisions regarding the utilization of low-grade lumber were identified and value-added opportunities to increase the use of low-grade lumber among manufacturers currently using higher grades were evaluated. Data were collected via a nationwide mail survey of secondary hardwood manufacturers. The single most important barrier to the adoption of low-grade lumber among secondary hardwood manufacturers is "low yield," Larger manufacturers and trade association members were found to utilize the lower grades at higher percentages when compared to smaller manufacturers and non-members. Value-added activities designed to enhance the useability of low-grade lumber should focus on decreasing processing variability in secondary operations. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Ctr Forest Prod Marketing & Management, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Winchester Woodworking Corp, Winchester, VA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Ctr Forest Prod Marketing & Management, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Ctr Forest Prod Marketing & Management, 1650 Ramble Rd,Mail Code 0503, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000002 ER PT J AU Simpson, WT Wang, XP AF Simpson, WT Wang, XP TI Estimating air-drying times of small-diameter ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir logs SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LUMBER AB One potential use for small-diameter ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir timber is in log form. Many potential uses of logs require some degree of drying. Even though these small diameters may be considered small in the forestry context, their size when compared to typical lumber thickness dimensions is large. These logs, however, may require uneconomically long kiln-drying time. Air-drying is a logical alternative to kiln-drying, but the variables involved make estimating air-drying times difficult. In this study.. experimental air-drying time data for 4- to 8-inch- (102- to 203-mm-) diameter ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir debarked logs stacked for air-drying at four different times of the year were developed. These data were used to develop multiple linear and nonlinear regression models that relate daily moisture content (MC) loss to MC at the start of the day, average daily temperature and relative humidity, and log diameter. The model provides a way to calculate estimated air-drying times for logs stacked at any time of the year where historic weather data are available. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources & Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Simpson, WT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000003 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Long, C McNeel, J Baumgras, J AF Wang, JX Long, C McNeel, J Baumgras, J TI Productivity and cost of manual felling and cable skidding in central Appalachian hardwood forests SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINE FORESTS; TIME AB A field production study was conducted for a manual harvesting system using a chainsaw and cable skidder in a central Appalachian hardwood forest site. A partial cut was performed on a 50-acre tract with an average slope of 25 percent. Felling time per tree was most affected by diameter at breast height and the distance between harvested trees while skidding cycle time was mainly affected by turn payload size and skidding distance. Productivity of chainsaw felling was 362 ft.(3) per productive machine hour (PMH) (2.23 thousand board feet [MBF]/PMH) with a unit cost of $8.0/cunit (100 cubic feet) ($13.0/MBF). Cable skidding productivity was 289 ft.(3)/PMH (1.78 MBF/PMH) and unit cost was $27.0/cunit ($50.0/MBF). The balanced manual harvesting system could produce 7,236 ft.(3) per week (44.63 MBF/week) with unit cost of $37.0/cunit ($60.0/MBF). C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, 322 Percival Hall,POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000006 ER PT J AU Larson, D Mirth, R Wolfe, R AF Larson, D Mirth, R Wolfe, R TI Evaluation of small-diameter ponderosa pine logs in bending SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Ninety-nine roundwood bending specimens were tested over the course of seven months beginning in early 2002 at the College of Engineering and Technology at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, Arizona. These specimens were taken from 5.0- to 12.7-inch diameter at breast height ponderosa pine trees cut during the summer of 2001 from Unit 16 of the Fort Valley Ecosystem Restoration Project located in wildland-urban interface of the Coconino National Forest. The specimens were sorted into two groups as a function of processing: hand-debarked logs known as tapered specimens and machine peeled logs known as uniform specimens. Each group of tapered and uniform logs contained both butt and tip specimens. This work provides evidence of relationships between juvenile wood and roundwood strength and stiffness. Failure mode in bending was also affected by juvenile wood. This work also shows that processing a tapered log down to a uniform log of constant diameter reduces bending strength and stiffness, while increasing the percent juvenile wood in the cross section. Regardless of processing, butt logs in bending were stronger and stiffer than tip logs. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Larson, D (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 15600, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 52 EP 58 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000007 ER PT J AU Greene, JL Straka, TJ Dee, RJ AF Greene, JL Straka, TJ Dee, RJ TI Nonindustrial private forest owner use of federal income tax provisions SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INCENTIVES AB Seven provisions of the federal income tax provide incentives for nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) owners to follow sound management and reforestation practices. Four provisions-long-term capital gain treatment of qualifying income, annual deduction of management costs, depreciation and the section 179 deduction, and deductions for casualty losses or other involuntary conversions - are available to taxpayers in general. The remaining provisions - the reforestation tax credit, amortization of reforestation expenses, and the ability to exclude qualifying reforestation cost-share payments from gross income - are specifically for forest owners. NIPF owners in South Carolina were surveyed by mail to determine whether they were aware of these tax provisions, whether they had made use of them, and their reasons for using or not using each one. Information also was collected on the owners' demographic characteristics, to test for differences between users and non-users of the provisions. Owner awareness and use was highest for long-term capital gain treatment of income and annual deduction of management costs. Some 78 percent of owners were aware of the two provisions, and 85 percent of owners who were aware of the provisions used them. Owner awareness was lowest for the ability to exclude qualifying reforestation cost-share payments, at 42 percent; owner use was lowest for loss deductions, at 23 percent. Membership in a forest owner organization, having a written forest management plan, and a high level Of household income were associated with owner knowledge of beneficial tax provisions. No demographic characteristics were associated across-the-board with owner use of provisions. C1 US Forest Serv, So Forest Expt Stn, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Greene, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 701 Loyola Ave,Room T-10034, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000008 ER PT J AU Lee, S Shupe, TF Hse, CY AF Lee, S Shupe, TF Hse, CY TI Utilization of Chinese tallow tree and bagasse for medium density fiberboard SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SAPIUM-SEBIFERUM; HARDBOARD; ADHESIVES AB The objective of this research was to investigate various adhesive systems and determine the best composite formulation for selected mechanical and physical properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) made from wood and bagasse fibers. This study investigated opportunities of biomass utilization for natural fiber-based composites from agricultural (bagasse) and Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum) fibers. The mixing ratios were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50,25:75, and 0: 100 of bagasse and tallow tree fiber, and the furnish moisture content (MC) was 4 percent. The resin systems used were 8 percent urea formaldehyde (UF), 2.5 percent MDI (4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate), and a mixed resin system of 1 percent MDI and 4 percent UF. Panels containing 100 percent bagasse furnish were also prepared with either 3.5 percent or 4.5 percent MDI at a furnish MC of 0 percent, 4 percent, and 8 percent. Two mixing combinations (50:50 and 25:75) of bagasse/tallow tree fibers yielded mechanical and physical proper-ties which were not statistically different from higher proportions of Sapium fibers and provided the maximum utilization of bagasse fibers into the panels. The MC of the furnish and additional moisture from the resin applications were significant factors influencing the mechanical properties of the composites. MDF made front 8 percent MC bagasse fibers obtained a 63 percent increase in modulus of rupture (MOR) and a 30 percent in modulus of elasticity (MOE) compared to composites manufactured with 0 percent MC furnish. Panels at all fiber combination ratios with the mixed resin system performed superior to all furnish mixes with 4.5 percent MDI for MOR and MOE. Internal bond (IB) test results showed that the mixed resin system yielded slightly lower IB mean values than panels produced with 4.5 percent MDI. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, 227 RNR Bldg Rm 112, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000010 ER PT J AU Clark, A Borders, BE Daniels, RF AF Clark, A Borders, BE Daniels, RF TI Impact of vegetation control and annual fertilization on properties of loblolly pine wood at age 12 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont of Georgia were subjected to four intensive silvicultural regimes to monitor and record relative tree growth. Treatments included: intensive mechanical site preparation, complete vegetation control with multiple applications of herbicides, annual high rates of nitrogen fertilization, and complete vegetation control plus annual high rates of nitrogen fertilization. In response to the intense cultural practices, growth increased 270 percent in the Coastal Plain and 158 percent in the Piedmont compared to the intensive mechanical site preparation treatment. Increment cores were collected from trees at age 12 to determine the effect of treatments on earlywood and latewood specific gravity (SG) and duration of juvenility. Trees were also felled to determine the impact of intensive cultural practices on wood stiffness, strength, and toughness. Annual vegetation control plus annual high rates of nitrogen fertilization increased the diameter of the juvenile wood core 62 percent and thus, the proportion of stem basal area in juvenile wood. Annual ring earlywood SG was not affected by treatments, but annual ring latewood SG was significantly reduced in fertilized and herbicide plus fertilized trees. Vegetation control did not significantly affect SG, strength, stiffness, or toughness but did significantly increase the juvenile core-wood diameter. Annual fertilization alone or in combination with vegetation control reduced weighted stem SG 6 to 10 percent compared to that of the trees receiving only the mechanical site preparation treatment. Annual heavy fertilization alone or in combination with vegetation control significantly reduced toughness, as well as strength and stiffness of juvenile wood. Thus, wood harvested from stands that since planting received annual vegetation control plus annual high rates of nitrogen fertilization would be less desirable for structural lumber production compared to wood from conventionally managed and planted loblolly pine stands. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Forest Busienss, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Clark, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 90 EP 96 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000014 ER PT J AU Stewart, HG Blatner, KA Wagner, FG Keegan, C AF Stewart, HG Blatner, KA Wagner, FG Keegan, C TI Risk and feasibility of processing small-diameter material in the US West Part I: Structural lumber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The reduction of stocking levels has been proposed as one part of a larger plan to restore western forests to sustainable ecological conditions and reduce fire hazard levels. Removal of trees to approximate natural disturbance processes is needed to reduce stocking levels in various western forest types. The problem is that current markets for small-diameter material are limited. New investments in facilities to produce wood-based products from small-diameter material will be needed. Investments will only occur if they are expected to yield a satisfactory financial return consistent with their level of risk. The financial feasibility of investing in a conventional random-length sawmill and a modern large-scale sawmill optimized specifically for processing small-diameter material was evaluated. Monte Carlo Simulation techniques were used for risk analysis of utilizing small-diameter material. Results of this analysis suggest that constructing a new sawmill optimized specifically for processing small-diameter material may be feasible. However, changes in forest policy designed to substantially reduce the risk of interruptions in the Supply of logs will be required for investment to occur. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Prod, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Stewart, HG (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000015 ER PT J AU Stewart, HG Blatner, KA Keegan, C AF Stewart, HG Blatner, KA Keegan, C TI Risk and feasibility of processing small-diameter material in the US West Part II: Market pulp and oriented strandboard SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The reduction of stocking levels has been proposed as one part of a larger plan to restore western forests to sustainable ecological conditions and reduce fire hazard levels. The cost effective removal of trees as part of an effort to approximate natural-disturbance processes in various western forest types will require the development of new markets for small-diameter material. Prior work utilized Monte Carlo simulation techniques to assess the feasibility of constructing a new sawmill optimized specifically for processing small-diameter material. The results of the analysis were favorable, which prompted the further question as to the feasibility of producing oriented strandboard (OSB) and market pulp from small-diameter forest removals. In this analysis, Monte Carlo simulation techniques were again used to assess the feasibility of investments in constructing new OSB and bleached chemithermomechanical pulp (BCTMP) mills to utilize this material. The results do not the support the construction of a BCTMP mill due to the high initial capital investment requirements and the relatively low prices for BCTMP market pulp at this time. The feasibility of constructing a new OSB mill was more favorable, but would probably require a modest subsidy in the form of zero stumpage prices as well as long-term supply assurances, before a company would seriously consider an investment of this type. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Stewart, HG (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 104 EP 108 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000016 ER PT J AU Wiedenbeck, J Shepley, BP Smith, RL AF Wiedenbeck, J Shepley, BP Smith, RL TI Rough-mill yield and cutting efficiency for No. 3A common lumber compared to other lumber grade mix options SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTIVITY AB The percentage of low-grade material comprising the annual hardwood lumber production in the United States is increasing. As a result, finding markets for low-grade/low-value lumber has been identified as a top priority by researchers and industry associations. This research used the ROMI-RIP and ROMI-CROSS simulation programs to examine part yield, cutting efficiency, and value recovery that can be expected when No. 3A Common lumber is processed in the rough mill. Cutting bills having narrow part widths and short part lengths are the most feasible to use while processing No. 3A Common lumber. The No. 3A Common results were compared to results obtained for No. 2A Common lumber and a lumber grade mix comprised of 50 percent No. 2A Common and 50 percent No. 3A Common. Simulation results demonstrated that as the percentage of No. 3A Common lumber in a grade mix increases, part yields and cutting efficiencies decrease. For a grade mix consisting entirely of No. 2A Common lumber, part yields were between 12 and 20 percent higher than for a grade mix consisting entirely of No. 3A Common lumber. Also, the number of sawlines (a processing expense) required to produce 1,000 board feet (MBF) of parts from No. 3A Common lumber was 10 to 20 percent higher. Based on these yield and cutting efficiency results, it is estimated that a minimum lumber price difference between these two grades of approximately $217/MBF needs to exist for No. 3A Common to be a viable raw material option. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. Morgan Lumber Co Inc, Red Oak, VA 23964 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Wiedenbeck, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 132 EP 140 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000021 ER PT J AU Luppold, W Bumgardner, M AF Luppold, W Bumgardner, M TI An examination of eastern US hardwood roundwood markets SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SAWMILLING INDUSTRY AB There are multiple markets for hardwood roundwood due to variations in the value of this material within and among hardwood stands. These variations are a function of differences in species mix and bole quality. Furthermore, individual trees call be processed or merchandised into numerous products with each product going to a different market. Because the merchandising process has an underlying profit motive, the characteristics of hardwood roundwood markets in a given area influence what sites will be harvested and what trees will be removed. Through this selection process markets can influence future composition and structure. In this paper, the industries that use hardwood roundwood and the attributes of the material used are characterized and the methods by which roundwood is distributed are described. There are three broad categories of hardwood roundwood markets: aesthetic, industrial, and fiber. Hardwood roundwood used to manufacture products for aesthetic application accounts for a relatively small portion of total roundwood harvested, but the value of these products has a disproportional influence on what sites will be harvested. Because of the skewed value of hardwood material, the potential value of a given stand may be determined by relatively few trees within the stand. Still, there are areas within the eastern hardwood region where a large portion of the resource is lower value or lower quality timber. In these areas, fiber-based industries may be an important factor influencing harvesting. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Luppold, W (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000032 ER PT J AU Ross, RJ Erickson, JR Brashaw, BK Wang, XP Verhey, SA Forsman, JW Pilon, CL AF Ross, RJ Erickson, JR Brashaw, BK Wang, XP Verhey, SA Forsman, JW Pilon, CL TI Yield and ultrasonic modulus of elasticity of red maple veneer SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The purpose of the study was to assess the potential for using red maple sawlogs to manufacture laminated veneer lumber (LVL). The primary objective was to determine the yield of ultrasonically graded veneer from red maple logs. A sample of 48 logs was obtained from six Eastern and Lake States in the United States. The logs were visually graded and shipped to a plywood manufacturing facility in northern Michigan where they were debarked, steamed for 72 hours, and then rotary peeled into nominal 1/8-inch-(standard 3-mm-) thick veneer. Special care was taken to ensure that each veneer sheet could be traced back to the log from which it came. The veneer sheets were dried to approximately 12 percent moisture content at the plywood mill, shipped to the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin, and nondestructively tested using a commercially available ultrasonic veneer grader. The average stress wave speed, obtained from the veneer grader, and the density of each sheet was used to compute its modulus of elasticity (MOE). Veneer yield and MOE were compared on the basis of geographical region of log origin: Lake States (Michigan and Wisconsin) and Eastern States (New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and West Virginia). Veneer yield was tabulated based on four categories: 54-inch-(137-cm-) wide sheets, 36-inch-(91-cm-) wide sheets, strips, and fishtails. The only major difference in yield between the two regions was observed in the No. 2 logs. The Eastern States' No. 2 logs yielded approximately 13 percent more of the original log volume as 54-inch (137-cm) sheets. The MOE comparisons were based on results from the 54-inch (137-cm) sheets because the yield of 36-inch (91-cm) sheets was low. When grouped, the yield of 54-inch (137-cm) veneer sheets was similar for the No. I and No. 2 logs, but lower from the No. 3 logs. Decreases in the total veneer yield corresponded with decreases in log quality. The MOE values of veneer from all logs had a mean value of 1.80 x 10(6) lb./in.(2) (12.4 GPa) and a standard deviation of 0.33 x 10(6) lb./in.(2) (2.3 GPa). C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Minnesota, Wood Mat & Engn Program, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. TECO, Sun Prairie, WI 53590 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Ross, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 220 EP 225 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000036 ER PT J AU Cai, ZY Wu, QL Lee, JN Hiziroglu, S AF Cai, ZY Wu, QL Lee, JN Hiziroglu, S TI Influence of board density, mat construction, and chip type on performance of particleboard made from eastern redcedar SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPRUCE BARK AB The purpose of this study was to investigate mechanical and physical performances of particleboard made from low-value eastern redcedar trees. The properties evaluated included bending strength and stiffness, swelling, surface hardness, and screw holding capacity as a function of processing variables (i.e., density, chip type, and board construction). Two types of chips (whole tree and pure wood), two types of mat constructions (single- and three-layer), and four different density levels (0.4, 0.5, 0.65, and 0.75 g/cm(3)) were used in manufacturing the test panels. Board density and mat construction type were found to have major influences on board properties while chip type had no significant effect on the properties. The results showed that with some improvements in process parameters and processing techniques, low-grade eastern redcedar has a future as a particleboard furnish in the manufacture of marketable products. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Forest Prod Utilizat & Dev Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Cai, ZY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 226 EP 232 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000037 ER PT J AU Simpson, WT Illman, BL AF Simpson, WT Illman, BL TI Heat sterilization times of red pine boards SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to determine the time required to heat the center of red pine boards to various temperatures for sterilization. This information will serve as a guideline for those concerned with heat sterilizing wood pallets and other wood shipping containers to meet heat treatment requirements for protection against invasive pests. Red pine boards, 4 inches (102 mm) wide and 1, 2, and 4 inches (25, 51 and 102 mm) thick, were heated in several combinations of heating temperature and relative humidity. The time required to heat the boards increased exponentially with target center temperature and linearly with board thickness. Heating was fastest in saturated steam; dry air required more heating time. Upper 99 percent confidence levels for heating times were determined to offer practical estimates of heating times that have a high probability of ensuring the center of each board reaches target temperature. H I eat conduction theory was successful in calculating estimated heating times when the heating medium was saturated steam. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Simpson, WT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 12 BP 240 EP 244 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 883NP UT WOS:000226020000039 ER PT J AU Juzwik, J Skalbeck, TC Neuman, MF AF Juzwik, J Skalbeck, TC Neuman, MF TI Sap beetle species (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae) visiting fresh wounds on healthy oaks during spring in Minnesota SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oak wilt; nitidulids; phoresy rates; Quercus ellipsoidalis; Quercus rubra ID CERATOCYSTIS-FAGACEARUM; WILT AB Many species of sap beetles have been implicated as vectors of the oak wilt pathogen, (Ceratocystis fagacearum), but the species responsible for most aboveground transmission of the fungus is unknown. The abundance of adult sap beetle species inhabiting <7-day-old, artificially made wounds on healthy oaks during Apr.-June of 2 years in Minnesota, and the frequencies with which viable propagules of the fungi were present on each, were determined. Sap beetles were most abundant on wounds created in May, and 1-3-day-old wounds yielded higher numbers of insects than 4-6-day-old wounds. Of the beetles collected, >95% were Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi. C. fagacearum was isolated from 75% of 594 adults assayed for the fungus. The average number of viable propagules for pooled data of individuals of each species ranged from <100 to 18,000. Frequencies of fungus isolation differed by days after wounding, study location, and sap beetle species. These results, when coupled with previous findings on predominant species associated with oak wilt fungi mats, support the hypothesis that Co. truncatus and Ca. sayi are the principal sap beetle species transmitting C. fagacearum from diseased to healthy oaks in Minnesota. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Juzwik, J (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1561 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jjuzwik@fs.fed.us; beacon85@hotmail.com; marc.neuman@syngenta.com NR 32 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 BP 757 EP 764 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 900RJ UT WOS:000227231700002 ER PT J AU Jenness, JS Beier, P Ganey, JL AF Jenness, JS Beier, P Ganey, JL TI Associations between forest fire and Mexican spotted owls SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE prescribed burn; occupancy; reproduction; stand-replacement; stand-maintenance ID PONDEROSA PINE; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; SETTLEMENT; MOUNTAINS AB In 1993, the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed the Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) as threatened, in part because of the rising threat to its habitat from stand-replacing wildfires. In 1997, we surveyed 33 owl sites that, in the previous four years, had burned at various levels ranging from light controlled burns to stand-replacing fires. We compared owl occupancy and reproduction in these burned sites to 31 unburned owl sites with similar habitat and topography. Although unburned sites showed higher proportions of both occupancy and reproduction, the negative relationship observed between recent fire occurrence and owl occupancy rank was statistically weak (Test for Marginal Homogeneity, P = 0.110). Owls tended not to be present where pure pine stands (Pinus spp.) comprised a large proportion (38-85%) of burned sites, but no other factors relating to habitat or fire severity had a significant, biologically interpretable influence on occupancy rank. We suspect that relatively low-intensity ground fires, including most prescribed fires, probably have little or no short-term impact on Mexican spotted owl presence or reproduction, but we have no data on long-term effects of fire. We recommend proactive fuels-management treatments in areas not currently occupied by owls as a means of reducing fire risk in areas occupied by owls. Within areas occupied by owls, judicious treatments may be appropriate after case-by-case evaluations of potential benefits and risks within those sites. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry & Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Jenness, JS (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jeffj@jennessent.com; Paul.Beier@nau.edu; jganey@fs.fed.us RI Beier, Paul/K-9294-2013; OI Beier, Paul/0000-0002-4297-4343; Jenness, Jeff/0000-0002-9448-1444 NR 52 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 BP 765 EP 772 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 900RJ UT WOS:000227231700003 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MA Webster, CR Parker, GR Spetich, MA AF Jenkins, MA Webster, CR Parker, GR Spetich, MA TI Coarse woody debris in managed Central Hardwood Forests of Indiana, USA SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Central Hardwood Region; deadwood volume; snags; even and uneven-aged silviculture; ecological classification ID GROWTH DECIDUOUS FOREST; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; NORTHERN HARDWOOD; SOUTHEASTERN KENTUCKY; CUMBERLAND PLATEAU; WESTERN OREGON; SMALL MAMMALS; CLASSIFICATION; LANDSCAPE AB We evaluated the volume of down deadwood (DDW) and the basal area of standing deadwood (SDW) from a chronosequence of 110 silvicultural openings and 34 mature stands (72-105 years old) across three Ecological Landtype Phases (ELTP; wet-mesic bottomlands, mesic slopes, and dry-mesic slopes) in southern Indiana, USA. The volume of DDW decreased with increasing opening age and was lower in clearcuts than in group-selection openings. Openings on mesic slopes and bottoms contained greater volumes of IDIDW than openings on dry-mesic slopes. Regardless of age and ELTP, openings contained low volumes of highly decayed DDW. The volume of small-diameter DDW decreased rapidly with increasing stand age across all three ELTPs. Mature stands contained low total volumes of DDW (maximum of 22.4 +/- 5.1 m(3) ha(-1)) and low volumes of both highly decayed and large-diameter IDIDW. Most of the dead trees in silvicultural openings were small diameter and did not contribute significantly to DDW volume. SDW basal area was very low in mature stands (maximum of 1.4 +/- 0.5 m(2) ha(-1)), suggesting that little mortality has occurred. Our results suggest that even and uneven-aged silviculture in hardwood forests have differing impacts on the volume and distribution of coarse woody debris (CWD). In addition, the mature stands that dominate forests across much of the Central Hardwood Region of the eastern United States contain relatively little CWD compared to younger and old-growth stands. C1 Twin Creeks Nat Resources Ctr, Invent & Monitoring Program, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Jenkins, MA (reprint author), Twin Creeks Nat Resources Ctr, Invent & Monitoring Program, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. EM mike_jenkins@nps.gov NR 59 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 BP 781 EP 792 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 900RJ UT WOS:000227231700005 ER PT J AU Westfall, JA Burkhart, HE Allen, HL AF Westfall, JA Burkhart, HE Allen, HL TI Young stand growth modeling for intensively-managed loblolly pine plantations in southeastern US SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE site preparation; competition control; onset of competition; growth and yield; fertilization ID SITE PREPARATION; TREE GROWTH; TAEDA L; JUVENILE; FERTILIZATION; HEIGHT AB Intensively managed loblolly pine stands are often subjected to a variety of silvicultural treatments at time of planting or shortly thereafter. However, most loblolly pine growth-and-yield models predict growth after crown closure has occurred. In this article, we describe the development and implementation of a system of equations designed to simulate growth of loblolly pine before the onset of intraspecific competition. Treatment response functions were also developed for various site preparation, herbaceous weed control, and fertilization practices. These functions modify the baseline model predictions to simulate the effects of treatments on tree growth and stand development. This system was incorporated into the PTAEDA2 growth-and-yield simulator to make growth projections from time of planting through rotation age for intensively managed stands of loblolly pine in the southeastern United States. Growth simulations specifying either bedding or disking showed increases in volume growth for both treatments. The shear-and-pile site-preparation method reduced growth rates slightly. Volume growth responses to herbaceous weed control were positive, with magnitude of increase largely depending on duration of treatment. Increases in volume attributable to fertilization at planting were related to types of element applied. The largest predicted response was for phosphorus fertilization, whereas application of potassium was the least effective fertilization treatment. Site preparation, weed control, and fertilization treatment combinations produced additional volume gains when compared to single treatments, while maintaining predicted values that are within biological limits for loblolly pine growth. Levels of response to treatments are consistent with results from published studies on intensive management practices. The addition of the precompetitive growth system did not significantly affect the predictive behavior of the PTAEDA2 model for untreated stands. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Westfall, JA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jameswestfall@fs.fed.us; burkhart@vt.edu; lee_allen@ncsu.edu NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 BP 823 EP 835 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 900RJ UT WOS:000227231700009 ER PT J AU Monserud, RA Ledermann, T Sterba, H AF Monserud, RA Ledermann, T Sterba, H TI Are self-thinning constraints needed in a tree-specific mortality model? SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE self-thinning; maximum size-density relationship; mortality model; stand simulation; PROGNAUS; Reineke ID DENSITY MANAGEMENT; STANDS; POPULATIONS; PLANTATIONS; FORESTS; NUMBER; SIZE; RULE; LAW AB Can a tree-specific mortality model elicit expected forest stand density dynamics without imposing stand-level constraints such as Reineke's maximum stand density index (SDI(max)) or the -3/2 power law of self-thinning? We examine this emergent properties question using the Austrian stand simulator PROGNAUS. This simulator was chosen specifically because it does not use stand density constraints to determine individual tree mortality rates. In addition, it is based on a probability sample of the population that includes the span of the data being used to test the hypothesis. Initial conditions were obtained from 27 permanent research plots that were established in young pure stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Austria. A growth period of 250 years was simulated. We conduct our test in two parts. First, we compare our simulated results to Reineke's theory of maximum density and stand density index by examining the self-thinning relationship between stem number per hectare and quadratic mean diameter (log-log scale). Second, we compare our results to Sterba's full competition density rule, which incorporates dominant height along with stem number and quadratic mean diameter. From the results for Norway spruce, we conclude that stand-level density constraints are not necessary to obtain Reineke's maximum size-density relations. Norway spruce results confirm that the maximum size-density relationship reflects reasonable and stable stand dynamics and conforms to that expected by Reineke's theory. Results from simulation of Scots pine also display reasonable and stable stand dynamics, except that they greatly exceed Reineke's maximum stand density index determined empirically from the literature. This Scots pine result argues for stand-level constraints (such as specifying SDI(max)) to ensure that the appropriate intercept for the maximum density line is used. Our second test revealed that the estimated maximum stand density index according to Sterba's theory was too high for both species, but that the relative rankings across plots were correct. Thus, we are left with ambiguous results. First, that a density-dependent individual-tree mortality model, developed on an adequate data set, is sufficient for the desired stand-level behavior of Reineke to emerge. Second, that stand-level constraints on SDUI(max) need to be imposed if the underlying mortality modeling database is not adequate. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Bundesamt Forschungszentrum Wald, A-1131 Vienna, Austria. Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Dept Forest & Soil Sci, Inst Forest Growth & Yield Res, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. RP Monserud, RA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM rmonserud@fs.fed.us; thomas.ledermann@bfw.gv.at; hubert.sterba@boku.ac.at NR 49 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 BP 848 EP 858 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 900RJ UT WOS:000227231700011 ER PT J AU Youdim, KA Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA AF Youdim, KA Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA TI Flavonoids and the brain: Interactions at the blood-brain barrier and their physiological effects on the central nervous system SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE flavonoids; blood-brain barrier; neuroprotection; brain; cognition; aging; free radicals ID AMYLOID-PRECURSOR-PROTEIN; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; P-GLYCOPROTEIN ACTIVITY; RAT DENTATE GYRUS; ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE PROTEIN; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AB Over the past few years there has been an exponential growth in the number of reports describing the effects of nutritional modulation on aging and age-related diseases. Specific attention has been directed toward the beneficial effects afforded by dietary antioxidants, in particular those from fruit and vegetables, in ameliorating age-related deficits in brain performance. The rationale for studying the effects of dietary intervention stems from evidence implicating free radicals in aspects related to the aging process. Age-dependent neuropathology is a cumulative response to alterations induced by reactive oxygen species. Therefore cognitive aging, according to this hypothesis, should be slowed, and possibly even reversed, by appropriately increasing levels of antioxidants or decreasing overproduction of free radicals in the body. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Neurosci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Kings Coll London, Guys Kings & St Thomas Sch Biomed Sci, Antioxidant Res Grp, Wolfson Ctr Age Related Dis, London SE1 9RT, England. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Neurosci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tuffs.edu NR 107 TC 168 Z9 172 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1683 EP 1693 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.08.002 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 874RC UT WOS:000225366500001 PM 15528027 ER PT J AU D'Antonio, CM Jackson, NE Horvitz, CC Hedberg, R AF D'Antonio, CM Jackson, NE Horvitz, CC Hedberg, R TI Invasive plants in wildland ecosystems: merging the study of invasion processes with management needs SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID INFESTED RANGELAND; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; BIODIVERSITY; INVASIBILITY; RECRUITMENT; BIOSECURITY; MODELS AB Increasing numbers of non-native species threaten the values of wildland ecosystems. As a result, interest in and research on invasive plant species in wildland settings has accelerated. Nonetheless, the ecological and economic impacts of non-native species continue to grow, raising the question of how to best apply science to the regulation and management of invasive plants. A major constraint to controlling the flow of potentially undesirable plant species is the lack of a strong regulatory framework concurrent with increases in trade volume. To address this, ecologists have been developing models to predict which species will be harmful to wildland values and are working with the horticultural industry to apply this information to the sale of species. The management of established invasive plants is hampered by conflicting goals, a lack of information on management outcomes, and a lack of funding. Ecologists and weed scientists can provide a scientific basis for prioritizing species for control and for managing species composition through the application of control technology, which can take place simultaneously with the manipulation of the ecological processes that influence community susceptibility to invasion. A stronger scientific basis for land management decisions is needed and can be met through nationally funded partnerships between university and agency scientists and land managers. C1 USDA ARS, Reno, NV USA. Monsanto Co, Corona, CA USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Weed Sci Soc Amer, Washington, DC USA. RP D'Antonio, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV USA. EM dantonio@es.ucsb.edu NR 45 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 2 IS 10 BP 513 EP 521 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 878ML UT WOS:000225650800011 ER PT J AU Kato, CY Nagai, C Moore, PH Zee, F Kim, MS Steiger, DL Ming, R AF Kato, CY Nagai, C Moore, PH Zee, F Kim, MS Steiger, DL Ming, R TI Intra-specific DNA polymorphism in pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) assessed by AFLP markers SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ananas; DNA fingerprinting; genetic diversity; germplasm; molecular phylogeny; pineapple ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; RFLP; CULTIVARS AB Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) cultivars, often derived from somatic mutations, are propagated vegetatively. It has been suggested by isozyme data that there is little genetic variation among Smooth Cayenne cultivars. A thorough investigation of the genetic variation within the cultivated species Ananas comosus, particularly among commercial cultivars, will provide critical information needed for crop improvement and cultivar protection. One-hundred and forty-eight accessions of A. comosus and 14 accessions of related species were evaluated with AFLP markers. The average genetic similarity of A. comosus was 0.735 ranging from 0.549 to 0.972, suggesting a high degree of genetic variation within this species. With AFLP markers, discrete DNA fingerprints were detected for each commercial cultivar, breeding line, and intra-specific hybrid. Self-incompatibility, high levels of somatic mutation, and intra-specific hybridization may account for this high degree of variation. However, major cultivar groups of pineapple, such as Cayenne, Spanish, and Queen, could not be distinctively separated. These cultivar groups are based on morphological similarity, and the similar appearance can be caused by a few mutations that occurred on different genetic background. Our results suggest that there is abundant genetic variation within existing pineapple germplasm for selection, and discrete DNA fingerprinting patterns for commercial cultivars can be detected for cultivar protection. The genetic diversity and relationships of four Ananas species are also discussed. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. USDA ARS, PBARC, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM rming@harc-hspa.com NR 27 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 8 BP 815 EP 825 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 891LP UT WOS:000226582900002 ER PT J AU Pan, YB Burner, DM Legendre, BL Grisham, MP White, WH AF Pan, YB Burner, DM Legendre, BL Grisham, MP White, WH TI An assessment of the genetic diversity within a collection of Saccharum spontaneum L. with RAPD-PCR SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; RAPD-PCR; S. spontaneum L. ID PHYLOGENETIC TREES; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SUGARCANE; MARKERS; REGISTRATION; OFFICINARUM; VARIETIES AB A local collection of 33 Saccharum spontaneum L. clones and two sugarcane cultivars (LCP 82-89 and LCP 85-384) were assessed for genetic variability using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. A total of 157 polymorphic RAPD-PCR bands were scored with 17 primers. The number of RAPD-PCR products per primer ranged from four to 16. The data were analyzed with two multivariate analysis software programs, NTSYSpc and DNAMAN(R). Although these two programs yielded similar results, a bootstrapped phylogenetic tree could only be generated with the DNAMAN(R) software. A substantial degree of genetic diversity was found within the local S. spontaneum collection. Pairwise genetic homology coefficients ranged from 65% (SES, 196/Tainan 2n = 96) to 88.5% (IND 81-80/IND 81-144). LCP 82-89 and LCP 85-384 shared a greater similarity (82%) than either was to any clone of S. spontaneum (ranging from 60.5 to 75.2%). The 3 3 S. spontaneum clones were assigned to eight groups independent of their geographic origin or morphology, while the two sugarcane cultivars were assigned to the ninth group. All but two pairs of S. spontaneum clones could be distinguished by a single RAPD primer OPBB-02. The use of a second primer, either OPBE-04 or Primer 262, separated all S. spontaneum clones. One amplification product from the RAPD primer OPA-11, OPA-11-336, proved to be cultivar-specific and has been adopted for use in our breeding program. Information from this study would help conserve the genetic diversity of S. spontaneum. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Pan, YB (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM ypan@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 8 BP 895 EP 903 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 891LP UT WOS:000226582900010 ER PT J AU Garcia, S Sanz, M Garnatje, T Kreitschitz, A McArthur, ED Valles, J AF Garcia, S Sanz, M Garnatje, T Kreitschitz, A McArthur, ED Valles, J TI Variation of DNA amount in 47 populations of the subtribe Artemisiinae and related taxa (Asteraceae, Anthemideae): karyological, ecological, and systematic implications SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Artemisia; C value; ecology; evolution; flow cytometry; genome size; nuclear DNA amount variation; phylogeny; polyploidy; systematics ID RARE CHROMOSOME COUNTS; NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; GENOME SIZE VARIATION; C-VALUES; SUBGENUS TRIDENTATAE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; BASE COMPOSITION; GENUS ARTEMISIA; L. AB Genome size has been estimated by flow cytometry in 47 populations of 40 species of the tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae), mainly from Artemisia and other genera of the subtribe Artemisiinae and related taxa. A range of 2C values from 3.54 to 21.22 pg was found. DNA amount per basic chromosome set ranged from 1.77 to 7.70 pg. First genome size estimates are provided for one subtribe, 10 genera, 32 species, and two subspecies. Nuclear DNA amount correlated well with some karyological, physiological and environmental characters, and has been demonstrated as a useful tool in the interpretation of evolutionary relationships within Artemisia and its close relatives. C1 Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Lab Bot, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. CSIC, Ajuntament Barcelona, Inst Bot Barcelona, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain. Univ Wroclaw, Inst Plant Biol, Div Plant Morphol & Dev, PL-50328 Wroclaw, Poland. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Valles, J (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Lab Bot, Av Joan XXIII S-N, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. EM joanvalles@ub.edu RI Valles, Joan/B-4165-2013; Garcia, Sonia /M-7460-2013; Garnatje, Teresa/L-3028-2014 OI Garcia, Sonia /0000-0002-3143-0527; NR 62 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1004 EP 1014 DI 10.1139/G04-061 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 896IH UT WOS:000226927300002 PM 15644958 ER PT J AU Jiang, SM Zhang, L Shi, JHR Zhou, GH Chen, YH Yin, WB Wang, RRC Hu, ZM AF Jiang, SM Zhang, L Shi, JHR Zhou, GH Chen, YH Yin, WB Wang, RRC Hu, ZM TI Screening and analysis of differentially expressed genes from an alien addition line of wheat Thinopyrum intermedium induced by barley yellow dwarf virus infection SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH); expressed sequence tag (EST); linker adaptor mediated polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR); chromosome microdissection ID SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; COMMON WHEAT; CHROMOSOME 2AI-2; MOLECULAR MARKER; YD2 GENE; RESISTANCE; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION; MICRODISSECTION; LIBRARY AB The alien addition line TAI-27 contains a pair of chromosomes of Thinopyrum intermedium that carry resistance against barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). A subtractive library was constructed using the leaves of TAI-27, which were infected by Schizaphis graminum carrying the GAV strain of BYDV and the control at the three-leaf stage. Nine differentially expressed genes were identified from 100 randomly picked clones and sequenced. Two of the nine clones were highly homologous with known genes. Of the remaining seven cDNA clones, five clones matched with known expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences from wheat and (or) barley whereas the other two clones were unknown. Five of the nine differentially expressed sequences (WTJ9, WTJ11, WTJ15, WTJ19, and WTJ32) were highly homologous (identities >94%) with ESTs from wheat or barley challenged with pathogens. These five sequences and another one (WTJ18) were also highly homologous (identities >86%) with abiotic stress induced ESTs in wheat or barley. Reverse Northern hybridization showed that seven of the nine differentially expressed cDNA sequences hybridized with cDNA of T. intermedium infected by BYDV. Three of these also hybridized with eDNA of line 3B-2 (a parent of TAI-27) infected by BYDV. The alien chromosome in TAI-27 was microdissected. The second round linker adaptor mediated PCR products of the alien chromosomal DNA were labeled with digoxygenin and used as the probe to hybridize with the nine differentially expressed genes. The analysis showed that seven differentially expressed genes were homologous with the alien chromosome of TAI-27. These seven differentially expressed sequences could be used as ESTs of the alien chromosome of TAI-27. This research laid the foundation for screening and cloning of new specific functional genes conferring resistance to BYDV and probably other pathogens. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Dept Mol & Dev Biol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100000, Peoples R China. Utah State Univ, FRRL, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hu, ZM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM zmhu@genetics.ac.cn RI Rui, Shi/B-3306-2008; Jiang, Shumei/J-8295-2014 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1114 EP 1121 DI 10.1139/G04-070 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 896IH UT WOS:000226927300013 PM 15644969 ER PT J AU Zhou, WC Kolb, FL Yu, JB Bai, GH Boze, LK Domier, LL AF Zhou, WC Kolb, FL Yu, JB Bai, GH Boze, LK Domier, LL TI Molecular characterization of Fusarium head blight resistance in Wangshuibai with simple sequence repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE head scab; marker-assisted selection; molecular mapping; Triticum aestivum L.; wheat ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SCAB RESISTANCE; SPRING WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; DEOXYNIVALENOL ACCUMULATION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; QTL; CULTIVARS; GRAMINEARUM; GENOME AB Molecular mapping of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker-assisted selection of these QTL will aid in the development of resistant cultivars. Most reported FHB resistance QTL are from 'Sumai 3' and its derivatives. 'Wangshuibai' is a FHB-resistant landrace that originated from China and is not known to be related to `Sumai 3'. A mapping population of 139 F-5:6 recombinant inbred lines was developed from a cross of 'Wangshuibai' and 'Wheaton'. This population was developed to map the FHB-resistant QTL in 'Wangshuibai' and was evaluated twice for Type II FHB resistance. A total of 1196 simple sequence repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were screened on this population, and four FHB resistance QTL were detected. A major QTL near the end of 3BS explained 37.3% of the phenotypic variation. Another QTL on 3BS, located close to the centromere, explained 7.4% of the phenotypic variation. Two additional QTL on 7AL and 1BL explained 9.8% and 11.9% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The simple sequence repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers closely linked to these QTL may be useful for stacking QTL from 'Wangshuibai' and other sources to develop cultivars with transgressive FHB resistance. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, MWA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kolb, FL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, MWA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM f-kolb@uiuc.edu NR 47 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1137 EP 1143 DI 10.1139/G04-069 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 896IH UT WOS:000226927300016 PM 15644972 ER PT J AU Jauhar, PP Dogramaci, M Peterson, TS AF Jauhar, PP Dogramaci, M Peterson, TS TI Synthesis and cytological characterization of trigeneric hybrids of durum wheat with and without Ph1 SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE alien gene transfer; chiasma (xma) frequency; chromosome pairing; fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization; (fl-GISH); homoeologous-pairing regulator; specificity of chromosome pairing; wheatgrass ID LOPHOPYRUM-ELONGATUM; THINOPYRUM-BESSARABICUM; AGROPYRON-CRISTATUM; ELYTRIGIA-ELONGATA; TRITICUM-TURGIDUM; SALT TOLERANCE; BREAD WHEAT; CHROMOSOMES; GENOME; GENE AB Wild grasses in the tribe Triticeae, some in the primary or secondary gene pool of wheat, are excellent reservoirs of genes for superior agronomic traits, including resistance to various diseases. Thus, the diploid wheatgrasses Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. and Rayss) A. Love (2n = 2x = 14; JJ genome) and Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Love (2n = 2x = 14; EE genome) are important sources of genes for disease resistance, e.g., Fusarium head blight resistance that may be transferred to wheat. By crossing fertile amphidiploids (2n = 4x = 28; JJEE) developed from F-1 hybrids of the 2 diploid species with appropriate genetic stocks of durum wheat, we synthesized trigeneric hybrids (2n 4x = 28; ABJE) incorporating both the J and E genomes of the grass species with the durum genomes A and B. Trigeneric hybrids with and without the homoeologous-pairing suppressor gene, Ph1, were produced. In the absence of Ph1, the chances of genetic recombination between chromosomes of the 2 useful grass genomes (JE) and those of the durum genomes (AB) would be enhanced. Meiotic chromosome pairing was studied using both conventional staining and fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH). As expected, the Ph1-intergeneric hybrids showed low chromosome pairing (23.86% of the complement), whereas the trigenerics with ph1b (49.49%) and those with their chromosome 5B replaced by 5D (49.09%) showed much higher pairing. The absence of Ph1 allowed pairing and, hence, genetic recombination between homoeologous chromosomes. F1-GISH analysis afforded an excellent tool for studying the specificity of chromosome pairing: wheat with grass, wheat with wheat, or grass with grass. In the trigeneric hybrids that lacked chromosome 5B, and hence lacked the Ph1 gene, the wheat-grass pairing was elevated, i.e., 2.6 chiasmata per cell, a welcome feature from the breeding standpoint. Using Langdon 5D(5B) disomic substitution for making trigeneric hybrids should promote homoeologous pairing between durum and grass chromosomes and hence accelerate alien gene transfer into the durum genomes. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM prem.jauhar@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 32 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1173 EP 1181 DI 10.1139/G04-082 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 896IH UT WOS:000226927300020 PM 15644976 ER PT J AU Vales, MI Riera-Lizarazu, O Rines, HW Phillips, RL AF Vales, MI Riera-Lizarazu, O Rines, HW Phillips, RL TI Transmission of maize chromosome 9 rearrangements in oat-maize radiation hybrids SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Avena sativa; Zea mays; addition lines; chromosome rearrangements ID GENOME; LINES AB Oat-maize radiation hybrids are oat (Avena sativa L.) plants carrying radiation-induced subchromosome fragments of a given maize (Zea mays L.) chromosome. Since first-generation radiation hybrids contain various maize chromosome rearrangements in a hemizygous condition, variation might be expected in the transmission of these rearrangements to subsequent generations. The transmission and integrity of maize chromosome 9 rearrangements were evaluated in progenies of 30 oat-maize radiation hybrids by using a series of DNA-based markers and by genomic in situ hybridization. Maize chromosome 9 rearrangements were reisolated by self-fertilization in 24 of the 30 radiation hybrid lineages. Normal and deleted versions of maize chromosome 9 were transmitted at similar frequencies of 9.1% and 7.6%, respectively, while intergenomic translocations were transmitted at a significantly higher frequency of 47.6%. Most lines (93%) that inherited a rearrangement had it in the hemizygous condition. Lines with a rearrangement in the homozygous state (7%) were only identified in lineages with intergenomic translocations. Homozygous lines are more desirable from the perspective of stock maintenance, since they may stably transmit a given rearrangement to a subsequent generation. However, their isolation is not strictly required, since hemizygous lines can also be used for genome mapping studies. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Riera-Lizarazu, O (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM oscar.riera@oregonstate.edu OI Riera-Lizarazu, Oscar/0000-0002-7477-4063 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1202 EP 1210 DI 10.1139/G04-071 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 896IH UT WOS:000226927300023 PM 15644979 ER PT J AU Washington, JW Endale, DM Samarkina, LP Chappell, KE AF Washington, JW Endale, DM Samarkina, LP Chappell, KE TI Kinetic control of oxidation state at thermodynamically buffered potentials in subsurface waters SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN CONCENTRATIONS; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; IRON REDUCTION; NATURAL-WATERS; SEDIMENTS; GROUNDWATER; SULFIDE; OXIDE; FERROZINE; BACTERIA AB Dissolved oxygen (DO) and organic carbon (C-org) are among the highest- and lowest-potential reactants, respectively, of redox couples in natural waters. When DO and C-org are present in subsurface settings. other couples are drawn toward potentials imposed by them, generating a bimodal clustering of calculated redox potentials. Which cluster a couple is drawn toward is determined by whether the couple's oxidant or reductant is more concentrated. Generally, reactants >10(-6)M are near equilibrium with their dominant complementary reactant and in a cluster, whereas reactants <10(-6)M are relatively slow to react and diverge from the clusters. These observations suggest that reactions of higher-potential oxidants with lower-potential reductants commonly proceed simultaneously, regardless of the presence of other potential reactants. with the rates of reaction being determined more by concentration than relative potentials. As DO or C-org decreases, the potential gap separating Couples diminishes. In waters having quantifiable concentrations of higher potential oxidants O-2 and NO3-, [H-2] was not diagnostic of their presence. In the water we analyzed having no quantifiable O-2 or NO3, redox potential calculated with [H-2] was similar to potentials calculated for SO42- reduction and methanogenesis. Composite reactions, NO3- --> N-2 and O-2 --> H2O, are best characterized in multiple steps due to slow reaction of low-concentration intermediates. The [CO] data we report, among the first for groundwater, are high compared to water equilibrated with the atmosphere. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30606 USA. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Washington, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30606 USA. EM washington.john@epa.gov NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 68 IS 23 BP 4831 EP 4842 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.001 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 879CU UT WOS:000225694800006 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, DS Reich, PB Naumburg, ES Koch, GW Kubiske, ME Smith, SD AF Ellsworth, DS Reich, PB Naumburg, ES Koch, GW Kubiske, ME Smith, SD TI Photosynthesis, carboxylation and leaf nitrogen responses of 16 species to elevated pCO(2) across four free-air CO2 enrichment experiments in forest, grassland and desert SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE downregulation; elevated CO2; free-air CO2 enrichment; leaf carboxylation capacity; leaf nitrogen; nitrogen allocation to RuBP carboxylase enzyme; photosynthesis-nitrogen relationships; photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency; plant functional groups ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; LONG-TERM; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; C-3 PLANTS; ACCLIMATION; FACE; GROWTH; AREA AB The magnitude of changes in carboxylation capacity in dominant plant species under long-term elevated CO2 exposure (elevated pC(a)) directly impacts ecosystem CO2 assimilation from the atmosphere. We analyzed field CO2 response curves of 16 C-3 species of different plant growth forms in favorable growth conditions in four free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments in a pine and deciduous forest, a grassland and a desert. Among species and across herb, tree and shrub growth forms there were significant enhancements in CO2 assimilation (A) by +40+/-5% in elevated pC(a) (49.5-57.1 Pa), although there were also significant reductions in photosynthetic capacity in elevated pC(a) in some species. Photosynthesis at a common pC(a) (A(a)) was significantly reduced in five species growing under elevated pC(a), while leaf carboxylation capacity (V-cmax) was significantly reduced by elevated pC(a) in seven species (change of -19+/-3% among these species) across different growth forms and FACE sites. Adjustments in V-cmax with elevated pC(a) were associated with changes in leaf N among species, and occurred in species with the highest leaf N. Elevated pC(a) treatment did not affect the mass-based relationships between A or V-cmax and N, which differed among herbs, trees and shrubs. Thus, effects of elevated pC(a) on leaf C assimilation and carboxylation capacity occurred largely through changes in leaf N, rather than through elevated pC(a) effects on the relationships themselves. Maintenance of leaf carboxylation capacity among species in elevated pC(a) at these sites depends on maintenance of canopy N stocks, with leaf N depletion associated with photosynthetic capacity adjustments. Since CO2 responses can only be measured experimentally on a small number of species, understanding elevated CO2 effects on canopy N-m and N-a will greatly contribute to an ability to model responses of leaf photosynthesis to atmospheric CO2 in different species and plant growth forms. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Ellsworth, DS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 430 E Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ellswor@umich.edu OI Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272 NR 63 TC 153 Z9 160 U1 7 U2 76 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2121 EP 2138 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00867.x PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876HR UT WOS:000225487900015 ER PT J AU Staley, TE Belesky, DP AF Staley, TE Belesky, DP TI Nodulation and root growth of forage legumes sown into tall fescue swards SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE symbiosis; rhizobia; endophyte; red clover; white clover; alfalfa; lucerne; roots ID SOIL; PERFORMANCE; PASTURE; CLOVER; STEERS AB Establishing forage legumes into endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacae Schreb.) pastures is problematic, especially in well-established stands. A oversowing field experiment determined if this problem was because of poor nodulation. Four renovation techniques, clipped sward (treatment A), herbicided + rye seeding in the previous autumn (treatment B), herbicided in the autumn and spring (treatment C) and herbicided to suppress the sward (treatment D), were investigated to determine their effect on nodulation and root growth of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (T. repens L.) at 16, 22 and 29 d after sowing the legumes. A pot experiment was also conducted under optimal growth conditions and using the same soil to determine the nodulation and root growth potentials of these legume species. At adequate rhizobial populations (>6 x 10(4) cfu g(-1) soil), substantial nodulation of all species occurred by 29 d after sowing in treatments C and D, whereas nodulation of clovers was usually reduced in treatment A. Total root lengths for all sampling dates, species and treatments were severely restricted, especially under treatment A. A general correspondence of nodulation with root growth was observed for all species, with high correlations (r greater than or equal to 0.85) between these variables for all legume species and treatments, suggesting that soil moisture, and possibly competition for light, were the limiting factors. These results demonstrate that weak stands of forage legumes, typically found when sown into tall fescue swards, are probably not because of inadequate nodulation. Rather, inhibition of root growth by detrimental physical/chemical conditions or, allocation of limited photosynthate to shoots instead of roots is suggested. C1 USDA ARS NAA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Staley, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS NAA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM tom.staley@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 59 IS 4 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2004.00441.x PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 880DJ UT WOS:000225768900010 ER PT J AU Wojan, TR AF Wojan, TR TI Replicating microfinance in the United States SO GROWTH AND CHANGE LA English DT Book Review C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Wojan, TR (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-4815 J9 GROWTH CHANGE JI Growth Change PD WIN PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 111 EP 113 PG 3 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 774MM UT WOS:000188987100008 ER PT J AU Baldwin, EA AF Baldwin, EA TI Ethylene and postharvest commodities SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ethylene in Controlled Environments CY JUL 22-25, 2001 CL Sacramento, CA SP Growth Chambers & Controlled Environm Working Grp ID BIOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; VEGETABLES; SENESCENCE; QUALITY; STRESS; FRUITS; WATER C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Baldwin, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1538 EP 1540 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 872MH UT WOS:000225210800003 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Hochmuth, RC AF Shogren, RL Hochmuth, RC TI Field evaluation of watermelon grown on paper-polymerized vegetable oil mulches SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soybean; linseed; kraft; biodegradable; fruit; plastic ID POLYETHYLENE MULCH; LETTUCE; FILM AB Biodegradable mulches made from kraft paper coated with polymerized (cured) vegetable oils were compared to black polyethylene mulches for promoting the growth of watermelon in northern Florida. Data from three spring growing seasons have been collected. Yields of watermelon planted on paper-soy oil and paper-linseed oil mulches were similar to those obtained for the control polyethylene mulches. This was the case where the paper-oil was cured before field application as well as when the paper-oil was applied to the field wet and curing took place in situ. Paper-oil mulches containing carbon black effectively blocked nutsedge growth, while nutsedge pierced and grew through the black polyethylene mulch. Degradation of the buried tucks were more rapid initially for paper-soy oil than paper-linseed oil mulch, but both lasted long enough to hold the mulch in place until spring harvests (approximate to2.5 months). In conclusion, paper coated with polymerized vegetable oil appears to be an effective substitute for polyethylene mulch for growing watermelon in Florida, although drawbacks include messiness in handling oily paper, slower application speeds, higher initial costs than polyethylene, and variability in rates of curing and degradation depending on soil and weather conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Live Oak, FL 32060 USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM shogrerl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1588 EP 1591 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 872MH UT WOS:000225210800015 ER PT J AU Takeda, F Hokanson, SC Enns, JM AF Takeda, F Hokanson, SC Enns, JM TI Influence of daughter plant weight and position on strawberry transplant production and field performance in annual plasticulture SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stolon; soilless culture; plug plant; rooting; propagation ID SYSTEM AB Strawberry ('Chandler') plants were grown in a greenhouse hydroponic culture system from 28 Apr. to 20 July to produce runners (stolons) with several daughter plants. By mid-July, each 'Chandler' plant had developed about 30 daughter plants on 12 runners with 1 to 6 daughter plants on each runner. Daughter plants varied in weight from <0.9 to >10 g. Daughter plant weight and position on the runner affected new root development on plug plants during the first 7 days under mist irrigation. At 3 weeks, 87% of daughter plants that weighed <0.9 g and at least 96% of daughter plants that weighed >1.0 g were rated acceptable for field transplanting, respectively. The percentage of daughter plants from second to tenth node position that were rated acceptable for field planting ranged from 98% to 88%, respectively. Runner production in the fall was not affected by either position on the runner or weight at the time of daughter plant harvest. But, larger daughter plants produced more branch crowns than did smaller daughter plants in the fall. Transplant survival in the field was 100%. In the spring, 'Chandler' plants produced a 10% greater yield from daughter plants that weighed 9.9 g compared to those that weighed only 0.9 g. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Takeda, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM ftakeda@afrs.ars.usda.gov; ennsj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1592 EP 1595 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 872MH UT WOS:000225210800016 ER PT J AU Hokanson, SC Takeda, F Enns, JM Black, BL AF Hokanson, SC Takeda, F Enns, JM Black, BL TI Influence of plant storage duration on strawberry runner tip viability and field performance SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plug plants; tissue culture; plant propagation; container plants; transplants; annual culture; plasticulture ID COLLETOTRICHUM-ACUTATUM; SPLASH DISPERSAL; CULTURE; SYSTEM; RAIN AB Tissue-culture derived mother plants were established in a greenhouse suspended-gutter, nutrient-film technique growing system to evaluate runner tip productivity in the system. Effects of cultivar ('Allstar','Chandler','Latestar','Northeaster', and USDA selection B 27) and duration (0, 1, or 2 months) of cold storage at 1 degreesC on tip viability, rooting success, and performance in fruit production were determined. The average number and weight of runner tips produced in the gutter production system, the capacity of runner tips to form cohesively rooted plug plants, and the number and length of adventitious roots produced by runner tips varied significantly among the cultivars and the three storage durations (0, 1, or 2 months). In the field, plants produced from runner tips stored for 2 months produced more runners than plants produced from freshly harvested runner tips. Crown number differed among the cultivars, but was not affected by cold storage treatment. No treatment differences were noted for the fruit harvest parameters evaluated. The results suggest that the transplants derived from mother plants grown in a greenhouse-based soilless system can be useful for annual plasticulture strawberry production in colder climates. Although long periods of cold storage of runner tips resulted in lower tip-to-transplant conversion ratios, field performance of transplants was not adversely affected. Additional research is needed to improve greenhouse strawberry production practices for increasing runner output and storage conditions that maintain the integrity of cold-stored runner tips. Without these improvements it is unlikely that soilless runner tip production will become a widely accepted technique that would replace the field nursery tip production method currently used by commercial strawberry propagators. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA, ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hokanson, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Black, Brent/A-8822-2008 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1596 EP 1600 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 872MH UT WOS:000225210800017 ER PT J AU Okie, WR Nyczepir, AP AF Okie, WR Nyczepir, AP TI Effect of winter inter root-zone temperature on root regeneration of peach rootstocks SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE root physiology; Primus persica ID GROWTH AB Roots of dormant peach trees can grow when soil temperatures are >7 degreesC, which commonly occurs in the southeastern U.S. during the winter. In our tests, root growth on 1-year-old nursery trees was minimal at 7 degreesC, and increased with temperature up to at least 16 degreesC, but rootstocks varied greatly in their regeneration at a given temperature. Trees on seedling rootstocks of 'Guardian(TM)', 'Halford' and 'Lovell' regenerated roots more slowly than those on 'Nemaguard' at soil temperatures >7degreesC. The regeneration rates mirrored the relative susceptibility of these rootstocks to peach tree short life syndrome in the southeastern U.S., which is associated with parasitism by ring nematode. C1 USDA, ARS, Southeastern Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Southeastern Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1607 EP 1610 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 872MH UT WOS:000225210800019 ER PT J AU Cheng, XM Baumgartner, K AF Cheng, XM Baumgartner, K TI Survey of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in Northen California vineyards and mycorrhizal colonization potential of grapvine nursery stock SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fungal community; mycorrhizae; root colonization; rootstock; soil fumigation; Vitis vinifera ID GRAPEVINE ROOTSTOCKS; ROOT COLONIZATION; SOIL FUMIGATION; GROWTH; PLANT; INFECTION; CHLOROSIS; DIVERSITY; ONION AB Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities were characterized by examining spores in five fumigated and five nonfumigated vineyards in Northern California. None of the vineyards surveyed lacked spores, but species composition differed among the vineyards. Most of the fungi were in the genus Glomus; Paraglomus occultum Morton & Redecker, G. etunicatum Becker & Gerd., and G. aggregatum Schenck & Smith emend. Koske were the most common species identified. Fungal diversity was greater in nonfumigated than in fumigated vineyards. Field-propagated grapevine nursery stock was examined as a potential source of AM fungi for fumigated vineyards. We quantified fungal colonization of new roots initiated from field-grown benchgrafts and potted benchgrafts of Cabernet Sauvignon on three rootstocks (101-14, 110R, and St. George). After 7 months of growth in the greenhouse, new roots initiated from dormant roots of field-grown and potted benchgrafts were colonized by AM fungi. Mycorrhizal colonization of new roots of field-grown benchgrafts was significantly higher than that of potted benchgrafts. Our results suggest that field-propagated nursery stock can serve as a source of AM fungi and may be better suited for fumigated and/or low phosphorus soils than potted benchgrafts. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sustainable Agr Res & Educ Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu NR 40 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1702 EP 1706 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 872MH UT WOS:000225210800043 ER PT J AU Ajwa, HA Trout, T AF Ajwa, HA Trout, T TI Drip application of alternative fumigants to methyl bromide for strawberry production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL FUMIGATION; METAM-SODIUM; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; TOMATO; CHLOROPICRIN; TRANSPLANTS; IRRIGATION; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; CALIFORNIA; NEMATODES AB Strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duchesne) is a high-value cash crop that benefits from preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB) and chloropicrin (CP). Methyl bromide will be banned in the U.S. and other developed countries by 2005 for most uses. Potential alternative chemicals to replace methyl bromide for soil fumigation include CP, 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) generators such as metam sodium (MS). Commercial formulations of these fumigants applied singly and in combination through drip irrigation systems were evaluated at two sites for three consecutive growing seasons as alternatives to MB:CP fumigation for strawberry production. A mixture of 1,3-D and CP was shank injected as Telone C35 (62% 1,3-D and 35% CP) at 374 kg.ha(-1). An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation of 1,3-D and CP was applied as InLine (60% 1,3-D and 32% CP) at 236 and 393 L.ha(-1) through drip irrigation systems in three amounts of irrigation water (26, 43, and 61 L.m(-1)). Chloropicrin (CP EC, 96%) was drip applied singly at 130 or 200 L.ha(-1). Metam sodium was applied singly as Vapam HL in three amounts of water and in combination with InLine and CP EC. Strawberry growth, fruit yields, disease pressure, and weed biomass were compared to an untreated control and shank injection with MB:CP mixture (67:33) at 425 kg.ha(-1). For soils high in pathogen populations, fruit yield from the untreated plots was 34% to 50% relative to the MB:CP treatment. The greatest (95% to 110%) yields relative to MB:CP were in the high rates of the InLine treatments. Yields from simultaneous drip fumigation with a combination of Vapam HL and InLine or CP EC were less (67% to 79%) than yields from shank fumigation with MB: CP due to 1,3-D and CP hydrolysis reactions with Vapam HL or the generated MITC in the irrigation water that reduced the efficacy of these combinations to control soilborne pathogens. Application of reduced rates of InLine or CP EC followed 6 days later with reduced rates of Vapam HL controlled soil borne pathogens and weeds and produced the greatest fruit yield relative to all treatments. Chemical names used: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D); methyl bromide (MB); trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin, CP); sodium methyldithiocarbamate (metam sodium); methyl isothiocyanate (MITC). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ajwa, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM haajwa@ucdavis.edu OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 48 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1707 EP 1715 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 872MH UT WOS:000225210800044 ER PT J AU Woeste, K AF Woeste, K TI An on-line database of Juglans cultivar names and origins SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE walnut; walnut cultivar; butternut C1 Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Woeste, K (reprint author), Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Pfendler Hall,715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kwoeste@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1771 EP 1771 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 872MH UT WOS:000225210800057 ER PT J AU NeSmith, DS Draper, AD Spiers, JM AF NeSmith, DS Draper, AD Spiers, JM TI 'Palmetto' southern highbush blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Vaccinium sp.; fruit breeding; cultivar; V darrowi C1 Univ Georgia, Georgia Stn, Dept Hort, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Small Fruit Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP NeSmith, DS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Georgia Stn, Dept Hort, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1774 EP 1775 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 872MH UT WOS:000225210800060 ER PT J AU Lewers, KS Enns, JM Wang, SY Maas, JL Galletta, GJ Hokanson, SC Clark, JR Demchak, K Funt, RC Garrison, SA Jelenkovic, GL Nonnecke, GR Probasco, PR Smith, BJ Smith, BR Weber, CA AF Lewers, KS Enns, JM Wang, SY Maas, JL Galletta, GJ Hokanson, SC Clark, JR Demchak, K Funt, RC Garrison, SA Jelenkovic, GL Nonnecke, GR Probasco, PR Smith, BJ Smith, BR Weber, CA TI 'Ovation' strawberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Fragaria xananassa; fruit breeding; Phytophthora fragariae; Colletotrichum; red stele; anthracnose ID RESISTANCE; FRAGARIAE C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Bridgeton, NJ 08302 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Rutgers Cooperat Extens Salem Cty, Woodstown, NJ 08098 USA. USDA, ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Plant & Earth Sci Dept, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Lewers, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lewersk@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1785 EP 1788 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 872MH UT WOS:000225210800065 ER PT J AU Harlow, RC Burke, EJ Scott, RL Shuttleworth, WJ Brown, CM Petti, JR AF Harlow, RC Burke, EJ Scott, RL Shuttleworth, WJ Brown, CM Petti, JR TI Derivation of temperature lapse rates in semi-arid south-eastern Arizona SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE near surface lapse rates; semi-arid climate; mean minimum and maximum temperatures; basin and range topography ID FOREST AB Ecological and hydrological modelling at the regional scale requires distributed information on weather variables, and temperature is important among these. In an area of basin and range topography with a wide range of elevations, such as south-eastern Arizona. measurements are usually available only at a relatively small number of locations and elevations, and temperatures elsewhere must be estimated from atmospheric lapse rate. This paper derives the lapse rates to estimate maximum, minimum and mean daily temperatures from elevation. Lapse rates were calculated using air temperatures at 2 m collected during 2002 at 18 locations across south-eastern Arizona, with elevations From 779 to 2512 m. The lapse rate predicted for the minimum temperature was lower than the mean environmental lapse rate (MELR), i.e. 6 K km(-1) whereas those predicted For the mean and maximum daily temperature were very similar to the MELR. Lapse rates were also derived from radiosonde data at 00 and 12 UTC (5 mu m and 5 am local time, respectively). The lapse rates calculated from radiosonde data were greater than those from the 2 in measurements, presumably because the effect of the surface was less. Given temperatures measured at Tucson airport, temperatures at the other sites were predicted using the different estimates of lapse rates. The best predictions of temperatures used the locally predicted lapse rates. In the case of maximum and mean temperature, using the MELR also resulted in accurate predictions. C1 Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Harlow, RC (reprint author), Met Off, Fitzroy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM chawn.harlow@metoffice.gov.uk NR 7 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1179 EP 1185 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 935HA UT WOS:000229769300016 ER PT J AU Koo, HC Park, YH Hamilton, MJ Barrington, GM Davies, CJ Kim, JB Dahl, JL Waters, WR Davis, WC AF Koo, HC Park, YH Hamilton, MJ Barrington, GM Davies, CJ Kim, JB Dahl, JL Waters, WR Davis, WC TI Analysis of the immune response to Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in experimentally infected calves SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; ANTIGEN BOLA WORKSHOP; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; T-CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS; INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA; PHAGOSOME MATURATION; JOINT REPORT; BOVINE AB Johne's disease of cattle is widespread and causes significant economic loss to producers. Control has been hindered by limited understanding of the immune response to the causative agent, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and lack of an effective vaccine and sensitive specific diagnostic assays. The present study was conducted to gain insight into factors affecting the immune response to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. A persistent proliferative response to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis purified protein derivative and soluble M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens was detected in orally infected neonatal calves 6 months postinfection (p.i.) by flow cytometry (FC). CD4(+) T cells with a memory phenotype (CD45R0(+)) expressing CD25 and CD26 were the predominant cell type responding to antigens. Few CD8(+) T cells proliferated in response to antigens until 18 months p.i. gammadelta T cells did not appear to respond to antigen until 18 months p.i. The majority of WC1(+) CD2(-) and a few WC1(-) CD2(+) gammadelta T cells expressed CD25 at time zero. By 18 months, however, subsets of -gammadelta T cells from both control and infected animals showed an increase in expression of CD25, ACT2, and CD26 in the presence of the antigens. Two populations of CD3(-) non-T non-B null cells, CD2(+) and CD2(-), proliferated in cell cultures from some control and infected animals during the study, with and without antigen. The studies clearly show multicolor FC offers a consistent reliable way to monitor the evolution and changes in the immune response to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis that occur during disease progression. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, CVM, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol, Coll Vet Med, Seoul, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Biomed Lab Sci, Wonju, South Korea. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea. RP Davis, WC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, CVM, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM davisw@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 65 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 72 IS 12 BP 6870 EP 6883 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.12.6870-6883.2004 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 875WW UT WOS:000225453900014 PM 15557608 ER PT J AU Ding, XC Lillehoj, HS Quiroz, MA Bevensee, E Lillehoj, EP AF Ding, XC Lillehoj, HS Quiroz, MA Bevensee, E Lillehoj, EP TI Protective immunity against Eimeria acervulina following in ovo immunization with a recombinant subunit vaccine and cytokine genes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN INTERFERON-GAMMA; PATHOGEN-FREE CHICKENS; BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS; TENELLA SPOROZOITES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; EMBRYO VACCINATION; BROILER CHICKS; MAREKS-DISEASE; IN-VIVO; COCCIDIOSIS AB A purified recombinant protein from Eimeria acervulina (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis both alone and in combination with expression plasmids encoding the interleukin I (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. When used alone, vaccination with 100 or 500 jig of 3-1E resulted in significantly decreased oocyst shedding compared with that in nonvaccinated chickens. Simultaneous vaccination of the 3-1E protein with the IL-1, -15, -16, or -17 gene induced higher serum antibody responses than 3-1E alone. To evaluate protective intestinal immunity, vaccinated birds were challenged with live E. acervulina oocysts 14 days posthatch, and fecal-oocyst shedding and body weight gain were determined as parameters of coccidiosis. Chickens vaccinated with 3-1E protein showed significantly lower oocyst shedding and normal body weight gain than nonvaccinated and infected controls. Simultaneous immunization with 3-1E and the IL-2, -15, -17, or -18 or IFN-gamma gene further reduced oocyst shedding compared with that achieved with 3-1E alone. These results provide the first evidence that in ovo vaccination with the recombinant 3-1E Eimeria protein induces protective intestinal immunity against coccidiosis, and this effect was enhanced by coadministration of genes encoding immunity-related cytokines. C1 USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, EP (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E,Bldg 1043, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 47 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 72 IS 12 BP 6939 EP 6944 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.12.6939-6944.2004 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 875WW UT WOS:000225453900021 PM 15557615 ER PT J AU Rodrigueza, S Hao, GX Liu, WT Pina, B Rooney, AP Camps, F Roelofs, WL Fabrias, G AF Rodrigueza, S Hao, GX Liu, WT Pina, B Rooney, AP Camps, F Roelofs, WL Fabrias, G TI Expression and evolution of Delta(9) and Delta(11) desaturase genes in the moth Spodoptera littoralis SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pheromone; desaturase; fatty acid; unsaturation; cDNA; cloning ID SEX-PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTH; FATTY-ACIDS; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; (E,E)-10,12-TETRADECADIENOIC ACID; (Z,E)-9,11-TETRADECADIENOIC ACID; (Z)-11-TETRADECENOIC ACID; (E)-11-TETRADECENOIC ACID; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE AB Desaturation of fatty acids is a key reaction in the biosynthesis of moth sex pheromones. The main component of Spodoptera littoralis sex pheromone blend is produced by the action of Delta(11) and Delta(9) desaturases. In this article, we report on the cloning of four desaturase-like genes in this species: one from the fat body (Sls-FL1) and three (Sls-FL2, Sls-FL3 and Sls-FL4) from the pheromone gland. By means of a computational/phylogenetic method, as well as functional assays, the desaturase gene products have been characterized. The fat body gene expressed a Delta(9) desaturase that produced (Z)-9-hexadecenoic and (Z)-9-octadecenoic acids in a (1:4.5) ratio, whereas the pheromone gland Sls-FL2 expressed a Delta(9) desaturase that produced (Z)-9-hexadecenoic and (Z)-9-octadecenoic acids in a (1.5:1) ratio. Although both Delta(9) desaturases produced (Z)-9-tetradecenoic acid from myristic acid, transformed yeast grown in the presence of a mixture of myristic and (E)-11-tetradecenoic acids produced (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienoic acid, but not (Z)-9-tetradecenoic acid. The Sls-FL3 gene expressed a protein that produced a mixture of (E)-11-tetradecenoic, (Z)-11-tetradecenoic, (Z)-11-hexadecenoic and (Z)-11-octadecenoic acids in a 5:4:60:31 ratio. Despite having all the characteristics of a desaturase gene, no function could be found for Sls-FL4. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IIQAB, CSIC, IBMB, Dept Biol Organ Chem, Barcelona 08034, Spain. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. IBMB, CSIC, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Barcelona 08034, Spain. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Fabrias, G (reprint author), IIQAB, CSIC, IBMB, Dept Biol Organ Chem, Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM afdqob@cid.csic.es RI Pina, Benjamin/A-1671-2011 OI Pina, Benjamin/0000-0001-9216-2768 NR 56 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1315 EP 1328 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.09.003 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 876RM UT WOS:000225515000009 PM 15544945 ER PT J AU Oliver, MJ AF Oliver, MJ TI Desiccation tolerance in bryophytes; Is tolerance the primitive condition in plants? SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM moliver@lbk.ars-usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 615 EP 615 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893LU UT WOS:000226721400420 ER PT J AU Walters, C Hill, LM Wheeler, LM AF Walters, C Hill, LM Wheeler, LM TI Dying while dry: Kinetics and mechanisms of deterioration in desiccated organisms SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM chrisv@lamar.colostate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 660 EP 660 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893LU UT WOS:000226721401144 ER PT J AU Smith, MM Smith, HT Engeman, RM AF Smith, MM Smith, HT Engeman, RM TI Extensive contiguous north-south range expansion of the original population of an invasive lizard in Florida SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE exotic species; invasive species; non-indigenous invasive species ID PREDATOR AB Florida has one of the two worst non-indigenous invasive species problems in the United States, and all such species are considered by statute to be a potential ecological problem. Unfortunately, little information is available about most of Florida's invasive species. Here, we provide information on range expansion of a population of one of the lesser-known species. The Palm Beach County, Florida, population of the northern curly-tailed lizard, Leiocephalus carinatus armouri, was examined for north-south expansion of its previously documented range. Observations were conducted as contiguous expansion outward from the previously known range. We found a substantial contiguous range expansion by a minimum of 46.3 km to the south and 34.1 km to the north. This species appears to be closely associated with coastal habitat degradation in the form of human infrastructure, especially ageing pavement, sea walls, buildings, and bridge bases. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Florida Pk Serv, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 EI 1879-0208 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 4 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2004.03.002 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872KO UT WOS:000225206300003 ER PT J AU Engeman, RA Linnell, MA AF Engeman, RA Linnell, MA TI The effect of trap spacing on the capture of brown tree snakes on Guam SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE snake control; perimeter trapping ID BOIGA-IRREGULARIS AB Trapping is central to the integrated control programme to deter brown tree snakes from entering the outbound cargo flow from Guam. Trapping brown tree snakes is effective, but labour intensive. Increasing inter-trap spacings without loss of efficacy could substantially increase the efficiency of efforts to prevent dispersal of this species. Inter-trap spacings of 20, 30 and 40 tin along perimeter trap lines were compared using recaptures of tagged brown tree snakes. No differences were found among the different spacing distances for the distribution of recapture times. The results indicate that for some situations, snake trapping may be extended or made more efficient by increasing the distances between traps. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Nat Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Olympia, WA 98502 USA. RP Engeman, RA (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Nat Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 54 IS 4 BP 265 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2004.03.003 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872KO UT WOS:000225206300004 ER PT J AU Comstock, JC Glaz, B Tai, PYP Edme, S Morris, D Gilbert, R AF Comstock, JC Glaz, B Tai, PYP Edme, S Morris, D Gilbert, R TI United States department of agriculture-agricultural research service, Sugarcane Field Station at Canal Point, Florida: Past, present and future SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER-TABLE; EVERGLADES AB The USDA-ARS Sugarcane Field Station at Canal Point has a long history of sugarcane research and cultivar development. It was established in 1920 at Canal Point and had a small impact until the 1960s when the Florida sugarcane industry expanded. During the 1970s, CP-cultivars developed by the cooperative program between the USDA-ARS, the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences and the Florida Sugar Cane League expanded in the Florida industry. Currently, the Sugarcane Field Station produces true seed for cultivar development programs in Florida, Louisiana and Texas and cultivars developed in programs in the three states from true seed made from crosses made at the Canal Point facility occupy 90, 88 and 100 % of the acreage, respectively in these states. CP-cultivars are also grown in several foreign countries and occupy a major acreage in several Central American countries. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Comstock, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 106 IS 1272 BP 662 EP + PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 879ES UT WOS:000225699800006 ER PT J AU DeTar, WR AF DeTar, WR TI Using a subsurface drip irrigation system to measure crop water use SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL; COTTON; COEFFICIENTS AB Procedures are presented for determining crop water use and crop coefficients for a row crop, using a neutron scattering probe with an efficient subsurface drip irrigation system. One procedure is called the slope-projection method, and the other is called a covariance procedure. Field tests were conducted with full-season, narrow-row cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on a well-drained, sandy soil in a semiarid environment over a 5-year period. The goal was to improve automated irrigation scheduling, by relating evapotranspiration (ET) to growing degree days (GDD). The result, using a Penman-Monteith reference ET, was an average midseason crop coefficient of 1.11, with a standard error of 0.056. With class A pan evaporation as the reference ET, the average midseason crop coefficient was 0.877, with a standard error of 0.029. A fifth-order polynomial for the pan-based crop coefficient as a function of GDD was programmed into a controller and used successfully to irrigate a field automatically for one season. C1 ARS, USDA, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP ARS, USDA, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM wrdetar@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s00271-004-0099-5 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 881UT UT WOS:000225895600002 ER PT J AU Riche, M Oetker, M Haley, DI Smith, T Garling, DL AF Riche, M Oetker, M Haley, DI Smith, T Garling, DL TI Effect of feeding frequency on consumption, growth, and efficiency in juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) SO ISRAELI JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE-BAMIDGEH LA English DT Article DE consumption; feed efficiency; feeding frequency; tilapia ID DIETARY ENERGY-LEVEL; BODY-COMPOSITION; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; L.; CATFISH; FISH; FINGERLINGS; FLOUNDER; NUMBER; MEALS AB Triplicate groups of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus (34.4 g) were fed a commercial diet once, twice, three, or five times a day for 29 days. Consumption, growth, and feed utilization were evaluated. No significant differences in growth, feed efficiency, or protein utilization were detected among the fish fed two, three, or five times daily, but all were significantly better than in fish fed only once. Fish fed three meals had significantly higher gross energy and lipid and lower crude protein contents than fish in the other treatments (p<0.05). Energy retention in fish fed three times daily (84.7%) was significantly higher than in fish fed five times (49.4%). Feeding juvenile tilapia nutrient dense pelleted feeds obviates the need for frequent feedings. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Riche, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 US Hwa 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM mriche@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAB RESEARCH FISH DISEASES PI NIR-DAVID PA BAMIDGEH EDITORIAL OFFICE, NIR-DAVID 19150, ISRAEL SN 0792-156X J9 ISR J AQUACULT-BAMID JI Isr. J. Aquac.-Bamidgeh PD DEC PY 2004 VL 56 IS 4 BP 247 EP 255 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 885PD UT WOS:000226168500002 ER PT J AU Tan, RL Powell, KE Lindemer, KM Clay, MM Davidson, SC AF Tan, RL Powell, KE Lindemer, KM Clay, MM Davidson, SC TI Sensitivities of three county health department surveillance systems for child-related dog bites: 261 cases (2000) SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objectives-To determine incidence of child-related dog bites and sensitivities of 3 county health department dog-bite surveillance systems. Design-Retrospective study. Study Population-Child-related dog-bite data obtained from surveillance systems of 3 counties in Georgia in the year 2000. Procedure-To characterize the sensitivity of health department dog-bite surveillance systems, 9 other potential sources of dog-bite records that matched records by victim name, age, gender, and incident date were evaluated, The number of reported bites and the most productive sources for identifying additional cases were determined. The Chandra Sekar-Deming capture-recapture method was used to estimate the number of unreported bites, and estimates of dog-bite incidence rates were made. Results-40, 36, and 185 dog bites were reported in the 3 counties, respectively. Capture-recapture calculations estimated an additional 9, 5, and 128 dog bites in these counties, respectively. Local health departments recorded 45.5% to 82.5% of dog bites. Local hospital emergency departments, police departments, and a rabies-testing laboratory received additional reports. Among these data sources, local hospital emergency department records were the best source for identifying additional cases. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Dog bites are a preventable cause of childhood injuries, and surveillance is a critical tool for tracking childhood dog bites in the community. Counties should use combined data from local health departments, local hospital emergency departments, and police departments to implement or revise dog-bite prevention programs. C1 Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tan, RL (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 225 IS 11 BP 1680 EP 1683 DI 10.2460/javma.2004.225.1680 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 878HT UT WOS:000225638200016 PM 15626217 ER PT J AU Wong, D Robertson, G AF Wong, D Robertson, G TI Applying combinatorial chemistry and biology to food research SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE combinatorial chemistry; food safety; nutrition; natural products ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI TRANSFORMANTS; PARALLEL CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; MULTIPLE PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS; SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; BARLEY ALPHA-AMYLASE; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CELL-SURFACE; BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN; SENSORY PROPERTIES AB In the past decade combinatorial chemistry has become a major focus of research activity in the pharmaceutical industry for accelerating the development of novel therapeutic compounds. The same combinatorial strategies could be applied to a broad spectrum of areas in agricultural and food research, including food safety and nutrition, development of product ingredients, and processing and conversion of natural products. In contrast to "rational design", the combinatorial approach relies on molecular diversity and high-throughput screening. The capability of exploring the structural and functional limits of a vast population of diverse chemical and biochemical molecules makes it possible to expedite the creation and isolation of compounds of desirable and useful properties. Several studies in recent years have demonstrated the utility of combinatorial methods for food research. These include the discovery of synthetic antimicrobial, antioxidative, and aflatoxin-binding pepticles, the identification and analysis of unique flavor compounds, the generation of new enzyme inhibitors, the development of therapeutic antibodies for botulinum neurotoxins, the synthesis of unnatural polyketides and carotenoids,;and the modification of food enzymes with novel properties. The results of such activities could open a large area of applications with potential benefits to the food industry. This review describes the current techniques of combinatorial chemistry and their applications, with emphasis on examples in food science research. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dwsw@pw.usda.gov NR 127 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 24 BP 7187 EP 7198 DI 10.1021/jf040140i PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 874OE UT WOS:000225358900001 PM 15563194 ER PT J AU Chen, GY Liu, LS AF Chen, GY Liu, LS TI Hyphenation of sorbent extraction and solid-matrix time-resolved luminescence using tetracycline in milk as a model analyte SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sorbent; extraction; tetracycline; time-resolved luminescence; milk; screening ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORESCENCE; LANTHANIDE-SENSITIZED LUMINESCENCE; REAGENT CHEMICAL-TECHNOLOGY; CHARM-II TEST; BOVINE-MILK; RAW-MILK; RESIDUES; OXYTETRACYCLINE; FLUORESCENCE AB Hyphenation of sorbent extraction and solid-matrix time-resolved luminescence (TRL) was demonstrated using tetracycline (TC) in milk as a model analyte. The performance of a C18-impregnated silica layer was evaluated as both an extraction sorbent and a TRL substrate. To extract TC, a 10 x 6 mm glass-backed C18 layer was dipped into a 10 mL milk sample for 10 min followed by a 3-min water immersion for cleanup. The sorbent was then spotted with a TRL reagent solution at pH 9 that contained 5 mM europium nitrate and 5 mM EDTA. After a brief desiccation period, TRL was measured directly on the sorbent surface with a commercial fluorescence spectrophotometer. By eliminating the need to elute the analyte from the sorbent, organic solvent was not needed and sample preparation was greatly simplified. The integrated signal showed a linear dependence (R-2 = 0.9938) on TC concentration in the 0-3000 mug/L range. The same protocol was applicable to screening TC in fat free, 2% low-fat, and whole milk at 300 mug/L, the US. regulatory tolerance level set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This easy, fast, and low-cost screening method is friendly to the environment and particularly suitable for liquid samples. C1 USDA ARS, MBRCCT, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, CCSE, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), USDA ARS, MBRCCT, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gchen@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 24 BP 7199 EP 7205 DI 10.1021/jf049023d PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 874OE UT WOS:000225358900002 PM 15563195 ER PT J AU Kebede-Westhead, E Pizarro, C Mulbry, WW AF Kebede-Westhead, E Pizarro, C Mulbry, WW TI Treatment of dairy manure effluent using freshwater algae: Elemental composition of algal biomass at different manure loading rates SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE algal turf scrubber; dairy manure; phytoremediation; algae; composition ID WASTE-WATER; REMOVAL AB The cultivation of algae on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in animal manure effluents presents an alternative to the current practice of land application. However, the use and value of the resulting algal biomass as a feed or soil supplement depend, in part, on whether the biomass contains any harmful components such as heavy metals. The objective of this study was to determine how the elemental composition of algae changed in response to different loading rates of anaerobically digested flushed dairy manure effluent. Algal biomass was harvested weekly from laboratory-scale algal turf scrubber (ATS) units using four manure loading rates (2, 4, 6, or 9 L m(-2) day(-1)) corresponding to daily loading rates of 0.8-3.7 g of total N and 0.12-0.58 g of total P. Mean N and P contents in the dried biomass increased 1.6-1.8-fold with increasing loading rate up to maximums of 6.5% N and 0.84% P at 6 L m(-2) day(-1). Concentrations of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn showed similar 1.4-1.8-fold increases up to maximums at a loading rate of 6 L m(-2) day(-1), followed by plateaus or decreases above this loading rate. Concentrations of Cd, Mo, and Pb initially increased with loading rate but then declined to levels comparable to those at the lowest loading rate. Concentrations of Si and K did not increase significantly with loading rate. The maximum concentrations of individual components in the algal biomass were as follows (in mg kg(-1)): 1100 (Al), 9700 (Ca), 0.43 (Ccl), 56 (Cu), 580 (Fe), 5.0 (Pb), 2300 (Mg), 240 (Mn), 3.0 (Mo), 14,700 (K), 210 (Si), and 290 (Zn). At these concentrations, heavy metals in the algal biomass would not be expected to reduce its value as a soil or feed amendment. C1 USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mulbry, WW (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 306,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mulbryw@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Westhead, Elizabeth Kebede/0000-0001-9488-094X NR 20 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 24 BP 7293 EP 7296 DI 10.1021/jf0491759 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 874OE UT WOS:000225358900016 PM 15563209 ER PT J AU Blume, E Bischoff, M Moorman, TB Turco, RF AF Blume, E Bischoff, M Moorman, TB Turco, RF TI Degradation and binding of atrazine in surface and subsurface soils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE microbial biomass and activity; sorption; subsurface microbiology; mineralization; kinetics ID BOUND RESIDUE FORMATION; WESTERN TENNESSEE SOIL; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; VADOSE ZONE; MINERALIZATION; SEDIMENTS; BIODEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; PESTICIDES AB Understanding the dissipation rates of chemicals in unsaturated and saturated zones of subsurface soils will help determine if reductions of concentrations to acceptable levels will occur. Chemical properties and microbial biomass and activity were determined for the surface (0-15 cm), lower root (50-105 cm), and vadose (175-220 cm) zones in a Huntington silty clay loam (Fluventic Hapludoll) collected from an agricultural field near Piketon, OH. The rates of sorption, mineralization, and transformation (formation of bound residues and metabolites) of atrazine were determined. Microbial activity was estimated from the mineralization of C-14-benzoate. We observed decreased levels of nutrients (total organic carbon, N, and P) and microbial biomass with depth, while activity as measured with benzoate metabolism was higher in the vadose zone than in either the surface or the root zones. Sorption coefficients (K-f) declined from 8.17 in the surface to 3.31 in the vadose zone. Sorption was positively correlated with organic C content. Rates of atrazine mineralization and bound residues formation were, respectively, 12-2.3-fold lower in the vadose than in the surface soil. Estimated half-lives of atrazine ranged from 77 to 101 days in the surface soil, but increased to over 900 days in the subsurface soils. The decreased dissipation of atrazine with increasing depth in the profile is the result of decreased microbial activity toward atrazine, measured either as total biomass or as populations of atrazine-degrading microorganisms. The combination of reduced dissipation and low sorption indicates that there is potential for atrazine movement in the subsurface soils. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Turco, RF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rturco@purdue.edu RI Turco, Ronald/B-8739-2008 OI Turco, Ronald/0000-0002-1794-1486 NR 44 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 24 BP 7382 EP 7388 DI 10.1021/jf049830c PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 874OE UT WOS:000225358900030 PM 15563223 ER PT J AU Ball, VE Lovell, CAK Luu, H Nehring, R AF Ball, VE Lovell, CAK Luu, H Nehring, R TI Incorporating environmental impacts in the measurement of agricultural productivity growth SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE environmental impacts; productivity growth ID DISTANCE FUNCTION-APPROACH; UNDESIRABLE OUTPUTS; UNITED-STATES; SHADOW PRICES; INPUT; AGGREGATION; INDEX AB Agricultural production is known to have environmental impacts, both adverse and beneficial, and it is desirable to incorporate at least some of these impacts in an environmentally sensitive productivity index. In this paper, we construct indicators of water contamination from the use of agricultural chemicals. These environmental indicators are merged with data on marketed outputs and purchased inputs to form a state-by-year panel of relative levels of outputs and inputs, including environmental impacts. We do not have prices for these undesirable by-products, since they are not marketed. Consequently, we calculate a series of Malmquist productivity indexes, which do not require price information. Our benchmark scenario is a conventional Malmquist productivity index based on marketed outputs and purchased inputs only. Our comparison scenarios consist of environmentally sensitive Malmquist productivity indexes that include indicators of risk to human health and to aquatic life from chronic exposure to pesticides. In addition, we derive a set of virtual prices of the undesirable by-products that can be used to calculate an environmentally sensitive Fisher index of productivity change. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Merrill Lynch, Debt Capital Mkt, London, England. Univ New S Wales, Sch Econ, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Ball, VE (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 436 EP 460 PG 25 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 967YC UT WOS:000232126100004 ER PT J AU Kneeland, J Li, C Basarab, J Snelling, WM Benkel, B Murdoch, B Hansen, C Moore, SS AF Kneeland, J Li, C Basarab, J Snelling, WM Benkel, B Murdoch, B Hansen, C Moore, SS TI Identification and fine mapping of quantitative trait loci for growth traits on bovine chromosomes 2, 6, 14, 19, 21, and 23 within one commercial line of Bos taurusi SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; growth; haplotype sharing analysis; quantitative trait loci ID CARCASS COMPOSITION; DAIRY-CATTLE; MH LOCUS; GENE; MAPS; MYOSTATIN; WEIGHT; GENOME AB We report the identification and fine mapping of QTL for birth weight (BWT), preweaning ADG (PWADG), and postweaning ADG on feed (ADGF) in a commercial line of Bos taurus using an identical-by-descent haplotype sharing method. One hundred seventy-six calves of 12 bulls (9 to 30 male calves from each sire) of the Beefbooster, Inc., M1 line were typed using 71 genetic markers from bovine chromosomes (BTA) 2, 6, 14, 19, 21, and 23 (8 to 16 markers from each chromosome). Sixteen haplotypes were found to have significant (P < 0.05) associations with BWT at the comparison-wise threshold. The 16 haplotypes span 13 chromosomal regions, two on BTA 2 (9.1 to 22.5 cM and 95.0 to 100.3 cM), three on BTA 6 (8.2 to 11.8 cM, 35.5 to 49.7 cM, and 83.0 to 86.2 cM), three on BTA 14 (26.0 to 26.7 cM, 36.2 to 46.2 cM, and 52.0 to 67.7 cM), one on BTA 19 (52.0 to 52.7 cM), two on BTA 21 (9.9 to 20.4 cM and 28.2 to 46.1 cM), and two on BTA 23 (23.9 to 36.0 cM and 45.1 to 50.9 cM). Thirteen haplotypes spanning seven chromosomal regions significantly affected (P < 0.05) PWADG at the comparison-wise threshold. The seven chromosomal regions include two regions on BTA 6 (11.8 to 44.2 cM and 83.0 to 86.2 cM), one on BTA 14 (26.7 to 50.8 cM), one on BTA 19 (4.8 to 15.9 cM), one on BTA 21 (9.9 to 20.4 cM), and two on BTA 23 (17.3 to 36.0 cM and 45.1 to 50.9 cM). For ADGF, 11 haplotypes were identified to have significant associations (P < 0.05) at the comparison-wise threshold. The 11 haplotypes represented eight chromosomal regions, one on BTA 2 (9.1 to 22.5 cM), two on BTA 6 (49.7 to 50.1 cM and 59.6 to 63.6 cM), two on BTA 14 (17.0 to 24.0 cM and 36.2 to 46.2 cM), two on BTA 19 (52.0 to 52.7 cM and 65.1 to 65.7 cM), and one on BTA 21 (46.1 to 53.1 cM). The QTL regions identified and fine mapped in this study will provide a reference for future positional candidate gene research and marker-assisted selection of various growth traits. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutrit Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. Lacombe Res Ctr, AAFRD, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. RP Li, C (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutrit Sci, 4-10 Ag For Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. EM changxi.li@ualberta.ca RI Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013 NR 22 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 82 IS 12 BP 3405 EP 3414 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 873KW UT WOS:000225280000001 PM 15537758 ER PT J AU Page, BT Casas, E Quaas, RL Thallman, RM Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Kochmaraie, M White, SN Bennett, GL Keele, JW Dikeman, ME Smith, TPL AF Page, BT Casas, E Quaas, RL Thallman, RM Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Kochmaraie, M White, SN Bennett, GL Keele, JW Dikeman, ME Smith, TPL TI Association of markers in the bovine CAPN1 gene with meat tenderness in large crossbred populations that sample influential industry sires SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calpain; cattle; genetic markers; meat tenderness; shear force ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CARCASS COMPOSITION; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; LONGISSIMUS PALATABILITY; BEEF-CATTLE; QUALITY; GROWTH AB Two previously identified single-nucleotide polymorphism markers located within the micromolar calcium-activated neutral protease gene (CAPN1) were evaluated for their association with variation in meat tenderness using one commercial sample of Simmental x Angus crossbred calves and one multibreed, crossbred research herd. The commercial sample included 362 animals sired by 23 registered Simmental bulls bred to unregistered Angus cows and represented current industry animals in which to test the predictive merit of the markers. The second sample was a research herd including 564 steers from the Germplasm Evaluation Cycle VII population at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, produced with semen from popular sires of the seven Bos taurus beef breeds with the most registrations in the United States (Angus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Red Angus, and Simmental) on Angus, Hereford, and MARC III cows. These animals form a relatively outbred population that constituted a stringent test of the predictive merit of the genetic markers, although small groups were half-sibs. Warner-Bratzler shear force measurements were used to determine tenderness phenotypes for all animals. The populations were genotyped for two markers that predict variation at amino acid positions 316 and 530 of the mu-calpain polypeptide, produced by the CAPN1 gene. Minor allele frequencies for markers 316 and 530 in the commercial sample were 0.17 and 0.37, respectively, and in the Cycle VII animals, were 0.20 and 0.28, respectively. Both markers showed association with shear force in the commercial sample (P = 0.04) and the Cycle VII population (P = 0.02), supporting the hypothesis that they represent potential markers to aid selection for improved meat tenderness in commercial populations of beef cattle in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM smith@email.marc.usda.gov RI Keele, John/A-5846-2009; OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054 NR 16 TC 92 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 82 IS 12 BP 3474 EP 3481 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 873KW UT WOS:000225280000009 PM 15537766 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG Richards, MP AF Ramsay, TG Richards, MP TI Hormonal regulation of leptin and leptin receptor expression in porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adipose; leptin; leptin receptor; swine ID BODY-MASS INDEX; GROWTH-HORMONE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; SERUM LEPTIN; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; PRIMARY CULTURES; THYROID-HORMONE; RAT ADIPOCYTES; OBESE HUMANS AB The current study was performed to examine the response of the leptin gene to hormonal stimuli in porcine adipose tissue from finishing pigs. Yorkshire gilts (approximately 150 kg BW) were used in this study. Tissue from four to six pigs was used per experiment. Dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were acquired, and adipose tissue explants (approximately 100 mg) were prepared using sterile technique. Tissue slices were transferred to 12-well tissue culture plates containing 1 mL of Media 199 with 25 mM HEPES, 0.5% BSA, pH 7.4, and various hormone supplements. Triplicate tissue slices were incubated with either basal medium or hormone-supplemented media in a tissue culture incubator at 37degreesC with 95% air: 5% CO2. Hormones included insulin (100 nM), dexamethasone (1 muM), porcine GH, 100 ng/mL), triiodothyronine (T-3, 10 nM), porcine leptin (100 ng/mL), or IGFI (250 ng/mL). Following incubation for 24 h, tissue samples from the incubations were blotted and transferred to microfuge tubes, frozen in liquid N, and stored at -80degreesC before analysis for gene mRNA abundance by reverse-transcription PCR and subsequent quantification of transcripts by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Media from the incubations were collected in microfuge vials and stored at -20degreesC before analysis for leptin content by RIA. Insulin was required to maintain tissue and mRNA integrity; therefore, insulin was included in all incubations. The combination of insulin and dexamethasone stimulated leptin secretion into the medium by 60% (P < 0.05; n = 6). Porcine GH inhibited insulin induced leptin secretion by 25% (P < 0.05; n = 6). Dexamethasone in combination with insulin produced a 22% increase in leptin mRNA abundance relative to insulin (P < 0.05; n = 4), and T-3 stimulated a 28% increase in insulin-induced leptin mRNA abundance (P < 0.05; n = 4). Leptin receptor mRNA abundance was decreased by 25% with the combination of insulin and dexamethasone, relative to insulin-treated adipose tissue slices (P < 0.05; n = 4). Porcine GH decreased leptin receptor mRNA abundance by 17% (P < 0.05; n = 6). These data suggest that leptin secretion is a regulated phenomenon and that posttranslational processing may be significant. Alternatively, transport and exocytosis of leptin containing vesicles in the pig adipocyte may be quite complicated, which could account for the differences in observed mRNA abundance and protein secretion. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ramsay, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, BARC E,Bldg 200,Rm 207, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tramsay@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 44 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 82 IS 12 BP 3486 EP 3492 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 873KW UT WOS:000225280000011 PM 15537768 ER PT J AU Poland, TM Groot, P Haack, RA Czokajlo, D AF Poland, TM Groot, P Haack, RA Czokajlo, D TI Evaluation of semiochemicals potentially synergistic to alpha-pinene for trapping the larger European pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Col., Scolytidae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tomicus pinperda; attraction; alpha-pinene; myrtenol; myrtenal; nonanal; trans-verbenol ID IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; HOST VOLATILES; RELEASE RATES; ATTRACTION; COLEOPTERA; ETHANOL; PHEROMONE; MONOTERPENES; SELECTION; TREES AB The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Col., Scolytidae) is an exotic pest of pine, Pinus spp., in North America. It is attracted strongly to host volatiles (+/-)-alpha-pinene, (+)-3-carene, and alpha-terpinolene. Attraction to insect-produced compounds is less clear. Other potential attractants include trans-verbenol, myrtenol, myrtenal, nonanal and alpha-pinene oxide. We conducted a series of field experiments to determine if any of these compounds would increase attraction of T. piniperda to alpha-pinene, either individually or in various combinations. None of the individual compounds increased attraction. Although several combinations that included trans-verbenol, nonanal, myrtenol, or myrtenal increased attraction, results were variable between experiments. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. IPM Tech Inc, Portland, OR USA. RP Poland, TM (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd,Rm 220, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM tpoland@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-0418 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 128 IS 9-10 BP 639 EP 644 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2004.00900.639-644 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 878FM UT WOS:000225632100012 ER PT J AU Stanley, VG Winsman, M Dunkley, C Ogunleye, T Daley, M Krueger, WF Sefton, AE Hinton, A AF Stanley, VG Winsman, M Dunkley, C Ogunleye, T Daley, M Krueger, WF Sefton, AE Hinton, A TI The impact of yeast culture residue on the suppression of dietary aflatoxin on the performance of broiler breeder hens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler breeder; aflatoxin; live yeast culture ID SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES; T-2 TOXIN; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; TOXICITY; EFFICACY; REDUCE; ACID; TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTANCE AB A study was conducted to examine the effect of yeast culture residue (YCR) on the suppression of aflatoxicosis in broiler breeder hens. One hundred twenty, 35-wk-old, Cobb broiler breeder hens of the same cross were fed diets supplemented with aflatoxin (AF) (0 or 3 mg/kg) and YCR (0 or 2 lb/ton) singly and combined in a 2 x 2 factorial designed experiment. The birds were randomly assigned to pens with 3 replicates of 10 females and 1 male per treatment. Eggs laid by the hens were collected daily, stored at room temperature, and incubated every 7 d for 3 wk. Response variables analyzed were mean percentage of fertility, hatchability, hen-day egg production, egg weight, chick weight at hatch, and embryonic mortality over the 3-wk treatment period. At the end of 3-wk treatment, blood was collected from the hens and analyzed for total protein, globulin, and albumin. Aflatoxin did not negatively affect fertility. However, hen-day egg production (57.6%), percentage of hatchability (67.6%), embryonic mortality (24%), serum total protein, globulin, and albumin were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by AF. Hatch of fertile eggs from the AF-fed hens was significantly lower than the control (67.6 vs. 78.5%). The inclusion of YCR in the AF-treated diet raised the level of hatchability (74.9 vs. 67.6%), egg production (65.83 vs. 57.26%), and lowered embryonic mortality (16.8 vs. 24%). Serum globulin and albumin were lowered in the AF-fed hens but was partially restored with the addition of YCR. The data demonstrated that YCR may enhance the performance of broiler breeder hens that are provided feed contaminated with AF. C1 Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Alltech, Guelph, ON, Canada. RP Stanley, VG (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. EM victor_stanley@pvamu.edu NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 533 EP 539 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 968EI UT WOS:000232144300001 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Dickens, JA AF Berrang, ME Dickens, JA TI The contribution of soiled surfaces within feather picking machines to Campylobacter counts on broiler carcasses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; defeathering; feather picking; surface contamination ID JEJUNI; RECOVERY; LEVEL AB Numbers of Campylobacter detected on broiler carcasses decrease due to scalding but rebound during defeathering. Earlier research indicated that escape of gut contents during defeathering is an important contributor to the increase in Campylobacter numbers, whereas aerosols created by feather picking machines are not. The objective of this study was to determine if contact with surfaces in naturally contaminated commercial feather picking machines contributes to the increased counts of Campylobacter on broiler carcasses. Fully processed chilled carcasses with low numbers of Campylobacter were used as a platform to measure numbers after picking. Chilled carcasses were hung on shackles and allowed to proceed through 3 empty feather picking machines in a commercial processing plant that had been previously soiled by about 20,000 broilers. In 4 of 5 replications, although Campylobacter numbers increased on plant run control birds during defeathering, no increase in Campylobacter numbers was noted on chilled carcasses due to passage through the pickers. In one replication, however, a significant increase was observed. It is possible for contact with soiled surfaces within feather picking machines to increase Campylobacter numbers detected on broiler carcasses. However, overall these data suggest that naturally contaminated surfaces of feather picking machines are not a primary cause of the reported increase in Campylobacter numbers during defeathering. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 588 EP 592 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 968EI UT WOS:000232144300007 ER PT J AU Kidd, MT McDaniel, CD Branton, SL Miller, ER Boren, BB Fancher, BI AF Kidd, MT McDaniel, CD Branton, SL Miller, ER Boren, BB Fancher, BI TI Increasing amino acid density improves live performance and carcass yields of commercial broilers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; nutrient density; protein; amino acid; breast yield ID PROTEIN RESERVES; LYSINE LEVELS; CHICKS; STARTER; PERIOD; ENERGY AB It has been a tendency for broiler integrators in the US to reduce dietary nutrient density to lower overall input costs of broiler production. Dietary nutrient density is routinely scrutinized because feed represents over half of the live production costs. Numerous nutritionists and researchers from the supplier side of poultry production are arguing that the reduced dietary nutrient density regimen currently employed by some integrators is not an effective means of increasing profitability, especially when producing large, high-yield broilers for markets geared toward saleable white meat. This research evaluates nutrient density in various phases throughout life in Ross 508 male and female broilers to better understand the impact of reduced dietary nutrient density, mimicking the reduced dietary cost scenarios used by some broiler integrators. Diets were provided to broilers in 4 phases from 1 to 14, 15 to 28, 29 to 35, and 36 to 49 d of age, in which treatments of high (H), medium (M), and low (L) amino acid densities were used. The combinations of nutrient density and feeding phases resulted in treatments of 1) HHHH, 2) HHML, 3) HHLL, 4) HMML, 5) HMLL, 6) HLLL, 7) MMMM, and 8) LLLL. Male broilers were more sensitive to amino acid density reductions than females. Reduction of nutrient density in the early feeds was detrimental for most parameters tested. High nutrient density throughout life (HHHH) optimized breast meat yield, whereas reductions in nutrient density reduced growth and breast meat yield and increased corrected feed conversion and leaf fat. Integrators feeding slow-maturing, high-yield broilers with low and moderate nutrient dense diets may produce broilers with suboptimal growth and breast meat yield, although moderate diets may result in good feed conversion. C1 Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Aviagen Inc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Kidd, MT (reprint author), Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mkidd@poultry.msstate.edu NR 12 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 593 EP 604 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 968EI UT WOS:000232144300008 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Dale, NM Giesen, AF AF Dozier, WA Dale, NM Giesen, AF TI Fat quality assessments of feed-grade and pet food-grade poultry by-product meals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE by-product meal; fat quality; feedstuff; ingredient; poultry by-product meal; rendered protein AB Ether extract composition of poultry by-product meal (PBM) varies among feed-grade and pet: food-grade sources. Because feed-grade PBM contains a wider variety of processing residues than pet food-grade PBM, it is presumed to be of lower fat quality (i.e., stability). This potential difference in fat quality, or stability, between PBM sources can be accentuated by high environmental temperatures. A total of 46 PBM samples (25 feed-grade and 21 pet food-grade) were collected from commercial feed mills located in the southeastern US within 60-d intervals during the winter and summer months. For samples from winter collection, feed-grade PBM had lower fat stability than pet food-grade PBM. Conversely, pet food-grade PBM samples received in the summer were characterized as having poor stability, and the amount of analyzed residual antioxidant concentration in pet food-grade PBM was half that found in the feed-grade PBM samples. Seasonal effects appeared to be related to the extent of fat oxidation. In general, samples obtained in the summer had poor stability when compared with those collected during the winter, regardless of source. These results confirmed that fat in PBM requires an adequate amount of antioxidant protection, even when meals are derived from prime offal components. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA USA. Novus Int Inc, St Louis, MO 63141 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 680 EP 683 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 968EI UT WOS:000232144300018 ER PT J AU Navar, J Mendez, E Najera, A Graciano, J Dale, V Parresol, B AF Navar, J Mendez, E Najera, A Graciano, J Dale, V Parresol, B TI Biomass equations for shrub species of Tamaulipan thornscrub of North-eastern Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE above-ground biomass components; additive least-squares techniques; arid; semi-arid and subtropical shrub species ID FOREST INVENTORY DATA; FORCING ADDITIVITY; UNITED-STATES; BIG SAGEBRUSH; TABLES; TREES; REGION; STANDS; MODEL; FUEL AB Nine additive allometric equations for computing above-ground, standing biomass were developed for the plant community and for each of 18 single species typical of the Tamaulipan thornscrub of north-eastern Mexico. Equations developed using additive procedures in seemingly unrelated linear regression provided statistical efficiency in total biomass estimates at the scales of both individual species and at the plant community. A single equation for each species improves efficiency in biomass estimates by 12.5% in contrast to using a single equation for the plant community. Therefore, additive equations developed in seemingly unrelated linear regression of parameter estimation are recommended to compute biomass components and total biomass for the species described. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UANL, Fac Ciencias Forestales, Leon 67700, Mexico. Inst Tecnol Forestal, Durango, Mexico. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC USA. RP Navar, J (reprint author), UANL, Fac Ciencias Forestales, Km 145,Carretera Nacl Linares Cd Victoria,Linares, Leon 67700, Mexico. EM jnavar@ccr.dsi.uanl.mx; dalevh@ornl.gov; bparresol@fs.fed.us RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 59 IS 4 BP 657 EP 674 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.02.010 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 854NG UT WOS:000223910000002 ER PT J AU Epstein, HE Beringer, J Gould, WA Lloyd, AH Thompson, CD Chapin, FS Michaelson, GJ Ping, CL Rupp, TS Walker, DA AF Epstein, HE Beringer, J Gould, WA Lloyd, AH Thompson, CD Chapin, FS Michaelson, GJ Ping, CL Rupp, TS Walker, DA TI The nature of spatial transitions in the Arctic SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Alaska; arctic; boreal forest; climate change; ecotones; spatial vegetation patterns; spatial transitions; treeline; tundra; vegetation dynamics ID KUPARUK RIVER-BASIN; TRANSIENT CLIMATIC-CHANGE; LAND-COVER CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; NORTHERN ALASKA; TREE-LINE; SEWARD PENINSULA; DEVON-ISLAND; POLAR DESERT; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION AB Aim Describe the spatial and temporal properties of transitions in the Arctic and develop a conceptual understanding of the nature of these spatial transitions in the face of directional environmental change. Location Arctic tundra ecosystems of the North Slope of Alaska and the tundra-forest region of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska Methods We synthesize information from numerous studies on tundra and treeline ecosystems in an effort to document the spatial changes that occur across four arctic transitions. These transitions are: (i) the transition between High-Arctic and Low-Arctic systems, (ii) the transition between moist non-acidic tundra (MNT) and moist acidic tundra (MAT, also referred to as tussock tundra), (iii) the transition between tussock tundra and shrub tundra, (iv) the transition between tundra and forested systems. By documenting the nature of these spatial transitions, in terms of their environmental controls and vegetation patterns, we develop a conceptual model of temporal dynamics of arctic ecotones in response to environmental change. Results Our observations suggest that each transition is sensitive to a unique combination of controlling factors. The transition between High and Low Arctic is sensitive primarily to climate, whereas the MNT/MAT transition is also controlled by soil parent material, permafrost and hydrology. The tussock/shrub tundra transition appears to be responsive to several factors, including climate, topography and hydrology. Finally, the tundra/forest boundary responds primarily to climate and to climatically associated changes in permafrost. There were also important differences in the demography and distribution of the dominant plant species across the four vegetation transitions. The shrubs that characterize the tussock/shrub transition can achieve dominance potentially within a decade, whereas spruce trees often require several decades to centuries to achieve dominance within tundra, and Sphagnum moss colonization of non-acidic sites at the MNT/MAT boundary may require centuries to millennia of soil development. Main conclusions We suggest that vegetation will respond most rapidly to climatic change when (i) the vegetation transition correlates more strongly with climate than with other environmental variables, (ii) dominant species exhibit gradual changes in abundance across spatial transitions, and/or (iii) the dominant species have demographic properties that allow rapid increases in abundance following climatic shifts. All three of these properties characterize the transition between tussock tundra and low shrub tundra. It is therefore not surprising that of the four transitions studied this is the one that appears to be responding most rapidly to climatic warming. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR USA. Middlebury Coll, Dept Biol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res Stn, Palmer, AK USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Epstein, HE (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM hee2b@virginia.edu RI Beringer, Jason/B-8528-2008; OI Beringer, Jason/0000-0002-4619-8361; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910; Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735 NR 121 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1917 EP 1933 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01140.x PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 874NB UT WOS:000225356000005 ER PT J AU Seybold, SJ AF Seybold, SJ TI The eighth day of discovery: Molecular biology comes to chemical ecology SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ELECTROPHORETIC TRANSFER; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; DNA MICROARRAY; CHAIN-REACTION; NITROCELLULOSE; HYBRIDIZATION; BARCODES; PROTEINS; TAXONOMY C1 US Forest Serv, Chem Ecol Forest Insect, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA USA. RP Seybold, SJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Chem Ecol Forest Insect, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA USA. EM sseybold@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2327 EP 2333 DI 10.1007/s10886-004-7939-x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889AV UT WOS:000226416800002 PM 15724960 ER PT J AU Huber, DPW Ralph, S Bohlmann, J AF Huber, DPW Ralph, S Bohlmann, J TI Genomic hardwiring and phenotypic plasticity of terpenoid-based defenses in conifers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE secondary metabolites; methyl jasmonate; traumatic resin ducts; volatile emissions; chemical defense; terpene synthase; conifer insect defense ID FIR ABIES-GRANDIS; ABIETADIENE SYNTHASE CATALYSIS; GERANYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RESIN ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; PINE-BEETLE COLEOPTERA; METHYL JASMONATE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; CDNA ISOLATION; NORWAY SPRUCE AB Over evolutionary history, conifers have faced a myriad of threats from phloem- and xylem-feeding insects, defoliating insects, and fungal pathogens. Among the trees' defenses, terpenoids appear to play a major role by harming, disabling, deterring, repelling, or otherwise reducing the fitness of potential invaders. Each of the three classes of terpenoids in conifers, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes, are composed of a large number of representative compounds. In most cases, the presence of a particular terpenoid compound in the oleoresin or volatile emissions from a specific conifer can be accounted for by the expression of one of many committed terpene synthase (TPS) genes. However, while each TPS may produce one or a few major products, many produce a variety of minor products with relatively constant component ratios in the product blends. TPS genes exist in conifers in large and functionally diverse, yet monophyletic, gene families. Within these gene families, new biochemical functions of TPS appear to have evolved by gene duplication and changes in the amino acid sequence of the enzyme's active site. In addition, TPS genes may be differentially expressed prior to, during, and following attack by insects or pathogens. Thus, while the production of any particular terpenoid is hardwired into a conifer's genome, these trees have the capacity to change the mixture of terpenoids in oleoresin secretions and volatile emissions. Anatomical changes may also accompany induced terpenoid production, supplementing the plasticity of the molecular and biochemical events. C1 Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci & Bot, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacifici SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bohlmann, J (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM bohlmann@interchange.ubc.ca OI Huber, Dezene/0000-0002-6495-1759 NR 76 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 25 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2399 EP 2418 DI 10.1007/s10886-004-7942-2 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889AV UT WOS:000226416800005 PM 15724963 ER PT J AU Tillman, JA Lu, F Goddard, LM Donaldson, ZR Dwinell, SC Tittiger, C Hall, GM Storer, AJ Blomquist, GJ Seybold, SJ AF Tillman, JA Lu, F Goddard, LM Donaldson, ZR Dwinell, SC Tittiger, C Hall, GM Storer, AJ Blomquist, GJ Seybold, SJ TI Juvenile hormone regulates de novo isoprenoid aggregation pheromone biosynthesis in pine bark beetles, Ips spp., through transcriptional control of HMG-CoA reductase SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insects; Coleoptera; Scolytidae; bark beetles; endocrine regulation; corpora allata; isoprenoids; northern blot; mevalonate; de novo pheromone biosynthesis; California fivespined ips; Ips paraconfusus; pine engraver; Ips pini; eastern fivespined ips; Ips grandicollis; ipsenol; 2-methyl-6-methylene-7-octen-4-ol; ipsdienol; 2-methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadien-4-ol; HMG-CoA reductase; juvenile hormone; cis-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-E; E-2,6-dodecadienoic; acid methyl ester ID 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME-A; ENDOCRINE REGULATION; PARACONFUSUS COLEOPTERA; BLATTELLA-GERMANICA; GENE-EXPRESSION; SAY COLEOPTERA; CORPORA ALLATA; PONDEROSA PINE; SCOLYTIDAE; IPSDIENOL AB Evidence is presented for transcriptional regulation of de novo pheromone biosynthesis in Ips spp. bark beetles, but the comparative biochemical and molecular approach reveals a dichotomy between species in the pini and grandicollis subgeneric groups. Radiotracer studies with C-14-acetate demonstrate that feeding on host phloem stimulates biosynthesis in males of three Ips spp. However, treatment with juvenile hormone III (JH III) stimulates biosynthesis only in Ips pini. Thus, two species in the grandicollis subgeneric group (I. grandicollis and I. paraconfusus) appear to have a different mode of regulation related to JH III than does 1. pini. Between 16 and 20 hr after feeding has commenced, pheromone production, as measured by accumulation in abdominal tissue, is stimulated about 150- (1. pini) and 350-times Q. paraconfusus) above the control level of 1-10 ng/male measured at 0 hr. Treatment with JH III results in accumulation in I. pini that is 3-4 times more than in phloem-fed males, whereas the identical treatment results in only weak accumulation in 1. paraconfusus (45-times less than phloem-fed males). Comparative studies of gene expression and enzyme activity related to biosynthesis also support different modes of JH III-related regulation in 1. pini and I. paraconfusus. In males of both species, feeding on host phloem results in increased transcript abundance and increased activity for the key de novo isoprenoid pathway enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-R). However, while JH III treatment results in comparable maximal increases in HMG-R transcript levels in both species (similar to feeding), the activity of HMG-R in crude extracts from JH Ill-treated male I. paraconfusus is low in comparison with male I. pini. Hypothetical explanations for the interspecific dichotomy in the regulation of pheromone biosynthesis include a second hormone or factor in grandicollis group species that functions either alone or with JH 111; in both cases acting after HMG-R has been transcribed. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol & Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Seybold, SJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 720 Olive Dr,Suite D, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sseybold@fs.fed.us OI Donaldson, Zoe/0000-0001-6699-7905 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2459 EP 2494 DI 10.1007/s10886-004-7945-z PG 36 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889AV UT WOS:000226416800008 PM 15724966 ER PT J AU Lawrence, SD Novak, NG AF Lawrence, SD Novak, NG TI Maize genes induced by herbivory and volicitin SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect herbivory; maize; plant-insect interaction; volicitin ID COLI 5'-METHYLTHIOADENOSINE/S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE NUCLEOSIDASE; MANDUCA-SEXTA LEPIDOPTERA; INDUCED VOLATILE EMISSION; HOST NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; JASMONIC-ACID; ZEA-MAYS; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INSECT HERBIVORY; PARASITIC WASPS AB In crop plants, both mechanical damage and insect attack trigger rapid changes in gene transcription. We investigated whether insect herbivory differs from a general wound response, and if so, is the induction specific to the pest/host plant interaction? Herbivory by beet annyworm (BAW; Spodoptera exigua) caterpillars on maize results in a unique pattern of volatile compounds not triggered by wounding alone that attracts the generalist parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris. Caterpillar-induced volatile emission can be mimicked when a component of the BAW oral secretions (N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine) termed volicitin, is applied to wounded leaves. We identified genes that are affected by BAW feeding by comparing volicitin treatment with wounding alone. We compared cDNAs from these two populations by isolating genes from a subtractive library and using reverse northerns. Virtual northern blots confirmed these results and further showed that BAW infestation affected the expression of these genes. In some cases, BAW feeding inhibited the expression of volicitin-induced genes, suggesting the role of additional bioactive components in caterpillar regurgitate. Transcripts involved in volatile production are increased by volicitin and BAW infestation treatments, and are also detectable at low levels in mechanically wounded leaves. Finally, we identified three new sesquiterpene cyclase genes that are induced by volicitin. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lawrence, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Lawrencs@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2543 EP 2557 DI 10.1007/s10886-004-7949-8 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889AV UT WOS:000226416800012 PM 15724970 ER PT J AU Florane, CB Bland, JM Husseneder, C Raina, AK AF Florane, CB Bland, JM Husseneder, C Raina, AK TI Diet-mediated inter-colonial aggression in the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cuticular hydrocarbons; microsatellite DNA markers; agonism; termite ID CUTICULAR HYDROCARBON PHENOTYPES; RETICULITERMES ISOPTERA; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; NESTMATE RECOGNITION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SHIRAKI ISOPTERA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; DNA; FLAVIPES AB In most social insects, intercolonial and interspecific aggression are expressions of territoriality. In termites, cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) have been extensively studied for their role in nestmate recognition and aggressive discrimination of nonnest-mates. More recently, molecular genetic techniques have made it possible to determine relatedness between colonies and to investigate the influence of genetics on aggression. In the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, however, the role of CHCs and genetic relatedness in inter-colony aggression has been ambiguous, suggesting the involvement of additional factors in nest-mate recognition. In this study we assess the range of aggression in this termite species and characterize the influence of genetic relatedness, CHC profiles and diet on aggression levels. We collected four colonies of C. formosanus, feeding either on bald cypress or birch, from three locations in Louisiana. Inter-colony aggression ranged from low to high. Differences in CHC profiles, as well as genetic distances between colonies determined by using microsatellite DNA markers, showed no significant correlation with aggression. However, termite diet (host tree) played a significant role in determining the level of aggression. Thus, two distantly related colonies, each feeding on different diets, showed high aggression that significantly diminished if they were fed on the same wood in the laboratory (spruce). Using headspace solid phase microextraction, we found three compounds from workers fed on birch that were absent in workers fed on spruce. Such diet-derived chemicals may be involved in the complex determination of nest-mate recognition in C. formosanus. C1 USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Raina, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. EM araina@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2559 EP 2574 DI 10.1007/s10886-004-7950-2 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889AV UT WOS:000226416800013 PM 15724971 ER PT J AU Vazquez, E Song, LY Dawson-Hughes, B AF Vazquez, E Song, LY Dawson-Hughes, B TI Precision of bone mineral density scans at the proximal tibia in osteoarthritic subjects SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY LA English DT Article DE osteoarthritis; proximal tibia; precision; DXA; bone mineral density ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY AB This study was conducted to assess the precision of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements at the proximal tibia and compare it with precision at other skeletal sites. Precision at the proximal tibia was determined in two groups: 14 subjects with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and 14 normal subjects who were scanned bilaterally four times each, with repositioning. Precision of femoral neck, trochanter, and total hip was also determined in both groups. Group mean bone mineral density (BMD), standard deviation (SD), and root mean squared coefficient of variation (%CV) were determined for both tibias and hips, lumbar spine (L2-L4) and total body. The %CV of the proximal tibia ranged from 1.01% to 1.24% and did not differ significantly in the two groups. The %CV of the hips, spine, and total body ranged from 0.79% to 2.28%. We conclude that DXA scans at the proximal tibia are highly reproducible and that precision at the proximal tibia is comparable to that of the hip, spine, and total body. A larger study is needed to determine whether proximal tibia BNID measurements have research or clinical application for osteoarthritis or other conditions. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Bone Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1094-6950 J9 J CLIN DENSITOM JI J. Clin. Densitom. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 4 BP 364 EP 367 DI 10.1385/JCD:7:4:364 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 890FL UT WOS:000226497000003 PM 15618595 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ Shypailo, RS Steinberg, FM Lewis, RD Young, RL Wong, WW AF Ellis, KJ Shypailo, RS Steinberg, FM Lewis, RD Young, RL Wong, WW TI Reproducibility of fan-beam DXA measurements in adults and phantoms SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY LA English DT Article DE dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; bone mineral density; precision, phantom; human ID ENERGY X-RAY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; BODY-COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS; CROSS-CALIBRATION; PENCIL-BEAM; IN-VIVO; MAGNIFICATION ERROR; PROXIMAL FEMUR; ABSORPTIOMETRY; DENSITOMETERS AB As part of a multicenter study. we examined the intersite reproducibility of bone mineral content (BMC) and areal density (BMD) among three fan-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) instruments from one manufacturer. all using the same software version. Spine, femur, and body-composition phantoms were each scanned nine times at each center. Over a 3-wk period, the same 10 adults were scanned once at each of the three centers. For the spine and femur phantoms, the precision errors were 0.3-0.7%. For the body-composition phantom. the precision errors were 0.8-2.8%. The intersite coefficients of variation for the human measurements varied from 1.1 to 6.8%. depending on the bone site. We conclude that even when using the same fan-beam DXA model and software. an intersite cross-comparison using only phantoms may be inadequate. Comparisons based solely on the use of a spine phantom are insufficient to ensure compatibility of human bone mineral data at other bone sites or for the whole body. C1 USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Body Composit Lab,Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Body Composit Lab,Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kellis@bcm.tmc.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1094-6950 J9 J CLIN DENSITOM JI J. Clin. Densitom. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 4 BP 413 EP 418 DI 10.1385/JCD:7:4:413 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 890FL UT WOS:000226497000010 PM 15618602 ER PT J AU Klena, JD Parker, CT Knibb, K Ibbitt, JC Devane, PML Horn, ST Miller, WG Konkel, ME AF Klena, JD Parker, CT Knibb, K Ibbitt, JC Devane, PML Horn, ST Miller, WG Konkel, ME TI Differentiation of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari, and Campylobacter upsaliensis by a multiplex PCR developed from the nucleotide sequence of the lipid a gene lpxA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTER; C-LARI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IDENTIFICATION; DNA; DISCRIMINATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; ELECTROPHORESIS; EXPRESSION AB We describe a multiplex PCR assay to identify and discriminate between isolates of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari, and Campylobacter upsaliensis. The C. jejuni isolate F38011 lpxA gene, encoding a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase, was identified by sequence analysis of an expression plasmid that restored wild-type lipopolysaccharide levels in Escherichia coli strain SM105 [lpxA(Ts)]. With oligonucleotide primers developed to the C. jejuni lpxA gene, nearly full-length lpxA amplicons were amplified from an additional It isolates of C. jejuni, 20 isolates of C. coli, 16 isolates of C. lari, and five isolates of C. upsaliensis. The nucleotide sequence of each amplicon was determined, and sequence alignment revealed a high level of species discrimination. Oligonucleotide primers were constructed to exploit species differences, and a multiplex PCR assay was developed to positively identify isolates of C. coli, C. jejuni, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis. We characterized an additional set of 41 thermotolerant isolates by partial nucleotide sequence analysis to further demonstrate the uniqueness of each species-specific region. The multiplex PCR assay was validated with 105 genetically defined isolates of C. coli, C. jejuni, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis, 34 strains representing 12 additional Campylobacter species, and 24 strains representing 19 non-Campylobacter species. Application of the multiplex PCR method to whole-cell lysates obtained from 108 clinical and environmental thermotolerant Campylobacter isolates resulted in 100% correlation with biochemical typing methods. C1 Univ Canterbury, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, Christchurch Sci Ctr, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Klena, JD (reprint author), NAMRU-3,PSC 452,Box 154,FPO,4E, Cairo 09835, Egypt. EM KlenaJ@NAMRU3.org NR 51 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5549 EP 5557 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5549-5557.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 883SK UT WOS:000226035800019 PM 15583280 ER PT J AU Li, H Taus, NS Lews, GS Kim, OJ Traul, DL AF Li, H Taus, NS Lews, GS Kim, OJ Traul, DL TI Shedding of ovine herpesvirus 2 in sheep nasal secretions: the predominant mode for transmission SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VIRUS; INFECTION; PCR; REPLICATION; RUMINANTS; ANTIBODY; LAMBS; DNA AB Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), the major causative agent of malignant catarrhal fever in ruminant species worldwide, has never been propagated in vitro. Using real-time PCR, a striking, short-lived, peak of viral DNA, ranging from 10(5) to over 10(8) copies/2 mug of DNA, was detected in nasal secretions from over 60.7% of adolescent sheep (n = 56) at some point during the period from 6 to 9 months of age. In contrast, only about 18% of adult sheep (n = 33) experienced a shedding episode during the study period. The general pattern of the appearance of viral DNA in nasal secretions was a dramatic rise and subsequent fall within 24 to 36 h, implying a single cycle of viral replication. These episodes occurred sporadically and infrequently, but over the 3-month period most of the 56 lambs (33, or 60.7%) experienced at least one episode. No corresponding fluctuations in DNA levels were found in either peripheral blood leukocytes or plasma. In a DNase protection assay, complete, enveloped OvHV-2 virions were demonstrated in the nasal secretions of all sheep examined during the time when they were experiencing an intense shedding episode. OvHV-2 infectivity in nasal secretions was also demonstrated by aerosolization of the secretions into OvHV-2-negative sheep. The data herein show that nasal shedding is the major mode of OvHV-2 transmission among domestic sheep and that adolescents represent the highest risk group for transmission. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hli@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 21 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5558 EP 5564 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5558-5564.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 883SK UT WOS:000226035800020 PM 15583281 ER PT J AU Vangroenweghe, F Rainard, P Paape, M Duchateau, L Burvenich, C AF Vangroenweghe, F Rainard, P Paape, M Duchateau, L Burvenich, C TI Increase of Escherichia coli inoculum doses induces faster innate immune response in primiparous cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE primiparous dairy cow; Escherichia coli; mastitis; inoculum size ID LPS-BINDING-PROTEIN; RESPIRATORY BURST ACTIVITY; COMPLEMENT FRAGMENT C5A; BOVINE INTERFERON-GAMMA; CD14 REDUCES SEVERITY; POSTPARTUM DAIRY-COWS; SOLUBLE CD14; NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; MAMMARY-GLAND AB The objective of the current study was to evaluate the dynamics of infection and the immunological response to varying numbers of Escherichia coli injected into the mammary glands of primiparous cows during the periparturient period. Primiparous cows have been shown to be more resistant to intramammary E. coli challenge, and an increase of the inoculum dose by 2 log(10) units induced a more rapid clinical response and clearance of the organisms. Recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key event in the innate immunity response to gram-negative infection and is mediated by the accessory molecules CD14 and LPS-binding protein (LBP). Primiparous cows were inoculated with 1 x 10(4) (Group A; n = 8) or 1 x 10(6) (Group B; n = 8) cfu E. coli P4:O32 in their 2 left quarters during the periparturient period. Clinical examination and analysis of blood and milk parameters, including IL-8, complement fragment 5a (C5a), LBP, and soluble CD14 (sCD14), were performed from d -4 to d +3 relative to infection. Primiparous cows in Group B initiated a more rapid clinical response following intramammary infection (IMI), resulting in typical clinical signs and changes in blood and milk parameters approximately 3 h earlier compared with primiparous cows in Group A. Based on average milk production in the noninfected quarters on d +2 postinoculation, all heifers reacted as moderate responders. Distinct differences in the kinetic patterns of rectal temperature, somatic cell count (SCC), IL-8, C5a, LBP, and sCD14 were observed between both groups during the early phase of inflammation. Both C5a and IL-8 increased before cellular influx into the infected glands, followed by increases in sCD14 and LBP. In conclusion, primiparous cows are able to clear an intramammary E. coli infection efficiently. Moreover, increasing the inoculum dose induces a more rapid inflammatory reaction, mainly because of early activation of the innate host immune response. C1 State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. INRA, Pathol Infect & Immunol Lab, Ctr Tours Nouzilly, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Burvenich, C (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM christian.burvenich@UGent.be NR 53 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 12 BP 4132 EP 4144 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 872SD UT WOS:000225227800017 PM 15545375 ER PT J AU Melendez, P Goff, JP Risco, CA Archbald, LF Littell, R Donovan, GA AF Melendez, P Goff, JP Risco, CA Archbald, LF Littell, R Donovan, GA TI Effect of a monensin controlled-release capsule on rumen and blood metabolites in Florida Holstein transition cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE monensin; volatile fatty acid; rumen pH; transition cow ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; NITROGEN-UTILIZATION; SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS; MILK-PRODUCTION; CATTLE; FERMENTATION; BACTERIA; PLASMA; FORAGE AB The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a monensin controlled-release capsule administered intraruminally at dry-off on rumen volatile fatty acids, NH3, lactate, pH, and energy blood metabolites in transition dairy cows fed Florida typical diets. In March 2003, 24 cows (10 primiparous and 14 multiparous) dried-off 50 to 70 d before expected parturition were randomly assigned to a treatment (n = 12, oral capsule of monensin) or a control group (n = 12, no capsule). Both groups received the same diet and were exposed to the same environment and management conditions. At assignment, at 21 d before expected parturition, at calving, and at 7, 14, and 21 d postpartum, blood samples were taken and body condition scores were determined. At 10 d postpartum, rumen and blood samples were obtained in the morning before the first feeding and at 2, 4, and 6 h after feeding. Serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and glucose were measured. Rumen samples were analyzed for concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric, L- and D-lactic acids, and NH3. Data for rumen and blood metabolites were analyzed by ANOVA, mixed models for repeated measures. Volatile fatty acids were not different between groups. Multiparous treated cows had a significant reduction in rumen NH3 at 6 h after feeding. Treatment with monensin significantly increased body condition score at calving in multiparous cows. During the postpartum period, NEFA and BHBA were noticeably lower in treated than in control primiparous cows. This difference was not observed in multiparous cows. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Res Ctr, Ames, IA USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Donovan, GA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM donovana@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 12 BP 4182 EP 4189 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 872SD UT WOS:000225227800023 PM 15545381 ER PT J AU Sappington, TW Brashears, AD Parajulee, MN Carroll, SC Arnold, MD Baker, RV AF Sappington, TW Brashears, AD Parajulee, MN Carroll, SC Arnold, MD Baker, RV TI Potential for escape of live boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) into cottonseed, motes, and cleaned lint at the cotton gin SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; cotton lain; cottonseed; motes; eradication ID TEPHRITIDAE; SURVIVAL; DIPTERA; FRUIT AB Reintroductions of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, into areas of the United States where it has been eradicated or suppressed are very expensive to mitigate. There is concern that a cotton gin in an eradication zone may serve as a site of boll weevil reintroductions when processing cotton hat-vested in a neighboring infested zone. Similarly. there is a question whether weevil-free areas can safely import gin products, such as cottonseed mid baled lint, from infested areas without risking an introduction. Many countries require fumigation of imported U.S. cotton bales to protect against boll weevil introductions, costing the U.S. cotton industry millions of dollars annually. In previously reported experiments, we quantified the potential for boll weevils to survive passage through precleaning machinery in the gin. In this study, we quantified survival potential of boll weevils passing through the gin stand and segregating into the cottonseed. mote, or lint fractions. We also examined boll weevil survival when passed with ginned lint through a lint cleaner. We present a flow chart of experimentally, determined survival potentials of boll weevils passing through the various subprocesses of the in.. from which one can calculate the risk of a live boll weevil reaching any point in the process. Our data show that there is virtually no chance of a boll weevil being segregated alive into the cottonseed or of one surviving in the lint to approach the bale press. Therefore, quarantine or fumigation of cottonseed and cotton bales to guard against boll weevil introductions is unnecessary. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, USDA ARS, CICGRU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1773 EP 1781 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881ZJ UT WOS:000225907800001 PM 15666727 ER PT J AU Fuester, RW Kozempel, MF Forster, LD Goldberg, N Casillas, LI Swan, KS AF Fuester, RW Kozempel, MF Forster, LD Goldberg, N Casillas, LI Swan, KS TI A novel nonchemical method for quarantine treatment of fruits: California red scale on citrus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California red scale; Aonidiella aurantii; citrus; nonchemical control; vacuum-steam vacuum ID HIGH-PRESSURE WASHER; HOMOPTERA-DIASPIDIDAE; POSTHARVEST REMOVAL AB A process for removing or killing California red scale. Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell). from citrus fruit as a postharvest treatment was evaluated. The process subjects the fruit to vacuum steam, and vacuum that physically removes red scale from the fruit and kills those scales that are not removed from the fruit. Different numbers of cycles and steam temperatures were compared for efficacy in removing scale from lemons or killing those that remained. Multiple (two to three) cycles removed up to 96% of first molt scales on the fruit, but they, were much less effective in removing other stages, especially those that had advanced beyond the second instar. However, it was extremely effective in killing the scales remaining on the fruit. Although this process does not eliminate cosmetic damage caused by scale presence, it might be used in combination with high-pressure washers currently used in packing houses to allow importers mid exporters to meet the most stringent quarantine requirements. Because of its killing power, this technique should be tried on other insects and commodities to see whether it can be substituted for certain uses of methyl bromide. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects IntroRes, Newark, DE 19713 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Appl Ecol, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Fuester, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects IntroRes, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1861 EP 1867 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881ZJ UT WOS:000225907800011 PM 15666737 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Valero, KA Wang, S Tang, J AF Johnson, JA Valero, KA Wang, S Tang, J TI Thermal death kinetics of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat treatments; red flour beetle; radio frequency; dried fruits; tree nuts ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; IN-SHELL WALNUTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CODLING MOTH; HEATING RATE; LIFE STAGES; LEPIDOPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; TORTRICIDAE; RESISTANCE AB While developing radio frequency heat treatments for dried fruits and nuts, we used a heating block system developed by Washington State University to identify the most heat-tolerant life stage of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and to determine its thermal death kinetics. Using a heating rate of 15degreesC/min to approximate the rapid heating of radio frequency treatments, the relative heat tolerance of red flour beetle stages was found to be older larvae > pupae and adults > eggs and younger larvae. Lethal exposure times for temperatures of 48, 50, and 52degreesC for the most heat-tolerant larval stage were estimated using a 0.5th order kinetic model. Exposures needed for 95% mortality at 48degreesC were too long to be practical (67 min), but increasing treatment temperatures to 50 and 52degreesC resulted in more useful exposure times of 8 and 1.3 min, respectively. Red flour beetle was more sensitive to changes in treatment temperature than previously studied inoth species, resulting in red flour beetle being the most heat-tolerant species at 48degreesC, but navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), being most heat tolerant at 50 and 52degreesC. Consequently, efficacious treatments for navel orangeworm at 50-52degreesC also would control red flour beetle. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 21 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1868 EP 1873 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881ZJ UT WOS:000225907800012 PM 15666738 ER PT J AU Bloem, S Carpenter, JE Bloem, KA Tomlin, L Taggart, S AF Bloem, S Carpenter, JE Bloem, KA Tomlin, L Taggart, S TI Effect of rearing strategy and gamma radiation on field competitiveness of mass-reared codling moths (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE codling moth; sterile insect technique; competitiveness; trapping; diapause ID INHERITED STERILITY; CABBAGE LOOPERS; QUALITY; MALES; NOCTUIDAE; RELEASE; PROGENY AB We compared the field competitiveness of sterile codling moth., Gydia pomonella (L). males mass-reared through diapause or standard production protocols and treated with either 1.50 or 250 Gy of gamma radiation. Evaluations were,ere performed during spring and summer 2003 by using field release-recapture tests. Released males were recaptured using traps baited with synthetic pheromone or with virgin females. In addition, mating tables baited with virgin females were used in the summer to assess the mating competitiveness of the released moths. Field performance of released males was significantly improved by rearing through diapause and by lowering the dose of radiation used to treat the insects. These effects were observed during spring when evening temperatures were relatively cool and in summer when evening temperatures were high. These effects were,ere observed regardless of the sampling method (i.e., capture in pheromone-baited traps, virgin female-baited traps- or in mating tables). There were significant interactions between larval rearing strategy and radiation dose with respect to day of recapture. The effect of rearing strategy; on male performance was observed immediately after release, whereas the effect of dose of radiation was usually delayed by 2-3 d. In general, the best treatment for improving codling moth male field performance was a combination of rearing through diapause and using a low dose of radiation (150 Gy). The difference in perfonnance when insects were,ere treated with 150 or 250 Gy was greater when males had been reared using standard (nondiapause) rearing protocols, suggesting that diapause rearing may attenuate some of the negative effects of the higher doses of radiation. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Florida A&M Univ, USDA, APHIS, PPQ,CPHST,Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Okanagan Kootenay Sterile Insect Release Program, Osoyoos, BC V0H1V0, Canada. RP Bloem, S (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1891 EP 1898 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881ZJ UT WOS:000225907800015 PM 15666741 ER PT J AU French, BW Beckler, AA Chandler, LD AF French, BW Beckler, AA Chandler, LD TI Landscape features and spatial distribution of adult northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) in the south Dakota Areawide management site SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geographic information systems; landscape metrics; population dynamics; spatial analysis; Diabrotica ID HABITAT; SURVIVAL; DIAPAUSE; ILLINOIS; PATTERN; LARVAE; BIRDS; EGGS AB The northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), creates economic and environmental concerns in the Corn Belt. To supplement the population control tactics of the Areawide Pest Management Pro-rwn in Brookings, SD, geographic information systems were used front 1997 to 2001 to examine the spatial relationships between D. barberi population dynamics and habitat structure. soil texture and elevation. Using the inverse distance weighted interpolation technique, D. barberi population density maps were created from georeferenced emergence and postemergence traps placed in maize, Zea mays L. fields. For each year. these maps were overlaid with vegetation, soil, and elevation maps to search for quantitative relationships between pest numbers and landscape structure. Through visual interpretation and correlation analysis, shifts in landscape structure, such as size, number, and arrangement of patches were shown to associate with D. barberi population abundance and distribution in varying degrees. D. barberi were found in greater proportions than expected on lown mid silty clay lown soils and oil elevations between 500 and 509 in. An understanding of the interactions between D. barlwri popuation dynamics and landscape variables provides information to pest managers, which can be used to identify patterns in the landscape that promote high insect population density patches to improve 'pest management strategies. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, NPA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, NPA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP French, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, NPA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1943 EP 1957 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881ZJ UT WOS:000225907800023 PM 15666749 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Larsen, TE Ketner, KC AF Knight, AL Larsen, TE Ketner, KC TI Rainfastness of a microencapsulated sex phermone formulation for codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rain; stickers; walnut; apple; pear ID MATING DISRUPTION; SPRAYABLE PHEROMONE; DISPENSER AB The rainfastness of a microencapsulated sex pheromone formulation for codling moth. Cydia pomonella (L.), was evaluated in a series of laboratory experiments with detached apple. pear. and walnut leaves. Increasing the intensity and duration of simulated rainfall significantly increased the removal of microscapsules front both the top and bottom of apple leaves. The removal of microcapsules was significantly higher from the top versus the bottom of leaves at all rates tested. Leaf angle was a significant factor affecting the removal of microcapsules from the top surface of apple leaves with fewer microcapsules removed, because leaves were oriented with a steeper downward angle. Both leaf Surfaces of apple and pear retained a higher proportion of microcapsules than walnut leaves, and the bottom surface of apple leaves retained significantly more than pear leaves. Three spray adjuvants were evaluated as stickers for microcapsules. No difference was found in the number of microcapsules deposited on apple leaves among three stickers tested at rates from 0.06 to 0.2%. However, in a second test a latex sticker significantly increased the deposition of microcapsules oil apple leaves compared with a polyvinyl polymer and a pine resin sticker at a rate of 0.06%. Significantly more, microcapsules were retained oil the Bottom versus the top of apple leaves with all sticker. The latex and polyvinyl stickers significantly increased the retention of microcapsules versus the pine resin sticker and the control on apple leaves. In another test. the addition of 0.06% latex sticker did not increase the deposition of microcapsules on any of the three leaf types. However. the addition of the latex sticker significantly increased the retention of microcapsules oil the top of apple and pear leaves land the bottom of apple leaves. The addition of a latex sticker did not affect the retention of microcapsules on walnut leaves. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Larsen, TE (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1987 EP 1992 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881ZJ UT WOS:000225907800029 PM 15666755 ER PT J AU Dogramaci, M Shrefler, JW Roberts, BW Pair, S Edelson, JV AF Dogramaci, M Shrefler, JW Roberts, BW Pair, S Edelson, JV TI Comparison of management strategies for squash bugs (Hemiptera : Coreidae) in watermelon SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cucurbit pests; trap crop; carbofuran ID CUCUMBER BEETLES COLEOPTERA; HETEROPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; OKLAHOMA; GROWTH AB Two watermelon pest management practices, a squash trap crop and a standard recommendation using soil-applied carbofuran, were compared using large-scale field plots to assess trap crop suitability as a replacement for the standard in 2000, 2001, and 2002. In both Systems, foliar insecticide applications were used to control squash bugs when populations exceeded threshold levels. During 2001 and 2002, a treatment of untreated watermelon was used. Early season adult insects. from seedling to fruit Set, are most critical for watermelon. Significantly fewer early adult bugs were found on watermelon in the trap crop than in the standard recommended practice in 1 of 3 yr. In both years, Significantly fewer adult squash bugs were found in watermelon in the trap crop than in untreated fields. The standard recommended practice significantly reduced adult squash bugs in watermelon compared with the untreated in 1 of 2 yr. There was no significant correlation of watermelon yield and squash bug density, indicating that squash bug densities were too low to impact yield. Although squash bugs,were reduced significantly by the trap crop, marketable watermelon yields were lower in the squash trap crop than in untreated watermelon, suggesting that pest management treatments may interfere with crop productivity factors other than squash bug colonization. Results suggest that mid-season production squash bug should be managed by monitoring populations and using insecticides as needed rather than using at-plant treatment. Further research is needed to compare treatments during early-season production. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Dogramaci, M (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1999 EP 2005 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881ZJ UT WOS:000225907800031 PM 15666757 ER PT J AU Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA AF Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA TI Disruption of reproductive activity of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) primary reproductives by three chitin synthesis inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE subterranean termites; incipient colonies; benzoylphenyl ureas; fecundity; growth regulators ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES ISOPTERA; CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS SIPHONAPTERA; BOLL-WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE; AFFECTS MORTALITY; DEVELOPMENT TIME; BAIT-TOXICANTS; DIFLUBENZURON; ADULT; LUFENURON AB Effects of the chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron. and lufenuron on the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, primary reproductives were studied in the laboratory. incipient colonies were established by collecting mid paring C. formosanus alates and placing them in dishes containing an artificial diet. Three groups of 56 colonies each were fed with a diet containing 10 ppm of one of each of the CSIs and were compared with a control group fed with an untreated diet. All eggs oviposited by treated young queens failed to hatch at the end of 6 mo. Estimated queen fecundity was significantly lower in the lufenuron treatment compared with the control group. Fecundity of hexaflumuron-treated queens did not differ significantly from that of queens from the control group and the other treatments. Adult mortality was significantly higher in the diflubenzuron and lufenuron treatments than in the control group tit the end of 6 mo., but not in the hexaflumuron treatment. All the pairs died within 8 mo. in the diflubenzuron and lufenuron treatments, even after treatment was suspended at the end of 6 mo. Mortality in the hexaflumuron treatment was significantly higher than in the control group by the end of 9 mo. The three CSIs tested eliminated reproduction in C. formosanus by preventing egg hatching and induced adult mortality. Possible mechanisms by which CSIs induce termite adult death are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rojas, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 2015 EP 2020 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881ZJ UT WOS:000225907800033 PM 15666759 ER PT J AU Guo, BZ Zhang, ZJ Butron, A Widstrom, NW Snook, ME Lynch, RE Plaisted, D AF Guo, BZ Zhang, ZJ Butron, A Widstrom, NW Snook, ME Lynch, RE Plaisted, D TI Lost P1 allele in sh2 sweet corn: Quantitative effects of p1 and a1 genes on concentrations of maysin, apimaysin, methoxymaysin, and chlorogenic acid in maize silk SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sh2; antibiosis; epistasis; QTL; mark-assisted selection ID EARWORM LARVAE LEPIDOPTERA; ZEA-MAYS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; NOCTUIDAE LARVAE; GENETIC-CONTROL; TRAIT LOCI; ANTIBIOSIS; RESISTANCE; POPULATION; MARKERS AB In the United States, insecticide is used extensively in the production of sweet corn due to consumer demand for zero damage to ears and to a sweet corn genetic base with little or no resistance to ear-feeding insects. Growers in the southern United States depend on scheduled pesticide applications to control ear-feeding insects. In a study of quantitative genetic control over silk maysin AM-maysin (apimaysin and methoxymaysin), and chlorogenic acid contents in an F, population derived from GE37 (dent corn, P1A1) and 565 (sh2 sweet corn, p1a1), we demonstrate that the PI allele from field corn, which was selected against in the development of sweet corn, has a strong epistatic interaction with the a1 allele in sh2 sweet corn. We detected that the p1 gene has significant effects (P < 0.0001) not only on silk maysin concentrations but also on AM-maysin, and chlorogenic acid concentrations. The a1 gene also has significant (P < 0.0005) effects on these silk antibiotic chemicals. Successful selection front the fourth and fifth selfed backcrosses for high-maysin individuals of sweet corn homozygous for the recessive a1 allele (tightly linked to sh2) and the dominant P1 allele has been demonstrated. These selected lines have much higher (2 to 3 times) concentrations of silk maysin and other chemicals (AIM-maysin and chlorogenic acid) than the donor parent GE37 mid could enhance sweet corn resistance to corn earworm and reduce the number of applications of insecticide required to produce sweet corn. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Stn, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, Nampa, ID 83687 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Stn, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 2117 EP 2126 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881ZJ UT WOS:000225907800047 PM 15666773 ER PT J AU Midgarden, D Ovalle, O Epsky, ND Puche, H Kendra, PE Rendon, P Heath, RR AF Midgarden, D Ovalle, O Epsky, ND Puche, H Kendra, PE Rendon, P Heath, RR TI Capture of Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) in dry traps baited with a food-based attractant and Jackson traps baited with trimedlure during sterile male release in Guatemala SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; fruit fly trapping; synthetic food attractant; sterile insect technique ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; INSECT-TECHNIQUE PROGRAMS; SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANT; FLY DIPTERA; ERADICATION; POPULATION; ORCHARD; SYSTEMS; ADULTS; LURES AB Captures of the Mediterranean fruit fly. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). in Jackson traps baited with trimedlure were compared with captures in cylindrical open-bottom dry traps baited with a food-based synthetic attractant (ammonium acetate, putrescine, and trimethylamine). Tests were conducted in Guatemala during a sterile male release program in an area where wild flies were present in low numbers. More wild and sterile females were captured in food-based traps, and more wild and sterile males were captured in trimedlure traps. The food-based traps captured almost twice as many total (male plus female) wild flies as the trimedlure traps, but the difference was, not significant. Females made tip approximate to60% of the wild flies caught in the food-based attractant traps: the trimedlure traps caught no females. The ratio of capture of males in trimedlure traps to food-based traps was 6.5:1 for sterile and 1.7:1 for wild flies. Because fewer sterile males are captured in the food-based traps. there is a reduction in the labor-intensive process of examining flies for sterility. The results indicate that traps baited with food-based attractants could be used in place of the Jackson trimedlure traps for C. capitata sterile release prograns because they can monitor distributions of sterile releases and detect wild fly populations effectively: both critical components of fruit fly eradication programs by using the sterile insect technique. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33155 USA. RP Heath, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33155 USA. EM Rheath@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 97 IS 6 BP 2137 EP 2143 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 881ZJ UT WOS:000225907800049 PM 15666775 ER PT J AU Keller, SL Jenkins, MB Ghiorse, WC AF Keller, SL Jenkins, MB Ghiorse, WC TI Simulating the effect of liquid CO2 on Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in aquifer material SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DYE PERMEABILITY ASSAY; INVITRO EXCYSTATION; VIABILITY; INACTIVATION; GIARDIA; SOIL AB The effects of liquid CO2 injection on the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were evaluated. A laboratory study Was designed to test the effects of saturated CO2, freeze-thaw cycles and different freezing protocols on C. parvum oocysts in aquifer material. Oocysts were exposed to a saturated solution of CO2 at room temperature for 1-, 4-, 8-, and 12-h intervals and their viability,was compared with controls. One- and three-cycle freeze-thaw experiments on oocyst survival were conducted. Inactivation of oocysts was assessed for: (1) rapid freezing and rapid thawing and (2) gradual freezing and rapid thawing. Exposure to 1 atm of CO2 in water at room temperature had a negligible effect on oocyst viability. Average oocyst viability after the one- and three-cycle freeze-thaw experiments was 24.7 and 2.7%, repsectively. The average oocyst viability associated with the rapid freeze-thaw and gradual freeze-thaw experiments was 11.3 and 26.2%, respectively. Freezing associated with injection of liquid CO2 into aquifers would be the factor inactivating oocysts; to cause a 3-log decrease in oocyst viability multiple injections may be required. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Lower Colorado River Auth, Austin, TX 78703 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM mjenkins@uga.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2004 VL 130 IS 12 BP 1547 EP 1551 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:12(1547) PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 871XL UT WOS:000225169800018 ER PT J AU Manter, DK Kerrigan, J AF Manter, DK Kerrigan, J TI A/C-i curve analysis across a range of woody plant species: influence of regression analysis parameters and mesophyll conductance SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE A/C-i curve analysis; CO2 assimilation; mesophyll CO2 conductance; photosynthesis; Rubisco; Vcmax ID CO2 ASSIMILATION; C-3 PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAVES; LIMITATIONS; RUBISCO; DIFFUSION; NITROGEN; MODEL; EXCHANGE AB The analysis and interpretation of A/C-i curves (net CO2 assimilation rate, A, versus calculated substomatal CO2 concentration, C-i) is dependent upon a number of underlying assumptions. The influence of the C-i value at which the A/C-i curve switches between the Rubisco- and electron transport-limited portions of the curve was examined on A/C-i curve parameter estimates, as well as the effect of mesophyll CO2 conductance (g(m)) values on estimates of the maximum rate of Rubisco-mediated carboxylation (V-cmax). Based on an analysis using 19 woody species from the Pacific Northwest, significant variation occurred in the C-i value where the Rubisco- and electron transport-limited portions of the curve intersect (C-i_t), ranging from 20 Pa to 152 Pa and averaging c. 71 Pa and 37 Pa for conifer and broadleaf species, respectively. Significant effects on estimated A/C-i parameters (e.g. V-cmax) may arise when preliminary estimates of C-i_t, necessary for the multiple regression analyses, are set either too high or too low. However, when the appropriate threshold is used, a significant relationship between A/C-i and chlorophyll fluorescence estimates of carboxylation is achieved. The use of the V-cmax parameter to describe accurately the Rubisco activity from the A/C-i curve analysis is also dependent upon the assumption that C-i is approximately equal to chloroplast CO2 concentrations (C-c). If leaf mesophyll conductance is low, C-c will be much lower than C-i and will result in an underestimation of V-cmax from A/C-i curves. A large range of mesophyll conductance (g(m)) values was observed across the 19 species (0.005+/-0.002 to 0.189+/-0.011 mol m(-2) s(-1) for Tsuga heterophylla and Quercus garryana, respectively) and, on average, g(m) was 1.9 times lower for the conifer species (0.058+/-0.017 mol m(-2) s(-1) for conifers versus 0.112+/-0.020 mol m(-2) s(-1) for broadleaves). When this mesophyll limitation was accounted for in V-cmax estimates, considerable variation still existed between species, but the difference in V-cmax between conifer and broadleaf species was reduced from c. 11 mumol m(-2) s(-1) to 4 mumol m(-2) s(-1). For example, A/C-i curve estimates of V-cmax were 31.2+/-6.2 and 42.2+/-4.4 mumol m(-2) s(-1), and A/C-c curve estimates were 41.2+/-7.1 mumol m(-2) s(-1) and 45.0+/-4.8 mumol m(-2) s(-1), for the conifer and broadleaf species, respectively. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dmanter@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 36 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 55 IS 408 BP 2581 EP 2588 DI 10.1093/jxb/erh260 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 873BB UT WOS:000225252600012 PM 15501912 ER PT J AU Conner, RN Saenz, D Schaefer, RR McCormick, JR Rudolph, DC Burt, DB AF Conner, RN Saenz, D Schaefer, RR McCormick, JR Rudolph, DC Burt, DB TI Group size and nest success in Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in the West Gulf Coastal Plain: helpers make a difference SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cooperative breeding; fledging success; group size; partial brood loss; Picidae ID PICOIDES-BOREALIS; NORTH-CAROLINA; SANDHILLS; HABITAT; FITNESS; SYSTEM AB We studied the relationships between Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) group size and nest productivity. Red-cockaded Woodpecker group size was positively correlated with fledging success. Although the relationships between woodpecker group size and nest productivity measures were not statistically significant, a pattern of increasing clutch size and number of hatchlings with increasing group size was apparent. The presence of helpers appeared to enhance the survival of nestlings between hatching and fledging. The contribution that helpers make to nestling feeding and incubation, cavity excavation, and territory defense appears to have a positive effect on nest productivity. A threshold number of helpers may be necessary before a significant benefit for fledging success is realized. Nests with four and five group members fledged more young than nests with two or three group members. Whether partial brood loss occurred or not within a nest was primarily a function of clutch size and the number of hatchlings. Although partial brood loss did affect the number of young fledged from individual nests by removing young from nests with high numbers of hatchlings, woodpecker group size appeared to be the primary determinant of fledging success. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biol, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. RP Conner, RN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, 506 Hayter St, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. EM c_connerrn@titan.sfasu.edu NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 1 BP 74 EP 78 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 771MW UT WOS:000188790800009 ER PT J AU Nislow, KH Einum, S Folt, CL AF Nislow, KH Einum, S Folt, CL TI Testing predictions of the critical period for survival concept using experiments with stocked Atlantic salmon SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the Fisheries-Society-of-the-British-Isles CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND SP Fisheries Soc British Isle DE Atlantic salmon; critical period; density-dependence; habitat suitability ID STREAM-LIVING SALMONIDS; SALAR FRY; POPULATION-DENSITY; NATURAL-SELECTION; TERRITORY SIZE; BROWN TROUT; GROWTH; PATTERNS; HABITAT; TRUTTA AB Two separate field experiments were performed in the U.S.A. and Norway with stocked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. In the Norwegian experiment, the offspring of early-spawning fish which had larger eggs and emerged a few days before offspring of later spawning fish had consistently higher survival rates. In the U.S.A. experiment, stream sections with higher proportions of favourable foraging locations during the critical period (the transition from dependence on maternally-derived yolk reserves to independent feeding) had lower loss rates of fish stocked as unfed fry. These results provide support for the critical period concept (CPC) in Atlantic salmon, underscores the utility of a manipulative approach to achieve further advances in knowledge of Atlantic salmon ecology and provide additional guidance to management and restoration. A mechanistic, conceptual model for density dependence is presented to identify important knowledge gaps that remain to further evaluate the importance of the CPC for Atlantic salmon population regulation. (C) 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03766 USA. Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. RP Nislow, KH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 201 Holdsworth NRC,160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM knislow@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 65 SU A BP 188 EP 200 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00561.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 884WZ UT WOS:000226118700012 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Musgrove, MT Northcutt, JK AF Jones, DR Musgrove, MT Northcutt, JK TI Variations in external and internal microbial populations in shell eggs during extended storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL SUPERMARKETS; PSEUDOMONAS SPOILAGE; HENS EGG; CONTAMINATION; QUALITY; PENETRATION; INFECTION AB The current project was conducted to determine the microbial quality of commercially processed shell eggs during extended storage. Unwashed eggs were collected at the accumulator before entering the processing line. Washed eggs were retrieved after placement in flats. All eggs were stored on pulp flats at 4degreesC for 10 weeks. Twelve eggs from each treatment were rinsed on the day of collection and during each week of storage. After rinsing, eggs were sanitized in ethanol, and contents were aseptically collected. Total aerobes, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, and pseudomonads were enumerated from shell rinses and pooled egg contents. During storage, no differences were found between unwashed and washed eggs for Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonads in either shell rinses or contents. No differences were found between treatments for population levels of total aerobes or yeasts and molds in the egg contents throughout the storage period. Significant differences between treatments were found at each week of storage for external shell contamination by total aerobes. The highest unwashed egg contamination occurred at week 8 of storage and the lowest was at weeks 0 and 1 of storage. The highest shell contamination with aerobic bacteria on the washed eggs was found at week 0 of storage and the lowest was at week 7. Yeast and mold contamination determined by shell rinses was also significantly different between treatments at each week of storage. Commercially washed eggs were significantly less contaminated than were unwashed eggs for the populations monitored. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM drjones@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 67 IS 12 BP 2657 EP 2660 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 878UR UT WOS:000225673100005 PM 15633667 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR Lambertz, A AF Stabel, JR Lambertz, A TI Efficacy of pasteurization conditions for the inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in milk SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID COWS MILK; THERMAL INACTIVATION; RAW-MILK/; HEAT AB Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of a chronic enteritis in ruminants (Johne's disease), has been linked to Crohn's disease in humans. This microorganism is shed by infected animals primarily in the feces but is also shed in the milk at much lower levels. Therefore, dairy products from infected animals may be one mode of transmission of this animal pathogen. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the holder and high-temperature short-time pasteurization standards on the destruction of M. paratuberculosis. One hundred eighty experiments were conducted in this study using a slug-flow pasteurizer unit and a laboratory scale pasteurizer unit. Ultrahigh-temperature milk was inoculated at two concentrations, 10(8) and 10(5) CFU/ml, with three different field strains of M. paratuberculosis. Five different time-temperature combinations were evaluated: 62.7degreesC for 30 min, 65.5degreesC for 16 s, 71.7degreesC for 15 s, 71.7degreesC for 20 s, and 74.4degreesC for 15 s. Three replicates of each experiment were run for the pasteurizer unit, time-temperature combination, and strain of M. paratuberculosis. Treatment of milk regardless of bacterial strain or pasteurizer unit resulted in an average 5.0- and 7.7-log kill for the low and high concentrations of inoculum, respectively. Milk treated for cheese production (65.5degreesC for 16 s) resulted in a much lower and more variable kill. Results from this study indicate that the current U.S. minimum standards for batch and high-temperature short-time pasteurization of grade A milk significantly reduced the survivability of M. paratuberculosis, but some bacteria survived subpasteurization heat treatment of milk used for cheese manufacture. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 67 IS 12 BP 2719 EP 2726 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 878UR UT WOS:000225673100015 PM 15633677 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Curtis, PA Anderson, KE Fletcher, DL Cox, NA AF Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Curtis, PA Anderson, KE Fletcher, DL Cox, NA TI Survey of shell egg processing plant sanitation programs: Effects on non-egg-contact surfaces SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB To successfully implement a hazard analysis critical control point plan, prerequisite programs are essential. Sanitation standard operating procedures are an important part of such a plan and can reduce contamination levels so that food safety and quality are not adversely affected. Noncontact surfaces in the shell egg processing plants can serve as a reservoir of cross-contamination. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of sanitation programs used in a variety of shell egg processing facilities (in-line, off-line, and mixed operations). Fourteen different noncontact surfaces were sampled in nine commercial facilities across the southeastern United States. Non-egg-contact surfaces were defined as those where the shell egg does not come into direct contact with the surface or with the fluid from that surface. Gauze pads soaked in sterile phosphate-buffered saline were used for sampling at the end of a processing day (POST) and again the next morning prior to operations (PRE). Aerobic plate counts (APCs) and numbers of Enterobacteriaceae were determined. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found between POST and PRE counts for either population recovered from the 14 sampling sites. Only samples from the floor under the farm belts, nest-run loader, washers, and packer heads were reduced by 1 log CFU/ml of rinsate for APCs or Enterobacteriaceae counts. APCs of more than 104 CFU/ml of rinsate were recovered from many samples. Highest APCs were found on the floor under the farm belt and on shelves of the nest-run carts. High APCs were found on the wheel surface for off-line carts and on the loading dock floor. Highest Enterobacteriaceae counts were found in samples from the floor, drain, and nest-run egg cart shelves. A lack of significant difference between POST and PRE counts indicates that current sanitation programs could be improved. These data suggest that traffic patterns for the movement of eggs and materials through the plant should be reevaluated so that cross-contamination is reduced. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mmusgrov@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 67 IS 12 BP 2801 EP 2804 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 878UR UT WOS:000225673100028 PM 15633690 ER PT J AU Beuter, JH Alig, RJ AF Beuter, JH Alig, RJ TI Forestland values SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID OWNERS C1 Soc Amer Foresters, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Beuter, JH (reprint author), Soc Amer Foresters, 2030 NW Robin Hood St, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM beuterj@comcast.net; ralig@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 102 IS 8 BP 4 EP 8 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 880RC UT WOS:000225805900003 ER PT J AU Alig, RJ Plantinga, AJ AF Alig, RJ Plantinga, AJ TI Future forestland area: Impacts from population growth and other factors that affect land values SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE land-use projections; land markets; development; land-use shifts AB Shifting patterns of land use in the United States are associated with many of today's environmental concerns. Land-use shifts occur because of relative changes in I and rents, which are determined in part by financial returns in commodity markets. In recent decades, more than 3 million ac shifted annually in or out of US forest use. Gross amounts of land-use change are an order of magnitude larger than net changes. Between 1982 and 1997, a net amount of 3.6 million ac was added to the US nonfederal forest land base. Area of developed uses is projected to increase by about 70 million ac by 2030, with the largest percentage diverted from forests. All regions show substantial increases in developed area, with increases in population and personal income as key drivers. Forest area is projected to decline in two key timber supply regions, the South (-6.0 million ac) and the Pacific Northwest Westside (-1.9 million ac). Other regions having projected losses in forest area include the Northeast (-3.0 million ac), the Lake States (-1.2 million ac), and the Pacific Southwest (-0.6 million ac). Conditions in land markets reflect increased rents from residential and other uses of developed land, such that forests and forestland values will increasingly be influenced by development and its location. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alig, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ralig@fs.fed.us; plantinga@oregonstate.edu NR 13 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 102 IS 8 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 880RC UT WOS:000225805900006 ER PT J AU Wear, DN Newman, DH AF Wear, DN Newman, DH TI The speculative shadow over timberland values in the US south SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE land use; conservation planning; forest ownership; property assessment; land markets AB In well-functioning markets, forestland prices capture a wealth of information regarding current as well as anticipated uses of land and resources contained on it. They reflect the valuation of current uses and incorporate information regarding productivity, standing timber capital, and the effects of taxes that apply to land and production. Land prices are speculative by definition, so they also incorporate information regarding anticipated future uses of the I and and resources. A studs, of spatia I patterns of assessed forestland prices in Georgia shows rising nontimber values in certain locations and suggests shifts in the future use of land and resources. As expected, land prices anticipate future development of forested land at the periphery of urbanizing areas. Rising timberland values also portend changes in land uses in some more rural counties. In these areas, it appears that low-density residential growth and recreational values are having an impact on the uses of timberland that is greater than previously thought. These findings provide some insights into the causes of ongoing shifts in ownership of forested land between industry, individuals, and equity concerns. Anticipated population and income growth in the South could hold important implications for both the supply of timber and the conditions of forestland in a large portion of the region. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wear, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dwear@fs.fed.us; newman@forestry.uga.edu RI Newman, David/A-9202-2009 NR 5 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 102 IS 8 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 880RC UT WOS:000225805900007 ER PT J AU Akinyemi, OD Olowofela, JA Sauer, TJ Fasunan, OO AF Akinyemi, OD Olowofela, JA Sauer, TJ Fasunan, OO TI Spatio-temporal variability and fractal characterization of the thermal conductivity measured in situ in a natural clay soil SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE clay soil; thermal conductivity; spatial variability; temporal variability ID WATER-CONTENT; NIGERIAN SOILS; POROUS-MEDIA; PROBE; TEMPERATURE AB Spatial and temporal variability studies of thermal properties were carried out in a 16 ha clayey soil site at Abeokuta, south-western Nigeria, at an average temperature of 27 degrees C. Thermal conductivity ( K) was measured at three locations and five depths (0.06 m, 0.12 m, 0.18 m, 0.24 m and 0.3 m) near each grid point using a microprocessor-based thermal properties meter. Volumetric water contents (theta(v)) were measured using the gravimetric method at these depths. The overall mean +/- standard deviations for K and theta(v) were 1.33 +/- 0.27 W m(-1) K-1 and 0.44 +/- 0.08 m(3) m(-3), respectively. A spherical model provided the best fit to the isotropic variograms of theta(v) in all the layers while for K, spherical, linear and exponential models were observed with nugget-to-sill ratios <= 1.0 and effective ranges from 92 to 571 m. Results indicate an inconsistent spatial pattern of K with spatial correlations and fractal characterizations that vary by parameter and depth. C1 Univ Agr, Dept Phys, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Univ Ibadan, Dept Phys, Ibadan, Nigeria. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ogun State Univ, Dept Phys, Ago Uwoye, Nigeria. RP Akinyemi, OD (reprint author), Univ Agr, Dept Phys, Abeokuta, Nigeria. OI Akinyemi, Olukayode/0000-0001-9519-7384 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-2132 J9 J GEOPHYS ENG JI J. Geophys. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 1 IS 4 BP 252 EP 258 AR PII S1742-2132(04)80718-0 DI 10.1088/1742-2132/1/4/002 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 918VZ UT WOS:000228577000002 ER PT J AU Greenberg, CH Tanner, GW AF Greenberg, CH Tanner, GW TI Breeding pond selection and movement patterns by Eastern Spadefoot Toads (Scaphiopus holbrookii) in relation to weather and edaphic conditions SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES; TADPOLES; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB Eastern Spadefoot Toads (Scaphiopus holbrookii) require fish-free, isolated, ephemeral ponds for breeding but otherwise inhabit surrounding uplands, commonly xeric longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and wiregrass (Aristida beyrichiana) ecosystem. Fire suppression in the Florida sandhills has the potential to alter upland and pond suitability through increased hardwood densities and resultant higher transpiration. In this paper, we explore breeding and metamorphic emigration movements in relation to weather, hydrological conditions of ponds, and surrounding upland matrices. We use nine years of data from continuous monitoring with drift fences and pitfall traps at eight ephemeral ponds in two upland matrices: regularly burned, savanna-like sandhills (N = 4), and hardwood-invaded sandhills (N = 4). Neither adult nor metamorph captures differed between ponds within the two upland matrices, suggesting that they are tolerant of upland heterogeneity created by fire frequency. Explosive breeding occurred during nine periods and in all seasons; adults were captured rarely otherwise. At the landscape-level, an interaction between rainfall and maximum change in barometric pressure were the top significant predictors of explosive breeding. At the pond-level, rainfall and the change in pond depth during the month prior to breeding were the top significant predictors of adult captures. Metamorphic emigrations occurred following transformation and usually were complete within a week regardless of rainfall levels. Movement by adults and metamorphs was directional, but mean directions of adult emigrations and immigrations did not always correspond. Our results suggest that spadefoot toads are highly adapted to breeding conditions and upland habitat heterogeneity created by weather patterns and fire frequency in Florida sandhills. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM kgreenberg@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 38 IS 4 BP 569 EP 577 DI 10.1670/5-04A PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 886JK UT WOS:000226223100013 ER PT J AU Slininger, PJ Burkhead, KD Schisler, DA AF Slininger, PJ Burkhead, KD Schisler, DA TI Antifungal and sprout regulatory bioactivities of phenylacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and tyrosol isolated from the potato dry rot suppressive bacterium Enterobacter cloacae S11 : T : 07 SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiobiotic; sprout inhibitor; biological control; potato; postharvest ID BIOCONTROL AGENT PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS-2-79; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; FUSARIUM-SAMBUCINUM; LIQUID CULTURE; TUBERS; THIABENDAZOLE; GROWTH; RESISTANCE; STRAINS AB Enterobacter cloacae S11:T:07 (NRRL B-21050) is a promising biological control agent that has significantly reduced both fungal dry rot disease and sprouting in laboratory and pilot potato storages. The metabolites phenylacetic acid (PAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and tyrosol (TSL) were isolated from S11:T:07 liquid cultures provided with three different growth media. The bioactivities of these metabolites were investigated via thin-layer chromatography bioautograpby of antifungal activity, wounded potato assays of dry rot suppressiveness, and cored potato eye assays of sprout inhibition. Relative accumulations of PAA, IAA, and TSL in cultures were nutrient dependent. For the first time, IAA, TSL, and PAA were shown to have antifungal activity against the dry rot causative pathogen Gibberella pulicaris, and to suppress dry rot infection of wounded potatoes. Disease suppression was optimal when all three metabolites were applied in combination. Dosages of IAA that resulted in disease suppression also resulted in sprout inhibition. These results suggest the potential for designing culture production and formulation conditions to achieve a dual purpose biological control agent able to suppress both dry rot and sprouting of stored potatoes. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Slininger, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM slininpj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 54 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 31 IS 11 BP 517 EP 524 DI 10.1007/s10295-004-0180-3 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 887BF UT WOS:000226276600005 PM 15558349 ER PT J AU Williams, CL Breck, SW Baker, BW AF Williams, CL Breck, SW Baker, BW TI Genetic methods improve accuracy of gender determination in beavers SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE AGS; beaver; Castor canadensis; gender determination; Zfx; Zfy ID YAMPA RIVERS; SEX; HERBIVORY; MAMMALS; SAMPLES; GREEN; SHEEP; DEER AB Gender identification of sexually monomorphic mammals can be difficult. We used analysis of zinc-finger protein (Zfx and Zfy) DNA regions to determine gender of 96 beavers (Castor canadensis) from 3 areas and used these results to verify gender determined in the field. Gender was correctly determined for 86 (89.6%) beavers. Incorrect assignments were not attributed to errors in any one age or sex class. Although methods that can be used in the field (such as morphological methods) can provide reasonably accurate gender assignments in beavers, the genetic method might be preferred in certain situations. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. US Geol Survey, Fort Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Williams, CL (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM christen.l.williams@aphis.usda.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1145 EP 1148 DI 10.1644/BPR-104.1 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 882PM UT WOS:000225950800015 ER PT J AU Smith, SH Tate, PL Huang, G Magee, JB Meepagala, KM Wedge, DE Larcom, LL AF Smith, SH Tate, PL Huang, G Magee, JB Meepagala, KM Wedge, DE Larcom, LL TI Antimutagenic activity of berry extracts SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD LA English DT Article DE anticancer; ellagic acid; ellagitannin; small fruits ID ELLAGIC ACID; MUTAGENICITY TEST; CARCINOGENESIS; ANTICARCINOGEN; CLASSIFICATION; POLYPHENOLS; INHIBITORS; CANCER; FRUITS; ASSAY AB Plants are proven sources of useful anti-tumor and chemopreventative compounds. Hence, identification of phytochemicals useful in dietary prevention and intervention of cancer is of paramount importance. The initial step in the formation of cancer is damage to the genome of a somatic cell producing a mutation in an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene. Fresh juices and organic solvent extracts from the fruits of strawberry, blueberry, and raspberry were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the production of mutations by the direct-acting mutagen methyl methanesulfonate and the metabolically activated carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. Juice from strawberry, blueberry, and raspberry fruit significantly inhibited mutagenesis caused by both carcinogens. Ethanol extracts from freeze-dried fruits of strawberry cultivars (Sweet Charlie and Carlsbad) and blueberry cultivars (Tifblue and Premier) were also tested. Of these, the hydrolyzable tannin-containing fraction from Sweet Charlie strawberries was most effective at inhibiting mutations. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Phys, Clemson, SC USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Greenville Mem Hosp, Res Cooperat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA, ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS USA. Univ Mississippi, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. Univ Mississippi, Thad Cochran Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Larcom, LL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Microbiol, 216 Kinard Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM lllrcm@clemson.edu NR 30 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1096-620X EI 1557-7600 J9 J MED FOOD JI J. Med. Food PD WIN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 4 BP 450 EP 455 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 885IN UT WOS:000226150400009 ER PT J AU Arnold, JW Boothe, DH Suzuki, O Bailey, GW AF Arnold, JW Boothe, DH Suzuki, O Bailey, GW TI Multiple imaging techniques demonstrate the manipulation of surfaces to reduce bacterial contamination and corrosion SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE AFM; bacteria; biofilm; corrosion; EPMA; SEM; stainless steel ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; STAINLESS-STEEL; BIOFILM FORMATION; ATTACHMENT; CLEANABILITY; ELECTRON; FINISHES AB Surface imaging techniques were combined to determine appropriate manipulation of technologically important surfaces for commercial applications. The complementarity of the microscopy methods, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and atomic force microscopy assessed and correlated form and function of the surface modifications. Stainless steel disks (1 cm in diameter) were laser-cut from the same sheets of stainless steel and treated by electropolishing or left untreated for controls. Each treatment was analysed separately using each technique. First, the disks were examined by visual inspection and electron probe microanalysis for surface characteristics and elemental composition, respectively. Aliquots of bacterial suspensions (saline rinses of poultry carcasses from a commercial broiler processing plant) were then diluted in broth and monitored for growth by spectrophotometry. Stainless steel disks (1 cm in diameter) were added and the cultures were grown to sufficient density to allow attachment of bacterial cells to test surfaces. Relative differences in the surface morphology shown by atomic force microscopy, including Z ranges, roughness and other measurements, corresponded by treatment with the differences in reduction of bacterial counts shown by scanning electron microscopy. A model of wet-processing conditions tested the effects of corrosive treatment of surfaces. Less bacterial attachment occurred after corrosive treatment on controls and electropolished samples. Electropolishing significantly reduced bacterial numbers and the effects of corrosive action compared to the controls. Thus, the multiple imaging techniques showed that engineered changes on stainless steel surfaces improved the resistance of the surface finish to bacterial attachment, biofilm formation, and corrosive action. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. JGC Corp, Div Res & Dev, Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, NERL, Athens, GA USA. RP Arnold, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jarnold@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 216 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1111/j.0022-2720.2004.01415.x PN 3 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 874NM UT WOS:000225357100003 PM 15566492 ER PT J AU Zhou, YD Kim, YP Li, XC Baerson, SR Agarwal, AK Hodges, TW Ferreira, D Nagle, DG AF Zhou, YD Kim, YP Li, XC Baerson, SR Agarwal, AK Hodges, TW Ferreira, D Nagle, DG TI Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activation by (-)-epicatechin gallate: Potential adverse effects of cancer chemoprevention with high-dose green tea extracts SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; TUMOR-GROWTH; FACTOR 1-ALPHA; GENE-EXPRESSION; VEGF INDUCTION; SOLID TUMORS; HIF-ALPHA; CELLS; HYDROXYLATION; TRANSCRIPTION AB Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that induces oxygen-regulated genes in response to reduced oxygen conditions (hypoxia). Expression of the oxygen-regulated HIF-1alpha subunit correlates positively with advanced disease stages and poor prognosis in cancer patients. Green tea catechins are believed to be responsible for the cancer chemopreventive activities of green tea. We found that (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG, 1), one of the major green tea catechins, strongly activates HIF-1 in T47D human breast carcinoma cells. Among the green tea catechins tested, I demonstrated the strongest HIF-1-inducing activity, while (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG, 2) was significantly less active. However, 2 is relatively unstable in the in vitro system studied. Compound 1 also increases the expression of HIF-1 target genes including GLUT-1, VEGF, and CDKN1A. In T47D cells, 1 induces nuclear HIF-1alpha protein without affecting HIF-1alpha mRNA. Both the induction of HIF-1alpha protein and activation of HIF-1 by 1 can be blocked by iron and ascorbate, indicating that 1 may activate HIF-1 through the chelation of iron. These results suggest that intended cancer chemoprevention with high-dose green tea extracts may be compromised, by the ability of tea catechins to promote tumor cell survival pathways associated with HIF-1 activation. C1 Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Zhou, YD (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 1848, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ydzhou@olemiss.edu; dnagle@olemiss.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-98787-01, R01 CA098787, R01 CA098787-01A2, R56 CA098787] NR 43 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 67 IS 12 BP 2063 EP 2069 DI 10.1021/np040140c PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 884FQ UT WOS:000226070600019 PM 15620252 ER PT J AU Diers, JA Pennaka, HK Peng, JN Bowling, JJ Duke, SO Hamann, MT AF Diers, JA Pennaka, HK Peng, JN Bowling, JJ Duke, SO Hamann, MT TI Structural activity relationship studies of zebra mussel antifouling and antimicrobial agents from verongid sponges SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOCERATINA-PURPUREA; ORDER VERONGIDA; BROMOTYRAMINES; CERATINAMINE AB Several dibromotyramine derivatives including moloka'iamine were selected as potential zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) antifoulants due to the noteworthy absence of fouling observed on sponges of the order Verongida. Sponges of the order Verongida consistently produce these types of bromotyrosine-derived secondary metabolites. Previously reported antifouling data for the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (EC50 = 12.2muM) support the results reported here that the compound moloka'iamine may be a potential zebra mussel antifoulant compound (EC50 = 10.4 muM). The absence of phytotoxic activity of the compound moloka'iamine toward Lemna pausicostata and, most importantly, the compound's significant selectivity against macrofouling organisms such as zebra mussels suggest the potential utility of this compound as a naturally derived antifoulant lead. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, NPURU, USDA ARS, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Hamann, MT (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM mthamann@olemiss.edu RI Hamann, Mark/E-9251-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI036596]; PHS HHS [1R01A136596] NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 67 IS 12 BP 2117 EP 2120 DI 10.1021/np040097t PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 884FQ UT WOS:000226070600034 PM 15620267 ER PT J AU Chitwood, DJ AF Chitwood, DJ TI Alva Morgan Golden - Obituary SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chitwood, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Bldg 011A,Room 165B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chitwood@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 36 IS 4 BP 421 EP 423 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 006BR UT WOS:000234870600001 ER PT J AU Matthews, BF Pilitt, KL Klink, V AF Matthews, BF Pilitt, KL Klink, V TI Molecular characterization of a soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) homolog of unc-87 SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; Keterodera glycines; in situ hybridization; soybean cyst nematode; Unc-87 ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; ACTIN-BINDING; MUSCLE; GENE; CALPONIN; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION AB In Caenorhabiditis elegans the unc-87 gene encodes a protein that binds to actin at the 1 band and is important in namatodes for maintenance of the body-wall muscle. Caenorhabditis elegans mutant phenotypes of unc-87 exhibit severe paralysis in larvae and limp paralysis in the adult. We cloned and characterized a full-length cDNA representing a Heterodera glycines homolog of the unc-87 gene from C. elegans that encodes a protein that contains a region of seven repeats similar to CLIK-23 from C. elegans and has 81% amino acid identity with that of C. elegans unc-87 variant A. In the EST database clones labeled "unc-87" encode mainly the 3' portion of unc-87, while clones labeled "calponin homolog OV9M" contain mainly DNA sequence representing the 5' and middle transcribed regions of unc-87. A 1770 nucleotide cDNA encoding H. glycines unc-87 was cloned and encodes a predicted UNC-87 protein product of 375 amino acids. The expression of unc-87 was determined using RT-PCR and, in comparison to its expression in eggs, unc-87 was expressed 6-fold higher in J2 juveniles and 20-fold and 13-fold (P = 0.05) higher in nematodes 15 and 30 days after inoculation, respectively. In situ hybridiziation patterns confirmed the expression patterns observed with RT-PCR. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Matthews, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM matthewb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 36 IS 4 BP 457 EP 465 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 006BR UT WOS:000234870600006 PM 19262826 ER PT J AU Skantar, AM Carta, LK AF Skantar, AM Carta, LK TI Molecular characterization and phylogenetic evaluation of the Hsp90 gene from selected nematodes SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA; Hsp90; phylogenetics; protein; rDNA; saturation ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; EUKARYOTIC MODEL ORGANISMS; CYST-FORMING NEMATODES; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; EVOLUTIONARY FRAMEWORK; RIBOSOMAL DNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SUBSTITUTION; POLYMERASE AB While multiple genes are optimal for corroborating nematode phylogenies, only a few are commonly used. Here we examine the phylogenetic potential of the nuclear Hsp90 chaperone gene. We used degenerate primers to obtain partial Hsp90 sequences from several plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes. Hsp90 was single-copy in Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne javanica, similar to the situation for Caenorhabditis elegans. The full-length H. glycines Hsp90 protein sequence showed homology to sequences from C. elegans and Brugia pahangi and to other eukaryotes, and contains several functionally important regions common to cytoplasmic Hsp90 proteins. The Hsp90 amino acid phylogeny supported the Coelomata hypothesis for metazoan evolution. Phylogenetic trees, substitution scatter plots, and statistics for phylogenetic signal were made for Hsp90. 18S small subunit (SSU), and 28S large subunit (LSU) over a limited but broad sampling of nematode taxa. Only the LSU data set failed to recover any of the expected topology and showed extensive substitution saturation. In an intensive sampling of plant-parasitic nematode taxa, the Hsp90 tree topologies were generally congruent with rDNA results and alignments were unambiguous. Hsp90 sequences may help strengthen branch support or clarify tree topologies when other molecules show ambiguous alignments, greater branch-length heterogeneity, or codon bias in certain taxonomic groups. C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Skantar, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Bldg 011A BARC W,Rm 165B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM skantara@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 83 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 36 IS 4 BP 466 EP 480 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 006BR UT WOS:000234870600007 PM 19262827 ER PT J AU Perez, EE Lewis, EE Shapiro-Ilan, DI AF Perez, EE Lewis, EE Shapiro-Ilan, DI TI Effect of application method on fitness of entomopathogenic nematodes emerging at different times SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desiccation; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; infectivity; Steinernema feltiae; survival ID AQUEOUS SUSPENSION; HOST CADAVERS; PHASED INFECTIVITY; INFECTED HOSTS; HETERORHABDITIDAE; STEINERNEMA; SURVIVAL AB The entomopathogenic nematode species Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were compared for survival and infectivity of infective juvenile (IJ) collected with a standard White trap (i.e., emerging from hosts and accumulating in water) and later applied to sand (treatment A) to IJ allowed to emerge from hosts into sand (treatment C). Percentage IJ survival and infectivity was compared between treatments for S. feltiae IJ that emerged between days 1 to 3 and days 4 to 6. For H. bacteriophora, percentage IJ survival and infectivity was compared between treatments only for infective juveniles that emerged between days 4 to 6. For S. feltiae IJ percentage survival and infectivity decreased with time (P <= 0.05) and was greater (P <= 0.05) for IJ from treatment C than for IJ from treatment A. For H. bacteriophora IJ percentage survival decreased (P <= 0.05) and percentage infectivity increased (P <= 0.05) with time. While percent survival was higher (P <= 0.05) for treatment C than for A, percent infectivity was not different between treatments. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Perez, EE (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM eperez@vt.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 36 IS 4 BP 534 EP 539 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 006BR UT WOS:000234870600015 PM 19262835 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Hwang, D AF Lee, JY Hwang, D TI Chemopreventive effects of dietary (n-3) fatty acids mediated through cyclooxygenase-dependent and -independent pathways. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Research Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Cancer CY JUL 15-16, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Inst Canc Res, World Canc Res Fund Int, BASF Aktiengesellsch, Campbell Soup Co, Cranberry Inst, Danisco USA Inc, DSM Nutr Products Inc, Hills Pet Nutr Inc, Kellogg Co, Natl Fisheries Inst, Solae Co, United Soybean Board C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dhwang@whnrc.usda-gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 134 IS 12 SU S BP 3518S EP 3518S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 880FR UT WOS:000225774900025 ER PT J AU Meydani, M AF Meydani, M TI Molecular mechanism of epigallocatechin gallate inhibition of angiogenesis. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Research Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Cancer CY JUL 15-16, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Inst Canc Res, World Canc Res Fund Int, BASF Aktiengesellsch, Campbell Soup Co, Cranberry Inst, Danisco USA Inc, DSM Nutr Products Inc, Hills Pet Nutr Inc, Kellogg Co, Natl Fisheries Inst, Solae Co, United Soybean Board C1 Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 134 IS 12 SU S BP 3519S EP 3519S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 880FR UT WOS:000225774900028 ER PT J AU Gong, YY Turner, PC Hounsa, A White, KL Cardwell, KF Egal, S Hall, AJ Wild, CP AF Gong, YY Turner, PC Hounsa, A White, KL Cardwell, KF Egal, S Hall, AJ Wild, CP TI Dietary exposure to human hepatocarcinogens, aflatoxins, micronutrient deficiency, and child growth in Benin, West Africa. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Research Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Cancer CY JUL 15-16, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Inst Canc Res, World Canc Res Fund Int, BASF Aktiengesellsch, Campbell Soup Co, Cranberry Inst, Danisco USA Inc, DSM Nutr Products Inc, Hills Pet Nutr Inc, Kellogg Co, Natl Fisheries Inst, Solae Co, United Soybean Board C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Med, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Mol Epidemiol Unit, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Int Inst Trop Agr, Cotonou, Benin. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. RI Turner, Paul/A-6152-2011; Gong, Yun Yun/L-7094-2016 OI Gong, Yun Yun/0000-0003-4927-5526 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 134 IS 12 SU S BP 3522S EP 3522S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 880FR UT WOS:000225774900036 ER PT J AU Miska, KB Fetterer, RH Barfield, RC AF Miska, KB Fetterer, RH Barfield, RC TI Analysis of transcripts expressed by Eimeria tenella oocysts using subtractive hybridization methods SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; APICOMPLEXA; DISCOVERY; PARASITES; PROTEIN; MAXIMA; INDUCE AB To characterize the genes expressed by Eimeria tenella oocysts, the sequence of 499 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was obtained from complementary DNA (cDNAs) enriched for transcripts expressed by unsporulated or sporulated oocysts. Of these, 225 clones were isolated from cDNA of sporulated oocysts and 274 from unsporulated oocysts. A total of 163 unique sequences were found, and the majority of these (64%) represent novel genes with no significant homology to the proteins in GenBank. Approximately half of the unique transcripts generated from sporulated oocysts are also expressed by sporozoites and merozoites, whereas the expression of most (79%) of the transcripts from unsporulated oocysts has not yet been detected at other stages of development. The expression of 4 transcripts obtained from the subtracted cDNAs was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The results confirmed that these transcripts are in fact differentially expressed between sporulated and unsporulated oocysts. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miska, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 1042 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kmiska@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 18 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1245 EP 1252 DI 10.1645/GE-309R PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 887ZL UT WOS:000226343900010 PM 15715213 ER PT J AU Fetterer, RH Miska, KB Jenkins, MC Barfield, RC AF Fetterer, RH Miska, KB Jenkins, MC Barfield, RC TI A conserved 19-kDa Eimeria tenella antigen is a profilin-like protein SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; GENE-EXPRESSION; COCCIDIOSIS; ACERVULINA; PARASITES; SPOROZOITES; STRATEGIES; PROGRESS; VACCINE; CLONING AB A wide range of recombinant proteins from Eimeria species have been reported to offer some degree of protection against infection and disease, but the specific biological function of these proteins is largely unknown. Previous studies have demonstrated a 19-kDa protein of unknown function designated SZ-1 in sporozoites and merozoites of Eimeria acervulina that can be used to confer partial protection against coccidiosis. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction indicated that the gene for SZ-1 is expressed by all the asexual stages of Eimeria tenella. Rabbit antisera to recombinant SZ-1 recognized an approximately 19-kDa protein from extracts of E. tenella sporozoites, merozoites, sporulated oocysts, and oocysts in various stages of sporulation. Immunofluorescence antibody staining indicated specific staining of E. tenella sporozoites and merozoites. Staining was most intense in the cytoplasm of the posterior end of the parasite. The primary amino acid sequence of the gene for E. tenella SZ-1 deduced from the E. tenella genome indicated a conserved domain for the actin-regulatory protein profilin. A conserved binding site for poly-L-proline (PLP), characteristic of profilin was also observed. SZ-1 was separated from soluble extract of E. tenella proteins by affinity chromatography using a PLP ligand, confirming the ability of SZ-1 to bind PLP SZ-1 also partially inhibited the polymerization of actin. The current results are consistent with the classification of SZ-1 as a profilinrelated protein. C1 USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources INst, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fetterer, RH (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources INst, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfettere@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1321 EP 1328 DI 10.1645/GE-307R PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 887ZL UT WOS:000226343900019 PM 15715222 ER PT J AU Gondim, LFP McAllister, MM Mateus-Pinilla, NE Pitt, WC Mech, LD Nelson, ME AF Gondim, LFP McAllister, MM Mateus-Pinilla, NE Pitt, WC Mech, LD Nelson, ME TI Transmission of Neospora caninum between wild and domestic animals SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; DOGS; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; AMPLIFICATION; COYOTES; OOCYSTS AB To determine whether deer can transmit Neospora caninum, brains of naturally infected white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were fed to 4 dogs; 2 of these dogs shed oocysts. Oocysts from 1 of the dogs were tested by polymerase chain reaction and found to be positive for N. caninum and negative for Hammondia heydorni. The internal transcribed spacer 1 sequence of the new strain (designated NC-deer1) was identical to N. caninum from domestic animals, indicating that N. caninum is transmitted between wild and domestic animals, often enough to prevent divergent evolution of isolated populations of the parasite. NC-deer1 oocysts were administered to a calf that developed a high antibody titer, providing evidence that N. caninum from wildlife can infect cattle. In addition, N. caninum antibody seroprevalence was detected in 64/164 (39%) free-ranging gray wolves (Canis lupus), 12/113 (11%) coyotes (Canis latrans), 50/193 (26%) white-tailed deer, and 8/61 (13%) moose (Alces alces). These data are consistent with a sylvatic transmission cycle of N. caninum between cervids and canids. We speculate that hunting by humans favors the transmission of N. caninum from deer to canids, because deer carcasses are usually eviscerated in the field. Infection of canids in turn increases the risk of transmitting the parasite to domestic livestock. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS WS, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Gondim, LFP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM pita@ufba.br RI McAllister, Milton/C-8146-2013 OI McAllister, Milton/0000-0001-5457-2678 NR 26 TC 59 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1361 EP 1365 DI 10.1645/GE-341R PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 887ZL UT WOS:000226343900026 PM 15715229 ER PT J AU Santin-Duran, M Alunda, JM Hoberg, EP de la Fuente, C AF Santin-Duran, M Alunda, JM Hoberg, EP de la Fuente, C TI Abomasal parasites in wild sympatric cervids, red deer, Cervus elaphus and fallow deer, Dama dama, from three localities across Central and Western Spain: Relationship to host density and park management SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; TELADORSAGIA-CIRCUMCINCTA; OSTERTAGIINAE NEMATODA; RUMINANTS; TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE; POPULATION; BIODIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB A survey of abomasal parasites in cervids from Central Spain was conducted at 3 sites, Quintos de Mora (Toledo), Maluenez de Arriba (Caceres), and La Herguijuela (Caceres). Commonly occurring helminths belonged to 3 polymorphic species of the Ostertagiinae: Spiculopteragia asymmetricals. guadrispiculata, Ostertagia leptospicularislO. kolchida, and O. drozdzilO. ryjikovi. Trichostrongylus axei was found in very few cases. Ostertagia drozdzilO. ryjikovi and the minor male morphotype, S. guadrispiculata, are reported for the first time in red deer from Spain. The 3 ostertagiine species are also reported for the first time in fallow deer from Spain. These 3 species of Ostertagiinae are primarily parasites of cervids, and nematode species characteristic of domestic ruminants were not present. Prevalence of infection by gastrointestinal parasites in cervids was high, ranging from 97.5 to 100%, across the 3 areas sampled. Mean intensity of infection and abundance showed a positive relationship to the population density of red deer. Helminth burdens were higher in fallow deer than in the sympatric red deer and may reflect the gregarious social structure and different foraging patterns of fallow deer. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Vet, Dept Sanidad Anim, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Santin-Duran, M (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Vet, Dept Sanidad Anim, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM cfuente2@vet.ucm.es NR 70 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1378 EP 1386 DI 10.1645/GE-3376 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 887ZL UT WOS:000226343900029 PM 15715232 ER PT J AU Saville, WJA Sofaly, CD Reed, SM Dubey, JP Oglesbee, MJ Lacombe, VA Keene, RO Gugisberg, KM Swensen, SW Shipley, RD Chiang, YW Chu, HJ Ng, T AF Saville, WJA Sofaly, CD Reed, SM Dubey, JP Oglesbee, MJ Lacombe, VA Keene, RO Gugisberg, KM Swensen, SW Shipley, RD Chiang, YW Chu, HJ Ng, T TI An equine protozoal myeloencephalitis challenge model testing a second transport after inoculation with Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION; INTERMEDIATE HOST; NEUROLOGIC-DISEASE; PROCYON-LOTOR; LIFE-CYCLE; INFECTIONS; TRANSMISSION; RACCOONS; SKUNK AB Previous challenge studies performed at Ohio State University involved a transport-stress model where the study animals were dosed with Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts on the day of arrival. This study was to test a second transportation of horses after oral inoculation with S. neurona sporocysts. Horses were assigned randomly to groups: group 1, transported 4 days after inoculation (DAI); group 2, at 11 DAI; group 3, at 18 DAI; and group 4, horses were not transported a second time (controls). An overall neurologic score was determined on the basis of a standard numbering system used by veterinarians. All scores are out of 5, which is the most severely affected animal. The mean score for the group 1 horses was 2.42; group 2 horses was 2.5; group 3 horses was 2.75; and group 4 horses was 3.25. Because the group 4 horses did not have a second transport, they were compared with all other groups. Statistically different scores were present between group 4 and groups 1 and 2. There was no difference in the time of seroconversion between groups. There was a difference between the time of onset of first clinical signs between groups 1 and 4. This difference was likely because of the different examination days. Differences in housing and handling were likely the reason for the differences in severity of clinical signs. This model results in consistent, significant clinical signs in all horses at approximately the same time period after inoculation but was most severe in horses that did not experience a second transport. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Syst Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ft Dodge Anim Hlth, Ft Dodge, IA 50501 USA. RP Saville, WJA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM saville.4@osu.edu RI Lacombe, Veronique/I-6473-2013 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1406 EP 1410 DI 10.1645/GE-128R PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 887ZL UT WOS:000226343900034 PM 15715237 ER PT J AU Saville, WJA Dubey, JP Oglesbee, MJ Sofaly, CD Marsh, AE Elitsur, E Vianna, MC Lindsay, DS Reed, SM AF Saville, WJA Dubey, JP Oglesbee, MJ Sofaly, CD Marsh, AE Elitsur, E Vianna, MC Lindsay, DS Reed, SM TI Experimental infection of ponies with Sarcocystis fayeri and differentiation from Sarcocystis neurona infections in horses SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; ANTIBODIES; SEROPREVALENCE AB Sarcocystis neurona and Sarcocystis fayeri infections are common in horses in the Americas. Their antemortem diagnosis is important because the former causes a neurological disorder in horses, whereas the latter is considered nonpathogenic. There is a concern that equine antibodies to S. fayeri might react with S. neurona antigens in diagnostic tests. In this study, 4 ponies without demonstrable serum antibodies to S. neurona by Western immunoblot were used. Three ponies were fed 1 X 10(5) to 1 X 10(7) sporocysts of S. fayeri obtained from dogs that were fed naturally infected horse muscles. All ponies remained asymptomatic until the termination of the experiment, day 79 postinoculation (PI). All serum samples collected were negative for antibodies to S. neurona using the Western blot at the initial screening, just before inoculation with S. fayeri (day 2) and weekly until day 79 PI. Cerebrospinal fluid samples from each pony were negative for S. neurona antibodies. Using the S. neurona agglutination test, antibodies to S. neurona were not detected in 1:25 dilution of sera from any samples, except that from pony no. 4 on day 28; this pony had received 1 X 10(7) sporocysts. Using indirect immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFATs), 7 serum samples were found to be positive for S. neurona antibodies from 1:25 to 1:400 dilutions. Sarcocystis fayeri sarcocysts were found in striated muscles of all inoculated ponies, with heaviest infections in the tongue. All sarcocysts examined histologically appeared to contain only microcytes. Ultrastructurally, S. fayeri sarcocysts could be differentiated from S. neurona sarcocysts by the microtubules (mt) in villar protrusions on sarcocyst walls; in S. fayeri the mt extended from the villar tips to the pellicle of zoites, whereas in S. neurona the mt were restricted to the middle of the cyst wall. Results indicate that horses with S. fayeri infections may be misdiagnosed as being S. neurona infected using IFAT, and further research is needed on the serologic diagnosis of S. neurona infections. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM saville.4@osu.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1487 EP 1491 DI 10.1645/GE-313 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 887ZL UT WOS:000226343900047 PM 15715250 ER PT J AU Song, WY Kim, HM Hwang, CY Schaad, NW AF Song, WY Kim, HM Hwang, CY Schaad, NW TI Detection of Acidovorax avenae ssp avenae in rice seeds using BIO-PCR SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acidovorax; bacterial stripe; rice; polymerase chain reaction ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA; INTERGENIC SPACER; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SUBSP-CITRULLI; BEAN SEED; PSEUDOMONAS; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCES AB The bacterium, Acidovorax avenae ssp. avenae causes several important plant diseases including bacterial stripe of rice, bacterial stalk rot of corn, bacterial leaf blight of oats, and red stripe of sugarcane and millet. Although the organism is seed-borne in rice, no reliable seed assay is available. A semiselective liquid medium based on D-sorbitol and L-pyroglutamic acid (SP medium), and two sets of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed for use in a BIO-PCR assay for detection of A. avenae ssp. avenae in rice seeds. External primer set, Aaaf3 and Aaar2, and internal primer set, Aaaf5 and Aaar2, designed from a 619 bp fragment of the internal transcribed spacer region of the 16S-23S rDNA of A. avenae ssp. avenae strain CAa4 were specific at the subspecies level. A nested-PCR assay produced the expected DNA product from 58 rice strains tested but not with DNA from 27 strains of A. avenae ssp. avenae from corn and other hosts. Furthermore, the primers failed to amplify a PCR product from two strains of A. avenae ssp. cattleyae, 10 strains of A. avenae ssp. citrulli, or 64 other bacteria. When A. avenae ssp. avenae was enriched prior to PCR by incubating washings of naturally contaminated rice seeds for 12 h in SP liquid medium, populations of the pathogen increased over 1000-fold, whereas populations of saprophytic bacteria remained stable. Populations of the target bacterium routinely reached PCR-detectable levels after seed samples containing as few as 1-2 target cells and up to 10(4) cfu of other bacteria were soaked overnight in phosphate buffer and then enriched for 12 h in SP liquid medium. Assays of 64 naturally infected rice seed samples resulted in 53 being positive by BIO-PCR and 34 by classical PCR. The BIO-PCR assay provides a sensitive, reliable tool for the specific detection of A. avenae ssp. avenae in rice seeds. The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication (or page) is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM schaad@ncifcrf.gov NR 43 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 152 IS 11-12 BP 667 EP 676 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2004.00914.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 878FW UT WOS:000225633100012 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mereado, JD Blumberg, JB AF Ribaya-Mereado, JD Blumberg, JB TI Lutein and zeaxanthin and their potential roles in disease prevention SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Eggs and Human Health CY SEP 23, 2003 CL USDA, Washington, DC SP Amer Egg Board, Egg Nutr Ctr HO USDA DE lutein; zeaxanthin; xanthophylls; carotenoids; age-related macular degeneration; cataract; cancer; heart disease; stroke ID LUNG-CANCER RISK; AGE-RELATED MACULOPATHY; MACULAR PIGMENT DENSITY; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; PLASMA ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; LOS-ANGELES-ATHEROSCLEROSIS; AERODIGESTIVE TRACT CANCER; NUCLEAR LENS OPACITIES; BREAST ADIPOSE-TISSUE AB Lutein and zeaxanthin are xanthophyll carotenoids found particularly in dark-green leafy vegetables and in egg yolks. They are widely distributed in tissues and are the principal carotenoids in the eye lens and macular region of the retina. Epidemiologic studies indicating an inverse relationship between xanthophyll intake or status and both cataract and age-related macular degeneration suggest these compounds can play a protective role in the eye. Some observational studies have also shown these xanthophylls may help reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, particularly those of the breast and lung. Emerging studies suggest as well a potential contribution of totem and zeaxanthin to the prevention of heart disease and stroke. Even as the evidence for a role of lutein and zeaxanthin in disease prevention continues to evolve, particularly from human studies directed to their bioavailability, metabolism, and dose-response relationships with intermediary biomarkers and clinical outcomes, it is worth noting that recommendations to consume foods rich in xanthophylls are consistent with current dietary guidelines. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jeffrey.Blumberg@tufts.edu NR 208 TC 101 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 6 SU S BP 567S EP 587S PG 21 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 890QR UT WOS:000226526400001 PM 15640510 ER PT J AU Miller, RJ Wing, J Cope, SE Klavons, JA Kline, D AF Miller, RJ Wing, J Cope, SE Klavons, JA Kline, D TI Repellency of permethrin-treated battle-dress uniforms during operation tandem thrust 2001 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE personal protective measures; US military; Ross River virus; Australia; Ochlerotatus vigilax ID PROTECTION AB Successful feeding by mosquitoes through permethrin-treated battle-dress uniforms (BDUs) was observed in the Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA), Queensland, Australia, during Operation Tandem Thrust 1997 (TT97). Therefore, during Operation Tandem Thrust 2001, the repellency of permethrin-treated BDUs was evaluated. Washing permethrin-treated BDUs I time reduced the permethrin concentration by 60%, but permethrin concentration was not reduced further after subsequent washings (up to 20 times). The probing time of Ochlerotatus vigilax landing on permethrin-treated BDUs was reduced to the greatest extent on the treated, unwashed uniform (7.5-fold reduction). Treated, washed uniforms also reduced probing time (2.5 times) compared to the untreated control uniform containing no permethrin. Reduced probing time should reduce feeding success and protect operational forces from bothersome mosquitoes and the associated risk of mosquito-borne disease in SWBTA. Observations of successful mosquito feeding made during TT97 could be attributed to the use of old and well-worn BDUs and seasonal differences in mosquito population density. C1 USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Silverdale, WA 98315 USA. Naval Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Miller, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base,Bldg 6419,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 462 EP 464 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 884JD UT WOS:000226080000024 PM 15669394 ER PT J AU Hyten, DL Pantalone, VR Saxton, AM Schmidt, ME Sams, CE AF Hyten, DL Pantalone, VR Saxton, AM Schmidt, ME Sams, CE TI Molecular mapping and identification of soybean fatty acid modifier quantitative trait loci SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE composite interval mapping; FA; quantitative trait loci; soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] ID OIL AB Altering FA content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil for improved functionality is a research goal of many soybean breeders. Several of the genes that alter palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids are modifier genes with small effects, causing these FA traits to act as quantitative traits. The objective of this study was to identify modifier FA quantitative trait loci (QTL) in soybean. A recombinant inbred line population was created from two prominent ancestors of currently available U.S. cultivars (Essex and Williams) and grown in five environments. One hundred simple sequence repeat markers spaced throughout the genome were mapped in this population. QTL were found for all five FA traits on the soybean linkage groups C2, D2, D1b, F, K, and L. A single marker interval on linkage group L contained the largest QTL for palmitic (r(2) = 13.1%), oleic (r(2) = 35.3%), linoleic (r(2) = 50.5%), and linolenic acids (r(2) = 24.8%); however, this interval also contained the gene for growth habit (Dt1) and was significantly associated with maturity. Other modifier QTL found in this study may be of use in marker-assisted selection to enable breeders to increase genetic gains for desirable FA composition of soybean. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Hyten, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soyabean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, Bldg 006,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hytend@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1115 EP 1118 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-1027-z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 892IE UT WOS:000226643000004 ER PT J AU Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Sessa, DJ Mohamed, A AF Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Sessa, DJ Mohamed, A TI Functional properties of soybean and lupin protein concentrates produced by ultrafiltration-diafiltration SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE diafiltration; functional properties; lupin; protein concentrate; protein isolate; soybean; ultrafiltration ID EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; SEED; FRACTIONS; EXTRUSION; ISOLATE AB Ultrafiltration followed by diafiltration (UF-DF) was evaluated for the production of protein products from partially defatted soybean meal or undefatted lupin (Lupinus albus L.2043N) meal. This study determined the effects of UF-DF on functional properties of the extracted proteins and compared the results with those of protein prepared by acid-precipitation (AP). UF-DF produced only protein concentrates (73% crude protein, dry basis, db), while AP produced protein isolates (about 90% crude protein, db). Soybean protein produced by UF-DF showed markedly higher values for solubilities up to pH 7.0, surface hydrophobicity index, emulsion activity index, and foaming capacity than did the AP soybean protein. UF-DF soy protein was also the most heat-stable among all protein samples tested. With lupin proteins, only the surface hydrophobicity and emulsion activity indices were significantly improved by using UF-DF. UF-DF generally had no adverse effects on and in most cases even improved, the functional properties of soy protein concentrate produced by this method. UF-DF did not produce a comparable improvement in functional properties of lupin proteins as it did for soybean protein. C1 USDA ARS, NCAUR, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, NCAUR, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hojilla-Evangelista, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCAUR, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM hojillmp@ncaur.usda.gov NR 20 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1153 EP 1157 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-1033-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 892IE UT WOS:000226643000010 ER PT J AU Gedalof, Z Peterson, DL Mantua, NJ AF Gedalof, Z Peterson, DL Mantua, NJ TI Columbia River flow and drought since 1750 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE drought; climate change; dendrochronology; Columbia River; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; tree rings; paleohydrology ID DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TREE-RING RECONSTRUCTION; PACIFIC NORTH-AMERICA; SUB-ALPINE FIR; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; UNITED-STATES; SPATIAL PATTERNS; WATER-RESOURCES; RADIAL GROWTH; EL-NINO AB A network of 32 drought sensitive tree-ring chronologies is used to reconstruct mean water year flow on the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon, since 1750. The reconstruction explains 30 percent of the variability in mean water year (October to September) flow, with a large portion of unexplained variance caused by underestimates of the most severe low flow events. Residual statistics from the tree-ring reconstruction, as well as an identically specified instrumental reconstruction, exhibit positive trends over time. This finding suggests that the relationship between drought and streamflow has changed over time, supporting results from hydrologic models, which suggest that changes in land cover over the 20th Century have had measurable impacts on runoff production. Low pass filtering the flow record suggests that persistent low flows during the 1840s were probably the most severe of the past 250 years, but that flows during the 1930s were nearly as extreme. The period from 1950 to 1987 is anomalous in the context of this record for having no notable multiyear drought events. A comparison of the flow reconstruction to paleorecords of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) support a strong 20th Century link between large scale circulation and streamflow, but suggests that this link is very weak prior to 1900. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gedalof, Z (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM zgedalof@uoguelph.ca NR 76 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1579 EP 1592 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01607.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 887WI UT WOS:000226335800013 ER PT J AU Coulter, CB Kolka, RK Thompson, JA AF Coulter, CB Kolka, RK Thompson, JA TI Water quality in agricultural, urban, and mixed land use watersheds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water quality; nonpoint source pollution; watershed management; urban development; chemical fluxes; rural watersheds; land use effects ID PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; MOVEMENT; SEDIMENT; CAROLINA; NITRATE; BASINS; VOLUME AB Water quality and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution are important issues in many areas of the world, including the Inner Bluegrass Region of Kentucky where urban development is changing formerly rural watersheds into urban and mixed use watersheds. In watersheds where land use is mixed, the relative contributions of NPS pollution from rural and urban land uses can be difficult to separate. To better understand NPS pollution sources in mixed use watersheds, surface water samples were taken at three sites that varied in land use to examine the effect of land use on water quality. Within the group of three watersheds, one was predominately agriculture (Agricultural), one was predominately urban (Urban), and a third had relatively equal representation of both types of land uses (Mixed). Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, pH, temperature, and streamflow were measured for one year. Comparisons are made among watersheds for concentration and fluxes of water quality parameters. Nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the Agricultural watershed. Total suspended solids, turbidity, temperature, and pH, were found to be generally higher in the Urban and Mixed watersheds. No differences were found for streamflow (per unit area), total phosphorus, and ammonium concentrations among watersheds. Fluxes of orthophosphate were greater in the Agricultural watershed that in the Urban watershed while fluxes of TSS were greater in the Mixed watershed when compared to the Agricultural watershed. Fluxes of nitrate, ammonium, and total phosphorus did not vary among watersheds. It is apparent from the data that Agricultural land uses are generally a greater source of nutrients than the Urban land uses while Urban land uses are generally a greater source of suspended sediment. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Coulter, CB (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM rkolka@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1593 EP 1601 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01608.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 887WI UT WOS:000226335800014 ER PT J AU Robinson, EH Li, MH Manning, BB Mischke, CC Bosworth, BG AF Robinson, EH Li, MH Manning, BB Mischke, CC Bosworth, BG TI Effects of dietary protein and feeding rate on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus production, composition of gain, processing yield, and water quality SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; PRODUCTION PONDS; EARTHEN PONDS; EFFICIENCY AB A 2 x 4 factorial experiment was conducted to examine effects of dietary protein level (28, 32, 36, and 40%) and feeding rate (satiation or less than or equal to 90 kg/ha per d) on production characteristics, processing yield, body composition, and water quality for pond-raised channel catfish Ictalarus punctatus. Fingerling channel catfish with a mean weight of 64 g/fish were stocked into 40 0.04-ha ponds at a rate of 17,290 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation or at a rate of :5 90 kg/ha per d for 134 d during the growing season. Dietary protein concentration had no effect on feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, survival, aeration time, or on fillet moisture, protein, and fat levels. Fish fed to satiation consumed more feed, gained more weight, had a higher feed conversion, and required more aeration time than fish fed a restricted ration. Visceral fat decreased, and fillet yield increased as dietary protein concentration increased to 36%. Carcass yield was lower for fish fed a diet containing 28% protein. Increasing feeding rate increased visceral fat but had no major effect on carcass, fillet, and nugget yields. Fish fed to satiation contained less moisture and more fat in the fillets that those fed a restricted ration. Nitrogenous waste compounds were generally higher where the fish were fed the higher protein diets. Although there was a significant interaction in pond water chemical oxygen demand between dietary protein and feeding rate, generally ponds in the satiation feeding group had higher chemical oxygen demand than ponds in the restricted feeding group. There was a trend that pond water total phosphorus levels were slightly elevated in the satiation feeding group compared to the restricted feeding group. However, pond water soluble reactive phosphorus and chlorophyll-a were not affected by either diet or feeding rate. Results from the present study indicate that a 28% protein diet provides the same level of channel catfish production as a 40% protein diet even when diet is restricted to 90 kg/ha per d. Although there was an increase in nitrogenous wastes in ponds where fish were fed high protein diets, there was little effect on fish production. The long term effects of using high protein diets on water quality are still unclear. Feeding to less than satiety may be beneficial in improving feed efficiency and water quality. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Robinson, EH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, 127 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 468 EP 477 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb00112.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 883RI UT WOS:000226033000006 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ AF Werner, SJ TI Diel foraging behavior of American white pelicans Pelecanus erythrorhynchos on experimental aquaculture ponds SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Videography and night vision equipment were used to observe the diurnal and nocturnal activities of American white pelicans Pelecanus erythrorhynchos (N = 6) foraging on three experimental (0.04 ha) channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture ponds in March 2001. Captive pelicans spent most time foraging per hour from 1700 through 2300 h (CST). No foraging was observed from 0700 through 0800 h. Fish captures per hour were greatest from 1700 through 1900 h. On average, captive pelicans (N = 5) consumed 1.0 +/- 0.2 kg of catfish per bird per day during the 10-d foraging trial. This consumption corresponds with an average intake of over 60,000 kJ of energy per bird during the trial. Relative to morning hours, the average number of bill dips per min was greater during afternoon foraging bouts. Fish captures per bill dip, however, did not differ among trial hours. Thus, pelicans were observed to increase foraging effort subsequent to 1500 h and thereby consumed 224 to 532 catfish (average = 313 +/- 74 fish; N = 4) during the 10-d foraging trial in ponds stocked with approximately 74,000 catfish/ha. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA,Mississippi Field Stn, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 513 EP 517 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb00117.x PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 883RI UT WOS:000226033000011 ER PT J AU Herrero, MV Yarnell, WE Schmidtmann, ET AF Herrero, MV Yarnell, WE Schmidtmann, ET TI Landscape associations of the sand fly, Lutzongia (Heleocyrtomgia) apache (Diptera : Psychodidae), in the southwestern United States: a geographic information system analysis SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sand fly; geographic information system; habitat suitability; range prediction; vesicular stomalitis virus ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS; ABUNDANCE; FLIES AB Landscape associations of the sand fly, Lutzomyia apache, Young and Perkins, in the southwestern U.S. were investigated by light/suction trap sampling and the development of a GIS-generated distribution map. In the mid-Rio Grande River valley, N.M., female and male L. apache were captured in updraft light/suction traps set in desert shrubland, irrigation levee, and bosque vegetation communities. Small numbers of flies were captured, but the presence of males and females in spatially separate and diverse plant communities at two locations Suggest that L. apache are dispersed among available vegetation types. These data, along with 22 previously published collection site records, were used with a suite of physiographic features to characterize the biogeographic conditions suitable for L. apache. Suitable conditions encompass three life zones: the Rocky Mountain steppe province. the Colorado semi-plateau province, and the American semi-desert province. all within the dry domain region of the western U.S. The potential range of L. apache was then estimated based on elevation, mean and max-min temperature. precipitation, wet days, and relative humidity. The estimated range includes large contiguous areas in north-central Colorado, east-central New Mexico and west Texas, the lower mid-Rio Grande River valley. and southern Arizona, along with smaller, patchy, areas in northern Arizona, California, Nevada. Utah. and central Idaho. The spatial relationship between the estimated distribution of L. apache and the location of livestock exposed to vesicular stomatitis virus at the onset of recent outbreaks is presented. C1 Univ Nacl, Serv Vet Med, Herredia, Costa Rica. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Schmidtmann, ET (reprint author), Univ Nacl, Serv Vet Med, Herredia, Costa Rica. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 891OA UT WOS:000226589200001 PM 15707279 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, BM Spielman, A AF Rosenthal, BM Spielman, A TI Reduced variation among northern deer tick populations at an autosomal microsatellite locus SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lyme disease; Ixodes; scapularis; dammini; microsatellite; ticks ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; HUMAN BABESIOSIS; DAMMINI ACARI; IXODIDAE; RICINUS; VECTOR AB To determine whether genes flow freely between populations of the Ixodes ricinus-like ticks of eastern North America, and to determine whether the abundant northerly populations of these vectors of Lyme disease and other zoonotic infections may have arisen recently from a small cohort of ancestral founders, we characterized the nuclear IR27 microsatellite alleles in ticks sampled from the geographic extremes of their ranges. These microsatellite alleles differentiated populations located in the southeastern. northcentral and northeastern United States, respectively. Although evident heterozygous genotypes are about as frequent as would be expected in randomly mating populations, particular microsatellite alleles and diploid genotypes occur more frequently in certain populations than in others. Ticks from the Northeast and upper Midwest are markedly more related to each other than to ticks from the Southeast. Patterns of diversity present in this nuclear microsatellite marker correspond to those evident at a mitochondrial locus and indicate that the deer ticks of the Northeast and upper Midwest are Genetically isolated from those in the Southeast. The Ixodes ricinus-like ticks that impose a public health burden in the northeastern and northcentral United States originated recently in a common founder population. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parastic Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Rosenthal, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parastic Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 227 EP 235 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 891OA UT WOS:000226589200004 PM 15707282 ER PT J AU Allan, SA Kline, D AF Allan, SA Kline, D TI Evaluation of various attributes of gravid female traps for collection of Culex in Florida SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mosquitoes; Culex quinquefasciatus; Culex nigripalpus; gravid trap; West Nile vectors ID ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; INFLUENCING OVIPOSITION; DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; VECTOR COMPETENCE; QUINQUEFASCIATUS; MOSQUITOS; CALIFORNIA; CUES; ATTRACTANTS AB Gravid female traps are used for surveillance of populations of Culex spp. and arboviruses such as West Nile virus. Field trials evaluating various attributes of gravid female traps for collection of gravid Culex were conducted in rural habitats in Alachua and Marion Counties. FL. Screened cage tests in the field were also used to compare trap models. Three trap models were evaluated: two based on the original Reiter design (Gravid CDC traps A and B) and one based on the revised Reiter design (gravid box trap). Trap model significantly affected collection of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex nigripalpus; the greatest numbers were collected by the CDC gravid trap A and CDC gravid trap B traps compared to the gravid box traps. There were no statistically significant differences between the collections with CDC gravid traps A and B. These patterns were similar at both sites and between early and late summer collections in Marion Co. In trials conducted in screened field cages with gravid Cx. quinquefasciatus, significantly more mosquitoes were collected in the CDC gravid trap A and B than in box gravid traps. Size of pan associated with the gravid traps was important and traps with larger pans collected more mosquitoes. Pan color was also important in efficacy of traps, and traps with darker pans (black, green) collected more mosquitoes than traps with lighter pans (tan, white). The percentages of gravid mosquitoes in trap collections of Culex females ranged from 54.0% to 89.6% with no clear differences between model of trap. size of pan, or pan color. Various attributes of gravid female traps impact the efficacy of the traps for Culex spp. and these should be considered in trapping programs. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Allan, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 285 EP 294 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 891OA UT WOS:000226589200010 PM 15707288 ER PT J AU Buntain, B AF Buntain, B TI Emerging challenges in public health protection, food safety, and security: Veterinary needs in the USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB Meeting the needs of public service practice is a responsibility of the veterinary profession. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and inspection Service (FSIS) has undergone significant change since 1996, when the final rule on Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems and its regulations were published in response to food-borne illnesses and deaths due to E. coli O157:H7 in undercooked hamburgers. As a result, the role of the veterinarian is changing from a focus on carcass inspection (reactive) to scientific-based systems analysis and enforcement (preventive). With a large pool of veterinarians eligible to retire, a critical shortage of field veterinarians is predicted. The purpose of this article is to raise educators' awareness of this need, of the competencies required, and of the challenges and opportunities for veterinarians in the new public health-focused FSIS. An invitation to collaborate with the agency is offered to help meet emerging workforce requirements in public health practice. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Field Operat, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Buntain, B (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Field Operat, 1400 Independence Ave,SW,Rm 3159-S, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM bonnie.buntain@fsis.usda.gov NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 4 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.3138/jvme.31.4.334 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 891ZE UT WOS:000226618700005 PM 15551227 ER PT J AU Sedlak, K Bartova, E Literak, I Vodicka, R Dubey, JP AF Sedlak, K Bartova, E Literak, I Vodicka, R Dubey, JP TI Toxoplasmosis in nilgais (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and a saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE abortion; Boselaphus tragocamelus; bovids; PCR; Saiga tatarica; Toxoplasma gondii ID GONDII; INFECTION; PROTOZOAN AB Three captive female nilgais (Boselaphus tragocamelus) either showed late-term abortion or their newborn calves died within 2 days of birth. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was demonstrated in the brain and liver of each fetus and in one of the two neonates by single-stage polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with TGR1E and by seminested PCR with B1 gene. Retrospectively. antibodies titers greater than or equal to640 to T. gondii by indirect fluorescence were found in the sera of all three female and one male nilgais. No other Cause of abortion was detected. Fatal toxoplasmosis was also diagnosed in one captive, adult female saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica). which died suddenly. Toxoplosma gondii was detected in the liver, lung, spleen, kidney, and intestine. An unusual finding was the presence Of numerous tissue cysts in the liver of this animal. Toxoplasmosis was confirmed by PCR with TGR1E and immunohistochemically. Toxoplasmic hepatitis and pneumonia were considered to be the primary causes of death. C1 Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci, Fac Vet Hyg & Ecol, Dept Biol & Wildlife Dis, Brno 61242, Czech Republic. State Vet Inst, Dept Virol & Serol, Prague, Czech Republic. Zool Garden Prague, Prague 17100, Czech Republic. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bartova, E (reprint author), Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci, Fac Vet Hyg & Ecol, Dept Biol & Wildlife Dis, Palackeho 1-3, Brno 61242, Czech Republic. RI Literak, Ivan/H-1652-2014 OI Literak, Ivan/0000-0001-9885-6840 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 530 EP 533 DI 10.1638/02-005.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 889NR UT WOS:000226450200014 PM 15732596 ER PT J AU Wang, H Hondzo, M Stauffer, B Wilson, B AF Wang, H Hondzo, M Stauffer, B Wilson, B TI Phosphorus dynamics in Jessie Lake: Mass flux across the sediment-water interface SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; mobilization; release; sediments; fractionation; flux; internal loading ID RELEASE; PHOSPHATE; ADSORPTION; OXYGEN AB Field and laboratory measurements were conducted to determine phosphorus (P) fluxes at the sediment-water interface in a thermally stratified lake. High energy dissipation rates with oscillatory fluid-flow velocities of +/-0.05m/sec were observed above the sediment-water interface at the depth of 12 m. Although the take exhibits periods with thermal polymixis, dissolved oxygen (DO) usually exhibits a year-to-year summer clinograde DO pattern with anaerobic conditions typically encountered below 5 m to 6 in depth. In 2001, the lake was weakly dimictic with a turbulent benthic boundary layer dominated by anaerobic conditions with a pH range from 7.2 to 8.4. The concentration of P-affinity metals in the sediments ranged from 1.5 to 16.1 mg(.)g(-1), represented by Fe, Al, and Ca. The lake has relatively low P-affinity metal concentrations in the sediments, implying a low holding capacity of P. Phosphorus flux at the sediment-water interface was mediated by DO concentrations in the water column. Under aerobic conditions, no release flux of phosphorus was observed in the water column. Under anaerobic conditions, the measured release flux of P from the sediments to the overlying water was 16.93 mg(.)m(-2.)day(-1). A sediment P dynamic model was used to predict conduct long-term P internal loading in the lake. If organic loading to the lake sediments continues at the rate observed in the recent past, the internal loading of P was predicted to nearly double in the next 30 years. The reduction in the organic loading of 1%, 5%, 10% and 25% will achieve reductions in the P internal loading to 9.7, 3.0, 0.7, and 0 mg(.)m(-2.)day(-1), respectively. Hence, future lake management options may focus on incrementally reducing internally derived P loading that will, in turn, reduce organic loading within Jessie Lake. C1 Metropolitan Council Environm Serv, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. US Forest Serv, Walker, MN USA. Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Metropolitan Council Environm Serv, 230 E 5th St, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 333 EP 346 PG 14 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 889NC UT WOS:000226448700007 ER PT J AU Veiseth, E Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Veiseth, E Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M TI Factors regulating lamb longissimus tenderness are affected by age at slaughter SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calpains; calpastatin; collagen; proteolysis; sarcomere; WBSF ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; SARCOMERE-LENGTH; POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS; OVINE LONGISSIMUS; BOVINE MUSCLE; MU-CALPAIN; CALPASTATIN; GROWTH AB The objective of this experiment was to determine age-related changes in collagen concentration, sarcomere length, calpain (mu- and m-) and calpastatin activities, postmortem proteolysis and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) in ovine longissimus thoracis et lumborum. Rambouillet lambs were slaughtered at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 months of age and samples of longissimus were collected at 0, 2 and 10 days postmortem. Collagen concentration and sarcomere lengths were determined from the cores used for WBSF measurements and reflected changes in the background toughness. Longissimus collagen concentration did not change (P > 0.05) due to lamb age. Sarcomere lengths also showed age-related changes, increasing (P < 0.05) from 1.35 mum at 6 months to 1.48 and 1.55 mum at 8 and 10 months, respectively. The extent of calpain mediated proteolysis determines the improvement in meat tenderness with postmortem storage. The most notable change in the calpain proteolytic system was the decline (P < 0.05) in calpastatin activity from 4.18 to 1.91 U/g muscle between 2 and 10 months. The activity of mu-calpain showed a 16% increase (P < 0.05) from 4 to 6 months, before it dropped again at 8 and 10 months. There was a gradual decline (P < 0.05) in m-calpain activity with age, and by 10 months m-calpain activity had reduced to 80% of 2 months levels. The ratio of mu-calpain to calpastatin activities increased (P < 0.05) from 2 to 6 months (from 0.31 to 0.56) with no further changes (P < 0.05) at 8 or 10 months. There were no age-related changes (P > 0.05) in desmin degradation at day 2, however, examination of day 10 samples showed increased (P < 0.05) degradation from 2 to 6 months. Thus, the changes observed in the ratio of mu-calpain to calpastatin activities are reflected in the extent of postmortem proteolysis. Meat tenderness was measured using WBSF at 2 and 10 days postmortem. Because little proteolysis had taken place at 2 days postmortem, the decline in day 2 WBSF from 6 to 8 months could be explained by changes in sarcomere length. However, at 10 days postmortem, where WBSF was shown to decrease from 2 to 8 months, the improvement in tenderness could be explained by the amount of postmortem proteolysis. The data presented in this paper show evidence that sarcomere length is the main determinant of background toughness in ovine longissimus, and that postmortem proteolysis, resulting from mu-calpain activity regulated by calpastatin, is the main determinant of ovine longissimus tenderization during aging. Thus, lamb longissimus tenderness after refrigerated storage is determined by postmortem proteolysis and its interaction with sarcomere length. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Chem & Biotechnol, N-1432 As, Norway. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Spur 18-D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM koohmaraie@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 635 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.05.015 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 853IV UT WOS:000223821500015 PM 22062540 ER PT J AU Mands, V Kline, DL Blackwell, A AF Mands, V Kline, DL Blackwell, A TI Culicoides midge trap enhancement with animal odour baits in Scotland SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culicoides impunctatus; C. nubeculosus; C. pulicaris; C. vexans; animal odours; attractants; baited traps; biting midges; carbon dioxide; electroantennogram; midge control; Mosquito Magnet (R); octenol; odour baits; removal trapping; Scotland ID SCOTTISH BITING MIDGE; IMPUNCTATUS GOETGHEBUER; DIPTERA; CERATOPOGONIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; FIELD; NUBECULOSUS; ATTRACTANT; BLOODMEALS AB Examples of the commercial trap Mosquito Magnet(R) Pro(TM) (MMP emitting attractant 1-octen-3-ol in carbon dioxide 5 1 00 mL/min generated from propane fuel), were run 24 h/day on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, during June-August 2001 and evaluated for catching Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). From 30 days trapping, the catch averaged 2626 1358 Culicoides females/trap/day (mean SE, range 558 139 to 6088 3597, for five sets of six consecutive nights), predominantly the pest Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer (68% overall), plus C. vexans (Staeger) > C. delta Edwards > C. pulicaris (L.) > C. lupicaris Downs & Kettle > C. albicans (Winnertz) > other Culicoides spp. Attempts were made to enhance the odour baiting system by adding hexane-extracts (2.1 mg/day) of hair samples from large host animals, resulting in the following effects on Culicoides collections: sheep - 53 %, red deer - 26 %, calf + 20%, pony + 40%, water buffalo + 262%, with greatest increases for C. impunctatus and C. pulicaris. Serial concentrations of these animal extracts (10(-1) - 10(-3) x 2.2 g/mL) were assayed on parous female C. impunctatus response in a Y-tube olfactometer (airflow 150 mL/min), and by electroantennogram (EAG) on Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen laboratory-reared parous females. Positive behavioural responses to host odours were dose-dependent: the water buffalo extract being most active (threshold 0.22 g/mL), similar to deer, whereas other host extracts were greater than or equal to 10-fold less active. Correspondingly, the EAG threshold was lowest for water buffalo, 10-fold greater for deer, calf and pony, but not detected for sheep. If the active component(s) of these host extracts can be identified and synthesized, they might be employed to improve the capture of Culicoides midges for local control by removal trapping. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Trop Vet Med, Easter Bush Vet Ctr, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Blackwell, A (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Trop Vet Med, Easter Bush Vet Ctr, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. EM alison.blackwell@ed.ac.uk NR 35 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.1111/j.0269-283X.2004.00516.x PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 881LN UT WOS:000225869100004 PM 15641999 ER PT J AU Davelos, AL Xiao, K Samac, DA Martin, AP Kinkel, LL AF Davelos, AL Xiao, K Samac, DA Martin, AP Kinkel, LL TI Spatial variation in Streptomyces genetic composition and diversity in a prairie soil SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SECONDARY METABOLITES; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-PALUSTRIS; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS; CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PHYLOGENETIC TREES AB Understanding how microbial genotypes are arrayed in space is crucial for identifying local factors that may influence the spatial distribution of genetic diversity. In this study we investigated variation in 16S rDNA sequences and rep-PCR fingerprints of Streptomyces stains isolated from prairie soil among three locations and four soil depths. Substantial variation in Streptomyces OTU (operational taxonomic unit) and BOX-PCR fingerprint diversity was found among locations within a limited spatial area (1 m(2)). Further, phylogenetic lineages at each location were distinct. However, there was little variation in genetic diversity among isolates from different soil depths and similar phylogenetic lineages were found at each depth. Some clones were found at a localized scale while other clones had a relatively widespread distribution. There was poor correspondence between 16S rDNA groupings and rep-PCR fingerprint groupings. The finding of distinct phylogenetic lineages and the variation in spatial distribution of clones suggests that selection pressures may vary over the soil landscape. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Epo Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Davelos, AL (reprint author), Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, 1201 W Univ Dr, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM davelos@utpa.edu NR 75 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 4 BP 601 EP 612 DI 10.1007/s00248-004-0031-9 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 894ZG UT WOS:000226829500016 PM 15696393 ER PT J AU Darwish, AM Ismaiel, AA Newton, JC Tang, J AF Darwish, AM Ismaiel, AA Newton, JC Tang, J TI Identification of Flavobacterium columnare by a species-specific polymerase chain reaction and renaming of ATCC43622 strain to Flavobacterium johnsoniae SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium columnare; Flavobacterium johnsoniae; diagnostics; PCR; columnaris ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; MARITIMUS; PATHOGEN; DNA AB Species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers have been designed to identify the causative agent of columnaris disease, Flavobacterium columnare. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of F. columnare (eight sequences representing the different genotypes of the species) and related species (18 sequences) were aligned and compared to choose specific regions that are unique to F. columnare and do not have significant intraspecies variability. The species-specific regions in the 16S rRNA gene were used to design a pair of species-specific PCR primers, ColF and ColR. The PCR technique produced a specific amplicon of about 675 base pairs (bp) in 27 isolates of F. columnare and there was no amplification in the closely related species. The specificity of the amplified product was confirmed by digesting with Mal. The PCR primers did not produce a 675 bp product with F. columnare ATCC43622 strain. This ATCC43622 strain was characterized by biochemical and ribotyping methods and renamed Flavobacterium johnsoniae. The American Type Culture Collection has confirmed these findings and made the change. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Agr Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Agr Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM adarwish@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 6 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2004.07.002 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 867OO UT WOS:000224852100009 PM 15488382 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Sappington, TW AF Kim, KS Sappington, TW TI Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the boll weevil/Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis; Boll weevil; microsatellites; molecular markers; population genetics AB The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) is a major insect pest of cotton in North America. Dispersal activity poses a threat to ongoing eradication efforts in the US, but little is known about the frequency of long-distance migration. Nuclear molecular markers are needed to assess gene flow in relation to geographical distance. A biotin-enrichment strategy was employed to develop microsatellite markers for the boll weevil. Of 23 loci isolated, 14 were polymorphic with three to 10 alleles per locus. Twelve of the polymorphic loci showed Mendelian inheritance and are likely to be useful in population genetics studies. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 6 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 701 EP 703 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00765.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 876KV UT WOS:000225496600052 ER PT J AU Pereyra, RT Saillant, E Pruett, CL Rexroad, CE Rocha-Olivares, A Gold, AR AF Pereyra, RT Saillant, E Pruett, CL Rexroad, CE Rocha-Olivares, A Gold, AR TI Characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in the Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax sagax (Clupeidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE genomic library; marine fish; microsatellites; Pacific sardine; PCR primers ID VARIABILITY AB We isolated 11 microsatellites from the Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax sagax. The number of alleles and H-E among 30 individuals from a single population ranged from four to 24 and from 0.606 to 0.959, respectively. Pacific sardines are a vital economic resource in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, but insufficiently polymorphic loci have limited inferences about its stock structure and genetic variation. The level of variability of these new markers will prove useful in testing hypotheses on the stock-structure and long-term genetic integrity of the species. C1 CICESE, Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cold & Cool Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Rocha-Olivares, A (reprint author), CICESE, Dept Oceanog Biol, Carr Tijuana Ensenada Km 107, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. EM arocha@cicese.mx RI Pereyra, Ricardo/B-8977-2013; Rocha-Olivares, Axayacatl/A-9832-2008 OI Pereyra, Ricardo/0000-0002-9635-5433; Rocha-Olivares, Axayacatl/0000-0002-2700-9086 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 739 EP 741 DI 10.1111/j.1474-8286.2004.00801.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 876KV UT WOS:000225496600065 ER PT J AU Robertson, AE Wechter, WP Denny, TP Fortnum, BA Kluepfel, DA AF Robertson, AE Wechter, WP Denny, TP Fortnum, BA Kluepfel, DA TI Relationship between avirulence gene (avrA) diversity in Ralstonia solanacearum and bacterial Wilt incidence SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE insertion sequence ID PATHOGEN PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; CAMPESTRIS PV VESICATORIA; BURKHOLDERIA-SOLANACEARUM; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; INSERTION SEQUENCES; EFFECTOR PROTEINS; SECRETION SYSTEM; MOBILE ELEMENTS; DNA TRANSPOSON; PLANT-DISEASE AB Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a serious disease of tobacco in North and South Carolina. In contrast, the disease rarely occurs on tobacco in Georgia and Florida, although bacterial wilt is a common problem on tomato. We investigated whether this difference in disease incidence could be explained by qualitative characteristics of avirulence gene avrA in the R. solanacearum population in the southeastern United States. Sequence analysis established that wild-type avrA has a 792-bp open reading frame. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of avrA from 139 R. solanacearum strains generated either 792-bp or approximate to960-bp DNA fragments. Strains that elicited a hypersensitive reaction (HR) on tobacco contained the 792-bp allele, and were pathogenic on tomato and avirulent on tobacco. All HR-negative strains generated a approximate to960-bp DNA fragment, and wilted both tomato and tobacco. The DNA sequence of avrA in six HR-negative strains revealed the presence of one of two putative miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs): a 152-bp MITE between nucleotides 542 and 543, or a 170-bp MITE between nucleotides 461 and 462 or 574 and 575. Southern analysis suggested that the 170-bp MITE is unique to strains from the southeastern United States and the Caribbean. Mutated avrA allelles were present in strains from 96 and 75% of North and South Carolina sites, respectively, and only in 13 and 0% of the sites in Georgia and Florida, respectively. Introduction of the wildtype allele on a plasmid into four HR-negative strains reduced their virulence on both tobacco and tomato. Inactivation of avrA in an HR-positive, avirulent strain, resulted in a mutant that was weakly virulent on tobacco. Thus, the incidence of bacterial wilt of tobacco in the southeastern United States is partially explained by which avrA allele dominates the local R. solanacearum population. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. RP Kluepfel, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dakluepfel@ucdavis.edu OI Robertson, Alison/0000-0003-4281-6350 NR 59 TC 21 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1376 EP 1384 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.12.1376 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 873CE UT WOS:000225255700010 PM 15597743 ER PT J AU Lahey, KA Yuan, RC Burns, JK Ueng, PP Timmer, LW Chung, KR AF Lahey, KA Yuan, RC Burns, JK Ueng, PP Timmer, LW Chung, KR TI Induction of phytohormones and differential gene expression in citrus flowers infected by the fungas Colletotrichum acutatum SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE abscission; sweet orange ID POSTBLOOM FRUIT DROP; JASMONIC ACID; LIME ANTHRACNOSE; SALICYLIC-ACID; MESSENGER-RNA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ABIOTIC STRESS; WOUND RESPONSE; ABSCISIC-ACID; TOMATO LEAVES AB Colletotrichum acutatum infects citrus petals and induces premature fruit drop and the formation of persistent calyces. The accumulation of hormones and other growth regulators, and differential gene expression in affected flowers and young fruit, was examined following fungal infection. Ethylene evolution increased threefold and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation was as much as 140 times. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels showed no significant response. After infection, both trans- and cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid increased 8- to 10-fold. No significant difference of transjasmonic acid (JA) was observed in citrus flower petals or pistils. However, a fivefold increase of cis-JA was detected. The amount of salicylic acid (SA) was elevated twofold in affected petals, but not in pistils. Northern blot analyses revealed that the genes encoding ACC oxidase or ACC synthase, and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (12-oxo-PDA) reductase, were highly expressed in affected flowers. The genes encoding auxin-related proteins also were upregulated. Application of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-propionic acid (clofibrate; a putative auxin inhibitor), 2,3,5-triiodobenzolic acid (an auxin transport inhibitor), or SA after inoculation significantly decreased the accumulation of the gene transcripts of auxin-responsive, GH3-like protein and 12-oxo-PDA reductase, but resulted in higher percentages of young fruit retention. The results indicate that imbalance of IAA, ethylene, and JA in C. acutatum-infected flowers may be involved in symptom development and young fruit drop. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chung, KR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM krchung@crec.ifas.ufl.edu NR 57 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1394 EP 1401 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.12.1394 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 873CE UT WOS:000225255700012 PM 15597745 ER PT J AU Vernes, K Johnson, CN Castellano, MA AF Vernes, K Johnson, CN Castellano, MA TI Fire-related changes in biomass of hypogeous sporocarps at foraging points used by a tropical mycophagous marsupial SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BETTONG BETTONGIA-TROPICA; LONG-NOSED POTOROO; TRUFFLE-LIKE FUNGI; TASMANIAN BETTONG; NORTHERN BETTONG; SOUTHWESTERN VICTORIA; HOME-RANGE; AUSTRALIA; GAIMARDI; FOREST AB Changes in pre- and post-fire biomass of hypogeous fungal sporocarps remaining at locations where an endangered mycophagous marsupial, the northern bettong (Bettongia tropica), had foraged, were assessed in fire-prone sclerophyll forest in northeastern Australia. Low to medium intensity experimental fires were set during the late dry season in 1995 and 1996 and post-foraging biomass of sporocarps (expressed as biomass of sporocarps remaining at recent B. tropica diggings) was measured at unburnt and burnt sites at approximately six-week intervals for a period of 14 months. Post-foraging biomass was significantly higher at burnt sites immediately following fire compared with control sites, solely due to increased biomass of hypogeous species belonging to the family Mesophelliaceae. Several months after fire, post-foraging biomass was significantly higher on unburnt sites compared with very low biomass on burnt sites. Twelve months after fire, the biomass on burnt and unburnt sites was not significantly different, having returned to biomass observed pre-fire. All evidence points toward mesophellioid fungi being greatly more available to bettongs on recently burnt ground, but fire may make several other sporocarp taxa considerably less available several months following fire. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Vernes, K (reprint author), Univ New England, Sch Environm Sci & Nat Resources Management, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. EM kvernes@pobox.une.edu.au RI Vernes, Karl/A-2925-2011; Management, Ecosystem/C-2259-2011; Johnson, Chris/A-7275-2008; Johnson, Christopher/J-7894-2014 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0002-9719-3771 NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 108 BP 1438 EP 1446 DI 10.1017/S0953756204000048 PN 12 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 896PN UT WOS:000226946100009 PM 15757180 ER PT J AU Assuncao, MS Atibalentja, N Noel, GR AF Assuncao, MS Atibalentja, N Noel, GR TI Soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, resistance genes in PI 89772 and PI 209332 soybean SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE environmental effects; epistasis; genetics; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; maternal inheritance; resistance; resistance genes; soybean; soybean cyst nematode ID PLANT INTRODUCTIONS; MARKERS; RACE-3; INHERITANCE; GENOME; POPULATIONS; SCHEME; LOCUS; RHG4 AB The number of resistance genes in PI 89772 and PI 209332 conferring resistance to H. glycines race 3 is not well defined. Crosses of PI 89772 X 'Lee 68', PI 88788 X PI 89772, and 'Lee 68' X PI 209332 were made in the field and greenhouse. Several F, and F 2 families from each cross, 98 F, families from cross PI 89772 X 'Lee 68', 74 F-3 families from cross PI 88788 x PI 89772, and 80 F-3 families from cross 'Lee 68' X PI 209332 were tested with an inbred line of H. glycines developed on PI 88788 to determine the level and inheritance of resistance. Approximately 8,000 individual plants growing in pots containing 200 cm(3) of sterilized sand were inoculated with 4,000 eggs and J2/pot. Thirty days after inoculation the number of females that developed on each plant was determined. Cluster analysis revealed sets of families with a low mean number of females and low variance, intermediate means and high variance, and high means with a low variance, indicating F, plants came from, respectively, homozygous resistant, heterozygous or segregating, and homozygous susceptible F, plants. Thus, resistance classes were considered as quantitative parameters having different levels of resistance as opposed to only two classes, either resistant or susceptible. Chi-square analysis of segregation of phenotypic data indicated two genes confer resistance to race 3 of H. glycines. The three H. glycines-resistant parents have at least two genes that express resistance to H. glycines. One gene acts as a major gene (Rhg(x)) and the other a minor gene (Rhg(gamma)) in conferring resistance of the parents PI 89772 (Rhg(x17)Rhg(x17)Rhg(y17)Rhg(y17)), PI 88788 (Rhg(x27)Rhg(x27)Rhg(y27), Rhg(y27)), and PI 209332 (Rhg(x37)Rhg(x37)Rhg(y37)Rhg(y37)) to H. glycines race I The same genes may occur in PI 209332 as in PI 89772, but support for this hypothesis must be obtained by studying the cross PI 209332 X PI 89772. The same major (Rhg(x)) and minor (Rhg(y)) genes occur in PI 89772 (Rhg(x17)Rhg(x17)Rhg(y17)Rhg(y17)) and PI 88788 (Rhg(x27)Rhg(x27)Rhg(y27)Rhg(y27)). The phenotypic ratios obtained in this research indicate that epistasis occurs between gene Rhg(x) and gene Rhg(y). Results from this analysis indicated that the sensitivity of resistant genotypes to the environment is different from that of susceptible genotypes. In addition, a maternal effect was found for the inheritance of resistance of PI 88788 to H. glycines race 3, but not for PI 89772. C1 EMBRAPA, Goainia, Go, Brazil. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Assuncao, MS (reprint author), EMBRAPA, Goainia, Go, Brazil. EM g-noell@uiuc.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 2 BP 165 EP 181 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 944MP UT WOS:000230433400003 ER PT J AU Walters, SA Bond, JP Babadoost, M Edwards, DI Handoo, ZA AF Walters, SA Bond, JP Babadoost, M Edwards, DI Handoo, ZA TI Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with horseradish in Illinois SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE Armoracia rusticana; Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus; Hoplolaimus galeatus; horseradish; Meloidogyne spp.; Paratylenchus projectus; Pratylenchus sefaensis; Quinisulcius acutus; survey; Tylenchorhynchus annulatus; Xiphinema americanum ID DIAGNOSTIC COMPENDIUM; KEY; REVISION AB Eight genera of plant-parasitic nematodes (with seven identified to species) were identified from Illinois horseradish production fields in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2003 and included Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Meloidogyne spp., Paratylenchus projectus, Pratylenchus sefaensis, Quinisulcius acutus, Tylenchorhynchus annulatus, and Xiphinema americanum. Pratylenchus sefaensis is reported in Illinois for the first time. Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, P. sefaensis, T annulatus, and X americanum are the most prevalent plant-parasitic nematodes associated with horseradish in southern Illinois at the present time, as these nematodes respectively occurred in 70%, 63%, 56%, and 39% of samples collected from horseradish fields during the four growing seasons. Other nematode genera identified usually occurred at low population densities. There are no established damage threshold levels for plant-parasitic nematodes in horseradish, but it appears that population densities are currently not high enough to be considered a threat to horseradish production in Illinois. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Agr Syst, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Plant Sci Inst,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Walters, SA (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Agr Syst, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 2 BP 191 EP 197 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 944MP UT WOS:000230433400005 ER EF