FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Gwin, KK Wallingford, KM Morata, TC Van Campen, LE Dallaire, J Alvarez, FJ AF Gwin, KK Wallingford, KM Morata, TC Van Campen, LE Dallaire, J Alvarez, FJ TI Ototoxic occupational exposures for a stock car racing team: II. Chemical surveys SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE automobile racing; professional stock car racing; race shop; racetrack; carbon monoxide; CO; lead; organic compounds; solvents AB The National Institute for Occupational Sa ty, and Health (NIOSH) conducted a series of surveys to evaluate occupational exposure to noise and potentially ototoxic chemical agents among members of a professional stock car racing team. Exposure assessments included site visits to the team's race shop and a worst-case scenario racetrack. During site visits to the race team's shop, area samples were collected to measure exposures to potentially ototoxic chemicals, including, organic compounds (typical of solvents), metals, and carbon monoxide (CO). Exposures to these chemicals were all below their corresponding Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limits (PELs), NIOSH recommended exposure limits (RELs), and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists values (TLVs (R)). During site visits to the racetrack, area and personal samples were collected for organic compounds, lead, and CO in and around the "pit " area where the cars undergo race preparation and service during the race. Exposures to organic compounds and lead were either nondetectable or too low to quantify. Twenty-five percent of the CO time-weighted average concentrations exceeded the OSHA PEL, NIOSH REL, and ACGIH TLV after being adjusted,for a 10-hour workday. Peak CO measurements exceeded the NIOSH recommended ceiling limit of 200 ppm. Based on these data, exposures to potentially ototoxic chemicals are probably not high enough to produce an adverse effect greater than that produced by v the high sound pressure levels alone. However, carbon monoxide levels occasionally exceeded all evaluation criteria at the racetrack. C1 NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Div Surveillance, Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Human Performance Int Inc, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Gwin, KK (reprint author), Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Environm Hlth & Safety Branch, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD USA. EM kristin.gwin@fsis.usda.gov RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 2 IS 8 BP 406 EP 413 DI 10.1080/15459620500203798 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 952WE UT WOS:000231035600006 PM 16009649 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lopez, B Alvarez, M Mendoza, C Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Lopez, B Alvarez, M Mendoza, C Lehmann, T TI Isolation, tissue distribution, and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens from Guatemala SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; BRAZIL; CATS; GENOTYPE; INFECTIONS; OOCYSTS; DISEASE; PARANA; SHEEP AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T gondii in 50 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Guatemala was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies were found in 37 (74%) chickens with titers of 1:5 (11), 1:10 (7), 1:20 (11), 1:40 (1), 1:80 (1), 1:160 (3), 1:1,280 (2). and 1:2,560 (1). Hearts, pectoral muscles, and brains of 19 chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or more were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissues from the remaining 31 chickens with titers of 1:10 or lower were pooled and fed to 4 T. gondii-free cats (13 chickens with titers of less than 1:5 to 1 cat, 11 chickens with titers of 1:5 to 2 cats, and 7 chickens with titers of 1:10 to 1 cat). Feces of cats were examined for oocysts: they did not shed oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 8 chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or more (from 1 of 11 chickens with a titer of 1:20 and all 7 chickens with a titer of 1:80 or more) from the heart. brain, and pectoral muscle (3); heart and pectoral muscle (1); and heart alone (4). Genotyping of these 8 isolates with the SAG2 locus indicated that 5 were type III and 3 were type I. This is the first report of isolation of T gondii from chickens from Guatemala. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anin Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Estudios Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anin Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 91 IS 4 BP 955 EP 957 DI 10.1645/GE-493R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 963OS UT WOS:000231814200039 PM 17089774 ER PT J AU Dugan, FM Lupien, SL Hernandez-Bello, M Peever, TL Chen, W AF Dugan, FM Lupien, SL Hernandez-Bello, M Peever, TL Chen, W TI Fungi resident in chickpea debris and their suppression of growth and reproduction of Didymella rabiei under laboratory conditions SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ascochyta rabiei; Aureobasidium pullulans; biological control; Cicer arietinum; Clonostachys rosea ID ROSEA STRAIN ACM941; ROOT-ROT COMPLEX; AUREOBASIDIUM-PULLULANS; ASCOCHYTA-RABIEI; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ALTERNARIA THEMES; POSTHARVEST PATHOGENS; FIELD PEA AB Fungi colonizing senescent chickpea (Cicer arietinum) stems and postharvest debris from Pullman, WA, were enumerated and identified with the objective of finding species potentially useful for biological control of Didymella rabiei (conidial state = Ascochyta rabiei), causal agent of Ascochyta blight. In addition to D. rabiei, primary colonizers were, in order of decreasing abundance, Alternaria tenuissima, Al. infectoria, Ulocladium consortiale, Epicoccum purpurascens, U. atrum and Fusarium pseudograminearum. Present at lower frequencies were Al. malorum, Cladosporium herbarum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Clonostachys rosea and miscellaneous anamorphic ascomycetes. On agar media and autoclaved chickpea stems, Au. pullulans consistently grew faster than As. rabiei, and excluded As. rabiei from the substrate. When stems received prior inoculation with Au. pullulans or Cl. rosea, followed by inoculation with compatible mating types of D. rabiei, formation of pseudothecia and pycnidia of D. rabiei was suppressed. Results suggest that Au. pullulans and Cl. rosea can inhibit As. rabiei and its sexual stage, D. rabiei, on chickpea debris. Clonostachys rosea formed appressoria on, then invaded,hyphae of D. rabiei. Small-scale field experiments using Au. pullulans and Cl. rosea have been initiated. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Dugan, FM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM fdugan@mail.wsu.edu NR 71 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 153 IS 7-8 BP 431 EP 439 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.00996.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 946VU UT WOS:000230602200008 ER PT J AU Barta, TM Willis, DK AF Barta, TM Willis, DK TI Biological and molecular evidence that Pseudomonas syringae pathovars coronafaciens, striafaciens and garcae are likely the same pathovar SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tabtoxin; Pseudomonas syringae; oats ID HALO-BLIGHT; PV SYRINGAE; WILD RICE; DNA; OATS; IDENTIFICATION; XANTHOMONAS; TAXONOMY; CLONING; COFFEE AB Using a combination of physiological tests, molecular analysis and assays, we investigated the taxonomic relationship among the oat pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens (halo blight) and P. syringae pv. striafaciens (bacterial stripe) and the coffee pathogen P. syringae pv. garcae (bacterial blight). Pseudomonas syringae pvs coronafaciens and garcae produce tabtoxin while P. syringae pv. striafaciens is tabtoxin-deficient. Physiological tests did not show significant differences among these three pathovars (pvs). Analysis using DNA 'fingerprint' and Southern blot analysis revealed that P. syringae pvs coronafaciens, striafaciens and garcae are molecularly very similar except that pv. striafaciens appears to have lost part or all of the tabtoxin biosynthetic region. Significantly, P. syringae pv. garcae was pathogenic on oat leaves and indistinguishable from P. syringae pv. coronafaciens in our laboratory assays. Introduction of tabtoxin biosynthetic region contained on the cosmid pRTBL823 resulted in tabtoxin production by P. syringae pv. striafaciens and the production of lesions on oat leaves that were indistinguishable for those caused by P. syringae pv. coronafaciens. Taken together, our data strongly suggests that the P. syringae pvs coronafaciens, striafaciens and garcae are taxonomically redundant. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Willis, DK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dkwillis@wisc.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 153 IS 7-8 BP 492 EP 499 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.01008.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 946VU UT WOS:000230602200017 ER PT J AU Canning, P Wang, Z AF Canning, P Wang, Z TI A flexible mathematical programming model to estimate interregional input-output accounts SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MATRICES; CONSTRUCTION; TABLES AB This study implements and tests a mathematical programming model to estimate interregional, interindustry transaction flows in a national system of economic regions based on an interregional accounting framework and initial information of interregional shipments. A national input-output (IO) table, regional data on gross output, value-added, exports, imports, and final demand at sector level are used as inputs to generate an interregional IO account that reconciles regional economic statistics and interregional transaction data. The model is tested using data from a multiregional global IO database and shows remarkable capacity to discover true interregional trade patterns from highly distorted initial estimates. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. US Dept Commerce, Bur Econ Anal, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Canning, P (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM pcanning@ers.usda.gov; zhi.wang@bea.gov NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 BP 539 EP 563 DI 10.1111/j.0022-4146.2005.00383.x PG 25 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 947GY UT WOS:000230632600004 ER PT J AU Olsen, IE Richardson, DK Schmid, CH Ausman, LM Dwyer, JT AF Olsen, IE Richardson, DK Schmid, CH Ausman, LM Dwyer, JT TI Dietitian involvement in the neonatal intensive care unit: More is better SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; NUTRITION; PROTEIN; GROWTH AB Objective Describe the level of registered dietitian (RD) involvement in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and associations with NICU nutrition practices. Design Questionnaires were mailed to 820 NICUs in the United States with two follow-up mailings to nonresponders. Abbreviated phone surveys were conducted with a random sample of 10% of nonresponders. A nutrition care score was devised based on a sum of 10 survey questions (range 0 to 10) to summarize the intensity of reported practices. Subjects/setting Directors of NICUs in the United States and RDs associated with them. Statistical analyses chi(2), analysis of variance, Bonferroni and Duncan multiple range tests, regression. Results Respondents from 417 (54%) of the 772 NICUs-eligible for the study provided completed questionnaires. Among NICUs responding, 76% involved RDs in care (41% employed full- or part-time RDs, 35% employed consult RDs), and 24% had no RD. NICUs with full- or part-time RDs provided fewer kilocalories and more protein parenterally, and more kilocalories and protein enterally. NICUs with less RD involvement were more likely to provide full-term infant feedings (eg, unfortified breast milk, full-term formula) to very-low-birth-weight infants. Mean nutrition care score varied with RD involvement from 4.6 +/- 1.7 (mean +/- standard deviation) for NICUs with a consult RD and 4.7 +/- 1.4 for NICUs employing no RD to 5.6 +/- 1.7 for NICUs with a full- or part-time RD (overall P <.001). Conclusions More involvement of RDs in NICUs increased the intensity of important aspects of nutrition care that may improve outcomes of very-low-birth-weight infants in NICUs. These findings highlight the importance of RDs as NICU team members. C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Div Neonatol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Neonatol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr Human Nutr Res, Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Olsen, IE (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, MLC 5041,3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM ieolsen@yahoo.com OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769; Schmid, Christopher/0000-0002-0855-5313 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1224 EP 1230 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2005.05.012 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 953JC UT WOS:000231071400016 PM 16182638 ER PT J AU Guenther, PM Jensen, HH Batres-Marquez, P Chen, CF AF Guenther, PM Jensen, HH Batres-Marquez, P Chen, CF TI Sociodemographic, knowledge, and attitudinal factors related to meat consumption in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SATURATED FAT INTAKE AB Objective To provide information about meat consumption and factors that explain differences among subpopulations, and to evaluate how knowledge and attitudes about nutrition and awareness of diet and health influence meat consumption. Design The 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals provided two nonconsecutive 24-hour recalls. The Diet and Health Knowledge Survey was administered at least 1 week after the last 24-hour recall. Meat subgroups (chicken, beef, pork, and processed pork products) were calculated from Food Guide Pyramid meat groups by using recipe ingredients. Subjects The study sample included 4,802 children and 9,460 adults from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and 5,649 adults from the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. Statistics Weighted percentages and means described the food intake and self-assessed dietary characteristics. Relationships among types of meat intake, dietary characteristics, and demographics were evaluated using a two-stage, multivariate regression model. Results Individuals in higher income households consumed relatively more chicken; those in low-income households consumed more processed pork products. Those consuming no beef and smaller amounts of chicken had the lowest discretionary fat intakes. Beef and pork consumers were more likely to think that their diets were too high in fat, but less likely to believe it is important to eat a low-fat diet. Region of residence affected the probability of consuming most meats. Having a high level of education was associated with a lower likelihood of consuming beef and pork. Conclusions Sociodemographic factors are strong predictors of the probability of choosing particular types of meat and of the amounts eaten. Knowledge and attitudes about diet and meat products also influence choices. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Jensen, HH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Heady Hall,Room 578, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hhjensen@iastate.edu OI Jensen, Helen/0000-0001-6878-1729 NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1266 EP 1274 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2005.05.014 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 953JC UT WOS:000231071400022 PM 16182644 ER PT J AU Wyatt, VT Hess, MA Dunn, RO Foglia, TA Haas, MJ Marmer, WN AF Wyatt, VT Hess, MA Dunn, RO Foglia, TA Haas, MJ Marmer, WN TI Fuel properties and nitrogen oxide emission levels of biodiesel produced from animal fats SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE alkyl ester; biodiesel; chicken fat; cloud point; cold filter plugging point; high-frequency reciprocating rig; lard; NOx emissions; oxidation stability; tallow ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; DIESEL-ENGINES; VEGETABLE-OILS; BEEF TALLOW; ESTERS; GREASE; TRANSESTERIFICATION; METHYL; ETHYL AB FAME of lard, beef tallow, and chicken fat were prepared by base-catalyzed transesterification for use as biodiesel fuels. Selected fuel properties of the neat fat-derived methyl esters (B 100) were determined and found to meet ASTM specifications. The cold-flow properties, lubricity, and oxidative stability of the B 100 fat-derived fuels also were measured. In general, the cold-flow properties of the fat-based fuels were less desirable than those of soy-based biodiesel, but the lubricity and oxidative stability of the fat-based biodiesels were comparable to or better than soy-based biodiesel. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission tests also were conducted with the animal fat-derived esters and compared with soybean oil biodiesel as 20 vol% blends (1320) in petroleum diesel. The data indicated that the three animal fat-based B20 fuels had lower NOx emission levels (3.2-6.2%) than did the soy-based B20 fuel. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Wyatt, VT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vwyatt@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 8 BP 585 EP 591 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1113-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 966AL UT WOS:000231991900007 ER PT J AU Johnston, DB McAloon, AJ Moreau, RA Hicks, KB Singh, V AF Johnston, DB McAloon, AJ Moreau, RA Hicks, KB Singh, V TI Composition and economic comparison of germ fractions from modified corn processing technologies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE co-product; corn; ethanol process economics; germ; germ quality; maize; milling; oil; process; value ID TIME AB Several new processes for milling corn have been developed recently specifically to isolate germ as a value-added co-product and improve the profitability of dry-grind ethanol production. The present work used modified and conventional corn milling technologies to recover germ fractions from corn kernels using either wet or dry separation processes. This study determined the quality, composition, and yield differences among the corn germ produced and compared these properties with those of the conventional wet- and dry-milled germ. A method for calculating the estimated market value for germ produced by the alternative processing methods is given. There were significant differences in the oil, protein, starch, and ash compositions and in the estimated market values among germ fractions produced by the alternative milling processes. The different germ fractions produced (including the traditional wet and dry-milled) were found to contain 18-41 % oil, 13-21 % protein, and 6-21 % starch, depending on the milling process used. The estimated value of germ from these processes varied from as low as $0.058/lb ($0.128/kg) to a maximum of $0.114/lb ($0.251/kg), showing that the specific process used to produce the germ will have the major impact on the overall economics of the ethanol process. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Johnston, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM djohnston@arserrc.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 8 BP 603 EP 608 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1116-z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 966AL UT WOS:000231991900010 ER PT J AU Kuk, MS Tetlow, R Dowd, MK AF Kuk, MS Tetlow, R Dowd, MK TI Cottonseed extraction with mixtures of acetone and hexane SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cottonseed oil; hexane and acetone mixtures; meal; odor; quality; solvent extraction AB Cottonseed flakes were extracted with mixtures of n-hexane and acetone, with the concentration of acetone varying between 10 and 75%. Adding small amounts of acetone (<= 25%) to n-hexane significantly increased the extraction of free and total gossypol from cottonseed flakes. Sensory testing detected no difference in the odor of cottonseed meals produced either by extraction with 100% n-hexane or by extraction with a 10:90 (vol/vol) mixture of acetone/hexane. More than 80% of the free gossypol was removed by the 10:90 mixture of acetone/hexane, whereas pure n-hexane extracted about 47% of the free gossypol from cottonseed flakes. A solvent mixture containing 25% acetone removed nearly 90% of the free gossypol that was removable by extraction with pure acetone, the residual meal had only a minimal increase in odor. In contrast, cottonseed meals produced by extraction with pure acetone had a much higher odor intensity. The composition of the cottonseed crude oil was insignificantly affected by the acetone concentration of the extraction solvent. The results indicate that mixtures of acetone and n-hexane can be used as extraction solvents to produce cottonseed crude oil without the concomitant development of odorous meals. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Kuk, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM mskuk@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 8 BP 609 EP 612 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1117-y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 966AL UT WOS:000231991900011 ER PT J AU Tatsioni, A Chung, M Sun, YN Kupelnick, B Lichtenstein, AH Perrone, R Chew, P Lau, J Bonis, PA AF Tatsioni, A Chung, M Sun, YN Kupelnick, B Lichtenstein, AH Perrone, R Chew, P Lau, J Bonis, PA TI Effects of fish oil supplementation on kidney transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; ORAL EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; IGA NEPHROPATHY; ERYTHROCYTE DEFORMABILITY; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; CYCLOSPORINE-A; RISK-FACTORS; CORN-OIL; RECIPIENTS AB The objective of this study was to assess the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on various kidney transplant-related outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of published randomized, controlled trials (RCT). There were 16 kidney transplant RCT with a total of 812 patients. All trials evaluated fish oil with dosages that ranged from 1.2 to 5.4 g/d. No consistent benefits were observed for any outcome with the exception of a modest benefit on triglycerides. A meta-analysis of rejection episodes found no significant benefit on either early (< 6 mo posttransplantation) or late episodes. The overall relative risk of having at least one rejection episode in those who received fish oil was 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.10) in four studies with a follow-up of 1 yr. A meta-analysis of eight RCT of graft survival found no significant benefit (relative risk 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.05). The available data (mostly derived from older studies with important methodologic limitations) do not demonstrate a consistent, clinically important benefit of fish oil in kidney transplantation. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Evidence Based Pract Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lau, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Evidence Based Pract Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, 750 Washington St,Box 63, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jlau1@tufts-nemc.org NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 8 BP 2462 EP 2470 DI 10.1681/ASN.2005020176 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 949HC UT WOS:000230774700026 PM 15958723 ER PT J AU Hassan, MA Church, M Lisle, TE Brardinoni, F Benda, L Grant, GE AF Hassan, MA Church, M Lisle, TE Brardinoni, F Benda, L Grant, GE TI Sediment transport and channel morphology of small, forested streams SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE streams; sediment transport; fluvial processes; geomorphology ID BED-LOAD TRANSPORT; OREGON COAST RANGE; MOUNTAIN DRAINAGE BASINS; HIGH-GRADIENT STREAMS; EGG BURIAL DEPTHS; GRAVEL-BED; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; WOODY DEBRIS AB This paper reviews sediment transport and channel morphology in small, forested streams in the Pacific Northwest region of North America to assess current knowledge of channel stability and morphology relevant to riparian management practices around small streams. Small channels are defined as ones in which morphology and hydraulics may be significantly influenced by individual clasts or wood materials in the channel. Such channels are headwater channels in close proximity to sediment sources, so they reflect a mix of hillslope and channel processes. Sediment inputs are derived directly from adjacent hillslopes and from the channel banks. Morphologically significant sediments move mainly as bed load, mainly at low intensity, and there is no standard method for measurement. The larger elastic and woody elements in the channel form persistent structures that trap significant volumes of sediment, reducing sediment transport in the short term and substantially increasing channel stability. The presence of such structures makes modeling of sediment flux in these channels - a potential substitute for measurement - difficult. Channel morphology is discussed, with some emphasis on wood related features. The problem of classifying small channels is reviewed, and it is recognized that useful classifications are purpose oriented. Reach scale and channel unit scale morphologies are categorized. A "disturbance cascade" is introduced to focus attention on sediment transfers through the slope channel system and to identify management practices that affect sediment dynamics and consequent channel morphology. Gaps in knowledge, errors, and uncertainties have been identified for future research. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. USDA, US Forest Serv, SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Earth Syst Inst, Mt Shasta, CA 96067 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hassan, MA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. EM mhassan@geog.ubc.ca NR 186 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 853 EP 876 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb04467.x PG 24 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 959WL UT WOS:000231549900006 ER PT J AU Richardson, JS Naiman, RJ Swanson, FJ Hibbs, DE AF Richardson, JS Naiman, RJ Swanson, FJ Hibbs, DE TI Riparian communities associated with Pacific Northwest headwater streams: Assemblages, processes, and uniqueness SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE floodplain; forest; plants; riparian ecology; rivers/streams; wildlife ID OREGON COAST RANGE; SALAMANDERS DICAMPTODON-TENEBROSUS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; ZERO-ORDER BASINS; WESTERN OREGON; BUFFER STRIPS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; SPECIES RICHNESS; SMALL MAMMALS AB Riparian areas of large streams provide important habitat to many species and control many instream processes - but is the same true for the margins of small streams? This review considers riparian areas alongside small streams in forested, mountainous areas of the Pacific Northwest and asks if there are fundamental ecological differences from larger streams and from other regions and if there are consequences for management from any differences. In the moist forests along many small streams of the Pacific Northwest, the contrast between the streamside and upslope forest is not as strong as that found in drier regions. Small streams typically lack floodplains, and the riparian area is often constrained by the hillslope. Nevertheless, riparian-associated organisms, some unique to headwater areas, are found along small streams. Disturbance of hillslopes and stream channels and microclimatic effects of streams on the riparian area provide great heterogeneity in processes and diversity of habitats. The tight coupling of the terrestrial riparian area with the aquatic system results from the closed canopy and high edge-to-area ratio for small streams. Riparian areas of the temperate, conifer dominated forests of the Pacific Northwest provide a unique environment. Forest management guidelines for small streams vary widely, and there has been little evaluation of the local or downstream consequences of forest practices along small streams. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Richardson, JS (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM john.richardson@ubc.ca RI Richardson, John/G-1513-2012; Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012 OI Richardson, John/0000-0001-8135-7447; NR 89 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 935 EP 947 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03778.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 959WL UT WOS:000231549900010 ER PT J AU Shapiro, A Green, T Rao, SH White, S Carner, G Mertens, PPC Becnel, JJ AF Shapiro, A Green, T Rao, SH White, S Carner, G Mertens, PPC Becnel, JJ TI Morphological and molecular characterization of a cypovirus (Reoviridae) from the mosquito Uranotaenia sapphirina (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOPLASMIC-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; CULEX-NIGRIPALPUS; GENOME SEGMENTS; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; CLASSIFICATION; INFECTIONS; SEQUENCES; LOUISIANA; GENE AB A novel cypovirus has been isolated from the mosquito Uranotaenia sapphirina (UsCPV) and shown to cause a chronic infection confined to the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the gastric ceca and posterior stomach. The production of large numbers of virions and inclusion bodies and their arrangement into paracrystalline arrays gives the gut of infected insects a distinctive blue iridescence. The virions, which were examined by electron microscopy, are icosahedral (55 to 65 nm in diameter) with a central core that is surrounded by a single capsid layer. They are usually packaged individually within cubic inclusion bodies (polyhedra, similar to 100 nm across), although two to eight virus particles were sometimes occluded together. The virus was experimentally transmitted per os to several mosquito species. The transmission rate was enhanced by the presence of magnesium ions but was inhibited by calcium ions. Most of the infected larvae survived to adulthood, and the adults retained the infection. Electrophoretic analysis of the UsCPV genome segments (using 1% agarose gels) generated a migration pattern (electropherotype) that is different from those of the 16 Cypovirus species already recognized. UsCPV genome segment 10 (Seg-10) showed no significant nucleotide sequence similarity to the corresponding segment of the other cypoviruses that have previously been analyzed, and it has different "conserved" termini. A BLAST search of the UsCPV deduced amino acid sequence also showed little similarity to Antheraea mylitta CPV-4 (67 of 290 [23%]) or Choristoneura fumiferana CPV-16 (33 of 111 [29%]). We conclude that UsCPV should be recognized as a member of a new Cypovirus species (Cypovirus 17, strain UsCPV-17). C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0ET, Surrey, England. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Becnel, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM jbecnel@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu OI Mertens, Peter/0000-0002-3438-3738 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 79 IS 15 BP 9430 EP 9438 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.15.9430-9438.2005 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 946MC UT WOS:000230575300007 PM 16014906 ER PT J AU Slavicek, JM Popham, HJR AF Slavicek, JM Popham, HJR TI The Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus enhancins are components of occlusion-derived virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; NI GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; GRANULOVIRUS GENOME; MAMESTRA-CONFIGURATA; BACULOVIRUS ENHANCIN; PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; COMPLETE SEQUENCE; ENHANCEMENT AB Enhancins are metalloproteinases, first identified in granuloviruses, that can enhance nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) potency. We had previously identified two enhancin genes (El and E2) in the Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid NPV (LdMNPV) and showed that both were functional. For this study, we have extended our analysis of LdMNPV enhancin genes through an immunocytochemical analysis of El and E2 expression and localization. El and E2 peptide antibodies recognized proteins of similar to 84 kDa and 90 kDa, respectively, on Western blots of extracts from L. dispar 652Y cells infected with wild-type virus. The 84- and 90-kDa proteins were first detected at 48 h postinfection (p.i.) and were present through 96 h p.i. El and E2 peptide antibodies detected El and E2 in polyhedron extracts, and the antibodies were shown to be specific for El and E2, respectively, through the use of recombinant virus strains lacking the enhancin genes. El and E2 were further localized to occlusion-derived virus (ODV). The enhancins were not found in budded virus. Immunoelectron microscopy indicated that El and E2 were present in ODV envelopes and possibly in nucleocapsids. Fractionation studies with several detergents suggested that the enhancins were present in ODV envelopes in association with nucleocapsids. In contrast, enhancins in granuloviruses are located within the granulin matrix. The presence of LdMNPV enhancins within ODV provides a position for the proteins to interact directly on the peritrophic membrane as ODV traverses this host defense barrier. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Slavicek, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM jslavicek@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 79 IS 16 BP 10578 EP 10588 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.16.10578-10588.2005 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 950UX UT WOS:000230884700048 PM 16051850 ER PT J AU Friedman, AN Hunsicker, LG Selhub, J Bostom, AG AF Friedman, AN Hunsicker, LG Selhub, J Bostom, AG TI C-reactive protein as a predictor of total arteriosclerotic outcomes in type 2 diabetic nephropathy SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; cardiovascular; arteriosclerosis; diabetes; nephropathy; Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PRIOR MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES; KIDNEY-DISEASE; HEALTHY-MEN; RISK; INFLAMMATION; IRBESARTAN; EVENTS; ASSOCIATION AB C-reactive protein as a predictor of total arteriosclerotic outcomes in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Background. The inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) has been found in most, but not all, prospective studies to be associated with future cardiovascular outcomes. However, CRP has not been tested in the high-cardiovascular risk population of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Methods. We studied the independent relationship between CRP and the subsequent development of incident or recurrent arteriosclerotic outcomes (primary) and congestive heart failure events (secondary) in 1560 individuals with diabetic nephropathy, overt proteinuria, and hypertension enrolled in the prospective Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial. Results. Traditional cardiac risk factors were highly prevalent, CRP levels were high overall [quintiles (mg/L) 1st, 0 to 1.2; 2nd, 1.3 to 2.5; 3rd, 2.6 to 5.0; 4th, 5.1 to 10.0; and 5th, > 10), and subsequent cardiovascular events were very common. A univariate relationship existed between CRP and total arteriosclerotic outcomes (P < 0.0001). However, after adjusting for study intervention and traditional risk factors, the relationship no longer remained. In fact, controlling for previous cardiovascular disease alone caused the association to become nonsignificant. The secondary analysis found a significant univariate relationship between CRP and congestive heart failure events (P = 0.007) that persisted in multivariate analyses (P = 0.006). However, this relationship was confined to the highest CRP quintile [RR (95% CI) 2.0 (1.27, 3.16)]. Conclusion. In diabetic patients with nephropathy, CRP does not add predictive information above and beyond that provided by traditional established risk factors. Whether this holds true for other populations with similar risk burdens is an important public health question that should be addressed. A secondary finding of a link between CRP and congestive heart failure requires further confirmation. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Agr, Boston, MA USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Renal Dis, Providence, RI USA. RP Friedman, AN (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, 1481 W 10th St-111N, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM allfried@iupui.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL 67695-02] NR 27 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 68 IS 2 BP 773 EP 778 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00456.x PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 943GW UT WOS:000230342500036 PM 16014055 ER PT J AU Wanjie, SW Welti, R Moreau, RA Chapman, KD AF Wanjie, SW Welti, R Moreau, RA Chapman, KD TI Identification and quantification of glycerolipids in cotton fibers: Reconciliation with metabolic pathway predictions from DNA databases SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRANSFER PROTEIN GENE; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; LIPID-METABOLISM; MEMBRANE-LIPIDS; CELL ELONGATION; PLANT-CELLS; ARABIDOPSIS AB The lipid profiles of cotton fiber cells were determined from total lipid extracts of elongating and maturing cotton fiber cells to see whether the membrane lipid composition changed during the phases of rapid cell elongation or secondary cell wall thickening. Total FA content was highest or increased during elongation and was lower or decreased thereafter, likely reflecting the assembly of the expanding cell membranes during elongation and the shift to membrane maintenance (and increase in secondary cell wall content) in maturing fibers. Analysis of lipid extracts by electrospray ionization and tandem MS (ESI-MS/MS) revealed that in elongating fiber cells (7-10 d post-anthesis), the polar lipids-PC, PE, PI, PA, phosphaticlylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, cligalactosyldiacylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol-were most abundant. These same glycerolipids were found in similar proportions in maturing fiber cells (21 dpa). Detailed molecular species profiles were determined by ESI-MS/MS for all glycerolipid classes, and ESI-MS/MS results were consistent with lipid profiles determined by HPLC and ELSD. The predominant molecular species of PC, PE, PI, and PA was 34:3 (16:0, 18:3), but 36:6 (18:3,18:3) also was prevalent. Total FA analysis of cotton lipids confirmed that indeed linolenic (18:3) and palmitic (16:0) acids were the most abundant FA in these cell types. Bioinformatics data were mined from cotton fiber expressed sequence tag databases in an attempt to reconcile expression of lipid metabolic enzymes with lipid metabolite data. Together, these data form a foundation for future studies of the functional contribution of lipid metabolism to the development of this unusual and economically important cell type. C1 Univ N Texas, Ctr Plant Lipid Res, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Kansas State Univ, Kansas Lipidom Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Chapman, KD (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Ctr Plant Lipid Res, Dept Biol Sci, POB 305220, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM chapman@unt.edu OI Welti, Ruth/0000-0003-4373-2538; Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR16475] NR 43 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 8 BP 773 EP 785 DI 10.1007/s11745-005-1439-4 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 968RR UT WOS:000232180400002 PM 16296396 ER PT J AU Gerrior, SA Juan, WY Hiza, HAB AF Gerrior, SA Juan, WY Hiza, HAB TI An adult physical activity scoring scheme: Its evaluation and application SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE inactivity; guidance; assessment; validation ID PRINT AB Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to describe the development and evaluation of an adult physical activity (PA) scoring scheme (SS). Methods: SS was based on the 2000 METs compendium and PA guidance. Scoring credit was assigned to moderate (3-6 METs) or vigorous (> 6 METs) activities using a 100-point scale. A point designator for evaluation (80.01-100, good; 51.00-80, needs improvement; and < 51, poor) was based on guidance to perform 30 min of moderate activity >= 5 d(.)wk(-1) or 20 min of vigorous activity >= 3 d.wk(-1). Activities were scored individually and summed for a final score. PA information was from the Behavioral Risk Surveillance Survey, 2000. Weighted data were analyzed using SAS. Sensitivity and specificity methods were used to evaluate the SS. Fifty-six PA met intensity criteria and were examined for frequency and duration. Results: Study included adults >= 18 yr (N = 173,980). 71.4% of the men and 67.2% of the women reported moderate or vigorous activity, but only 13.1% of the men and 12.8%, of the women received a good score. 48.9% of the men and 41% of the women needed improvement and 9.4% of the men and 13.4% of the women had a poor score. The sensitivity of identifying inactivity was 94 and 95% for inactive men and women, respectively; 92% for identifying both men and women needing improvement; and 79% for men and 90% for women with a poor score. The specificity of getting a good score was 57 and 60% for active men and women, respectively. Conclusion: SS appropriately assigns scorin.- credit to moderate and vigorous activities. However, assumptions made for mixed moderate and vigorous activities may misclassify active individuals. C1 Waterfront Ctr, Dept Agr, Washington, DC 20042 USA. Waterfront Ctr, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20042 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Gerrior, SA (reprint author), Waterfront Ctr, Dept Agr, 800 9th St SW,Room 4144, Washington, DC 20042 USA. EM sgerrior@csrees.usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1401 EP 1408 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000174908.68513.80 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 958VJ UT WOS:000231476000021 PM 16118589 ER PT J AU Darwish, AM Ismaiel, AA AF Darwish, AM Ismaiel, AA TI Genetic diversity of Flavobacterium columnare examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism RNA gene and the and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal 16S-23S rDNA spacer SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium columnare; genotypes; RFLP; sequencing; epidemiology; columnaris ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; STRAINS; FISH AB Genetic variability among strains of Flavobacterium columnare, isolated in the United States, was characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. Twenty-seven isolates of F. columnare were differentiated into three genotypes. The isolates within the genotypes were further grouped based on RFLP of the 16S-23S rDNA spacer. The first genotype had five strains that were further divided into group A (4 strains) and B (I strain) while the second genotype had 10 strains that were also further divided into group A (4 strains) and B (6 stains). The third genotype had 12 isolates with no differences in the RFLP patterns of the 16S-23S rDNA spacers. The 16S rRNA gene sequences representing the three identified genotypes were compared to the different published sequences by phylogenetic analysis and the results showed the American genotypes 1, 2 and 3 corresponding to genomovar 1, 2, and 3, respectively, reported by Triyanto and Wakabayashi [Triyanto, Wakabayashi H. Genotyping of strains of Flavobacterium columnare from diseased fishes. Fish Pathol 1999; 34: 65-71]. The study demonstrates a method for RFLP and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16-23S rDNA spacer as a useful tool in epidemiological studies of F. columnare. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM adarwish@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2005.04.003 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 954OF UT WOS:000231163700007 PM 15979275 ER PT J AU Yau, YY Santos, K Simon, P AF Yau, YY Santos, K Simon, P TI Molecular tagging and selection for sugar type in carrot roots using co-dominant, PCR-based markers SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE carrot; insertion element; invertase; marker-assisted selection; SCAR marker ID DAUCUS-CAROTA L; INVERTASE GENE; BETA-FRUCTOFURANOSIDASE; CDNA CLONING; EXPRESSION; ACCUMULATION; PURIFICATION; FRUCTOSIDASE; LOCUS; CELLS AB Carrot storage roots accumulate free sugars. The type of sugar accumulated is conditioned by the Rs locus so that typical carrot roots (Rs/-) accumulate predominantly glucose and fructose while rs/rs plants accumulate predominantly sucrose. We recently have found rs/rs plants in one inbred line that harbor a naturally occurring insertion sequence of 2.5 kb integrated into the first intron region of acid soluble invertase isozyme II. Using these facts, three primers were designed to differentiate Rs/Rs, Rs/rs and rs/rs carrot plants with simple PCR amplification. Co-dominant, PCR-based markers for acid soluble invertase isozyme II allowed genotyping of the Rs locus in 1-week-old carrot seedlings whereas mature carrot roots were needed to make this evaluation previously, and homozygous dominant plants could not be differentiated from heterozygotes without lengthy progeny testing. Marker-assisted evaluation and selection of carrot root sugar type were exercised in segregating families of diverse background and complete accuracy in predicting sugar type was realized in subsequent generations to further confirm that acid soluble invertase isozyme II conditions the Rs locus. These PCR-based markers will be useful in carrot breeding programs screening for this trait in segregating populations, for studying the distribution and origins of this trait in domestic and wild carrots, and for identifying seed mixtures as low as 10% Rs/- or 1% rs/rs. C1 ARS, USDA, Vegetable Res Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Simon, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable Res Crops Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@wisc.edu NR 27 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/s11032-004-6669-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 964CS UT WOS:000231856900001 ER PT J AU Hily, JM Scorza, R Webb, K Ravelonandro, M AF Hily, JM Scorza, R Webb, K Ravelonandro, M TI Accumulation of the long class of siRNA is associated with resistance to Plum pox virus in a transgenic woody perennial plum tree SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Prunits domestica ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; COAT PROTEIN GENE; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE; PRUNUS-DOMESTICA; DNA METHYLATION; INTERFERENCE; PLANTS; SUPPRESSOR; STABILITY; INFECTION AB We investigated the hallmarks of posttranscription gene silencing (PTGS) in mature plants, embryos, and seedlings of the transgenic plum trees (Prunus sp.) that are resistant to Plum pox virus (PPV). We previously demonstrated that the transgene insert and resistance to PPV were mutually inherited in progeny of line C5. We show here that C5 constitutively produces a short (22 nt) and a long (25 to 26 nt) species of short interfering (si)RNA from embryo to mature plant in the absence of PPV inoculation. Unlike siRNA, methylation and transcription of the PPV-coat protein transgene were 're-set' following seed germination. Uninoculated transgenic susceptible clones did not display DNA methylation, nor did they produce detectable levels of siRNA. Upon infection, susceptible clones, transgenic or untransformed, did produce siRNA but only the short 22-nt species. These findings show that plum trees respond to virus infection by initiating PTGS-like mechanisms that involve the production of siRNA. We further suggest that high-level virus resistance in transgenic Prunus species requires the production of the long-size class of ARNA. The research adds new insights into PTGS silencing in woody perennial plant species. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Bordeaux Segalen, INRA, UMR Genom Dev Pouvoir Pathogene, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM rscorza@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 18 IS 8 BP 794 EP 799 DI 10.1094/MPMI-18-0794 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 947ET UT WOS:000230626900005 PM 16134891 ER PT J AU Kim, WS Sun-Hyung, J Park, RD Kim, KY Krishnan, HB AF Kim, WS Sun-Hyung, J Park, RD Kim, KY Krishnan, HB TI Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 releases. a 22-kDa outer membrane protein (Omp22) to the extracellular milieu when grown in calcium-limiting conditions SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE symbiosis ID CULTIVAR-SPECIFIC NODULATION; LEGUMINOSARUM BIOVAR VICIAE; III-SECRETED PROTEIN; ROOT HAIR TIPS; RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM; COMPLEX FLAGELLA; DIVALENT-CATIONS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; CELL-SURFACE; GENE AB Calcium, which regulates a wide variety of cellular functions, plays an important role in Rhizobium-legume interactions. We investigated the effect of calcium on surface appendages of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257. Cold-field emission scanning electron microscopy observation of USDA257 grown in calcium-limiting conditions revealed cells with unusual shape and size. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed intact flagella were present only when USDA257 cells were grown in calcium-sufficient conditions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of flagellar preparations from USDA257 cells grown in calcium-limiting conditions showed the presence of a 22-kDa protein that was absent from cells grown in calcium-sufficient conditions. We have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the 22-kDa protein. After successful expression in Escherichia coli, polyclonal antibodies were raised against the recombinant 22-kDa protein (Omp22). Subcellular fractionation analysis demonstrated that Omp22 was predominantly present in the extracellular fraction. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of immunologically related proteins from diverse rhizobia. Immunocytochemical localization of thin sections of USDA257 cells showed specific labeling of protein A-gold particles on protein inclusions found proximal to the cells. Accumulation of Omp22 was greatly reduced when USDA257 cells were grown in the presence of increasing calcium. Northern blot analysis indicated that calcium was the only divalent cation among those tested that down-regulated omp22 expression. An omp22 mutant was able to grow in calcium-limiting conditions at a rate similar to that of wild-type USDA257. Significantly more nodules were initiated by the omp22 mutant than by the wild-type on soybean cultivar Peking grown in calcium-limiting conditions. C1 Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, APSRC, Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Div Appl Biosci & Biotechnol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 56 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 18 IS 8 BP 808 EP 818 DI 10.1094/MPMI-18-0808 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 947ET UT WOS:000230626900007 PM 16134893 ER PT J AU Glynn, NC Hare, MC Parry, DW Edwards, SG AF Glynn, NC Hare, MC Parry, DW Edwards, SG TI Phylogenetic analysis of EF-1 alpha gene sequences from isolates of Microdochium nivale leads to elevation of varieties majus and nivale to species status SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VAR. NIVALE; WHEAT; FUNGUS AB Degenerate PCR primers were designed based on EF-1 alpha (EF- 1 alpha) gene sequences of several filamentous fungi retrieved from sequence databases. These primers were used to isolate a partial sequence, approximately 830 bp in length of the EF-1 alpha from isolates of Microdochium nivale obtained from various geographic locations across the world. Two distinct groups of isolates were evident among those isolates examined. Sequence homology for comparisons within group was 99.7 % for group A and 99.8 % for group B. Primers specific to either group A or group B sequences were designed and tested on isolates from around the world. Comparisons were made with primers previously reported for the two varieties of M. nivale and revealed that Group A type isolates correlated with M. nivale var. majus and group B isolates with M. nivale var. nivale. The primers from this study and those previously reported were in agreement for all isolates with the exception of one isolate (NRRL 3289) which failed to amplify with previously published M. nivale primers. Sequence analysis of NRRL 3289 suggested that it was an isolate of M. nivale var. nivale as indicated by the EF-1 alpha based primers developed in this study. This study provides sequence based phylogenetic evidence of two species and when taken together with biological differences reported, leads to the recognition of M. majus comb. nov. (syn. Fusarium nivale var. majus). Descriptions of the two species are provided. C1 Harper Adams Univ Coll, Newport TF10 8NB, Shrops, England. RP Glynn, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugar Cane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM nglynn@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Edwards, Simon/A-5432-2010; OI Edwards, Simon/0000-0002-1205-1249 NR 24 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 109 BP 872 EP 880 DI 10.1017/S0953756205003370 PN 8 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 965BL UT WOS:000231924700003 PM 16175789 ER PT J AU Hart, JJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Clarke, JM Kochian, LV AF Hart, JJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Clarke, JM Kochian, LV TI Zinc effects on cadmium accumulation and partitioning in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium concentration SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE cadmium (Cd); durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum); near-isogenic lines (NIL); partitioning; root uptake; translocation; zinc (Zn) ID SOIL; CULTIVARS; TRANSPORT; PLANTS; TRANSLOCATION; DEFICIENCY; SHOOTS; ROOTS; YIELD; CD AB (.) Here, we examined the effectiveness of two approaches for reducing cadmium ( Cd) accumulation in durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. var durum) grain: the application of supplemental zinc ( Zn), and the use of cultivars exhibiting reduced grain Cd concentrations. (.) Two durum wheat near- isogenic lines ( NIL) that differ in grain Cd accumulation were grown to maturity in solution culture containing a chelating agent to buffer the free activities of Zn and Cd at levels approximating those of field conditions. (.) The low Cd accumulating ( L- Cd) isoline had Cd concentrations, in grains and shoot parts, which were 60 - 70% lower than those of the high Cd accumulating ( H- Cd) isoline. Increasing the Zn activities in the nutrient solution from deficient to sufficient levels reduced the concentration of Cd in grains and vegetative shoot parts of both isolines. (.) The results suggest that supplemental Zn reduces Cd tissue concentrations by inhibiting Cd uptake into roots. Cd partitioning patterns between roots and shoots and between spike components suggest that the physiological basis for the low Cd trait is related to the compartmentation or symplasmic translocation of Cd. (c) New Phytologist ( 2005). C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. RP Hart, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjh16@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 34 TC 36 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 167 IS 2 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01416.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 942MP UT WOS:000230286800009 PM 15998393 ER PT J AU Sack, L Tyree, MT Holbrook, NM AF Sack, L Tyree, MT Holbrook, NM TI Leaf hydraulic architecture correlates with regeneration irradiance in tropical rainforest trees SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island (BCI); biological networks; high pressure flowmeter (HPFM); leaf hydraulics; shade tolerance; vasculature ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC TRAITS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; XYLEM CAVITATION; SHADE TOLERANCE; WOODY-PLANTS; GROWTH-RATE; WATER-FLOW; LEAVES; RESISTANCE; SEEDLINGS AB (.) The leaf hydraulic conductance ( K leaf) is a major determinant of plant water transport capacity. Here, we measured K leaf, and its basis in the resistances of leaf components, for fully illuminated leaves of five tree species that regenerate in deep shade, and five that regenerate in gaps or clearings, in Panamanian lowland tropical rainforest. We also determined coordination with stomatal characters and leaf mass per area. (.) K-leaf varied 10- fold across species, and was 3- fold higher in sun- than in shade-establishing species. On average, 12% of leaf hydraulic resistance (= 1/ K-leaf) was located in the petiole, 25% in the major veins, 25% in the minor veins, and 39% outside the xylem. Sun- establishing species had a higher proportion of leaf resistance in the xylem. Across species, component resistances correlated linearly with total leaf resistance. (.) K-leaf correlated tightly with indices of stomatal pore area, indicating a coordination of liquid- and vapor- phase conductances shifted relative to that of temperate woody species. (.) Leaf hydraulic properties are integrally linked in the complex of traits that define differences in water use and carbon economy across habitats and vegetation zones. (c) New Phytologist ( 2005). C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Sack, L (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Lsack@hawaii.edu RI Sack, Lawren/A-5492-2008 OI Sack, Lawren/0000-0002-7009-7202 NR 46 TC 118 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 167 IS 2 BP 403 EP 413 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01432.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 942MP UT WOS:000230286800010 PM 15998394 ER PT J AU Roghair, CN AF Roghair, CN TI Brook trout movement during and after recolonization of a naturally defaunated stream reach SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; BROWN TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; DEBRIS FLOW; HABITAT; FISH; DISTURBANCE; POPULATION; RECOVERY; PARADIGM AB In June 1995 a debris flow associated with a massive streamwide flood completely eliminated brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis from the lower 1.9 km of the Staunton River in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Biannual diver counts revealed that brook trout moved several hundred meters into the debris-flow-affected area each year, resulting in complete recolonization within 3 years of the event. We initiated a postrecolonization, biannual mark-recapture survey in 1997 and a radiotelemetry study in 1999 to further examine the movement of brook trout within the Staunton River. Fish that moved less than 100 in upstream or downstream made up 91% of brook trout recaptures; the maximum movement was over 800 in. Telemetered fish showed median seasonal movements of less than 70 in but a maximum movement of nearly 2 km. Despite the limitations inherent in movement studies, we observed postrecolonization movements consistent with those that were the basis for recolonization of the defaunated reach. Understanding the ability of movement to effect population changes is necessary for proper management in the wake of catastrophic events. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Aquat Technol Transfer, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Roghair, CN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Aquat Technol Transfer, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM croghair@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 777 EP 784 DI 10.1577/M04-034.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800003 ER PT J AU Schueller, AM Hansen, MJ Newman, SP Edwards, CJ AF Schueller, AM Hansen, MJ Newman, SP Edwards, CJ TI Density dependence of walleye maturity and fecundity in Big Crooked Lake, Wisconsin, 1997-2003 SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; GROWTH; MATURATION; TROUT; ERIE; ENERGY; SIZE; AGE AB Density is an important factor regulating age at maturity and fecundity of fish populations, so we evaluated the effect of the population density of adult walleyes Sander vitreus on age at 50% maturity and length-specific fecundity in Big Crooked Lake, Wisconsin, during 1997-2003. Abundance of adult walleyes from mark-recapture surveys ranged from 2,046 fish (3 per acre) to 4,901 fish (7 per acre). Age at 50% maturity ranged from 3.89 to 4.88 years, length of walleye sampled for fecundity ranged from 13.0 to 24.7 in, and average fecundity of a 17-in walleye ranged from 41,061 to 53,009 eggs. Age at 50% maturity increased significantly as adult walleye population density increased, whereas average fecundity of a 17-in walleye did not change significantly with density. We conclude that age at 50% maturity could be used as an indicator of population density and exploitation stress and thus could be used to set desired levels of harvest. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Woodruff, WI 54568 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Schueller, AM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM amy.m.schueller@uwsp.edu OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 841 EP 847 DI 10.1577/M04-090.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800010 ER PT J AU Colyer, WT Kershner, JL Hilderbrand, RH AF Colyer, WT Kershner, JL Hilderbrand, RH TI Movements of fluvial Bonneville cutthroat trout in the Thomas Fork of the Bear River, Idaho-Wyoming SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE; BULL TROUT; WINTER MOVEMENTS; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; HEADWATER STREAMS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FALL; POPULATIONS AB The majority of interior subspecies of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii have been extirpated from large rivers by anthropogenic activities that have fragmented habitats and introduced normative competitors. Selective pressures against migratory behaviors and main-stem river occupation, coupled with conservation strategies that isolate genetically pure populations above barriers, have restricted gene flow and prevented expression of the fluvial life history in many populations. Existing knowledge about the movements and home range requirements of fluvial cutthroat trout is, therefore, limited. Our objectives in this study were to (1) determine the extent of seasonal home ranges and mobility of Bonneville cutthroat trout O. c. utah (BCT) in the Thomas Fork and main-stem Bear River and (2) evaluate the role of a water diversion structure functioning as a seasonal migration barrier to fish movement. We implanted 55 BCT in the Thomas Fork of the Bear River, Idaho, with radio transmitters and located them bimonthly in 1999-2000 and weekly in 2000-2001. We found fish to be more mobile than previously reported. Individuals above the diversion barrier occupied substantially larger home ranges than those below the barrier (analysis of variance: P = 0.0003; median = 2,225 in above barrier; median = 500 m below barrier) throughout our study, and they moved more frequently (mean, 0.89 movements/contact; range, 0.57-1.00) from October 2000 through March 2001 than fish below the barrier (mean, 0.45 movements/contact; range, 0.00-1.00). During the spring of both years, we located radio-tagged fish in both upstream and neighboring tributaries as far as 86 km away from our study site. Our results document the existence of a fluvial component of BCT in the Bear River and its tributaries and suggest that successful efforts at conservation of these fish must focus on main-stein habitats and the maintenance of seasonal migration corridors. C1 Trout Unltd, Providence, UT 84332 USA. Utah State Univ, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP Colyer, WT (reprint author), Trout Unltd, 249 S 100th W, Providence, UT 84332 USA. EM wcolyer@tu.org RI Hilderbrand, Robert/H-9807-2013 OI Hilderbrand, Robert/0000-0003-0923-7699 NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 954 EP 963 DI 10.1577/M04-078.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 956YT UT WOS:000231336800021 ER PT J AU Schroder, BG Griffin, IJ Specker, BL Abrams, SA AF Schroder, BG Griffin, IJ Specker, BL Abrams, SA TI Absorption of calcium from the carbonated dairy soft drink is greater than that from fat-free milk and calcium-fortified orange juice in women SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE calcium; soft drinks; milk; orange juice; osteoporosis; women ID CONSUMPTION; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN AB This study reports the intestinal calcium absorption of a new product that combines calcium and other nutrients from milk and the consumer's desire for soft drinks. The overall objective was to compare calcium absorption of commercially available products, the dairy soft drink, fat-free milk, and calcium-fortified orange juice using a randomized crossover design. Thirty-four women were studied, and fractional absorption of calcium, using stable isotopes of calcium, was used to determine intestinal absorption from the dairy soft drink, fat-free milk, and calcium-fortified orange juice. The influence of baseline calcium intake on intestinal absorption was also investigated and controlled for in the statistical analysis. Calcium absorption from the dairy soft drink was greater (43% +/- 10%) than both the fat-free milk (35% +/- 8%) and calcium-fortified orange juice (36% +/- 11%) groups (P < .001). There was no difference between the fat-free milk and calcium-fortified orange juice groups. Fractional calcium absorption was inversely associated with baseline calcium intake within each product (all P < .05). It is theorized that the product's carbonation in combination with the milk components led to an increased calcium absorption compared with other food sources of calcium. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Dairilean Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57109 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Ethel Austin Martin Program Human Nutr, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Schroder, BG (reprint author), Dairilean Inc, POB 88647, Sioux Falls, SD 57109 USA. EM bgschroder@msn.com OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 8 BP 737 EP 742 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2005.07.001 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 979SQ UT WOS:000232965500003 ER PT J AU Royo, AA Carson, WP AF Royo, AA Carson, WP TI The herb community of a tropical forest in central Panama: dynamics and impact of mammalian herbivores SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE community structure; diversity; herbs; mammals; tropical forests ID NEOTROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; EAST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA; BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; SPECIES COEXISTENCE; SEED DISPERSAL; SUS-SCROFA; LONG-TERM; PLANT DIVERSITY; TREE DIVERSITY; VEGETATION AB Mammals are hypothesized to either promote plant diversity by preventing competitive exclusion or limit diversity by reducing the abundance of sensitive plant species through their activities as browsers or disturbance agents. Previous studies of herbivore impacts in plant communities have focused on tree species and ignored the herbaceous community. In an experiment in mature-phase, tropical moist forest sites in central Panama, we studied the impact of excluding ground-dwelling mammals on the richness and abundance of herbs in 16, 30x45-m plots. Within each plot, we censused the herbaceous community in 28, 2x2-m subplots (1,792 m 2 total area sampled). We identified over 54 species of herbs averaging 1.21 ramets m(-2) and covering approximately 4.25% of the forest floor. Excluding mammals for 5 years had no impact on overall species richness. Within exclosures, however, there was a significant two-fold increase in the density of rare species. Overall herbaceous density and percent cover did not differ between exclosures and adjacent control plots, although cover did increase over time. Mammalian exclusion significantly increased the total cover of three-dominant herb species, Pharus latifolius, Calathea inocephala, and Adiantum lucidum, but did not affect their density. This study represents one of the most extensive herbaceous community censuses conducted in tropical forests and is among a few that quantify herbaceous distribution and abundance in terms of both density and cover. Additionally, this work represents the first community level test of mammalian impacts on the herbaceous community in a tropical forest to date. Our results suggest that ground dwelling mammals do not play a key role in altering the relative abundance patterns of tropical herbs in the short term. Furthermore, our results contrast sharply with prior studies on similar temporal and spatial scales that demonstrate mammals strongly alter tree seedling composition and reduce seedling density. Thus, we question the pervasiveness of top-down control on tropical plant communities and the paradigm that defaunation will inexorably lead to widespread, catastrophic shifts in plant communities. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USDA, NE Res Stn, Warren, PA 16365 USA. RP Royo, AA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, A 234 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM aroyo@fs.fed.us RI Carson, Walter/A-2569-2013 NR 93 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2005 VL 145 IS 1 BP 66 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0079-3 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 963CC UT WOS:000231779500007 PM 16010533 ER PT J AU James, JJ Richards, JH AF James, JJ Richards, JH TI Plant N capture from pulses: effects of pulse size, growth rate, and other soil resources SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE arid ecosystems; Great Basin desert; nitrogen isotopes; plant N demand; soil resource pulses ID COLD DESERT COMMUNITY; NITROGEN UPTAKE; GREAT-BASIN; ROOT-GROWTH; AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; WATER RELATIONS; N-15 UPTAKE; RESPONSES; NITRATE AB In arid ecosystems, the ability to rapidly capture nitrogen (N) from brief pulses is expected to influence plant growth, survival, and competitive ability. Theory and data suggest that N capture from pulses should depend on plant growth rate and availability of other limiting resources. Theory also predicts trade-offs in plant stress tolerance and ability to capture N from different size pulses. We injected (KNO3)-N-15, to simulate small and large N pulses at three different times during the growing season into soil around the co-dominant Great Basin species Sarcobatus vermiculatus, Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. consimilis, and Distichlis spicata. Soils were amended with water and P in a partial factorial design. As predicted, all study species showed a comparable decline in N capture from large pulses through the season as growth rates slowed. Surprisingly, however, water and P availability differentially influenced the ability of these species to capture N from pulses. Distichlis N capture increased up to tenfold with water addition while Chrysothamnus N capture increased up to threefold with P addition. Sarcobatus N capture was not affected by water or P availability. Opposite to our prediction, Sarcobatus, the most stress tolerant species, captured less N from small pulses but more N from large pulses relative to the other species. These observations suggest that variation in N pulse timing and size can interact with variable soil water and P supply to determine how N is partitioned among co-existing Great Basin species. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP James, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM Jeremy.James@oregonstate.edu NR 62 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2005 VL 145 IS 1 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0109-1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 963CC UT WOS:000231779500011 PM 16003506 ER PT J AU Motil, KJ Fete, TJ Fraley, JK Schultz, RJ Foy, TM Ochs, U Sybert, VP AF Motil, KJ Fete, TJ Fraley, JK Schultz, RJ Foy, TM Ochs, U Sybert, VP TI Growth characteristics of children with ectodermal dysplasia syndromes SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE height; weight; malnutrition; growth failure; failure to thrive; short stature ID CLOUSTON-SYNDROME; CLEFTING SYNDROME; EEC-SYNDROME; DEFICIENCY; MUTATIONS; PATIENT; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; FEATURES AB Objective. Clinical observations suggested that growth abnormalities may be present in children with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) syndromes. This study characterizes the longitudinal pattern of growth in a cohort of children with the ED syndromes. We hypothesized that (1) linear and ponderal growth abnormalities are present in children with ED from infancy through adolescence, and (2) linear and ponderal growth abnormalities differ among the clinical variants of these disorders. Methods. We studied 138 children who had ED and were registered with the National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias, 74% of whom had clinical features consistent with the hypohidrotic EDs (HEDs). Height ( or length) and weight measurements were obtained by standardized techniques and from review of available medical records. We converted these measurements to weight-for-height (children younger than 5 years and < 103 cm in length) or BMI (children >= 2 years old). Height, weight, weight-for-height, and BMI were converted to age- and gender-specific z scores. We applied linear regression, 1-sample t tests, and analysis of variance to detect linear and ponderal growth abnormalities in children with ED compared with a reference population. Results. Mean weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and BMI-for-age z scores but not height-for-age z score, were significantly lower in children with the ED syndromes than in the reference population. Mean weight-for-age and weight-for-height z scores but not BMI-for-age or height-for-age z scores increased significantly with increasing age. The mean height-for-age z score of children with the ED syndromes other than the HEDs was significantly lower than that of children with the HEDs. Conclusions. Growth abnormalities, measured as weight deficits, were present at an early age in children with the ED syndromes and persisted through adolescence. Height deficits were seen only in children with ED syndromes other than HEDs. Clinicians should evaluate carefully children with ED syndromes for growth abnormalities. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Div Dermatol, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Grp Hlth Permanente, Seattle, WA USA. RP Motil, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kmotil@bcm.tmc.edu NR 31 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2005 VL 116 IS 2 BP E229 EP E234 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2830 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 951FU UT WOS:000230915600008 PM 16061575 ER PT J AU Allaire, SE Yates, SR Zhang, P Ernst, FF AF Allaire, SE Yates, SR Zhang, P Ernst, FF TI The potential efficiency of irrigation management and propargyl bromide in controlling three soil pests: Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Fusarium oxysporum and Echinochloa crus-galli SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fumigant; nematodes; weeds; CT index; LD50; LD90; 3-bromopropyne; irrigation ID METHYL-BROMIDE; SOILBORNE PATHOGENS; FUMIGANT; TIME; IODIDE; VOLATILIZATION; DEGRADATION; TEMPERATURE; MOVEMENT; TOXICITY AB Propargyl bromide (3-bromopropyne, 3BP) is a potential alternative for methyl bromide. Little information is available about its efficiency in controlling pests. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the 3BP dose required for killing three pests and to compare the efficiency of water management approaches to that of fumigation. The pests, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht (fungus), Echinochloa crus-galli (L) Beauv (grass) and Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb (nematode) were exposed to different 3BP concentrations in a sandy loam at 30 degrees C in a closed system. The lethal dose for killing 90% of the population (LD90) was calculated from the total applied mass, and varied from 0.3 mu g g(-1) soil for the nematode, 3 mu g g(-1) for the grass, and 9 mu g g(-1) for the fungus. The concentration-time index for killing 90% of the population (CT90) was 11 mu g g(-1) h for the nematode, 112 mu g g(-1) h for the grass and 345 mu g g(-1) h for the fungus. 3BP seems as efficient as other fumigant alternatives in controlling these pests. Using an open system, it was shown that the volume of soil in which the pests were controlled varied for different irrigation managements. Even 96 h after fumigation (with a concentration 10 times higher than would potentially be applied in the field), more than 20% of the soil volume had not reached the fungus and grass CT90 of the non-irrigated soil. The soil underneath the furrow and the bed reached CT90 only slowly in all irrigated treatments even though techniques for increasing efficiency were used (tarping, surface sealing with water and high application rate). (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Hort, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. USDA ARS, George Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Allaire, SE (reprint author), Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Hort, Pavillon Envirotron, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. EM suzanne.allaire@sga.ulaval.ca NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 61 IS 8 BP 799 EP 808 DI 10.1002/ps.1072 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 947RJ UT WOS:000230663600013 PM 15912563 ER PT J AU Cho, SH Chen, WD Muehlbauer, FJ AF Cho, SH Chen, WD Muehlbauer, FJ TI Constitutive expression of the Flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene related to pathotype-specific ascochyta blight resistance in Cicer arietinum L. SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cicer arietinum L.; quantitative resistance; Ascochyta rabiei; cDNA-AFLP; flavanone 3-hydroxylase ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; FUSARIUM-WILT; CHICKPEA; INHERITANCE; ACCUMULATION; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIALS; BIOSYNTHESIS; MESOCOTYLS; METABOLISM AB Quantitative resistance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Ascochyta rabiei (Pass) Labr., is conferred in a pathotype-dependent manner. Unlike race-specific or qualitative resistance, identification of genetic factors for blight resistance is difficult because diverse pathogenic and environmental factors cause significant variation in resistance patterns. To identify genes associated with blight resistance in chickpea, we conducted bulk segregation analysis of differential transcript patterns between blight resistant and susceptible recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from a cross of PI 359075(l) (blight susceptible) xFLIP84-92C(2) (blight resistant). Constitutive expression of a cDNA-AFLP fragment homologous to flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) was lower in RILs susceptible to pathotypes I and II of A. rabiei than in RILs resistant to both pathotypes. F3H was mapped to linkage group 5. Based on expression pattern of F3H between resistant and susceptible RIL bulks, F3H or its genomic vicinity on linkage group 5 was thought to be related to blight resistance in chickpea. Further study is required to validate the genetic role of F3H and its genomic vicinity on linkage group 5 in blight resistance in chickpea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM choxx048@umn.edu; w-chen@wsu.edu; muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 31 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 100 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2005.09.011 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 015YD UT WOS:000235586600006 ER PT J AU Funnell, DL Lawrence, CB Pedersen, JF Schardl, CL AF Funnell, DL Lawrence, CB Pedersen, JF Schardl, CL TI Expression of the tobacco beta-1,3-glucanase gene, PR-2d, following induction of SAR with Peronospora tabacina (vol 65, pg 285, 2005) SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Funnell, DL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dfunnell@unlserve.unl.edu RI Schardl, Christopher/P-5655-2014 OI Schardl, Christopher/0000-0003-2197-0842 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 116 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2005.09.008 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 015YD UT WOS:000235586600008 ER PT J AU Pahalawatta, V Chen, XM AF Pahalawatta, V Chen, XM TI Inheritance and molecular mapping of barley genes conferring resistance to wheat stripe rust SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; nonhost resistance ID F-SP HORDEI; ANALOG POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; FORMAE-SPECIALES; MILDEW FUNGUS; NORTH-AMERICA; SP TRITICI; INAPPROPRIATE; SPECIFICITY; RACES AB Most barley cultivars are resistant to stripe rust of wheat that is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. The barley cv. Steptoe is susceptible to all identified races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei (PSH), the barley stripe rust pathogen, but is resistant to most P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races. To determine inheritance of the Steptoe resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, a cross was made between Steptoe and Russell, a barley cultivar susceptible to some P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races and all tested P. striiformis f. sp. hordei races. Seedlings of parents and F-1, BC1, F-2, and F-3 progeny from the barley cross were tested with P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races PST-41 and PST-45 under controlled greenhouse conditions. Genetic analyses of infection type data showed that Steptoe had one dominant gene and one recessive gene (provisionally designated as RpstS1 and rpstS2, respectively) for resistance to races PST-41 and PST-45. Genomic DNA was extracted from the parents and 150 F-2 plants that were tested for rust reaction and grown for seed of F-3 lines. The infection type data and polymorphic markers identified using the resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) technique were analyzed with the Map-maker computer program to map the resistance genes. The dominant resistance gene in Steptoe for resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races was mapped on barley chromosome 4H using a linked microsatellite marker, HVM68. A linkage group for the dominant gene was constructed with 12 RGAP markers and the microsatellite marker. The results show that resistance in barley to the wheat stripe rust pathogen is qualitatively inherited. These genes might provide useful resistance against wheat stripe rust when introgressed into wheat from barley. C1 USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Agr, Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, PNNS 0390, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xiamning@mail.wsu.edu NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 95 IS 8 BP 884 EP 889 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0884 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 949PH UT WOS:000230800100005 PM 18944409 ER PT J AU Hilf, ME Mavrodieva, VA Garnsey, SM AF Hilf, ME Mavrodieva, VA Garnsey, SM TI Genetic marker analysis of a global collection of isolates of Citrus tristeza virus: Characterization and distribution of CTV genotypes and association with symptoms SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWEET ORANGE; SEQUENCE; RNA; DIFFERENTIATION; GENOME AB Genetic markers amplified from three noncontiguous regions by sequence specific printers designed from the partial or complete genome sequences of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates T3, T30, T36, and VT were used to assess genetic relatedness of 372 isolates in an international collection. Eighty-five isolates were judged similar to the T3 isolate, 81 to T30, 11 to T36, and 89 to VT. Fifty-one isolates were mixed infections by two or more identifiable viral genotypes, and 55 isolates could not be assigned unequivocally to a group defined by marker patterns. Maximum parsimony analysis of aligned marker sequences supported the grouping of isolates on the basis of marker patterns only. Specific disease syrup-toms induced in select citrus host plants were shared across molecular groups, although symptoms were least severe among isolates grouped by markers with the T30 isolate and were most severe among isolates grouped by markers with the T3 isolate. Isolates assigned the same genotype showed variable symptoms and symptom severity. A classification strategy for CTV isolates is proposed that combines genetic marker patterns and nucleotide sequence data. C1 USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, USHRL, Orlando, FL 32802 USA. RP Hilf, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, USHRL, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM MHilf@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 95 IS 8 BP 909 EP 917 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0909 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 949PH UT WOS:000230800100009 PM 18944413 ER PT J AU Gent, DH Al-Saadi, A Gabriel, DW Louws, FJ Ishimaru, CA Schwartz, HF AF Gent, DH Al-Saadi, A Gabriel, DW Louws, FJ Ishimaru, CA Schwartz, HF TI Pathogenic and genetic relatedness among Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii and other pathovars of X-axonopodis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa; citrus canker; Citrus aurantifolia; C. paradisi; Xanthomonas campestris pv. allii; X. campestris pv. citri E ID CITRUS BACTERIAL SPOT; LEAF-BLIGHT; POLYPHASIC CHARACTERIZATION; CAMPESTRIS; STRAINS; ONION; FLORIDA; CANKER; NURSERIES; PCR AB Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii is phenotypically and genetically diverse and its relationship to other X. axonopodis pathovars within DNA homology group 9.2 is unknown. In growth chamber experiments, disease symptoms were produced on onion only by inoculation with X. axonopodis pv. allii. Citrus bacterial spot symptoms were induced by X. axonopodis pvs. alfalfae, citrumelo, and allii on Duncan grapefruit and key lime. X. axonopodis pv. allii multiplication and persistence in Duncan grapefruit were equal to those of an aggressive strain of X. axonopodis pv. citrumelo, but populations of X. axonopodis pvs. alfalfae, betlicola, citrumelo, phaseoli, and vesicatoria were 1.3 to 4.0 log units less than X. axonopodis pv. allii in onion. Genomic fingerprinting by repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that X. axonopodis pvs. allii, alfalfae, and citrumelo are distinct from other Xanthomonas species and X. axonopodis pathovars, but these pathovars were indistinguishable from each other. Three genotype groups were apparent among DNA homology group 9.2 strains, and generally correspond to the aggressiveness and genotype groups previously described for X. axonopodis pv. citrumelo. X. axonopodis pvs. allii, alfalfae, and citrumelo appear to have recently diverged from a common ancestral strain. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Schwartz, HF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM howard.schwartz@colostate.edu NR 48 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 95 IS 8 BP 918 EP 925 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0918 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 949PH UT WOS:000230800100010 PM 18944414 ER PT J AU Kim, W Johnson, JW Baenziger, PS Lukaszewski, AJ Gaines, CS AF Kim, W Johnson, JW Baenziger, PS Lukaszewski, AJ Gaines, CS TI Quality effect of wheat-rye (1R) translocation in 'Pavon 76' SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Secale cereale; translocation; wheat quality ID 1B/1R CHROMOSOME-TRANSLOCATION; RED WINTER-WHEAT; AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE; 1BL/1RS TRANSLOCATION; BAKING QUALITY; BREAD WHEATS; ENVIRONMENT; GENOTYPE; GLUTENIN AB A growing interest exists in using wheat for producing both hard and soft wheat products. It would be desirable if 1RS translocations in hard wheat could produce flour suitable for soft wheat products. The objective of this study was to test the effects of centric translocations of chromosome 1 from different rye sources for end-use quality. The quality influences of the 1RS and 1RL translocations and 1R substitutions from different rye sources were studied in a set of hard spring wheat 'Pavon 76' (CIMMYT) lines in three environments in Georgia. The protein concentration of the 1RL translocations was the highest while the 1RS translocations showed no difference in protein concentration compared with that of controls. The 1RS translocations increased alkaline water retention capacity while the 1RL translocations reduced it. T1DS(.)1RL was preferred for soft wheat products over other genotypes. C1 Korea Univ, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Div Biosci & Techol, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Kim, W (reprint author), Korea Univ, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Div Biosci & Techol, Anam Dong, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM kwook@korea.ac.kr RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 124 IS 4 BP 334 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01133.x PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 950WJ UT WOS:000230889100004 ER PT J AU Goldman, JJ Sims, PL AF Goldman, JJ Sims, PL TI Production of an interspecific hybrid between Texas and Argentine bluegrass SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Poa arachnifera; Poa ligularis; interspecific hybridization AB Texas and Argentine bluegrass are both dioecious Poa species with distinct morphological characteristics. Argentine bluegrass has a bunch-type growth habit, fine upright leaves and does not produce rhizomes. Texas bluegrass spreads by rhizomes and has wider, longer leaves. In an effort to produce novel germplasm with forage or turf potential, experiments were conducted to determine whether hybrid seed could be produced. Crosses were made using pollen from an Argentine male to fertilize two Texas female plants. Parents were induced to flower in the greenhouse by extending the photoperiod to 18 h with 400 W high-pressure sodium lamps from late December to April. The two crosses produced > 200 seeds each. Hybrid seedlings segregated for traits from both parents. A sorghum-derived SSR marker confirmed the hybrid nature of a group of seedlings. Seeds harvested from F-1 plants using Texas or Texas x Argentine pollen lost the undesirable cottony characteristic of Texas bluegrass. Evaluations for forage and turf potential of hybrid and later generation seed are planned. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Goldman, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM jgoldman@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 124 IS 4 BP 419 EP 420 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01113.x PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 950WJ UT WOS:000230889100021 ER PT J AU Karnosky, DF Pregitzer, KS Zak, DR Kubiske, ME Hendrey, GR Weinstein, D Nosal, M Percy, KE AF Karnosky, DF Pregitzer, KS Zak, DR Kubiske, ME Hendrey, GR Weinstein, D Nosal, M Percy, KE TI Scaling ozone responses of forest trees to the ecosystem level in a changing climate SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Populus tremuloides; carbon accumulation and allocation; carbon dioxide; C and N cycling; climate change; ecosystem scaling; modelling; pest interactions; trembling aspen; tropospheric ozone ID ASPEN POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; OXIDANT AIR-POLLUTION; CO2 AND/OR O-3; TREMBLING ASPEN; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; BETULA-PAPYRIFERA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INTERACTING OZONE; GROWTH-RESPONSES AB Many uncertainties remain regarding how climate change will alter the structure and function of forest ecosystems. At the Aspen FACE experiment in northern Wisconsin, we are attempting to understand how an aspen/birch/maple forest ecosystem responds to long-term exposure to elevated carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and ozone (O(3)), alone and in combination, from establishment onward. We examine how O(3) affects the flow of carbon through the ecosystem from the leaf level through to the roots and into the soil micro-organisms in present and future atmospheric CO(2) conditions. We provide evidence of adverse effects of O(3), with or without co-occurring elevated CO(2), that cascade through the entire ecosystem impacting complex trophic interactions and food webs on all three species in the study: trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh). Interestingly, the negative effect of O(3) on the growth of sugar maple did not become evident until 3 years into the study. The negative effect of O(3) effect was most noticeable on paper birch trees growing under elevated CO(2). Our results demonstrate the importance of long-term studies to detect subtle effects of atmospheric change and of the need for studies of interacting stresses whose responses could not be predicted by studies of single factors. In biologically complex forest ecosystems, effects at one scale can be very different from those at another scale. For scaling purposes, then, linking process with canopy level models is essential if O(3) impacts are to be accurately predicted. Finally, we describe how outputs from our long-term multispecies Aspen FACE experiment are being used to develop simple, coupled models to estimate productivity gain/loss from changing O(3). C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Math & Stat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RP Karnosky, DF (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM karnosky@mtu.edu RI Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012 NR 89 TC 163 Z9 178 U1 5 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 28 IS 8 BP 965 EP 981 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01362.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 944MC UT WOS:000230432100002 ER PT J AU Fiscus, EL Booker, FL Burkey, KO AF Fiscus, EL Booker, FL Burkey, KO TI Crop responses to ozone: uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE air pollution; flux; ozone; partitioning; photosynthesis; reactive oxygen species; soybean; translocation; uptake; yield ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; EXTRACELLULAR ASCORBIC-ACID; INDUCED CELL-DEATH; PINTO BEAN-LEAVES; ELEVATED CO2; YIELD RESPONSES; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE AB The inhibitory effects of tropospheric O-3 on crop photosynthesis, growth, and yield have been documented in numerous studies over the past 35 years. In large part, the results of this research supported governmental regulations designed to limit tropospheric O-3 levels to concentrations that affected crop production at economically acceptable levels. Recent studies have brought into question the efficacy of these concentration-based O-3 standards compared with flux-based approaches that incorporate O-3 uptake along with environmental and biotic factors that influence plant responses. In addition, recent studies provide insight into the biochemical mechanisms of O-3 injury to plants. Current interpretations suggest that upon entry into the leaf intercellular space O-3 rapidly reacts with components of the leaf apoplast to initiate a complex set of responses involving the formation of toxic metabolites and generation of plant defence responses that constitute variably effective countermeasures. Plant species and cultivars exhibit a range of sensitivity to O-3, evident as heritable characteristics, that must reflect identifiable biochemical and molecular processes that affect sensitivity to O-3 injury, although their exact makeup remains unclear. Ozone clearly impairs photosynthetic processes, which might include the effects on electron transport and guard cell homeostasis as well as the better-documented effects on carbon fixation via decreased Rubisco activity. Translocation of photosynthate could be inhibited by O-3 exposure as well. Further, the influence of tropospheric O-3 needs to be considered when assessing potential effects of rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2 on crop production. Advances in O-3 flux modelling and improved understanding of biochemical and molecular effects of O-3 on photosynthetic gas exchange and plant defence processes are leading to more complete, integrated assessments of O-3 impacts on crop physiology that continue to support the rationale for maintaining or improving current O-3 air quality standards as well as providing a basis for development of more O-3-tolerant crop lines. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. RP Fiscus, EL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. EM edfiscus01@sprynet.com NR 134 TC 237 Z9 278 U1 7 U2 90 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 28 IS 8 BP 997 EP 1011 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01349.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 944MC UT WOS:000230432100004 ER PT J AU Lartey, RT Caesar-TonThat, TC Caesar, AJ Shelver, WL Sol, NI Bergman, JW AF Lartey, RT Caesar-TonThat, TC Caesar, AJ Shelver, WL Sol, NI Bergman, JW TI Safflower: A new host of Cercospora beticola SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LEAF-SPOT; SUGAR-BEET; ALTERNARIA-CARTHAMI; DISEASES; WEIGHT AB Safflower is an oilseed crop adapted to the small-grain production areas of the western Great Plains, including the Northern Plains Area (NPA). In the NPA, safflower production is being evaluated for potential rotation with sugar beet. Safflower is susceptible to Cercospora carthami, whereas sugar beet is susceptible to C. beticola. C. carthami has not been observed on safflower in the NPA but C. beticola is ubiquitous on sugar beet. Observation of unusual leaf spots on irrigated safflower cv. Centennial at Sidney, MT prompted this investigation of safflower as a potential alternate host of C. beticola. Safflower plants were inoculated with four isolates of C. beticola (C1, C2, Sid1, and Sid2) and incubated in growth chambers; leaf spot symptoms appeared between 3 and 4 weeks later. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of extracts front lesion leaf tissue with C. beticola-specific primers produced fragments comparable with amplified fragments from purified cultures of control C. beticola. PCR assay Of Cultures of single spores from diseased safflower leaf lesions also produced fragments comparable with fragments from C. beticola Cultures. Antibody that was raised from isolate C2 also bound to antigens from the single-spore cultures of the four C. beticola isolates. Inoculum from single-spore cultures from infected safflower also infected sugar beet and produced typical Cercospora leaf spot symptoms. Assay of these leaf lesions by PCR resulted in amplification of target fragments with the C. beticola-specific primers. Our results demonstrate that safflower is a new host of C. beticola. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Montana State Univ, Eastern Agr Res Ctr, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Lartey, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM rlartey@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 89 IS 8 BP 797 EP 801 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0797 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 949GM UT WOS:000230773100002 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ Martinelli, JA AF Leonard, KJ Martinelli, JA TI Virulence of oat crown rust in Brazil and Uruguay SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE balancing selection; coevolution ID F-SP AVENAE; PUCCINIA-CORONATA; UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE; STERILIS; POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE; FUNGUS AB Race-specific resistance to crown rust, the most important disease of oat (Avena sativa) in Brazil, often fails within a few years of use in Brazilian cultivars. Virulence of 144 isolates of Puccinia coronata from cultivated oat in Brazil in 1997 to 1999 and 36 isolates from Uruguay in 1994-95 and 1998 was tested on a set of 27 oat crown rust differentials lines, each with a different Pc gene for race-specific resistance. Frequencies of virulence and mean virulence complexity were compared among these five collections from Brazil and Uruguay as well as with mean virulence complexity for a collection of 17 isolates from cultivated oat in western Siberia in Russia. Virulence-avirulence for each of the 27 Pc genes was polymorphic in both Brazil and Uruguay. Virulence frequencies were similar for collections from Brazil in 1998 and 1999 and for the collection from Uruguay from 1998, but there were large differences between the 1997 collection and the 1998 and 1999 collections from Brazil. Mean virulence complexity in both Brazil and Uruguay was greater than reported in the United States and much greater than in the Russian collection of P. coronata. A large number of races of P. coronata were found, with no more than five isolates of any race found in a single year in Brazil or Uruguay. The high virulence complexity and great diversity of virulence polymorphisms in Brazil and Uruguay make it unlikely that race-specific resistance can be effective there even though the South American populations of P. coronata are apparently entirely asexual. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. UFRGS, Fac Agron, BR-90012970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kurt1@umn.edu NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 89 IS 8 BP 802 EP 808 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0802 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 949GM UT WOS:000230773100003 ER PT J AU Zhang, JX Fernando, WGD Remphrey, WR AF Zhang, JX Fernando, WGD Remphrey, WR TI Molecular detection of Apiosporina morbosa, causal agent of black knot in Prunus virginiana SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Dibotryon morbosum; 'Shubert Select' ID SOUR CHERRY; PCR; PRIMERS; SEQUENCE; FUNGI AB A specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect Apio-sporina morbosa, the causal agent of black knot disease on chokecherry, Prunus virginiana (including the cultivar 'Shubert Select'). A pair of A. morbosa-specific forward and reverse primers (AMF and AMR) was designed from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of A. morbosa, preamplified by universal ITS primers ITS1 and ITS4, and compared with the ITS region sequences of Fusarium, Alternaria, Phoma, and Cladosporium species associated with black knots. The primers were tested for their specificity to A. morbosa detection in the PCR assays using DNA derived from 64 pure cultures, including 42 single-spore isolates of A. morbosa and 22 isolates of other fungi, as well as healthy and diseased plant branches collected from the field. A product of similar to 400 bp was amplified from DNA of all isolates belonging to A. morbosa. No product was amplified from DNA of other fungal species, confirming the specificity of the newly designed primers. Within plant tissues, the pathogen was detected at further distances from the edges of knots on thicker branches bearing larger knots compared with thinner branches bearing smaller knots. The PCR assay has shown high sensitivity, needing only 100 fg of the A. morbosa DNA for a reliable PCR amplification with the AMF and AMR primers. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Plant Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Fernando, WGD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM D_Fernando@Umanitoba.ca NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 89 IS 8 BP 815 EP 821 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0815 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 949GM UT WOS:000230773100005 ER PT J AU Tennant, P Ahmad, MH Gonsalves, D AF Tennant, P Ahmad, MH Gonsalves, D TI Field resistance of coat protein transgenic papaya to Papaya ringspot virus in Jamaica SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE horticultural evaluation; transgenic resistance ID CARICA-PAPAYA; GENE; TRANSFORMATION; PLANTS; LINES; RNA AB Transgenic papayas (Carica papaya) containing translatable coat protein (CPT) or nontranslatable coat protein (CPNT) gene constructs were evaluated over two generations for field resistance to Papaya ringspot virus in a commercial papaya growing area in Jamaica. Reactions of R-0 CPT transgenic lines included no symptoms and mild or severe leaf and fruit symptoms. All three reactions were observed in one line and among different lines. Trees of Most CPNT lines exhibited severe symptoms of infection, and some also showed mild symptoms. R-1 offspring showed reactions previously observed with parental R-0 trees; however, reactions not previously observed or a lower incidence of the reaction were also obtained. The transgenic lines appear to possess virus disease resistance that can be manipulated in subsequent generations for the development of a product with acceptable commercial performance. C1 Univ W Indies, Ctr Biotechnol, Mona, Jamaica. Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, Mona, Jamaica. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Tennant, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 99 Aupuni St,Ste 204, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM paula.tennant@uwimona.edu.jm NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 89 IS 8 BP 841 EP 847 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0841 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 949GM UT WOS:000230773100009 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Garrett, KA Peterson, DE Harvey, TL Bowden, RL Fang, L AF Jiang, W Garrett, KA Peterson, DE Harvey, TL Bowden, RL Fang, L TI The window of risk for emigration of Wheat streak mosaic virus varies with host eradication method SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ACERIA-TULIPAE KEIFER; CURL MITE ACARI; ERIOPHYIDAE; SURVIVAL; KANSAS; RANGE; INFECTION; STRAINS; SORGHUM; FLORIDA AB The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, the vector of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), often survives the summer on volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum) and may disperse from this "green bridge" in fall to newly planted winter wheat. Because some methods for managing volunteer wheat do not directly kill WCM, there is a window of risk for WCM and WSMV emigration after management has been applied. WCM survival in response to treatment of wheat by glyphosate, paraquat, stem cutting, and withholding water was measured in greenhouse experiments to determine how this window of risk for emigration varies with management. WCM populations on plants treated with paraquat or stem cutting decreased from the beginning of the sampling period. WCM populations on plants treated with glyphosate or that received no water increased up to 3 days after application and then decreased by 10 days after application. If glyphosate is used to manage volunteer wheat infested with WCM, it should be applied well before wheat is planted in fall. WCM in declining populations tended to be in an upright posture that could facilitate emigration via wind. The total green leaf area was strongly correlated with the number of WCM for treated plants and could be used in the field to predict the posttreatment survival of mites that pose a risk of emigration. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Garrett, KA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kgarrett@ksu.edu RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 89 IS 8 BP 853 EP 858 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0853 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 949GM UT WOS:000230773100011 ER PT J AU Yokomi, RK DeBorde, RL AF Yokomi, RK DeBorde, RL TI Incidence, transmissibility, and genotype analysis of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates from CTV eradicative and noneradicative districts in central California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE aphid transmission ID APHIS-GOSSYPII; MELON APHID; ESTABLISHMENT; POPULATIONS AB Growers in 45% (44,100 ha) of the citrus acreage in California stopped eradicating Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)-infected trees from their fields in 1995-96. The impact of leaving infected trees on the rate of CTV spread was determined by comparing temporal incidence of CTV in plots in Strathmore, Tulare County without eradication with incidence in a plot in McFarland, Kern County with eradication. From 1997 to 2003, CTV incidence in the Strathmore plots ranged from 6 to 42%, with annual spread rates from 1.6 to 3.6%. CTV incidence in the McFarland plot increased from 0 to 5% between 2001 and 2003 before infected trees were removed. Using a subplot hierarchical bulk sampling method, virus incidence over a 3-year period in a 6.5 km(2) area near McFarland was estimated to range from 0.09 to 0.69%, which indicated that CTV suppression was still being achieved in this area. Vector tests using the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, identified highly transmissible isolates (30 to 61% transmission rate) and a larger proportion of highly transmissible isolates were found in the McFarland plots. Thirty-six CTV isolates from recently infected plot trees were obtained and analyzed. None of these isolates reacted with monoclonal antibody MCA13 that detects presumptive CTV severe strains. Molecular analysis using polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific primers showed that all isolates had a genotype identical to the T30 mild isolate from Florida. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Yokomi, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM ryokomi@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 89 IS 8 BP 859 EP 866 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0859 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 949GM UT WOS:000230773100012 ER PT J AU Gerik, JS AF Gerik, JS TI Evaluation of soil fumigants applied by drip irrigation for Liatris production SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES; PEPPER TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION; TOMATO; CHLOROPICRIN; EFFICACY; TOBACCO; WEED AB Cut-flower growers need alternatives to methyl bromide (MB) for pathogen and weed control. The efficacy of alternative chemicals applied by drip irrigation was tested in a cut-flower production system. In 2002, seven chemical formulations were tested: chloropicrin, iodomethane + chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin, sodium azide, metham sodium, furfural + allyl isothiocyanate, and furfural + metham sodium. In 2003, an additional treatment, dimethyl disulfide, was added. Most treatments reduced populations of Pythium ultimum and Fusarium oxysporum and increased stem height compared with the nontreated controls. Metham sodium, furfural + metham sodium, sodium azide, and chloropicrin significantly reduced incidence of Liatris stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Weed control was not acceptable either year for any treatments. Viable alternatives to MB for cut-flower production will require better treatments for weed control than was achieved in this study. C1 USDA ARS, SJVASC, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Gerik, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SJVASC, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jgerik@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 89 IS 8 BP 883 EP 887 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0883 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 949GM UT WOS:000230773100016 ER PT J AU Rowland, D Dorner, J Sorensen, R Beasley, JP Todd, J AF Rowland, D Dorner, J Sorensen, R Beasley, JP Todd, J TI Tomato spotted wilt virus in peanut tissue types and physiological effects related to disease incidence and severity SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; ELISA; gas exchange analysis; photosynthesis; transpiration; tolerance; water-use efficiency ID BEET YELLOWS VIRUS; SUGAR-BEET; GRAPEVINE LEAFROLL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; THRIPS; FIELD; TOSPOVIRUS; CULTIVARS; INFECTION AB Three peanut cultivars, Georgia Green, NC-V11, and ANorden, were grown using production practices that encouraged the development of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The progression of TSWV infection was examined through the season using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests on different tissue types [roots, leaves, pegs (pod attachment stem structures) and pods] and the effect of TSWV infection on physiological functions was examined at three harvest dates. Plants were classed into three severity categories: (i) no TSWV symptoms or previous positive ELISA tests; (ii) less than 50% of leaf tissue exhibiting TSWV symptoms; and (iii) greater than 50% of leaf tissue affected. TSWV showed a slow rate of infection at the beginning of the season and a greater percentage of infection of the roots than in the leaves. Photosynthesis was reduced in virus-affected infected plants by an average of 30% at the mid-season harvest and 51% at the late season harvest compared with virus-free plants across all three cultivars. Leaf tissue with symptoms had lower photosynthetic rates than healthy leaves. There were small differences among cultivars, with cv. ANorden maintaining higher average photosynthetic levels than cv. Georgia Green and higher transpirational levels than cv. NC-V11. The ability to maintain high assimilation physiology in the presence of the virus may help cultivars withstand TSWV infection and maintain final yields. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Rowland, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, 1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM drowland@nprl.usda.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 54 IS 4 BP 431 EP 440 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01241.x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 948PN UT WOS:000230728300001 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Mackey, IC Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, IE Mackey, IC Martin, RR TI Tulip virus X (TVX) associated with lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) variegation: first report of TVX in the USA SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Ctr Gene Res & Biotechnol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM martinrr@science.oregonstate.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 54 IS 4 BP 562 EP 562 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01200.x PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 948PN UT WOS:000230728300018 ER PT J AU Cheng, NH Pittman, JK Shigaki, T Lachmansingh, J LeClere, S Lahner, B Salt, DE Hirschi, KD AF Cheng, NH Pittman, JK Shigaki, T Lachmansingh, J LeClere, S Lahner, B Salt, DE Hirschi, KD TI Functional association of Arabidopsis CAX1 and CAX3 is required for normal growth and ion homeostasis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOSOLIC CA2+ LEVELS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; CATION TRANSPORTER; GUARD-CELLS; H+-ATPASE; EXPRESSION; THALIANA; TOBACCO AB Cation levels within the cytosol are coordinated by a network of transporters. Here, we examine the functional roles of calcium exchanger 1 ( CAX1), a vacuolar H+/Ca2+ transporter, and the closely related transporter CAX3. We demonstrate that like CAX1, CAX3 is also localized to the tonoplast. We show that CAX1 is predominately expressed in leaves, while CAX3 is highly expressed in roots. Previously, using a yeast assay, we demonstrated that an N-terminal truncation of CAX1 functions as an H+/Ca2+ transporter. Here, we use the same yeast assay to show that full-length CAX1 and full-length CAX3 can partially, but not fully, suppress the Ca2+ hypersensitive yeast phenotype and coexpression of full-length CAX1 and CAX3 conferred phenotypes not produced when either transporter was expressed individually. In planta, CAX3 null alleles were modestly sensitive to exogenous Ca2+ and also displayed a 22% reduction in vacuolar H+-ATPase activity. cax1/cax3 double mutants displayed a severe reduction in growth, including leaf tip and flower necrosis and pronounced sensitivity to exogenous Ca2+ and other ions. These growth defects were partially suppressed by addition of exogenous Mg2+. The double mutant displayed a 42% decrease in vacuolar H+/Ca2+ transport, and a 47% decrease in H+-ATPase activity. While the ionome of cax1 and cax3 lines were modestly perturbed, the cax1/cax3 lines displayed increased PO 32 4, Mn2+, and Zn2+ and decreased Ca2+ and Mg2+ in shoot tissue. These findings suggest synergistic function of CAX1 and CAX3 in plant growth and nutrient acquisition. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. SUNY Coll Purchase, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu RI Salt, David/B-3864-2009; OI Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 NR 46 TC 83 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 138 IS 4 BP 2048 EP 2060 DI 10.1104/pp.105.061218 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 955DX UT WOS:000231206600022 PM 16055687 ER PT J AU Engel, ML Davis, RH McCormick, S AF Engel, ML Davis, RH McCormick, S TI Green sperm. Identification of male gamete promoters in Arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; POLLEN DEVELOPMENT; FLOWERING PLANTS; CELLS; ELEMENTS; PROTEIN; MAIZE; FERTILIZATION; SEQUENCES; THALIANA AB Previously, in an effort to better understand the male contribution to fertilization, we completed a maize (Zea mays) sperm expressed sequence tag project. Here, we used this resource to identify promoters that would direct gene expression in sperm cells. We used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to identify probable sperm-specific transcripts in maize and then identified their best sequence matches in the Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana) genome. We tested five different Arabidopsis promoters for cell specificity, using an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene. In pollen, the AtGEX1 ( At5g55490) promoter is active in the sperm cells and not in the progenitor generative cell or in the vegetative cell, but it is also active in ovules, roots, and guard cells. The AtGEX2 (At5g49150) promoter is active only in the sperm cells and in the progenitor generative cell, but not in the vegetative cell or in other tissues. A third promoter, AtVEX1 ( At5g62580), was active in the vegetative cell during the later stages of pollen development; the other promoters tested (At1g66770 and At1g73350) did not function in pollen. Comparisons among GEX1 and GEX2 homologs from maize, rice ( Oryza sativa), Arabidopsis, and poplar ( Populus trichocarpa) revealed a core binding site for Dof transcription factors. The AtGEX1 and AtGEX2 promoters will be useful for manipulating gene expression in sperm cells, for localization and functional analyses of sperm proteins, and for imaging of sperm dynamics as they are transported in the pollen tube to the embryo sac. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu NR 33 TC 74 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 138 IS 4 BP 2124 EP 2133 DI 10.1104/pp.104.054213 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 955DX UT WOS:000231206600028 PM 16055690 ER PT J AU Scofield, SR Huang, L Brandt, AS Gill, BS AF Scofield, SR Huang, L Brandt, AS Gill, BS TI Development of a virus-induced gene-silencing system for hexaploid wheat and its use in functional analysis of the Lr21-mediated leaf rust resistance pathway SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RESISTANCE; SGT1; BARLEY; PLANTS; HSP90; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEIN; GENOME; RAR1; EXPRESSION AB Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an important tool for the analysis of gene function in plants. In VIGS, viruses engineered to carry sequences derived from plant gene transcripts activate the host's sequence-specific RNA degradation system. This mechanism targets the RNAs of the viral genome for degradation, and as the virus contains transcribed plant sequence, homologous host mRNAs are also targeted for destruction. While routinely used in some dicots, no VIGS system was known for monocot plants until the recent report of silencing in barley (Hordeum vulgare) by barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV). Here, we report development of protocols for use of BSMV to efficiently silence genes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). The VIGS system was first optimized in studies silencing phytoene desaturase expression. Next, we used it to assay genes functioning in leaf rust resistance mediated by Lr21, which encodes a nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat class resistance gene product. We demonstrated that infection with BSMV constructs carrying a 150-bp fragment of Lr21 caused conversion of incompatible interactions to compatible, whereas infection with a control construct or one that silences phytoene desaturase had no effect on resistance or susceptibility. Additionally, silencing the RAR1, SGT1, and HSP90 genes, known to be required in many but not all nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat resistance pathways in diverse plant species, resulted in conversion to compatibility, indicating that these genes are essential in Lr21-mediated resistance. These studies indicate that BSMV-VIGS is a powerful tool for dissecting the genetic pathways of disease resistance in hexaploid wheat. C1 USDA, ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Scofield, SR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM scofield@purdue.edu RI Scofield, Steven/C-3868-2016 NR 36 TC 208 Z9 246 U1 6 U2 54 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 138 IS 4 BP 2165 EP 2173 DI 10.1104/pp.105.061861 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 955DX UT WOS:000231206600032 PM 16024691 ER PT J AU Loukoianov, A Yan, LL Blechl, A Sanchez, A Dubcovsky, J AF Loukoianov, A Yan, LL Blechl, A Sanchez, A Dubcovsky, J TI Regulation of VRN-1 vernalization genes in normal and transgenic polyploid wheat SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOWERING TIME; GROWTH HABIT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ALLELIC VARIATION; WINTER HABIT; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; CEREALS; PCR AB Vernalization, the requirement of a long exposure to low temperatures to accelerate flowering, is an essential adaptation of plants to cold winters. The vernalization gene VRN-1 plays an important role in this process in diploid ( Triticum monococcum) and polyploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum). We have recently shown that the diploid wheat VRN-A(m)1 gene was similar to the Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh.) APETALA1 meristem identity gene. We also showed that dominant Vrn-A(m)1 alleles were the result of loss-of-function mutations in regulatory regions recognized by a VRN-1 repressor, likely VRN-2. This model predicts that only the dominant Vrn-1 allele will be transcribed in lines carrying both recessive and dominant alleles. Here, we confirm this prediction in young isogenic lines of hexaploid wheat carrying different dominant Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, and Vrn-D1 alleles, and also in heterozygous VRN-1 diploid wheat plants. However, a few weeks later, transcripts from the recessive alleles were also detected in both the polyploid and heterozygous diploid spring plants. Transcription of the recessive alleles was preceded by a reduction of the transcript levels of VRN-2. These results suggest that the dominant Vrn-1 allele or a gene regulated by VRN-1 down-regulates the VRN-2 repressor facilitating the transcription of the recessive alleles in unvernalized plants. We also show here that the level of VRN-1 transcripts in early developmental stages is critical for flowering initiation. A reduction of VRN-1 transcript levels by RNA interference delayed apex transition to the reproductive stage, increased the number of leaves, and delayed heading time by 2 to 3 weeks. We hypothesize that the coordinated transcription of dominant and recessive alleles may contribute to an earlier attainment of the VRN-1 transcript level threshold required to trigger flowering initiation in polyploid wheat. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 NR 27 TC 113 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 138 IS 4 BP 2364 EP 2373 DI 10.1104/pp.105.064287 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 955DX UT WOS:000231206600050 PM 16055679 ER PT J AU Shockey, JM Dhanoa, PK Dupuy, T Chapitala, DC Mullen, RT Dyer, JM AF Shockey, JM Dhanoa, PK Dupuy, T Chapitala, DC Mullen, RT Dyer, JM TI Cloning, functional analysis, and subcellular localization of two isoforms of NADH : cytochrome b(5) reductase from developing seeds of tung (Vernicia fordii) SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vernicia fordii; tung; NADH cytochrome b(5) reductase; Arabidopsis thaliana; endoplasmic reticulum; mitochondria ID ENCODING DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASE; ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN; RICINUS-COMMUNIS L; FATTY-ACID; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ARABIDOPSIS CONTAINS; SN-2 POSITION; RAPESEED OIL; GENE FAMILY AB Two genes and the corresponding cDNAs for NADH:cytochrorne b(5) reductase (VfCBR1A and VfCBR1B) from tung (Vernicia fordii) were cloned and characterized. Both lung genes are expressed at similar levels in various organs throughout the plant, but differ substantially in their genomic architecture. Phylogenetic comparisons of many cloned and putative CBR genes from plants and yeast revealed two general classes of sequences. The separation of the classes likely reflects differences in the subcellular targeting of the two types of proteins. Immunofluorescence analyses of tobacco BY-2 cells containing transiently expressed tung CBR1A, CBR1B, or Arabidopsis thaliana CBR revealed definitive targeting of the proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum while a previously uncharacterized Arabidopsis CBR protein was targeted specifically to mitochondria. After overexpression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, VfCBR1A was enzymatically active, and like its Arabidopsis ortholog, displayed strict specificity for NADH as the reductant. The subcellular localization and biochemical properties of the tung enzymes are consistent with a potential role in fatty acid desaturation and conjugation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Dyer, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jdyer@srrc.ars.usda.gov OI Shockey, Jay/0000-0002-5057-5457 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 169 IS 2 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.03.023 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 951NX UT WOS:000230938500011 ER PT J AU Karabulut, OA Romanazzi, G Smilanick, JL Lichter, A AF Karabulut, OA Romanazzi, G Smilanick, JL Lichter, A TI Postharvest ethanol and potassium sorbate treatments of table grapes to control gray mold SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grey mold; Vitis vinifera; alcohol ID HOT-WATER; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; DECAY; ASPERGILLUS; FRUIT AB Germination of Botrytis cinerea spores on potato dextrose agar after a 30 s immersion in 10 or 20% ethanol was 87 and 56%, respectively, compared to 99% among untreated controls. After similar immersion in 0.5 or 1.0% potassium sorbate, 84 and 68% of the spores germinated, respectively. Addition of 0.5 and 1.0% potassium sorbate to 10 and 20% ethanol solution significantly increased the inhibition of spore germination. The germination of spores after 30 s immersion in 20% ethanol plus 0.5% potassium sorbate was 9.7%. The incidence of gray mold, caused by B. cinerea, on detached berries of 'Flame Seedless' grapes immersed for 30 s in water, 10 and 20% ethanol, and 0.5 or 1.0% potassium sorbate was 55.2, 42.1, 31.0, 37.7, or 24.4%, respectively. Addition of 0.5 and 1.0% potassium sorbate to 10 and 20% ethanol reduced decay to 10% or less and was more effective than either alone. After 30 days of storage at 1 degrees C, the combination of 20% ethanol either with 0.5 or 1.0% potassium sorbate was equal in efficacy to commercial SO2 generator pads in reducing the incidence of gray mold on 'Thompson Seedless' grapes. None of the combinations of ethanol and potassium sorbate injured the berries. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-16059 Gorukle, Turkey. Polytechn Univ Marche, Dept Environm & Crop Sci, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci Fresh Prod, Inst Technol & Storage Agr Prod, IL-50205 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Karabulut, OA (reprint author), Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-16059 Gorukle, Turkey. EM ozgurk1973@yahoo.com RI Romanazzi, Gianfranco/C-8981-2012 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.04.001 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 956VT UT WOS:000231328800004 ER PT J AU McReynolds, J Kubena, L Byrd, J Anderson, R Ricke, S Nisbet, D AF McReynolds, J Kubena, L Byrd, J Anderson, R Ricke, S Nisbet, D TI Evaluation of Salmonella enteritidis in molting hens after administration of an experimental chlorate product (for nine days) in the drinking water and feeding an alfalfa molt diet SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Samonella; molt; alfalfa diet; chlorate; drinking water ID LEGHORN HENS; SODIUM-CHLORATE; CECAL BACTERIA; BROILER CHICKS; UNITED-STATES; COLONIZATION; REDUCTION; INFECTION; INVASION; CROP AB The method most commonly used to induce molting and stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles in laying hens for commercial egg production is to fast the hens. Unfortunately, increased risk of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infection may result from the use of this method. Methods to stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles without increasing the risk of SE infection are needed. Hens over 50 wk of age were divided into 12 groups of 11 hens each and placed in individual laying cages. One week prior to dietary changes, hens were placed on an 8-h light and 16-h dark photoperiod that continued for the 9-d molt. All hens were challenged orally with 10(6) cfu of SE on the fourth day of the molt. Treatments were nonfed hens with distilled water (NFD), nonfed hens with the experimental chlorate product (ECP, which provided 15 mM chlorate ion) water (NFECP), alfalfa diets with distilled water (ALD), and alfalfa diets with ECP water (ALECP). In the NFD hens, 67% (log(10) 2.74) of the crops and 94% (log(10) 5.62) of the ceca were colonized, whereas for the NFECP hens significant reductions to 22% (log(10) 1.05) of the crops and 61% (log(10) 2.44) of the ceca were observed. In the ALD hens, 61% (log(10) 2.52) of the crops and 94% (log(10) 4.06) of the ceca were colonized. In the ALECP hens, highly significant reductions to 11% (log(10) 1.26) of the crops and 39% (log(10) 1.12) of the ceca were observed. When compared with the NFD hens, significant reductions in SE invasion of the ovary, liver, and spleen occurred in all other treatments, except the ovary in the ALD hens. The low alfalfa intake is probably a factor in our lowered protection against SE when compared with previous results. For several parameters, these results suggest that ECP or the combination of ECP and alfalfa may be a useful tool to reduce the risk of SE during an induced molt. C1 ARS, USDA, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McReynolds, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SPARC, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mcreynolds@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1186 EP 1190 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 952HS UT WOS:000230995200005 PM 16156201 ER PT J AU Yan, F Angel, R Ashwell, C Mitchell, A Christman, M AF Yan, F Angel, R Ashwell, C Mitchell, A Christman, M TI Evaluation of the broiler's ability to adapt to an early moderate deficiency of phosphorus and calcium SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; phosphorus; calcium; retention; adaptation ID SODIUM-PHOSPHATE COTRANSPORTER; APPARENT METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; PHYTIC ACID; DIETARY PHOSPHATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; BINDING PROTEIN; SOYBEAN-MEAL; VITAMIN-D AB We studied the ability of broiler chickens to adapt to early moderate P and Ca deficiencies by evaluating the impact of feeding different concentrations of P and Ca, from I to IS d, on performance, bone characteristics, and nutrient absorption in the grower (Gr) period (18 to 32 d). Two starter (St) diets were fed from 1 to 18 d: a control (C) diet [0.45% nonphytate P (nPP) and 0.9% Ca] and a low (L) diet (0.30% nPP and 0.6% Ca). On d 19, half of the birds fed the St C diet were switched to a Gr C diet (0.40% nPP and 0.8% Ca), and the other half were switched to a Gr L diet (0.30% nPP and 0.6% Ca), whereas those fed the L diet in the St phase were fed the L diet in the Gr phase, resulting in a total of 3 treatments. Broiler chickens fed the St L diet weighed less (P < 0.05) than those fed the St C diet at 18 d; however, by 23 d they had they caught up to the C-C birds, and no BW differences (P > 0.05) were observed at 28 and 32 d. Feeding the St L diet resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) tibia ash at 18 d, but by 32 d their tibia ash was not different from that of birds fed the St C and Gr L diets. Broilers subjected to P and Ca restriction from hatch to 18 d absorbed more P and Ca during all times sampled than birds fed the St C and Gr C diets or those fed the St C and the Gr L diet. These results demonstrated that modern broilers exhibited a high adaptive capacity when they were exposed to early dietary P or Ca restrictions. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Angel, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rangel@umd.edu NR 44 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1232 EP 1241 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 952HS UT WOS:000230995200011 PM 16156207 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Lott, BD Branton, SL AF Dozier, WA Lott, BD Branton, SL TI Live performance of male broilers subjected to constant or increasing air velocities at moderate temperatures with a high dew point SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; air velocity; dew point; moderate temperature AB This study examined the effects of varying air velocities vs. a constant air velocity with a cyclic temperature curve of 25-30-25 degrees C and a dew point of 23 degrees C on broilers from 28 to 49 d of age. Four replicate trials were conducted. In each trial, 742 male broilers were randomly allocated to 6 floor pens or 2 air velocity tunnels, with each tunnel consisting of 4 pens. Bird density, feeder, and waterer space were similar across all pens (53 birds/pen; 0.07 m(2)/bird). The treatments were control (still air), constant air velocity of 120 m/min, and increasing air velocity (90 m/min from 28 to 35 cl, 120 m/min from 36 to 42 d, and 180 m/min from 43 to 49 d). Birds grown in a still air environment gained less weight, consumed less feed, and converted feed less efficiently between 28 and 49 d than birds subjected to moving air (constant or increasing). Growth responses between the air velocity treatments were similar from 28 to 35 and 36 to 42 d of age. Increasing air velocity to 180 m/min improved (P <= 0.02) the growth rate of broilers from 43 to 49 d of age over birds receiving an air velocity of 120 m/min, but the incidence of mortality was not affected. These results provide evidence that increasing air velocity from 120 to 180 m/min is beneficial to broilers weighing 2.5 kg or greater when exposed to moderate temperatures. C1 ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1328 EP 1331 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 952HS UT WOS:000230995200023 PM 16156219 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Thaxton, JP Branton, SL Morgan, GW Miles, DM Roush, WB Lott, BD Vizzier-Thaxton, Y AF Dozier, WA Thaxton, JP Branton, SL Morgan, GW Miles, DM Roush, WB Lott, BD Vizzier-Thaxton, Y TI Stocking density effects on growth performance and processing yields of heavy broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth performance; processing yield; broiler ID PLACEMENT DENSITY; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; CHICKENS; WATER; TIME AB This study examined responses of male broilers during a 49-d production cycle to 4 placement densities in 2 trials. Trials were pooled because no treatment x trial interaction occurred. In each trial, 1,488 male chicks were randomly placed into 32 floor pens to simulate final densities of 30 (37 chicks/pen), 35 (43 chicks/pen), 40 (50 chicks/pen), and 45 (56 chicks/pen) kg of BW/m(2) of floor space based on a projected final BW of 3.29 kg. Growth rate and nutrient utilization were similar (P >= 0.05) among the treatments from 1 to 32 d of age. From 1 to 49 d, BW gain (P = 0.011) and feed consumption (P = 0.029) were adversely affected by increasing the placement density from 30 to 45 kg of BW/m(2) of floor space. The reduction in cumulative BW gain due to placement density can be partially explained by less feed consumption as evidenced by 95.4% of the sums of squares of BW gain being attributable to feed consumption. Litter moisture content (P = 0.025) and foot pad lesion score (P = 0.001) increased linearly with increasing placement density. Upon processing, whole carcass and breast meat yields relative to BW were not affected (P ! 0.05) as density increased from 30 to 45 kg/m(2). The proportion of whole carcasses with scratches, but not tears, on the back and thighs increased (P = 0.021) as density increased. These results indicate that increasing the density beyond 30 kg/m(2) elicited some negative effects on live performance of heavy broilers. C1 ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, USDA, Forage & Waste Management Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1332 EP 1338 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 952HS UT WOS:000230995200024 PM 16156220 ER PT J AU Animut, G Goetsch, AL Aiken, GE Puchala, R Detweiler, G Krehbiel, CR Merkel, RC Sahlu, T Dawson, LJ Johnson, ZB Gipson, TA AF Animut, G Goetsch, AL Aiken, GE Puchala, R Detweiler, G Krehbiel, CR Merkel, RC Sahlu, T Dawson, LJ Johnson, ZB Gipson, TA TI Grazing behavior and energy expenditure by sheep and goats co-grazing grass/forb pastures at three stocking rates SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goat; sheep; co-grazing; energy expenditures; behavior; stocking rate ID HEART-RATE; DAIRY-COWS; CATTLE; REQUIREMENTS; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; SELECTION; BALANCE; SEASON AB A study was conducted to assess effects of stocking rate (SR) on grazing behavior and energy expenditure (EE) by growing sheep and goat wethers co-grazing grass/forb pastures. Grazing was for 16-week periods in 2002 and 2003. Pastures consisted of various grasses, primarily bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), and forbs (e.g., ragwecd Ambrosia spp.). Sheep (Khatadin) and goats (>= 75% Boer) averaged 21 +/- 0.7 and 21 +/- 0.5 kg initial BW, respectively, and were 4-5 months of age when grazing began. Stocking rates were four (SR4), six (SR6), and eight (SR8) animals per 0.4-ha pasture, with equal numbers of sheep and goats. The nine pastures (three/treatment) were divided into four paddocks that were rotationally grazed in 2-week periods. In weeks 3. 8, and 13 of both years, EE was determined on one goat and one sheep in each pasture via heart rate. In the same weeks, behavioral observations (position and activity) were made every 30 min of 13.5 h of daylight on two goats and two sheep in each pasture. Grazing behavior using IGER Grazing Behavior Monitoring System units was also measured over 24-h periods on animals used for EE measurement. Based on visual observations, grazing (52.7, 57.1, and 61.4%) and standing time (61.1, 66.3, and 69.8%) increased and idle time in daylight (24.2, 21.1, and 15.9% for SR4, SR6, and SR8, respectively) decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as SR increased. Species interacted (P < 0.05) with year in daylight time spent standing and ruminating. Grazing time during daylight was similar between species (56.1 and 58.0% for sheep and goats, respectively), although idle time was greater (P < 0.05) for goats (23.6% versus 17.2%; S.E. = 1.41). Time spent ruminating in daylight was similar among SR but was greater for sheep in year 2 but not year 1 (year 1, 22.3% versus 19.0%; year 2, 27.8% versus 15.1% for sheep and goats, respectively S.E. = 1.44). Based on the IGER units, the number of steps increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing SR (2279, 2707, and 2788 for SR4, SR6, and SR8, respectively (S.E. = 96.4)), but was similar for the two species. As SR increased. time spent eating increased (7.4. 8.4, and 9.6 h) and time spent lying (11.0, 10.2, and 8.9 h), ruminating (7.9, 7.7, and 6.8h), and idle (8.6, 8.0, and 7.6 h for SR4. SR6. and SRS. respectively) decreased (p < 0.05). Goats spent less time eating (1.1 h) and more time idle (0.7h) than did sheep (P < 0,05). SR. species. and bear interacted (p < 0.05) in EE of wethers (year 1. sheep: 510. 569, and 572kJ/Kg BW0.75. year 2, sheep: 572.597, and 648 kJ/kg BW0.75 year 1, goat: 524, 524, and 640 kJ/kg BW0.75 year 2, goat: 499, 496. and 551 kJ/kg BW0.75 for SR4, SR6, and SR8, S.E. = 17.0). In summary, influences of SR on grazing time and EE can vary with grazing, season, With forage conditions of this study, SR had similar effects on grazing behavior of sheep and goats when co-grazing. Effects of SR on ET ma contribute to impact on ADG by small ruminants. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu NR 43 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2-3 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.05.014 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 958QH UT WOS:000231462300008 ER PT J AU Animut, G Goetsch, AL Aiken, GE Puchala, R Detweiler, G Krehbiel, CR Merkel, RC Sahlu, T Dawson, LJ Johnson, ZB Gipson, TA AF Animut, G Goetsch, AL Aiken, GE Puchala, R Detweiler, G Krehbiel, CR Merkel, RC Sahlu, T Dawson, LJ Johnson, ZB Gipson, TA TI Performance and forage selectivity of sheep and goats co-grazing grass/forb pastures at three stocking rates SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goat; sheep; co-grazing; stocking rate; mixed pastures ID DIET PREFERENCES; LEGUME PASTURE; WHITE CLOVER; CATTLE; BEHAVIOR; PRODUCTIVITY; RUMINANTS; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; WOODLAND AB Differences among ruminant species in forage selectivity offer potential for efficient utilization of pastures with diverse arrays of plant species. One common management strategy that may influence forage selectivity is stocking rate (SR). Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine effects of SR on performance and forage selectivity of growing sheep and goat wethers, co-grazing grass/forb pastures. Grazing was for 16 weeks in 2002 and 2003. Pastures consisted of various grasses, primarily bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), and forbs (e.g., ragweed; Ambrosia spp.). Sheep (Khatadin) and goats (75% Boer) averaged 21 +/- 0.7 and 21 +/- 0.5 kg initial BW, respectively, and were 4-5 months of age when grazing began. Stocking rates were four (SR4), six (SR6), and eight (SR8) animals per 0.4-ha pasture, with equal numbers of sheep and goats. The nine pastures (three/treatment) were divided into four paddocks for rotational grazing in 2-week periods. Forage mass (pre- and post-grazed) and composition of grass versus forbs were determined by quadrat samples and transect analysis, respectively. BW was measured every 4 weeks and preference values for grass, forbs, and ragweed (10: highest possible preference; 0: consumption in proportion to availability; -10: no consumption) were determined from fecal microhistology and transect measures. There was a year x SR interaction (P < 0.05) in herbage DM mass before grazing (year 1: 2937, 3298, and 3351 kg/ha; year 2: 3033, 2928, and 2752 kg/ha for SR4, SR6, and SR8, respectively (S.E. = 174.4)). Post-grazed forage mass decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as SR increased (2279, 1693, and 1288 kg/ha for SR4, SR6, and SR8, respectively (S.E. = 102.6)). In vitro true DM digestibility of pre-grazed forage samples was similar among SR, but SR x year interacted (P < 0.05) for post-grazed samples (year 1: 57.0, 54.4, and 53.5; year 2: 56.8, 49.0, and 48.3 for SR4, SR6, and SR8, respectively (S.E. = 2.16).Year and SR interacted (P < 0.05) in the percentage of grass in pasture, post-racing determined by transect (year 1: 64. 69, and 74% year 2: 50, 66, and 73% for SR4, SR6, and SR8, respectively (S.E. = 8.4)) The preference for grasses was higher and that for total forbs lower for sheep than for goats (P < 0.05). The preference value for ragweed measured in year 2. as lower (p < 0.05) for sheep than for goats (-1.6 versus 0.2) and increased linearly with increasing, SR. Average daily, gain tended (p < 0.10) to decrease linearly as SR increased (61.51. and 47g/day). and total BW gain per hectare increased linearly (p < 0.05: 610.759 and 933 g/day for SR4, SR6, and SR8, respectively). In conclusion. post-grazing herbage mass > 1000 Kg/ha at most measurement times suggests that decreasing forage availability with increasing SR may not have been primarily or solely responsible for the effect on ADG by limiting DM intake. Rather, the effect of SR on available forage mass could have limited the ability of both sheep and goats to compensate for the effect of SR on forage nutritive value. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu NR 39 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2-3 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.05.015 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 958QH UT WOS:000231462300009 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Moore, PA AF Smith, DR Moore, PA TI Soil extractable phosphorus changes with time after application of fertilizer: II. Manure from swine fed modified diets SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE manure applications; phytase; extractable P in soil; swine manure; aluminum chloride ID ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE; PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS; POULTRY LITTER; RUNOFF; MINERALIZATION; DIGESTIBILITY; MEHLICH-3; LOSSES AB Little is known about how diet modification and manure amendments affect extractable P in soils, which can be related to runoff P. The. objectives of this study were to determine if there were any effects on water extractable soil, Mehlich 3, Morgan, or Olsen P with time due to fertilization with manure from dietary modification or manure amendment treatments. Soils containing high and low soil test P (STP) were fertilized with swine manure from two diets (normal and phytase) and two manure treatment regimes (control and aluminum chloride). Soils were incubated and analyzed at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after fertilization. After 16 weeks, water extractable soil, Mehlich 3, and Morgan P decreased by 35, 14, and 66 %, respectively, in high STP soil and 75, 27,. and 74 %, respectively, in low STP soil. Final Olsen extractable P levels were similar to initial values for high STP soil and were reduced by 59 % in the low STP soil. Phytase increased water extractable P by 13 and 6 mg center dot L-1, in high and low STP soils, respectively, whereas AlCl3 decreased water extractable P by 8 and 6 mg center dot L-1 in high and low STP soils, respectively. When phytase and AlCl3 were used together, resulting P levels were not statistically different than unfertilized soil at 16 weeks. These results indicate that use of dietary modification and manure amendments can prolong the capacity of soils to receive manure applications, particularly if threshold STP levels are used as part of a manure management program. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM drsmith@purdue.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 170 IS 8 BP 640 EP 651 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000178201.43546.af PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 959ML UT WOS:000231521800006 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF AF Franzluebbers, AJ Follett, RF TI Greenhouse gas contributions and mitigation potential in agricultural regions of North America: Introduction SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.02.020 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 943CK UT WOS:000230329400001 ER PT J AU Del Grosso, SJ Mosier, AR Parton, WJ Ojima, DS AF Del Grosso, SJ Mosier, AR Parton, WJ Ojima, DS TI DAYCENT model analysis of past and contemporary soil N(2)O and net greenhouse gas flux for major crops in the USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biogeochemical modeling; global warming potential; methane; nitrous oxide; regional analysis; soil carbon ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; AGRICULTURAL LANDS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; METHANE; FERTILIZATION; NITRATE AB The DAYCENT ecosystem model (a daily version of CENTURY) and an emission factor (EF) methodology used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change were used to estimate direct and indirect N(2)O emission for major cropping systems in the USA. The EF methodology is currently used for the USA greenhouse gas inventory but process based models, such as DAYCENT, may yield more reliable results because they account for factors such as soil type, climate, and tillage intensity that are ignored by EF. Comparison of mean annual soil N(2)O flux estimated by DAYCENT and EF with measured data for different cropping systems yielded r(2) values of 0.74 and 0.67, and mean deviations of -6 and +13%, respectively. At the national scale, DAYCENT simulation of total N(2)O emission was similar to 25% lower than estimated using EF. For both models, N(2)O emission was highest in the central USA followed by the northwest, southwest, southeast, and northeast regions. The models simulated roughly equivalent direct N(2)O emission from fertilized crops, but EF estimated greater direct N(2)O emission than DAYCENT for N-fixing crops. DAYCENT and EF estimates of the gaseous component of indirect N(2)O emission (NO + NH(3)) differed little, but DAYCENT estimated approximately twice the indirect emission from NO(3) leaching since it included the contribution of N from N-fixing crops while EF did not. DAYCENT simulations were also performed for no tillage cropping, pre-1940 crop management, and native vegetation. DAYCENT-simulated N(2)O, CO(2), and CH(4) fluxes were converted to CO(2)-C equivalents and combined with fuel use estimates to estimate net global warming potential (GWP(net)). GWP(net) for recent non-rice (Oryza sativa L.) major cropping was 0.43 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) under conventional tillage and 0.29 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) under no tillage, for pre-industrial cropping was 0.25 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1), and for native systems was -0.15 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1). Results from DAYCENT suggest that conversion to no tillage at the national scale could mitigate similar to 20% of USA agricultural emission or similar to 1.5% of total USA emission of greenhouse gases. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Del Grosso, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM delgro@nrel.colostate.edu RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 60 TC 153 Z9 155 U1 5 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 9 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.02.007 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 943CK UT WOS:000230329400002 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Morgan, JA Reeder, JD Ellert, BH Gollany, HT Schuman, GE AF Liebig, MA Morgan, JA Reeder, JD Ellert, BH Gollany, HT Schuman, GE TI Greenhouse gas contributions and mitigation potential of agricultural practices in northwestern USA and western Canada SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE GRACEnet; greenhouse gas flux; soil organic carbon; North America ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; THIN BLACK CHERNOZEM; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; FALLOW TILLAGE MANAGEMENT; NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; TERM CROP ROTATIONS AB Concern over human impact on the global environment has generated increased interest in quantifying agricultural contributions to greenhouse gas fluxes. As part of a research effort called GRACEnet (Greenhouse Gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement Network), this paper summarizes available information concerning management effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)), nitrous oxide (N(2)O), and methane (CH(4)) fluxes in cropland and rangeland in northwestern USA and western Canada, a region characterized by its inherently productive soils and highly variable climate. Continuous cropping under no-tillage in the region increased SOC by 0.27 +/- 0.19 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1), which is similar to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimate for net annual change in C stocks from improved cropland management. Soil organic C sequestration potential for rangelands was highly variable due to the diversity of plant communities, soils, and landscapes, underscoring the need for additional long-term C cycling research on rangeland. Despite high variability, grazing increased SOC by 0.16 +/- 0.12 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) and converting cropland or reclaimed mineland to grass increased SOC by 0.94 +/- 0.86 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1). Although there was generally poor geographical coverage throughout the region with respect to estimates of N(2)O and CH(4) flux, emission of N(2)O was greatest in irrigated cropland, followed by non-irrigated cropland, and rangeland. Rangeland and non-irrigated cropland appeared to be a sink for atmospheric CH(4), but the size of this sink was difficult to determine given the few studies conducted. Researchers in the region are challenged to fill the large voids of knowledge regarding CO(2), N(2)O, and CH(4) flux from cropland and rangeland in the northwestern USA and western Canada, as well as integrate such data to determine the net effect of agricultural management on radiative forcing of the atmosphere. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. USDA, ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. USDA, ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM liebigm@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 184 TC 107 Z9 117 U1 6 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 25 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.02.008 PG 28 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 943CK UT WOS:000230329400003 ER PT J AU Johnson, JMF Reicosky, DC Allmaras, RR Sauer, TJ Venterea, RT Dell, CJ AF Johnson, JMF Reicosky, DC Allmaras, RR Sauer, TJ Venterea, RT Dell, CJ TI Greenhouse gas contributions and mitigation potential of agriculture in the central USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE carbon storage; greenhouse gas; carbon dioxide; agriculture management; managed grass land; nitrous oxide ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; MANURE-AMENDED SOIL; EASTERN CORN-BELT; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; UNITED-STATES; CROP RESIDUE; NO-TILLAGE; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; N2O EMISSIONS AB The central USA contains some of the most productive agricultural land of the world. Due to the high proportion of land area committed to crops and pasture in this region, the carbon (C) stored and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission due to agriculture represent a large percentage of the total for the USA. Our objective was to summarize potential soil organic C (SOC) sequestration and GHG emission from this region and identify how tillage and cropping system interact to modify these processes. Conservation tillage (CST), including no-tillage (NT), has become more widespread in the region abating erosion and loss of organic rich topsoil and sequestering SOC. The rate of SOC storage in NT compared to conventional tillage (CT) has been significant, but variable, averaging 0.40 +/- 0.61 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) (44 treatment pairs). Conversion of previous cropland to grass with the conservation reserve program increased SOC sequestration by 0.56 +/- 0.60 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) (five treatment pairs). The relatively few data on GHG emission from cropland and managed grazing land in the central USA suggests a need for more research to better understand the interactions of tillage, cropping system and fertilization on SOC sequestration and GHG emission. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, ARS, Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Johnson, JMF (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM jjohnson@morris.ars.usda.gov RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 170 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 7 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 73 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.02.010 PG 22 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 943CK UT WOS:000230329400005 ER PT J AU Martens, DA Emmerich, W McLain, JET Johnsen, TN AF Martens, DA Emmerich, W McLain, JET Johnsen, TN TI Atmospheric carbon mitigation potential of agricultural management in the southwestern USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE soil organic carbon; soil inorganic carbon; no-tillage; conservation tillage; irrigation; livestock production ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; SONORAN DESERT ECOSYSTEM; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; METHANE EMISSIONS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; AGGREGATE STABILITY; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT AB Agriculture in the southwestern USA is limited by water supply due to high evaporation and limited seasonal precipitation. Where water is available, irrigation allows for production of a variety of agricultural and horticultural crops. This review assesses the impacts of agriculture on greenhouse gas emission and sequestration of atmospheric C in soils of the hot, dry region of the southwestern USA. In Texas, conservation tillage increased soil organic C by 0.28 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) compared with more intensive tillage. Conversion of tilled row crops to the conservation reserve program or permanent pastures increased soil organic C by 0.32 +/- 0.50 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1). Soil organic C sequestration was dependent on rotation, previous cropping, and type of conservation tillage employed. Relatively few studies have interfaced management and C cycling to investigate the impacts of grazing management on soil organic C, and therefore, no estimate of C balance was available. Irrigated crop and pasture land in Idaho had soil organic C content 10-40 Mg C ha(-1) greater than in dryland, native grassland. Soil salinity must be controlled in cropland as soil organic C content was lower with increasing salinity. Despite 75% of the region's soils being classified as calcic, the potential for sequestration of C as soil carbonate has been only scantly investigated. The region may be a significant sink for atmospheric methane, although in general, trace gas flux from semiarid soils lacks adequate characterization. Agricultural impacts on C cycling will have to be better understood in order for effective C sequestration strategies to emerge. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Martens, DA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dmartens@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 150 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 95 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.02.011 PG 25 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 943CK UT WOS:000230329400006 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ AF Franzluebbers, AJ TI Soil organic carbon sequestration and agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in the southeastern USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE conservation tillage; cover crop; grazing; land use; manure; nitrogen fertilization; pasture ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; POULTRY LITTER; NO-TILLAGE; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; CROPPING SYSTEMS AB Agriculture in the southeastern USA can be highly productive (i.e., high photosynthetic fixation of atmospheric CO(2)) due to warm-moist climatic conditions. However, its impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potential have not been thoroughly characterized. This paper is a review and synthesis of literature pertaining to soil organic C (SOC) sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities in the southeastern USA. Conservation tillage is an effective strategy to regain some of the SOC lost following decades, and in some areas centuries, of intensive soil tillage and erosion. With conventional tillage (CT) as a baseline, SOC sequestration with no tillage (NT) was 0.42 +/- 0.46 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) (10 +/- 5 years). Combining cover cropping with NT enhanced SOC sequestration (0.53 +/- 0.45 Mg ha(-1) year(-1)) compared with NT and no cover cropping (0.28 +/- 0.44 Mg ha(-1) year(-1)). By increasing cropping system complexity, SOC could be increased by 0.22 Mg ha(-1) year(-1), irrespective of tillage management. Taking into account an average C cost of producing and transporting N fertilizer, SOC sequestration could be optimized at 0.24 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) with application of 107 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) on N-responsive crops, irrespective of tillage management. In longer-term studies (5-21 years), poultry litter application led to SOC sequestration of 0.72 +/- 0.67 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) (17 +/- 15% of C applied). Land that was previously cropped and converted to forages sequestered SOC at a rate of 1.03 +/- 0.90 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) (15 +/- 17 years). Limited data suggest animal grazing increases SOC sequestration on upland pastures. By expanding research on SOC sequestration into more diverse pasture and manure application systems and gathering much needed data on methane and nitrous oxide fluxes under almost any agricultural operation in the region, a more complete analysis of greenhouse gas emissions and potential mitigation from agricultural management systems would be possible. This information will be necessary for developing appropriate technological and political solutions to increase agricultural sustainability and combat environmental degradation in the southeastern USA. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 167 TC 135 Z9 144 U1 4 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 120 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.02.012 PG 28 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 943CK UT WOS:000230329400007 ER PT J AU Follett, RF Castellanos, JZ Buenger, ED AF Follett, RF Castellanos, JZ Buenger, ED TI Carbon dynamics and sequestration in an irrigated Vertisol in Central Mexico SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil organic C; C sequestration; cropping systems; wheat-corn rotation; N fertilization; Vertisols ID ORGANIC-MATTER TURNOVER; NATURAL C-13 ABUNDANCE; SOIL; RESIDUE; CROPLAND; TILLAGE; STORAGE AB Conservation tillage could enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, but is rarely used in cropping systems in Mexico, especially under irrigation. A study was conducted on a clayey, smectitic, isothermic Udic Pellustert to evaluate the use of traditional-deep and no-tillage systems on SOC dynamics for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cropping systems. Experimental design was a randomized block of five tillage/crop-rotation (two crops per year) systems with four replications: (WC-CTb) wheat-corn, burning the residues of both crops, plowing and disking twice (WC-CT) wheat-corn under conventional tillage (plowing and disking twice to incorporate crop residues following the harvest of each crop), (WC-NT) wheat-corn under no-till, (WB-CT) wheat-bean under conventional tillage, and (WB-NT) wheat-bean under no-till. Each crop in the sequence received one of three fertilizer-N rates broadcast as urea: (a) 0, 150, and 300 kg N ha(-1) for corn; (b) 0, 40, and 80 kg N ha(-1) for bean; and (c) 0, 125, and 250 kg N ha(-1) for wheat. The baseline year was 1994, and relative changes were measured from 1994 to 1999 for grain yield and residue production, crop residue C and delta(13)C, SOC, soil C/N ratio, and change in soil delta(13)C. Interaction of cropping system x fertilizer-N rate was highly important to grain yield and crop residue production and amount of crop-residue C produced. High N rates increased SOC sequestration and decreased soil C/N ratios. In WC systems, more negative delta(13)C was associated with higher N rates, indicating increased contribution of wheat (a C(3) plant) residue C relative to corn (a C(4) plant). In WB, N-rate and tillage had no effect on SOC sequestration. Highest rate of SOC sequestration was under WC-NT and when increases in SOC from 1994 to 1999 were annualized was 1.0 and 1.9 Mg SOC yr(-1) in the 0-15- and 15-30-cm depths, respectively. Corresponding SOC in 0-15- and 15-30-cm depths in the WC-CT treatment was 0.2 and 0.6 Mg yr(-1) and amounts in all other treatments were equal or lower than those observed for WC-CT. There was a significant correlation between aboveground crop-residue C produced and amount of SOC sequestered. Results from this study indicate no-till on N-fertilized WC systems can potentially increase SOC sequestration on large areas of irrigated Vertisols in Central Mexico while maintaining high crop yields. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. INIFAP, Mexico City 38000, DF, Mexico. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Suite 100,2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ronald.follett@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 148 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.02.013 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 943CK UT WOS:000230329400008 ER PT J AU Follett, RF Shafer, SR Jawson, MD Franzluebbers, A AF Follett, RF Shafer, SR Jawson, MD Franzluebbers, A TI Research and implementation needs to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in the USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE soil organic C; nitrous oxide; greenhouse gas mitigation; agricultural management AB An urgent need exists to understand which agricultural land uses and land resource types have the greatest potential to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributing to global change. Global change is a natural resource issue increasingly contributed to by human activities that now joins other important issues facing agricultural scientists, such as depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil degradation and contamination, and pollution of natural waters by soil sediments and nutrients. Increasing demand for food by the growing global population is resulting in increased GHG emissions, soil disturbance, fossil fuel consumption to produce agricultural products, and biomass burning. To address these issues and the threat of accelerated GHG emissions, this paper addresses: (1) current scientific facts about the attributes of soil and natural resources, (2) strategies for sustainable use of our finite, non-renewable, and fragile land resources, and (3) advances made by agricultural sciences and their potential role in forming policy. Site-specific adaptation of appropriate conservation technologies will be needed for sequestering SOC and reducing nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emission. Adoption of improved conservation technologies to mitigate GHG emission should consider: (i) the rate of C sequestration or GHG mitigation, (ii) the price offered for adopting various practices, (iii) the ease with which producers and land managers can alter land use and management activities, (iv) the potential impacts of targeting regions or practices, (v) the ancillary benefits to soil, water and air quality upon adoption of practices to sequester SOC or mitigate GHG emission, and (vi) the effectiveness and efficiency of various policies. Development of improved conservation technologies to reduce GHG emissions could become part of more comprehensive conservation programs aimed at environmental protection, food security, and agricultural sustainability. An overarching research need is to determine the multiple benefits and trade-offs of improved conservation technologies so that land managers can systematically meet production and environmental goals and so that the most effective policies can be devised. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant & Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Program Staff, Nat Resources & Sustainable Agr Syst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant & Nutr Res Unit, Suite 100,2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.02.014 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 943CK UT WOS:000230329400009 ER PT J AU Jawson, MD Shafer, SR Franzluebbers, A Parkin, TB Follett, RF AF Jawson, MD Shafer, SR Franzluebbers, A Parkin, TB Follett, RF TI GRACEnet: Greenhouse gas reduction through agricultural carbon enhancement network SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; nitrous oxide; methane emission; agricultural management network ID COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; MANAGEMENT IMPACTS; NITROUS-OXIDE; SOIL CARBON; N2O FLUXES; LAND-USE; SEQUESTRATION; METHANE; TILLAGE; CH4 AB GRACEnet (greenhouse gas reduction through agricultural carbon enhancement network) is a new research program initiated by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The primary objectives of GRACEnet are to identify and develop agricultural strategies that will enhance soil C sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to provide a scientific basis for possible C credit and trading programs that could be used to reduce net emissions of greenhouse gases and improve environmental quality. This program will generate information on C storage in agricultural systems, which is needed by producers, program managers, and policy makers. Scenarios evaluated in GRACEnet will not only address mitigation of CO2 emission through soil C sequestration, but also their effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). Both grazing lands (range and pasture) and croplands (irrigated and dryland) will be investigated. The information generated will be applicable at the local (e.g., farm or ranch), regional and national scales. GRACEnet's geographical extent, use of common procedures, and cooperation with other North American C cycle research programs will result in robust information to promote scientifically based conservation technologies that are relevant to national and international policy makers, as well as to agricultural producers and practitioners. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Nat Resources & Sustainable Agr Syst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant & Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Jawson, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Nat Resources & Sustainable Agr Syst, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mdj@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.02.015 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 943CK UT WOS:000230329400010 ER PT J AU Fraedrich, SW Dwinell, LD AF Fraedrich, SW Dwinell, LD TI Effects of dazomet, metam sodium, and oxamyl on Longidorus populations and loblolly pine seedling production SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE disease; forest-tree nursery; nematode; pest management ID APPLIED GRANULAR PESTICIDES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; SOIL FUMIGATION; SUGAR-BEET; PLANT-AGE; ELONGATUS; XIPHINEMA; DAMAGE; NEMATICIDES; PEPPERMINT AB Dazomet, metam sodium, and oxamyl were evaluated for nematode control and production of loblolly pine seedlings in afield infested by a Longidorus sp. Fumigation with dazomet or metam sodium reduced population densities of Longidorus to nondetectable levels early in the growing season but population densities subsequently increased to levels found in untreated control plots by the end of the growing season. Oxamyl had no effect on Longidorus population densities. Seedlings in dazomet-treated plots had significantly greater root and shoot weights than seedlings in control and oxamyl-treated plots within 6 weeks of seed sowing. At the end of the growing season, seedlings in the control and oxamyl plots were very stunted with poorly developed root systems. Seedling shoot length and root collar diameter in dazomet-treated plots averaged 27.4 cm and 4.0 mm, respectively, but in nonfumigated control plots these variables averaged 10.5 and 2.5 mm, respectively. Although dazomet and metam sodium were effective in reducing Longidorus populations for the first seedling crop after fumigation, production of a second crop without additional treatment would be inadvisable based on the increased population of Longidorus by the end of the first growing season. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Fraedrich, SW (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sfraedrich@fs.fed.us; ldwinell@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 956NH UT WOS:000231306100001 ER PT J AU Adams, D Mills, J Alig, R Haynes, R AF Adams, D Mills, J Alig, R Haynes, R TI SOFRA and RPA: Two views of the future of southern timber supply SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE harvest; removals; demand; models ID DETERMINANTS; PROJECTIONS AB Two recent studies provide alternative views of the current state and future prospects of southern forests and timber supply: the Southern Forest Resource Assessment (SOFRA) and the Fifth Resources Planning Act Timber Assessment (RPA). Using apparently comparable data but different models and methods, the studies portray futures that in some aspects are quite similar and in others markedly different. This article focuses on what the differences and commonalities between the reports suggest about the key factors that help shape our views of the future of southern timber supply. What inputs and assumptions make important differences in projections of the South's timber supply future? We find that there are five major areas to watch: (i) gross land area shifts from forest to urban and from agriculture to forest (not just net timberland area change); (ii) the sensitivity of pine plantation investments to expected timber prices; (iii) the responsiveness of southern timber demand to prices; (iv) age or date of the starting inventory and the definition of timber harvest (what products are included); and (iv) the basic yield assumptions and the timing of the yield impacts from improved management and timberland area change. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Adams, D (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM adams@oregonstate.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 123 EP 134 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 956NH UT WOS:000231306100002 ER PT J AU Applegate, JR Steinman, J AF Applegate, JR Steinman, J TI A comparison of tree health among forest types and conditions at Fort AP Hill, Virginia SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Forest Health Monitoring; forest health indicators; tactical concealment areas; continuous forest monitoring; military training ID VEGETATION AB Fort A.P. Hill's Range and Training Land Assessments (RTLA) program initiated long-term monitoring of installation forests to assess forest health and ensure optimal sustainability of forest resources for military training activities. A subset of forest health indicators developed by the USDA Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) and Forest Inventory and Analysis programs were used to assess forest health on Army training lands at Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia. Indicators of tree crown condition and tree damage condition were taken in forested areas where military training occurs, "tactical concealment areas (TCAs)," and on continuous forest monitoring (CFM) plots established in control stands where military training is absent. A higher percent of trees with high crown dieback, low crown density, and multiple types of stem damage were observed within TCAs than on CFM plots. The results are indicative of possible long-term changes to forest health from military training activities. The FHM forest health indicators proved to be an effective and useful approach to assess tree conditions. C1 Engn & Environm Inc, Ft AP Hill, VA 22427 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Applegate, JR (reprint author), Engn & Environm Inc, Ft AP Hill, VA 22427 USA. EM Jason_R_Applegate@belvoir.army.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 956NH UT WOS:000231306100004 ER PT J AU Constantine, NL Campbell, TA Baughman, WM Harrington, TB Chapman, BR Miller, KV AF Constantine, NL Campbell, TA Baughman, WM Harrington, TB Chapman, BR Miller, KV TI Small mammal distributions relative to corridor edges within intensively managed southern pine plantations SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE corridor; ecosystem-based forestry; intensive management; loblolly pine; pine plantation; Pinus taeda; rodents; shrews; small mammals; South Carolina ID FOREST; ABUNDANCE; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; RICHNESS; VOLES AB We characterized small mammal communities in three loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands in the Lower Coastal Plain of South Carolina during June 1998-Aug. 2000 to investigate influence of corridor edges on small mammal distribution. We live-trapped small mammals in three regenerating stands following clearcutting. Harvested stands were bisected by 100-m-wide, 20-23-year-old pine corridors. During 47,040 trap nights, we recorded 907 captures of 661 individual small mammals. Species captured included southern short-tailed shrews (Blarina carolinensis), cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus), cotton rats (Siamodon hispidus), eastern harvest mice (Reithrodontomys humulis), marsh rice rats (Oryzomys palustris), and golden mice (Ochrotomys nuttalli). We did not observe an edge effect (i.e., preference or avoidance) in small mammal captures at the corridor edge. Rodent captures were greatest in harvested stands, declined near the edge of mature pine corridors, and were lowest within corridors. Shrew captures were generally greatest in mature pine corridors and least in the interior of harvested stands. Retention of mature pine corridors of only 100 m may maintain some small mammals (i.e., shrews) that would not occur if stands were completely harvested. C1 Mem High Sch, Eau Claire, WI 54701 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Field Stn,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, USDA,Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. MeadWestvaco Corp, Forest Resources Div, Summerville, SC 29484 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Sam Houston State Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Mem High Sch, Eau Claire, WI 54701 USA. EM tyler.a.campbell@aphis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 956NH UT WOS:000231306100005 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Biswas, A Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, DG Biswas, A Inglett, GE TI Thermal and pasting properties of microwaved corn starch SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE corn starch; microwave irradiation; physicochemical properties ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; HEAT-MOISTURE TREATMENT; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; GELATINIZATION; POTATO; IRRADIATION; RADIATION; WHEAT AB Corn starch with 15-40% moisture was irradiated at 0.17 or 0.5 W/g for 1 h using the sophisticated Ethos 1600 microwave apparatus that accurately controls temperature and wattage. Temperature of irradiated starch was measured during microwaving. Thermal and pasting properties were studied on dehydrated starch after microwave irradiation. Temperature increases were greatest during the first 10 min for starch at all moisture contents at both microwave power levels. Starch irradiated at 0.17 W/g had a temperature below onset gelatinization temperature (T,,) after 1 h. Higher temperatures were observed for starch with higher moisture content and microwaved at 0.5 W/g. Compared to native starch, starch with 15-40% moisture had higher T-o (measured using differential scanning calorimetry) and with 35-40% moisture had higher peak gelatinization temperature and lower enthalpy change of gelatinization. All paste viscosity parameters measured by the Rapid Visco Analyser were reduced and pasting temperature was elevated for starch irradiated at 0.5 W/g compared to native starch. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr, Plant Polymers Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. RP Stevenson, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stevensond@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD AUG PY 2005 VL 57 IS 8 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1002/star.200500411 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 960GK UT WOS:000231578100001 ER PT J AU Schaad, NW Postnikova, E Lacy, GH Sechler, A Agarkova, I Stromberg, PE Stromberg, VK Vidaver, AK AF Schaad, NW Postnikova, E Lacy, GH Sechler, A Agarkova, I Stromberg, PE Stromberg, VK Vidaver, AK TI Reclassification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (ex Hasse 1915) Dye 1978 forms A, B/C/D, and E as X. smithii subsp citri (ex Hasse) sp nov nom. rev. comb. nov., X. fuscans subsp aurantifolii (ex Gabriel 1989) sp nov nom. rev. comb. nov., and X. alfalfae subsp citrumelo (ex Riker and Jones) Gabriel et al., 1989 sp nov nom. rev. comb. nov.; X. campestris pv malvacearum (ex Smith 1901) Dye 1978 as X. smithii subsp smithii nov comb. nov nom. nov.; X. campestris pv. alfalfae (ex Riker and Jones, 1935) Dye 1978 as X. alfalfae subsp alfalfae (ex Riker et al., 1935) sp nov nom. rev.; and "var. fuscans" of X. campestris pv. phaseoli (ex Smith, 1987) Dye 1978 as X. fuscans subsp fuscans sp nov. SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA-DNA hybridization; 16S-23S ITS sequencing; AFLP analysis; citrus xanthomonads ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; STRAINS CAUSING DISEASES; BACTERIAL SPOT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SPACER REGION; FLORIDA; CANKER; DIFFERENTIATION; NURSERIES AB Bacterial canker of citrus is a serious disease of citrus worldwide. Five forms of the disease have been described, cankers "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E". Although considerable genetic diversity has been described among the causal agents of the five forms of citrus canker and supports multiple taxons, the causal agents currently are classified as pathovars citri ("A"), aurantifolii ("B/C/D") and citrumelo ("E") of a single species, Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (or X. axonopodis pv. citri). To determine the taxonomic relatedness among strains of X campestris pv. citri, we conducted DNA-DNA relatedness assays, sequenced the 16S-23S intergenic spacer (ITS) regions, and performed amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, using 44 strains representative of the five recognized forms of citrus canker. Under stringent DNA reassociation conditions (T-m,-15 degrees C, three distinct genotypes of citrus pathogens were revealed: taxon I included all "A" strains; taxon II contained all "B",,"C", and "D" strains; and taxon III contained all "E" strains. The three citrus taxa showed less than 50% (mean) DNA-DNA relatedness to each other and less than 30% (mean) to X campestris pv. campestris and X axonopodis pv. axonopodis. Taxa I and II strains share over 70% DNA relatedness to X. campestris pv. malvacearum and X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans, respectively (at T-m- 15 degrees C). Taxon III strains share 70% relatedness to X campestris pv. alfalfae. Previous and present phenotypic data support these DNA reassociation data. Taxon II strains grow more slowly on agar media than taxa I and III strains. Taxa I and III strains utilize maltose, and liquefy gelatin whereas taxon II strains do not. Taxon I strains hydrolyze pectate (pH 7.0) whereas Taxon II strains do not. Taxon III strains utilize raffinose whereas Taxon I strains do not. Each taxon can be differentiated by serology and pathogenicity. We propose taxa I, II, and III citrus strains be named, respectively, Xanthomonas smithii subsp. citri (ex Hasse, 1915) sp. nov. nom. rev. comb. nov., Xanthomonasfuscans subsp. aurantifolii (ex Gabriel et al., 1989) sp. nov. nom. rev. comb. nov., and Xanthomonas alfatfae subsp. citrumelo (ex Riker and Jones) Gabriel et al., 1989 nov. rev. comb. nov. Furthermore, based on the analysis of 40 strains of 19 other xanthomonads, we propose to reclassify X. campestris pv. malvacearum (ex Smith, 1901) Dye 1978 as X. smithii subsp. smithii sp. nov. comb. nov. nom. nov.; X. campestris pv. atfalfae (ex Riker and Jones) Dye 1978 as X. alfalfae subsp. alfalfae (ex Riker et al., 1935) sp. nov. nov. rev.; and "var. fuscans" (ex Burkholder 1930) of X. campestris pv. phaseoli (ex Smith, 1897) as X fuscans subsp. fuscans sp. nov. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Schaad@ncifcrf.gov NR 75 TC 71 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 10 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 28 IS 6 BP 494 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.03.017 PG 25 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 954RG UT WOS:000231171900003 PM 16104350 ER PT J AU Griesbach, RJ Austin, S AF Griesbach, RJ Austin, S TI Comparison of the Munsell and Royal Horticultural Society's color charts in describing flower color SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE color descriptions; Hemerocallis; Munsell color chart AB The flower color of daylily (Hemerocallis L.) cultivars at the U. S. National Arboretum, Washington, D.C. was documented using the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (RHSCC) and the Munsell Book of Color (MBC). The RHSCC descriptions did not allow discrimination between cultivars that were distinguishable by eye. The MBC, however, allowed the description of colors that fell between color chart chips, and had the ability to compare the specific color attributes of different cultivars of similar color. The ability to interpolate colors with the MBC allows a greater accuracy in documentation and discrimination of floral color. C1 USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Griesbach, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Bldg 010-A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rob.griesbach@usda.gov NR 3 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2005 VL 54 IS 3 BP 771 EP 773 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 970DS UT WOS:000232286000017 ER PT J AU Sohn, M Himmelsbach, DS Akin, DE Barton, FE AF Sohn, M Himmelsbach, DS Akin, DE Barton, FE TI Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy for determining linen content in linen/cotton blend products SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NIR SPECTROSCOPY; PROCESSED FLAX; SHIVE CONTENT; FIBER AB Flax fibers may be blended with cotton to provide an aesthetic property, improve performance and tailor fabric properties. The quality and cost of the woven fabric blends are affected by the amount of linen in the blend. Microscopic and chemical analyses are currently used to determine linen content in fabrics. This study describes a method to predict the linen percentage in linen/cotton blends using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy, rapidly and non-invasively. A calibration model using partial least squares regression analysis was developed with gravimetrically measured ground flax-cotton fiber mixtures as reference samples versus NIR spectra. The best model occurred with a combination of multiplicative scatter correction and first derivative processing of the spectral data gave a standard error of validation of 2.20%, and only one factor was used for the model performance. Using this model, flax content was predicted in specific mixtures of flax and cotton fibers, blended flax-cotton yarns, and various non-scoured flax-cotton fabrics, giving standard errors of prediction less than 3%. Application of the calibration model to the scoured fabric, however, resulted in a higher error value. This result seemed to be due to loss in wax components and substantial changes in the NIR absorbance values of the fabric resulting from the scouring process. An alternative calibration model for scoured and dyed fabrics was developed, and using the model it was possible to predict flax contents in dyed fabrics with an error of 4-6%. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sohn, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Qual Assessment Res Unit, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM msohn@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 75 IS 8 BP 583 EP 590 DI 10.1177/0040517505057167 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 988UC UT WOS:000233625500001 ER PT J AU Brushwood, DE AF Brushwood, DE TI Changes in non-fibrous material content of cotton during yarn processing SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Two Fibermax varieties of cotton grown in a single season and common to three domestic areas were blended into lots, evaluated for physical properties, and subsequently spun on ring, open-end, and Vortex systems. Samplings of carding sliver, finish drawing, and yarns selected at different processing stages were tested for fiber noncellulosic content. Variations in fiber micronaire, which were highly related to growing location, influenced initial concentrations of total alcohol surface nonfibrous and wax extractables. In processing, no changes were seen in the fiber plant sugar or surface wax content. Alcohol extractables decreased in the opening and carding and yarn spinning stages Concentrations of the residual light metals potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium were reduced on the fiber primarily in the opening and carding stage of yarn production The magnitude of reduction in alcohol surface extractables and light metal content during processing was found to be highly related to fiber micronaire. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, SAA, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Brushwood, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, SAA, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM dbrushw@clemson.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 75 IS 8 BP 616 EP 621 DI 10.1177/0040517505053897 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 988UC UT WOS:000233625500005 ER PT J AU Andaya, CB Tai, TH AF Andaya, CB Tai, TH TI Fine mapping of the rice low phytic acid (Lpa1) locus SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; LOW-PHYTATE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SEED PHOSPHORUS; MAIZE; BARLEY; ABSORPTION; PHENOTYPE; MUTATION; REGISTRATION AB Phytic acid is the primary storage form of phosphorus (P) in cereal grains. In addition to being essential for normal seedling growth and development, phytic acid plays an important role in human and animal nutrition. The rice low phytic acid mutation lpa1 results in a 45% reduction in seed phytic acid with a molar equivalent increase in inorganic P. The Lpa1 locus was previously mapped to the long arm of chromosome 2. Using microsatellite markers and a recombinant inbred line population, we fine mapped this locus between the markers RM3542 and RM482, which encompass a region of 135 kb. Additional markers were developed from the DNA sequence of this region. Two of these markers further delimited the locus to a 47-kb region containing eight putative open reading frames. Cloning and molecular characterization of the Lpa1 gene will provide insight into phytic acid biosynthesis in plants. The markers reported here should also be useful in introgressing the low phytic acid phenotype into other rice cultivars. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, USDA ARS Crops Pathol & Genet Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Tai, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, USDA ARS Crops Pathol & Genet Res, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM thtai@ucdavis.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 111 IS 3 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-2038-0 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 957CE UT WOS:000231346200010 PM 15940509 ER PT J AU Zhang, WJ Lukaszewski, AJ Kolmer, J Soria, MA Goyal, S Dubcovsky, J AF Zhang, WJ Lukaszewski, AJ Kolmer, J Soria, MA Goyal, S Dubcovsky, J TI Molecular characterization of durum and common wheat recombinant lines carrying leaf rust resistance (Lr19) and yellow pigment (Y) genes from Lophopyrum ponticum SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; MODIFIED FORMS; FLOUR COLOR; CHROMOSOME; TRANSLOCATION; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; AGROPYRON; LOCUS; MAP AB Chromosome 7E from Lophopyrum ponticum carries a valuable leaf rust resistant gene designated Lr19. This gene has not been widely used in common wheat breeding because of linkage with the yellow pigment gene Y. This gene tints flour yellow, reducing its appeal in bread making. However, a high level of yellow pigment is desirable in durum wheat breeding. We produced 97 recombinant chromosomes between L. ponticum transfer 7D.7E#1 and its wheat homoeologues, using the ph1b mutation that promotes homoeologous pairing. We characterized a subset of 37 of these lines with 11 molecular markers and evaluated their resistance to leaf rust and the abundance of yellow pigment. The Lr19 gene was mapped between loci Xwg420 and Xmwg2062, whereas Y was mapped distal to Xpsr687, the most distal marker on the long arm of chromosome 7. A short terminal 7EL segment translocated to 7A, including Lr19 and Y (line 1-23), has been transferred to durum wheat by backcrossing. The presence of this alien segment significantly increased the abundance of yellow pigment. The Lr19 also conferred resistance to a new durum leaf rust race from California and Mexico that is virulent on most durum wheat cultivars. The new durum lines with the recombinant 7E segment will be useful parents to increase yellow pigment and leaf rust resistance in durum wheat breeding programs. For the common wheat breeding programs, we selected the recombinant line 1-96, which has an interstitial 7E segment carrying Lr19 but not Y. This recombinant line can be used to improve leaf rust resistance without affecting flour color. The 7EL/7DL 1-96 recombinant chromosome did not show the meiotic self-elimination previously reported for a 7EL/7BL translocation. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 NR 43 TC 41 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 111 IS 3 BP 573 EP 582 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-2048-y PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 957CE UT WOS:000231346200019 PM 15912342 ER PT J AU Spielmeyer, W McIntosh, RA Kolmer, J Lagudah, ES AF Spielmeyer, W McIntosh, RA Kolmer, J Lagudah, ES TI Powdery mildew resistance and Lr34/Yr18 genes for durable resistance to leaf and stripe rust cosegregate at a locus on the short arm of chromosome 7D of wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; COMMON WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; TIP NECROSIS; BREAD WHEAT; YELLOW RUST; LR34; ASSOCIATION; GENETICS AB The incorporation of effective and durable disease resistance is an important breeding objective for wheat improvement. The leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 and stripe rust resistance gene Yr18 are effective at the adult plant stage and have provided moderate levels of durable resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. and to stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici. These genes have not been separated by recombination and map to chromosome 7DS in wheat. In a population of 110 F-7 lines derived from a Thatcher x Thatcher isogenic line with Lr34/Yr18, field resistance to leaf rust conferred by Lr34 and to stripe rust resistance conferred by Yr18 cosegregated with adult plant resistance to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis (DC) EO Speer f. sp. tritici. Lr34 and Yr18 were previously shown to be associated with enhanced stem rust resistance and tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus infection. This chromosomal region in wheat has now been linked with resistance to five different pathogens. The Lr34/Yr18 phenotypes and associated powdery mildew resistance were mapped to a single locus flanked by microsatellite loci Xgwm1220 and Xgwm295 on chromosome 7DS. C1 CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ Sydney, Plant Breeding Inst Cobbitty, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Spielmeyer, W (reprint author), CSIRO Plant Ind, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM wolfgang.spielmeyer@csiro.au RI lagudah, evans/A-2007-2010 NR 28 TC 121 Z9 153 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP 731 EP 735 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-2058-9 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 956PU UT WOS:000231313100013 PM 15965649 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Anderson, JA Hu, J Friesen, TL Rasmussen, JB Faris, JD AF Liu, ZH Anderson, JA Hu, J Friesen, TL Rasmussen, JB Faris, JD TI A wheat intervarietal genetic linkage map based on microsatellite and target region amplified polymorphism markers and its utility for detecting quantitative trait loci SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; L EM THELL; BREAD-WHEAT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP-2; MOLECULAR MARKERS; DWARFING GENES; PLANT HEIGHT; COMMON WHEAT; D-GENOME AB Efficient user-friendly methods for mapping plant genomes are highly desirable for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), genotypic profiling, genomic studies, and marker-assisted selection. SSR (microsatellite) markers are user-friendly and efficient in detecting polymorphism, but they detect few loci. Target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) is a relatively new PCR-based technique that detects a large number of loci from a single reaction without extensive pre-PCR processing of samples. In the investigation reported here, we used both SSRs and TRAPs to generate over 700 markers for the construction of a genetic linkage map in a hard red spring wheat intervarietal recombinant inbred population. A framework map consisting of 352 markers accounted for 3,045 cM with an average density of one marker per 8.7 cM. On average, SSRs detected 1.9 polymorphic loci per reaction, while TRAPs detected 24. Both marker systems were suitable for assigning linkage groups to chromosomes using wheat aneuploid stocks. We demonstrated the utility of the maps by identifying major QTLs for days to heading and reduced plant height on chromosomes 5A and 4B, respectively. Our results indicate that TRAPs are highly efficient for genetic mapping in wheat. The maps developed will be useful for the identification of quality and disease resistance QTLs that segregate in this population. C1 ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab,Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, No Crop Sci Lab, Sunflower Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab,Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM farisj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 83 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP 782 EP 794 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-2064-y PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 956PU UT WOS:000231313100019 PM 16021412 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, N Bae, J Warnke, S Chang, T Jung, G AF Chakraborty, N Bae, J Warnke, S Chang, T Jung, G TI Linkage map construction in allotetraploid creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Agrostis stolonifera L.; creeping bentgrass; allotetraploid; linkage map; homoeologous chromosomes; molecular markers ID RYEGRASS LOLIUM-PERENNE; RICE GENOMES; INHERITANCE; POLYPLOIDS; RESISTANCE; MARKERS; TRAITS; CLONES; OAT; POPULATION AB Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is one of the most adapted bentgrass species for use on golf course fairways and putting greens because of its high tolerance to low mowing height. It is a highly outcrossing allotetraploid species (2n=4x=28, A(2) and A(3) subgenomes). The first linkage map in this species is reported herein, and it was constructed based on a population derived from a cross between two heterozygous clones using 169 RAPD, 180 AFLP, and 39 heterologous cereal and 36 homologous bentgrass cDNA RFLP markers. The linkage map consists of 424 mapped loci covering 1,110 cM in 14 linkage groups, of which seven pairs of homoeologous chromosomes were identified based on duplicated loci. The numbering of all seven linkage groups in the bentgrass map was assigned according to common markers mapped on syntenous chromosomes of ryegrass and wheat. The number of markers linked in coupling and repulsion phase was in a 1:1 ratio, indicating disomic inheritance. This supports a strict allotetraploid inheritance in creeping bentgrass, as suggested by previous work based on chromosomal pairing and isozymes. This linkage map will assist in the tagging and eventually in marker-assisted breeding of economically important quantitative traits like disease resistance to dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett) and brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn). C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Jung, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jung@plantpath.wisc.edu NR 44 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 111 IS 4 BP 795 EP 803 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-2065-x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 956PU UT WOS:000231313100020 PM 15981010 ER PT J AU Ellis, RW Rupp, GP Chenoweth, PJ Cundiff, LV Lunstra, DD AF Ellis, RW Rupp, GP Chenoweth, PJ Cundiff, LV Lunstra, DD TI Fertility of yearling beef bulls during mating SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Society-for-Theriogenology CY AUG 09-13, 2005 CL Charleston, SC SP Soc Theriogenol DE bull; breeding soundness evaluation; fertility; breeding injuries ID BREEDING SOUNDNESS CLASSIFICATION; SERVING CAPACITY; TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT; SCROTAL CIRCUMFERENCE; SPERM PRODUCTION; GROWTH; AGE; BEHAVIOR; FLORIDA; TRAITS AB Crossbred (Bos taurus) yearling beef bulls were assessed for breeding soundness and physical traits prior to multi-sire natural mating at pasture. Bulls (n = 60) were assigned to six groups of nine or 10 bulls and two bull-groups were rotated on 14-day intervals during a 63-day mating season in each breeding herd (n = 3) of 191-196 cows. The remaining bulls (n = 14) were maintained under similar environmental conditions without mating exposure. Bulls were observed during mating and assessed for breeding soundness and changes following mating. Bulls used for breeding (UFB) lost 77 kg of body weight and declined from body condition scores of 6 to 4.5, whereas bulls not used for breeding (NUB) maintained body condition scores of 6 and gained 27 kg. The UFB bulls incurred a 75% total injury rate with 63% incidence of lameness and 12% incidence of reproductive injuries, resulting in a 22% attrition rate. Only 45% were physically sound at the end of mating. Scrotal circumference declined in UFB bulls (-4.58%) and increased in NUB bulls (2.49%). From the 98% BSE-satisfactory rate (UFB) prior to breeding, only 61% were BSE-satisfactory post-breeding. The NUB bulls declined from 57 to 36% satisfactory. The BSE classification was influenced by significant increases in abnormal spermatozoa (primary and secondary), which was significantly associated with injuries incurred during mating. Group and breed differences in injury rates and BSE-status following mating were evident. Environmental conditions and mating activity influenced bull seminal quality and physical condition. Pregnancy rates in all three breeding herds (91-96%) were similar, with insignificant differences between bull-groups; the effects of physical and reproductive changes on individual bull fertility were immeasurable. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Great Plains Vet Educ Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ellis, RW (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Great Plains Vet Educ Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM rellis@gpvec.unl.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 64 IS 3 SI SI BP 657 EP 678 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.029 PG 22 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 952CZ UT WOS:000230980900022 PM 15961148 ER PT J AU Fernyhough, ME Bucci, LR Hausman, GJ Antonio, J Vierck, JL Dodson, MV AF Fernyhough, ME Bucci, LR Hausman, GJ Antonio, J Vierck, JL Dodson, MV TI Gaining a solid grip on adipogenesis SO TISSUE & CELL LA English DT Article DE mature adipocytes; dedifferentiation ID UNILOCULAR FAT-CELLS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; OBESITY; DIFFERENTIATION; ADIPOCYTE; CULTURE; PROLIFERATION AB Obesity is presently being combated by fitness regimens, drugs and diet. Increasing our understanding of the physiology of adipocytes, by deducing the regulatory pathways involved in lipid metabolism and all aspects of adipogenesis, will provide alternative strategies to reduce adverse problems of obesity. Research has suggested that mature fat cells may dedifferentiate to form proliferative-competent fat cell precursors. Knowledge of the dedifferentiation process will allow us to gain a solid grip on adipogenesis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Muscle Biol Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Weider Nutr Int, Salt Lake City, UT 84104 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Int Soc Sports Nutr, Deerfield Beach, FL 33442 USA. RP Dodson, MV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Muscle Biol Lab, 139 Clark Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dodson@wsu.edu NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0040-8166 J9 TISSUE CELL JI Tissue Cell PD AUG PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.tice.2005.03.007 PG 4 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology GA 952DN UT WOS:000230982400008 PM 15979115 ER PT J AU Manter, DK Kavanagh, KL Rose, CL AF Manter, DK Kavanagh, KL Rose, CL TI Growth response of Douglas-fir seedlings to nitrogen fertilization: importance of Rubisco activation state and respiration rates SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; foliar nitrogen; photosynthesis; V-cmax ID LEAF DARK RESPIRATION; SWISS NEEDLE CAST; RED SPRUCE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE; CO2 ASSIMILATION; IN-VIVO; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; OXYGENASE; LEAVES AB High foliar nitrogen concentration ([N]) is associated with high rates of photosynthesis and thus high tree productivity; however, at excessive [N], tree productivity is reduced. Reports of excessive [N] in the Douglas-fir forests of the Oregon Coast Range prompted this investigation of growth and needle physiological responses to increasing foliar N concentrations in 1-year-old Douglas-fir seedlings. After 1 year of N fertilization, total seedling biomass increased with each successive increase in N fertilizer concentration, except in the highest N fertilization treatment. Of the many physiological responses that were analyzed, only photosynthetic capacity (i.e., V-cmax), respiration rates and leaf specific conductance (K-L) differed significantly between N treatments. Photosynthetic capacity showed a curvilinear relationship with foliar [N], reaching an apparent maximum rate when needle N concentrations exceeded about 12 mg g(-1). In vitro measurements of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) activity suggested that photosynthetic capacity was best related to activated, not total, Rubisco content. Rubisco activation state declined as foliar [N] increased, and based on its significant correlation (r(2) = 0.63) with foliar Mn:Mg ratios, it may be related to Mn inactivation of Rubisco. Respiration rates increased linearly as foliar N concentration increased (r(2) = 0.84). The value of K-L also increased as foliar [N] increased, reaching a maximum when foliar [N] exceeded about 10 mg g(-1). Changes in K-L were unrelated to changes in leaf area or sapwood area because leaf area to sapwood area ratios remained constant. Cumulative effects of the observed physiological responses to N fertilization were analyzed by modeling annual net CO2 assimilation (A(net)) based on treatment specific values of V-cmax, dark respiration (R-dark) and K-L. Estimates of A(net) were highly correlated with measured total seedling biomass (r(2) = 0.992), suggesting that long-term, cumulative effects of maximum Rubisco carboxylation, R-dark and K-L responses to N fertilization may limit seedling production when foliar N exceeds about 13 mg g(-1) or is reduced to less than about 11 mg g(-1). C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM daniel.manter@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 26 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 14 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1015 EP 1021 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 955EM UT WOS:000231208200006 PM 15929932 ER PT J AU Kelleners, TJ Soppe, RWO Ayars, JE Simunek, J Skaggs, TH AF Kelleners, TJ Soppe, RWO Ayars, JE Simunek, J Skaggs, TH TI Inverse analysis of upward water flow in a groundwater table lysimeter SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; DISC INFILTROMETER DATA; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; CONDUCTIVITY; CALIBRATION; MODEL; INFILTRATION; TRANSPORT; PREDICTION AB The accuracy of numerical water flow models for the vadose zone depends on the estimation of the soil hydraulic properties. In this study, the hydraulic parameters for a silty clay soil in a large lysimeter determined through inverse modeling of a fallow period with upward water flow from a shallow groundwater table. Parameter was studied by simulating a hypothetical soil with known hydraulic properties under comparable conditions. Sensitivity analysis showed that the pressure head h(z,t), the volumetric water content theta(z,t), and the cumulative bottom flux Q(t) were least sensitive to the residual volumetric water content theta(r) and the pore-connectivity parameter lambda in the van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) model. Parameter response surfaces showed that least squares fitting with theta(z,t) data is more likely to result in a unique hydraulic parameter set than least squares fitting with h(z,t) or Q(t) data. With only theta(z,t) in the objective function, the least squares minimization algorithm was capable of finding the correct soil hydraulic parameters, provided that theta(r) and lambda were fixed and that multiple initial parameter estimates were used. The protocol that was developed for the hypothetical soil was subsequently applied to the actual groundwater table lysimeter. The soil hydraulic parameters for the lysimeter for two (x,y) locations were determined using theta(z,t) data as measured by capacitance sensors. The variability in the optimized inverse of the air-entry value alpha and the saturated hydraulic conductivity K-s in the VGM model was relatively high because of the high parameter correlation between these parameters. The optimized soil hydraulic properties can be used to study capillary rise from the groundwater table. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tkelleners@cc.usu.edu RI Soppe, Richard/A-9581-2010; Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 OI Soppe, Richard/0000-0001-6751-8507; NR 34 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 558 EP 572 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0118 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 957GS UT WOS:000231358400005 ER PT J AU Coquet, Y Coutadeur, C Labat, C Vachier, P van Genuchten, T Roger-Estrade, J Simunek, J AF Coquet, Y Coutadeur, C Labat, C Vachier, P van Genuchten, T Roger-Estrade, J Simunek, J TI Water and solute transport in a cultivated silt loam soil: 1. Field observations SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; BROMIDE TRANSPORT; TILLAGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFILTRATION; COMPACTION; MODELS AB Vadose zone flow and transport processes are known to be strongly affected by both soil structure and soil texture. We conducted a field experiment to explore the impact of heterogeneity in soil structure by agricultural operations such as wheel traffic, plowing, and surface tillage on water and solute transport. The experiment was performed on a 4 by 2 m(2) field plot perpendicular to the path of a tractor that had pulled a harrow for seedbed preparation. The plot was irrigated with a rainfall simulator at a rate of 21 mm h(-1) for 2 h and 20 min. An 850 mg L-1 bromide solution was subsequently applied at a rate of 26 mm h(-1) for 2 h. Soil water contents and pressure heads during the experiment were monitored with time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes and tensiometers. The soil was sampled for resident bromide (Br-) concentrations at the end of the experiment. Water and bromide fronts were found to be highly heterogeneous. The heterogeneity could be explained by the particular soil structural features by the agricultural practices, in particular by the locations and sizes of compacted soil zones. Very little water and bromide penetrated the large compacted zones under the wheel tracks. Bromide, TDR, and tensiometer measurements all indicated the presence of preferential flow of water and bromide along paths immediately bordering the wheel tracks. The compacted clods in the plow layer furthermore acted as low-permeability barriers that diverted water and bromide flow around them. The highly heterogeneous plow layer between the wheel tracks produced a much higher solute dispersivity as compared to the compacted soil below the wheel tracks. C1 INRA, Inst Natl Agron Paris Grignon, UMR INRA INAPG Environm & Arable Crops, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. INRA, Inst Natl Agron Paris Grignon, UMR INRA INAPG Agron, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Coquet, Y (reprint author), INRA, Inst Natl Agron Paris Grignon, UMR INRA INAPG Environm & Arable Crops, BP 01, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. EM coquet@grignon.inra.fr RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Coquet, Yves/B-7838-2012; OI Coquet, Yves/0000-0001-6458-5763; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 573 EP 586 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0152 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 957GS UT WOS:000231358400006 ER PT J AU Coquet, Y Simunek, J Coutadeur, C van Genuchten, MT Pot, V Roger-Estrade, J AF Coquet, Y Simunek, J Coutadeur, C van Genuchten, MT Pot, V Roger-Estrade, J TI Water and solute transport in a cultivated silt loam soil: 2. Numerical analysis SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT UNSATURATED FLOW; HETEROGENEOUS FIELD SOIL; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; CONDUCTIVITY; INFILTRATION; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; MEDIA; TIME AB A field experiment was performed to study the effects of soil structure heterogeneity generated by farming practices (i.e., compaction by wheel traffic, plowing, surface tillage) on plot-scale water flow and solute transport. The experiment involved a 4 by 2 m(2) field plot that was uniformly sprinkle irrigated with water and bromide for about 6 h. Independently measured soil hydraulic functions were used to the experiment with a numerical flow and transport model (HYDRUS-2D) using a fully deterministic approach for describing soil heterogeneity. The numerical model reproduced observed flow and transport processes only after adjustments were made to the soil hydraulic functions. Adjustments were needed to account for increased flow and transport into and through the soil between the compacted zones below the wheel tracks, and to predict double concentration peaks caused by the umbrella ( or shadow) effects of compacted soil clods. Global optimization of the soil hydraulic parameters produced a satisfactory description of the very heterogeneous flow patterns, with the resulting hydraulic parameters showing only limited correlation among each other. We demonstrate that double-peak concentration profiles result from the presence of tillage-induced soil heterogeneities. C1 INRA, Inst Natl Agron Paris Grignon, UMR INRA INAPG Environm & Arable Crops, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. INRA, Inst Natl Agron Paris Grignon, UMR INRA INAPG Agron, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. RP Coquet, Y (reprint author), INRA, Inst Natl Agron Paris Grignon, UMR INRA INAPG Environm & Arable Crops, BP 01, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. EM coquet@grignon.inra.fr RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Coquet, Yves/B-7838-2012; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI Coquet, Yves/0000-0001-6458-5763; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 587 EP 601 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0153 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 957GS UT WOS:000231358400007 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Shelton, DR Pachepsky, YA AF Guber, AK Shelton, DR Pachepsky, YA TI Transport and retention of manure-borne coliforms in soil SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FECAL BACTERIA; SANDY AQUIFER; COLUMNS; MOVEMENT; SURVIVAL; ADSORPTION; INTACT; WATER; FLOW AB Manure is a source of several bacterial pathogens that can potentially contribute to surface and groundwater contamination. Results from most bacterial transport studies in soils are only partially applicable to manure-borne bacteria because microorganisms are released along with manure particulates as manure dissolves. The objective of this study was to compare transport of chloride ion, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and manure colloids in undisturbed soil columns with a well-developed structure. Breakthrough column experiments were conducted with undisturbed, 20-cm long Tyler soil columns from the A horizon. A pulse of 4% filtered bovine manure solution with E. coli and KCl was passed through the columns. Escherichia coli concentrations, chloride content, and turbidity were measured in influent and in effluent. Columns were cut into 2-cm layers after the experiment to measure: (i) viable bacterial concentrations in pore solution and attached to soil; (ii) bulk density; (iii) water content. Companion batch were performed to measure attachment of E. coli to soil in the presence of various amounts of manure. Escherichia coli attachment to soil decreased with increased manure content due to competition for attachment sites. Flow velocity affected E. coli transport and attachment to soil; there was relatively more attachment at slower flow velocity than at higher flow velocity. Escherichia coli attachment to soil was 18, 5, and 9% at flow velocities of 2.3, 8.4, and 9.3 cm d(-1), respectively. Spatial variability in soil structure may result in large variations of pore water velocity and consequent differences in transport of manure particulates and bacteria under ponded infiltration. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Waste Pathogens Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guber, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Waste Pathogens Lab, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aguber@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 27 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 828 EP 837 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0097 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 957GS UT WOS:000231358400025 ER PT J AU Castiglione, P Shouse, PJ Mohanty, B Hudson, D van Genuchten, MT AF Castiglione, P Shouse, PJ Mohanty, B Hudson, D van Genuchten, MT TI Improved tension infiltrometer for measuring low fluid flow rates in unsaturated fractured rock SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; SOIL; MACROPOROSITY; INFILTRATION; WATER AB The search for a permanent storage facility for the geological disposal of high-level nuclear waste has motivated extensive research during the past several decades to characterize and predict fluid flow into and through unsaturated fractured rock. Tension infiltrometer experiments are extremely useful to investigate infiltration into fracture networks, but are difficult to perform using commercially available equipment developed mostly for soils. Our objective was to develop tension infiltrometer suited for accurate measurements of infiltration into fractured rock at very low flow rates and for long equilibration times. We constructed several prototype instruments from porous stainless-steel membrane, stainless-steel casing, acrylic tubing, several temperature-compensated pressure transducers, solenoid valves, and a data logger for automated control and data acquisition. An automated refill system was also developed to facilitate long unattended equilibration periods typical in infiltration experiments on unsaturated fractured rock. Results show that the improved design reduces temperature effects on the infiltration rate, allows for much longer periods of unattended operation (auto-refill), and reduces evaporation from the The estimated upper flow-rate limit of our new infiltrometer is about 1 mm d(-1), based on the conductance of the porous steel membrane (11 mm d(-1)). We were able to make measurements of the fluid flux as low as 10 mm yr(-1) at a pressure head of about -110 cm. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Geol Survey, Las Vegas, NV 89134 USA. RP Shouse, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM pshouse@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 885 EP 890 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0135 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 957GS UT WOS:000231358400031 ER PT J AU Bogoyavlenskiy, A Berezin, V Prilipov, A Usachev, E Lyapina, O Levandovskaya, S Korotetskiy, I Tolmacheva, V Makhmudova, N Khudyakova, S Tustikbaeva, G Zaitseva, I Omirtaeva, E Ermakova, O Daulbaeva, K Asanova, S Kydyrmanov, A Sayatov, M King, D AF Bogoyavlenskiy, A Berezin, V Prilipov, A Usachev, E Lyapina, O Levandovskaya, S Korotetskiy, I Tolmacheva, V Makhmudova, N Khudyakova, S Tustikbaeva, G Zaitseva, I Omirtaeva, E Ermakova, O Daulbaeva, K Asanova, S Kydyrmanov, A Sayatov, M King, D TI Molecular characterization of virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates from chickens during the 1998 NDV outbreak in Kazakhstan SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE chicken; fusion gene; Newcastle disease virus; phylogenetic characterization; virulent ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; WESTERN-EUROPE; GREAT-BRITAIN; DOMESTIC-FOWL; GENOTYPE VII; TURKEYS; GENE; IV AB Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects domesticated and wild birds throughout the world and has the possibility to cause outbreaks in chicken flocks in future. To assess the evolutionary characteristics of 10 NDV strains isolated from chickens in Kazakhstan during 1998 we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among these viruses and viruses described previously. For genotyping, fusion ( F) gene phylogenetic analysis ( nucleotide number 47-421) was performed using sequences of Kazakhstanian isolates as compared to sequences of selected NDV strains from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all newly characterized strains belonged to the genetic group designated as VIIb. All strains possessed a virulent fusion cleavage site (RRQRR/F) belonging to velogenic or mesogenic pathotypes with intracerebral pathogenicity indexes (ICPI) varying from 1.05 to 1.87. C1 Inst Microbiol & Virol, Almaty 480100, Kazakhstan. DI Ivanovskii Inst Virol, Moscow 123098, Russia. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Berezin, V (reprint author), Inst Microbiol & Virol, Bogenbay Batyr St 103, Almaty 480100, Kazakhstan. EM vberezin@nursat.kz RI Korotetskiy, Ilya/G-9122-2012 OI Korotetskiy, Ilya/0000-0002-0397-7840 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD AUG PY 2005 VL 31 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s11262-004-2195-2 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 937ES UT WOS:000229908000002 PM 15965604 ER PT J AU Meng, BZ Li, CH Goszczynski, DE Gonsalves, D AF Meng, BZ Li, CH Goszczynski, DE Gonsalves, D TI Genome sequences and structures of two biologically distinct strains of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 and sequence analysis SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Closteroviridae; coat protein; genome sequencing; GLRaV-2; grapevine ID LEAFROLL-ASSOCIATED VIRUS-2; CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CLOSTEROVIRUS; ORGANIZATION; EVOLUTION; MEMBER AB Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2), a member of the genus Closterovirus within Closteroviridae, is implicated in several important diseases of grapevines including "leafroll", "graft-incompatibility", and "quick decline" worldwide. Several GLRaV-2 isolates have been detected from different grapevine genotypes. However, the genomes of these isolates were not sequenced or only partially sequenced. Consequently, the relationship of these viral isolates at the molecular level has not been determined. Here, we group the various GLRaV-2 isolates into four strains based on their coat protein gene sequences. We show that isolates "PN" (originated from Vitis vinifera cv. "Pinot noir"), "Sem" (from V. vinifera cv. "Semillon") and "94/970" (from V. vinifera cv. "Muscat of Alexandria") belong to the same strain, "93/955" (from hybrid "LN-33") and "H4" (from V. rupestris "St. George") each represents a distinct strain, while Grapevine rootstock stem lesion-associated virus (GRSLaV), a virus originally thought to be a new virus that is distinct from all known closteroviruses, should be considered a fourth strain of GLRaV-2. Through cloning the 5' terminal region of isolate "94/970", we determined the complete genome sequence for strain "PN". Using an RT-PCR-based strategy, the entire genome of the severe strain "93/955" was also sequenced. The genomes of strains "PN" and "93/955" differ by 10.5% and the differences are unevenly distributed. Sequence analyses using multiple genomic regions confirm the proposition that GRSLaV is a strain of GLRaV-2 rather than a distinct virus. The possibility that GLRaV-2, either acting alone or together with a different virus, may actually cause other diseases totally different from the typical leafroll is discussed. C1 Univ Guelph, Coll Biol Sci, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Agr Res Council, Plant Protect Res Inst, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Meng, BZ (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Coll Biol Sci, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM bmeng@uoguelph.ca NR 23 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD AUG PY 2005 VL 31 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s11262-004-2197-0 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 937ES UT WOS:000229908000004 PM 15965606 ER PT J AU Lee, LF Cui, XP Cui, ZZ Gimeno, I Lupiani, B Reddy, SM AF Lee, LF Cui, XP Cui, ZZ Gimeno, I Lupiani, B Reddy, SM TI Characterization of a very virulent Marek's disease virus mutant expressing the pp38 protein from the serotype 1 vaccine strain CVI988/Rispens SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE rMd5; CVI988/Rispens; Marek's disease virus; MDV mutant; pp38 protein ID TRANSFORMED LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; TURKEY HERPESVIRUS; GENE; ENCODES; GENOME; UNIQUE; VIL-8; MDV; DNA AB Marek's disease virus (MDV), a highly cell-associated oncogenic chicken herpesvirus, causes Marek's disease in domestic chickens. A unique phosphoprotein of MDV, pp38, has previously been associated with the maintenance of transformation in MDV-induced tumor cell lines. However, recently, the biological properties of a deletion mutant virus (rMd5 Delta pp38) revealed that pp38 is involved in early cytolytic infection in lymphocytes but not in the induction of tumors. Thus, pp38 is important for early cytolytic infection and not for transformation. The pp38 protein of the MDV serotype 1 vaccine strain CVI988/Rispens differs by one amino acid when compared to the pathogenic strains of MDV. Monoclonal antibody, H19, recognizes all serotype 1 MDV strains except CVI988/Rispens. Previous studies have also shown that the unique pp38 epitope in CVI988/Rispens induced high antibody response. In order to study the role of this epitope in the protective properties of CVI988/Rispens, we generated a mutant rMd5 virus in which the wild type pp38 gene has been substituted with that of CVI988/Rispens (rMd5/pp38CVI). The replication properties of rMd5/pp38CVI, both in vitro and in vivo, and tumor induction were examined. We found that the biological properties of rMd5/pp38CVI were similar to the wild type rMd5 virus with regards to in vivo replication, antibody response and tumor induction. This shows that the pp38 derived from CVI988/Rispens is not involved in protective properties as was previously suggested. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Shandong Agr Univ, Shandong 271018, Peoples R China. RP Lee, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM leelu@msu.edu RI Lupiani, Blanca/A-5267-2011 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD AUG PY 2005 VL 31 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s11262-005-2202-2 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 937ES UT WOS:000229908000009 PM 15965611 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Dennis, ME AF Schrader, KK Dennis, ME TI Cyanobacteria and earthy/musty compounds found in commercial catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) ponds in the Mississippi Delta and Mississippi-Alabama Blackland Prairie SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; catfish; cyanobacteria; geosmin; 2-methylisoborneol; off-flavor ID CHANNEL CATFISH; OSCILLATORIA-PERORNATA; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; GEOSMIN; FLAVOR; 9,10-ANTHRAQUINONE AB The compounds responsible for earthy and musty "off-flavors" in farm-raised channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in the southeastern United States of America are geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), respectively. These compounds are produced by certain species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that grow in the aquaculture ponds. Previous research has focused on the species of cyanobacteria found in catfish ponds in west Mississippi (the leading region of catfish production in the USA), while the species responsible for earthy/musty off-flavors in catfish produced in the Mississippi-Alabama Blackland Prairie (MABP) region (second greatest region of catfish production) have not been described. We examined water samples from commercial catfish ponds in both regions to contrast the different types of cyanobacteria and assess the prevalence of geosmin and MIB. Results established that filamentous cyanobacteria are more common in west Mississippi compared to the MABP region. Also, the MIB-producing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata is present in catfish ponds in both geographic locations, and geosmin is more prevalent in catfish ponds in the MABP region than in west Mississippi. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kschrader@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 2807 EP 2814 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.044 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 956YH UT WOS:000231335500004 PM 15993924 ER PT J AU Wartelle, LH Marshall, WE AF Wartelle, LH Marshall, WE TI Chromate ion adsorption by agricultural by-products modified with dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea and choline chloride SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soybean hulls; sugarcane bagasse; corn stover; anion exchange resins; DMDHEU; choline chloride; chromium; arsenic; selenium ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CHROMIUM; REMOVAL; SAWDUST; CR(VI); HULLS AB The use of cellulose-containing agricultural by-products modified with the cross-linking reagent dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) and the quaternary amine, choline chloride, as anion exchange resins, has not been reported. The objective of the present study was to convert the readily available by-products, soybean hulls, sugarcane bagasse and corn stover to functional anion exchange resins using DMDHEU and choline chloride. Optimization of the modification method was achieved using soybean hulls as a substrate. The optimized method was additionally used to modify sugarcane bagasse and corn stover. Adsorption efficiency results with chromate ion showed that modification with both DMDHEU and choline chloride was required for the highest efficiencies. Adsorption capacities of the modified by-products were determined using chromate ion and found to be 1.97, 1.61 and 1.12 mmol/g for sugarcane bagasse, corn stover and soybean hulls, respectively. Competitive adsorption studies were conducted at 10 and 50 times US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) limits for arsenic, chromium and selenium in a simulated wastewater at pH 7. The results showed preferential adsorption of chromate ion over arsenate or selenate ion. Estimated product costs for the three resins ranged from $0.88/kg to $0.99/kg, which was considerably lower than the market costs for the two commercial anion exchange resins QA-52 and IRA-400 also used in this study. DMDHEU/choline chloride modification of the three by-products produced an anion exchange resin with a high capacity to adsorb chromate ion singly or competitively in the presence of other anions from aqueous solutions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Wartelle, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd,POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM wartelle@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 2869 EP 2876 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.001 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 956YH UT WOS:000231335500009 PM 15993923 ER PT J AU Morin, E Maddox, RA Goodrich, DC Sorooshian, S AF Morin, E Maddox, RA Goodrich, DC Sorooshian, S TI Radar Z-R relationship for summer monsoon storms in Arizona SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SCALE; BASIN AB Radar-based estimates of rainfall rates and accumulations are one of the principal tools used by the National Weather Service (NWS) to identify areas of extreme precipitation that could lead to flooding. Radar-based rainfall estimates have been compared to gauge observations for 13 convective storm events over a densely instrumented, experimental watershed to derive an accurate reflectivity-rainfall rate (i.e., Z-R) relationship for these events. The resultant Z-R relationship, which is much different than the NWS operational Z-R, has been examined for a separate, independent event that occurred over a different location. For all events studied, the NWS operational Z-R significantly overestimates rainfall compared to gauge measurements. The gauge data from the experimental network, the NWS operational rain estimates, and the improved estimates resulting from this study have been input into a hydrologic model to "predict" watershed runoff for an intense event. Rainfall data from the gauges and from the derived Z-R relation produce predictions in relatively good agreement with observed streamflows. The NWS Z-R estimates lead to predicted peak discharge rates that are more than twice as large as the observed discharges. These results were consistent over a relatively wide range of subwatershed areas (4-148 km(2)). The experimentally derived Z-R relationship may provide more accurate radar estimates for convective storms over the southwest United States than does the operational convective Z-R used by the NWS. These initial results suggest that the generic NWS Z-R relation, used nationally for convective storms, might be substantially improved for regional application. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Geog, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA. RP Morin, E (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Geog, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. EM rnsmorin@mscc.huji.ac.il RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 672 EP 679 DI 10.1175/WAF878.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200018 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Li, ZC Jewett, DK Britton, KO Ye, WH Ge, XJ AF Sun, JH Li, ZC Jewett, DK Britton, KO Ye, WH Ge, XJ TI Genetic diversity of Pueraria lobata (kudzu) and closely related taxa as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat analysis SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetic variation; invasive weed; ISSR; kudzu; Pueraria ID INVASIVE PLANT; ISSR ANALYSIS; MARKERS; POPULATIONS; ALLOZYME; BIOLOGY AB Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is a noxious weed infesting some areas of the USA. Knowledge of its genetic variation in both native and invasive areas can lead to effective biological control measures. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) variations were studied in P. lobata and its four closely related congeneric species (P. edulis, P. montana, P. phaseoloides and P. thomsoni). ISSR results allowed a clear separation of these five species. For P. lobata, 108 plants from China and USA were analysed. The samples from the US were genetically closer to Chinese P. lobata populations than to other congeneric populations. High genetic differentiation was found for P. lobata, P. montana and P. thomsoni in Chinese samples. High genetic diversity and low population differentiation was found in P. lobata samples of the US. This supports the hypothesis of multiple introductions into the USA from different sources in Japan or China, followed by subsequent gene exchange and recombination. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Ge, XJ (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. EM xjge@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 24 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2005.00462.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 950TS UT WOS:000230881300002 ER PT J AU Pontius, J Hallett, R Martin, M AF Pontius, J Hallett, R Martin, M TI Using AVIRIS to assess hemlock abundance and early decline in the Catskills, New York SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll a and b; hemlock woolly adelgid; mixture tuned matched filtering; forest health; hyperspectral remote sensing ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; VEGETATION INDEXES; SUNFLOWER LEAVES; NORWAY SPRUCE; PLANT STRESS; REFLECTANCE; NITROGEN AB In order to aid land managers in monitoring and controlling the ongoing hemlock woolly adelgid outbreak, more accurate landscape scale tools are required to locate the hemlock resource, identify infestation and spot early decline. To this end, NASA's Airborne Visible Infra-red Imaging Spectrometer was flown over the infestation front in the Catskills region of New York during the summer of 2001. Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering in ENVI was used to "unmix" spectra and quantify the hemlock signature contribution to each pixel. The resulting percent hemlock basal area coverage correctly identified hemlock dominated pixels (>40% basal area) with 83% accuracy. Key wavelengths and health indices were examined to determine if a subset of wavelengths could accurately predict an 11-class decline rating system. A linear regression based on reflectance at a chlorophyll sensitive wavelength (R683 nm), coupled with a water band index (R970/R900), was able to predict decline with 85% accuracy. The extreme accuracy at the low (0-3) end of the range indicated that these wavelengths might be used to assess early decline, before visual symptoms are apparent in the field. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, NRS, Durham, NH 03024 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Pontius, J (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, NRS, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03024 USA. EM jennifer.pontius@unh.edu NR 64 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.011 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 955NM UT WOS:000231232700002 ER PT J AU Doraiswamy, PC Sinclair, TR Hollinger, S Akhmedov, B Stern, A Prueger, J AF Doraiswamy, PC Sinclair, TR Hollinger, S Akhmedov, B Stern, A Prueger, J TI Application of MODIS derived parameters for regional crop yield assessment SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS application; crop yield; LAI; SAIL; LUT ID SAIL MODEL; REFLECTANCE; TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION; SIMULATION; RADIATION; CANOPIES; GROWTH AB NOAA AVHRR has been used extensively for monitoring vegetation condition and changes across the United States. Integration of crop growth models with MODIS imagery at 250 in resolution from the Terra Satellite potentially offers an opportunity for operational assessment of the crop condition and yield at both field and regional scales. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of the MODIS 250 in resolution data for retrieval of crop biophysical parameters that could be integrated in crop yield simulation models. A secondary objective was evaluating the potential use of MODIS 250 in resolution data for crop classification. A field study (24 fields) was conducted during the 2.000 crop season in McLean County, Illinois, in the U.S. Midwest to evaluate the applicability of the MODIS 8-day, 250 in resolution composite imagery (version 4) for operational assessment of crop condition and yields. Ground-based canopy and leaf reflectance and leaf area index (LAI) measurements were used to calibrate a radiative transfer model to create a look up table (LUT) that was used to simulate LAI. The seasonal trend of MODIS derived LAI was used to find crop model parameters by adjusting the LAI simulated from the climate-based crop yield model. Other intermediate products such as crop phenological events were adjusted from the LAI seasonal profile. Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield simulations were conducted on a 1.6 x 1.6 km(2) spatial resolution grid and the results integrated to the county level. The results were within 10% of county yields reported by the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Washington, DC USA. ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, Gainesville, FL USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Doraiswamy, PC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM pdoraiswariiy@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 18 TC 102 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.03.015 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 955NM UT WOS:000231232700004 ER PT J AU Laurent, EJ Shi, HJ Gatziolis, D LeBouton, JP Walters, MB Liu, JG AF Laurent, EJ Shi, HJ Gatziolis, D LeBouton, JP Walters, MB Liu, JG TI Using the spatial and spectral precision of satellite imagery to predict wildlife occurrence patterns SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; forest; birds; habitat; prediction; GAP; wildlife occurrence; Michigan; NDVI; SWIR; multiple season images; accuracy assessment; image classification ID HABITAT STRUCTURE; TERRITORY SIZE; LAKE-STATES; VEGETATION; FORESTS; BIRDS; CLASSIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY; DESIGN; MODEL AB We investigated the potential of using unclassified spectral data for predicting the distribution of three bird species over a similar to 400,000 ha region of Michigan's Upper Peninsula using Landsat ETM+ imagery and 433 locations sampled for birds through point count surveys. These species, Black-throated Green Warbler, Nashville Warbler, and Ovenbird, were known to be associated with forest understory features during breeding. We examined the influences of varying two spatially explicit classification parameters on prediction accuracy: 1) the window size used to average spectral values in signature creation and 2) the threshold distance required for bird detections to be counted as present. Two accuracy measurements, proportion correctly classified (PCC) and Kappa, of maps predicting species' occurrences were calculated with ground data not used during classification. Maps were validated for all three species with Kappa values >03 and PCC >0.6. However, PCC provided little information other than a summary of sample plot frequencies used to classify species' presence and absence. Comparisons with rule-based maps created using the approach of Gap Analysis showed that spectral information predicted the occurrence of these species that use forest subcanopy components better than could be done using known land cover associations (Kappa values 0.1 to 0.3 higher than Gap Analysis maps). Accuracy statistics for each species were affected in different ways by the detection distance of point count surveys used to stratify plots into presence and absence classes. Moderate-to-large detection distances (100 in and 180 in) best classified maps of Black-throated Green Warbler and Nashville Warbler occurrences, while moderate detection distances (50 in and 100 in), which ignored remote observations, provided the best source of information for classification of Ovenbird occurrence. Window sizes used in signature creation also influenced accuracy statistics but to a lesser extent. Highest Kappa values of majority maps were typically obtained using moderate window sizes of 9 to 13 pixels (0.8 to 1.2 ha), which are representative of the study species territory sizes. The accuracy of wildlife occurrence maps classified from spectral data will therefore differ given the species of interest, the spatial precision of occurrence records used as ground references and the number of pixels included in spectral signatures. For these reasons, a quantitative examination is warranted to determine how subjective decisions made during image classifications affect prediction accuracies. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Laurent, EJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, SE Gap Anal Project, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Ed_Laurent@ncsu.edu RI Liu, Jianguo/G-5211-2015 OI Liu, Jianguo/0000-0001-6344-0087 NR 79 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 249 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.015 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 955NM UT WOS:000231232700009 ER PT J AU Whittington, R Lim, C Klesius, PH AF Whittington, R Lim, C Klesius, PH TI Effect of dietary beta-glucan levels on the growth response and efficacy of Streptococcus iniae vaccine in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Nutrition and Feeding in Fish CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Phuket Isl, THAILAND SP Dept Fisheries DE beta-D-glucans; immunization; immune response; Streptococcus iniae; tilapia ID SALMO-SALAR L; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHANNEL CATFISH; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; NONSPECIFIC DEFENSE; YEAST GLUCAN; IMMUNOSTIMULANTS; FURUNCULOSIS; PERFORMANCE AB A feeding study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary beta-glucan levels on growth performance, immune responses and resistance of immunized and non-immunized Nile tilapia to Streptococcus iniae challenge. Fish were fed a 32% protein commercial diet supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg a-glucan for 14 weeks. After 10 weeks of feeding, neither immunization, beta-glucan nor their interaction affected weight gain and survival. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) of fish fed the 100 and 200-mg beta-glucan diets was slightly but significantly lower than those of the group fed the 50-mg beta-glucan diet, but these values did not differ from that of the control (0 mg beta-glucan diet). Average percent mortality (PM) decreased and relative percent survival (RPS) increased in fish immunized with the S. iniae ARS-98-60 vaccine. Dietary levels of beta-glucan and the interaction between dietary levels of beta-glucan and immunization had no effect on PM and RPS. Serum lysozyme activity at 14 days post-challenge (PC) significantly decreased in fish fed the highest dietary beta-glucan level but was not affected by immunization and the interaction between beta-glucan and immunization. Specific antibody levels 21 days post-booster immunization (PBI) and 14 days PC were not affected by dietary beta-glucan and the interaction between beta-glucan and immunization These parameters, however, were significantly enhanced by immunization with S. iniae vaccine, leading to increase protection against S. iniae infection. Dietary levels of beta-glucan had no effect on stimulating the S. iniae-specific antibody response and resistance of Nile tilapia against S. iniae infection. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM limch@mindspring.com NR 32 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUL 29 PY 2005 VL 248 IS 1-4 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.013 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 956HQ UT WOS:000231291200023 ER PT J AU Sanz, ML Cote, GL Gibson, GR Rastall, RA AF Sanz, ML Cote, GL Gibson, GR Rastall, RA TI Prebiotic properties of alternansucrase maltose-acceptor oligosaccharides SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alternansucrase; preblotic; maltose-acceptor products; molecular weight ID MESENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; GALACTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; VITRO; FERMENTATION; GROWTH; FOOD; BIFIDOBACTERIUM AB alpha-(1-6) and alpha-(1-3)-linked oligosaccharides were obtained from the reaction between sucrose and maltose, catalyzed by an alternansucrase isolated from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-21297 and separated using a Bio-Gel P2 column in six fractions. Fractions 1, 2, and 3 were mainly composed of DP3, DP4, and DP5, respectively. However, fractions 4, 5, and 6 consisted of mixtures from DP5 to IDP9, and they are identified here as DP5.7, DP6.7, and DP7.4, respectively. Potential prebiotic properties of these oligosaccharides were tested using pure and mixed cultures. Generally, in pure studies, most of the tested bacteria failed to grow or grew poorly using the DP6.7 and DP7.4 fractions and showed the greatest growth on DP3. Growth of fecal bacteria on the maltose-acceptor products was tested following an in vitro fermentation method. DP3 showed the highest prebiotic effect, followed by DP4 and DP6.7, whereas DP7.4 did not present any prebiotic activity. C1 Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rastall, RA (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, POB 226, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. EM r.a.rastall@rdg.ac.uk RI Gibson, Glenn/A-9595-2009; Sanz, Maria Luz/G-3815-2011 OI Sanz, Maria Luz/0000-0002-8156-4734 NR 31 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 15 BP 5911 EP 5916 DI 10.1021/jf050344e PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 948FW UT WOS:000230702400013 PM 16028973 ER PT J AU Cantrell, CL Klun, JA Bryson, CT Kobaisy, M Duke, SO AF Cantrell, CL Klun, JA Bryson, CT Kobaisy, M Duke, SO TI Isolation and identification of mosquito bite deterrent terpenoids from leaves of American (Callicarpa americana) and Japanese (Callicarpa japonica) beautyberry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Callicarpa; americana; japonica; Verbenaceae; spathulenol; intermedeol; alpha-humulene; callicarpenal; mosquito; repellent; deterrent; Aedes aegypti; Anopheles stephensi ID VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS; ESSENTIAL OIL; THUNB; SESQUITERPENES; DITERPENES AB Essential oil extracts from Callicarpa americana and Callicarpa japonica were investigated. Bioassay-guided fractionation of C. americana extracts using the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, led to the isolation of alpha-humulene, humulene epoxide II, and intermedeol and a newly isolated terpenoid (callicarpenal). Similar work involving C. Japonica resulted in the isolation of an additional compound, spathulenol, as well as the four compounds isolated from C. americana. Structure elucidation was performed on all isolated compounds using a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-electron ionization, high-resolution liquid chromatography-MS-electrospray ionization, and one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments. Heretofore, 13,14,15,16-tetranorclerodane, callicarpenal, has never been identified from natural sources. Complete H-1 and C-13 NMR assignment data are provided for this compound. In bite deterrent studies, spathulenol, intermedeol, and callicarpenal showed significant repellent activity against A. aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Cantrell, CL (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ccantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 15 BP 5948 EP 5953 DI 10.1021/jf0509308 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 948FW UT WOS:000230702400019 PM 16028979 ER PT J AU Eller, FJ List, GR Teel, JA Steidley, KR Adlof, RO AF Eller, FJ List, GR Teel, JA Steidley, KR Adlof, RO TI Preparation of spread oils meeting US food and drug administration labeling requirements for trans fatty acids via pressure-controlled hydrogenation SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soybean hydrogenation; trans fat; labeling requirements AB On July 11, 2003, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced final regulations for trans fatty acid (TFA) labeling. By January 1, 2006, the TFA content of foods must be labeled as a separate line on the Nutrition Facts label. Products containing < 0.5 g of TFA/14 g serving may be declared as zero. This paper describes technologies allowing compliance with TFA labeling requirements. Soybean oil was hydrogenated in a 2-L vessel at temperatures ranging from 120 to 170 degrees C at a hydrogen pressure of 200 psi. A commercial nickel-supported catalyst (25% Ni) was used at 0.02% Ni by weight of oil. The hydrogenated oils were characterized for fatty acid composition, solid fat content, and melting point. Compared to commercially processed soybean oil basestocks that typically contain similar to 40% TFA, those obtained at lower temperatures and higher pressures contain > 56% less TFA. Basestocks prepared in the laboratory when blended with liquid soybean oil will yield spread oils meeting FDA labeling requirements for zero TFA, that is, < 0.5 g of TFA/serving. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ellerfj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 15 BP 5982 EP 5984 DI 10.1021/jf047849+ PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 948FW UT WOS:000230702400024 PM 16028984 ER PT J AU Harman-Fetcho, JA Hapeman, CJ McConnell, LL Potter, TL Rice, CP Sadeghi, AM Smith, RD Bialek, K Sefton, KA Schaffer, BA Curry, R AF Harman-Fetcho, JA Hapeman, CJ McConnell, LL Potter, TL Rice, CP Sadeghi, AM Smith, RD Bialek, K Sefton, KA Schaffer, BA Curry, R TI Pesticide occurrence in selected South Florida canals and biscayne bay during high agricultural activity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pesticide; agrochemical; atrazine; endosulfan; chlorothalonil; chlorpyrifos; metolachlor; hazard potential; South Florida; everglades; Biscayne Bay; Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) AB Climate and soil conditions in South Florida along with an extensive canal system facilitate movement of agricultural pesticides into surface waters. In a two-year study (2002-2004) of the currently used pesticides in South Florida, atrazine, endosulfan, metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, and chlorothalonil were the most frequently detected in the canals and in Biscayne Bay, with average concentrations of 16, 11, 9.0, 2.6, and 6.0 ng/L, respectively. Concentrations of atrazine and chlorpyrifos were highest near corn production. Chlorothalonil and endosulfan concentrations were highest near vegetable production, with no clear trend for metolachlor, which is used on multiple crops. Concentration data were used to calculate an aquatic life hazard potential for the planting period (November) versus the harvest period (March). This analysis indicated that a higher hazard potential occurs during harvest, primarily from the use of enclosulfan. These data will also serve to document canal conditions prior to implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL 33033 USA. RP Hapeman, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hapemanc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 15 BP 6040 EP 6048 DI 10.1021/jf047803g PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 948FW UT WOS:000230702400033 PM 16028993 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Lee, KR Kim, HJ Lee, IS Kozukue, N AF Friedman, M Lee, KR Kim, HJ Lee, IS Kozukue, N TI Anticarcinogenic effects of glycoalkaloids from potatoes against human cervical, liver, lymphoma, and stomach cancer cells SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE potatoes; glycoalkaloids; analysis; anticarcinogenic effects; human cancer cells; MTT assay; microscopy ID ALPHA-CHACONINE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; BRAN EXTRACTS; SOLANINE; INHIBITION; HYDROLYSIS; EMBRYOS; SAFETY; SEEDS; ASSAY AB Methods were devised for the isolation of large amounts of pure alpha-chaconine and a-solanine from Dejima potatoes and for the extraction and analysis of total glycoalkaloids from five fresh potato varieties (Dejima, Jowon, Sumi, Toya, and Vora Valley). These compounds were then evaluated in experiments using a tetrazolium microculture (MTT) assay to assess the anticarcinogenic effects of (a) the isolated pure glycoalkaloids separately, (b) artificial mixtures of the two glycoalkaloids, and (c) the total glycoalkaloids isolated from each of the five potato varieties. All samples tested reduced the numbers of the following human cell lines: cervical (HeLa), liver (HepG2), lymphoma (U937), stomach (AGS and KATO 111) cancer cells and normal liver (Chang) cells. The results show that (a) the effects of the glycoalkaloids were concentration dependent in the range of 0.1-10 mu g/mL (0.117-11.7 nmol/mL); (b) alpha-chaconine was more active than was alpha-solanine; (c) some mixtures exhibited synergistic effects, whereas other produced additive ones; (d) the different cancer cells varied in their susceptibilities to destruction; and (e) the destruction of normal liver cells was generally lower than that of cancer liver cells. The decreases in cell populations were also observed visually by reversed-phase microscopy. The results complement related observations on the anticarcinogenic potential of food ingredients. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Uiduck Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyongbuk 780713, South Korea. Keimyung Univ, Ctr Tradit Microorganism Resources, Taegu 704701, South Korea. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 29 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 15 BP 6162 EP 6169 DI 10.1021/jf050620p PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 948FW UT WOS:000230702400052 PM 16029012 ER PT J AU Nakayashiki, T Kurtzman, CP Edskes, HK Wickner, RB AF Nakayashiki, T Kurtzman, CP Edskes, HK Wickner, RB TI Yeast prions [URE3] and [PSI+] are diseases SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; KILLER GENE; SELFISH DNA; 20-S RNA; PROTEIN; CONSERVATION; REVEALS; CLONING AB Viruses, plasmids, and prions can spread in nature despite being a burden to their hosts. Because a prion arises de novo in more than one in 106 yeast cells and spreads to all offspring in meiosis, its absence in wild strains would imply that it has a net deleterious effect on its host. Among 70 wild Saccharomyces strains, we found the [PIN+] prion in 11 strains, but the [URE3] and [PSI+] prions were uniformly absent. In contrast, the "selfish" 2 mu DNA was in 38 wild strains and the self ish RNA replicons L-BC, 20S, and 23S were found in 8, 14, and 1 strains, respectively. The absence of [URE3] and [PSI+] in wild strains indicates that each prion has a net deleterious effect on its host. C1 NIDDKD, Lab Biochem & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Wickner, RB (reprint author), NIDDKD, Lab Biochem & Genet, NIH, Bldg 8,Room 225, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM wickner@helix.nih.gov NR 54 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 26 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 30 BP 10575 EP 10580 DI 10.1073/pnas.0504882102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 950JL UT WOS:000230853300032 PM 16024723 ER PT J AU Sims, DA Rahman, AF Cordova, VD Baldocchi, DD Flanagan, LB Goldstein, AH Hollinger, DY Misson, L Monson, RK Schmid, HP Wofsy, SC Xu, LK AF Sims, DA Rahman, AF Cordova, VD Baldocchi, DD Flanagan, LB Goldstein, AH Hollinger, DY Misson, L Monson, RK Schmid, HP Wofsy, SC Xu, LK TI Midday values of gross CO2 flux and light use efficiency during satellite overpasses can be used to directly estimate eight-day mean flux SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon uptake; natural ecosystems; eddy correlation; PAR; remote sensing ID PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; NORTHERN TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; BOREAL FOREST; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; SEASONAL PATTERNS; EUROPEAN FORESTS AB Most satellites provide, at best, a single daily snapshot of vegetation and, at worst, these snapshots may be separated by periods of many days when the ground was obscured by cloud cover. Since vegetation carbon exchange can be very dynamic on diurnal and day-to-day timescales, the limited temporal resolution of satellite data is a potential limitation in the use of these data to estimate integrated CO2 exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere. Our objective in this study was to determine whether consistent relationships exist between midday carbon flux on clear days and daily or 8-day mean values. CO2 flux data were obtained from eight sites, covering a wide range of vegetation types, which are part of the AmeriFlux system. Midday gross CO2 exchange was highly correlated with both daily and 8-day mean gross CO2 exchange and these relationships were consistent across all the vegetation types. In addition, it did not make any difference whether the midday data were derived from the AM or PM satellite overpass times, indicating that midday depression of photosynthesis was not a significant factor in these relationships. Inclusion of cloudy days in the 8-day means also did not affect the relationships relative to single clear days. Although there was a relationship between photosynthetic rates and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for half hour data, this relationship tended to saturate at PAR values less than half of full sun and for many of the sites the relationship between daily total photosynthesis and PAR was very weak. Consequently, cloudy conditions had less effect on daily gross CO2 exchange than would have been expected. Conversely, the saturation of photosynthesis at moderate PAR values resulted in considerable variation in light use efficiency (LUE). LUE was higher for daily and 8-day means than it was at midday on clear days and the correlation between midday and 8-day mean LUE was relatively weak. Although these results suggest that it may not be possible to estimate 8-day mean LUE reliably from satellite data, LUE models may still be useful for estimation of midday values of gross CO2 exchange which could then be related to longer term means of CO2 exchange. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ball State Univ, Dept Geog, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. Ball State Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Licor Inc Environm, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Sims, DA (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Geog, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM dasims@bsu.edu; faiz@bsu.edu; vdcordova@bsu.edu; baldocchi@nature.berkeley.edu; larry.flanagan@uleth.ca; ahg@nature.berkeley.edu; dhollinger@fs.fed.us; lmisson@nature.berkeley.edu; russell.monson@colorado.edu; hschmid@indiana.edu; scw@io.harvard.edu; LXu@licor.com RI Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Flanagan, Lawrence/B-1307-2013; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Flanagan, Lawrence/0000-0003-1748-0306; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 44 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 25 PY 2005 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.04.006 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953UC UT WOS:000231105000001 ER PT J AU Pollen, N Simon, A AF Pollen, N Simon, A TI Estimating the mechanical effects of riparian vegetation on stream bank stability using a fiber bundle model SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LOAD-TRANSFER MODELS; TREE ROOTS; SHEAR RESISTANCE; SOIL; STRENGTH; REINFORCEMENT; DYNAMICS; FRACTURE; LENGTH; RIVERS AB Recent research has suggested that the roots of riparian vegetation dramatically increase the geomechanical stability ( i. e., factor of safety) of stream banks. Past research has used a perpendicular root reinforcement model that assumes that all of the tensile strength of the roots is mobilized instantaneously at the moment of bank failure. In reality, as a soil- root matrix shears, the roots contained within the soil have different tensile strengths and thus break progressively, with an associated redistribution of stress as each root breaks. This mode of progressive failure is well described by fiber bundle models in material science. In this paper, we apply a fiber bundle approach to tensile strength data collected from 12 riparian species and compare the root reinforcement estimates against direct shear tests with root- permeated and non- root- permeated samples. The results were then input to a stream bank stability model to assess the impact of the differences between the root models on stream bank factor of safety values. The new fiber bundle model, RipRoot, provided more accurate estimates of root reinforcement through its inclusion of progressive root breaking during mass failure of a stream bank. In cases where bank driving forces were great enough to break all of the roots, the perpendicular root model overestimated root reinforcement by up to 50%, with overestimation increasing an order of magnitude in model runs where stream bank driving forces did not exceed root strength. For the highest bank modeled ( 3 m) the difference in factor of safety values between runs with the two models varied from 0.13 to 2.39 depending on the riparian species considered. Thus recent work has almost certainly overestimated the effect of vegetation roots on mass stability of stream banks. C1 ARS, Channel & Watershed Proc Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS USA. RP Pollen, N (reprint author), ARS, Channel & Watershed Proc Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS USA. EM npollen@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 150 Z9 156 U1 6 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 23 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 7 AR W07025 DI 10.1029/2004WR003801 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 951IS UT WOS:000230923600004 ER PT J AU David, RRA James, PMA Fellman, JK AF David, RRA James, PMA Fellman, JK TI Evaluation of diphenylamine derivatives in apple peel using gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-visible absorption and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass selective detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE 3-methoxydiphenylamine; 2-nitrodiphenylamine; 4-nitrodiphenylamine; N-nitrosodiphenylamine; 4-hydroxydiphenylamine; 3-hydroxydiphenylamine; N-phenyl-4-quinoneimine; 4-methoxydiphenylamine ID N-NITROSODIPHENYLAMINE; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; ALPHA-FARNESENE; STORED APPLES; OXIDATION; METABOLISM AB A method was developed for extracting, identifying, and quantifying diphenylamine (DPA) derivatives in the peel of DPA-treated apples using gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-visible absorption and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization detection (LC-UV-vis-APCI-MS). Compounds routinely analyzed using this method included hydroxylated, nitrosated, nitrated, and methoxylated diphenylamine derivatives. Analysis of peel treated with 0-8 g L-1 DPA showed that peel DPA content was a limiting factor in derivative production and that recovery of most compounds over this range was linear. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP James, PMA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mattheis@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 22 PY 2005 VL 1081 IS 2 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.060 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 942ZH UT WOS:000230320900010 ER PT J AU Givnish, TJ Pires, JC Graham, SW McPherson, MA Prince, LM Patterson, TB Rai, HS Roalson, EH Evans, TM Hahn, WJ Millam, KC Meerow, AW Molvray, M Kores, PJ O'Brien, HE Hall, JC Kress, WJ Sytsma, KJ AF Givnish, TJ Pires, JC Graham, SW McPherson, MA Prince, LM Patterson, TB Rai, HS Roalson, EH Evans, TM Hahn, WJ Millam, KC Meerow, AW Molvray, M Kores, PJ O'Brien, HE Hall, JC Kress, WJ Sytsma, KJ TI Repeated evolution of net venation and fleshy fruits among monocots in shaded habitats confirms a priori predictions: evidence from an ndhF phylogeny SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE adaptation; correlated evolution; molecular systematics; monocotyledons ID SEED PLANT PHYLOGENY; FLOWERING PLANTS; SEQUENCE DATA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; DIVERGENCE TIMES; RBCL; ANGIOSPERMS; FAMILIES; GNETALES; CONIFERS AB We present a well-resolved, highly inclusive phylogeny for monocots, based on ndhF sequence variation, and use it to test a priori hypotheses that net venation and vertebrate-dispersed fleshy fruits should undergo concerted convergence, representing independent but often concurrent adaptations to shaded conditions. Our data demonstrate that net venation arose at least 26 times and was lost eight times over the past 90 million years; fleshy fruits arose at least 21 times and disappeared I I times. Both traits show a highly significant pattern of concerted convergence (p < 10(-9)), arising 16 times and disappearing four times in tandem. This phenomenon appears driven by even stronger tendencies for both traits to evolve in shade and be lost in open habitats (p < 10(-13)-10(-29)). These patterns are among the strongest ever demonstrated for evolutionary convergence in individual traits and the predictability of evolution, and the strongest evidence yet uncovered for concerted convergence. The rate of adaptive shifts per taxon has declined exponentially over the past 90 million years, as expected when large-scale radiations fill adaptive zones. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ British Columbia, Bot Garden, Ctr Plant Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Rancho Santa Ana Bot Garden, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Hope Coll, Dept Biol, Holland, MI 49422 USA. Georgetown Coll, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USDA ARS, SHRS, Natl Germplasm Repository & Fairchild Trop Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. Moorpark Coll, Dept Biol, Moorpark, CA 93021 USA. Harvard Univ, Arnold Arboretum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Givnish, TJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM givnish@wisc.edu RI Graham, Sean/L-3944-2014; OI Graham, Sean/0000-0001-8209-5231; Pires, J Chris/0000-0001-9682-2639 NR 42 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 22 PY 2005 VL 272 IS 1571 BP 1481 EP 1490 DI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3067 PG 10 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 955ZM UT WOS:000231268700009 PM 16011923 ER PT J AU Vanden Wymelenberg, A Sabat, G Martinez, D Rajangam, AS Teeri, TT Gaskell, J Kersten, PJ Cullen, D AF Vanden Wymelenberg, A Sabat, G Martinez, D Rajangam, AS Teeri, TT Gaskell, J Kersten, PJ Cullen, D TI The Phanerochaete chrysosporium secretome: Database predictions and initial mass spectrometry peptide identifications in cellulose-grown medium SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phanerochaete chrysosporium; genome; proteome; secretome; glycosyl hydrolase; cellulase ID MAIN ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE; CELLOBIOSE DEHYDROGENASE; SPOROTRICHUM-PULVERULENTUM; ENZYME-SYSTEM; LIGNINOLYTIC CULTURES; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; DEGRADING ENZYME; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; FUNGUS AB The white rot basidiomycete, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, employs an array of extracellular enzymes to completely degrade the major polymers of wood: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Towards the identification of participating enzymes, 268 likely secreted proteins were predicted using SignalP and TargetP algorithms. To assess the reliability of secretome predictions and to evaluate the usefulness of the current database, we performed shotgun LC-MS/MS on cultures grown on standard cellulose-containing medium. A total of 182 unique peptide sequences were matched to 50 specific genes, of which 24 were among the secretome subset. Underscoring the rich genetic diversity of R chrysosporium, identifications included 32 glycosyl hydrolases. Functionally interconnected enzyme groups were recognized. For example, the multiple endoglucanases and processive exocellobiohydrolases observed quite probably attack cellulose in a synergistic manner. In addition, a hemicellulolytic system included endoxylanases, alpha-galactosidase, acetyl xylan esterase, and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase. Glucose and cellobiose metabolism likely involves cellobiose dehydrogenase, glucose oxidase, and various inverting glycoside hydrolases, all perhaps enhanced by an epimerase. To evaluate the completeness of the current database, mass spectroscopy analysis was performed on a larger and more inclusive dataset containing all possible ORFs. This allowed identification of a previously undetected hypothetical protein and a putative acid phosphatase. The expression of several genes was supported by RT-PCR amplification of their cDNAs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Genet & Biotechnol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Stockholm, Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Teeri, Tuula/E-7509-2013 NR 54 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD JUL 21 PY 2005 VL 118 IS 1 BP 17 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.03.010 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 943CD UT WOS:000230328500003 ER PT J AU Byers, JA AF Byers, JA TI Chemical constraints on the evolution of olfactory communication channels of moths SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lepidoptera; pheromone components; speciation; geometric isomers; programming geometric sums ID PHEROMONE TETRADECYL ACETATE; SEX-PHEROMONE; LEAFROLLER MOTH; BIOSYNTHESIS; LEPIDOPTERA; HYDROCARBONS; DESATURATION; COLEOPTERA; LAMPYRIDAE; SPECIATION AB It is estimated there are over 100,000 moth species (Lepidoptera) that produce sex pheromones comprising communication channels used in specific-mate-recognition systems (SMRS) involved in pre-zygotic mating isolation and speciation. About 1572 moth species have been found to use 377 pheromone components, the majority being alcohols, aldehydes or acetate esters of olefinic chains of 10-22 carbons. Since there are limited numbers of possible unsaturated (double bonded) E- and Z-configured isomers of these chains, there may be constraints on incipient species evolving new pheromone components, especially if they are utilized by existing species. Here I develop algorithms that count and name all possible structures of chains with or without a functional group. The results show that for acetate esters there are only seven or nine monounsaturated isomers of six or seven carbon chains, respectively, suggesting use of these compounds could limit the number of communication channels available for radiation of new species (no moths use these short chains). For commonly used 14-carbon chains with an acetate ester functional group, and 1-3 unsaturations, there are 1039 isomers. A total of 2,096,883 isomers were counted from all multiply unsaturated 10-22-carbon chain acetate esters. The number of possible signals quickly extends into millions when considering pheromone blends of 2-4 components used by most species. There should be little chemical constraint on evolution of new communication channels based on compounds of 10 or more carbons, even for closely related species (e.g. ermine moths, Yponomeuta). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jbyers@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JUL 21 PY 2005 VL 235 IS 2 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.01.003 PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 928BQ UT WOS:000229246500005 PM 15862589 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH Russell, RM AF Lichtenstein, AH Russell, RM TI Essential nutrients: Food or supplements? Where should the emphasis be? SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LONG-TERM SUPPLEMENTATION; BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTS; VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HIGH-RISK PATIENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL AB The consumption of adequate levels and proper balance of essential nutrients is critical for maintaining health. The identification, isolation, and purification of nutrients in the early 20th century raised the possibility that optimal health outcomes could be realized through nutrient supplementation. Recent attempts using this approach for cardiovascular disease and lung cancer have been disappointing, as demonstrated with vitamin E and beta carotene. Moreover, previously unrecognized risks caused by nutrient toxicity and nutrient interactions have surfaced during intervention studies. The most promising data in the area of nutrition and positive health outcomes relate to dietary patterns, not nutrient supplements. These data suggest that other factors in food or the relative presence of some foods and the absence of other foods are more important than the level of individual nutrients consumed. Finally, unknown are the implications on public health behavior of shifting the emphasis away from food toward nutrient supplements. Notwithstanding the justification for targeting recommendations for nutrient supplements to certain segments of the population (eg, the elderly), there are insufficient data to justify an alteration in public health policy from one that emphasizes food and diet to one that emphasizes nutrient supplements. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu NR 124 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 3 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1001/jama.294.3.351 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 946YL UT WOS:000230609100020 PM 16030280 ER PT J AU Angier, JT McCarty, GW Prestegaard, KL AF Angier, JT McCarty, GW Prestegaard, KL TI Hydrology of a first-order riparian zone and stream, mid-Atlantic coastal plain, Maryland SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater; preferential flow; NO3-; upwelling; wetland ID SURFACE-WATER INTERACTIONS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW PATTERNS; NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION; NITROGEN; WETLANDS; FOREST; CATCHMENTS; QUALITY; EXPORT AB Riparian buffer strips are considered to provide natural remediation for groundwater contaminants, but this function is partly based on a relatively simple model of riparian zone hydrology; specifically, horizontal matrix flow through the shallow subsurface. Deviation from horizontal flow leads to asymmetrical groundwater emergence onto the surface and greater propensity for contaminant delivery to the stream. The study site, at the USDA-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, is in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain of Maryland. The site contains a small first-order stream that is instrumented with five stations for monitoring stream flow and chemistry, and 170 nested piezometers (mostly in transects) for evaluating groundwater hydrology and geochemistry. Subsurface microstratigraphy and macroporosity are largely responsible for observed spatial and temporal variations in groundwater contributions to the stream. The portion of the stream that shows the highest rate of flow increase per stream length contains discrete zones of enhanced groundwater discharge (upwelling) to the surface, which supply most of the additional stream flow. These upwelling zones display high (positive) vertical hydraulic heads, which relate to the amount of groundwater discharged from those points. One particular area of intense groundwater upwelling supplies approximately 4% of the total stream outflow, yet comprises only 0.006% of the riparian zone. The upwelling zones also supply most of the NO3- to the surface. Zones of focused groundwater exfiltration that sustain stream baseflow do not correspond with erosional features, and have a great impact on stream flow characteristics and NO3- behavior. Few studies to date have elucidated and quantified contributions from specific surface features (e.g. upwelling zones, discharging macropores). More emphasis and research needs to be directed to the importance of focused groundwater exfiltration points for stream flow generation and NO3- transport, with the goal of devising more effective management regulations for preserving and enhancing riparian zone mitigation function. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, ANRI, Environm Qual Lab,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Angier, JT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ANRI, Environm Qual Lab,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM angierj@ba.ars.usda.gov; mccartyg@ba.ars.usda.gov; kpresto@glue.umd.edu NR 38 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 19 PY 2005 VL 309 IS 1-4 BP 149 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.017 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 938SR UT WOS:000230023700011 ER PT J AU Gundale, MJ DeLuca, TH Fiedler, CE Ramsey, PW Harrington, MG Gannon, JE AF Gundale, MJ DeLuca, TH Fiedler, CE Ramsey, PW Harrington, MG Gannon, JE TI Restoration treatments in a Montana ponderosa pine forest: Effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ponderosa pine; fuels management; nitrogen cycling; microbial community; prescribed fire; thinning; restoration ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; NUTRIENT RELEASE; SHORT-TERM; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NORTHERN ROCKIES; PRESCRIBED FIRE; ORGANIC-MATTER; ACID ANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM AB Low-elevation ponderosa pine ecosystems of the inland northwestern United States experienced frequent, low-severity fire that promoted open stands dominated by large diameter ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Fire exclusion has led to increased stand densities, often due to proliferation of less fire-tolerant species and an increased risk of stand-replacing wildfire. These fundamental changes have spurred interest in forest restoration treatments, including thinning, prescribed burning and thinning combined with prescribed burning. We examined the response of numerous soil physical, chemical and biological parameters to these treatments 1 and 3 years post-treatment, using a replicated field experiment. Individual restoration treatments were implemented in 9 ha units. We observed significantly lower C:N in the O horizon and higher O horizon and mineral soil NH4+ concentrations in both BURN and THIN/BURN treatments during year 1. Soil NH4+ remained elevated through year 3 in the THIN/BURN treatment. Net N mineralization, nitrification and NO3- concentration were significantly greater in the THIN/BURN than all other treatments during year 1 and net nitrification rates remained elevated through year 3. A high C:N substrate decomposed more rapidly in both BURN treatments relative to the unburned treatments. Treatments had no immediate effect on the soil microbial community; however, phospholipid fatty acid profiles differed 16-18 weeks following treatments due to higher actinomycetes in the THIN/BURN treatment. The large scale of our treatment units resulted in significant variation in fire severity among prescribed bums as a function of variation in fuel quantity and distribution, and weather conditions during burn days. Correlation analysis revealed that variation in fine fuel consumed was tightly correlated with net N mineralization and net nitrification. These differences in soil characteristics may influence stand productivity and understory species composition in the future. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP DeLuca, TH (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.deluca@cfc.umt.edu RI DeLuca, Thomas/B-4547-2012; Gundale, Michael /O-1265-2013 OI Gundale, Michael /0000-0003-2447-609X NR 52 TC 67 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 18 PY 2005 VL 213 IS 1-3 BP 25 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.015 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 944PD UT WOS:000230440200003 ER PT J AU McPherson, BA Mori, SR Wood, DL Storer, AJ Svihra, P Kelly, NM Standiford, RB AF McPherson, BA Mori, SR Wood, DL Storer, AJ Svihra, P Kelly, NM Standiford, RB TI Sudden oak death in California: Disease progression in oaks and tanoaks SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coast live oak; tanoak; California black oak; sudden oak death; Phytophthora ramorum; Scolytidae; survival analysis ID PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; CANKER; MORTALITY; POPULATION; OREGON; BEECH; PINE; BARK AB Sudden oak death (SOD), caused by Phytophthora ramorum, is killing oaks and tanoaks in the Coast Ranges of California, from Monterey County to Humboldt County. In March 2000, 20 disease progression plots were established in Marin County, California, to characterize the progress of disease symptoms, and to determine the fidelity of the association of three or more bark and ambrosia beetle species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with diseased oaks and tanoaks. Symptoms of sudden oak death and signs of associated organisms were recorded from coast live oaks (Quercus agrifolia), California black oaks (Q. kelloggii), valley oaks (Q. lobata), and tanoaks (Lithocarpus densiflorus), four times per year, from March 2000 through March 2003. Symptoms and signs in Q. agrifolia progressed from bleeding, to infestation by scolytid beetles, to the development of fruiting structures of the fungus Hypoxylon thottarsianum. Mortality of symptomatic trees increased from 2000 to 2003 as follows: Q. agrifolia (n = 668), 5.8-17.4%; Q. kelloggii (it = 53), 3.8-9.4%; and L. densiflorus (n = 164), 8.3-22.2%. All 31 Q. lobata remained asymptomatic. From 2000 to 2003, bleeding trees were 25.0-23.6% of living Q. agrifolia, 15.5-25.0% of Q. kelloggii, and 39.0-62.4% of L. densiflorus. Scolytid beetles colonized more than 95% of the living symptomatic Q. agrifolia that subsequently died. Same-symptom cohorts were followed from March 2000 through March 2003. In the asymptomatic Q. agrifolia cohort, 12.0% developed bleeding by 2003. For the bleeding only cohort, 22.7% of Q. agrifolia died, but 73.5% of the beetle-colonized bleeding cohort died. Bleeding developed in 40.9% of the initially asymptomatic L densiflorus cohort. By 2003, 24.6% of the initially bleeding L. densiflorus cohort had died. Both Weibull and Cox Proportional Hazards regression were used to model cohort survival. The median survival time estimated by Weibull regression models declined rapidly by disease category (asymptomatic, bleeding only, bleeding with beetles), from 29 to 2.7 years for Q. agrifolia, and from 12.6 to 2.9 years for L. densiflorus. By 2003, structural bole failure had occurred in 21.5% of the Q. agrifolia that were bleeding in 2000, 93% of which had ambrosia beetle tunnels at the breakage point. For both Q. agrifolia and L. densiflorus, health failure analysis modeled by Weibull regression found a greater probability of developing sudden oak death for trees with larger stem diameters. Beetles were also positively correlated with larger diameter bleeding Q. agrifolia. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Nat Resources, Ctr Forestry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Forest Serv, Environm Stat Unit, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Insect Biol, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Novato, CA 94947 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McPherson, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Nat Resources, Ctr Forestry, 145 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aoxomoxo@nature.berkeley.edu OI Kelly, Nina Maggi/0000-0002-0198-2822 NR 40 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 18 PY 2005 VL 213 IS 1-3 BP 71 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.048 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 944PD UT WOS:000230440200006 ER PT J AU Barry, JJ Buffington, JM King, JG AF Barry, JJ Buffington, JM King, JG TI Reply to comment by Claude Michel on "A general power equation for predicting bed load transport rates in gravel bed rivers" SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CH2MHILL, Water Resources & Environm Management, Boise, ID 83712 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Barry, JJ (reprint author), CH2MHILL, Water Resources & Environm Management, 700 Clearwater Lane, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM jeffrey.barry@ch2m.com NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 16 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 7 AR W07016 DI 10.1029/2005WR004172 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 950EZ UT WOS:000230841700003 ER PT J AU Natarajan, S Xu, CP Caperna, TJ Garrett, WA AF Natarajan, S Xu, CP Caperna, TJ Garrett, WA TI Comparison of protein solubilization methods suitable for proteomic analysis of soybean seed proteins SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE proteomics; soybean seeds; Glycine max; MALDI-TOF-MS; LC-MS; 2D-PAGE; glycinin; beta-conglycinin ID IMMOBILIZED PH GRADIENTS; TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; BETA-CONGLYCININ; BARLEY; IDENTIFICATION; DATABASES; SUBUNITS AB Extraction of soybean seed proteins for two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrometry analysis is challenging and inconsistent. In this study, we compared four different protein extraction/solubilization methods-urea. thiourea/urea, phenol, and a modified trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone-to determine their efficacy in separating soybean seed proteins by 2D-PAGE. In all four methods, seed storage proteins were well separated by 2D-PAGE with minor variations in the intensity of the spots. The thiourea/urea and TCA methods showed higher protein resolution and spot intensity of all proteins compared with the other two methods. In addition, several less abundant and high molecular weight proteins were clearly resolved and strongly detected using the thiourea/urea and TCA methods. Protein spots obtained from the TCA method were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis to test their quality and compatibility. Fifteen protein spots were selected.. digested with trypsin, and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The proteins identified were beta-conglycinin, glycinin, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, alcohol dehydrogenase, Gly m Bd 28K allergen, and sucrose binding proteins. These results Suggest that the thiourea/urea and TCA methods are efficient and reliable methods for 2D separation of soybean seed proteins and subsequent identification by mass spectrometry. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Soybea Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Natarajan, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybea Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM natarajs@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Xu, Chenping/C-7751-2009 NR 28 TC 116 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 342 IS 2 BP 214 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2005.04.046 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 945SK UT WOS:000230522300006 PM 15953580 ER PT J AU Shirk, PD Furlong, RB Gillette, JG Bossin, H AF Shirk, PD Furlong, RB Gillette, JG Bossin, H TI Functionality of JcDNV-Derived somatic transformation vectors in insects and the role of viral enhancer sequences. SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 64th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Development-Biology CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Dev Biol C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. IAEA, FAO, Agr & Biotechnol Lab, Seibersdorf, Austria. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 283 IS 2 MA 175 BP 610 EP 611 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 947YS UT WOS:000230683800196 ER PT J AU Prueger, JH Gish, TJ McConnell, LL McKee, LG Hatfield, JL Kustas, WP AF Prueger, JH Gish, TJ McConnell, LL McKee, LG Hatfield, JL Kustas, WP TI Solar radiation, relative humidity, and soil water effects on metolachlor volatilization SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COUPLING DIAZINON VOLATILIZATION; UNSATURATED SOILS; CENTRAL IOWA; SPRAY DRIFT; PESTICIDES; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; ATRAZINE; CHLORPYRIFOS; EVAPORATION AB Pesticide volatilization is a significant loss pathway that may have unintended consequences in nontarget environments. Field-scale pesticide volatilization involves the interaction of a number of complex variables. There is a need to acquire pesticide volatilization fluxes from a location where several of these variables can be held constant. Accordingly, soil properties, tillage practices, surface residue management, and pesticide formulations were held constant while fundamental information regarding metolachlor volatilization (a pre-emergent pesticide) was monitored over a five-year period as influenced by meteorological variables and soil water content. Metolachlor vapor concentrations were measured continuously for 120 h after each application using polyurethane foam plugs in a logarithmic profile above the soil surface. A flux gradient technique was used to compute volatilization fluxes from metolachlor concentration profiles and turbulent fluxes of heat and water vapor (as determined from eddy covariance measurements). Differences in meteorological conditions and surface soil water contents resulted in variability of the volatilization losses over the years studied. The peak volatilization losses for each year occurred during the first 24 h after application with a maximum flux rate in 2001 (1500 ng m(-2) s(-1)) associated with wet surface soil conditions combined with warm temperatures. The cumulative volatilization losses for the 120-hour period following metolachlor application varied over the years from 5 to 25% of the applied active ingredient, with approximately 87% of the losses occurring during the first 72 h. In all of the years studied, volatilization occurred diurnally and accounted for between 43 and 86% during the day and 14 and 57% during the night of the total measured loss. The results suggest that metolachlor volatilization is influenced by multiple factors involving meteorological, surface soil, and chemical factors. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM prueger@nstl.gov NR 46 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 14 BP 5219 EP 5226 DI 10.1021/es048341q PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945XL UT WOS:000230536200019 PM 16082950 ER PT J AU Zuerner, RL Trueba, GA AF Zuerner, RL Trueba, GA TI Characterization of IS1501 mutants of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE spirochete; insertion sequence; transposition ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; DIFFERENTIATION; HETEROGENEITY; HEBDOMADIS; CONVERSION; GROWTH; GENOME AB Leptospira interrogans is a diverse species in which individual serovars have distinctive restriction fragment length polymorphisms that are useful in strain identification. Many of these polymorphisms can be detected using hybridization probes derived from insertion sequences; an observation that suggests these IS elements are active and can transpose in L. interrogans. Two spontaneous mutants of L. interrogans serovar Pomona strain RZ11 were isolated by immune selection and characterized. Changes in the size and antigenicity of LPS from these mutants were detected. Genetic analysis showed that both mutants have additional copies of an IS3-like element, designated IS1501, that are not present in the parental strain. One mutant, GT211, has a single additional copy of IS1501, whereas the other mutant, GT210 has three additional copies of IS1501 relative to strain RZ11 IS1501 transposition generated 3-bp direct repeats from target sequences flanking the insertion site. RT-PCR analysis of transcripts at altered loci showed IS1501 transcripts extended into adjacent sequences. These data are the first to show spontaneous transposition of an endogenous Leptospira insertion sequence, and suggest that IS1501 may be capable of gene activation. (c) 2005 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Natl Reference Ctr Leptospirosis, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr,ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Zuerner, RL (reprint author), USDA, Natl Reference Ctr Leptospirosis, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr,ARS, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rzuerner@nadc.ars.usda.gov OI Trueba, Gabriel/0000-0003-2617-9021 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 248 IS 2 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.05.039 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 947HY UT WOS:000230635200010 PM 15979822 ER PT J AU Love, JW Taylor, CM Warren, ML AF Love, JW Taylor, CM Warren, ML TI Predator density and dissolved oxygen affect body condition of Stenonema tripunctatum (Epnemeroptera, Heptageniidae) from intermittent streams SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; mayfly; predation threat; Ouachita Mountains; Arkansas ID MAYFLY NYMPHS; GROWTH; RISK; FISH; MACROINVERTEBRATES; TEMPERATURE; CONSUMPTION; FECUNDITY; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL AB The effects of population density, fish density, and dissolved oxygen on body condition of late-instar nymphs of Stenonema tripunctatum (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) were investigated using nymphs sampled from isolated, upland stream pools over summer in central Arkansas, USA. All three factors exhibited high variation among pools. Body condition was negatively related to fish density, and positively related to dissolved oxygen (when included in the model). High fish densities may be related to low body condition because they cause reduced foraging or force earlier emergence at small body sizes. These results emphasize the combined effects of biotic and abiotic factors on body condition in mayflies, and support earlier findings that population density is a less-important factor. C1 Univ Maryland, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forest Hydrol Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Love, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM jlove@umes.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 543 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s10750-004-6948-7 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 965NW UT WOS:000231958400009 ER PT J AU Smith, AMS Wooster, MJ Drake, NA Dipotso, FM Falkowski, MJ Hudak, AT AF Smith, AMS Wooster, MJ Drake, NA Dipotso, FM Falkowski, MJ Hudak, AT TI Testing the potential of multi-spectral remote sensing for retrospectively estimating fire severity in African Savannahs SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE fire severity; Savannah; surface reflectance; char; nitrogen; carbon; burn severity index; linear and non-linear spectral unmixing; elemental emission factor ID KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; BURN SCAR DETECTION; PYROGENIC EMISSIONS; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; RADIATIVE ENERGY; SOUTH-AFRICA; TRACE GASES; BIOMASS; COMBUSTION; MIXTURES AB The remote sensing of fire severity is a noted goal in studies of forest and grassland wildfires. Experiments were conducted to discover and evaluate potential relationships between the characteristics of African savannah fires and post-fire surface spectral reflectance in the visible to shortwave infrared spectral region. Nine instrumented experimental fires were conducted in semi-arid woodland savannah of Chobe National Park (Botswana), where fire temperature (T-max) and duration (dt) were recorded using thermocouples positioned at different heights and locations. These variables, along with measures of fireline intensity (FLI), integrated temperature with time (T-sum) and biomass (and carbon/nitrogen) volatilised were compared to post-fire surface spectral reflectance. Statistically significant relationships were observed between (i) the fireline intensity and total nitrogen volatilised (r(2) =0.54, n=36, p<0.001), (ii) integrated temperature (Tsum-mu) and total biomass combusted (r(2) = 0.72, n = 32, p < 0.001), and (iii) fire duration as measured at the top-of-grass sward thermocouple (dt(T)) and total biomass combusted (r(2) = 0.74, n = 34, p < 0.001) and total nitrogen volatilised (r(2) = 0.73, n = 34, P < 0.001). The post-fire surface spectral reflectance was found to be related to dt and T,,. via a quadratic relationship that varied with wavelength. The use of visible and shortwave infrared band ratios produced statistically significant linear relationships with fire duration as measured by the top thermocouple (dt(T)) (r(2) = 0.76, n = 34, p < 0.001) and the mean of T-sum (r(2) = 0.82, n = 34, p < 0.001). The results identify fire duration as a versatile measure that relates directly to the fire severity, and also illustrate the potential of spectrally-based fire severity measures. However, the results also point to difficulties when applying such spectrally-based techniques to Earth Observation satellite imagery, due to the small-scale variability noted on the ground. Results also indicate the potential for surface spectral reflectance to increase following higher severity fires, due to the laying down of high albedo, white mineral ash. Most current techniques for mapping burned area rely on the general assumption that surface albedo decreases following a fire, and so if the image spatial resolution was high enough such methods may fail. Determination of the effect of spatial resolution on a sensor's ability to detect white ash was investigated using a validated optical mixture modelling approach. The most appropriate mixing model to use (linear or non-linear) was assessed using laboratory experiments. A linear mixing model was shown most appropriate, with results suggesting that sensors having spatial resolutions significantly higher than those of Landsat ETM+ will be required if patches of white ash are to be used to provide EO-derived information on the spatial variation of fire severity. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England. Dept Wildlife & Natl Pk, Div Res, Kasane, Botswana. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Smith, AMS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM alistair@uidaho.edu RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014 OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958 NR 73 TC 85 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 BP 92 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.014 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 955DE UT WOS:000231204600008 ER PT J AU Gauss, CBL Dubey, JP Vidal, D Ruiz, F Vicente, J Marco, I Lavin, S Gortazar, C Almeria, S AF Gauss, CBL Dubey, JP Vidal, D Ruiz, F Vicente, J Marco, I Lavin, S Gortazar, C Almeria, S TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from Spain SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; wild boars; Sus scrofa; modified agglutination test; Spain ID SEROLOGIC SURVEY; SWINE FARMS; BOAR; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; ISLAND; SPECIFICITY; CALIFORNIA; ILLINOIS AB Sera collected from 507 hunter-killed wild pigs (Sus scrofa) between 1993 and 2004 from five geographic regions in northern Spain and seven regions in southern Spain were assayed for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T gondii were detected in 185 (38.4%) of 507 pigs with titers of 1:25 in 71, 1:50 in 111 and >= 1:500 in 3; seroprevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in pigs from southern regions. Seroprevalence was density dependent; it was higher in pigs from high stocking per hectare and availability of forage. Statistically significant differences were not observed between T gondii seroprevalence and hunting estates (open versus fenced), sex or age. Serological results indicate a widespread exposure to T gondii among Spanish wild boars, suggesting that this population could represent a public health risk for persons that handle or consume raw or undercooked infected wild pig meat. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Anat & Anim Hlth Dept, Sch Vet, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. UCLM, JCCM, CSIC, IREC,Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Wildlife Ecopathol Serv, Anim Med & Surg Dept, Sch Vet, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, CReSA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Gortazar, Christian/E-7918-2012; Vicente, Joaquin/K-7822-2013; Vidal, M Dolors/K-2192-2012; Ruiz-Fons, Francisco/K-3161-2014; Lavin, Santiago/L-5975-2014; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014 OI Gortazar, Christian/0000-0003-0012-4006; Vicente, Joaquin/0000-0001-8416-3672; Vidal, M Dolors/0000-0002-8671-6960; Ruiz-Fons, Francisco/0000-0002-0820-5292; Lavin, Santiago/0000-0001-5655-588X; Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488 NR 31 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.023 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 942KY UT WOS:000230282500020 PM 15927398 ER PT J AU Evans, GA Dessart, P Glenn, H AF Evans, GA Dessart, P Glenn, H TI Two new species of Aphanogmus (Hymenoptera : Ceraphronidae) of economic importance reared from Cybocephalus nipponicus (Coleoptera : Cybocephalidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Ceraphronidae; new species; Cybocephalus; biological control ID NITIDULIDAE AB Two new species, Aphanogmus albicoxalis and Aphanogmus inamicus are described and illustrated from specimens reared from Cybocephalus nipponicus, a cybocephalid beetle that feeds upon Aulacaspis yasumatsui, a newly introduced pest of cycads in Florida. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, BARC,WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Royal Sci Nat Belgique, Dept Entomol, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Evans, GA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, BARC,WEST, Bldg 005, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Gregory.A.Evans@usda.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 15 PY 2005 IS 1018 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 945HB UT WOS:000230492500003 ER PT J AU Wang, J Wang, X Chen, F Wan, PJ He, GQ Li, ZG AF Wang, J Wang, X Chen, F Wan, PJ He, GQ Li, ZG TI Development of competitive direct ELISA for gossypol analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gossypol; monoclonal antibody; purification; immunoassay; ELISA ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; DIPSTICK IMMUNOASSAY FORMAT; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ATRAZINE; PRODUCTS; ANILINE AB Anti-gossypol monoclonal antibody was purified from cell culturing supernatant by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Protein A AffinityPak. The antigen (i.e., gossypol) was labeled with horseradish peroxidase through Schiff-base formation. Both the purified antibody and the enzyme-labeled gossypol were employed to develop a competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cdELISA) for gossypol analysis. 150 value, the concentration of gossypol causing 50% inhibition of the maximum ELISA signal in the competitive standard curve, was 0.067 mu g/mL, whereas the detection limit for gossypol was 0.005 mu g/mL. We also observed a good correlation (R-2 = 0.96, P < 0.05) between the cdELISA method and the AOCS official method for "free" gossypol (extractable gossypol and gossypol derivatives by 70% acetone) analysis of cottonseed meals. This indicates that the newly developed cdELISA could be a valuable and feasible alternative for determination of "free" gossypol, especially when the available sample is limited with relatively low gossypol concentration. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Genet Biochem & Life Sci Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. So Yangtze Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Wuxi 214036, Peoples R China. Zhejiang Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Hangzhou 310029, Peoples R China. RP Clemson Univ, Dept Genet Biochem & Life Sci Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM xiw@clemson.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 14 BP 5513 EP 5517 DI 10.1021/jf050203c PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 943MD UT WOS:000230357200005 PM 15998107 ER PT J AU Hintze, KJ Wald, K Finley, JW AF Hintze, KJ Wald, K Finley, JW TI Phytochemicals in broccoli transcriptionally induce thioredoxin reductase SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE quinone; reductase; antioxidant response element; selenium; sulforaphane ID HIGH-SELENIUM BROCCOLI; QUINONE REDUCTASE; NAD(P)H-QUINONE REDUCTASE; CANCER PREVENTION; FERULIC ACID; CELL-CULTURE; COLON-CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS; ENZYMES; SULFORAPHANE AB Previous studies have demonstrated transcriptional induction of thioredoxin reductase (TR) by sulforaphane (SF) purified from broccoli; the mechanism of induction is via an antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter region of the gene. The purpose of the present study was to further characterize the induction of TR by compounds in broccoli and to determine if SF is the primary compound responsible for this induction. Aqueous extracts were made from broccoli with low or high concentrations of selenium (Se) and/or SF and tested in a TR/luciferase reporter gene system in cultured cells. Phenolic acids commonly found in broccoli (sinapic, caffeic, ferulic, and protocatechuic) and ascorbic acid were also tested. At SF concentrations of <= 2 mu M, broccoli extracts and purified SF activated transcription equally well, but 4 mu M SF in broccoli extracts resulted in almost twice as much induction as 4 mu M purified SF (P < 0.05). All broccoli extracts significantly increased TR and quinone reductase activity relative to controls (P < 0.05), but only extracts highest in Se increased glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.05). No phenolic acids tested induced transcription, but ascorbic acid resulted in modest dose-dependent induction between 0 and 120 mu M (P < 0.001). These data suggest that SF accounts for most of the ARE-activated transcriptional induction of antioxidant genes by broccoli. C1 USDA ARS, GRHNRC, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, GRHNRC, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jfinley@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov RI Hintze, Korry/A-7079-2008; Hintze, Korry/E-4619-2011; OI Hintze, Korry/0000-0003-0135-0478 NR 48 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 14 BP 5535 EP 5540 DI 10.1021/jf0580059 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 943MD UT WOS:000230357200008 PM 15998110 ER PT J AU Shin, MS Lee, S Lee, KY Lee, HG AF Shin, MS Lee, S Lee, KY Lee, HG TI Structural and biological characterization of aminated-derivatized oat beta-glucan SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE beta-glucan derivative; reductive amination; bile acid; antimicrobial activity; ACE (anglotensin-converting enzyme); nitric oxide ID IN-VITRO BINDING; BILE-ACIDS; CONVERTING-ENZYME; NITRIC-OXIDE; BARLEY; GUM; POLYSACCHARIDE; CHOLESTEROL; BRAN; RAT AB beta-Glucan extracted from oats was subjected to reductive amination, producing a cationic beta-glucan derivative of which physiological properties were characterized. The degree of substitution was obtained from elemental analysis, which was 0.48. In addition, the distribution of amino groups in the beta-glucan derivative was investigated by FT-IR analysis. In vitro bile acid binding capacity of the aminated beta-glucan was examined, showing significantly higher bile acid binding activity than native beta-glucan. Moreover, the beta-glucan derivative showed pronounced antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibition activities which were dependent on its concentration. Furthermore, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) experiments demonstrated that the beta-glucan derivative stimulated the synthesis of nitric oxide. The improved functionalities of the derivative could be explained by its polycationic characteristics. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 133791, South Korea. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lee, HG (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, 17 Haengdang Dong, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM hyeonlee@hanyang.ac.kr NR 35 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 14 BP 5554 EP 5558 DI 10.1021/jf050273j PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 943MD UT WOS:000230357200011 PM 15998113 ER PT J AU Prom, LK Waniska, RD Kollo, AI Rooney, WL Bejosano, FP AF Prom, LK Waniska, RD Kollo, AI Rooney, WL Bejosano, FP TI Role of chitinase and sormatin accumulation in the resistance of sorghum cultivars to grain mold SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium thapsinum; Curvularia lunata; antifungal proteins ID ANTIFUNGAL PROTEINS; FUSARIUM-THAPSINUM AB Experiments were conducted to determine the association between resistance to grain mold and the accumulations of chitinase and sormatin. Eight sorghum lines were treated at 50% bloom with Fusarium thapsinum, Curvularia lunata, a mixture of the two fungi, and a water-sprayed control. At maturity, percent disease severity, seed germination rates, and kernel weight were recorded. Chitinase and sormatin content (mg/g of dry weight) were measured in seed samples taken at 30 and 50 days after treatment (DAT). Seed chitinase content was moderately affected by sorghum line (P = 0.10) and significantly affected by the developmental stage of the kernels (P = 0.05). Cultivars Sureno, 981LB650, and 98LB723 exhibited larger negative changes in chitinase content at 50 DAT over water-sprayed control treatment at 30 DAT than the susceptible cultivars Dorado, RTx2536, and RTx430. In 2000, significant negative correlations were observed for percent disease severity and chitinase content at 30 DAT, seed germination and sormatin content at 50 DAT, and between seed germination and kernel weight. There also was a significant positive correlation between germination and chitinase content at 30 DAT. No association between disease severity and changes in chitinase content at 50 DAT was observed. Sormatin content also was significantly affected by the stage of kernel development. Sorghum cultivars inoculated with fungal pathogens responded differently as indicated by the significant sorghum line x treatment interaction for sormatin content in 2000. In both years, larger increases in sormatin content over the water-sprayed control treatments were observed on moderately susceptible to susceptible cultivars such as 98LB650, 98LB723, 98LB789, RTx430, and RTx2536 than on Sureno. Except for percent disease severity and germination, there was no significant association among all of the other parameters measured in 2001. The results of this study did not clearly demonstrate a strong association between resistance to grain mold and the accumulation of sormatin and chitinase. Thus, there is the possibility that certain moderately resistant to resistant sorghum cultivars, such as Sureno, may employ other strategies to eschew or restrict fungal invasion either before or after physiological maturity. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. INRAN, Natl Agr Res Inst, Niamey, Niger. RP Prom, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM lprom@cgru.usda.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 14 BP 5565 EP 5570 DI 10.1021/jf050367t PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 943MD UT WOS:000230357200013 PM 15998115 ER PT J AU Park, S Kang, TS Kim, CK Han, JS Kim, S Smith, RH Pike, LM Hirschi, KD AF Park, S Kang, TS Kim, CK Han, JS Kim, S Smith, RH Pike, LM Hirschi, KD TI Genetic manipulation for enhancing calcium content in potato tuber SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; calcium; nutrition; potato; H+/Ca2+ transporter ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; BEAN CULTIVARS; CAX1; TOBACCO; YIELD; SHOOT; DIET AB Increased calcium (Ca) in potatoes may increase the production rate by enhancing tuber quality and storability. Additionally, increased Ca levels in important agricultural crops may help ameliorate the incidence of osteoporosis. However, the capacity to alter Ca levels in potato tubers through genetic manipulations has not been previously addressed. Here we demonstrate that potato tubers expressing the Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ transporter sCAX1 (N-terminal autoinhibitory domain truncated version of CAtion eXchanger 1) contain up to 3-fold more Ca than wild-type tubers. The increased Ca appears to be distributed throughout the tuber. The sCAX1-expressing potatoes have normally undergone the tuber/plant/tuber cycle for three generations; the trait appeared stable through successive generations. The expression of sCAX1 does not appear to alter potato growth and development. Furthermore, increased Ca levels in sCAX1-expressing tubers do not appear to alter tuber morphology or yield. Given the preponderance of potato consumption worldwide, these transgenic plants may be a means of marginally increasing Ca intake levels in the population. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempts to use biotechnology to increase the Ca content of potatoes. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Yonam Coll Agr, Dept Biotechnol, Chungnam 330802, South Korea. Sangju Natl Univ, Dept Hort, Sangju 742711, South Korea. Natl Hort Res Inst, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon 441440, South Korea. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Human Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [1R01 DK 062366] NR 31 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 14 BP 5598 EP 5603 DI 10.1021/jf050531c PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 943MD UT WOS:000230357200019 PM 15998121 ER PT J AU Al-Wahsh, IA Horner, HT Palmer, RG Reddy, MB Massey, LK AF Al-Wahsh, IA Horner, HT Palmer, RG Reddy, MB Massey, LK TI Oxalate and phytate of soy foods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE calcium; kidney stones; oxalate; phytate; soy foods ID CALCIUM-OXALATE; PHYTIC ACID; STONE FORMERS; ABSORPTION; EXCRETION; TISSUES AB The consumption of foods made from soybeans is increasing because of their desirable nutritional value. However, some soy foods contain high concentrations of oxalate and/or phytate. Oxalate is a component of calcium oxalate kidney stones, whereas phytate is an inhibitor of calcium kidney stone formation. Thirty tested commercial soy foods exhibited ranges of 0.02-2.06 mg oxalate/g and 0.80-18.79 mg phytate/g. Commercial soy foods contained 2-58 mg of total oxalate per serving and 76-528 mg phytate per serving. Eighteen of 19 tofu brands and two soymilk brands contained less than 10 mg oxalate per serving, defined as a low oxalate food. Soy flour, textured vegetable soy protein, vegetable soybeans, soy nuts, tempeh, and soynut buffer exhibited greater than 10 mg per serving. The correlation between oxalate and phytate in the soy foods was significant (r = 0,71, P < 0.001) indicating that oxalate-rich soy foods also contain higher concentrations of phytate. There also was a significant correlation, based on molar basis, between the divalent ion binding potential of oxalate plus phytate and calcium plus magnesium (r = 0,90, P, 0.001) in soy foods, Soy foods containing small concentrations of oxalate and moderate concentrations of phytate may be advantageous for kidney stone patients or persons with a high risk of kidney stones. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Massey, LK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. EM massey@wsu.edu NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 14 BP 5670 EP 5674 DI 10.1021/jf0506378 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 943MD UT WOS:000230357200029 PM 15998131 ER PT J AU Fukushige, H Wang, CX Simpson, TD Gardner, HW Hildebrand, DF AF Fukushige, H Wang, CX Simpson, TD Gardner, HW Hildebrand, DF TI Purification and identification of linoleic acid hydroperoxides generated by soybean seed lipoxygenases 2 and 3 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lipoxygenase; linoleic acid hydroperoxide; autoxidation; soybean; Glycine max ID PLANT LIPOXYGENASES; OXYGENATION; ISOZYMES; PATHWAY AB It has been known that lipoxygenase (LOX) isozymes exhibit differences in product formation, but most product information to date is for LOX 1 among soybean (Glycine max) LOX isozymes. In this study, LOXs 2 and 3 were purified and used to generate hydroperoxide (HPOD) products in an in vitro system using linoleic acid as a substrate in the presence of either air or O-2. The products were analyzed to determine their stereoisomeric characteristics. The control (no enzyme) showed only low levels of hydroperoxide production and no stereoisomeric specificity. LOX 2 shows high specificity in product formation, producing roughly 4 times more 13-HPOD than 9-HPOD, nearly all of which was 13-S(ZE)-HPOD. LOX 3 produced more 9-HPOD than 13-HPOD at approximately a 2:1 ratio. No single stereoisomer was predominant among LOX 3 products. These results demonstrate that different isozymes of LOX have characteristic product profiles in in vitro reactions. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hildebrand, DF (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dhild@uky.edu RI Fukushige, Hirotada/B-5926-2008 OI Fukushige, Hirotada/0000-0002-0801-9465 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 14 BP 5691 EP 5694 DI 10.1021/jf047958o PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 943MD UT WOS:000230357200032 PM 15998134 ER PT J AU Larkin, NK Harrison, DE AF Larkin, NK Harrison, DE TI On the definition of El Nino and associated seasonal average US weather anomalies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES; WARM AB A new NOAA definition of El Nino identifies a number of additional El Nino seasons beyond those conventionally agreed. These additional seasons are characterized by SST anomalies primarily in the western central equatorial Pacific. We show here that the seasonal weather anomalies over the U. S. associated with these additional Dateline El Nino seasons are substantially different from those associated with conventional El Nino seasons. Although some regions have similar associated anomalies, most of the major regional anomalies are quite different. Treating the two as a single phenomenon yields weaker overall seasonal weather associations and does not take advantage of the stronger associations available when the two are treated separately. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Larkin, NK (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM larkin@fs.fed.us RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 NR 13 TC 79 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 13 AR L13705 DI 10.1029/2005GL022738 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 950BR UT WOS:000230833100005 ER PT J AU Sun, G McNulty, SG Lu, J Amatya, DM Liang, Y Kolka, RK AF Sun, G McNulty, SG Lu, J Amatya, DM Liang, Y Kolka, RK TI Regional annual water yield from forest lands and its response to potential deforestation across the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; forest hydrology; hydrologic modeling; water yield; deforestation; climate change ID VEGETATION CHANGES; HYDROLOGY; CATCHMENT; PINE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MANAGEMENT; BALANCE; SCALE; US AB Regional water yield at a meso-scale can be estimated as the difference between precipitation input and evapotranspiration output. Forest water yield from the southeastern US varies greatly both in space and time. Because of the hot climate and high evapotranspiration, less than half of the annual precipitation that falls on forest lands is available for stream flow in this water-rich region. Water yield is highest in the mountainous regions that receive the highest precipitation and have the lowest air temperature, and the lowest in the coastal regions that are dominated by wetlands receiving moderate rainfall but high evapotranspiration. Water resource management for both floods and droughts demands an accurate estimation of water yield from forests. Projected climate and land use changes further increase the variability of water yield in the region. The objectives of this study were to (1) develop a simple annual water yield modeling procedure by testing and calibrating a generalized global evapotranspiration model, (2) to apply the validated model to estimate regional forest water yield and to predict potential water yield response to forest removal. Hydrologic databases at a watershed-scale and a regional-scale were developed for model development, calibration, and validation. We applied the water yield model to the southern region by integrating land cover and high resolution climate databases by using a Geographic Information System (GlS). The model developed in this paper can be used to examine the spatial and temporal variability for water yield and predict the effects of climate and land cover changes at the regional scale. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, So Global Change Program, USDA, US Forest Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetland Res, USDA, Charleston, SC USA. WRIME Inc, Sacramento, CA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, So Global Change Program, USDA, US Forest Serv, 920 Main Campus Dr,Venture 2,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM ge_sun@ncsu.edu NR 26 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 12 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 1-4 BP 258 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.021 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 938HW UT WOS:000229991500016 ER PT J AU Williams, L Carles, CC Osmont, KS Fletcher, JC AF Williams, L Carles, CC Osmont, KS Fletcher, JC TI A database analysis method identifies an endogenous trans-acting short-interfering RNA that targets the Arabidopsis ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4 genes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE auxin response factor; microRNA ID COMPUTATIONAL IDENTIFICATION; MICRORNA GENES; ORYZA-SATIVA; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PLANT MICRORNAS; FAMILY-MEMBERS; THALIANA; MIRNA; BIOGENESIS; PREDICTION AB Two classes of small RNAs, microRNAs and short-interfering RNA (siRNAs), have been extensively studied in plants and animals. In Arabidopsis, the capacity to uncover previously uncharacterized small RNAs by means of conventional strategies seems to be reaching its limits. To discover new plant small RNAs, we developed a protocol to mine an Arabidopsis nonannotated, noncoding EST database. Using this approach, we identified an endogenous small RNA, trans-acting short-interfering RNA-auxin response factor (tasiR-ARF), that shares a 21- and 22-nt region of sequence similarity with members of the ARF gene family. tasiR-ARF has characteristics of both short-interfering RNA and microRNA, recently defined as tasiRNA. Accumulation of trans-acting siRNA depends on DICER-LIKE1 and RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6 but not RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE2. We demonstrate that tasiR-ARF targets three ARF genes, ARF2, ARF3/ETT, and ARF4, and that both the tasiR-ARF precursor and its target genes are evolutionarily conserved. The identification of tasiRNA-ARF as a low-abundance, previously uncharacterized small RNA species proves our method to be a useful tool to uncover additional small regulatory RNAs. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fletcher@nature.berkeley.edu NR 46 TC 148 Z9 169 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 5 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 27 BP 9703 EP 9708 DI 10.1073/pnas.0504029102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 944DN UT WOS:000230406000047 PM 15980147 ER PT J AU Pacheco, JM Brum, MCS Moraes, MP Golde, WT Grubman, MJ AF Pacheco, JM Brum, MCS Moraes, MP Golde, WT Grubman, MJ TI Rapid protection of cattle from direct challenge with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) by a single inoculation with an adenovirus-vectored FMDV subunit vaccine SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE foot-and-mouth disease virus; replication-defective human adenovirus; subunit vaccine ID EXPRESSING CAPSID PROTEINS; OUTBREAK; SWINE; CANDIDATE; LESSONS; TYPE-5; ALPHA AB We have previously demonstrated that swine vaccinated with one dose of a replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector containing the capsid and 3C proteinase coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) were protected when challenged 7 days later with homologous virus. In the current study, we have extended this approach to cattle, the most economically important animals susceptible to FMD, Five cattle were vaccinated with the Ad5-FMDV subunit vaccine and these animals and 2 co-housed control animals were challenged intradermolingually 7 days later. Both control animals developed typical signs of FMD including fever and vesicular lesions on all 4 feet. All 5 vaccinated animals were protected against disseminated disease. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, PIADC Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area,POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM mgrubman@piadc.ars.usda.gov OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201 NR 25 TC 80 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 5 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 2 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.014 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 940PB UT WOS:000230155300001 PM 15893355 ER PT J AU Momany, FA Appell, M Willett, JL Bosma, WB AF Momany, FA Appell, M Willett, JL Bosma, WB TI B3LYP/6-311++G** geometry-optimization study of pentahydrates of alpha- and beta-d-glucopyranose SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE B3LYP/6-311++G**; glucose; pentahydrates; relative free energy; entropy; hydrogen bonds ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; EMPIRICAL FORCE-FIELD; AB-INITIO; RELATIVE STABILITY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GAS-PHASE; D-GLUCOSE; ROTATIONAL CONFORMERS; DFT/AB INITIO; CHAIR FORMS AB Five water molecules were placed in 37 different configurations around alpha- and beta-D-glucopyranose in the gt, gg, and tg conformational states, and the glucose-water complexes were geometry optimized using density functionals at the B3LYP/6311 ++G** level of theory. The five water molecules were organized in space and energy minimized using an empirical potential, AMB02C, and then further geometry optimized using DFT algorithms to minimum energy positions. Electronic energy, zero point vibrational energy, enthalpy, entropy, stress energy on glucose and the water cluster, hydrogen-bond energy, and relative free energy were obtained for each configuration using thermodynamic procedures and an analytical Hessian program. The lowest energy complex was that of a clustering of water molecules around the 1- and 6-bydroxyl positions of the beta-gt anomer. Configurations in which the water molecules created a favorable network completely around and under glucose were found to have low energy for both alpha and beta anomers. Calculation of the alpha/beta anomeric ratio using the zero point corrected energy gave, similar to 32/68%, highly favoring the 0 anomer in agreement with the experimental similar to 36/64% value. This ratio is better than the similar to 50/50% ratio found in our previous monohydrate study. An approximate hydroxymethyl population was obtained by noting average relative energies among the three conformational states, gt, gg, and tg. In the P anomer complexes the gt conformation was favored over the gg state, while in the alpha anomer complexes the gg state was favored over the gt conformation, with the tg conformations all being of higher energy making little or no contribution to the rotamer population. Some geometry variances, found between glucose in vacuo and glucose after interaction with water molecules, are described and account for some observed C-5-C-6 bond length anomalies reported by us previously for the vacuum glucose structures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM momanyfa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 33 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JUL 4 PY 2005 VL 340 IS 9 BP 1638 EP 1655 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2005.04.020 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 941JL UT WOS:000230211000010 PM 15925351 ER PT J AU Price, TJ Lamb, MC Wetzstein, ME AF Price, TJ Lamb, MC Wetzstein, ME TI Technology choice under changing peanut policies SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE marketing quotas; price supports; real option value; technology adoption ID IRREVERSIBLE INVESTMENT; CAPITAL-INVESTMENT; MARKETING QUOTAS; UNCERTAINTY; DECISIONS; INDUSTRY; YIELD AB The effect of marketing quotas and price supports on technology adoption are examined for peanut production in the southeastern United States using a real options model of investment with output price and yield uncertainty. The optimal choice of peanut production technology (dryland versus irrigated) in the southeast is shown to depend on price supports and how they change. The manner in which price supports change will have an effect on the choice and rates of abandonment or adoption of production technologies. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Virginia Dept Transportat, Management Serv Div, Richmond, VA USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Wetzstein, ME (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM MWetzstein@agecon.uga.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2005.00233.x PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 936KT UT WOS:000229854600002 ER PT J AU Key, N AF Key, N TI How much do farmers value their independence? SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE agricultural contracts; autonomy; nonpecuniary benefits; risk ID RISK-AVERSION AB A fanner's decision to contract or produce independently depends on the distribution of income and the nonpecuniary attributes associated with both business arrangements. The benefits to growers from contracting (such as risk reduction) may be overestimated if the nonpecuniary benefits enjoyed by independent producers (such as the right to make management decisions and own the commodity produced) are not accounted for. This study uses data from a U.S. national survey of hog producers to estimate (1) the difference in expected net returns between contracting and independent production, (2) the premium a representative farmer would pay for the risk reduction provided by a contract, and (3) the premium a farmer would pay for the nonpecuniary benefits associated with independent production. Results indicate that growers have a strong preference for autonomy-with moderately risk-averse growers being willing to pay more for the attributes of independent production than they would for the risk-reducing benefits of a contract. C1 ERS, USDA, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Key, N (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Resource Econ Div, Room N4161,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM nkey@ers.usda.gov NR 27 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2005.00339.x PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 936KT UT WOS:000229854600011 ER PT J AU Narrod, C AF Narrod, C TI Food regulation and trade-toward a safe and open global system SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, Off Chief Economist, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Narrod, C (reprint author), USDA, Off Chief Economist, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM cnarrod@oce.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 128 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2005.20050603_2.x PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 936KT UT WOS:000229854600013 ER PT J AU Kaul, M Hill, RL Walthall, C AF Kaul, M Hill, RL Walthall, C TI Artificial neural networks for corn and soybean yield prediction SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE artificial neural network; yield prediction models; soil fertility; multiple regression ID WATER-RETENTION; SOIL; MODELS; MAIZE AB The Maryland Water Quality Improvement Act of 1998 requires mandatory nutrient management planning on all agricultural land in Maryland. Nutrient management specialists need simple and accurate estimation techniques to relate crop yields and nutrient utilization in the planning process. The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate if artificial neural network (ANN) models could effectively predict Maryland corn and soybean yields for typical climatic conditions; (2) compare the prediction capabilities of models at state, regional, and local levels; (3) evaluate ANN model performance relative to variations of developmental parameters; and (4) compare the effectiveness of multiple linear regression models to ANN models. Models were developed using historical yield data at multiple locations throughout Maryland. Field-specific rainfall data and the USDA-NRCS Soil Rating for Plant Growth (SRPG) values were used for each location. SRPG and weekly rainfall means were necessary for effective corn and soybean yield predictions. Adjusting ANN parameters such as learning rate and number of hidden nodes affected the accuracy of crop yield predictions. Optimal learning rates fell between 0.77 and 0.90. Smaller data sets required fewer hidden nodes and lower learning rates in model optimization. ANN models consistently produced more accurate yield predictions than regression models. ANN corn yield models for Maryland resulted in r(2) and RMSEs of 0.77 and 1036 versus 0.42 and 1356 for linear regression, respectively. ANN soybean yield models for Maryland resulted in r(2) and RMSEs of 0.81 and 214 versus 0.46 and 312 for linear regression, respectively. Although more time consuming to develop than linear regression models, ANN models proved to be a superior methodology for accurately predicting corn and soybean yields under typical Maryland climatic conditions. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kaul, M (reprint author), US EPA, ARIEL RIOS Bldg,1200 Pennsylvania Ave,Mailcode 75, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM kaul.monisha@epamail.epa.gov NR 26 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 85 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.07.009 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 937UN UT WOS:000229951400001 ER PT J AU Stevens, WB Hoeft, RG Mulvaney, RL AF Stevens, WB Hoeft, RG Mulvaney, RL TI Fate of nitirogen-15 in a long-term nitrogen rate study: II. Nitrogen uptake efficiency SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-NITROGEN; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; IRRIGATED CORN; NITRATE; RECOVERY; TILLAGE; MINERALIZATION; MANAGEMENT; RESIDUES; SYSTEMS AB Increased fertilizer N uptake efficiency (FNUE) leads to more economical corn (Zea mays L.) production and lower environmental impact. Excessive N application reduces FNUE and may affect subsequent crop response through its influence on NO3-N carryover and the amount of readily mineralizable organic N in the soil. Our objective was to determine how prior fertilizer N application rate affects (i) grain yield and agronomic optimum N rate, (ii) contributions of fertilizer- and soil-derived N to N uptake, and (iii) FNUE. Labeled (NH4NO3)-N-15-N-15 was applied at 0, 67,134, 201, or 268 kg N ha(-1) to subplots within a continuous corn long-term N rate study. Estimates of FNUE were higher by the difference method (49-69%) than with the isotope (N-15) method (31-37%), and different trends were observed with each method as N application rate increased. The disparity between methods is consistent with a differential effect of long-term N application rate on mineralization-immobilization. Recovery of labeled N from the plant-soil system ranged from 71% at the 67 kg ha(-1) N application rate to 64% at the 201 kg ha(-1) application rate. Fertilizer N accounted for an increasing proportion of crop N uptake as the N rate was increased, but soil N uptake was always more extensive, accounting for 54 to 83% of total plant N. Crop uptake of labeled N during the second growing season after N-15 application ranged from 2.2 kg ha(-1) with the lowest N rate to 7.8 kg ha(-1) with the two highest rates. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dep Nat Resour & Environ Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Stevens, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM bstevens@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 58 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1046 EP 1053 DI 10.2134/agronj2003.0313 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 952XA UT WOS:000231038100002 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL Dinnes, DL Jaynes, DB Hurburgh, CR Cambardella, CA Colvin, TS Rippke, GR AF Karlen, DL Dinnes, DL Jaynes, DB Hurburgh, CR Cambardella, CA Colvin, TS Rippke, GR TI Corn response to late-spring nitrogen management in the Walnut Creek watershed SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; NITRATE TEST; CHLOROPHYLL METER; SOIL NITRATE; QUALITY; GROUNDWATER AB A 400-ha subbasin study within the Walnut Creek watershed near Ames, IA, confirmed that using late-spring soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) test (LSNT) fertilizer recommendations could significantly reduce NO3-N loss in drainage water, but detailed crop response was not reported. Herein we summarize corn (Zea mays L.) response to the LSNT program when implemented across the Clarion-Nicollet-Webster soil association. The LSNT was used to determine the recommended N fertilizer rate that was applied uniformly across each field except on check strips where zero or nonlimiting (> 220 kg N ha(-1)) sidedress N was applied. Leaf chlorophyll (SPAD) readings, end-of-season stalk nitrate concentrations, and grain yield and quality (protein, starch, and oil content) showed significant year, field, soil map unit and N rate response. Average grain yield with the LSNT program was significantly lower than the nonlimiting rate in 1997 and 1998 but not in 1999 or 2000. This suggests that although watershed-scale implementation of the LSNT can reduce nitrate loss through drainage water, it may also increase producer risk, especially when above-normal rainfall occurs shortly after the sidedress N fertilizer is applied. To encourage adoption of the LSNT program for its water quality benefits, we suggest that federal, state, or private agencies develop affordable risk insurance or some other financial incentives to help producers minimize the potential crop risk associated with this program. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dinnes, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM karlen@nstl.gov RI Dinnes, Dana/A-7793-2009 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1054 EP 1061 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0259 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 952XA UT WOS:000231038100003 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS McWilliams, DA AF Sharratt, BS McWilliams, DA TI Microclimatic and rooting characteristics of narrow-row versus conventional-row corn SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-YIELD; RADIATION INTERCEPTION; PLANT-POPULATION; WATER-USE; GROWTH; TILLAGE; DENSITY; WIDTH; BELT; SOIL AB Narrow-row corn (Zea mays L.) has been advocated in recent years for bolstering production, but previous studies have failed to elucidate the complexity of factors that promote the production of corn sown in narrow rows. This study was undertaken to identify those agronomic and microclimatic factors that influence grain yield of corn grown in narrow and wide conventional rows. A split plot experimental design was established near Morris, MN, in 1998 and 1999 with row spacing (0.38, 0.57, and 0.76 m) as the main treatment and corn hybrid (Pioneer 3893 and DeKalb 417) as the secondary treatment. Root length density, crop water use, interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil temperature, and soil evaporation were measured in each row-spacing treatment during the growing season. Grain yield and water use of narrow-row corn equaled, or even exceeded, that of wide, conventional-row corn. Narrow-row corn had a more uniform root distribution and intercepted 5 to 15% more PAR on clear days, the latter of which likely aided in suppressing soil temperatures and evaporation during vegetative growth compared with corn grown in conventional rows. The results of this study suggest that any yield advantage to growing corn in narrow rows may result from establishing a more uniform root and leaf distribution that aids in exploiting soil water and light resources and reducing soil temperatures and evaporation compared with corn grown in wide conventional rows. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conserv Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conserv Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM sharratt@wsu.edu NR 33 TC 34 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1129 EP 1135 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0292 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 952XA UT WOS:000231038100010 ER PT J AU Bruns, HA Abbas, HK AF Bruns, HA Abbas, HK TI Ultra-high plant populations and nitrogen fertility effects on corn in the Mississippi Valley SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; MAIZE HYBRIDS; UNITED-STATES; DENSITY; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; FUMONISIN; DATE; USA AB Populations for high yield and low mycotoxin levels in furrow-irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) have yet to be firmly established for the Midsouth USA. Preplant N applications compared with a split application and the effects on yield, yield components, and mycotoxin levels were also examined. Experiments were conducted at Site WR (102-cm-wide rows, Beulah fine sandy loam) and Site NR (76-cm-wide rows, Dundee silty clay). Plant densities of 71760, 82 160, 92 560, and 102 960 plants ha(-1) were grown in eight-row plots, 9.1 m long at both sites. The N fertility treatments were 112 kg N ha(-1) preplant, 224 kg N ha(-1) preplant, and 112 kg N ha(-1) preplant + 112 kg N ha(-1) side-dressed at V6 (six leaves). Yields at Site WR did not differ among populations. Maximum yields at Site NR were at 71760 plants ha(-1) (10.3 Mg ha(-1)) and then declined (b = -0.5065). Kernels per ear declined (b = -40.09 and b = -42.69), kernel weights declined (b = -0.4328 and b = -0.8172), and stalk lodging increased (b = 0.0103 and b = 0.0251) with increased populations for Sites WR and NR, respectively. These and previous data place the maximum population for corn in the Midsouth at about 70 000 plants ha(-1). No differences in yield occurred between the 224 kg N ha(-1) preplant treatment and the split application of N. Yields were generally less with 112 kg N ha(-1) per-plant only. Aflatoxin and fumonisin levels at both sites were unaffected by plant population of N fertility. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bruns, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM abruns@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1136 EP 1140 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0295 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 952XA UT WOS:000231038100011 ER PT J AU Buergler, AL Fike, JH Burger, JA Feldhake, CR McKenna, JA Teutsch, CD AF Buergler, AL Fike, JH Burger, JA Feldhake, CR McKenna, JA Teutsch, CD TI Botanical composition and forage production in an emulated silvopasture SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GROWTH AB Integrating trees into pasture may increase pasture production and improve nutritive value by altering both species composition and productivity. Our objective was to determine forage yield and botanical composition in response to tree species, tree density, and slope position in an emulated silvopasture (the site had no animals). In 1995, black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and honey locust (Gleditisia triacanthos L.) trees were planted within plots (r = 3) of predominantly tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pasture. Trees were planted down slopes in rows to create low, medium, and high tree densities at shoulder-, mid-, and toe-slope positions. Sampling sites (n = 54) under field treatment combinations were harvested May to October at 35-d intervals in 2002 and 2003. Before spring, summer, and fall harvests, plots were subsampled for botanical composition. Tree species did not affect botanical composition when compared over the two seasons. Plots under honey locust trees tended to have more fescue in a dry year (2002) and more legumes and less dead herbage in a wet year (2003). Greater percentages of warm-season grasses and fewer weeds were observed at low tree density sites in 2003. Forage mass (5280,6130, and 4970 kg ha(-1) at low, medium, and high tree densities) was 16% greater under medium-density trees. Plots under black walnut yielded 13% more forage than those under honey locust (5790 vs. 5130 kg ha(-1)). Appropriately spaced trees have potential to positively alter botanical composition and can support greater forage production in a southern Appalachian silvopasture. C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, ASFRC, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Virginia Tech, So Piedmont Agr Res & Ext Cent, Blackstone, VA 23824 USA. RP Fike, JH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jfike@vt.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1141 EP 1147 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0308 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 952XA UT WOS:000231038100012 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Sistani, KR Rowe, DE Adeli, A Tsegaye, T AF Tewolde, H Sistani, KR Rowe, DE Adeli, A Tsegaye, T TI Estimating cotton leaf area index nondestructively with a light sensor SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLANT CANOPY ANALYZER; NARROW-ROW; YIELD; GROWTH; CORN; ARCHITECTURE; POPULATION; CROP AB AccuPAR, which is a relatively new instrument for estimating leaf area index (LAI) by measuring light interception, has wide distribution but only limited independent evaluation of its accuracy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of AccuPAR for estimating LAI of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) planted on different row spacings. Cotton LAI was measured nondestructively with AccuPAR and destructively by taking plant samples three to four times during each growing season in 2002 and 2003 on research conducted at three locations in Mississippi, USA. The results suggested that meter accuracy was affected by differences between row spacing and the length of the light-sensing segment of the meter. Supplemental tests showed that meter accuracy improved with meter placement, which eliminated length differences and with near solar noon measurements, which minimized row-to-row shading overlap. We conclude that the meter can more accurately estimate row crop LAI when the under-canopy placement of the meter and the time of measurement are selected so that the light-sensing segment of the meter captures shading of an entire row cross-section and that row-to-row shading overlap is eliminated or minimized. C1 USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM htewolde@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1158 EP 1163 DI 10.2134/agronj2003.0112N PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 952XA UT WOS:000231038100015 ER PT J AU Ma, L Hoogenboom, G Ahuja, LR Nielsen, DC Ascough, JC AF Ma, L Hoogenboom, G Ahuja, LR Nielsen, DC Ascough, JC TI Development and evaluation of the RZWQM-CROPGRO hybrid model for soybean production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-BALANCE; SOIL; EVAPORATION; NITROGEN; GROWTH; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SIMULATION; PARAMETERS; SYSTEMS; MAIZE AB It is common for agricultural system modelers to enhance their models by learning from other models and incorporating the best state-of-the-science into their models. In this study, the CROPGRO plant growth model of Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT v3.5) was linked to the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to provide RZWQM users an option of using CROPGRO. In the hybrid model, RZWQM supplied CROPGRO with daily soil water and N, soil temperature, and potential evapotranspiration (PET), whereas CROPGRO supplied RZWQM with daily water and N uptake and plant growth variables. The RZWQM-CROPGRO hybrid model was then evaluated against the original CROPGRO-soybean model using several data sets from the literature. These data sets represented various drought conditions. Results showed that the RZWQM-CROPGRO hybrid model simulated higher water stress than the original DSSAT-CROPGRO model because of higher PET simulated by RZWQM, especially under semiarid climate conditions. Therefore, it was necessary to make some adjustments in the hybrid model under dry and windy conditions, e.g., using a different lower limit of plant available water as DSSAT. The hybrid model with a more detailed soil water balance calculation only affected soil water prediction at the top 60-cm soil profile where soil water was more dynamic. This study demonstrated a successful linkage between RZWQM and CROPGRO, and the RZWQM-CROPGRO hybrid model provides users with a tool to conduct detailed simulation of crop production in addition to addressing water quality concerns. This study also demonstrated that, when building models from various sources, compatibility of the interacting modules should be ensured. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, NRRC, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, No Plains Area, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, NRRC, 2150 Cent Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM liwang.ma@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009; Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183; Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537 NR 43 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1172 EP 1182 DI 10.2134/agronj2003.0314 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 952XA UT WOS:000231038100017 ER PT J AU Anapalli, SS Nielsen, DC Ma, LW Ahuja, LR Vigil, MF Halvorson, AD AF Anapalli, SS Nielsen, DC Ma, LW Ahuja, LR Vigil, MF Halvorson, AD TI Effectiveness of RZWQM for simulating alternative great plains cropping systems SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE; WATER-QUALITY; WINTER-WHEAT; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; YIELD; MODEL; CROPS; CORN AB The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is a comprehensive agricultural system model with the capacity to predict crop-environmental response to varying soil and crop management systems. Our objective was to evaluate RZWQM for its ability to simulate a 2-yr winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow (WIT) rotation and a more complex wheat-corn (Zea mays L.)-fallow (WCF) rotation under tilled and no-till (NT) conditions on a Weld silt loam soil in semi-and northeastern Colorado. Measured data from all phases of both rotations were compared with simulated values using root mean square error (RMSE) values to quantify the agreement. Soil water in different layers, total soil profile (180 cm) water contents, and grain yield were accurately predicted with RMSEs ranging between 0.055 and 0.061 m(3) m(-1), 4.6 and 7.1 cm, and 244 and 867 kg ha(-1), respectively. Leaf area index (LAI), evapotranspiration, and biomass predictions were less accurate with RMSEs between 0.7 and 1.6 cm(2), 5.5 and 9.7 cm, and 1027 and 2714 kg ha-1, respectively. Greater soil water and crop yield measured for NT compared with conventional tillage (CT) were simulated reasonably well. Predicted soil organic C was greater in the surface 0.10 m for NT compared with CT after 11 yr. Although the crop growth component of RZWQM needs improvement, especially with regard to LAI, we conclude the model has potential for simulating alternative crop rotations in the central Great Plains. One potential application for RZWQM in this region may be to predict viable cropping opportunities for evolving conservation programs such as the Conservation Security Program (CSP). C1 USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd,GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM David.Nielsen@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1183 EP 1193 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0019 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 952XA UT WOS:000231038100018 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Schweissing, FC Bartolo, ME Reule, CA AF Halvorson, AD Schweissing, FC Bartolo, ME Reule, CA TI Corn response to nitrogen fertilization in a soil with high residual nitrogen SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZERS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; FURROW IRRIGATION; YIELD; CROP; COLORADO; QUALITY; ALFALFA; ONION; GRAIN AB High levels of residual NO3-N are present in the soils of the Arkansas River Valley in Colorado where alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), grains, fruits, and vegetable crops are produced. This study evaluated the use of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) to reduce residual N levels in a furrow-irrigated, silty clay soil. Fertilizer N needed to maintain optimum corn yields following watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai], and its impacts on NO3-N leaching potential were also evaluated. Treatments evaluated from 2000 through 2003 included two N sources (urea and Polyon) and six fertilizer N rates. Corn grain yields were not significantly increased by N fertilization the first year following watermelon but increased with increasing residual soil NO3-N levels the second year without additional N fertilization and increased by N fertilization in the third and fourth years. Nitrogen source did not significantly affect corn grain yields, residual soil NO3-N, or N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE). Nitrogen use efficiency generally decreased with increasing level of available N. Average NFUE based on grain N removal over 4 yr was 55% at the lowest fertilizer N rate and 30% at the highest N rate. Excluding the first corn crop, grain yields and gross economic returns less N costs were maximized with about 265 and 258 kg ha(-1) of available N (soil plus fertilizer N), respectively. Soil residual NO3-N levels declined following the second, third, and fourth corn crops. Reducing N application rates (based on credits for residual soil NO3-N and previous crop) to the first corn crop produced in rotation with fruit or vegetable crops in the Arkansas River Valley will improve profitability and reduce root zone residual soil NO3-N levels and NO3-N leaching potential. Continuous corn production for 2 to 3 yr with conservative N fertilization rates can reduce residual soil NO3-N levels in the Arkansas River Valley. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Arkansas Valley Res Cent, Rocky Ford, CO 81067 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1222 EP 1229 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0279 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 952XA UT WOS:000231038100023 ER PT J AU Gehl, RJ Schmidt, JP Maddux, LD Gordon, WB AF Gehl, RJ Schmidt, JP Maddux, LD Gordon, WB TI Corn yield response to nitrogen rate and timing in sandy irrigated soils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITRATE; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS AB Efficient use of N fertilizer for corn (Zea mays L.) production is important for maximizing economic return and minimizing NO3 leaching to groundwater. The objective of this study was to evaluate grain yield response to irrigation rate and N rate and timing for irrigated corn in the sandy soils along major Kansas waterways. Nitrogen treatments included 300 and 250 kg N ha(-1) applied at planting; 250 kg N ha(-1) applied at planting (one-half) and sidedress (one-half); 185 kg N ha(-1) applied at planting (one-third) and sidedress (two-thirds); 125 kg N ha(-1) applied at planting (one-fifth) and sidedress (two-fifths, two-fifths); and 0 kg N ha(-1). Nitrogen treatments were duplicated at one site for each of two irrigation treatments (IS): 1.0x (optimal) and 1.25x (25% > optimal). A split application of 185 kg N ha(-1) was sufficient to achieve maximum corn yield at every location, and in most instances 125 kg N ha(-1) was sufficient. These rates were on average 88 kg N ha(-1) less than the current N recommendation for corn in Kansas, indicating that N rates could be reduced for these soils by an average of about 40% of the current N recommendation when N is split applied. The environmental risk associated with irrigated corn production on these sandy-textured soils, specifically, NO3 leaching to groundwater, will be minimized only when N fertilizer and irrigation inputs do not exceed crop requirements and N fertilizer is applied to more closely match crop demand (e.g., in-season applications). C1 USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Schmidt, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM john.schmidt@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1230 EP 1238 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0303 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 952XA UT WOS:000231038100024 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, WT Meredith, WR Young, LD AF Pettigrew, WT Meredith, WR Young, LD TI Potassium fertilization effects on cotton lint yield, yield components, and reniform nematode populations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEFICIENCY; CULTIVARS; MATURITY; QUALITY AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lint yields have not changed appreciably during the last decade. Because more and higher infestations of reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis) have been identified in mid-southern USA fields, this nematode might be a mitigating factor in the cotton yield stagnation. The objectives were to determine how varying rates of K fertilization interacted with different cotton genotypes to influence dry matter partitioning, lint yield, fiber quality, and reniform nematode populations. Nine cotton genotypes were grown in the field under two levels of K fertilization (0 and 112 kg K ha(-1)) and two levels of aldicarb [2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde 0-methyicarbamoyloxime] application (0 and 1.68 kg a.i. ha(-1)) from 1999 through 2001. Reniform nematode numbers and above-ground dry matter partitioning were determined at various times in the growing season. Lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality were determined at the end of the season. Cotton grown with K fertilization hosted a 12% larger post-harvest population of reniform nematode than the unfertilized control plants. Plants grown without K fertilization averaged a 10% greater specific leaf weight than the K fertilized plants. Of the 9 genotypes grown, only PayMaster 1218BR increased lint yield (10%) in response to K fertilization. An interaction between aldicarb application and K fertilization for lint yield during the 2000 growing season indicated that both reniform nematode parasitism and insufficient K fertilization may impose limitations to lint yield production. Large reinform nematode populations may be suppressing the yield response to K fertilization. Production practices that encourage robust plant growth may enhance proliferation of existing reniform nematode populations. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Pettigrew, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bpettigrew@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1245 EP 1251 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0321 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 952XA UT WOS:000231038100026 ER PT J AU Rinderer, TE de Guzman, L Danka, R AF Rinderer, TE de Guzman, L Danka, R TI A new phase begins for the USDA-ARS Russian Honey Bee Breeding Program SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FAR-EASTERN RUSSIA; MULTISTATE FIELD TRIALS; VARROA DESTRUCTOR; RESISTANCE; MITE C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Rinderer, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM Trinderer@ars.usda.gov; Ldeguzman@ars.usda.gov; RDanka@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 145 IS 7 BP 579 EP 582 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 940FJ UT WOS:000230128800014 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Curry, R AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Curry, R TI The population dynamics of Varroa mites in honey bee colonies: Part I - The VARROAPOP program SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB An essential element of all pest management strategies is an under standing of the biology and population dynamics of the pest and its host the management of varroa populations in honey bee colonies is no exception. C1 USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ USA. EM gd-hoffman@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 145 IS 7 BP 592 EP 595 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 940FJ UT WOS:000230128800017 ER PT J AU Erkkila, AT Herrington, DM Mozaffarian, D Lichtenstein, AH AF Erkkila, AT Herrington, DM Mozaffarian, D Lichtenstein, AH TI Cereal fiber and whole-grain intake are associated with reduced progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY FIBER; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK; HEALTH; FRUIT; CONSUMPTION; MEN AB Background Higher intake of fiber, especially cereal fiber, has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, there are limited data on the effect of fiber intake on measures of progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim was to examine the association between intakes of total fiber and fiber from different dietary sources and progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis among women with established CAD. Methods A prospective cohort study involved postmenopausal women (n = 229) participating in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial Usual fiber intake was estimated at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed at baseline and after 3.2 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SD) years to assess changes in mean minimum coronary artery diameter and mean percent stenosis. Results Compared to lower intakes, >3 g/41 84 kJ (1000 kcal),of cereal fiber or >6 servings of whole grains per week were associated with smaller decline in minimum coronary artery diameter (cereal,fiber: -0.09 +/- 0.02 vs -0.04 +/- 0.02 mm, P =.03; whole grains: -0.10 +/- 0.02 vs -0.06 +/- 0.02 mm, P =.04) after adjustments for age, cardiovascular risk factors, and dietary intakes of saturated and polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, and alcohol. Progression in percent stenosis tended to be less in women with higher intake of cereal fiber (P = .10) or whole-grain foods (P =.09), after similar adjustments. Intakes of total, fruit, and vegetable fiber, and number of servings of refined grain, fruits, or vegetables were not associated with progression. Conclusions Higher intakes of cereal fiber and whole-grain products are associated with less progression of coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with established CAD. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Kuopio, Dept Clin Nutr, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Internal Med Cardiol, Winston Salem, NC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM aria.erkkila@uku.fi; alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu RI Mozaffarian, Dariush/B-2276-2008 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR07122]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL49488] NR 31 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 150 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.08.013 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 969FS UT WOS:000232219900014 PM 16084154 ER PT J AU Hambidge, KM Krebs, NF Westcott, JL Sian, L Miller, LV Peterson, KL Raboy, V AF Hambidge, KM Krebs, NF Westcott, JL Sian, L Miller, LV Peterson, KL Raboy, V TI Absorption of calcium from tortilla meals prepared from low-phytate maize SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE maize; phytate; low-phytate maize alleles; tortillas; calcium absorption ID PHYTIC ACID MAIZE; NONFAT DRY MILK; MINERAL AVAILABILITY; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; ZINC-ABSORPTION; WHOLE WHEAT; RATS; BIOAVAILABILITY; BREAD; PHOSPHORUS AB Background: Calcium fortification of maize has been achieved for millennia in Central America by the process of nixtamalization. Bioavailability of calcium is, however, compromised by phytate, which is present in large quantities in maize kernels and is only modestly reduced by nixtamalization. Objective: The objective was to compare the absorption of calcium from tortilla meals prepared from low-phytate maize with that from meals prepared from maize with typical phytate content. Design: At 1-mo intervals, 5 healthy adult women were fed 2 test meals of approximate to 140 g tortillas in lieu of breakfast. On one occasion, the tortillas were prepared from maize with approximate to 60% phytate reduction, and, on the other occasion, they were prepared from the matching isohybrid wild-type maize. Beginning midway through the test meal, Ca-44 (0.3 mg/kg body wt) was administered in water as an extrinsic label; Ca-42 (0.06 mg/kg body wt) was administered intravenously immediately after the test meal. Isotope ratios of Ca-42 to Ca-43 and of Ca-44 to Ca-43 were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in urine collected as an 8-h pool from the period 16-24 h after intravenous tracer administration and prepared by the oxalate precipitation method. Fractional absorption of calcium was determined by using a dual-isotope ratio technique. Results: Mean fractional absorption of calcium from tortillas prepared from the low-phytate maize (0.50 +/- 0.03) was significantly (P = 0.003) greater than that from tortillas prepared from the control maize (0.35 +/- 0.07). C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sect Nutr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID USA. RP Hambidge, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sect Nutr, 4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM michael.hambidge@uchsc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [K24 RR018357]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01 HD040657, 5 U01 HD40657]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5P30 DK48520, K24 DK083772, P30 DK048520] NR 29 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 82 IS 1 BP 84 EP 87 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 945BC UT WOS:000230474400014 PM 16002804 ER PT J AU Donangelo, CM Zapata, CLV Woodhouse, LR Shames, DM Mukherjea, R King, JC AF Donangelo, CM Zapata, CLV Woodhouse, LR Shames, DM Mukherjea, R King, JC TI Zinc absorption and kinetics during pregnancy and lactation in Brazilian women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals (TEMA 11) CY JUN 02-06, 2002 CL BERKELEY, CA DE pregnancy; lactation; zinc absorption; zinc kinetics; stable isotopes; Brazilian women ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ZN-70; PRENATAL IRON; HEALTHY WOMEN; METABOLISM; HUMANS; HOMEOSTASIS; MODEL; RATS AB Background: Adjustments in zinc absorption and endogenous excretion maintain zinc homeostasis in nonpregnant adults fed low-zinc diets. The effects on zinc homeostasis of a low zinc intake during pregnancy and lactation have not been described in a longitudinal study. Objective: We examined longitudinal changes in fractional zinc absorption (FZA) and zinc kinetics in 10 healthy Brazilian women who habitually consumed a marginal zinc diet (approximate to 9 mg Zn/d). Design: Zinc status was measured at 10-12 (early pregnancy; EP) and 34-36 (late pregnancy; LP) wk of pregnancy and at 7-8 wk after delivery (early lactation; EQ. Zinc kinetics and FZA were studied by using stable isotopic tracers. Results: Zinc intake averaged 9 3 mg/d throughout the study. FZA increased from 29 +/- 6% at EP to 43 +/- 10% at LP and to 39 +/- 13 % at EL (P < 0.05). FZA was inversely related to plasma zinc at EL (r = -0.73, P = 0.02) and LP (r = -0.72, P = 0.07). Plasma zinc mass was 23% greater at LP than at EP or EL (P < 0.05). The amount of zinc (mg/d) that fluxed between plasma and the most-rapidly-turning-over extravascular pool was 53% greater at LP than at EP or EL (P < 0.05). The zinc flux between plasma and the less-rapidlyturning-over zinc pool at EL was 27% greater than that at EP or LP, but this difference was not significant. Conclusions: FZA increased significantly in women with marginal zinc intakes during pregnancy and lactation; the increase was higher in women with low plasma zinc. Plasma zinc was distributed into a different exchangeable pool at LP than at EL. C1 Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Atlantico, Barranquilla, Colombia. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP King, JC (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM jking@chori.org NR 32 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 82 IS 1 BP 118 EP 124 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 945BC UT WOS:000230474400019 PM 16002809 ER PT J AU Jensen, CL Voigt, RG Prager, TC Zou, YLL Fraley, JK Rozelle, JC Turcich, MR Llorente, AM Anderson, RE Heird, WC AF Jensen, CL Voigt, RG Prager, TC Zou, YLL Fraley, JK Rozelle, JC Turcich, MR Llorente, AM Anderson, RE Heird, WC TI Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake on visual function and neurodevelopment in breastfed term infants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation; infant visual function; infant neurodevelopmental indexes; fatty acid pattern of milk lipid; infant plasma phospholipid fatty acid pattern; Bayley Scales of Infant Development ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; HUMAN-MILK; IRON-DEFICIENCY; FISH-OIL; SUPPLEMENTATION; WOMEN; DIET; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; ERYTHROCYTES; LACTATION AB Background: Normal brain and visual development is thought to require exogenous docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) intake, but the amount needed is debatable. Because the supplementation of breastfeeding mothers with DHA increases the DHA content of their infants' plasma lipids, we hypothesized that it might also improve brain or visual function in the infants. Objective: The objective was to determine the effect of DHA supplementation of breastfeeding mothers on neurodevelopmental status and visual function in the recipient infant. Design: Breastfeeding women received capsules containing either a high-DHA algal oil (approximate to 200 mg DHA/d) or a vegetable oil (no DHA) for 4 mo after delivery. Outcome variables included the fatty acid pattern of maternal plasma phospholipid and milk lipids 4 mo postpartum, the fatty acid pattern of plasma phospholipids and visual function in infants at 4 and 8 mo of age, and neurodevelopmental indexes of the infants at 12 and 30 mo of age. Results: Milk lipid and infant plasma phospholipid DHA contents of the supplemented and control groups were approximate to 75 % and approximate to 35 % higher, respectively, at 4 mo postpartum. However, neither the neurodevelopmental indexes of the infants at 12 mo of age nor the visual function at 4 or 8 mo of age differed significantly between groups. In contrast, the Bayley Psychomotor Development Index, but not the Mental Development Index, of the supplemented group was higher (P < 0.01) at 30 mo of age. Conclusion: DHA supplementation of breastfeeding mothers results in higher infant plasma phospholipid DHA contents during supplementation and a higher Bayley Psychomotor Development Index at 30 mo of age but results in no other advantages either at or before this age. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Meyer Ctr Dev Pediat, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Hermann Eye Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dean A McGee Eye Inst, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Jensen, CL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Meyer Ctr Dev Pediat, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM cjensen@bcm.tmc.edu NR 40 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 82 IS 1 BP 125 EP 132 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 945BC UT WOS:000230474400020 PM 16002810 ER PT J AU Fung, TT McCullough, ML Newby, PK Manson, JE Meigs, JB Rifai, N Willett, WC Hu, FB AF Fung, TT McCullough, ML Newby, PK Manson, JE Meigs, JB Rifai, N Willett, WC Hu, FB TI Diet-quality scores and plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE diet; diet quality; inflammation; endothelial dysfunction; women ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; ADHESION MOLECULES; FATTY-ACIDS; WOMEN; RISK; INTERLEUKIN-6; QUESTIONNAIRE; POPULATIONS AB Background: Endothelial dysfunction is one of the mechanisms linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: We assessed the association between several diet-quality scores and plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Design: Diet-quality scores on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Diet Quality Index Revised (DQI-R), Recommended Food Score (RFS), and the alternate Mediterranean Diet Index (aMED) were calculated by using a food-frequency questionnaire that was administered in 1990 to 690 women in the Nurses' Health Study (ages 43-69 y, no cardiovascular disease or diabetes). Blood collection was completed in the same year. We used regression analysis to assess the associations between these diet-quality scores and plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, E-selectin, soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Results: The various diet-quality scores were significantly correlated with each other; correlation coefficients ranged from 0.56 to 0.80 (all P values < 0.0001). After adjustment for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking status, and energy intake, the HEI and DQI-R were not significantly associated with any of the biomarkers, whereas the AHEI and aMED scores were associated with significantly lower concentrations of most biomarkers. The RFS was significantly associated with a lower concentration of E-selectin only. C-reactive protein concentrations were 30% (P < 0.05) and 24% (P < 0.05) lower in the top than in the bottom quintile of the AHEI and of the aMED, respectively Conclusion: Higher AHEI and aMED scores were associated with lower concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and therefore may be useful as guidelines for reducing the risk of diseases involving such biological pathways. AmJ Clin Nutr 2005;82:163-73. C1 Simmons Coll, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Fung, TT (reprint author), Simmons Coll, Dept Nutr, 300 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM fung@simmons.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA87969]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK58845] NR 32 TC 266 Z9 269 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 82 IS 1 BP 163 EP 173 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 945BC UT WOS:000230474400025 PM 16002815 ER PT J AU Millen, BE Quatromoni, PA Nam, BH Pencina, MJ Polak, JF Kimokoti, RW Ordovas, JM D'Agostino, RB AF Millen, BE Quatromoni, PA Nam, BH Pencina, MJ Polak, JF Kimokoti, RW Ordovas, JM D'Agostino, RB TI Compliance with expert population-based dietary guidelines and lower odds of carotid atherosclerosis in women: the Framingham Nutrition Studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE carotid stenosis; total and saturated fat; dietary cholesterol; smoking; preventive nutrition; coronary artery disease; CAD ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ARTERY STENOSIS; RISK-FACTOR; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; STROKE; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION; PLASMA AB Background: Carotid stenosis, an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis, predicts future coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke and provides a noninvasive method to identify candidates for primary prevention. The relation between diet and stenosis is relatively unexplored, particularly in women. Objective: We evaluated in women the association between nutrient intakes that were consistent with expert population-based dietary guidelines and carotid stenosis. Design: We used prospective logistic regression analyses to evaluate relations between baseline nutrient intake and the presence of carotid stenosis at 4-y follow-up in 1123 women from the Framingham Offspring-Spouse study, after control for multiple CAD risk factors. We also developed multivariate models that were stratified by compliance with expert population-based dietary guidelines and smoking status. Results: Baseline nutrient and risk factor profiles differed by women's compliance and smoking status. Dietary noncompliance and smoking were each associated with odds for stenosis that were 2.5fold those of dietary compliance and nonsmoking. Odds were highest for dietary noncompliance in combination with smoking (odds ratio: 3.49; 95% Cl: 1.67, 7.27). Conclusions: Nutrient intake consistent with current expert population-based dietary guidelines and smoking abstinence are associated with lower odds of carotid atherosclerosis in women. Unique dietary and risk factor profiles of at-risk women suggest areas for targeted primary CAD prevention. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Dept SocioMed Sci, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Grad Div Med Sci, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Lipid Metab Lab, USDA,Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Millen, BE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Room 263W,715 Albany St,Talbot 2W, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM bmillen@bu.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-38038, R01-HL-60700] NR 50 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 82 IS 1 BP 174 EP 180 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 945BC UT WOS:000230474400026 PM 16002816 ER PT J AU Song, Y Wang, JX Li, Y Du, YB Arteel, GE Saari, JT Kang, YJ Cai, L AF Song, Y Wang, JX Li, Y Du, YB Arteel, GE Saari, JT Kang, YJ Cai, L TI Cardiac metallothionein synthesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and its protection against diabetes-induced cardiac injury SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TRANSGENIC MICE; DNA MICROARRAY; RAT HEARTS; INDUCTION; ZINC; MYOCARDIUM; COPPER; TRANSPLANTATION AB Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Metallothionein (MT), a stress-response protein, is significantly increased in the liver and kidney of diabetic animals. We examined whether diabetes also induces cardiac MT synthesis through oxidative damage and whether MT overexpression protects the heart from injury. Diabetes was induced in mice by single injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and cardiac MT mRNA and protein levels were measured 2 weeks and 2 months after STZ treatment. Diabetes significantly increased cardiac MT synthesis 2 weeks and 2 months after STZ treatment, with no change in cardiac metals including zinc, copper, and iron. Serum and cardiac vasopeptide endothelin and inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor a were also significantly increased in diabetic hearts, as were the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione and die immunohistochemical staining of 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal To explore the biological importance of increased NIT synthesis in the heart, MT-overexpressmg transgenic mice were treated with STZ and then examined 2 months later A loss of inotropic reserve, uncovered during beta-adrenergic stimulation, and the presence of cardiac fibrosis, shown by increased Sirius red staining of collagen, were evident in the wild-type diabetic mice but not in the MT-overexpressmg transgenic diabetic mice. These results suggest that diabetes-induced cardiac MT expression likely associates with systemic increases in endothelin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-a and the resulting cardiac oxidative stress. Over-expresshig cardiac MT significantly protects die heart from diabetes-induced injury. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Cai, L (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, 511 S Floyd St,MDR 533, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM locai001@louisville.edu RI Cai, Lu/A-6024-2008 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL63760, R01 HL059225, R01 HL063760, HL59225]; NIDA NIH HHS [R21 DA020667] NR 55 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 167 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62949-5 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 938XM UT WOS:000230036700003 PM 15972948 ER PT J AU Dong, F Esberg, LB Roughead, ZK Ren, J Saari, JT AF Dong, F Esberg, LB Roughead, ZK Ren, J Saari, JT TI Increased contractility of cardiomyocytes from copper-deficient rats is associated with upregulation of cardiac IGF-I receptor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insulin-like growth factor-I ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; HEART-FAILURE; VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; MOUSE HEART; MICE; CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTION; EXPRESSION; ISCHEMIA; VIVO AB Hearts from severely Cu-deficient rats show a variety of pathological defects, including hypertrophy and, in intact hearts, depression of contractile function. Paradoxically, isolated cardiomyocytes from these rats exhibit enhanced contractile properties. Because hypertrophy and enhanced contractility observed with other pathologies are associated with elevation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF)-I, this mechanism was examined for the case of dietary Cu deficiency. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were provided diets that were deficient (similar to 0.5 mg Cu/kg diet) or adequate (similar to 6 mg Cu/kg diet) in Cu for 5 wk. IGF-I was measured in serum and hearts by an ELISA method, cardiac IGF-I and IGF-II receptors and IGFBP-3 were measured by Western blotting analysis, and mRNAs for cardiac IGF-I and IGF-II were measured by RT-PCR. Contractility of isolated cardiomyocytes was assessed by a video-based edge-detection system. Cu deficiency depressed serum and heart IGF-I and heart IGFBP-3 protein levels and increased cardiac IGF-I receptor protein. Cardiac IGF-II protein and mRNA for cardiac IGF-I and IGF-II were unaffected by Cu deficiency. A Cu deficiency-induced increase in cardiomyocyte contractility, as indicated by increases in maximal velocities of shortening (-dL/dt) and relengthening (+dL/dt) and decrease in time to peak shortening (TPS), was confirmed. These changes were largely inhibited by use of H-1356, an IGF-I receptor blocker. We conclude that enhanced sensitivity to IGF-I, as indicated by an increase in IGF-I receptor protein, accounts for the increased contractility of Cu-deficient cardiomyocytes and may presage cardiac failure. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Wyoming, Div Pharmaceut Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Ctr Cardiovasc Res & Alternat Med, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Saari, JT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jsaari@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 289 IS 1 BP H78 EP H84 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.01093.2004 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 935YA UT WOS:000229818100011 PM 15734878 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Hamm, PB Shiel, PJ Hane, DC Brown, CR Berger, PH AF Crosslin, JM Hamm, PB Shiel, PJ Hane, DC Brown, CR Berger, PH TI Serological and molecular detection of tobacco veinal necrosis isolates of Potato virus Y (PVYN) from potatoes grown in the western United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RT-PCR; potyvirus; ELISA; monoclonal antibodies ID MULTIPLEX RT-PCR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; 3-PRIMER PCR; STRAINS; SINGLE; RNA; IDENTIFICATION AB Isolates of Potato virus Y potyvirus that induced systemic veinal necrosis in tobacco (PVYN) were transmitted from potatoes grown in Washington, Oregon, California, and Idaho. The detection of these viruses by serological and molecular methods was evaluated. In addition to PVYN-like isolates, putative recombinant isolates (PVYN:O) were detected. ELISA tests using monoclonal antibodies specific for ordinary (PVY0) or necrosis-inducing (PVYN) serotypes of the virus indicated that both 0 and N serotypes were represented among the PM isolates. All of the necrosis-inducing PVYN and PVYN:0 isolates were rapidly detected and differentiated from the ordinary strain using a novel coupled, one-tube, duplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (cRT-PCR) assay. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. USDA, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jcrosslin@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 263 EP 269 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 959WS UT WOS:000231550600001 ER PT J AU Westermann, DT AF Westermann, DT TI Nutritional requirements of potatoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; essential elements; fertilization; tissue tests; research opportunities ID CADMIUM; WHEAT; SOIL AB Plant nutrition is the practice of providing to the plant the right nutrient, in the right amount, in the right place, at the right time. This paper gives an overview of the roles that each of the 16 essential nutrients have in plant nutrition, their relative mobility as related to deficiency symptom expression, and what is generally known about nutrient responses to field applications on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the USA and Canada. Maintaining high crop yields with minimum nutrient losses to the environment is and will continue to be a significant challenge to the potato producer. Additional nutritional research efforts in genetically modified plants, precision agriculture, food quality and safety, fertilizer impurities, and other management concerns should significantly help the producer in this effort. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Westermann, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM dtw@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 17 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 301 EP 307 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 959WS UT WOS:000231550600006 ER PT J AU Norby, B Bartlett, PC Grooms, DL Kaneene, JB Bruning-Fann, CS AF Norby, B Bartlett, PC Grooms, DL Kaneene, JB Bruning-Fann, CS TI Use of simulation modeling to estimate herd-level sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of diagnostic tests for detection of tuberculosis in cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd World Buiatrics Congress CY JUL, 2004 CL Quebec, CANADA ID BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; ANIMAL DISEASES; CAUDAL FOLD; MICHIGAN; ASSAY AB Objective-To estimate herd-level sensitivity (HSe), specificity (HSp), and predictive values for a positive (HPVP) and negative (HPVN) test result for several testing scenarios for detection of tuberculosis in cattle by use of simulation modeling. Sample Population-Empirical distributions of all herds (15,468) and herds in a 10-county area (1,016) in Michigan. Procedure-5 test scenarios were simulated: scenario 1, serial interpretation of the caudal fold tuberculin (CFT) test and comparative cervical test (CCT); scenario 2, serial interpretation of the CFT test and CCT, microbial culture for mycobacteria, and polymerase chain reaction assay; scenario 3, same as scenario 2 but specificity was fixed at 1.0; and scenario 4, sensitivity was 0.9 (scenario 4a) or 0.95 (scenario 4b), and specificity was fixed at 1.0. Results-Estimates for HSe were reasonably high, ranging between 0.712 and 0.840. Estimates for HSp were low when specificity was not fixed at 1.0. Estimates of HPVP were low for scenarios 1 and 2 (0.042 and 0.143, respectively) but increased to 1.0 when specificity was fixed at 1.0. The HPVN remained high for all 5 scenarios, ranging between 0.995 and 0.997 As herd size increased, HSe increased and HSp and HPVP decreased. However, fixing specificity at 1.0 had only minor effects on HSp and HPVN, but HSe was low when the herd size was small. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Tests used for detecting cattle herds infected with tuberculosis work well on a herd basis. Herds with < approximately 100 cattle should be tested more frequently or for a longer duration than larger herds to ensure that these small herds are free of tuberculosis. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Norby, B (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 66 IS 7 BP 1285 EP 1291 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1285 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 943OW UT WOS:000230364600026 PM 16111171 ER PT J AU Rhoades, CC Miller, SP Skinner, DL AF Rhoades, CC Miller, SP Skinner, DL TI Forest vegetation and soil patterns across glade-forest ecotones in the Knobs Region of northeastern Kentucky, USA SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PRAIRIE; OHIO AB The Crooked Creek Barrens Preserve in the northeastern Knobs region of Kentucky contains an aggregation of species-rich grass and forb-dominated glade openings surrounded by secondary forest. Encroachment of woody species and invasion by non-native species threaten the rare forbs and sedges of the glades. The locations of these plant assemblages are commonly known to correspond to the unique properties of their underlying soils, yet few studies consider how soil factors may influence habitat conservation or restoration. This study describes vegetation and soil properties across the glade-edge-forest transition of three individual glade openings. juniperus virginiana was the most abundant woody species within the glade openings. juniperus virginana, Quercus stellata, Fraxinus americana and Cercis canadensis co-dominated the edge-forest boundary. Glade surface soils had dramatically higher pH (2 units) and lower extractable soil P (50% less) than forest soils. Also, total soil N content and net mineralization rates were significantly lower in glades than in forest or edge soils. The highly erodable nature of alkaline shale sediments appears to have contributed to the current location and extent of the glade openings. These findings suggest that management efforts to enhance rare plant habitat by expanding the glade openings should be accompanied by monitoring of soil changes following clearing. Further study should assess whether glade species of conservation concern are restricted to the nutrient-poor alkaline soils within extant glade openings or if they readily colonize the more nutrient-rich habitat of the cleared edge. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Rhoades, CC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM crhoades@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 154 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0001:FVASPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944EB UT WOS:000230407600001 ER PT J AU Chavez, AS Gese, EM AF Chavez, AS Gese, EM TI Food habits of wolves in relation to livestock depredations in northwestern Minnesota SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CANIS-LUPUS-SIGNATUS; WOLF POPULATION; CENTRAL ONTARIO; NATIONAL-PARK; DIET; COYOTE; NORTH; DEER AB Wolves (Canis lupus) have recolonized many areas of the Midwestern United States, prompting concern over the possible risk wolves may pose to livestock producers. To better understand the risks wolves may pose to livestock, we initiated a 3-y study examining the food habits of wolves in an agricultural area of northwestern Minnesota and their relation to depredation records of livestock losses in the same area. We collected 533 wolf feces during the non-winter seasons from 1997-1999. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was the most abundant food item (39.2%) of all prey items for all 3 y combined. The deer component comprised both adult deer (26.9%) and fawns (12.3%). Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) were the second highest food item at 16.6%. Moose (Alces alces), both adults (13.0%) and calves (0.6%), comprised 13.6% of the diet of wolves, followed by cattle (10.3%), domestic pig (4.4%), lagomorphs (3.6%) and beaver (Castor canadensis, 2.1%). During our 3-y study, eight head of livestock were officially reported as wolf depredations in the agricultural lands within the study area. The confirmed losses included one sheep, one injured cow, one blind cow and five calves. Even with very low deer and moose densities in the study area and a high preponderance of cattle in the area (> 1000 head), the wolves in the area preyed mostly on native prey species. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, USDA, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chavez, AS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 6010 Hidden Valley Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 154 IS 1 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0253:FHOWIR]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944EB UT WOS:000230407600023 ER PT J AU Kakani, VG Reddy, KR Koti, S Wallace, TP Prasad, PVV Reddy, VR Zhao, D AF Kakani, VG Reddy, KR Koti, S Wallace, TP Prasad, PVV Reddy, VR Zhao, D TI Differences in in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth of cotton cultivars in response to high temperature SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; high temperature; cell membrane thermostability; principal component analysis; pollen germination; pollen tube; relative injury ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; HEAT-STRESS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEED-SET; L.; TOLERANCE; MAIZE; YIELD; GROUNDNUT; VIABILITY AB Background and Aims High-temperature environments with > 30 degrees C during flowering reduce boll retention and yield in cotton. Therefore, identification of cotton cultivars with high-temperature tolerance would be beneficial in both current and future climates. e center dot Methods Response to temperature (10-45 degrees C at 5 degrees C intervals) of pollen germination and pollen tube growth was quantified, and their relationship to cell membrane thermostability was studied in 12 cultivars. A principal component analysis was carried out to classify the genotypes for temperature tolerance. center dot Key Results Pollen germination and pollen tube length of the cultivars ranged from 20 to 60% and 411 to 903 mu m, respectively. A modified bilinear model best described the response to temperature of pollen germination and pollen tube length. Cultivar variation existed for cardinal temperatures (T-min, T-opt, and T-max) of pollen germination percentage and pollen tube growth. Mean cardinal temperatures calculated from the bilinear model for the 12 cultivars were 15.0, 31-8 and 43.3 degrees C for pollen germination and 11.9, 28.6 and 42.9 degrees C for pollen tube length. No significant correlations were found between pollen parameters and leaf membrane thermostability. Cultivars; were classified into four groups based on principal component analysis. center dot Conclusions Based on principal component analysis, it is concluded that higher pollen germination percentages and longer pollen tubes under optimum conditions and with optimum temperatures above 32 degrees C for pollen germination would indicate tolerance to high temperature. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, BARCW, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Kakani, VG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555,117 Dorman Hall, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM vgk3@ra.msstate.edu RI Prasad, P.V. Vara/B-3835-2012; Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; OI Prasad, P.V. Vara/0000-0001-6632-3361; Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 50 TC 80 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 96 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1093/aob/mci149 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 943ZO UT WOS:000230394900007 PM 15851397 ER PT J AU Castedo-Doradoa, F Barrio-Anta, M Parresol, BR Alvarez-Gonzalez, JG AF Castedo-Doradoa, F Barrio-Anta, M Parresol, BR Alvarez-Gonzalez, JG TI A stochastic height-diameter model for maritime pine ecoregions in Galicia (northwestern Spain) SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE generalized height-diameter model; stochastic component; ecoregions; thinning effect; Pinus pinaster ID SITE INDEX MODELS; CROSS-VALIDATION; GROWTH-FUNCTION; EQUATIONS; PLANTATIONS; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; PINASTER; STANDS; PROVENANCES AB A stochastic height-diameter model was developed for maritime pine ( Pinus pinaster Ait.) in Galicia ( northwestern Spain). Four well-known growth functions were initially considered in this work, however, only Schnute's function performed adequately. A set of 20 695 pairs of height-diameter measures, collected in thinned and unthinned pure and even-aged stands, were used to fit the model. These stands were located throughout Galicia Autonomous Region covering a wide range of forest stands and site conditions. Since unequal error variance occurs, the generalized non-linear least squares method was used to take into account the error structure. Different weighting factors were employed to remove the heterogeneous variance of the errors. Because the local model ( including only tree dimensions as explanatory variables) did not provide adequate results, stand variables were tested and incorporated into the height-diameter model. Ecoregion differences in the height-diameter relationship were analysed using the non-linear extra sum of squares method and the Lakkis-Jones test. Both tests showed that model parameters were significantly different between the two ecoregions normally defined for this species: coast and interior. The effect of thinning was examined; however, no benefits were obtained by introducing an additional thinning response variable in the prediction model. Finally, since trees with the same diameter usually do not have the same height, even within the same stand, a stochastic component was added to the deterministic height function. This approach mimics the natural variability of heights and therefore provides more realistic height predictions. C1 Univ Leon, Escuela Super Tecn Ingn Agr, Dept Ingn Agr, Ponferrada 24400, Leon, Spain. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Ingn Agroforestal, Lugo 27002, Spain. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Castedo-Doradoa, F (reprint author), Univ Leon, Escuela Super Tecn Ingn Agr, Dept Ingn Agr, Campus Ponferrada, Ponferrada 24400, Leon, Spain. EM diafcd@unileon.es RI Castedo-Dorado, Fernando/E-5449-2012; OI Castedo-Dorado, Fernando/0000-0002-1656-5255; Alvarez-Gonzalez, Juan Gabriel/0000-0002-5206-9128 NR 61 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1051/forest:2005042 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 958IL UT WOS:000231437800010 ER PT J AU Perez, J Infante, F Vega, FE AF Perez, J Infante, F Vega, FE TI Does the coffee berry borer (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) have mutualistic fungi? SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Hypothenemus; coffee berry borer; mutualism; fungi ID HYPOTHENEMUS-HAMPEI COLEOPTERA; FUSARIUM-SOLANI MONILIALES; MEXICO; TUBERCULARIACEAE; ECOLOGY; BEES AB Laboratory bioassays were performed to determine if a mutualistic association exists between three species of fungi and the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). The fungi Fusarium solani (Martins), Penicillium citrinum Thom and Candida fermentati (Saito) were evaluated on the reproduction and survivorship of H. hampei. The fungi were evaluated at three concentrations: 5 X 102; 5 X 104 and 5 X 106 spores/nil using coffee berries and meridic diets as substrate. The fungi did not affect the normal development of the insect and did not increase mortality at any concentration evaluated. When H. hampei was reared in berries, no significant differences in the total progeny production were detected between treatments involving fungi and the control. When reared on meridic diets, there was no clear trend to suggest a beneficial effect of a given species of fungus on H. hampei; at 40 d postinoculation, the total progeny production of the insect was higher than the control with C. fermentati; at 60 d it was higher with E solani, and at 80 d there were no differences between treatments involving fungi and the control. Our results indicate that there were no clear positive effects of any fungi on the coffee berry borer either in berries or diets. Therefore, we conclude that H. hampei is not allied with fungi in mutualist relationships as was previously believed. C1 Celegio Frontera, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Perez, J (reprint author), Celegio Frontera, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2-5, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. OI Infante, Francisco/0000-0002-7419-7606; Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0483:DTCBBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943NC UT WOS:000230359800007 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Lewis, TM AF Horton, DR Lewis, TM TI Size and shape differences in genitalia of males from sympatric and reproductively isolated populations of Anthocoris antevolens White (Heteroptera : Anthocoridae) in the Yakima Valley, Washington SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE insecta; sexual selection; genitalia; morpbometrics; mating isolation ID DERAEOCORIS BREVIS HETEROPTERA; AEDEAGAL LENGTH; PEAR PSYLLA; TEPHRITIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; MORPHOLOGY; SPECIATION; DROSOPHILA; SUCCESS; DIPTERA AB Anthocoris antevolen. White (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is a widespread predatory bug in North America commonly associated with deciduous trees and shrubs. Unpublished observations showed that there is considerable geographic variation in male genitalia in this species and that the variation may lead to reproductive isolation among geographically separated populations. We show that male bugs from two sympatric populations in the Yakima Valley, Washington, one occurring on oak (Quercus garryana Douglas) and the other collected from willow (Salix sp.), differed in size and shape of the phallus and clasper. Mating trials showed that males from the oak source successfully inseminated females from the oak source in 75% of pairings; insemination success for males front the willow source paired with females from the willow source was somewhat lower at 62%. In nonlike crosses (oak X willow, willow X oak), males failed to inseminate the female in 100% of pairings, despite vigorous mating attempts by the males. Copulation duration was independent of population source. However, males from the willow source initiated copulation attempts significantly sooner in the assay than males front the oak source, irrespective of female source. We interrupted copulating pairs by freezing them with liquid nitrogen and showed that males in nonlike crosses generally had failed to fully inflate the phallus in the female. Results support statements made elsewhere that A. antevolens is actually composed of in unknown number of reproductively isolated cryptic species. C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0527:SASDIG]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943NC UT WOS:000230359800012 ER PT J AU Keena, MA AF Keena, MA TI Pourable artificial diet for rearing Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) and methods to optimize larval survival and synchronize development SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; artificial diets; iron; rearing ID TREES AB Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a recently introduced non-native invasive species in the United States that has the potential to destroy several tree species in urban and forest habitats. The ability to rear A. glabripennis in quarantine is critical to rapid progress on techniques for the exclusion, detection, and eradication of this pest. Survival and development were compared for larvae from two populations (Chicago, IL, and Queens, NY) on six diets containing varying levels of Fe (69-237 mg/liter) and for three populations (Illinois and New York plus Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China) under four larval chill treatments (6, 9, 12, or 16 wk of development before chill). Larval survival and percentage pupation significantly decreased and developmental time slightly increased with increasing Fe levels in the diet. Larval survival and percentage of pupation were highest, adults weighed the most, and developmental time was shortest when larvae were reared on a pourable modification of the Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman) (ER) diet. Individuals from the China and Illinois populations were heavier than those from New York. On average, larvae from the Illinois population were ready to pupate sooner than those from New York or China. Some larvae that had not reached their critical weight for pupation before the chill period required a second chill period before initiating pupation. Overall survival increased as the developmental time period before chill increased. Further evaluation of the effects of temperature on development is needed to better understand the triggers for pupation and to predict the timing of various stages. C1 Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Keena, MA (reprint author), Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 536 EP 547 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0536:PADFRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943NC UT WOS:000230359800013 ER PT J AU Silva-Torres, CSA Matthews, RW Ruberson, JR Lewis, WJ AF Silva-Torres, CSA Matthews, RW Ruberson, JR Lewis, WJ TI Olfactory cues in host finding by Melittobia digitata (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE parasitism; chemoreception; host location; flesh fly; leafcutting bee ID MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA HYMENOPTERA; SPHECIDAE AB Chemical signals used by parasitoids to find hosts often originate from the host, its habitat, or both, providing critical cues for locating hosts that are often cryptic or highly dispersed. Melittobia Westwood are gregarious ectoparasitoids, which primarily attack Trypoxylon politum Say prepupae. How Melittobia locates its host is unknown, but it may involve host-related chemical signals. Therefore, this study focused on whether host location by Melittobia digitata Dahms is mediated by olfactory stimuli. In a small arena, which contained a choice of potential hosts [T politum prepupa, Megachile rotundata (F.) prepupa, or Sarcophaga bullata (Parker) puparium], empty host pupal cases, or nest mud-all of which were visually and physically isolated from the parasitoid-Mel. digitata successfully located host patches and spent significantly more time on those than on control (blank and dummy) patches. Results suggest that Mel. digitata females may be arrested by host-related chemicals. C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Silva-Torres, CSA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 595 EP 600 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0595:OCIHFB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943NC UT WOS:000230359800021 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Bayer, MA Lewis, TM AF Horton, DR Bayer, MA Lewis, TM TI Differences in mating behavior among three populations of Anthocoris antevolens (Heteroptera : Anthocoridae): A comparison of intra- and interpopulation crosses SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE insecta; female resistance; insemination; cryptic species; geographic variation ID COPULATION DURATION; GENITAL MORPHOLOGY; DROSOPHILA; INSEMINATION; SPECIATION; PATTERNS; COMPLEX AB Mating behavior was compared among three populations of Anthocoris antevolens White (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). Two of the three populations are sympatric in the Yakima Valley, Washington, and are known to differ in length of the setae on the hemelytra and in characteristics of the male's genitalia. The third population occurred 120 km west of the Yakima populations. All possible inter- and intrapopulation crosses were studied. Mates attempted to mate females in all crosses and were as rapid in initiating mating attempts in interpopulation crosses as in intrapopulation crosses. Mating success, defined to be insemination of the female, varied between 64 and 92% in intrapopulation crosses, but only between 0 and 21% in interpopulation crosses. The crosses between the two sympatric populations never resulted in insemination. Females in all crosses resisted mating attempts by males. Resistance behavior included hunching of the abdomen to prevent insertion of the clasper by the male, use of a bind leg to block male attempts to insert the clasper, and attempts to dislodge the male. For two of the populations, female resistance increased when paired with a male from a different population than when paired with a male from her population; females from the third population showed similar levels of resistance in interpopulation and intrapopulation crosses. Our results support the idea that A. antevolens is actually composed of an unknown number of reproductively isolated cryptic species. C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 608 EP 614 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0608:DIMBAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943NC UT WOS:000230359800023 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW Schaefer, PW AF Riddick, EW Schaefer, PW TI Occurrence, density, and distribution of parasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens (Laboulbeniales : Laboulbeniaceae) on multicolored Asian lady beetle (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE aggregations; overwinter; infection; Harmonia axyridis; Pennsylvania ID HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; PALLAS COLEOPTERA; THAXTER LABOULBENIALES; NORTH-AMERICA; WEST-VIRGINIA; HOST; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; INFECTION AB The coccinellid-specific parasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens Thaxter was found on the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), in fail and winter in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. Research objectives were 1) to determine the density of H. virescens on field-collected H. axyridis adults held in the laboratory, and 2) to determine H. virescens presence, density, and distribution on H. axyrydis adults in the field. In the laboratory, male and female H. axyridis adults hosted > 150 H. virescens mature thalli (i.e., fruiting bodies); distributed primarily on the elytra and abdomen. At the overwintering site, H. virescens density per host was often < 20 mature thalli, which were distributed primarily on the elytra of both sexes. On average, 52.5 and 57.4% of H. axyridis males and females, respectively, hosted H. virescens mature thalli in late winter (5 March 2003); < 14% of either sex hosted mature thalli the following fall (15, 22, and 28 October and 10 November 2003) at the same site. This study suggests that H. virescens is an established parasite of H. axyridis in Pennsylvania but that field estimates of infection may vary considerably between dates that adult beetles arrive and depart from overwintering sites. Preponderance of fungal thalli on the dorsum rather than the ventrum of H. axyridis males suggests that mating behavior is not solely responsible for transmission of H. virescens from infected to noninfected adults. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 53 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 615 EP 624 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0615:ODADOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 943NC UT WOS:000230359800024 ER PT J AU Danka, RG Villa, JD AF Danka, RG Villa, JD TI An association in honey bees between autogrooming and the presence of migrating tracheal mites SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Acarapis woodi; tracheal mite; infestation; grooming behavior AB We evaluated the difference in tracheal mite infestation between nestmate honey bees that were actively autogrooming and those that were not. Bees seen to be actively grooming themselves in an observation hive were immediately removed through a door, narcotized and searched for mites. Nearby bees that were not grooming also were taken and examined. A strong association was found between the act of autogrooming and the presence of tracheal mites, with mites found at a 4-fold greater frequency on the thoraxes of grooming bees (36/50 with mites) than on non-grooming bees. Mites were found most commonly on the metatergum and the propodeum, and near the wing bases. C1 ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Danka, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM rdanka@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 331 EP 333 DI 10.1051/apido:2005019 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 984FX UT WOS:000233289000002 ER PT J AU Ladurner, E Bosch, J Kemp, WP Maini, S AF Ladurner, E Bosch, J Kemp, WP Maini, S TI Evaluation of a standard artificial flower design to feed individual bees known amounts of pesticides SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE oral toxicity test; artificial flower; Osmia lignaria; Apis mellifera; Megachile rotundata ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; HONEY-BEES; FORAGING BUMBLEBEES; SPECTRAL COLOURS; SHORT-TERM; 3 PARTS; HYMENOPTERA; SIGNALS; ODORS; MEGACHILIDAE AB We investigated the possibility of feeding individual bees known amounts of pesticides on a standard artificial flower with or without scent. We tested experienced and naive ( without foraging experience) Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata females, and experienced Apis mellifera foragers, and trained ( exposed to the artificial flower for 24 h) and untrained individuals of the three species. We also fed untrained individuals of all three species with feeding units made with natural flowers (Ladurner et al., Apidologie 34 ( 2003) 597 - 602). Feeding success on artificial flowers was lower ( 0 - 50%) for O. lignaria and M. rotundata, than A. mellifera ( 70 - 97%). Training improved feeding success in O. lignaria and A. mellifera, but not M. rotundata. Experience improved feeding success in O. lignaria, but not M. rotundata. Scent had no effect on feeding success for any of the three species. Feeding success with the natural flower method was high for the three species ( 87 - 90%). C1 Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali, Area Entomol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CREAF, Unitat Ecol, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. ARS, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Ladurner, E (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali, Area Entomol, Viale Fanin 42, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM eladurner@entom.agrsci.unibo.it OI Maini, Stefano/0000-0001-7272-1243; Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 23 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 379 EP 387 DI 10.1051/apido:2005025 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 984FX UT WOS:000233289000007 ER PT J AU Ladurner, E Bosch, J Kemp, WP Maini, S AF Ladurner, E Bosch, J Kemp, WP Maini, S TI Assessing delayed and acute toxicity of five formulated fungicides to Osmia lignaria Say and Apis mellifera SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Osmia lignaria; Apis mellifera; toxicity; fungicide; LD50 ID HONEY-BEES HYMENOPTERA; VARROA-JACOBSONI; POLLEN VIABILITY; FRUIT-TREES; PESTICIDES; MEGACHILIDAE; INSECTICIDE; POLLINATORS; APPLES; APIDAE AB The delayed and acute toxicity of benomyl (Benlate(R)), captan (Captan 50WP), iprodione ( Rovral.), propiconazole ( Orbit.), and neem oil ( Trilogy.) to two crop pollinators, A. mellifera and O. lignaria, was evaluated. Survival after contact and oral single exposure to high doses of the pesticides was compared to survival of controls with the dosing vehicle. LD50 values at 24, 48 and 72 h from exposure were determined. Contact and oral exposure to benomyl and iprodione did not affect survival of any of the two species. Contact exposure to neem oil affected survival of A. mellifera. Orally administered propiconazole showed delayed and acute toxicity to both species. Captan severely limited survival of O. lignaria. The tested fungicides seemed to be safe to both bee species at the recommended rates, with the exception of captan to O. lignaria. To our knowledge, this is the first complete contact and oral toxicity test on an Osmia species. C1 Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali, Area Entomol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CREAF, Unitat Ecol, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. ARS, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Ladurner, E (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali, Area Entomol, Viale Fanin 42, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM eladurner@entom.agrsci.unibo.it OI Maini, Stefano/0000-0001-7272-1243; Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 58 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 39 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 EI 1297-9678 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 449 EP 460 DI 10.1051/apido:2005032 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 984FX UT WOS:000233289000015 ER PT J AU Gilley, DC Tarpy, DR AF Gilley, DC Tarpy, DR TI Three mechanisms of queen elimination in swarming honey bee colonies SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Swarming; queen elimination; queen duel; queen fight; pre-emergence destruction ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; VIRGIN QUEENS; VIBRATION SIGNAL; DUELING QUEENS; COMPETITION; BEHAVIOR; WORKERS; APIDAE; CELLS; REPLACEMENT AB Queen elimination in honey bee colonies is a process by which all but one of the unmated queens produced during colony fission ("swarming") are eliminated from the parental nest. Queens are eliminated by three mechanisms: queen-queen duels, pre-emergence destruction, and departure with a secondary swarm. Here we describe each of these mechanisms of elimination and address important questions about queen elimination using detailed records of events from 13 observation-hive colonies undergoing queen elimination. We make the following conclusions. ( 1) The events during queen elimination occur in two distinct patterns: queen duels with secondary swarm departures, and no queen duels with pre-emergence destruction of all of the first-emerging queen's rivals. ( 2) The timing of secondary swarm departure is related to the events of queen elimination. ( 3) Queen duels are a common mechanism of elimination. ( 4) Workers play a significant but non-lethal role in queen elimination. ( 5) Queen elimination in European and African honey bee colonies is similar but the patterns of events may differ. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gilley, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dgilley@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 461 EP 474 DI 10.1051/apido:2005033 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 984FX UT WOS:000233289000016 ER PT J AU Richards, GP Watson, MA Parveen, S AF Richards, GP Watson, MA Parveen, S TI Development of a simple and rapid fluorogenic procedure for identification of Vibrionaceae family members SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYSYL AMINOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY; PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE; CELLULITIS; VULNIFICUS; MENINGOSEPTICUM; SHEWANELLA; BACTEREMIA; SEPTICEMIA AB We describe a simple colony overlay procedure for peptidases (COPP) for the rapid fluorogenic detection and quantification of Vibrionaceae from seawater, shellfish, sewage, and clinical samples. The assay detects phosphoglucose isomerase with a lysyl aminopeptidase activity that is produced by Vibrionaceae family members. Overnight cultures are overlaid for 10 min with membranes containing a synthetic substrate, and the membranes are examined for fluorescent foci under UV illumination. Fluorescent foci were produced by all the Vibrionaceae tested, including Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., and Plesiomonas spp. Fluorescence was not produced by non-Vibrionaceae pathogens. Vibrio cholerae strains O1, O139, O22, and O155 were strongly positive. Seawater and oysters were assayed, and 87 of 93 (93.5%) of the positive isolates were identified biochemically as Vibrionaceae, principally Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Photobacterium damselae, and Shewanella putrefaciens. None of 50 nonfluorescent isolates were Vibrionaceae. No Vibrionaceae were detected in soii, and only A. hydrophila was detected in sewage. The COPP technique may be particularly valuable in environmental and food-testing laboratories and for monitoring water quality in the aquaculture industry. C1 Delaware State Univ, ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit,James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE USA. RP Richards, GP (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit,James WW Baker Ctr, 1200 N DuPont Hwy, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM grichard@desu.edu NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 71 IS 7 BP 3524 EP 3527 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.7.3524-3527.2005 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 944RE UT WOS:000230445700018 PM 16000757 ER PT J AU Cupples, AM Sanford, RA Sims, GK AF Cupples, AM Sanford, RA Sims, GK TI Dehalogenation of the herbicides bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) and ioxynil (3,5-diiodino-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) by Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC MIXED CULTURE; REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION; 5-AMINO-2,4,6-TRIIODOISOPHTHALIC ACID; METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; BENZOIC-ACIDS; SP-NOV; DEGRADATION; SOIL; STRAIN AB Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans has been shown to grow by coupling the oxidation of lactate to the metabolic reductive dehalogenation of ortho chlorines on polysubstituted phenols. Here, we examine the ability of D. chlororespirans to debrominate and deiodinate the polysubstituted herbicides bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), ioxynil (3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), and the bromoxynil metabolite 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate (DBHB). Stoichiometric debromination of bromoxynil to 4-cyanophenol and DBHB to 4-hydroxybenzoate occurred. Further, bromoxynil (35 to 75 mu M) and DBHB (250 to 260 mu M) were used as electron acceptors for growth. Doubling times for growth (means standard deviations for triplicate cultures) on bromoxynil (18.4 +/- 5.2 h) and DBHB (11.9 +/- 1.4 h), determined by rate of [C-14] lactate uptake into biomass, were similar to those previously reported for this microorganism during growth on pyruvate (15.4 h). In contrast, ioxynil was not deiodinated when added alone or when added with bromoxynil; however, ioxynil dehalogenation, with stoichiometric conversion to 4-cyanophenol, was observed when the culture was amended with 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate (a previously reported electron acceptor). To our knowledge, this is the first direct report of deiodination by a bacterium in the Desulfitobacterium genus and the first report of an anaerobic pure culture with the ability to transform bromoxynil or ioxynil. This research provides valuable insights into the substrate range of D. chlororespirans. C1 ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cupples, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S-306 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM acupples@uiuc.edu RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 50 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 71 IS 7 BP 3741 EP 3746 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.7.3741-3746.2005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 944RE UT WOS:000230445700045 PM 16000784 ER PT J AU Wise, MG Siragusa, GR AF Wise, MG Siragusa, GR TI Quantitative detection of Clostridium perfringens in the broiler fowl gastrointestinal tract by real-time PCR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROTIC ENTERITIS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; CHICKENS; POULTRY; FECES; COLONIZATION; MICROFLORA; INCLUSION; REMOVAL AB Strains of Clostridium perfringens are a frequent cause of food-borne disease and gas gangrene and are also associated with necrotic enteritis in chickens. To detect and quantify the levels of C. perfringens in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, a quantitative real-time PCR assay utilizing a fluorogenic, hydrolysis-type probe was developed and utilized to assay material retrieved from the broiler chicken cecum and ileum. Primers and probe were selected following an alignment of 16S rDNA sequences from members of cluster I of the genus Clostridium, and proved to be specific for C. perfringens. The assay could detect approximately 50 fg of C. perfringens genomic DNA and approximately 20 cells in pure culture. Measurements of the analytical sensitivity determined with spiked intestinal contents indicated that the consistent limit of detection with ileal samples was approximately 10(2) CFU/g of ileal material, but only about 10(4) CFU/g of cecal samples. The decreased sensitivity with the cecal samples was due to the presence of an unidentified chemical PCR inhibitor(s) in the cecal DNA purifications. The assay was utilized to rapidly detect and quantify C. perfringens levels in the gut tract of broiler chickens reared without supplementary growth-promoting antibiotics that manifested symptoms of necrotic enteritis. The results illustrated that quantitative real-time PCR correlates well with quantification via standard plate counts in samples taken from the ileal region of the gastrointestinal tract. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Siragusa, GR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd,POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM siragusa@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 71 IS 7 BP 3911 EP 3916 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.7.3911-3916.2005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 944RE UT WOS:000230445700065 PM 16000804 ER PT J AU Fang, M Kremer, RJ Motavalli, PP Davis, G AF Fang, M Kremer, RJ Motavalli, PP Davis, G TI Bacterial diversity in rhizospheres of nontransgenic and transgenic corn SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SOIL TYPE; PLANTS AB Bacterial diversity in transgenic and nontransgenic corn rhizospheres was determined. In greenhouse and field studies, metabolic profiling and molecular analysis of 16S rRNAs differentiated bacterial communities among soil textures but not between corn varieties. We conclude that bacteria in corn rhizospheres are affected more by soil texture than by cultivation of transgenic varieties. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KremerR@missouri.edu NR 18 TC 51 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 71 IS 7 BP 4132 EP 4136 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.7.4132-4136.2005 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 944RE UT WOS:000230445700094 PM 16000833 ER PT J AU Rotz, CA Harrigan, TM AF Rotz, CA Harrigan, TM TI Predicting suitable days for field machinery operations in a whole farm simulation SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE machinery management; suitable days; field working days; farm model; simulation ID SOIL-WATER EVAPORATION; WORKABILITY; SELECTION; WORKDAYS; TILLAGE; SURFACE; MODEL; CROP AB Accurate information on the days suitable for field operations is important in the design, development, and selection of efficient machinery systems for crop production. The number of days suitable varies widely with climate, soil characteristics, and type of operation. This information is normally difficult to obtain for a given location. A model was developed to predict suitable day information from long-term weather records and soil characteristics of a location. This model forms a component of a farm model where it is used in the simulation of the timeliness, productivity, and costs of machinery systems in crop production. Optional output provides annual, long-term average, and 80% and 90% probable values for the days suitable each month. The model was verified to predict suitable day information similar to field observations for recent years in northwestern Indiana and similar to long-term historical data for a few other locations across the Midwest. The number of suitable days predicted each month was moderately sensitive to some soil characteristics and highly sensitive to the tractability coefficients used to determine a suitable day. Recommended tractability coefficients were developed for spring and fall operations on various soil textures. Usefulness of the model was further demonstrated by determining the 80% probable number of suitable days each month in central Michigan using conventional, mulch, and no-till systems on clay loam, loam, and sandy loam soils. Incorporation of the suitable day model into a whole-farm simulation model provides a useful research and teaching tool for studying the influence of weather on the days suitable for fieldwork, the performance of field machinery operations, machinery effects and interactions with other parts of the farm, and the economics of production systems. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM alrotz@psu.edu NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 563 EP 571 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 953UH UT WOS:000231105600003 ER PT J AU Hanna, HM Boyd, PM Baker, JL Colvin, TS AF Hanna, HM Boyd, PM Baker, JL Colvin, TS TI Anhydrous ammonia application losses using single-disc and knife fertilizer injectors SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE anhydrous ammonia; injector; NH3; nitrogen; knife; losses; opener AB Anhydrous ammonia (NH3) is injected below the soil surface during application to limit loss to the atmosphere. Application at a shallower depth may reduce tractor power or allow greater speed, which could increase field capacity if NH3 losses are held to acceptable levels. Losses of NH3 during, and for 1 h after, field application were measured from a typical knife injector treatment operated at a 15-cm (6-in.) depth and 8-km/h (5-mph) travel speed and from a single-disc injector operated at shallower depths [5 and 10 cm (2 and 4 in.)] and a range of travel speeds [8, 12, and 16 km/h (5, 7.5, and 10 mph)]. NH3 losses during application as measured with a hood over the single-disc injector were 3% to 7% in clay loam, silty clay loam, and loam soils and 21% to 52% in a coarser-textured fine sandy loam soil. Applying with a knife injector at deeper depth resulted in losses of 1% to 2% across all soil types. NH3 losses measured during an hour after application with stationary collection over the injection trench were 1% or less for all treatments. Losses during application were 5 to 55 times greater than during the first hour after application. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Omaha Dist Off, Omaha, NE USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Hanna, HM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 200B Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM hmhanna@iastate.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 573 EP 578 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 953UH UT WOS:000231105600004 ER PT J AU Woodbury, BL Nienaber, JA Eigenberg, RA AF Woodbury, BL Nienaber, JA Eigenberg, RA TI Effectiveness of a passive feedlot runoff control system using a vegetative treatment area for nitrogen control SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE feedlot runoff control; vegetative treatment system; electromagnetic induction; animal waste management ID SEEPAGE AB This study was initiated to investigate the effectiveness of a solids basin and vegetative treatment area (VTA) for nutrient control as a low-cost alternative to runoff holding ponds for cattle feedlots. The estimated total nitrogen load entering the VTA was equivalent to/or less than the total nitrogen load removed by the hay crop harvested from the VTA. No water was measured exiting the VTA, either by deep percolation or by direct release, during the four-year study period. As a result, the discharge water from the basin was effectively used for hay crop production. Electromagnetic induction maps were produced to illustrate zones within the VTA where salt and nutrient loading occurred. Soil analyses in these zones indicated that surface soil NO3-N levels, particularly closest to the discharge tubes, had increased. Currently nitrogen is contained near the surface, and has not started to infiltrate deeper into the VTA soil. However NO3-N appears to be infiltrating below the solids basin where concentrations as high as 60 mg NO3-N kg(-1) soil were measured to a depth of 3 m. Annual removal of the solids and organic material from the solids basin may have compromised sealing of the basin. Seepage monitoring will continue in the near term. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Woodbury, BL (reprint author), POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM woodbury@email.marc.usda.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 581 EP 588 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 953UH UT WOS:000231105600005 ER PT J AU Bjorneberg, DL Lentz, RD AF Bjorneberg, DL Lentz, RD TI Sediment pond effectiveness for removing phosphorus from PAM-treated irrigation furrows SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE furrow irrigation; sediment pond; phosphorus; polyacrylamide ID EROSION; RUNOFF AB Polyacrylamide (PAM) greatly reduces erosion on furrow-irrigated fields and sediment ponds can be constructed to remove suspended sediment from irrigation runoff. Both practices are approved for reducing phosphorus (P) loading in the Lower Boise River Pollution Trading Project in southwest Idaho, but information is not available about using both practices on the same field. The objective of this study was to measure the combined effects of PAM application and sediment ponds on sediment and P losses from a furrow-irrigated field. Small sediment ponds (5.8 m(2)) with a 60-min design retention time were installed on two fields to receive runoff from PAM-treated or control furrows. Pond inflow and outflow were monitored during a total of 11 irrigations on the two fields. Three crop years of data showed that applying PAM to furrows reduced sediment and total P mass transport to the ponds 50% to 80%, which reduced the mass of sediment and total P retained in the ponds. However, PAM application did not change the percentage of sediment (86%) and total P (66%) retained. The PAM-sediment pond combination reduced average total P loss by 86% to 98%, based on the difference between untreated inflow and PAM-treated outflow. PAM and sediment ponds had little or no effect on dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations. The mass of DRP retained in sediment ponds was directly related to the amount of water that infiltrated within the ponds. Applying PAM to irrigation furrows and installing sediment ponds at the end of the field can be an effective combination for reducing sediment and total phosphorus losses from furrow-irrigated fields, but these practices only reduced soluble P losses by decreasing the volume of water that ran off the fields. C1 ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Bjorneberg, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM bdavid@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 589 EP 593 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 953UH UT WOS:000231105600006 ER PT J AU Kincaid, DC AF Kincaid, DC TI Application rates from center pivot irrigation with current sprinkler types SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE sprinkler irrigation; spray irrigation; center pivot irrigation; water application rate; rainfall intensity AB Center pivot sprinkler irrigation is increasing in popularity in the United States due to the low labor requirement and ability to irrigate large fields. The main problem associated with pivots continues to be the inherently high application rates and tendency for runoff and erosion on medium- and fine-textured soils and rolling topography. Recently developed sprinklers or spray heads can produce high application uniformity with controlled drop sizes and medium sized pattern widths at medium to low pressures. A method is presented to predict the average and peak application rates at any point along a center pivot lateral for a particular type of sprinkler The method can be incorporated with infiltration and center pivot design models to predict when runoff might occur A computer program is available to aid in the design process and compare alternative configurations. C1 ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Kincaid, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM kincaid@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 605 EP 610 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 953UH UT WOS:000231105600008 ER PT J AU Vories, ED Tacker, PL Hogan, R AF Vories, ED Tacker, PL Hogan, R TI Multiple inlet approach to reduce water requirements for rice production SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE rice; crop management; water use; water conservation; irrigation; surface irrigation; water use efficiency; water management; crop production ID FLOOD IRRIGATION; SPRINKLER AB Traditional flooded rice production utilizes a well or riser in the highest-elevation portion of the field and water spills into lower paddies as the upper paddies are filled. In an alternative method known as multiple-inlet irrigation, rather than discharging directly into the highest paddy, a pipe is connected and gates or holes water each paddy concurrently instead of each receiving overflow from a higher paddy. The objective of this research was to investigate whether a multiple-inlet approach would result in less water being pumped for rice production than conventional flooding, when applied on production-scale fields by the regular farm employees. On-farm water use studies were conducted during the 1999 through 2002 growing seasons. The studies consisted of 14 paired fields located close together, with the same cultivar soil type, planting date, and management practices. One field was randomly assigned as a conventionally flooded field and the other was assigned as multiple-inlet rice irrigation. Flowmeters were installed in the inlets to both fields and the farmers provided yield data. The multiple-inlet method required 24% less irrigation water than conventional flooding and produced 3% more yield and 36% higher irrigation water use efficiency than conventional flooding. These findings can lead to easing the groundwater shortages being experienced in Arkansas and other rice-producing areas. C1 ARS, USDA, CSWQRU, Portageville, MO USA. Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Keiser, AR USA. RP Vories, ED (reprint author), Delta Ctr, Box 160, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM VoriesE@Missouri.edu NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 611 EP 616 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 953UH UT WOS:000231105600009 ER PT J AU Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Smith, DP AF Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Smith, DP TI Detection of cecal contaminants in visceral cavity of broiler carcasses using hyperspectral imaging SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE machine vision; image processing; food safety; poultry inspection; hyperspectral; multispectral imaging; fecal contamination; ceca; internal contaminants ID SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; SYSTEM; INSPECTION; SAFETY; TISSUE AB Detecting fecal contaminants in the visceral cavity of the broiler is difficult but extremely important for poultry safety inspection. A hyperspectral imaging system was used for detecting internal cecal contaminants on broiler carcass halves. Two 565- and 517-nm wavelength images were selected from 512 calibrated hypercube image data. Image processing algorithms including band ratio, threshold, and median filtering were used to identify fecal contaminants from the internal cavity. The accuracy of detection algorithms to identify cecal contaminants varied with fecal threshold values and median filter as well. The imaging system identified cecal contaminants with 92.5% detection accuracy but also incorrectly identified 123 carcass features that were not considered as contaminants (false positives) and missed 15 actual contaminants when a fecal threshold value of 1.05 was employed. The higher accuracy (96.9%) and lower missed contaminants were obtained when a different fecal threshold value was used. However, in this case, false positives markedly increased. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM bpark@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 627 EP 635 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 953UH UT WOS:000231105600011 ER PT J AU Chao, K Chen, YR Ding, F Chan, DE AF Chao, K Chen, YR Ding, F Chan, DE TI Characterizing wholesome and unwholesome chickens by CIELUV color difference SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE colorimetry; food safety; poultry; spectroscopy ID 2-DIMENSIONAL CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL VARIATIONS; POULTRY CARCASSES; MEATS; REFLECTANCE AB An automated poultry carcass inspection system will help the poultry processing industry to provide better chicken products for the consumer while minimizing potential economic losses. The objective of this research was to investigate the potential of a color-based sensing technique suitable for rapid automated inspection for wholesomeness of chickens in the visible region. Spectra, in the range of 400 to 867 nm, of veterinarian-selected carcasses, 400 wholesome and 332 unwholesome, were collected from a high-speed kill line using a visible/near-infrared spectrophotometer system. CIELUV color differences characterizing wholesome and unwholesome chicken samples were calculated as a simple distance formula and used to classify individual samples. Results showed that the greatest color differences occurred for waveband combinations at (508 nm, 426 nm), (560 nm, 426 nm), and (640 nm, 420 nm). Full-spectrum classification achieved accuracies of 85%, 86%, 84%, and 82% for wholesome validation samples, wholesome testing samples, unwholesome validation samples, and unwholesome testing samples, respectively. Using the (560 nm, 426 nm) waveband combination, classification accuracies of 91%, 92%, 90%, and 90% were achieved for wholesome validation samples, wholesome testing samples, unwholesome validation samples, and unwholesome testing samples, respectively. The potential of using CIELUV color differences to differentiate between wholesome and unwholesome chickens was demonstrated, and the straightforward calculation involved suggest that the method is suitable for rapid automated online sorting of chicken carcasses. C1 ARS, USDA, ISL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ISL, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chaok@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 653 EP 659 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 953UH UT WOS:000231105600014 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Gaines, CS AF Delwiche, SR Gaines, CS TI Wavelength selection for monochromatic and bichromatic sorting of fusarium-damaged wheat SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE wheat; fungi; near-infrared; grading; scab; spectroscopy; fusarium ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MACHINE VISION; GRAVITY TABLE; HEAD BLIGHT; SCAB; KERNELS; REFLECTANCE; VOMITOXIN; CEREALS; BAKING AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease that affects small cereal grains such as wheat, causing the seed to be shriveled, light in weight, and, in many circumstances, infused with the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), a recognized human health hazard. The occurrence and severity of the disease varies with season and geographical location, with warm humid weather during flowering and the presence of crop residue from the previous year as exacerbating factors. A study was undertaken to determine the most suitable visible or near-infrared wavelengths that could be used in high-speed sorting for removal of FHB-infected soft red winter wheat kernels. Four thousand eight hundred kernels, equally divided between normal and scab-damaged conditions, from 100 commercial varieties were individually scanned in the extended visible (410 to 865 nm) and near-infrared (1031 to 1674 nm) regions. Single- and all combinations of two-wavelength linear discriminant analysis models were developed and characterized through cross-validation by the average correctness of classification percentages. Short visible (similar to 420 nm) and moderate near-infrared (1450 to 1500 nm) wavelengths produced the highest single-term classification accuracies (at approximately 77% and 83%, respectively). The best two-term models occurred near the wavelengths of 500 and 550 nm for the visible region alone (94% accuracy), 1152 and 1248 nm for the near-infrared region alone (97%), and 750 and 1476 nm for the hybrid region (86%). Such wavelengths are, therefore, considered of importance in the design of monochromatic and bichromatic high-speed sorters for scab-damage reduction. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM delwiche@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 681 EP 688 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 953UH UT WOS:000231105600017 ER PT J AU Jin, YS Cruz, J Jeffries, TW AF Jin, YS Cruz, J Jeffries, TW TI Xylitol production by a Pichia stipitis D-xylulokinase mutant SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; 2-SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION; D-XYLOSE; DEHYDROGENASE AB Xylitol production by Pichia stipitis FPL-YS30, a xyl3-Delta 1 mutant that metabolizes xylose using an alternative metabolic pathway, was investigated under aerobic and oxygen-limited culture conditions. Under both culture conditions, FPL-YS30 (xyl3-Delta 1) produced a negligible amount of ethanol and converted xylose mainly into xylitol with comparable yields (0.30 and 0.27 g xylitol/g xylose). However, xylose consumption increased five-fold under aerobic compared to oxygen-limited conditions. This suggests that the efficiency of the alternative route of xylose assimilation is affected by respiration. As a result, the FPL-YS30 strain produced 26 g/l of xylitol, and exhibited a higher volumetric productivity (0.22 g xylitol l(-1) h(-1)) under aerobic conditions. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Vigo, Dept Chem Engn, Orense 32004, Spain. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Jin, Yong-Su/L-4530-2013; Cruz Freire, Jose/A-7834-2011 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; Cruz Freire, Jose/0000-0003-1471-9035 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 68 IS 1 BP 42 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s00253-004-1854-5 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 950LY UT WOS:000230859900007 PM 15635458 ER PT J AU Bowen, CK Schuman, GE Olson, RA Ingram, LJ AF Bowen, CK Schuman, GE Olson, RA Ingram, LJ TI Influence of topsoil depth on plant and soil attributes of 24-year old reclaimed mined lands SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mine reclamation; plant diversity; topsoil replacement depth; long-term soil study ID NORTHWEST COLORADO; NITROGEN; REVEGETATION; INFILTRATION; THICKNESS; CARBON; GRASS AB Topsoil replacement on reclaimed mine lands is vital for improved infiltration, plant rooting media, enhanced nutrient cycling, and as a potential source of plant propagules to increase plant community diversity. Varying topsoil depth may influence reclamation success. This study assessed the long-term (24 years) effects of four topsoil replacement depths (0, 20, 40, and 60 cm) on plant community attributes (species richness, diversity, canopy cover, and production) and soil characteristics [ organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), pH, soluble cations, electrical conductivity (EC), and cumulative water infiltration]. Species richness and diversity were highest at the 0 cm topsoil depth and lowest at the 60 cm topsoil depth. Percent canopy cover of grasses was highest (25%) at 60 cm and lowest (15%) at 0 cm topsoil depth. Percent forb cover was highest (6%) at the 0 cm depth and lowest (2%) at 60 cm topsoil depth. Seeded species cover was highest (12%) at the 40 cm depth, but was not significantly different from the other depths. Aboveground biomass was similar between the 40 (727 kg ha(-1)) and 60 cm (787 kg ha(-1)) topsoil depths and higher than the 0 (512 kg ha(-1)) and 20 cm (506 kg ha(-1)) replacement depths. Plant species richness and diversity decreased with increasing topsoil depth, while biomass increased. Organic C mass in the soil profile (75 cm) was greatest in the 60 cm topsoil replacement (18.7 Mg C ha(-1)) and lowest in the 0 and 20 cm treatments (11.3 and 10.5Mg C ha(-1), respectively). N mass (75 cm profile) exhibited a similar pattern with 60 cm of topsoil having the highest (1.9 Mg N ha(-1)) and the 0 and 20 cm the lowest (0.8 Mg N ha(-1) and 0.9 Mg N ha(-1), respectively). Cumulative water infiltration was highest (134 mm) for the 40 cm topsoil depth followed by 60 cm (116 mm), and lowest (61mm) for the 0 cm treatment. Soil N, organic C, and infiltration data indicate topsoil replacement depths of 40 and 60 cm provide the best nutrient status and water storage potential for sustainable reclamation. Placement of shallow topsoil replacement depths should be carefully planned to ensure topsoil thickness is adequate to sustain a vegetative community capable of protecting the soil surface against erosion. Variable topsoil replacement depths can be used in reclamation to manipulate plant community characteristics and create a mosaic of vegetation types. However, the reduced vegetation cover observed at the shallower topsoil depths may not protect against soil erosion; therefore, using variable topsoil depth replacement as a reclamation practice will require careful planning and implementation. C1 ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Navajo Coal Co, BHP Billiton, Fruitland, NM USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Schuman, GE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Jerry.Schuman@ars.usda.gov RI Ingram, Lachlan/E-3529-2013 OI Ingram, Lachlan/0000-0002-4697-9504 NR 56 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 267 EP 284 DI 10.1080/15324980590951441 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 928SJ UT WOS:000229291700005 ER PT J AU Smith, L AF Smith, L TI Host plant specificity and potential impact of Aceria salsolae (Acari : Eriophyidae), an agent proposed for biological control of Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE tumbleweed; mite; biological control of weeds; host range; classical biological control ID NATURAL ENEMY; NORTH-AMERICA; KALI; LEPIDOPTERA; CALIFORNIA; IBERICA; CONVOLVULACEAE; CHENOPODIACEAE; COLEOPHORIDAE; AGRICULTURE AB Russian thistle (common tumbleweed), Salsola tragus (Chenopodiaceae), is an alien weed that is widespread in the western United States. A population of the eriophyid mite, A ceria salsolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), was collected in Greece and evaluated for host plant specificity as a prospective biological control agent. The mite usually does not form galls, but is a vagrant that usually inhabits the crevices of leaf and flower buds. Feeding damage causes meristematic tissue to die, which stunts the plant. The mite was able to multiply only on species in the Salsola section Kali subsection Kali, which includes the alien weeds Salsola collina, Salsola kali, and Salsola paulsenii. It did not damage or multiply on Salsola soda, which is in a different section, nor on Halogeton glomeratus, which is in the same tribe. The mite reduced the size of Russian thistle plants by 66% at 25 weeks post-infestation under artificial conditions. The results indicate that the mite poses negligible risk to nontarget native North American plants or economic plants, and it may substantially reduce the size of Russian thistle plants and their population density. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Smith, L (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lsmith@pw.usda.gov NR 65 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.03.003 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 938MH UT WOS:000230007000010 ER PT J AU Cane, JH Minckley, R Kervin, L Roulston, T AF Cane, JH Minckley, R Kervin, L Roulston, T TI Temporally persistent patterns of incidence and abundance in a pollinator guild at annual and decadal scales: the bees of Larrea tridentata SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE apiformes; apoidea; biogeography; coevolution; desert; diversity; hymenoptera; morisita; null model; similarity ID DESERT BEES; HYMENOPTERA; VISITATION; SELECTION; APOIDEA; SIZE; SPECIALIZATION; ERICACEAE; PHENOLOGY; APIFORMES AB A recent alternative model to conventional coevolution, the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution, posits that reciprocal selection is episodic and local, rather than persistent and spatially extensive. However, little empirical evidence addresses this model's tenets, in particular the temporal stability of local plant-pollinator interactions. We evaluated this tenet using the richly diverse guild of bees at creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), a generalist plant that hosts many specialist bees. We systematically resampled over 2-5 years at 11 sites across the south-western USA. Incidence and abundance also were compared for survey sites sampled 20 2 years earlier. Average Morisita-Horn faunal similarities of local bee guilds was 87% for sequential years and 36% after 20 years. Similarities in taxonomic composition of resampled local bee guilds could be statistically represented as a random assemblage drawn from the regional source pool of 54-68 bee species that could be expected at Larrea, weighted by regional abundance. At every site, only the minority of abundant bee species was typically persistent in local guilds, even after > 20 years. Most bee species in the Larrea guild were chronically uncommon, geographically sporadic and temporally unpredictable, attributes that render them numerically inconsequential as pollinators in their local guild. Persistence among abundant bee species in local pollinator assemblages satisfies one condition by which reciprocal selection could act locally. The well-being of these more abundant core species, and not bee diversity per se, may better characterize the health of such plant-pollinator associations. (c) 2005 The Linnean Society of London. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Virginia, Blandy Exptl Farm, Boyce, VA 22620 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM jcane@biology.usu.edu NR 47 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 85 IS 3 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00502.x PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 945YJ UT WOS:000230538600005 ER PT J AU Calderon, FJ McCarty, GW Reeves, JB AF Calderon, FJ McCarty, GW Reeves, JB TI Analysis of manure and soil nitrogen mineralization during incubation SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE manure; denitrification; nitrification; mineralization; nitrogen ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; CATTLE SLURRY; CARBON MINERALIZATION; OXIDE EMISSIONS; SHEEP MANURE; DENITRIFICATION; IMMOBILIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; DYNAMICS; NITRIFICATION AB Understanding the N-cycling processes that ensue after manuring soil is essential in order to estimate the value of manure as an N fertilizer. A laboratory incubation of manured soil was carried out in order to study N mineralization, gas fluxes, denitrification, and microbial N immobilization after manure application. Four different manures were enclosed in mesh bags to allow for the separate analysis of manure and soil. The soils received 0.15 mg manure N g(-1) soil, and the microcosms were incubated aerobically and sampled throughout a 10-week period. Manure addition resulted in initial NH(4)-N concentrations of 22.1 to 36.6 mg kg(-1) in the microcosms. All manured microcosms had net declines in soil mineral N. Denitrification resulted in the loss of 14.7 to 39.2% of the added manure N, and the largest N losses occurred in manures with high NH(4)-N content. Increased soil microbial biomass N amounted to 6.0 to 8.6% of the added manure N. While the microcosms as a whole had negative N mineralization, all microcosms had positive net nitrification within the manure bags. Gas fluxes of N(2)O and CO(2) increased in all manured soils relative to the controls. Our results show that measurement of microbial biomass N and denitrification is important to understand the fate of manure N upon soil application. C1 USDA, Anim Manure & ByProd Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, USDA, No Plains Area, Akron, CO 80720 USA. ARS, Environm Qual Lab, USDA, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Calderon, FJ (reprint author), USDA, Anim Manure & ByProd Lab, ANRI, Bldg 306,Rm 109,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Francisco.Calderon@npa.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 328 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s00374-005-0843-x PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 931UT UT WOS:000229511700004 ER PT J AU Krutz, LJ Beyrouty, CA Gentry, TJ Wolf, DC Reynolds, CM AF Krutz, LJ Beyrouty, CA Gentry, TJ Wolf, DC Reynolds, CM TI Selective enrichment of a pyrene degrader population and enhanced pyrene degradation in Bermuda grass rhizosphere SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE pyrene; phytoremediation; rhizosphere; Cynodon dactylon; degrader population; biodegradation ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PROBABLE-NUMBER PROCEDURE; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; SOIL SAMPLES; PHYTOREMEDIATION; MINERALIZATION; MICROORGANISMS; ATRAZINE; DISSIPATION; PAHS AB Rhizosphere soil has a more diverse and active microbial community compared to nonvegetated soil. Consequently, the rhizosphere pyrene degrader population (PDP) and pyrene degradation may be enhanced compared to nonvegetated bulk soil (NVB). The objectives of this growth chamber study were to compare ( 1) Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon cv. Guymon) growth in pyrene- contaminated and noncontaminated soils and ( 2) pyrene degradation and PDP among NVB, Bermuda grass bulk ( BB), and Bermuda grass rhizosphere soil ( BR). Soils were amended with pyrene at 0 and 500 mg kg(-1), seeded with Bermuda grass, and thinned to two plants per pot 14 days after planting (DAP). Pyrene degradation was evaluated over 63 days. The PDP was enumerated via a most probable number (MPN) procedure at 63 DAP. Bermuda grass root growth was more sensitive to pyrene contamination than shoot growth. Pyrene degradation followed first-order kinetics. Pyrene degradation was significantly greater in BR compared to BB and NVB with rate constants of 0.082, 0.050, and 0.052 day(-1), respectively. The PDPs were 8.01, 7.30, and 6.83 log(10) MPN g(-1) dry soil for BR, BB, and NVB, respectively. The largest PDP was in soil with the most rapid pyrene degradation. These results indicate that Bermuda grass can grow in pyrene-contaminated soil and enhance pyrene degradation through a rhizosphere effect. C1 ARS, USDA, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SWSRU, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jkrutz@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 22 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 359 EP 364 DI 10.1007/s00374-005-0844-9 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 931UT UT WOS:000229511700008 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Shogren, RL Willett, JL AF Biswas, A Shogren, RL Willett, JL TI Solvent-free process to esterify polysaccharides SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID STARCH; ACETYLATION; CELLULOSE AB A novel process for the preparation of acetates of polysaccharides is described herein. The process involves the acetylation of polysaccharides with acetic anhydride in the presence of iodine as a catalyst. No solvent is required to bring about the acetylation. The method is simple, rapid, and characterized by a high conversion ratio. Conversion of cellulose and starch into their corresponding acetate derivatives has been demonstrated. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Res Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Res Serv, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM biswasa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 13 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1843 EP 1845 DI 10.1021/bm0501757 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 945JI UT WOS:000230498400006 PM 16004418 ER PT J AU Ashby, RD Solaiman, DKY Foglia, TA AF Ashby, RD Solaiman, DKY Foglia, TA TI Synthesis of short-/medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) blends by mixed culture fermentation of glycerol SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-OLEOVORANS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS; LINSEED OIL; POLYESTERS; MASS; POLY(BETA-HYDROXYALKANOATES); POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AB Glycerol was used as a substrate in the bio-production of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) in an effort to establish an alternative outlet for glycerol and produce value-added products. Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-14682 and Pseudomonas corrugata 388 grew and synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) and medium-chain-length PHA (mcl-PHA) consisting primarily of 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C-10.0; 44 +/- 2 mol %) and 3-hydroxydodecenoic acid (C-12:1; 31 +/- 2 mol %), respectively, from glycerol at concentrations up to 5% (v/v). Cellular productivity maximized at 40% for P. oleovorans in 5% (v/v) glycerol and 20% for P. corrugata in 2% (v/v) glycerol after 72 h. Increasing the glycerol media concentration from 1% to 5% (v/v) caused a 61% and 72% reduction in the molar mass (M-n) of the P3HB and mcl-PHA polymers, respectively. Proton-NMR analysis of the glycerol-derived P3HB revealed that the Mn decrease was the result of esterification of glycerol onto the polymer in a chain terminating position. However, no evidence of glycerol-based chain termination was present in the mcl-PHA. The growth patterns of P. oleovorans and P. corrugata on glycerol permitted their use as mixed cultures to produce natural blends of P3HB and mcl-PHA. By incorporating a staggered inoculation pattern and varying the duration of the fermentations, P3HB/mcl-PHA ratios were achieved that varied from 34:66 to 96:4. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ashby, RD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rashby@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 2106 EP 2112 DI 10.1021/bm058005h PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 945JI UT WOS:000230498400039 PM 16004451 ER PT J AU Larrondo, LF Gonzalez, A Perez-Acle, T Cullen, D Vicuna, R AF Larrondo, LF Gonzalez, A Perez-Acle, T Cullen, D Vicuna, R TI The nop gene from Phanerochaete chrysosporium encodes a peroxidase with novel structural features SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE oxidoreductase; peroxidase; Phanerochaete chrysosporium; modeling; molecular dynamics ID ARTHROMYCES-RAMOSUS PEROXIDASE; COPRINUS-CINEREUS PEROXIDASE; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; MULTICOPPER OXIDASE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; FUNGAL PEROXIDASES; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; LACCASE PRODUCTION; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE AB Inspection of the genome of the ligninolytic basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium revealed an unusual peroxidase-like sequence. The corresponding full length cDNA was sequenced and an archetypal secretion signal predicted. The deduced mature protein (NoP, novel peroxidase) contains 295 aa residues and is therefore considerably shorter than other Class II (fungal) peroxidases, such as lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases. Comparative modeling of NoP was conducted using the crystal structures of Coprinus cinereus and Arthromyces ramosus peroxidases as templates. The model was validated by molecular dynamics and showed several novel structural features. In particular, NoP has only three disulfide bridges and tryptophan replaces the distal phenylalanine within the heme pocket. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Santiago, Chile. Inst Milenio Biol Fundamental & Aplicada, Santiago, Chile. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, Santiago, Chile. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Vicuna, R (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. EM rvicuna@bio.puc.cl RI Gonzalez Wong, Angel/B-2492-2010; Perez-Acle, Tomas/F-7176-2012; Larrondo, Luis/A-2916-2013; Larrondo, Luis/J-1086-2016 OI Gonzalez Wong, Angel/0000-0002-2284-8307; Perez-Acle, Tomas/0000-0002-3769-390X; Larrondo, Luis/0000-0002-8832-7109 NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 116 IS 2 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.bpc.2005.03.006 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 939HS UT WOS:000230063900010 PM 15950829 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Hughes, S Maddox, IS Cotta, MA AF Qureshi, N Hughes, S Maddox, IS Cotta, MA TI Energy-efficient recovery of butanol from model solutions and fermentation broth by adsorption SO BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE butanol; adsorption; silicalite; ABE; recovery; polyvinylpyridine ID CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; PRODUCT INHIBITION; ABE FERMENTATION; SILICALITE; PERVAPORATION; REMOVAL; SUBSTRATE; MEMBRANE; REACTOR AB This article discusses the separation of butanol from aqueous solutions and/or fermentation broth by adsorption. Butanol fermentation is also known as acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) or solvent fermentation. Adsorbents such as silicalite, resins (XAD-2, XAD-4, XAD-7, XAD-8, XAD-16), bone charcoal, activated charcoal, bonopore, and polyvinylpyridine have been studied. Use of silicalite appears to be the more attractive as it can be used to concentrate butanol from dilute solutions (5 to 790 - 810 g L-1) and results in complete desorption of butanol ( or ABE). In addition, silicalite can be regenerated by heat treatment. The energy requirement for butanol recovery by adsorption desorption processes has been calculated to be 1,948 kcal kg(-1) butanol as compared to 5,789 kcal kg(-1) butanol by steam stripping distillation. Other techniques such as gas stripping and pervaporation require 5,220 and 3,295 kcal kg(-1) butanol, respectively. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Massey Univ, Inst Engn & Technol, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM qureshin@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 21 TC 165 Z9 175 U1 7 U2 103 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-7591 J9 BIOPROC BIOSYST ENG JI Bioprocess. Biosyst. Eng. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 27 IS 4 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s00449-005-0402-8 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 945GV UT WOS:000230491900001 PM 15744503 ER PT J AU Pimentel, D Hepperly, P Hanson, J Douds, D Seidel, R AF Pimentel, D Hepperly, P Hanson, J Douds, D Seidel, R TI Environmental, energetic, and economic comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE organic; agriculture; conventional ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOIL; AGRICULTURE; DIVERSITY; SUSTAINABILITY; FUNGI; LABOR AB Various organic technologies have been utilized for about 6000 years to make agriculture sustainable while conserving soil, water, energy, and biological resources. Among the benefits of organic technologies are higher soil organic matter and nitrogen, lower fossil energy inputs, yields similar to those of conventional systems, and conservation of soil moisture and water resources (especially advantageous under drought conditions). Conventional agriculture can be made more sustainable and ecologically sound by adopting some traditional organic farming technologies. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Rodale Inst, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Pimentel, D (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dp18@cornell.edu NR 58 TC 356 Z9 383 U1 38 U2 274 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2005 VL 55 IS 7 BP 573 EP 582 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0573:EEAECO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 942CH UT WOS:000230260000010 ER PT J AU Porter, E Blett, T Potter, DU Huber, C AF Porter, E Blett, T Potter, DU Huber, C TI Protecting resources on federal lands: Implications of critical loads for atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; critical load; target load; ecosystem threshold; land management ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; STREAMS; ACIDIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; VIRGINIA; PROGRAM; FORESTS AB Critical loads area potentially important tool for protecting ecosystems from atmospheric deposition and for promoting recovery. Exceeding critical loads for nitrogen and sulfur can cause ecosystem acidification, nitrogen saturation, and biotic community changes. Critical loads are widely used to set policy for resource protection in Europe and Canada, yet the United States has no similar national strategy. We believe that ecosystem science and resource protection policies arc sufficiently advanced in the United States to establish critical loads for federal lands. Communication and interaction between federal area managers and scientists will ensure that critical loads arc useful for assessing ecosystem conditions, influencing land management decisions, and informing the public about the status of natural resources. Critical loads may also be used to inform air pollution policy in the United States, regardless of whether critical loads are directly linked to air quality regulations and emissions reductions agreements, as they are in Europe. C1 Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, SW Reg, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. US Forest Serv, George Washington Natl Forests, Roanoke, VA 24019 USA. US Forest Serv, Jefferson Natl Forests, Roanoke, VA 24019 USA. RP Porter, E (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, POB 25287, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ellen_porter@nps.gov NR 43 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2005 VL 55 IS 7 BP 603 EP 612 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0603:PROFLI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 942CH UT WOS:000230260000013 ER PT J AU Waes, JG Starr, L Maddox, J Aleman, F Voss, KA Wilberding, J Riley, RT AF Waes, JG Starr, L Maddox, J Aleman, F Voss, KA Wilberding, J Riley, RT TI Maternal fumonisin exposure and risk for neural tube defects: Mechanisms in an in vivo mouse model SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 21-25, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Soc Toxicol DE fumonisin; neural tube defects; folate; sphingolipids; lipid raft; ganglioside GM1 ID STAGED RAT EMBRYOS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; FOLATE RECEPTOR; FOLIC-ACID; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SYRIAN-HAMSTERS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BIRTH-DEFECTS; LIDGAP DEFECT AB BACKGROUND: Fumonisin B1 (FBI) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, a common contaminant of corn worldwide. FBI disrupts sphingolipid biosynthesis by inhibiting the enzyme ceramide synthase, resulting in an elevation of free sphingoid bases and depletion of downstream glycosphingolipids. A relationship between maternal ingestion of FB1-contaminated corn during early pregnancy and increased risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) has recently been proposed in human populations around the world where corn is a dietary staple. The current studies provide an in vivo mouse model of FBI teratogenicity. METHODS: Pregnant LM/Bc mice were injected with increasing doses of FB1 on GD 7.5 and 8.5, and exposed fetuses were examined for malformations. Sphingolipid profiles and H-3-folate concentrations were measured in maternal and fetal tissues. Immunohistochemical expression of the GPI-anchored folate receptor (Folbp1) and its association with the lipid raft component, ganglioside GM1, were characterized. Rescue experiments were performed with maternal folate supplementation or administration of gangliosides. RESULTS: Maternal FBI administration (20 mg/kg of body weight) during early gestation resulted in 79% NTDs in exposed fetuses. Sphingolipid profiles were significantly altered in maternal and embryonic tissues following exposure, and 3 H-folate levels and immunohistochemical expression of Folbp1 were reduced. Maternal folate supplementation partially rescued the NTD phenotype, whereas GM1 significantly restored folate concentrations and afforded almost complete protection against FB1-induced NTDs. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal FBI exposure altered sphingolipid metabolism and folate concentrations in LM/Bc mice, resulting in a dose-dependent increase in NTDs that could be prevented when adequate folate levels were maintained. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Genet Cell Biol & Anat, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Waes, JG (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Genet Cell Biol & Anat, 985455 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM jvanwaes@unmc.cdu NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 73 IS 7 BP 487 EP 497 DI 10.1002/bdra.20148 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 949IX UT WOS:000230779700009 ER PT J AU Phillips, BM Nicely, PA Hunt, JW Anderson, BS Tjeerdema, RS Palmer, FH AF Phillips, BM Nicely, PA Hunt, JW Anderson, BS Tjeerdema, RS Palmer, FH TI Tolerance of five west coast marine toxicity test organisms to ammonia SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION EVALUATIONS; SEDIMENT C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Pollut Studies Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. State Water Resource Control Board, Ocean Standards Div, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Phillips, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Pollut Studies Lab, 34500 Coast Route 1, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 75 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s00128-005-0713-0 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 949KG UT WOS:000230784200004 PM 16228868 ER PT J AU Gries, R Schaefer, PW Yoo, HJS Greaves, M Gries, G AF Gries, R Schaefer, PW Yoo, HJS Greaves, M Gries, G TI (Z,E)-6,8-heneicosadien-11-one: major sexpheromone component of Orgyia vetusta (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENT; PAINTED APPLE MOTH; FIR TUSSOCK MOTH; TEIA-ANARTOIDES; (Z,Z)-6,9-HENEICOSADIEN-11-ONE; IDENTIFICATION; ACETATE C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. USDA, ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM gries@sfu.ca RI Yoo, Ho Jung/N-7069-2013 OI Yoo, Ho Jung/0000-0001-9677-0947 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 137 IS 4 BP 471 EP 475 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 970GM UT WOS:000232293300009 ER PT J AU Concilio, A Ma, SY Li, QL LeMoine, J Chen, JQ North, M Moorhead, D Jensen, R AF Concilio, A Ma, SY Li, QL LeMoine, J Chen, JQ North, M Moorhead, D Jensen, R TI Soil respiration response to prescribed burning and thinning in mixed-conifer and hardwood forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN MISSOURI OZARKS; DOMINANT PATCH TYPES; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OLD-GROWTH; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; INTERIOR ALASKA; CO2 EVOLUTION; CARBON; LANDSCAPE AB The effects of management on soil carbon efflux in different ecosystems are still largely unknown yet crucial to both our understanding and management of global carbon flux. To compare the effects of common forest management practices on soil carbon cycling, we measured soil respiration rate (SRR) in a mixed-conifer and hardwood forest that had undergone various treatments from June to August 2003. The mixed-conifer forest, located in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, had been treated with thinning and burning manipulations in 2001, and the hardwood forest, located in the southeastern Missouri Ozarks, had been treated with harvesting manipulations in 1996 and 1997. Litter depth, soil temperature, and soil moisture were also measured. We found that selective thinning produced a similar effect on both forests by elevating SRR, soil moisture, and soil temperature, although the magnitude of response was greater in the mixed-conifer forest. Selective harvest increased SRR by 43% (from 3.38 to 4.82 mu mol center dot m(-2 center dot)s(-1)) in the mixed-conifer forest and by 14% (from 4.25 to 4.84 mu mol center dot m(-2 center dot)s(-1)) in the hardwood forest. Burning at the conifer site and even-aged harvesting at the mixed-hardwood site did not produce significantly different SRR from controls. Mean SRR were 3.24, 3.42, and 4.52 mu mol center dot m(-2 center dot)s(-1), respectively. At both sites, manipulations did significantly alter SRR by changing litter depth, soil structure, and forest microclimate. SRR response varied by vegetation patch type, the scale at which treatments altered these biotic factors. Our findings provide forest managers first-hand information on the response of soil carbon efflux to various management strategies in different forests. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Ellington, MO 63638 USA. RP Concilio, A (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM amy.concilio@utoledo.edu RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 51 TC 32 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1581 EP 1591 DI 10.1139/X05-091 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 964NM UT WOS:000231887800006 ER PT J AU Finney, MA McHugh, CW Grenfell, IC AF Finney, MA McHugh, CW Grenfell, IC TI Stand- and landscape-level effects of prescribed burning on two Arizona wildfires SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; FIRE HAZARD REDUCTION; CROWN FIRE; MANAGEMENT; SEVERITY; SPREAD; FUEL; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR AB Performance of fuel treatments in modifying behavior and effects of the largest wildfires has rarely been evaluated, because the necessary data on fire movement, treatment characteristics, and fire severity were not obtainable together. Here we analyzed satellite imagery and prescribed fire records from two Arizona wildfires that occurred in 2002, finding that prescribed fire treatments reduced wildfire severity and changed its progress. Prescribed burning in ponderosa pine forests 1-9 years before the Rodeo and Chediski fires reduced fire severity compared with untreated areas, despite the unprecedented 1860-km(2) combined wildfire sizes and record drought. Fire severity increased with time since treatment but decreased with unit size and number of repeated prescribed burn treatments. Fire progression captured by Landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) clearly showed the fire circumventing treatment units and protecting areas on their lee side. This evidence is consistent with model predictions that suggest wildland fire size and severity can be mitigated by strategic placement of treatments. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Finney, MA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM mfinney@fs.fed.us NR 54 TC 116 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1714 EP 1722 DI 10.1139/X05-090 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 964NM UT WOS:000231887800019 ER PT J AU Yu, Q McKeand, SE Nelson, CD Li, B Sherrill, JR Mullin, TJ AF Yu, Q McKeand, SE Nelson, CD Li, B Sherrill, JR Mullin, TJ TI Differences in wood density and growth of fertilized and nonfertilized loblolly pine associated with a mutant gene, cad-n1 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; TAEDA L; DEFICIENT; LIGNIFICATION; INHERITANCE; TRANSITION; JUVENILE; MUTATION AB A rare mutant allele (cad-n1) of the cad gene in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) causes a deficiency in the production of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Effects associated with this allele were examined by comparing wood density and growth traits of cad-n1 heterozygous trees with those of wild-type trees in a 10-year-old open-pollinated family trial growing under two levels of fertilization in Scotland County, North Carolina. In all, 200 trees were sampled, with 100 trees for each fertilizer treatment. Wood density measurements were collected from wood cores at breast height using X-ray densitometry. We found that the substitution of a cad-n1 for a wild-type allele (Cad) was associated with a significant effect on wood density. The cad-n1 heterozygotes had a significantly higher wood density (+2.6%) compared with wild-type trees. The higher density was apparently due to the higher percentage of latewood in the heterozygotes. The fertilization effect was highly significant for both growth and wood density traits. This study indicates that the cad-n1 allele could be a valuable gene to the pulp and paper industry for the purpose of enhancing pulp yields by increasing wood density. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Yu, Q (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Campus Box 8002, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM qibin_yu@ncsu.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1723 EP 1730 DI 10.1139/X05-103 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 964NM UT WOS:000231887800020 ER PT J AU Ximenes, EA Chen, HZ Kataeva, IA Cotta, MA Felix, CR Ljungdahl, LG Li, XL AF Ximenes, EA Chen, HZ Kataeva, IA Cotta, MA Felix, CR Ljungdahl, LG Li, XL TI A mannanase, ManA, of the polycentric anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp strain PC-2 has carbohydrate binding and docking modules SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Orpinomyces; anaerobic fungi; mannanase; cellulose-binding module; cellulosome ID TRICHODERMA-REESEI; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE-I; GENE DUPLICATION; BETA-MANNANASE; NEOCALLIMASTIX-FRONTALIS; AGARICUS-BISPORUS; ENDOGLUCANASE-I; CELLULOSE; DOMAIN AB The anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 produces a broad spectrum of glycoside hydrolases, most of which are components of a high molecular mass cellulosomal complex. Here we report about a cDNA (manA) having 1924 bp isolated from the fungus and found to encode a polypeptide of 579 amino acid residues. Analysis of the deduced sequence revealed that it had a mannanase catalytic module, a family 1 carbohydrate-binding module, and a noncatalytic docking module. The catalytic module was homologous to aerobic fungal mannanases belonging to family 5 glycoside hydrolases, but unrelated to the previously isolated mannanases (family 26) of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces. No mannanase activity could be detected in Escherichia coli harboring a manA-containing plasmid. The manA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and ManA was secreted into the culture medium in multiple forms. The purified extracellular heterologous mannanase hydrolyzed several types of mannan but lacked activity against cellulose, chitin, or beta-glucan. The enzyme had high specific activity toward locust bean mannan and an extremely broad pH profile. It was stable for several hours at 50 degrees C, but was rapidly inactivated at 60 degrees C. The carbohydrate-binding module of the Man A produced separately in E. coli bound preferably to insoluble lignocellulosic substrates, suggesting that it might play an important role in the complex enzyme system of the fungus for lignocellulose degradation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Brasilia, Lab Enzimol, Dept Biol Celular, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. US FDA, Div Microbiol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Biol Resource Recovery, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lix@ncaur.usda.gov RI Ximenes, Eduardo/G-5323-2013; OI Ximenes, Eduardo/0000-0001-9087-0218; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 51 IS 7 BP 559 EP 568 DI 10.1139/W05-033 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 965YB UT WOS:000231985700005 PM 16175204 ER PT J AU Okubara, PA Schroeder, KL Paulitz, TC AF Okubara, PA Schroeder, KL Paulitz, TC TI Real-time polymerase chain reaction: applications to studies on soilborne pathogens SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE molecular beacon; Phytophthora; Pythium; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; real-time chemistry; Scorpion (TM) ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR; MOLECULAR BEACONS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; POTATO-TUBERS; SPONGOSPORA-SUBTERRANEA; PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SCORPION PRIMERS AB Real-time, or quantitative, polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR), offers a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for the diagnosis of plant pathogens in soil, water, air, and plant samples. Fluorescence is used to monitor the accumulation of the PCR product after each PCR cycle. The fluorescence data are used to extrapolate the amount of target DNA present in the sample before amplification so that detection and quantification are achieved in a single assay. Detection limits are generally in the femtogram range for purified pathogen DNA, in the picogram range for pathogen DNA in plant samples, and one to several spores for soil samples. Quantification is reliable over a dynamic range of five to seven orders of magnitude of target DNA, in which differences of two fold or more in target DNA can be detected. Real-time PCR has already been recognized as a valuable tool for epidemiological studies, disease management, detection of emerging pathogens, evaluation of resistance and tolerance to disease, and phytosanitary screens. In this review, we compare four major real-time chemistries that have been used for the detection and quantification of soilborne plant pathogens and discuss the advantages and limitations of TaqMan (TM) and SYBR (TM) green 1, the most widely used chemistries. Current applications of real-time PCR to the diagnosis of plant pathogens in soil and plant samples, considerations for assay development, and variations in measurements are also discussed. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Okubara, PA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, 367A Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM pokubara@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 83 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 300 EP 313 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 981GG UT WOS:000233075000001 ER PT J AU Chen, XM AF Chen, XM TI Epidemiology and control of stripe rust [Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici] on wheat SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Review DE disease control; epidemiology; formae speciales; races; Puccinia striiformis; resistance; stripe rust; wheat; yellow rust ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; ANALOG POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; YELLOW-RUST; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; LEAF RUST; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA AB Stripe rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. This review presents basic and recent information on the epidemiology of stripe rust, changes in pathogen virulence and population structure, and movement of the pathogen in the United States and around the world. The impact and causes of recent epidemics in the United States and other countries are discussed. Research on plant resistance to disease, including types of resistance, genes, and molecular markers, and on the use of fungicides are summarized, and strategies for more effective control of the disease are discussed. C1 Washington State Univ, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@mail.wsu.edu NR 144 TC 349 Z9 440 U1 7 U2 102 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 314 EP 337 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 981GG UT WOS:000233075000002 ER PT J AU Fisher, AJ DiTomaso, JM Gordon, TR AF Fisher, AJ DiTomaso, JM Gordon, TR TI Conidial morphology and ecological characteristics as diagnostic tools for identifying Claviceps purpurea from salt-marsh habitats SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE ergot; Claviceps purpurea; Spartina; cereal grains; conidial morphology; salt-marsh habitats ID POPULATIONS AB Claviceps purpurea associated with grass hosts in salt-marsh habitats, also known as G3 ergot, can be differentiated from C. purpurea infecting grasses in other habitats, using genetic, chemical, and morphological criteria. However, only morphological analysis can be preformed on herbarium specimens, which should not be destroyed, or older samples that cannot be grown in culture. To determine if conidial characteristics could be employed to identify the three infraspecific groups of C. purpurea (G1-G3), sclerotia from terrestrial grasses (G1), moist habitats (G2), and salt-marsh habitats (G3) were examined. All G1 sclerotia sank in water. All G3 sclerotia floated in water, except those from Washington State, which had variable buoyancy characteristics. Group 2 sclerotia did not float in water, except those collected from Calamagrostis nutkaensis and Ammophila breviligulata. Based on the length of conidia derived from a plant host, G1 samples are indistinguishable from G2 samples but are significantly different from G3. Conidia produced in culture were on average smaller than conidia produced on plant hosts. These results indicate that ecological and conidial characteristics can be used to distinguish G3 from G1, but cannot consistently separate either from G2. C1 USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fisher, AJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM afisher@pw.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 389 EP 395 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 981GG UT WOS:000233075000009 ER PT J AU Strausbaugh, CA Overturf, K Koehn, AC AF Strausbaugh, CA Overturf, K Koehn, AC TI Pathogenicity and real-time PCR detection of Fusarium spp. in wheat and barley roots SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Fusarium spp.; fusarium root rot; quantitative detection; trichothecene; wheat; barley ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; WINTER-WHEAT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CROWN ROT; FOOT ROT; ASSAYS; TRICHOTHECENE; CULMORUM; DISEASES; GRAMINEARUM AB The pathogenicity of five Fusarium spp. frequently isolated from wheat and barley roots in southern Idaho was investigated during four growth-chamber experiments and two field studies. A real-time PCR assay for quantifying the presence of E culmorum from infected root tissue was also developed based on nucleotide sequence for the tri5 gene. Fusarium culmorum, followed by E acuminatum and E reticulatum, resulted in the largest root lesions and percent infected root area. However, E semitectum, followed by E acuminatum and F equiseti, had the greatest impact on total root length. The TaqMan-based real-time assay was able to quantify E culmorum in root tissue from both growth-chamber and field studies down to 61 pg. The assay also detected E pseudograminearum and F grantinearum but could not distinguish among these three Fusarium spp. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Strausbaugh, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM carls@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 430 EP 438 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 981GG UT WOS:000233075000014 ER PT J AU Olanya, OM Lambert, DH Plant, AB AF Olanya, OM Lambert, DH Plant, AB TI Occurrence and cross-infection of Phytophthora infestans on hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Maine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE hairy nightshade; potato; Phytophthora infestans; inoculum; cross-inoculation; Maine ID INOCULATION AB Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a significant disease in all potato-growing regions of the world. Identification of additional hosts is critical for understanding potential sources of inoculum. In 2004, late blight was observed on leaves and stems of hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides), a common weed in many potato fields in Maine. Diseased nightshade plants were detected in 2 of 18 locations having potato late blight. Lesions from diseased nightshade leaves ranged from 0.25 to 9 cm(2) and, on diseased stems, the range of lesion length was 4.5 to 13.8 cm. Isolations from diseased samples and microscopic observations confirmed the presence of P. infestans. Based on allozyme analysis, 27 representative isolates of P infestans from hairy nightshade were identified as the US 8 genotype. Pathogenicity tests and Koch's postulates were satisfied by inoculating intact plant and detached nightshade leaves with R infestans isolated from hairy nightshade. Cross-infection of nightshade, potato leaves ('Shepody'), and potato tubers ('Yukon Gold') occurred when the inoculum source was either hairy nightshade or potato. When the inoculum source was hairy nightshade, the mean infection frequency at 18 degrees C was 50% and 67% on hairy nightshade and potato leaves, respectively. Inoculation with Phytophthora infestans isolated from potato resulted in average infection frequencies of 73% and 83% on nightshade and potato, respectively. These results suggest that hairy nightshade may be an inoculum source for late blight in potato fields. Management practices for controlling hairy nightshade would benefit potato production. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soils & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Cooperat Extens, Presque Isle, ME 04769 USA. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Modesto@maine.edu NR 6 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 458 EP 460 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 981GG UT WOS:000233075000018 ER PT J AU Fulton, RW Briggs, RE Ridpath, JF Saliki, JT Confer, AW Payton, ME Duff, GC Step, DL Walker, DA AF Fulton, RW Briggs, RE Ridpath, JF Saliki, JT Confer, AW Payton, ME Duff, GC Step, DL Walker, DA TI Transmission of Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b to susceptible and vaccinated calves by exposure to persistently infected calves SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; CATTLE; BVDV; GENOTYPES; 1A AB Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) persistently infected (PI) calves represent significant sources of infection to susceptible cattle. The objectives of this study were to determine if PI calves transmitted infection to vaccinated and unvaccinated calves, to determine if BVDV vaccine strains could be differentiated from the PI field strains by subtyping molecular techniques, and if there were different rates of recovery from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) versus serums for acutely infected calves. Calves PI with BVDV1b were placed in pens with nonvaccinated and vaccinated calves for 35 d. Peripheral blood leukocytes, serums, and nasal swabs were collected for viral isolation and serology. In addition, transmission of Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1), Parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3V), and Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was monitored during the 35 d observation period. Bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 1b was transmitted to both vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves, including BVDV1b seronegative and seropositive calves, after exposure to PI calves. There was evidence of transmission by viral isolation from PBL, nasal swabs, or both, and seroconversions to BVDV1b. For the unvaccinated calves, 83.2% seroconverted to BVDV1b. The high level of transmission by PI calves is illustrated by seroconversion rates of nonvaccinated calves in individual pens: 70% to 100% seroconversion to the BVDV1b. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from 45 out of 202 calves in this study. These included BVDV1b in ranch and order buyer (OB) calves, plus BVDV strains identified as vaccinal strains that were in modified live virus (MLV) vaccines given to half the OB calves 3 d prior to the study. The BVDV1b isolates in exposed calves were detected between collection days 7 and 21 after exposure to PI calves. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was recovered more frequently from PBL than serum in acutely infected calves. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was also isolated from the lungs of 2 of 7 calves that were dying with pulmonary lesions. Two of the calves dying with pneumonic lesions in the study had been BVDV1b viremic prior to death. Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b was isolated from both calves that received the killed or MLV vaccines. There were cytopathic (CP) strains isolated from MLV vaccinated calves during the same time frame as the BVDV1b isolations. These viruses were typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genetic sequencing, and most CP were confirmed as vaccinal origin. A BVDV2 NCP strain was found in only 1 OB calf, on multiple collections, and the calf seroconverted to BVDV2. This virus was not identical to the BVDV2 CP 296 vaccine strain. The use of subtyping is required to differentiate vaccinal strains from the field strains. This study detected 2 different vaccine strains, the BVDV1b in PI calves and infected contact calves, and a heterologous BVDV2 subtype brought in as an acutely infected calf. The MLV vaccination, with BVDV1a and BVDV2 components, administered 3 d prior to exposure to PI calves did not protect 100% against BVDV1b viremias or nasal shedding. There were other agents associated with the bovine respiratory disease signs and lesions in this study including Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma spp., PI-3V, BRSV, and BHV-1. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Clayton Res Ctr, Clayton, NM 88415 USA. RP Fulton, RW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM rfulton@okstate.edu NR 15 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 3 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 161 EP 169 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 954FS UT WOS:000231140100001 PM 16187545 ER PT J AU Huang, HS Rendulich, J Stevenson, D O'Rourke, K Balachandran, A AF Huang, HS Rendulich, J Stevenson, D O'Rourke, K Balachandran, A TI Evaluation of Western blotting methods using samples with or without sodium phosphotungstic acid precipitation for diagnosis of scrapie and chronic wasting disease SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; RESISTANT PRION PROTEIN; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; IMMUNOBLOTTING PROCEDURE; AFFECTED SHEEP; BSE; AUTOLYSIS; PRPSC; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; FIBRILS AB The purpose of this study was to enhance the sensitivity of the Western blot (WB) test for use as an alternative and confirmatory method for the diagnosis of scrapie and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Canada by comparing 2 sample preparation procedures: an abnormal prion protein (PrPSc) concentration procedure using sodium phosphotungstic acid (PTA) precipitation and a procedure using crude sample without precipitation. A total of 100 cerebrum samples (52 sheep and 48 elk), including 66 negative (31 sheep, 35 elk) and 34 positive (21 scrapie and 13 CWD positive) samples diagnosed by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) and medulla oblongata at obex, were tested by using WB with the 2 sample preparation procedures. The WB using non-PTA enriched sample (crude extract) detected, on average, only 71.7% (9 of 15, 60.0% for scrapie, 5 of 6, 83.3% for CWD) of the samples that tested positive by using WB with PTA enriched samples. No case was positive by WB using crude extract but negative by WB using PTA enriched sample. No false positive was found. Serial dilution of PTA precipitated samples demonstrated that the technique increases the detection limit approximately 100 fold. Additionally, the comparison of the WB and IHC on cerebrum from all the positive cases demonstrated that WB following PTA precipitation and IHC had 100% agreement by detecting 6 positive for CWD on cerebrum; while IHC detected scrapie in only 14 out of 15 positive cerebrum samples by using WB following PTA precipitation. Phosphotungstic acid precipitation is therefore a useful adjunct to WB analysis of scrapie and CWD and tissues. C1 Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Inst Anim Dis Res, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, Nepean, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. RP Huang, HS (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Inst Anim Dis Res, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, 3851 Fallowfield Rd, Nepean, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. EM huangho@inspection.gc.ca NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 193 EP 199 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 954FS UT WOS:000231140100005 PM 16187549 ER PT J AU Saalmuller, A Lunney, JK Daubenberger, C Davis, W Fischer, U Gobel, TW Griebel, P Hollemweguer, E Lasco, T Meister, R Schuberth, HJ Sestak, K Sopp, P Steinbach, F Wu, XW Aasted, B AF Saalmuller, A Lunney, JK Daubenberger, C Davis, W Fischer, U Gobel, TW Griebel, P Hollemweguer, E Lasco, T Meister, R Schuberth, HJ Sestak, K Sopp, P Steinbach, F Wu, XW Aasted, B TI Summary of the animal homologue section of HLDA8 SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens CY 2004 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA DE animal homologues; CD molecules; cross-reactivity; veterinary immunology; evolution ID LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP; CROSS-REACTIVITY; BOVINE CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; CD4 AB Development of reagents against leukocyte differentiation antigens in veterinary immunology is slower compared to humans and mice. Cross-reactivity studies with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) generated against human molecules represent an excellent approach for the detection of new reagents for the minor characterised species. Three hundred seventy-seven commercially available mAb from different companies were tested for their reactivity with cells from 17 species-including non-human primates, ruminants, swine, horse, carnivores, rabbit, guinea pig, chicken and fish. In a first round of testing by flow cytometry (FCM) 182 mAb showed reactivity with atleast one of the species described above. Most of the cross-reactivity was found against non-human primate leukocytes, but also species in evolutionarily more distant from humans showed in some cases a clear staining pattern in flow cytometry (FCM). In a seeond round these FCM-results were confirmed by molecular analyses, by immunoprecipitation studies and analyses on transfectants. Interesting was the broad species-overlapping reactivity of mAb directed against CD9 (11 out of 17 species), CD11a (11/17), CD14 (11/17) CD18 (13/17), CD21 (7/17), CD29 (10/17), CD44 (13/17), CD45 (9/17), CD47 (10/17), and CD49d (13/17), CD61 (6/17), CD86 (7/17), CD91 (5/17), and CD172a (10/17), indicating evolutionary highly conserved epitopes on these surface molecules. Our results suggest the suitability of crossreactive mAb for the animal model studies. Moreover, these findings contribute to our understanding of the evolution of the immune system. Supported by the Veterinary Immunology Committee of IUIS. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Vet Univ Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. USDA, ARS, APDL, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. BD Biosci Pharmingen, San Diego, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Sch Vet Med, D-3000 Hannover, Germany. Tulane Natl Primate Res Ctr, Covington, LA USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton, England. Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Berlin, Germany. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Saalmuller, A (reprint author), Vet Univ Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. EM armin.saalmueller@vu-wien.ac.at RI Gobel, Thomas/A-9919-2009; Steinbach, Falko/C-8249-2011; OI Saalmuller, Armin/0000-0002-7703-3252 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI054146] NR 14 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 236 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.08.009 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 998MS UT WOS:000234323600009 PM 16198325 ER PT J AU Champagne, ET Bett-Garber, KL Thompson, J Mutters, R Grimm, CC McClung, AM AF Champagne, ET Bett-Garber, KL Thompson, J Mutters, R Grimm, CC McClung, AM TI Effects of drain and harvest dates on rice sensory and physicochemical properties SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MILLED-RICE; COOKED RICE; PADDY RICE; TEXTURE; AMYLOSE; TIME AB Timing of field draining and harvesting of rice with meteorological conditions can allow growers to foster conditions for high head rice yield (HRY). The effects of timing of draining and harvesting on rice sensory and physicochemical properties are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of varying drain and harvest dates on the sensory and physicochemical properties of M-202 grown in California under controlled field conditions. Drain date had a significant (P < 0.05), but very small, effect on amylose and protein contents, with amylose being highest at the late drain date and protein being the lowest at the early drain date. Breakdown and setback were lowest for early and normal drain dates, respectively; however, no significant (P > 0.05) differences in texture were measured as a result of these parameters being low. Drain date did not affect the volatile composition or flavor of the rice. Harvest date had no effect (P > 0.05) on amylose content and a significant (P < 0.05), but very small, effect on protein content. Harvesting at the earliest date (9/30) resulted in rice with higher setback and lower breakdown than at the last date (10/16) and, subsequently, the early harvested rice, when cooked, was harder, more cohesive, and absorbed less saliva in the mouth. However, the differences in texture measured by the panelists were very small and would possibly not be noticed by untrained palates. The lowest levels of the lipid oxidation products 1-pentanol, hexanal, and nonanal occurred in rice with the lowest harvest moisture content (HMC): rice harvested on 10/13 and 10/16. Differences in levels of lipid oxidation products and branched chain hydrocarbons did not lead to significant (P > 0.05) differences in flavor. In summary, M202 demonstrated stable composition, physicochemical properties, flavor, and texture across drain and harvest dates. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX USA. RP Champagne, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM etchamp@srrc.ars.usda.gov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0369 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 945UT UT WOS:000230528400005 ER PT J AU Bechtel, DB Wilson, JD AF Bechtel, DB Wilson, JD TI Endosperm structural changes in wheat during drying of maturing caryopses SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RED WINTER WHEATS; STARCHY ENDOSPERM; DEVELOPING HARD; ENVIRONMENT; QUALITY; SOFT; ULTRASTRUCTURE; GENOTYPE; TEXTURE; PROTEIN AB A transmission electron microscopic ITEM) study was conducted on maturing wheat to determine the sequences of events involved during the drying of preripe starchy endosperm. Field-grown hard red winter wheat Karl and soft red winter wheat Clark were harvested at 21 days after flowering (DAF) and air-dried in the spike at 20 degrees C for 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hr and until completely air-dried (7 days). Fresh samples of Karl and Clark were also harvested and prepared immediately for microscopy. Both wheat cultivars underwent similar changes during drying. Few changes were observed during the first 8 hr of drying. By 12 hr after the start of drying, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) was distended and circularized. Protein bodies were irregular in shape and small autophagic vacuoles were found in the cytoplasm. An amorphous material was first observed in areas of the cytoplasm after 24 hr of drying. RER was typically associated with those regions. Endosperm tissue looked nearly mature after 48 hr of drying. Artificially induced senescence caused by harvesting wheat spikes prematurely caused the endosperm tissue to undergo a number of changes that resulted in the tissue looking normal when compared with wheat that was not prematurely harvested. This suggests that the wheat plant has great capacity to develop normally when subjected to environmental stresses. The methods used in this study can be used to investigate endosperm structural changes caused by adverse environmental stress. C1 USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Bechtel, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 385 EP 389 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0385 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 945UT UT WOS:000230528400007 ER PT J AU Schober, TJ Messerschmidt, M Bean, SR Park, SH Arendt, EK AF Schober, TJ Messerschmidt, M Bean, SR Park, SH Arendt, EK TI Gluten-free bread from sorghum: Quality differences among hybrids SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CELIAC-DISEASE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CASSAVA STARCH; SPELT WHEAT; RICE FLOUR; PRODUCTS; PENTOSANS; GRAIN; FORMULATION; TEXTURE AB Gluten-free breadmaking quality of 10 sorghum flours was compared using (relative basis) decorticated sorghum flour (70), corn starch (30), water (105), salt (1.75), sugar (1), and dried yeast (2). Batter consistency was standardized by varying water levels to achieve the same force during extrusion. Crumb properties were evaluated by digital image analysis and texture profile analysis (TPA). Significant differences (P < 0.001) in crumb grain were found among the hybrids with mean cell area ranging from 1.3 to 3.3 mm(2) and total number of cells ranging from 13.5 to 27.8/cm(2). TPA hardness values of the crumb also varied significantly (P < 0.001). Based on significant correlations (P < 0.01), starch damage, influenced by kernel hardness, was identified as a key element for these differences. Breads differed little in volume, height, bake loss, and water activity. Investigation of added ingredients on bread quality was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) with two sorghum hybrids of opposite quality. Addition of xanthan gum (0.3-1.2% flour weight basis [fwb]) and skim milk powder (1.2-4.8% fwb) and varying water levels (100-115% fwb) were tested using a central composite design. Increasing water levels increased loaf specific volume, while increasing xanthan gum levels decreased the volume. As skim milk powder levels increased, loaf height decreased. Quality differences between the hybrids were maintained throughout the RSM. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Food & Nutr Sci, Cork, Ireland. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Natl Food Biotechnol Ctr, Cork, Ireland. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Appl Sci, Dept Food Technol, Fulda, Germany. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Schober, TJ (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Food & Nutr Sci, Coll Rd, Cork, Ireland. EM tilman.schober@gmprc.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 41 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 394 EP 404 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0394 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 945UT UT WOS:000230528400009 ER PT J AU Yang, P Haken, AE Niu, Y Chaney, SR Hicks, KB Eckhoff, SR Tumbleson, ME Singh, V AF Yang, P Haken, AE Niu, Y Chaney, SR Hicks, KB Eckhoff, SR Tumbleson, ME Singh, V TI Effect of steeping with sulfite salts and adjunct acids on corn wet-milling yields and starch properties SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID; RECOVERY AB Two corn hybrids (3394 and 33R87) were steeped with three sulfite salts and five acids to test the effect of sulfur dioxide (SO,) source and acid sources on wet-milling yields and starch properties. Milling yields from each treatment were compared with a control sample that was steeped with 2,000 ppm Of SO2 (using sodium metabisulfite) and 0.55% lactic acid. Sulfur dioxide sources were potassium sulfite, sodium sulfite, and ammonium sulfite; acids were acetic, hydrochloric, oxalic, phos-phoric, and sulfuric. Starch yields were affected by the SO2 source and steep acids but the effects were hybrid-dependent. Different steep acids gave different starch yields when wet milled at the same pH. Among the acids tested, weak acids (lactic and acetic) tended to give higher starch yields compared with strong acids (hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, and oxalic). Some differences were observed with different sulfite salts and acids on starch pasting properties; however, there were no clear trends. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@uiuc.edu RI Eckhoff, Steven/F-2505-2010 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 420 EP 424 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0420 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 945UT UT WOS:000230528400012 ER PT J AU Rosentrater, KA Richard, TL Bern, CJ Flores, RA AF Rosentrater, KA Richard, TL Bern, CJ Flores, RA TI Small-scale extrusion of corn masa by-products SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXTRUDED PRODUCTS; SOY PROTEIN; COOKING; DIGESTIBILITY; INGREDIENTS; TORTILLAS; CEREALS; SORGHUM; STREAMS; FEED AB cosity, and dough density, were monitored during extrusion. The resulting products were subjected to physical and nutritional characterization to determine the effects of processing conditions for these blends. Extrudate analysis included moisture content, water activity, crude protein, in vitro protein digestibility, crude fat, ash, product diameter, expansion ratios, unit and true density, color, water absorption and solubility, and durability. All blends were suitable for extrusion at the processing conditions used. Blend ratio had little effect on either processing parameters or extrudate properties; extrusion temperature and screw speed, on the other hand, significantly affected both processing and product properties.Corn masa by-product streams are high in fiber and are amenable for utilization in livestock feed rations. This approach is a potentially viable alternative to landfilling, the traditional disposal method for these processing residues. Suspended solids were separated from a masa processing waste stream, blended with soybean meal at four levels (0, 10, 20, and 30% wb), and extruded in a laboratory-scale extruder at speeds of 50 rpm (5.24 rad/sec) and 100 rpm (10.47 rad/sec) with temperature profiles of 80-90-100 degrees C and 100-110-120 degrees C. Processing conditions, including dough and die temperatures, drive torque, specific mechanical energy consumption, product and feed material throughput rates, dough apparent vis C1 USDA ARS, NGIRL, Crop & Entomol Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NGIRL, Crop & Entomol Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012; OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 436 EP 446 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0436 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 945UT UT WOS:000230528400015 ER PT J AU Kolz, AC Ong, SK Moorman, TB AF Kolz, AC Ong, SK Moorman, TB TI Sorption of tylosin onto swine manure SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE tylosin; antibiotic; sorption; swine manure; environmental fate ID ANIMAL FEED; METRONIDAZOLE; OLAQUINDOX; SOIL; OXYTETRACYCLINE; DEGRADATION AB Sorption of tylosin was conducted on manure solids (< 2 mm) and colloidal materials (< 1.2 mu m) collected from open (OL) and covered (CL) anaerobic swine manure lagoons. The aqueous concentration of tylosin in the sorption studies bracket the levels expected in lagoons, between 1 mg1(-1) and 30 mg1(-1). Sorption isotherms were found to be slightly non-linear for 2 mm solids, with Freundlich distribution coefficients (K-f) of 39.4 with n = 1.32 for CL slurry and 99.5 with n = 1.02 for OL. These values are comparable to those reported for loam soils, but higher than those reported for sandy or clay soils and lower than those reported for fresh manure. Normalization of K-d to the organic carbon content of the solids gave K-OC values of 5701 kg(-1) and 8181 kg(-1), for CL and OL solids, respectively. The K-d and K-f values were not significantly different between colloids and 2 mm solids in OL slurry, but were significantly different in CL due to the non-linearity of the colloid isotherm. Based on the K-d values obtained and comparing the K-d values of other antibiotics, tylosin is strongly sorbed to manure, and would be more mobile than tetracyclines, but less mobile than sulfonamides, olaquindox, and chloramphenicol. However, tylosin mobility may be facilitated through transport with colloidal manure materials. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ong, SK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM skong@iastate.edu RI Ong, Say Kee/H-7026-2013 OI Ong, Say Kee/0000-0002-5008-4279 NR 15 TC 31 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2005 VL 60 IS 2 BP 284 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.094 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 939IT UT WOS:000230066700016 PM 15914248 ER PT J AU Herman, E Livingston, D AF Herman, E. Livingston, D. TI The cell and molecular biology of cold acclimated plants at frost temperature SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Herman, E.; Livingston, D.] USDA, Danforth Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. EM EHerman@danforthcenter.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 141 IS 3 SU S BP S280 EP S280 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA V44GQ UT WOS:000202991601324 ER PT J AU Horigane, T Yamada, S Kimura-Suda, H Nishio, E Kawahara, S McKeon, T AF Horigane, T. Yamada, S. Kimura-Suda, H. Nishio, E. Kawahara, S. McKeon, T. TI The use of spectroscopic analysis in component profiling of cereals SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Horigane, T.; Yamada, S.; Kimura-Suda, H.; Nishio, E.] Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Kawahara, S.] PerkinElmer Japan Co Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Kawahara, S.] Yokohama Flour Milling Co Ltd, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [McKeon, T.] USDA ARS, WRRC, Albany, CA USA. EM horigane@affrc.go.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 141 IS 3 SU S BP S281 EP S281 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA V44GQ UT WOS:000202991601327 ER PT J AU Huang, YH AF Huang, Yinghua TI Development of SSH libraries and cDNA microarrays: systems for gene expression profiling and functional genomics of greenbug SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Huang, Yinghua] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM yinghua.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 141 IS 3 SU S BP S232 EP S232 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA V44GQ UT WOS:000202991601179 ER PT J AU Huang, YH AF Huang, Yinghua TI Molecular interactions between crop plants and phloem-feeding aphid SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE defense pathways; DNA microarray; functional genomics; greenbug; sorghum C1 [Huang, Yinghua] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM yinghua.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 141 IS 3 SU S BP S229 EP S230 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA V44GQ UT WOS:000202991601171 ER PT J AU Leakey, ADB Bernacchi, CJ Long, SP Ort, DR AF Leakey, A. D. B. Bernacchi, C. J. Long, S. P. Ort, D. R. TI Elevated CO, does not stimulate C-4 photosynthesis directly, but impacts water relations and indirectly enhances carbon gain during drought stress in maize (Zea mays) grown under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE climate change; drought; SoyFACE; transpiration; water use C1 [Leakey, A. D. B.; Long, S. P.; Ort, D. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Leakey, A. D. B.; Long, S. P.; Ort, D. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Leakey, A. D. B.; Long, S. P.; Ort, D. R.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernacchi, C. J.] Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Ort, D. R.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. EM d-ort@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 141 IS 3 SU S BP S305 EP S306 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA V44GQ UT WOS:000202991601401 ER PT J AU Marsolais, F Hernandez-Sebastia, C Huber, SC AF Marsolais, F. Hernandez-Sebastia, C. Huber, S. C. TI Regulation of storage product accumulation in soybean seed SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE amino acid profile; seed nitrogen supply; seed protein content; soybean C1 [Marsolais, F.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, So Crops Protect & Food Res Ctr, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. [Hernandez-Sebastia, C.; Huber, S. C.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM marsolaisf@agr.ge.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 141 IS 3 SU S BP S289 EP S289 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA V44GQ UT WOS:000202991601353 ER PT J AU Mullet, J Klein, P Klein, R Rooney, B Jordan, D Borrell, A Pratt, L Cordonnier-Pratt, MM Price, DSJ Morishige, D Menz, M Buchanan, C Salzman, R Islam-Faridi, N Harris, K Brady, J Kim, JS Lim, S Zhou, B AF Mullet, J. Klein, P. Klein, R. Rooney, B. Jordan, D. Borrell, A. Pratt, L. Cordonnier-Pratt, M-M. Price, D. Stelly J. Morishige, D. Menz, M. Buchanan, C. Salzman, R. Islam-Faridi, N. Harris, K. Brady, J. Kim, J-S. Lim, S. Zhou, B. TI Sorghum and the genetic basis of drought tolerance SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE sorghum; genomics; drought tolerance C1 [Mullet, J.] Texas A&M Univ, Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Dept Primary Ind, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. EM jmullet@tamu.edu RI Borrell, Andrew/A-7926-2011; Jordan, David/A-7103-2011 OI Jordan, David/0000-0002-8128-1304 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 141 IS 3 SU S BP S299 EP S299 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA V44GQ UT WOS:000202991601381 ER PT J AU Scossa, F Stamova, B Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D Anderson, OD D'Ovidio, R Lafiandra, D Masci, S AF Scossa, F. Stamova, B. Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D. Anderson, O. D. D'Ovidio, R. Lafiandra, D. Masci, S. TI Microarray analysis of a transgenic wheat line over-expressing a low molecular weight glutenin subunit related to technological properties SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE transgenic wheat; low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS); cDNA microarray C1 [Scossa, F.; D'Ovidio, R.; Lafiandra, D.; Masci, S.] Univ Tuscia, Dept Agrobiol & Agrochem, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. [Scossa, F.; Stamova, B.; Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D.; Anderson, O. D.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fseossa@unitus.it RI D'Ovidio, Renato/A-4379-2014 OI D'Ovidio, Renato/0000-0001-8530-5898 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 141 IS 3 SU S BP S265 EP S265 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA V44GQ UT WOS:000202991601277 ER PT J AU Lefcourt, AM Kim, MS Chen, YR AF Lefcourt, AM Kim, MS Chen, YR TI A transportable fluorescence imagining system for detecting fecal contaminants SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; multispectral imaging; food safety; fecal contamination AB Feces are the primary source of many pathogenic organisms that can potentially contaminate agricultural commodities. Feces generally contain chlorophyll a and related compounds due to ingestion of plant materials. Fluorescent responses of these compounds to appropriate excitation can mark the presence of feces on animal carcasses, or on fruits or vegetables. We describe a transportable imaging system for detecting fecal contamination. The primary components of the system are a UV light source, an intensified camera with a six-position filter wheel, and software for controlling the system and automatically analyzing images. To test the system, diluted dairy feces were applied to surfaces of red delicious apples using stencils or a pipette. Comparisons of test results using a definitive set of four red-band filters demonstrated that the contrast between fluorescence responses of treated and untreated apple surfaces decreased with increasing wavelength, and was 25% greater at 668 compared to the best results obtained at 678, 685, or 700 nm. Using images acquired at 668 nm, automated algorithms based on either threshold or edge detection were 100% successful in detecting stenciled apples and 1:10 dilution spots applied with pipette, which contained approximately 300ng of dry matter. In a separate test, sets of feces-treated apples were washed at hourly intervals and then imaged. The contamination sites could not be detected when the contact time was less than 4 h, while 5 h of contact was sufficient to establish consistent fluorescence responses in images. Use of a modified system as a teaching tool demonstrated the robustness of the system and promoted public awareness that fecal contamination invisible to the naked eye can easily be detected with appropriate instrumentation. There are many potential uses for this system, including studying the efficacy of apple washing systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lefcourt, AM (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303 Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alefcour@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2005.01.002 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 933QM UT WOS:000229648000004 ER PT J AU Silverman, J Garnett, NL Giszter, SF Heckman, CJ Kulpa-Eddy, JA Lemay, MA Perry, CK Pinter, M AF Silverman, J Garnett, NL Giszter, SF Heckman, CJ Kulpa-Eddy, JA Lemay, MA Perry, CK Pinter, M TI Decerebrate mammalian preparations: Unalleviated or fully alleviated pain? A review and opinion SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID MINIMUM ALVEOLAR CONCENTRATION; BISPECTRAL INDEX; SEVOFLURANE; ISOFLURANE AB In experimental decerebration of mammals, the cerebral cortex and thalamus are surgically or otherwise inactivated under traditional (pharmacologic) general anesthesia. Once the effects of the pharmacologic anesthesia have dissipated, the animal remains alive, but there is neither pain sensation nor consciousness. Because the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations recognize drugs as the only means to alleviate pain, it is unclear whether a decerebrate animal should be placed in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) pain and distress category D (pain or distress alleviated by drugs) or E (unalleviated pain or distress). We present a rationale for including decerebrate animals in USDA category D. We also provide a general review of decerebration and suggestions for institutional animal care and use committees having to evaluate decerebration protocols. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Anim Med, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. NIH, Off Lab Anim Welfare, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Drexel Univ, Hlth & Soc Programs, Coll Nursing & Hlth Profess, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Silverman, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Anim Med, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. RI Perry, Constance/E-1930-2014 FU NINDS NIH HHS [P50 NS024707-160011, P50 NS024707] NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 949DK UT WOS:000230764900007 PM 16050666 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Werner, SJ Cummings, JL Humphrey, JS Milleson, MP Carlson, JC Primus, TM Goodall, MJ AF Avery, ML Werner, SJ Cummings, JL Humphrey, JS Milleson, MP Carlson, JC Primus, TM Goodall, MJ TI Caffeine for reducing bird damage to newly seeded rice SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; bird repellent; blackbird; caffeine; crop damage; Louisiana; Molothrus ater; rice; seed treatment AB The economic impact of blackbirds can be severe to rice producers in the United States. One approach to managing this damage is the application of bird-deterrent chemical to the crop. Previous pilot trials suggested that caffeine offered potential as a safe, economical bird repellent. In this study, cage feeding trials with female red-winged blackbirds and male brown-headed cowbirds confirmed that a treatment rate of 2500 ppm caffeine on rice seed reduced consumption as much as 76%. Trials with mixed species blackbird flocks in a 0.2-ha flight pen resulted in just 4% loss of caffeine-treated rice compared to 43% loss of untreated rice. Field trials of a 10,000 ppm caffeine treatment in Louisiana revealed > 90% of caffeine-treated rice seed remained unconsumed on days 2 and 3 of the study whereas blackbirds consumed > 80% of the untreated seed. As a rice seed treatment to deter blackbirds, caffeine appears to be effective, economical and environmentally safe, although additional aquatic toxicity testing is desirable. Improvements in formulation will be needed to make the compound practical for general agricultural spray applications and to extend the adherence of caffeine to rice seeds in field conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 2820 E Univ Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. EM michael.l.avery@aphis.usda.gov NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 651 EP 657 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2004.11.009 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 932EO UT WOS:000229537200007 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB AF Jensen, KB TI Cytology and fertility of advanced populations of Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & Smith) Gould X Elymus caninus (L.) L. hybrids SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION AB Within the wheatgrasses and wildryes, amphiploids are frequently made as a means for introgressing desirable traits and restoring fertility in hybrids between diverse species. This study reports the cytology, fertility, and morphological characteristics of Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & Smith) Gould, E. caninus (L.) L., their F, hybrids, advanced generations (F-7 and F-8), and three generations of advanced amphiploid progenies (C-1, C-2, and C-3). Meiotic chromosome associations of E. lanceolatus and E. caninus are typical of allotetraploids. Chromosome pairing in the F, hybrids suggests a close relationship between the two parents. Bivalent associations most frequently observed in the F-7 and F-8 were 14 bivalents. After multiple generations of harvesting available seed each generation from 10 plants, an increase in meiotic regularity was observed in the advanced F generations. Aneuploidy in the amphiploids (C generation) was observed in the CZ and C3 generations with chromosome numbers ranging from 47 to 56. The C, generation had significantly fewer univalents per cell than the CZ and C3 generations. Combined across chromosome numbers, there was a significant decrease in the number of bivalents from 22.48 to 21.36 to 20.27 in each succeeding C generation, respectively. After seven generations of seed increase, pollen stainability increased from less than 1% in the F, hybrid to 87 and 85% in the F-7 and F-8 generations, respectively. Chromosome doubling significantly reduced pollen stainability in the C C2, and C3 generations as compared to the parents and advanced F generations. Cluster analysis was able to separate the parents and the different hybrid populations. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin@cc.usu.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1211 EP 1215 DI 10.2135/cropscu2004.0235 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700002 ER PT J AU Brauer, D Staley, T AF Brauer, D Staley, T TI Early developmental responses of white clover roothair lengths to calcium, protons, and aluminum in solution and soil cultures SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; ION FLUXES; NODULATION; GROWTH; PHOSPHATE; SIGNAL; MODEL AB Acidic soils tend to limit the nodulation of forage legumes and roothairs are important for Rhizobia binding and the initiation of nodule formation. This study examined the effects of Ca, pH, and AI on the length of roothairs in nutrient solutions and soils with white clover (Trifolium repens L., cultivar Huia) seedlings. The lengths of roothairs of 1- to 2-d-old seedlings was not affected by increases in solution Al up to 24 mu M in nutrient solution experiments, but showed a pronounced optimum at a predicted root surface pH of 3.8. Roothair lengths of white clover seedlings 2 to 10 d after planting were also assessed in a Gilpin series silt loam collected from New, WV, and amended with various levels of lime. Soils ranged in pH from 4.6 to 5.3 and soil base saturation of Al from 46 to 8%. No significant differences in roothair lengths as a function of soil pH and/or soil available Al were observed. Previous results conducted under similar experimental conditions demonstrated that soil pH-soil-available Al adversely affected on root elongation and nodulation. When results from this and the previous reports are considered together, the combined results suggest that root elongation and nodulation were more sensitive than roothair length to acidic soil conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM dbrauer@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1216 EP 1222 DI 10.2135/cropsci2003.0009 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700003 ER PT J AU Peterson, DM Wesenberg, DM Burrup, DE Erickson, CA AF Peterson, DM Wesenberg, DM Burrup, DE Erickson, CA TI Relationships among agronomic traits and grain composition in oat genotypes grown in different environments SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP AVENAE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; CROWN RUST; AVENANTHRAMIDES; QUALITY; OIL; TOCOTRIENOLS; RESISTANCE; INDUCTION AB Genotype and environment are major determinants of plant phenotype. Economically important quantitative traits include agronomic characteristics and grain composition. This study examined relationships among agronomic traits and grain composition as influenced by genotype and environment. Thirty-three oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes were grown in three trials in Idaho (Aberdeen irrigated, Tetonia irrigated, and Tetonia dryland) in three consecutive years (1999-2001). Yield, heading date, kernel physical characteristics, and concentrations of groat protein, beta-glucan, oil, tocols, and avenanthramides were measured. Analysis of the combined data for all environments showed significant genotypic differences for all traits except avenanthramide 2f. Most of the variance was associated with genotype for all traits except yield, alpha-tocopherol, and the avenanthramides. The genotype X trial interaction was significant only for avenanthramides concentration, whereas the genotype X year interaction was significant for most traits. Principal component analysis biplots illustrate that for protein and oil there was a clear difference between 2000 and the other years. Some genotypes were stable across environments; others responded differently in different environments. Correlation analysis showed several close associations among traits: avenanthramides were correlated with beta-glucan, and oil was negatively correlated with groat physical characteristics and with avenanthramide 2f. The results show that knowledge of the relationships among traits and environments can assist breeders in optimizing both agronomic traits and grain composition simultaneously. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Peterson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 501 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dmpeter4@wisc.edu NR 34 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1249 EP 1255 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700008 ER PT J AU Bonman, JM Bockelman, HE Jackson, LF Steffenson, BJ AF Bonman, JM Bockelman, HE Jackson, LF Steffenson, BJ TI Disease and insect resistance in cultivated barley accessions from the USDA national small grains collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPOT BLOTCH; PYRENOPHORA-TERES; STRIPE RUST; WHEAT; GENETICS; SATIVUS AB Cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare L.) accessions from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) have been tested systematically for the past 20 yr for disease and insect resistance. In this study, we analyzed the resistance to barley yellow dwarf (BYD), spot blotch (SB) caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kuribayashi) Drechs. ex Dastur, net blotch (NB) caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechs., stripe rust (SR) caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. hordei, and Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), with respect to (i) geographic origin of resistant accessions, (ii) relationship to other NSGC descriptor data, and (iii) relationships among resistances. "Centers of concentration" for certain resistances were identified: eastern Africa for several diseases, western Turkey and the Caucasus for SR resistance, eastern Asia for adult plant resistance to NB, and south-central Asia for RWA resistance. Stripe rust resistance was also associated with accessions originating from high altitude in eastern Africa (Ethiopia). Various associations between resistances and grain descriptors, plant habit, and landrace status were also found. Forty-eight accessions showed multiple resistances on the basis of the field disease data and the RWA greenhouse data. Many of these resistant accessions were from Ethiopia, and many were of unknown origin. Stripe rust testing in California and Bolivia supported the conclusion that winter-habit accessions were more resistant to the disease than were spring-habit accessions. Information from this study will be used to guide future NSGC acquisition and evaluation efforts. C1 USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83201 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55018 USA. RP Bonman, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83201 USA. EM mbonman@uidaho.edu OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1271 EP 1280 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0546 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700011 ER PT J AU Griggs, TC MacAdam, JW Mayland, HF Burns, JC AF Griggs, TC MacAdam, JW Mayland, HF Burns, JC TI Nonstructural carbohydrate and digestibility patterns in orchardgrass swards during daily defoliation sequences initiated in evening and morning SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE; IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITY; DAIRY-COWS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HERBAGE PRODUCTION; TEMPERATE GRASSES; FORAGE QUALITY; WHITE CLOVER; HAYS CUT; RYEGRASS AB Herbage soluble carbohydrate (SC) levels vary diurnally and livestock intake can be higher for herbage harvested or allocated to animals in the evening than in the morning. Few assessments of SC and digestibility patterns have been made during sward depletion in rotationally stocked orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). We tested the hypothesis that simulated evening daily pasture allocation increases 24-h mean herbage SC and digestibility levels relative to morning allocation. Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) and in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) levels were compared during 24-h clipping sequences initiated at 1900 h (PM) and 0700 h (AM). Sward height was progressively reduced from 40 to 8 cm at 6-h intervals in October, June, and August. Successively lower horizons from defoliation sequences and also from control areas that were not under progressive defoliation were analyzed. Digestibility and TNC levels varied diurnally and seasonally, and were often higher for PM sequences, but differences among 24-h means were small. Daily mean TNC levels for defoliation sequences initiated in PM and AM were 138 vs.132, 93 vs. 88, and 72 vs. 60 g kg(-1) in October, June, and August, respectively. In all periods, digestibility decreased from approximately 920 to 800 to 890 g kg(-1) during sward depletion and displayed similar patterns between defoliation sequences. Patterns of TNC and digestibility during sward depletion may not be represented by those in intact swards, and PM allocation of daily herbage may not increase 24-h mean dietary TNC density relative to AM allocation. Daily quantities of ingested TNC could be higher for PM herbage allocation if livestock consume proportionately more herbage in the PM than we simulated. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Griggs, TC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tgriggs@ext.usu.edu RI MacAdam, Jennifer/B-3156-2009 OI MacAdam, Jennifer/0000-0003-2349-9863 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1295 EP 1304 DI 10.2135/cropsci2003.0613 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700014 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Larson, SR Waldron, BL Johnson, DA AF Jensen, KB Larson, SR Waldron, BL Johnson, DA TI Characterization of hybrids from induced x natural tetraploids of Russian wildrye SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; RYEGRASS; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; TRITICEAE; GRASS; AFLP AB Because of restrictions imposed by hybridization barriers, Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski] breeders have usually limited themselves to selection and hybridization within ploidy levels. Plants of diploid (2n = 2x = 14) Russian wildrye tend to be shorter, finer stemmed, leafier, and generally higher in forage production than tetraploids (2n = 4x = 28), which have larger seeds and superior seedling vigor. The principle objectives of the present study were to combine the genes from diploid and tetraploid Russian wildrye into a stable population, and evaluate variability in chromosome behavior, molecular genetic diversity, forage production, seed characteristics, and seedling vigor of the hybrids. Cytologically, the hybrid population behaved as an autotetraploid averaging 0.50 univalents + 9.37 bivalents + 0.24 trivalents + 1.98 quadrivalents per cell. Narrow-sense heritabilities were 31, 63, 17, and 23% for dry matter yield (DMY), total seed yield, 100-seed weight, and rate of seedling emergence, respectively. Coefficients of determination (r(2)) among parent and half-sib family means were 0.12, 0.29, 0.09, and 0.72 for the above traits, respectively. Essentially all variation among half-sib families for rate of seedling emergence was associated with environmental effects. Positive responses to selection pressure for improved seed yield, rate of seedling emergence, and dry matter production were achieved and additional gains are expected. Any major improvement in seed mass would be limited without broadening the genetic base of the hybrid. C1 Utah State Univ, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah Agr Exp St, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin@cc.usu.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1305 EP 1311 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0455 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700015 ER PT J AU Oliver, RE Cai, X Xu, SS Chen, X Stack, RW AF Oliver, RE Cai, X Xu, SS Chen, X Stack, RW TI Wheat-alien species derivatives: A novel source of resistance to fusarium head blight in wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONFERRING RESISTANCE; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; RUST-RESISTANCE; COMMON WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; SCAB; TRITICUM; GENES; DISEASE; BARLEY AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum spp.) in humid growth conditions throughout the world. Genetic resistance of the host plant is considered the most effective and sustainable method of defense against FHB; however, only limited sources of resistance are available in wheat. Relatives of wheat have proven to be an invaluable gene pool for wheat improvement. The objective of this study was to explore relatives of wheat for FHB resistance. We evaluated 293 lines derived from the crosses of wheat with its relatives for resistance to spread of FHB infection over two greenhouse seasons. Of these 293 derivatives, 66 were susceptible, 153 appeared moderately resistant, and 74 lines exhibited a level of resistance comparable with T. aestivum L. `Sumai 3', the most widely used source of resistance to FHB. Alien species involved in development of these derivatives include T. tauschii (Coss.) Schmal., Roegneria kamoji C. Koch, R. ciliaris (Trin.) Nevski, Leymus racemosus Lam., Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, Th. elongatum (Host) D.R. Dewey, Th. junceum (L.) Love, Th. intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, Dasypyrum villosa L., Secale cereale L., and oat (Avena saliva L.). The wheat-alien species derivatives identified as resistant to FHB include wheat-alien species amphiploids, synthetic hexaploid wheat lines, and wheat-alien species substitution and translocation lines. These derivatives could serve as novel sources to enhance resistance of wheat to FHB. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Cai, X (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xiwen.cai@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 41 TC 45 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1353 EP 1360 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0503 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700021 ER PT J AU Fisher, DS Burns, JC Mayland, HF AF Fisher, DS Burns, JC Mayland, HF TI Ruminant selection among switchgrass hays cut at either sundown or sunup SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PREFERENCE; ALFALFA; FORAGES; SHEEP AB As a result of photosynthesis, plants typically have greater concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates at the end of the photoperiod. The preference of ruminants for hays harvested within the same 24-h period can be greater for plants harvested late in the photoperiod with increased soluble carbohydrate. To test for variation in ruminant preference for afternoon versus morning harvested hays in a C-4 grass harvested in the humid east, established fields of 'Kanlow' and `Alamo' switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were used to produce hays in 1998, 1999, and 2000 near Raleigh, NC. Harvests were paired so that each cutting in the evening (PM) was followed by a cutting the next morning (AM). We harvested in this manner three times in 1998 to produce six Kanlow hays; twice with Kanlow and once with Alamo at two levels of nitrogen fertility in 1999 to produce eight hays; and three times in 2000 to produce six Alamo hays. The hays were field-dried, baled, and passed through a hydraulic bale processor. Hays from each year were tested with cattle (Bos taurus L.), goats (Capra hircus L.), and sheep (Ovis aries L.). During an adaptation phase, hays were offered individually. In the experimental phase, all possible pairs of hays were presented. Data were analyzed by multidimensional scaling and by traditional analyses. Multidimensional scaling indicated that selection was based on multiple criteria. The suite of improvements associated with PM-harvested hays in fiber content, digestibility, and nonstructural carbohydrate observed for alfalfa and fescue hays in the western USA was difficult to reproduce with switchgrass hay in the southeastern USA. This difficulty is likely related to the less favorable environment for haymaking as well as the physiology, anatomy, and morphology of this C-4 grass. C1 USDA ARS, JPCS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Fisher, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, JPCS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dwight_fisher@scientist.com NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1394 EP 1402 DI 10.2135/scropsci2004.0388 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700026 ER PT J AU Hodnett, GL Burson, BL Rooney, WL Dillon, SL Price, HJ AF Hodnett, GL Burson, BL Rooney, WL Dillon, SL Price, HJ TI Pollen-pistil interactions result in reproductive isolation between Sorghum bicolor and divergent Sorghum species SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; TUBE GROWTH; STIGMA INTERACTION; HORDEUM-BULBOSUM; CROSSABILITY; SECALE; INCOMPATIBILITY; FLUORESCENCE; GERMINATION; POLLINATION AB Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] breeders have long recognized the importance of exotic germplasm and noncultivated sorghum races as sources of valuable genes for genetic improvement. The genus Sorghum consists of 25 species classified as five sections: Eusorghum, Chaetosorghum, Heterosorghum, Para-sorghum, and Stiposorghum. Species outside the Eu-sorghum section are sources of important genes for sorghum improvement, including those for insect and disease resistance, but these have not been used because of the failure of these species to cross with sorghum. An understanding of the biological nature of the incompatibility system(s) that prevent hybridization and/or seed development is necessary for the successful hybridization and introgression between sorghum and divergent Sorghum species. The objectives of this study were to determine the reason(s) for reproductive isolation between Sorghum species. The current study utilized 14 alien Sorghum species and established that pollen-pistil incompatibilities are the primary reasons that hybrids with sorghum are not obtained. The alien pollen tubes showed major inhibition of growth in sorghum pistils and seldom grew beyond the stigma. Pollen tubes of only three species grew into the ovary of sorghum. Fertilization and subsequent embryo development were not common. Seeds with developing embryos aborted before maturation, apparently because of breakdown of the endosperm. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Queensland Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Australian Trop Corps & Forages Collect, Biloela, Qld, Australia. RP Price, HJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hj-price@tamu.edu NR 34 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1403 EP 1409 DI 10.2135/croppsci.2004.0429 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700027 ER PT J AU Henning, JA Townsend, MS AF Henning, JA Townsend, MS TI Field-based estimates of heritability and genetic correlations in hop SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PRENYLATED FLAVONOIDS; HUMULUS-LUPULUS; IN-VITRO; 5 TRAITS; ACCESSIONS AB Hop (Humulus lupulus L. var. lupulus) is grown worldwide for the production of the dried female inflorescence (strobulus), or cones, used principally for the bittering and flavoring of beer. Information is scant on the inheritance of traits of economic importance in hop, and present knowledge is based on historical data rather than designed experimental investigation. The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability of and genetic correlation among six traits: yield (YLD), alpha-acid (ALP) concentration, beta-acid (BET) concentration, cohumulone (COH) percentage, colupulone (COL) percentage, and xanthohumol (XAN) concentration. Twenty-five full-sib families were developed by crossing five randomly chosen females and five randomly chosen males in a North Carolina Design II mating design. Plants were transplanted into the field in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replicates. Data were recorded for two years. Heritabilities for all traits were moderate to high using variance components estimated from males. With the exception of heritability estimates for YLD and ALP, all other traits were not significantly different from zero using female variance components as estimators. Pooled estimates of heritability yielded more reasonable estimates with lowest heritability for BET (h(2) = 0.57 +/- 0.19) and highest for COL (h(2) = 0.89 +/- 0.02). Pooled estimates of genetic correlations ranged from r = 0.28 (ALP and YLD) to r = 0.92 (YLD and XAN). Finally, correlations between coefficients of coancestry (COA) between pairs and their respective mean offspring data were significant for ALP, COL, and XAN suggesting that for these traits at least, COA values may be predictive of potential heterosis. On the basis of these data, selection for COL, ALP, and YLD would be successful using simple selection protocols such as phenotypic recurrent or mass selection. The likelihood of success when selecting for BET and XAN would be low, thus requiring one of the genotypic recurrent selection techniques. Selection against COH (a negative factor in brewing) appears problematic because of positive correlations with all other traits. The information presented in this study is the first published record of field-based estimates of narrow-sense heritability and genetic correlations in hop and will aid hop breeders working with these traits. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Proc Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Henning, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Proc Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM John.Henning@oregonstate.edu NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1469 EP 1475 DI 10.2135/cropsci.2004.0360 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700036 ER PT J AU Zhang, JF Lu, Y Cantrell, RG Hughs, E AF Zhang, JF Lu, Y Cantrell, RG Hughs, E TI Molecular marker diversity and field performance in commercial cotton cultivars evaluated in the southwestern USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; UPLAND COTTON; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; ASSISTED SELECTION; FIBER STRENGTH; RAPD MARKERS; AFLP MARKERS; QTL ANALYSIS; MAJOR QTL AB Genetic diversity in modern upland cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is thought to be narrow, thus limiting genetic advance. Robust information on the genetic relatedness among currently grown cotton cultivars is lacking. The objectives of the present study were to field test a sample of elite commercial cotton cultivars, including many transgenic cultivars representing the major cottonseed companies, and to evaluate their genetic divergence using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Eighty-eight SSR primer pairs were chosen for genotyping that provided 177 SSRs. Jaccard's genetic similarity coefficients among 24 genotypes ranged from 0.694 to 0.936, with an average of 0.772, indicating that sufficient genetic diversity does exist within our sample of commercial upland cotton. Genetic similarities among cultivars from the same seed companies were generally higher than the mean of all cultivars and grouped into six major groups: two Deltapine (DP), one Stoneville (ST), one FiberMax (FM), and two New Mexico (NM) Acalas. One California Acala cultivar of New Mexico origin, developed by Phytogen (PHY), did not group with New Mexico Acala germplasm. Texas High Plains stripper type cultivars were distant from picker types and formed independent groups. Under New Mexico growing conditions, DP and ST cultivars yielded higher but produced lower fiber quality, while NM Acala cotton had lower yield but higher fiber quality. The PHY and FM cultivars were intermediate in cotton yield and fiber quality. Six SSR markers were identified to be significantly correlated with fiber yield or quality among the cultivars tested, providing impetus to validate the markertrait associations. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27531 USA. USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88003 USA. RP Zhang, JF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jinzhang@nmsu.edu NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1483 EP 1490 DI 10.2135/cropsci.2004.0581 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700038 ER PT J AU Holbrook, CC Dong, WB AF Holbrook, CC Dong, WB TI Development and evaluation of a mini core collection for the US peanut germplasm collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; GENETIC-RESOURCES; RESISTANCE AB A core collection (831 accessions) has been developed to represent the U.S. Arachis hypogaea L. germplasm collection. This core collection has been shown to be effective in improving the efficiency of identifying genes of interest in the entire germplasm collection. However, an even smaller subset of germplasm is needed for traits which are difficult and/or expensive to measure. The objectives of this study were to select a core of the core collection and to evaluate the usefulness of this subset of germplasm to identify genes of interest in peanut. Data for eight above ground and eight below ground morphological characteristics were measured for each accession in the core collection. Cluster analysis was used on these data to partition the core accessions into groups which, theoretically, are genetically similar. Random sampling was then used to select a 10% sample from each group. The result was a core of the core collection (mini core) consisting of 112 accessions. Examination of morphological data indicated that the majority of genetic variation expressed in the core collection has been preserved in this core of the core collection. Data on disease resistances for accessions in the core collection were collected and used to determine retrospectively how effective the use of a mini core collection would have been in identifying sources of resistance in the core collection. Results indicated that the mini core collection can be used to improve the efficiency of identifying desirable traits in the core collection. For resistance to late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis), the use of a mini core collection would have improved the efficiency of identifying resistant accessions in the entire collection. The core of the core approach should be particularly useful for traits which are difficult and/or expensive to measure. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Holbrook, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM holbrook@tifton.usda.gov NR 25 TC 46 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1540 EP 1544 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0368 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700046 ER PT J AU Livingston, DP Tallury, SP Premkumar, R Owens, SA Olien, CR AF Livingston, DP Tallury, SP Premkumar, R Owens, SA Olien, CR TI Changes in the histology of cold-hardened oat crowns during recovery from freezing SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER OAT; TISSUES; BARLEY; LEAVES; WHEAT; EXPRESSION; TOLERANCE; SEEDLINGS; ANATOMY; MUCOSA AB The survival of cereal crops during winter depends primarily on the ability of tissue in the crown to withstand various stresses encountered during freezing. Freeze-induced damage to specific regions of oat (Avena sativa L.) crowns was evaluated by sectioning plants at various stages of recovery after they had been grown and frozen under controlled conditions. Our results confirmed those reported for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticam aestivum L.) that the apical meristem was apparently the tissue in the crown most tolerant of freezing. Photographs of sections during recovery provided evidence that the apical meristem within the crown survived freezing in plants that were rated as nonsurvivors. Closer examination revealed abnormal nuclei in many cells of plants that had been frozen. These cells with condensed and dark red chromatin resembled the description of nuclear pycnosis found in mammalian cells damaged by radiation, extreme abiotic stress, and various carcinogens. The crown meristem complex was separated from the crown and fractionated into two regions: the upper portion of the crown meristem complex, called the apical region, and the lower portion called the crown core. The dry weight of both the apical region and crown core increased during cold-hardening but the increase in dry weight was higher in the crown core than in the apical region. During cold-hardening the percentage of total water freezing at -2 degrees C became lower and after 3 wk was 50 and 47% in the apical region and the crown core, respectively. The initial freezing rate of the apical region was higher than that of the crown core and reached equilibrium about 2 h earlier than the crown core. Differences are discussed in relation to the freezing survival of specific tissue. C1 USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Adv Microscopy, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Livingston, DP (reprint author), USDA, 840 Method Rd,Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dpl@unity.ncsu.edu NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1545 EP 1558 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0579 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700047 ER PT J AU Srnic, G Murphy, JP Lyerly, JH Leath, S Marshall, DS AF Srnic, G Murphy, JP Lyerly, JH Leath, S Marshall, DS TI Inheritance and chromosomal assignment of powdery mildew resistance genes in two winter wheat germplasm lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; F SP TRITICI; COMMON WHEAT; EM THELL.; ISOGENIC LINES; AFLP MARKERS; WILD EMMER; LOCATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Powdery mildew of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by Blumeria graminis DC sp. tritici Em. Marchal, occurs annually in eastern North America resulting in reduced grain yield and end-use quality in susceptible cultivars. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance, chromosomal location, and linkage with molecular markers of powdery mildew resistance genes in the two recently released germplasm lines NC96BGTA4 and NC99BGTAG11. Between 99 and 194 F-2:3 progenies plus parents in two populations, `Saluda' x NC96BGTA4 and Saluda x NC99BGTAG11, were evaluated in greenhouse and field nurseries for reaction to powdery mildew infection. Results indicated that the germplasm lines each contained a different, partially dominant, major resistance gene. The two segregating populations were subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat, or microsatellite (SSR) analyses. Both resistance genes were located on the long arm of chromosome 7A. The most likely locus order indicated that the resistance gene in NC96BGTA4 was flanked by the SSR loci Xbarc292 and Xwmc525. The resistance gene in NC99BGTAG11 was most likely flanked by the AFLP markers XE38M54-196 and XE36M55-126, and the SSR loci Xgwm332 and Xwmc525. Both genes mapped to a chromosome arm that contains the powdery mildew resistance loci Pm1 and Pm9. The resistance genes in the two germplasms are different from the Pm1a allele. Our mapping results suggested that the resistance genes were not alleles at the Pm1 or Pm9 loci, but further allelism tests are necessary to determine the relationships both between the two genes themselves and between the two genes and named Pm loci on chromosome 7AL. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM njpm@unity.ncsu.edu NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1578 EP 1586 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0530 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700051 ER PT J AU Chen, YW Nelson, RL AF Chen, YW Nelson, RL TI Relationship between origin and genetic diversity in Chinese soybean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAPD MARKERS; AFLP MARKERS; CULTIVARS; ACCESSIONS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; DNA; POLYMORPHISM; COLLECTIONS; MANAGEMENT AB The soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] was domesticated in China. Information about the amount and distribution of genetic diversity in China is critical to effective soybean germplasm management. Information is currently available from only a few provinces in China. The objectives of this research are to estimate the genetic variation within and among four geographically diverse provinces (Zhejiang, Sichuan, Gansu, and Hebei) in China and to determine the relationship between geographical origin and genetic diversity. Ten primitive cultivars from each province were characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments produced from 31 selected decamer primers. CNS, an important U.S. ancestral line, was also included as a control. Genetic variation was estimated by AMOVA analysis with 125 polymorphic RAPD fragments. Genetic distances were calculated by means of Jaccard's coefficient and expressed as dissimilarity coefficients. Unweighted paired group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA), Ward's minimum-variance method, VARCLUS, and multidimensional scaling (MDS) were applied to define the genetic relationships. AMOVA identified significant genetic differences between all pairs of provinces except between Zhejiang and Sichuan. The greatest difference was observed between Hebei and Zhejiang. There was disagreement among the clustering methods, but each procedure identified clusters of accessions that originated from the same province. Based on data from all clustering procedures, six major clusters containing a total of 32 accessions were defined with each cluster dominated by accessions from a single province. These data provide additional evidence that primitive cultivars of China were generally genetically isolated in relatively small geographical areas. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rlnelson@uiuc.edu NR 49 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1645 EP 1652 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0071 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700059 ER PT J AU Campbell, KAG Allan, RE Anderson, J Pritchett, JA Little, LM Morris, CF Line, RF Chen, X Walker-Simmons, MK Carter, BP Burns, JW Jones, SS Reisenauer, PE AF Campbell, KAG Allan, RE Anderson, J Pritchett, JA Little, LM Morris, CF Line, RF Chen, X Walker-Simmons, MK Carter, BP Burns, JW Jones, SS Reisenauer, PE TI Registration of 'Finch' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, WUS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55116 USA. USDA ARS, NPL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Campbell, KAG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, WUS, Box 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kgcamp@wsu.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1656 EP 1657 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0341 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700064 ER PT J AU Campbell, KAG Allan, RE Anderson, J Pritchett, JA Little, LM Morris, CF Line, RF Chen, X Walker-Simmons, MK Carter, BP Burns, JW Jones, SS Reisenauer, PE AF Campbell, KAG Allan, RE Anderson, J Pritchett, JA Little, LM Morris, CF Line, RF Chen, X Walker-Simmons, MK Carter, BP Burns, JW Jones, SS Reisenauer, PE TI Registration of 'Chukar' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 WSU, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. WSU, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55116 USA. USDA ARS, NPL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Campbell, KAG (reprint author), WSU, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Box 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kgcamp@wsu.edu NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1657 EP 1659 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0342 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700065 ER PT J AU Tew, TL Burner, DM Legendre, BL White, WH Grisham, MP Dufrene, EO Garrison, DD Veremis, JC Pan, YB Richard, EP AF Tew, TL Burner, DM Legendre, BL White, WH Grisham, MP Dufrene, EO Garrison, DD Veremis, JC Pan, YB Richard, EP TI Registration of 'Ho 95-988' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, SRRC, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Tew, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SRRC, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM ttew@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1660 EP 1661 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0496 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700068 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Baenziger, PS Nelson, LA Beecher, BB Baltensperger, DB Krall, JM AF Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Baenziger, PS Nelson, LA Beecher, BB Baltensperger, DB Krall, JM TI Registration of 'Antelope' hard white winter wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Oregon State Univ, Crop & Soil Sci Dep, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Wyoming, Torrington Res & Extens Ctr, Torrington, WY USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rag@unlserve.unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1661 EP 1662 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0558 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700069 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Baenziger, PS Nelson, LA Beecher, BB Baltensperger, DB Krall, JM AF Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Baenziger, PS Nelson, LA Beecher, BB Baltensperger, DB Krall, JM TI Registration of 'Arrowsmith' hard white winter wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Wyoming, Torrington Res & Extens Ctr, Torrington, WY USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rag@unlserve.unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1662 EP 1663 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0559 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700070 ER PT J AU Hosfield, GL Hang, AN AF Hosfield, GL Hang, AN TI Registration of 'Claret' small red bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Irrig Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA, ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hang, AN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Irrig Agr Res & Ext Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM ahang@wsu.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1663 EP 1664 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0616 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700071 ER PT J AU McMullen, MS Doehlert, DC Miller, JD AF McMullen, MS Doehlert, DC Miller, JD TI Registration of 'HiFi' oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, USDA, ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal Sci & Food Technol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP McMullen, MS (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM michael.mcmullen@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1664 EP 1664 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.003 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700072 ER PT J AU McMullen, MS Doehlert, DC Miller, JD AF McMullen, MS Doehlert, DC Miller, JD TI Registration of 'Morton' oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, USDA, ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal Sci & Food Technol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP McMullen, MS (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM michael.mcmullen@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1664 EP 1665 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.004 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700073 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Nielson, DC Caicco, SL Fenchel, GA Young, SA AF Jones, TA Nielson, DC Caicco, SL Fenchel, GA Young, SA TI Registration of Star Lake Indian ricegrass germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEED C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. USDA, NRCS, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. Utah State Univ, Utah Crop Improvement Assoc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tomjones@cc.usu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1666 EP 1667 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0469 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700075 ER PT J AU Cook, CG Robinson, AF AF Cook, CG Robinson, AF TI Registration of RN96425, RN96527, and RN96625-1 nematode-resistant cotton germplasm lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Syngenta Seeds Inc, Victoria, TX USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Robinson, AF (reprint author), Syngenta Seeds Inc, 356 Hosek Rd, Victoria, TX USA. EM frobinson@cpru.usda.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1667 EP 1668 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0551 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700076 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Park, SJ Miklas, PN Canaday, CH AF Smith, JR Park, SJ Miklas, PN Canaday, CH TI Registration of TARS-PT03-1 inter-racial multiple disease-resistant dry bean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Greenhouse & Proc Crops Res Ctr, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Prod Res, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. W Tennessee Expt Stn, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rsmith@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1669 EP 1670 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0719 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700078 ER PT J AU Diers, BW Arelli, PR Carlson, SR Fehr, WR Kabelka, EA Shoemaker, RC Wang, D AF Diers, BW Arelli, PR Carlson, SR Fehr, WR Kabelka, EA Shoemaker, RC Wang, D TI Registration of LDX01-1-65 soybean germplasm with soybean cyst nematode resistance derived from Glycine soja SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, W Tennessee Expt Stn, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Diers, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bdiers@uiuc.edu NR 9 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1671 EP 1672 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.001 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700080 ER PT J AU Shannon, JG Nelson, RL Wrather, JA AF Shannon, JG Nelson, RL Wrather, JA TI Registration of S99-11509 and S99-11986 improved soybean germplasm with diverse pedigree SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. USDA, ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Shannon, JG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, POB 160, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM shannong@missouri.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1672 EP 1673 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.002 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700081 ER PT J AU Shannon, JG Sleper, DA Arelli, PR Burton, JW Wilson, RF Anand, SC AF Shannon, JG Sleper, DA Arelli, PR Burton, JW Wilson, RF Anand, SC TI Registration of S01-9269 soybean germplasm line resistant to soybean cyst nematode with seed oil low in saturates SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, ARS, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shannon, JG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, POB 160, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM shannong@missouri.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1673 EP 1674 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.005 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700082 ER PT J AU Devine, TE AF Devine, TE TI Registration of TW 98-1 soybean genetic stock SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TWIN SPOTS C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Sustainable Sgr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Devine, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Sustainable Sgr Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM devinet@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1674 EP 1675 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.060 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700083 ER PT J AU Jia, Y AF Jia, Y TI Registration of Katy lesion mimic mutant 1 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RICE C1 USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM Yjia@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1675 EP 1675 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0481 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700084 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Gorz, HJ Haskins, FA AF Vogel, KP Gorz, HJ Haskins, FA TI Registration of N30-N56, N741, N743, N745, N747, U362, U363, U367, U369-U374, U389-U394, U396-U398, and U500 sweetclover genetic stocks SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL-DEFICIENT MUTANTS; MELILOTUS-ALBA-ANNUA; INHERITANCE; COMPLEMENTATION; EXPRESSION; DOMINANCE; MUTATION; ABSENCE; DWARF C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, 344 Keim Hall,POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kpv@unlserve.unl.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1675 EP 1678 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0709 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948KC UT WOS:000230713700085 ER PT J AU Rooney, AP Swezey, JL Wicklow, DT McAtee, MJ AF Rooney, AP Swezey, JL Wicklow, DT McAtee, MJ TI Bacterial species diversity in cigarettes linked to an investigation of severe pneumonitis in US military personnel deployed in operation Iraqi freedom SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; SP-NOV; SMOKING; SEQUENCES; CEREUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS; IDENTIFICATION; BACTEREMIA AB This report presents results from a study on the bacterial diversity of cigarette brands collected from military personnel during the U.S. Army's investigation of a series of cases of acute eosinophilic pneumonitis in military personnel deployed in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Eight species of Bacillus, including five new species, and one new species of Kurthia were isolated from the cigarettes. Some of these species have been identified elsewhere as causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other respiratory syndromes. All of the isolates were facultative anaerobes, and many displayed mucoid growth under anaerobic conditions. In addition, many isolates also displayed the ability to form surface biofilms under liquid culture. Although biofilm formation and mucoid growth were not correlated, the former was found to be much more pronounced under anaerobic conditions as opposed to aerobic ones. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Mycotoxins Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Rooney, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM rooney@ncaur.usda.gov NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 51 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s00284-005-4491-z PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 949WE UT WOS:000230818800010 PM 15942700 ER PT J AU Scanes, CG Jeftinija, S Glavaski-Joksimovic, A Proudman, J Aramburo, C Anderson, LL AF Scanes, CG Jeftinija, S Glavaski-Joksimovic, A Proudman, J Aramburo, C Anderson, LL TI The anterior pituitary gland: Lessons from livestock SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Farm Animal Endocrinology CY JUL 04-06, 2004 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Int Soc Farm Anim Endocrinol DE pituitary; LH; GH; prolactin variants ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; FOLLICULO-STELLATE CELLS; CHICKEN GROWTH-HORMONE; EXCITATORY AMINO-ACIDS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; PHOSPHORYLATED PROLACTIN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; UNMODIFIED PROLACTIN; STIMULATING-HORMONE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY AB There has been extensive research of the anterior pituitary gland of livestock and poultry due to the economic (agricultural) importance of physiological processes controlled by it including reproduction, growth, lactation and stress. Moreover, farm animals can be biomedical models or useful in evolutionary/ecological research. There are for multiple sites of control of the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones. These include the potential for independent control of proliferation, differentiation, de-differentiation and/or inter-conversion cell death, expression and translation, post-translational modification (potentially generating multiple isoforms with potentially different biological activities), release with or without a specific binding protein and intra-cellular catabolism (proteolysis) of pituitary hormones. Multiple hypothalamic hypophysiotropic peptides (which may also be produced peripherally, e.g. ghrelin) influence the secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones. There is also feedback for hormones from the target endocrine glands. These control mechanisms show broadly a consistency across species and life stages; however, there are some marked differences. Examples from growth hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone will be considered. In addition, attention will be focused on areas that have been neglected including the role of stellate cells, multiple sub-types of the major adenohypophyseal cells, functional zonation within the anterior pituitary and the role of multiple secretagogues for single hormones. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico. RP Scanes, CG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, 617 Allen Hall,POB 6343, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM scanes@research.msstate.edu NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.04.002 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 936XX UT WOS:000229890000003 PM 15905067 ER PT J AU Estienne, MJ Barb, CR AF Estienne, MJ Barb, CR TI The control of adenohypophysial hormone secretion by amino acids and peptides in swine SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Farm Animal Endocrinology CY JUL 04-06, 2004 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Int Soc Farm Anim Endocrinol DE adenohypophysis; amino acids; peptides; swine ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; HYPOTHALAMIC-PREOPTIC AREA; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PIG PITUITARY-CELLS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GROWTH-HORMONE; OPIOID MODULATION; PROLACTIN SECRETION; SUBSTANCE-P; IN-VITRO AB Several different amino acids and peptides control secretion of adenohypophysial hormones and this control may be indirect, via the modulation of hypothalamic hormone secretion. Indeed, classical hypothalamic hormones (e.g., gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH], growth hormone-releasing hormone [GHRH], somatostatin, etc.) may be released into the hypothalarno-hypophysial portal vasculature, travel to the adenohypophysis and there stimulate or inhibit secretion of hormones. Alternatively, some amino acids and peptides exert direct stimulatory or inhibitory effects on the adenohypophysis, thereby impacting hormone secretion. In swine, the most extensively studied modulators of adenohypophysial hormone secretion are the excitatory amino acids (ExAA), namely glutamate and aspartate, and the endogenous opioid peptides (EOP). In general, excitatory amino acids stimulate release of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL). Secretion of adenohypophysial hormones induced by ExAA is primarily, but perhaps not exclusively, a consequence of action at the central nervous system. By acting primarily at the level of the central nervous system, EOP inhibit LH secretion, stimulate GH release and depending on the animal model studied, exert either stimulatory or inhibitory influences on PRL secretion. However, the EOP also inhibited LH release by direct action on the adenohypophysis. More recently, peptides such as neuropeptide-Y (NPY), orexin-B, ghrelin, galanin, and substance P have been evaluated for possible roles in controlling adenohypophysial hormone secretion in swine. For example, NPY, orexin-B, and ghrelin increased basal GH secretion and modulated the GH response to GHRH, at least in part, by direct action on the adenohypophysis. Secretion of LH was stimulated by orexin-B, galanin, and substance P from porcine pituitary cells in vitro. Because the ExAA and various peptides modulate secretion of adenohy- pophysial hormones, these compounds may play an important role in regulating swine growth and reproduction. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Anim Physiol Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Estienne, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mestienn@vt.edu NR 41 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.02.020 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 936XX UT WOS:000229890000004 PM 15927765 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Hausman, GJ Czaja, K AF Barb, CR Hausman, GJ Czaja, K TI Leptin: A metabolic signal affecting central regulation of reproduction in the pig SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Farm Animal Endocrinology CY JUL 04-06, 2004 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Int Soc Farm Anim Endocrinol DE pig; leptin; neuroendocrine; gonadotropin ID HORMONE-RELEASING-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; FEED RESTRICTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; PREPUBERAL GILT; LACTATING SOWS; SERUM; NEURONS AB The discovery of the obesity gene and its product, leptin, it is now possible to examine the relationship between body fat and the neuroendocrine axis. A minimum percentage of body fat may be linked to onset of puberty and weaning-to-estrus interval in the pig. Adipose tissue is no longer considered as only a depot to store excess energy in the form of fat. Recent findings demonstrate that numerous genes, i.e., relaxin, interleukins and other cytokines and biologically active substances such as leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II and Agouti protein are produced by porcine adipose tissue, which could have a profound effect on appetite and the reproductive axis. Hypothalamic neurons are trans synaptically connected to porcine adipose tissue and may regulate adipose tissue function. In the pig nutritional signals such as leptin are detected by the central nervous system (CNS) and translated by the neuroendocrine system into signals, which regulate appetite, hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release and subsequent luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Furthermore, leptin directly affects LH secretion from the pituitary gland independent of CNS input. Changes in body weight or nutritional status are characterized by altered adipocyte function a reduction in adipose tissue leptin expression, serum leptin concentrations and a concurrent decrease in LH secretion. During pubertal development serum leptin levels, hypothalamic leptin receptor mRNA and estrogen-induced leptin gene expression in fat increased with age and adiposity in the pig and this occurred at the time of expected puberty. In the lactating sow serum and milk leptin concentrations were positively correlated with backfat thickness and level of dietary energy fed during gestation as well as feed consumption. Although, these results identify leptin as a putative signal that links metabolic status and neuroendocrine control of reproduction, other adipocyte protein products may play an important role in regulating the reproductive axis in the pig. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Warmia & Mazury Univ, Dept Anim Anat, Olsztyn, Poland. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM rbarb@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.02.024 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 936XX UT WOS:000229890000015 PM 15927773 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB Lauenroth, WK Burke, IC AF Bradford, JB Lauenroth, WK Burke, IC TI The impact of cropping on primary production in the US great plains SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; carbon; cropping; grassland; land use; primary production; regional scale ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LAND-USE CHANGE; HUMAN APPROPRIATION; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL CHANGE; CARBON SINK; GRASSLANDS; SATELLITE; ECOLOGY; MODELS AB Land use and altered carbon dynamics are two of the primary components of global change, and the effect of land use on carbon cycling is a crucial issue in regional scale biogeochemistry. Previous studies have shown that climate and soil conditions control net primary production (NPP) at regional scales, and that agricultural land use can influence NPP at local scales through altered water availability and carbon allocation-patterns. However, few studies have attempted to quantify the effect of cultivation on NPP at regional scales, and no studies have examined this relationship for the most heavily cultivated region of the United States, the Great Plains. We quantified current regional aboveground and belowground productivity (including cultivation) for nine years on a county basis from (1) USDA agricultural census data, and (2) STATSGO range site production values. By comparing these data with values of native vegetation NPP (precultivation) derived from STATSGO, we estimated that cultivation is increasing regional NPP by similar to 10%, or 0.046 Pg C/yr. In addition, we examined the relationship between cultivation of particular crops and NPP change and characterized the influence of individual crops on primary productivity. C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jbbradford@fs.fed.us RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399 NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2005 VL 86 IS 7 BP 1863 EP 1872 DI 10.1890/04-0493 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941YH UT WOS:000230249600023 ER PT J AU Koenig, WD Liebhold, AM AF Koenig, WD Liebhold, AM TI Effects of periodical cicada emergences on abundance and synchrony of avian populations SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bird populations; Breeding Bird Survey; eastern North America; hardwood forests; Magicicada; periodical cicadas; predation; predator satiation; pulsed resources; spatial synchrony ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; PREDATOR SATIATION; MAGICICADA; DYNAMICS; HOMOPTERA; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; FOOD AB We used 37 years of North American Breeding Bird Surveys to test for effects of periodical cicada (Magicicada spp.) emergences on the abundance and spatial synchrony of 24 species of avian predators in hardwood forests of the eastern United States. Fifteen (63%) of the bird species exhibited numerical changes in abundance apparently associated with emergences of the local periodical cicada brood, and intraspecific spatial synchrony of bird abundance was significantly greater between populations sharing the same cicada brood than between populations in the ranges of different broods. Species exhibited at least four partially overlapping temporal patterns. (I) Cuckoos (Coccyzus spp.) occurred in high numbers only during emergence years and subsequently declined in abundance. (2) Red-bellied Woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus), Blue Jays (Cyanocitta cristata), Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), and Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) increased significantly 1-3 years following emergences and then declined. (3) Red-headed Woodpeckers (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), American Crows (Corvus brachyrynchos), Tufted Titmice (Baeolophus bicolor), Gray Catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis), and Brown Thrashers (Toxostoma rufum) were found in significantly low numbers during emergence years, underwent significant numerical increases in the following year, and then stabilized. (4) Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina), Northern Mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos), Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis), and House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) exhibited significantly deviant population numbers 1-2 years prior to emergences, below the long-term mean in the first two species and above the long-term mean in the latter two. These results suggest that the pulses of resources available at 13- or 17-year intervals when periodical cicadas emerge have significant demographic effects on key avian predators, mostly during or immediately after emergences, but in some cases apparently years following emergence events. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Hastings Nat Hist Reservat, Carmel Valley, CA 93924 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Koenig, WD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Hastings Nat Hist Reservat, 38601 E Carmel Valley Rd, Carmel Valley, CA 93924 USA. EM koenigwd@berkeley.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Koenig, Walter/A-5509-2009; OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Koenig, Walter/0000-0001-6207-1427 NR 49 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2005 VL 86 IS 7 BP 1873 EP 1882 DI 10.1890/04-1175 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941YH UT WOS:000230249600024 ER PT J AU Hess, MA Haas, MJ Foglia, TA Marmer, WN AF Hess, MA Haas, MJ Foglia, TA Marmer, WN TI Effect of antioxidant addition on NOx emissions from biodiesel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID OXYGENATED FUEL; DIESEL-ENGINE; COMBUSTION AB Biodiesel is a renewable, domestically produced fuel that has been shown to reduce particulate, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide emissions from diesel engines. Biodiesel produced from certain feedstocks, however, has been shown to cause an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx), which is of particular concern in urban areas that are subject to strict environmental regulations. There are several pathways proposed that try to account for NOx formation during the combustion process, one of which is the Fenimore mechanism. In the Fenimore mechanism, it is postulated that fuel radicals formed during the combustion process react with nitrogen from the air to form NOx. We proposed that if these radical reactions could be terminated, NOx production from biodiesel combustion would decrease. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the ability of antioxidants, which are capable of terminating these kinds of radical reactions, to reduce NOx levels in biodiesel exhaust. Several antioxidants added to a 20% soy biodiesel/80% diesel fuel blend (1320) at a concentration of 1000 ppm were screened using a small, minimally instrumented diesel engine to test their ability to reduce NO, emissions. The engine used for these studies was a single cylinder, direct-injection, air-cooled, naturally aspirated Yanmar engine. The NO and NO2 in the exhaust stream were quantified using electrochemical sensors, and differences in NOx emissions from the combustion of B20 with and without antioxidant were compared. The addition of butylated hydroxyanisole or butylated hydroxytoluene reduced NOx emissions, but the other antioxidants tested did not have this effect. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hess, MA (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mhess@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1749 EP 1754 DI 10.1021/ef049682s PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 948HH UT WOS:000230706200072 ER PT J AU Chernyak, SIM Rice, CP Quintal, RT Begnoche, LJ Hickey, JP Vinyard, BT AF Chernyak, SIM Rice, CP Quintal, RT Begnoche, LJ Hickey, JP Vinyard, BT TI Time trends (1983-1999) for organochlorines and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rainbow smelt; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; polychlorinated biphenyls; toxaphene; time trends ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; GREAT-LAKES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; CONTAMINANT TRENDS; TOXAPHENE; FISHES; TRACKING AB The U.S. Geological Service Great Lakes Science Center has archived rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) collected from the early 1980s to the present. These fish were collected to provide time- and site-dependent contaminant residue data needed by researchers and managers to fill critical data gaps regarding trends and behavior of persistent organic contaminants in the Great Lakes ecosystem. In the present study, data are presented for concentrations of several organochlorine (OC) contaminants in the archived smelt, including DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), toxaphene, and chlordanes in Lakes Michigan and Huron (ML USA) and in Lake Superior (MN, USA). The trends for all the OCs were declining as a first-order decay over the sampled time series (1983/1985-1993/1999) with the exception of toxaphene in Lake Superior and PCBs at the Charlevoix/Little Traverse Bay site in Lake Michigan. Concentration of the emerging contaminant, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), also was traced from its apparent entry into this ecosystem in approximately 1980 until 1999. Time trends for the PBDEs were increasing exponentially at all sites, with concentration-doubling times varying from 1.58 to 2.94 years. C1 US Geol Serv, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. USDA, ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), US Geol Serv, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1632 EP 1641 DI 10.1897/04-390R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 937XU UT WOS:000229960700008 PM 16050579 ER PT J AU Campbell, BT Jones, MA AF Campbell, BT Jones, MA TI Assessment of genotype x environment interactions for yield and fiber quality in cotton performance trials SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE cotton; fiber quality; genotype x environment interaction; lint yield; stability ID STABILITY ANALYSIS; CULTIVARS AB Plant breeding programs involving a wide range of crop plants routinely practice selection (directly or indirectly) for genotypes that display stability for a given trait or set of traits across testing environments through the genotype evaluation process. Genotype stability for trait performance is a direct measure of the presence and effect of genotype x environment interactions, which result from the differential performance of a genotype or cultivar across environments. The genotype evaluation process also requires selection of the proper field trial locations that best represent the target environments the breeding program is directed toward. In this study, we assessed the extent to which genotype x environment interactions affected agronomic performance (lint yield, gin turnout) and fiber quality (fiber length, fiber strength, uniformity index, micronaire, fiber elongation) in a series of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) performance trials in 12 location-year environments in South Carolina. Genotype x environment interactions affecting lint yield were larger in higher yielding environments, while interactions for fiber strength were greater for genotypes with lower mean fiber strength values. Two regions within the South Carolina cotton production areas were identified as proper testing locations for lint yield performance, while testing for fiber strength can be accomplished in any location within the statewide cotton production areas. C1 ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. RP Campbell, BT (reprint author), ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM campbell@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 32 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUL PY 2005 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-4336-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 966XN UT WOS:000232056200008 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Bean, SR Graybosch, RA Park, SH Tilley, M AF Pedersen, JF Bean, SR Graybosch, RA Park, SH Tilley, M TI Characterization of waxy grain sorghum lines in relation to granule-bound starch synthase SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE amylose; amylopectin; granule bound starch synthase; sorghum; starch; waxy ID ORYZA-SATIVA; LOCUS; MAIZE; WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ENDOSPERM; ALLELES; PROTEIN; POLLEN AB The waxy phenotype, associated with endosperm containing little or no amylose, has been recognized in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) since 1933. Although variants of the waxy gene are well characterized in other cereals, the waxy trait has been assumed to be controlled by a single allele, wx, in sorghum. Recent improvements in technologies encourage re-examination of the waxy sorghums. The objectives of this research were therefore to identify and characterize sorghum lines with differing waxy alleles and to describe the actions of those alleles in crosses. Grain of eight waxy sorghum lines (BTxARG1, BTx630, Tx2907, B. 9307, 94C274, 94C278, 94C289, 94C369), three wild-type checks (BWheatland, RTx430, BN122), and F-2 families from crosses among a subset of these lines were evaluated for presence or absence of granule-bound starch synthase ( GBSS), the gene product of the wx locus, and wild-type vs. waxy endosperm. The F-2 segregation ratios were tested for fit to a 3: 1 ratio using Chi-square analyses. Two distinctly different naturally occurring waxy alleles were identified: One with no GBSS (GBSS-), and one with apparently inactive GBSS present (GBSS+). We propose that the waxy allele with no GBSS be designated wx(a), and that waxy allele with apparently inactive GBSS present be designated wx(b). These two alleles are located in close proximity on the waxy locus. The wx(b) allele is dominant to the wx(a) allele in terms of GBSS production, and both are recessive to the wild-type Wx in terms of amylose content. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, NPS Wheat Sorghum & Foragen Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. ARS, USDA, NPA, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, NPS Wheat Sorghum & Foragen Res, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jfp@unlserve.unl.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUL PY 2005 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-5298-5 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 966XN UT WOS:000232056200018 ER PT J AU LeBrasseur, NK Mizer, KC Parkington, JD Sawyer, DB Fielding, RA AF LeBrasseur, NK Mizer, KC Parkington, JD Sawyer, DB Fielding, RA TI The expression of neuregulin and erbB receptors in human skeletal muscle: effects of progressive resistance training SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exercise; strength; growth factor; receptor tyrosine kinase ID MYOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; NEUROMUSCULAR SYNAPSE; CONTRACTILE ACTIVITY; CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT; HEREGULIN; ACTIVATION; ISOFORMS; 3-KINASE; SUBUNIT AB The neuregulin/erbB-signaling axis contributes to the development and growth of multiple mammalian tissues including skeletal muscle. In this study, we sought to characterize the native expression of this system in human skeletal muscle and test the hypothesis that a program of progressive resistance training (PRT) would regulate the expression of neuregulin (NRG) and its cognate receptors. Twelve healthy-male subjects underwent 8-weeks of lower-extremity PRT and muscle biopsies were performed at baseline and following 1- and 8-weeks of the intervention. PRT resulted in significant gains in skeletal muscle strength without appreciable changes in fiber size or myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition. At baseline, Western Blot analysis demonstrated expression of erbB2, erbB3 and erbB4 receptors and multiple NRG isoforms. Following 1- and 8-weeks of PRT, no changes erbB2, erbB4 or NRG expression were observed. ErbB3 expression, however, was significantly increased at both time points compared to baseline. Double labeling of muscle cross-sections revealed increased expression of erbB3 following PRT was not exclusive to fibers staining positive for MHC IIa. Thus, erbB2, erbB3, erbB4 and multiple NRG isoforms are natively expressed in human skeletal muscle. Following PRT, a significant increase in erbB3 was observed. The ability to detect basal expression and alterations in response to physiologic stimuli merit further studies examining the role of this system in skeletal muscle. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Stress Response, Boston, MA 02218 USA. Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Human Physiol Lab, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr, Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP LeBrasseur, NK (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Stress Response, 650 Albany St,X-300, Boston, MA 02218 USA. EM nlebrass@bu.edu OI LeBrasseur, Nathan/0000-0002-2002-0418 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-68144, R01 HL068144]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-007201] NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 94 IS 4 BP 371 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s00421-005-1333-4 PG 5 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 939KP UT WOS:000230071900003 PM 15875210 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Weaver, MA Zablotowicz, RM Horn, BW Shier, WT AF Abbas, HK Weaver, MA Zablotowicz, RM Horn, BW Shier, WT TI Relationships between aflatoxin production and sclerotia formation among isolates of Aspergillus section Flavi from the Mississippi Delta SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxins; sclerotia; Aspergillus flavus; A. parasiticus; A. nomius; maize; peanut; rice; soil ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; PARASITICUS; MYCOTOXIN; STRAINS; PEANUT; FIELD; SOIL; POPULATIONS; ASSOCIATION; TAMARII AB Aspergillus section Flavi isolates, predominately A. flavus, from different crops and soils differed significantly in production of aflatoxin and sclerotia. About 50% of the isolates from corn, soil and peanut produced large sclerotia, while only 20% of the rice isolates produced large sclerotia. There was a higher frequency of small sclerotia-producing isolates from rice compared to the other sources and isolates that did not produce sclerotia were significantly less likely to be toxigenic than strains that produced large sclerotia. C1 USDA ARS, CG&PRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, CG&PRU, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM habbas@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 112 IS 3 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s10658-004-4888-8 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 942DM UT WOS:000230263100008 ER PT J AU Rabon-Stith, KM Hagberg, JM Phares, DA Kostek, MC Delmonico, MJ Roth, SM Ferrell, RE Conway, JM Ryan, AS Hurley, BF AF Rabon-Stith, KM Hagberg, JM Phares, DA Kostek, MC Delmonico, MJ Roth, SM Ferrell, RE Conway, JM Ryan, AS Hurley, BF TI Vitamin D receptor FokI genotype influences bone mineral density response to strength training, but not aerobic training SO EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID START CODON POLYMORPHISM; WEIGHT-BEARING EXERCISE; TRANSLATION INITIATION CODON; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; OLDER MEN; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; GENE POLYMORPHISMS; PHYSICAL EXERCISE; AMERICAN WOMEN AB To determine the influence of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene FokI and BsmI genotype on bone mineral density response to two exercise training modalities, 206 healthy men and women (50-81 years old) were studied before and after similar to 5-6 months of either aerobic exercise training (AT) or strength training (ST). A totla of 123 subjects completed AT (51 men, 72 women) and 83 subjects completed ST (40 men, 43 women). DNA was extracted from blood samples of all subjects and genotyping was performed at the VDR FokI and BsmI locus to determine its association to training response. Total body, greater trochanter and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) were measured before and after both training programmes using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. VDR BsmI genotype was not significantly related to BMD at baseline or after ST or AT. However, VDR FokI genotype was significantly related to ST- but not AT-induced changes in femoral neck BMD (P < 0.05). The heterozygotes (Ff) in the ST group approached a significantly greater increase in femoral neck BMD (P= 0.058) compared to f homozygotes. There were no significant genotype relationships in the AT group. These data indicate that VDR FokI genotype may influence femoral neck BMD response to ST, but not AT. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21244 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Baltimore, MD 21244 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Human Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. USDA, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rabon-Stith, KM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kstith@umd.edu OI Roth, Stephen/0000-0002-7841-3695 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG22791, AG00268, AG15389, AG17474, R01 AG21500, T32AG00219] NR 55 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-0670 J9 EXP PHYSIOL JI Exp. Physiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 90 IS 4 BP 653 EP 661 DI 10.1113/expphysiol.2005.030197 PG 9 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 939DH UT WOS:000230052000027 PM 15890796 ER PT J AU Kajinami, K Masuya, H Hoshiba, Y Takeda, K Sato, R Okabayashi, M Schaefer, EJ AF Kajinami, K Masuya, H Hoshiba, Y Takeda, K Sato, R Okabayashi, M Schaefer, EJ TI Statin response and pharmacokinetics variants SO EXPERT OPINION ON PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Review DE adverse event; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; pharmacogenetics; pharmacokinetics ID HMG-COA-REDUCTASE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ANION TRANSPORTING POLYPEPTIDE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AVERAGE CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION; OATP-C SLC21A6; LOWERING RESPONSE; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES AB Despite statin therapy being effective in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, the benefit of treatment varies between individuals. Interindividual variations in pharmacokinetics play a central role in the cause of variability of drug disposition, and, in turn, the drug's clinical efficacy. Exploring genetic variations that influence pharmacokinetics may lead clinicians to apply the most efficient and safe drug therapy. So far, variants in eight candidate genes related to pharmacokinetics of statins have been investigated as the potential determinant of drug responsiveness or adverse event risk. All reported data remains inconclusive, but it has been suggested that combined analysis of more than two different polymorphisms, or a combination of genetic association and studies using in vitro recombinant expression techniques, may be more informative in predicting the specific phenotype of a genetic variant. Future studies using these approaches could provide more striking evidence, which may be sufficient to justify genetic analysis regarding pharmacokinetic variants in the clinical practice of statin therapy. C1 Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kajinami, K (reprint author), Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. EM kajinanii@kanazawa-med.ac.jp NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1465-6566 J9 EXPERT OPIN PHARMACO JI Expert Opin. Pharmacother. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1291 EP 1297 DI 10.1517/14656566.6.8.1291 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 952GG UT WOS:000230991400001 PM 16013979 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, M Renaut, J Hausman, JF Witters, E Van Onckelen, H Bassett, C Artlip, T AF Wisniewski, M Renaut, J Hausman, JF Witters, E Van Onckelen, H Bassett, C Artlip, T TI Proteomics of cold acclimation and photoperiod in woody plants: differential in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DiGE) of soluble proteins extracted from peach bark tissue SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT IUBMB 50th Anniversary Symposium CY JUL 02-07, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Int Union Biochem Molecular Biol C1 ARS, USDA, Kearneysville, WV USA. Ctr Rech Publ Gabriel Lippmann, CREBS, Ctr Rech Publ, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Lab Plant Biochem, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. EM mwisniew@afrs.ars.usda.gov RI renaut, jenny/K-3216-2012; HAUSMAN, Jean-Francois/D-1356-2009 OI renaut, jenny/0000-0002-0450-3866; HAUSMAN, Jean-Francois/0000-0001-6103-7817 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 272 SU 1 BP 465 EP 465 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 005MG UT WOS:000234826102405 ER PT J AU Green, DW Lowell, EC Hernandez, R AF Green, DW Lowell, EC Hernandez, R TI Structural lumber from dense stands of small-diameter Douglas-fir trees SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TENSILE-STRENGTH AB Small-diameter trees growing in overstocked dense stands are often targeted for thinning to reduce fire hazard and improve forest health and ecosystem diversity. In the Pacific Northwest and Intermountain regions, Douglas-fir can be a predominant species in such stands. In this study, mechanical properties and grade yield of structural products were estimated for 2 by 4 lumber cut from logs of small-diameter Douglas-fir trees from a stand in nor-them California. The results indicate that 70- to 90-year-old suppressed Douglas-fir has excellent potential for the production of all structural lumber products. Grade recovery was determined using five grading systems. When graded as Structural Light Framing, 68 percent of the lumber made Select Structural as Light Framing, 74 percent made Construction grade, 89 percent made STUD grade, 90 percent made 2400Fb-2.0E under machine stress rating rules, and 46 percent would qualify as stock for glue laminated beams. Care must be taken in kiln-drying to avoid the commonly observed problem of twist. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Green, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM dwgreen@fs.fed.us; elowell@fs.fed.us; rhernandez@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 55 IS 7-8 BP 42 EP 50 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 958HK UT WOS:000231435100006 ER PT J AU Falk, RH Janowiak, JJ Cosper, SD Drozdz, SA AF Falk, RH Janowiak, JJ Cosper, SD Drozdz, SA TI Remilling of salvaged wood siding coated with lead-based paint. Part I. Lead exposure SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB It is well known that the lead contained in lead-based paint (LBP) can pose a serious human health risk if ingested. In our nation's building infrastructure, millions of meters of high quality salvageable lumber have been coated with LBP. The study presented in this and a companion paper investigated the feasibility of producing several standardized wood product profiles, including flooring, bevel siding, and paneling, from salvaged LBP-coated wood. This paper presents the results of an evaluation of worker and workplace exposure to lead during wood remilling operations. Approximately 2180 in (7,152 ft) of painted Douglas-fir drop siding salvaged from deconstructed U.S. Army barracks was evaluated. Results indicate that when properly sized and specified, commonly available woodworking machinery and dust collection systems can be used to safely profile, filter, and collect waste LBP shavings and dust from remachining operations. Lead exposure to workers in the vicinity of remanufacturing operations was found to be less than one-tenth that of the OSHA permissible exposure limit for indoor lead exposure. In addition, lead present on the produced wood product was found to be a fraction of that found on the original painted wood material. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Falk, RH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM rfalk@wisc.edu; jjj2@psu.edu; stephen.d.cosper@erdc.usace.army.mil; susan.a.drozdz@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 55 IS 7-8 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 958HK UT WOS:000231435100012 ER PT J AU Janowiak, JJ Falk, RH Beakler, BW Lampo, RG Napier, TR AF Janowiak, JJ Falk, RH Beakler, BW Lampo, RG Napier, TR TI Remilling of salvaged wood siding coated with lead-based paint. Part 2. Wood product yield SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Many U.S. military buildings being targeted for removal contain large quantities of potentially reusable wood materials. In this study, we evaluated approximately 2180 in (7,152 ft) of painted Douglas-fir siding salvaged from U.S. Army barracks. Utilizing a conventional woodworking molder, we evaluated the feasibility of producing several standardized wood product profiles, including flooring, bevel siding, and paneling. Evaluation of visual quality followed by remanufacture of siding coated with lead-based paint indicated that valuable wood products could be produced from the salvaged siding; however, this value is dependent on several factors, including the original quality (grade) as well as the extent of damage (e.g., nail holes, splits, discoloration, decay, weathering). We conclude that wood siding salvaged from military buildings can be successfully remanufactured into value-added products. Tongue & groove (T&G) flooring is a promising product in particular since short pieces of siding can be utilized. As much as 50 percent of the weight of salvaged siding can be diverted from landfill disposal by remanufacturing into T&G flooring. In addition, the market value of T&G flooring may be less affected by nail holes in the salvaged siding. We estimate that T&G flooring has a potential sale value of $3 to $6 per square foot and remanufactured Douglas-fir millwork has a potential producer sale value of about $1.20 to $1.90 per board foot. C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. USA, Corps Construct Engn Res Lab, Urbana, IL USA. RP Janowiak, JJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jj2@psue.edu; rfalk@wisc.edu; bwb113@psu.edu; richard.g.lampo@erdc.usace.army.mil; thomas.r.napier@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 55 IS 7-8 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 958HK UT WOS:000231435100013 ER PT J AU Carvalho, CHS Boddu, J Zehr, UB Axtell, JD Pedersen, JF Chopra, S AF Carvalho, CHS Boddu, J Zehr, UB Axtell, JD Pedersen, JF Chopra, S TI Genetic and molecular characterization of Candystripe1 transposition events in sorghum SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE 3-deoxyflavonoids; Candystripe1; enhancer/suppressor-mutator; phlobaphenes; Sorghum bicolor ID PLANT TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; MAIZE-P-GENE; MUTABLE PIGMENTATION; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; ACTIVATOR AC; ZEA-MAYS; SEQUENCE; MUTAGENESIS; BICOLOR; LOCUS AB In sorghum, the Candystripe1 (Cs1) transposable element causes a variegated pericarp phenotype due to its excision activity from the y1 (yellow seed1) locus. The Y1 is a transcription regulator which is required for the biosynthesis of red 3-deoxyflavonoid pigments. Somatic variability in the transposition behavior of Cs1 was observed via biochemical analysis of 3-deoxyflavonoids in the leaf tissues of the Y1-cs alleles. Using somatic excisions of Cs1 as a tool, we establish that the Cs1 is active in young seedlings and the y1 locus is also functional in these tissues. Several somatic and germinal excision events were characterized and sequence analysis of independent events predominantly showed 2-bp footprints. Further, with the goal of understanding the properties of Cs1 that would facilitate the development of a transposon tagging system in sorghum, germinal excisions of Cs1 from y1 were used as a marker. Transposition of Cs1 was followed by characterization of putative insertion events. Genetic linkage between mutant phenotypes and the co-segregating restriction fragments of Cs1 provided additional evidence that Cs1 is an active transposable element in sorghum. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EMBRAPA, BR-37026400 Varginha, MG, Brazil. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Chopra, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 Agr Sci & Ind Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sic3@psu.edu NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD JUL PY 2005 VL 124 IS 2-3 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s10709-005-2268-8 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 942EP UT WOS:000230266000009 PM 16134333 ER PT J AU Lin, JY Jacobus, BH SanMiguel, P Walling, JG Yuan, Y Shoemaker, RC Young, ND Jackson, SA AF Lin, JY Jacobus, BH SanMiguel, P Walling, JG Yuan, Y Shoemaker, RC Young, ND Jackson, SA TI Pericentromeric regions of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) chromosomes consist of retroelements and tandemly repeated DNA and are structurally and evolutionarily labile SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEQUENCE ORGANIZATION; CENTROMERIC REGIONS; CEREAL CHROMOSOMES; PLANT CENTROMERES; SATELLITE REPEAT; RNA INTERFERENCE; RESISTANCE GENE AB Little is known about the physical makeup of heterochromatin in the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) genome. Using DNA sequencing and molecular cytogenetics, an initial analysis of the repetitive fraction of the soybean genome is presented. BAC 076J21, derived from linkage group L, has sequences conserved in the pericentromeric heterochromatin of all 20 chromosomes. FISH analysis of this BAC and three subclones on pachytene chromosomes revealed relatively strict partitioning of the hetcrochromatic and euchromatic regions. Sequence analysis showed that this BAC consists primarily of repetitive sequences such as a 102-bp tandem repeat with sequence identity to a previously characterized similar to 120-bp repeat (STR120). Fragments of Calypso-like retroelements, a recently inserted SIRE1 element, and a SIRE1 solo LTR were present within this BAC. Some of these sequences are methylated and are not conserved Outside of G. max and G. soja, a close relative of soybean, except for STR102, which hybridized to a restriction fragment from G. latifolia. These data present a picture of the repetitive fraction of the soybean genome that is highly concentrated in the pericentromeric regions, consisting of rapidly evolving tandem repeats with interspersed retroelements. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Hort, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jackson, SA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sjackson@purdue.edu RI SanMiguel, Phillip/I-2196-2015 OI SanMiguel, Phillip/0000-0002-3742-9527 NR 55 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUL PY 2005 VL 170 IS 3 BP 1221 EP 1230 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.041616 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 953RH UT WOS:000231097700021 PM 15879505 ER PT J AU Borgesen, CD Schaap, MG AF Borgesen, CD Schaap, MG TI Point and parameter pedotransfer functions for water retention predictions for Danish soils SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE pedotransfer functions; hydraulic properties; neural network ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BULK-DENSITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; NEURAL-NETWORKS; ORGANIC-MATTER; TEXTURE; CURVES; DATABASE AB Estimates of soil water retention characteristics using pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are useful in many studies, such as hydrological modelling and soil mapping. The objective of this study was to calibrate and validate point and parametric PTF models based on neural networks and the Bootstrap method using different sets of predictors. The point PTF models estimated retention points at -1, -10, -100, and -1500 kPa pressure and the parametric PTF models estimated the van Genuchten retention parameters. A Danish soil data set (3226 horizons) dominated by sandy and sandy loamy soil, was used in the analysis. The data were split up into a calibration data set (N=1618 horizons) and a testing data set (N= 1608). The data were evaluated with the root mean square residuals (RMSR) and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), both obtained from measured and predicted water contents at the four retention points. The results for the point PTF models show similar predictions using detailed soil textural classification (seven textural classes) compared to a simplified textural classification (sand, silt, and clay). In general, we found that adding bulk density (BD) and soil organic matter (SOM) as predictors increased the prediction capability. The RMSR values varied between 0.037 and 0.051 cm(3) cm (3) and the lowest RMSR values were found for the models that used the most detailed data. The AIC followed the change in RMSR closely. The RMSR values for the parametric PTF models were generally 0.011 cm(3) cm (3) higher than the point PTF models using the same predictors. This was mainly due to an imperfect fit of the van Genuchten retention model to the retention data at 1500 kPa, Adding measured soil water content at -10 kPa in the parametric PTF models reduced the RMSR by 0.006 cm(3) cm(3). Adding additional soil water contents measured at -1 kPa, -100 kPa, and -1500 kPa improved the predictions only to a minor degree. The uncertainty in the prediction of water content using both the point and parametric PTF increased with increasing clay content, Another finding was that the absolute uncertainty in point PTF predictions of water content at - 10 kPa was generally higher than the uncertainty found at -1, -100, and -1500 kPa. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. EM christen.borgesen@agrsci.dk NR 38 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 154 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j/geoderma.2004.11.025 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 941AN UT WOS:000230187100014 ER PT J AU Johnson, NC Wolf, J Reyes, MA Panter, A Koch, GW Redman, A AF Johnson, NC Wolf, J Reyes, MA Panter, A Koch, GW Redman, A TI Species of plants and associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediate mycorrhizal responses to CO2 enrichment SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AM fungi; arbuscular mycorrhizas; carbon dioxide enrichment; CO2; experimental scale; Gigasporaceae; Glomus; mutualism; mycorrhizal function; nitrogen ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS L; ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; P UPTAKE; COLONIZATION; NUTRIENT; NITROGEN; IMPACT AB It has been suggested that enrichment of atmospheric CO2 should alter mycorrhizal function by simultaneously increasing nutrient-uptake benefits and decreasing net C costs for host plants. However, this hypothesis has not been sufficiently tested. We conducted three experiments to examine the impacts of CO2 enrichment on the function of different combinations of plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi grown under high and low soil nutrient availability. Across the three experiments, AM function was measured in 14 plant species, including forbs, C-3 and C-4 grasses, and plant species that are typically nonmycorrhizal. Five different AM fungal communities were used for inoculum, including mixtures of Glomus spp. and mixtures of Gigasporaceae (i.e. Gigaspora and Scutellospora spp.). Our results do not support the hypothesis that CO2 enrichment should consistently increase plant growth benefits from AM fungi, but rather, we found CO2 enrichment frequently reduced AM benefits. Furthermore, we did not find consistent evidence that enrichment of soil nutrients increases plant growth responses to CO2 enrichment and decreases plant growth responses to AM fungi. Our results show that the strength of AM mutualisms vary significantly among fungal and plant taxa, and that CO2 levels further mediate AM function. In general, when CO2 enrichment interacted with AM fungal taxa to affect host plant dry weight, it increased the beneficial effects of Gigasporaceae and reduced the benefits of Glomus spp. Future studies are necessary to assess the importance of temperature, irradiance, and ambient soil fertility in this response. We conclude that the affects of CO2 enrichment on AM function varies with plant and fungal taxa, and when making predictions about mycorrhizal function, it is unwise to generalize findings based on a narrow range of plant hosts, AM fungi, and environmental conditions. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Johnson, NC (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Nancy.Johnson@nau.edu RI wolf, julie/I-6829-2012 OI wolf, julie/0000-0002-1437-982X NR 45 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 39 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1156 EP 1166 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00967.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 943FB UT WOS:000230336800014 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE Stover, E AF Hummer, KE Stover, E TI Trends and fashions in fruit cultivar production SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 490 EP 491 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 942AV UT WOS:000230256200015 ER PT J AU Stover, E Castle, W Chao, CCT AF Stover, E Castle, W Chao, CCT TI Trends in US sweet orange, grapefruit, and mandarin-type cultivars SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Trends and Fashions in Fruit Cultivar Development CY JUL 19, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP Amer Pomol Soc DE citrus; grapefruit; juice; mandarin; orange; processing ID CITRUS; MARKERS; ORIGIN AB The world market for citrus (Citrus spp.) products has undergone dramatic shifts over the last decade. These shifts are influencing development and planting of new citrus cultivars. Seedlessness and very easy peeling have become paramount in mandarin types (C. reticulata and hybrids), and new cultivars; are being developed through plant breeding and selection of new sports. In both sweet orange (C. sinensis) and grapefruit (C. paradisi), essentially all important cultivars a-re derived from a single original hybrid of each fruit type, and plant improvement has focused on selection of sports with redder color and extended maturity. The existence of many active citrus breeding programs makes it likely that we will continue to see evolution of new citrus cultivars over the foreseeable future. C1 Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Stover, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 501 EP 506 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 942AV UT WOS:000230256200018 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Drake, SR Heidt, ML Watkins, MA Tang, J Wang, S AF Hansen, JD Drake, SR Heidt, ML Watkins, MA Tang, J Wang, S TI Evaluation of radio frequency-hot water treatments for postharvest control of codling moth in 'Bing' sweet cherries SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; heat treatment; quarantine; fruit quality ID POMONELLA L. LEPIDOPTERA; CYDIA-POMONELLA; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; TORTRICIDAE; EFFICACY; FRUIT AB Quarantine regulations require domestic sweet cherries (Prunus avium) exported to Japan to be treated to control codling moth [ Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)]. The current procedure, methyl bromide fumigation, may be discontinued because of health, safety, and environmental concerns. To examine a potential alternative method, 'Bing' sweet cherries were each infested with a codling moth larva, submerged in a 38 degrees C water bath for 6 minutes pretreatment, then exposed to various temperatures generated by radio frequency and held at that temperature for different times: 50 degrees C for 6 minutes, 51.6 degrees C for 4 minutes, 53.3 degrees C for 0.5 minutes, and 54.4 degrees C for 0.5 minutes. Insect mortality was evaluated 24 hours after treatment and fruit quality was evaluated after treatment and after 7 and 14 days of storage at 1 degrees C. No larvae survived at the 50 and 51.6 degrees C treatments. Fruit color of non-infested cherries was darkened as temperature increased. Stem color was severely impacted after 7 days of storage, even in a warm water bath of 38 degrees C for 6 minutes, as was fruit firmness at the same treatment. Fruit quality loss increased after 14 days of storage, compared to after 7 days of storage. The amount of pitting and bruising of cherries increased with temperature and again this increase was more evident after 14 days of storage. C1 ARS, USDA, YARL, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. ARS, USDA, TFRL, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, YARL, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM jimbob@yarl.ars.usda.gov RI Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009; Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004; NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 613 EP 616 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 942AV UT WOS:000230256200036 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Zasada, IA Tenuta, M Roberts, DP AF Meyer, SLF Zasada, IA Tenuta, M Roberts, DP TI Application of a biosolid soil amendment, calcium hydroxide, and streptomyces for management of root-knot nematode on cantaloupe SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beneficial microbes; Cucumis melo; integrated pest management; Meloidogyne incognita; N-Viro Soil (TM) ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; AMMONIA-RELEASING COMPOUNDS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; NITROUS-ACID; JAVANICA; MICROSCLEROTIA; SUPPRESSION; TOXICITY AB The biosolid soil amendment N-Viro Soil (NVS) and a Streptomyces isolate (S 99-60) were tested for effects on root-knot nematode [RKN (Meloidogyne incognita)] egg populations on cantaloupe (Cucumis melo). Application of 3% NVS (dry weight amendment/dry weight soil) in the soil mixture resulted in significant (P <= 0.01) suppression of RKN egg numbers on cantaloupe roots compared to all other treatments, including 1% NVS and untreated controls. Ammonia accumulation was higher with the 3% NVS amendment than with any other treatment. Adjustment of soil pH with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)(2)] to the same levels that resulted from NVS amendment did not suppress nematode populations. When cultured in yeast-malt extract broth and particularly in nutrient broth, S 99-60 was capable of producing a compound(s) that reduced RKN egg hatch and activity of second-stage juveniles. However, when this isolate was applied to soil and to seedling roots, no suppression of RKN egg populations was observed on cantaloupe roots. Combining S 99-60 with NVS or Ca(OH)(2) did not result in enhanced nematode suppression compared to treatments applied individually. The results indicated that NVS application was effective at suppressing RKN populations through the accumulation of ammonia to levels lethal to the nematode in soil. C1 ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace BARC W, Bldg 011A,Rm 165B,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM meyerf@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 635 EP 641 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 942AV UT WOS:000230256200040 ER PT J AU Hammond, RW AF Hammond, RW TI OBPC Symposium: Maize 2004 & Beyond - Plant virus-based vectors in agriculture and biotechnology SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the Ohio-Plant-Biotechnology-Consortium (OPBC) CY OCT 22-23, 2004 CL Toledo, OH SP Ohio Plant Biotechnol Consortium DE pharming; plant-derived biologics; plant virology; recombinant vaccines; VIGS ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; SYSTEMIC EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; BACTERIAL GENE; VIRAL VECTOR AB The study of plant viruses and their interaction with the plant host has contributed greatly to our understanding of plant biology. The recent development of plant viruses as transient expression vectors has not only enhanced our understanding of virus biology and antiviral defense mechanisms in plants, but has also led to the use of plant viral-based vectors as tools for gene discovery and production of recombinant proteins in plants for control of human and animal diseases. An overview of the state-of-the-art of viral expression systems is presented, as well as examples from our laboratory on their use in identifying nuclear targeting motifs on viroid molecules and development of therapeutic proteins for control of animal diseases. C1 ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammond, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Room 214,Bldg 004 BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hammondr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1079/IVP2005661 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 962CH UT WOS:000231708100008 ER PT J AU Reed, BM Schumacher, L Dumet, D Benson, EE AF Reed, BM Schumacher, L Dumet, D Benson, EE TI Evaluation of a modified encapsulation-dehydration procedure incorporating sucrose pretreatments for the cryopreservation of ribes germplasm SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium (OPBC) CY OCT 22-23, 2004 CL Toledo, OH DE black currant; conservation; gene bank; gooseberry; liquid nitrogen ID COLD-ACCLIMATION; SHOOT-TIPS; MERISTEMS; PROTOCOLS; RECOVERY; CONSERVATION AB A modified encapsulation-dehydration cryopreservation protocol based on the replacement of cold acclimation with high-sucrose pretreatment was assessed for the long-term storage of Ribes germplasm. Four steps in the procedure were examined for eight genotypes: (1) pregrowth of shoot tips in sucrose-supplemented solid growth medium for 1 wk; (2) pretreatment of alginate-encapsulated shoot tips in sucrose-supplemented liquid culture medium for 21 h; (3) evaporative desiccation of encapsulated-dehydrated shoot tips; and (4) exposure to liquid nitrogen (LN). Differential responses were observed for black currant and gooseberry genotypes. Recovery of growing shoots was high (72-100%) at all four steps for the five black currants tested. Evaporative desiccation slightly decreased viability for some black currants and in some cases LN exposure reduced regrowth. In contrast, three gooseberry species had poor recovery from the initial sucrose culture step (32-67%), indicating sensitivity to osmotic stress, which predisposed these genotypes to poor survival after LN exposure (12-26%). The effectiveness of the modified protocol for conserving a wider range of Ribes genotypes was further ascertained by screening 22 genotypes derived from nine Ribes species. The procedure was successful for 18 of the 22 genotypes in the gene bank in Scotland. Screening genotype responses at the time of storage demonstrated regrowth g60% for 15 genotypes, and only four genotypes had regrowth of 0-28%. Additional genotypes were also added to the USDA cryopreserved Ribes collection. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Abertay Dundee, Sch Contemporary Sci, Plant Conservat Grp, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM corbr@ars-grin.gov OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1079/IVP2005664 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 962CH UT WOS:000231708100011 ER PT J AU Ivic-Haymes, SD Smigocki, AC AF Ivic-Haymes, SD Smigocki, AC TI Identification of highly regenerative plants within sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding lines for molecular breeding SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium (OPBC) CY OCT 22-23, 2004 CL Toledo, OH DE Beta vulgaris; embryogenesis; genetic variability; regeneration capacity ID PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; SHOOT REGENERATION; TISSUE-CULTURES; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; TRANSFORMATION; INVITRO; CALLUS; AGROBACTERIUM; INDUCTION AB Development of an efficient transformation method for recalcitrant crops such as sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) depends on identification of germplasm with relatively high regeneration potential. Individual plants of seven sugar beet breeding lines were screened for their ability to form adventitious shoots on leaf disk callus. Disks were excised from the first pair of true leaves of 3-wk-old seedlings or from partially expanded leaves of 8-mo.-old plants and cultured on medium with 4.4 mu M 6-benzylaminopurine for 10 wk. At 5 wk of culture, friable calluses and adventitious shoots began to develop. Rates of callus and shoot formation varied between breeding lines and between individual plants of the same line. Line FC607 exhibited the highest percentage (61%) of plants that regenerated shoots on explants. Among the plants with a positive shoot regeneration response, line FC607 also had the highest mean number (8.3 +/- 1.1) of shoots per explant. Individual plants within each line exhibited a wide range of percentages of explants that regenerated shoots. A similar variation was observed in the number of shoots that regenerated per explant of an individual plant. No loss of regeneration potential was observed on selected plants maintained in the greenhouse for 3 yr. Regenerated plants exhibited normal phenotypes and regeneration abilities comparable to the respective source plants. Based on our results, it is imperative to screen a large number of individual plants within sugar beet breeding lines in order to identify the high regenerators for use in molecular breeding and improvement programs. C1 ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smigocki, AC (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Bldg 004, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM smigocka@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1079/IVP2005666 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 962CH UT WOS:000231708100019 ER PT J AU Dierig, D AF Dierig, D TI Symposium on Guayule in honor of Dr. Francis Nakayama held at the Association for the Advancement of Industrial crops (AAIC) Annual Meeting, 14 October 2003 in Portland, Oregon, USA SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Dierig, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM ddierig@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.09.001 PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 937IZ UT WOS:000229919100001 ER PT J AU Ray, DT Coffelt, TA Dierig, DA AF Ray, DT Coffelt, TA Dierig, DA TI Breeding guayule for commercial production SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Guayule in honor of Francis Nakayama held at the AAIC Annual Meeting CY OCT 14, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE guayule; parthemium argenillium; plant breeding; apomixes; diversity; yield components; germplasm; rubber; resin; latex ID PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM; RUBBER; LINES; VARIABILITY AB Breeding a new domestic crop, such as guayule, is not appreciably different from enhancement and breeding of conventional crops. In both instances, plant breeders take the available germplasm and search for genetic variability in the desired traits. The major differences are that in new crops plant breeders are often working with an unfamiliar species that is not yet fully domesticated and the available germplasm is often limited. The main objective of the guayule breeding program is to facilitate successful commercialization by developing higher yielding cultivars. Improvement has been accomplished, with newer lines yielding up to 250% more rubber than lines developed in the 1940s and 1950s. This is surprising because the genetic base from which improvements have been made appears to be very narrow, and because guayule reproduces predominately by apomixis (asexual reproduction by seed). Improvements through breeding are dependent upon genetic diversity within the available germplasm, and being able to identify different genotypes. The available germplasm exhibits extreme variability born within and between lines for morphological traits such as height, width and biomass; chemical constituents such as rubber, resin and latex contents; and genetic and chromosomal markers. The measured variation is due partly to facultative (asexual reproduction and sexuality coexisting) nature of apomixis in guayule, which periodically releases genetic variation among progeny. A great amount of this measured variation is due to environment, and selections, to take advantage of genetic differences, must be made within the first 2 years of growth. There have been relatively few individuals involved in guayule breeding. Thus, with limited resources and time, most of the improvements have been made through single-plant selections within populations. Although this method has the potential for only modest long-term gains, improvements occur relatively quickly. Indirect measures have been developed to increase breeding efficiency. For instance, most selections are made for plant height. width and biomass because they are highly correlated with rubber yield. As guayule approaches commercialization, breeding will become a priority and other breeding schemes will be tested and utilized such as: mass selection; recurrent selection among sexually reproducing diploids, followed by chromosome doubling; family selection; crossing high yielding apomictic plants: and crossing high yielding apomictic plants to sexual diploid plants to release new genetic combinations. Crown Copyright (c) 2004 Published by ElsLvier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Ray, DT (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dray@u.arizona.edu NR 44 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.06.005 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 937IZ UT WOS:000229919100003 ER PT J AU Foster, MA Coffelt, TA AF Foster, MA Coffelt, TA TI Guayule agronomics: establishment, irrigated production, and weed control SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Guayule in honor of Francis Nakayama held at the AAIC Annual Meeting CY OCT 14, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE guayule; new crops; irrigation; weed control; natural rubber; hypoallergenic latex ID WATER-STRESS INDEX; ARGENTATUM-GRAY; REGISTRATION; GROWTH; GERMINATION; GERMPLASMS; PARTHENIUM; MORTALITY; PLANT AB Vast amounts of information on the cultivation of guayule were generated by the Emergency Rubber Project (ERP) during World War H, but there were still knowledge gaps in many aspects of guayule growth and development. Multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional research studies from the late 1970s to the present have helped to fill these gaps. Transplanting has been and still is the most reliable method of guayule stand establishment. Direct-seeding has been successful in research plots in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, using seed conditioning techniques and precision planting. The consistent production of high quality guayule seed is essential for reliable establishment by direct-seeding. Although, guayule is a semiarid, drought-tolerant shrub, it must have irrigation for maximum sustained production. Guayule is not an efficient user of water, and may require from 1000 to 1300 mm of applied water (irrigation + rainfall) to attain maximum production. The quantity of irrigation water required depends primarily on the growing region and yield desired. Growers must determine a goal for economical biomass and rubber yield, and adjust inputs accordingly. Research has revealed that guayule responds to nitrogen more than any of the other major nutritional elements. The crop water stress index has been developed for guayule and is a valuable tool for growers to monitor and manage water stress and irrigation scheduling. Clipping has been demonstrated to be a viable harvest technique, and would allow growers an early return on their investment, plus it would delay the cost of stand reestablishment. Increasing salinity results in decreased biomass and rubber yield. Guayule transplants have been shown to maintain production at salinities up to 4.5-4.6 dS/m. Pendimethalin is safe for preemergence weed control in transplanted guayule. A Special Local Needs registration for pendimethalin is in place for the preemergence control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in Arizona. No postemergence treatments have been successful except during guayule's dormant period. Several preemergence herbicides are safe for weed control in direct-seeded guayule. However, no treatments are currently approved. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Pecos, TX 79772 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Foster, MA (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, POB 1549, Pecos, TX 79772 USA. EM ma-foster@tamu.edu NR 93 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.06.006 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 937IZ UT WOS:000229919100004 ER PT J AU Cornish, K Scott, DJ AF Cornish, K Scott, DJ TI Biochemical regulation of rubber biosynthesis in guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Guayule in honor of Francis Nakayama held at the AAIC Annual Meeting CY OCT 14, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE allylic pyrophosphate; guayule; isopentenyl pyrophosphates; molecular weight ID GERANYLGERANYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; PRENYL TRANSFERASE-ACTIVITY; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS-LATEX; ISOPENTENYL PYROPHOSPHATE; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; CIS-1,4-POLYISOPRENE BIOSYNTHESIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; IN-VITRO AB Natural rubber is an irreplaceable raw material vital to industry, transportation, medicine and defense. It is largely produced from clonal plantations of Hevea brasiliensis in southeastern Asia. Ternperate-zone rubber-producing crops are greatly desired to increase biodiversity, protect supplies, and provide a safe natural-rubber alternative for the large numbers of people suffering from Type 1 latex allergy to proteins in latex products. Parthenium argentatum (guayule) is currently under development in the United States as a suitable source of hypoallergenic latex. Improved P. argentatum lines are still desired with higher latex yields, improved agronomic characteristics, and broader growth range. Understanding the biochemical regulation of rubber yield (principally rate of synthesis) and quality (principally molecular weight distribution) in P. argentattan is an essential preliminary to the identification and manipulation of key regulatory steps. In this paper, the biochemical regulation of rubber biosynthesis in P. argentatum will be discussed and unique features highlighted. We find that the P argentatum rubber transferase has kinetic features. such as high K-m(IPP), similar to other rubber producing species. However, P argentatum also has some unique rubber transferase features, including very low K-m(FPP) and negative cooperativity for C-15 farnesyl pyropbosphate (FPP), which affect the way guayule regulates rubber biosynthesis. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), Yulex Corp, 1945 Camino Vida Roble,Suite C, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM kcornish@yulex.com RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.032 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 937IZ UT WOS:000229919100006 ER PT J AU Veatch, ME Ray, DT Mau, CJD Cornish, K AF Veatch, ME Ray, DT Mau, CJD Cornish, K TI Growth, rubber, and resin evaluation of two-year-old transgenic guayule SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE guayule; transgenes; farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPP); geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPP); hexa-heptaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (H-HPP); resin; rubber ID GERANYLGERANYL-DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; BIOSYNTHESIS; PRENYLTRANSFERASE; TRANSFORMATION; PURIFICATION; INITIATION; EXPRESSION AB Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a desert shrub that is a source of hypoallergenic, high-quality latex and rubber. Improvements in rubber content and yield have been made through conventional selection techniques. Further improvements are being attempted by transforming guayule with one of three genes encoding various allylic diphosphate synthases in the rubber biosynthesis pathway. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of these transgenes on growth, rubber and resin production, in field-grown guayule. Tissue culture-generated transgenic plants of the lines AZ 101, AZ-2 and N6-5 were planted in two field plots in 2001 and 2002. In both plots, plant height and width were measured monthly. Branches from each plant were sampled every four months starting at one year of growth. Resin and rubber were quantified by gravimetric analysis after being sequentially extracted with acetone (resin) and cyclohexane (rubber). The 2001 plot was harvested at the end of two years of growth. Transformation had no significant effect on growth of AZ-2 and N6-5 in the two years of the 2001 planting and the first year of the 2002 planting. In the 2001 planting, transformation appeared to have a drastic effect on the height and width of transformed AZ 101 compared with its empty vector control; however, the field in this study was not randomized and lacked non-transformed controls. In the 2002 planting, which was randomized and contained both positive and negative controls, the AZ 101 transformants were significantly larger than the empty vector AZ 101 control, but were not significantly different from the non-transformed controls. In the 2001 planting, resin concentration increased throughout the year up to January 2003, but decreased by the time of harvest in March 2003. Rubber concentration, on the other hand, was high in May 2002, but decreased throughout the summer, before steadily increasing during the winter months. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Veatch, ME (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM veatchm@email.arizona.edu NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.06.007 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 937IZ UT WOS:000229919100008 ER PT J AU Cornish, K Whitehand, LC Van Fleet, JE Brichta, JL Chapman, MH Knuckles, BE AF Cornish, K Whitehand, LC Van Fleet, JE Brichta, JL Chapman, MH Knuckles, BE TI Latex yield and quality during storage of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) homogenates SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE guayule; homogenate; hypoallergenic latex; storage ID HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS LATEX; CROSS-REACTIVITY AB Extraction and purification of latex from guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) require that harvested shrub first be homogenized in an alkaline aqueous buffer. The stability of the latex was investigated in a variety of homogenates and under different storage conditions. Neither the length of post-harvest storage (up to 5 weeks) nor branch diameter affected the concentration of the latex in homogenates. Latex concentration was not affected by the length of grinding time used to make the homogenate. However, latex concentration declined in acidic pH, and the initial latex concentration in homogenate prepared from defoliated shrub was below 4 mg/ml. This decline was less apparent in homogenates made from leafy shrub, suggesting a protective effect derived from the leaves. Storage at 4 degrees C prevented latex loss under all treatments. The quality of the rubber polymers in the latex fraction was investigated using size exclusion chromatography/multiangle laser light scattering detection. Polymer molecular weight and molecular radius declined in parallel, but both declined faster in the dilute homo-enate aenerated from the second grind of the guayule bagasse than in the more concentrated homogenate from once-ground shrub. Degradation was greatly slowed in all treatments when the homogenates were stored refrigerated. Polydispersity values were low in all treatments, only slightly increasing over time, with the exception of homogenate generated by the second grind of shrub in the presence of leaves and stored at 24 degrees C. The relatively rapid polymer degradation of the latex fraction in this homo-enate led to an increase in polydispersity followed by a decrease as the latex fraction was degraded to below detection levels. We conclude that guayule homogenate provides a stable environment for latex yield and quality, even at room temperature, for at least 13-16 weeks provided that the pH is basic and the concentration of rubber particles is at least 4 mg/ml. This is in contrast to the extractable latex content of harvested branches, which is prone to rapid coagulation and degradation in situ unless the branches are stored hydrated and refrigerated. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), Yulex Corp, 1945 Camino Vida Roble,Suite C, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM kcornish@yulex.com NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.07.004 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 937IZ UT WOS:000229919100009 ER PT J AU Coffelt, TA Ray, DT Nakayama, FS Dierig, DA AF Coffelt, TA Ray, DT Nakayama, FS Dierig, DA TI Genotypic and environmental effects on guayule (Parthenium argentatum) latex and growth SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE breeding; germplasm evaluation; hypoallergenic latex; latex yield; genotype x environment interaction; plant growth; biomass ID REGISTRATION; RUBBER AB Guayule (Parthenium argentation Gray) is the best potential source of hypoallergenic latex to replace latex products from the Hevea (Hevea brasiliensis) plant that cause Type I allergies. However, information is not available on environmental effects on latex content and growth of newly released germplasm lines. This knowledge is needed to enhance guayule breeding efforts. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the genotype, environment, and genotype x environment effects on latex content and plant growth of guayule. Four lines were planted in the field at Maricopa, Arizona, USA on 6 April 1995 and 6 March 1996 and at Marana, Arizona, USA on 11 April 1995 and 12 June 1996. Plant height and width measurements were made in the spring of 1997 and latex content and biomass determined in the spring of 1997 and 1998. The main factors that included location, line, and plant age were significant and the interactions not significant for all traits measured. Environment accounted for over 50% of the variability observed in all traits, followed by plant age (16%) and line (10%). These results point to the tremendous impact that environment has on guayule plant growth, biomass, and latex content. We could not determine from these tests whether temperature, soil type, moisture, fertility, or a combination of these or other environmental factors were responsible for this response. Some of the non-significant interactions may have been significant if a larger or wider germplasm base could have been evaluated. Additional studies are needed to determine the environmental factor(s) responsible for the large environmental response we observed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Coffelt, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM tcoffelt@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.07.006 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 937IZ UT WOS:000229919100011 ER PT J AU Savarie, PJ Wood, WS Rodda, GH Bruggers, RL Engeman, RM AF Savarie, PJ Wood, WS Rodda, GH Bruggers, RL Engeman, RM TI Effectiveness of methyl bromide as a cargo fumigant for brown treesnakes SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Boiga irregularis; brown treesnake; fumigation; Guam; integrated pest management; invasive species; methyl bromide; snake control; quarantine ID SNAKE BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; GUAM AB The effectiveness of methyl bromide as a fumigant for brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) management was evaluated on Guam. Eighteen snakes in secured cloth bags were randomly positioned in a 47.7-m(3) tarpaulin-covered cargo container for each fumigation treatment. Methyl bromide treatments tested were: 24 g m(-3) and and 12 g m(-3), both for 2-h and 1-h exposures. All treatments, except for 12 g m(-3) for 1 h, resulted in 100% mortality. Two-hour exposures to methyl bromide at 24 and 12 g m(-3) appear to be effective in killing brown treesnakes within reasonable time-frames for shippers under Guam field conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Savarie, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM peter.j.savarie@aphis.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 56 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2005.04.001 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 956QX UT WOS:000231316000006 ER PT J AU Joshi, RC Meepagala, KM Sturtz, G Cagauan, AG Mendoza, CO Dayan, FE Duke, SO AF Joshi, RC Meepagala, KM Sturtz, G Cagauan, AG Mendoza, CO Dayan, FE Duke, SO TI Molluscicidal activity of vulgarone B from Artemisia douglasiana (Besser) against the invasive, alien, mollusc pest, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Golden apple snail; Pomacea canaliculata; vulgarone B; Artemisia douglasiana; rice ID GOLDEN APPLE SNAIL; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ESSENTIAL OIL; RICE AB Golden apple snail (GAS), Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) is a pest in rice fields in Southeast Asia. Vulgarone B, a sesquiterpene from Artemisia douglasiana Besser, has been shown to have molluscicidal activity against ram's horn snail (Planorbella trivolvis), and, in this study, it was tested against GAS. Laboratory bioassays indicated that vulgarone B had activity comparable to that of the commercial synthetic molluscicide metaldehyde, both with an LC50 at 24 h of about 30 mu M. Sprayed vulgarone B is not toxic to rice seedlings at concentrations that caused 100% mortality of GAS. Vulgarone B, however, caused chlorosis when incorporated into agar on which rice seedlings were grown. At concentrations from 1 to 400 mM, there was no ovicidal activity on egg masses of various ages (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days). These data indicate that vulgarone B could be an effective molluscicide against GAS. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Philippine Rice Res Inst, Dept Agr, Maligaya, Science City Of, Philippines. Aromagen, Albany, OR USA. Cent Luzon State Univ, Freshwater Aquaculture Ctr, Sci City Of Munoz, Philippines. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 EI 1366-5863 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1080/09670870500183161 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 973NB UT WOS:000232528400002 ER PT J AU Noel, GR Atibalentja, N Domier, LL AF Noel, GR Atibalentja, N Domier, LL TI Emended description of Pasteuria nishizawae SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; NORTH-AMERICAN ISOLATE; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; OBLIGATE ENDOPARASITE; BELONOLAIMUS-LONGICAUDATUS; PHYLOGENETIC POSITION; LIFE-CYCLE; 16S RDNA; SP-NOV AB The description of the Gram-positive, obligately parasitic, mycelial and endospore-forming bacterium, Pasteuria nishizawae, is emended to include additional observations on the life cycle, host specificity and endospore morphology. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene is also provided. C1 ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Noel, GR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM g-noel1@uiuc.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 55 BP 1681 EP 1685 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63174-0 PN 4 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 949ZU UT WOS:000230828200045 PM 16014501 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP Kroppenstedt, RM AF Labeda, DP Kroppenstedt, RM TI Stackebrandtia nassauensis gen. nov., sp nov and emended description of the family Glycomycetaceae SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION; SACCHAROTHRIX; NOCARDIA; PROPOSAL AB During the course of a 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic evaluation of putative Glycomyces strains, it was noted that strain NRRL B-16338(T) is phylogenetically nearest to the genus Glycomyces but apparently is not a member of this or any of the other currently described actinomycete genera. The strain was subjected to a polyphasic study using standard methods for chemotaxonomic, morphological and physiological evaluation. The strain exhibited chemotaxonomic characteristics distinct from Glycomyces in spite of having 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 92% with the described species of this genus. The whole-cell sugar pattern of NIRRL B-16338(T) consisted of ribose and inositol, with traces of arabinose and mannose. The phospholipids observed were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and menaquinones consisting of MK-10(H-4), MK-10(H-6), MK-11(H-4) and MK-11(H-6). A significant quantity (14.5%) of 17:0 anteiso 2-hydroxy fatty acid was observed in the fatty acid profile of this strain. These characteristics clearly differentiate NIRRL B-16338(T) from members of the genus Glycomyces and it is proposed that the strain represents a new genus within the family Glycomycetaceae to be called Stackebrandtia gen. nov. The description of this family is emended to permit its inclusion. It is proposed that the type species of the genus should be named Stackebrandtia nassauensis. The type strain LLR-40K-21(T) (= NRRL B-16338(T) = DSM 44728(T)) was isolated from a soil sample from Nassau, Bahamas. C1 ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. DSMZ German Collect Microorganisms & Cell Culture, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM labedadp@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 20 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 55 BP 1687 EP 1691 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63496-0 PN 4 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 949ZU UT WOS:000230828200046 PM 16014502 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Landolt, PJ Darnell, TJ AF Yee, Wee L. Landolt, Peter J. Darnell, Thomas J. TI Attraction of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera : Tephritidae) and nontarget flies to traps baited with ammonium carbonate and fruit volatile lures in Washington and Oregon SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple maggot; component blends; trapping; Chloropidae; Oscinella sp. ID APPLE MAGGOT DIPTERA; RED SPHERES; ORCHARDS; IDENTIFICATION; TESTS; UTAH AB The responses of apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and other Diptera to sticky red sphere or yellow panel traps baited with ammonium carbonate (AC), butyl hexanoate (BH), and two 5-component fruit volatile blends (Blend or Component Blend [CB]) were determined in Washington and Oregon from 2003 to 2005. Flies were consistently more attracted to spheres and yellow panels baited with 10- or 20-g AC lures or 2-g AC lures than to controls and to those baited with BH, Blend, or CB lures. Traps baited with BH and Blend lures were more effective than controls in only a few tests. Placing BH, Blend, and CB lures on traps with AC lures sometimes reduced R. pomonella captures compared with using AC lures alone. Neither ammonium carbonate nor fruit volatiles were highly selective, as more Thaumatomyia annulata (Walker) (Diptera: Chloropidae) flies and nontarget medium to large flies were caught on AC-baited than on Blend- or CB-baited traps, whereas many more Oscinella (Diptera: Chloropidae) flies were caught on Blend- and CB-baited traps than on AC-baited traps. Results indicate that in Washington and Oregon, unlike results in the eastern U.S., AC is superior to identified fruit volatiles for attracting R. pomonella. More effective and selective fruit volatile blends may be needed in areas where nontarget flies caught on AC-baited spheres reduce the ease of inspections and possibly the trap efficiency for R. ponionella. C1 USDA ARS, Yakina Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 418 N, Milton, OR 97862 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 133 EP 149 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 113OG UT WOS:000242606600002 ER PT J AU Hummel, NA Zalom, FG Peng, CYS AF Hummel, Natalie A. Zalom, Frank G. Peng, Christine Y. S. TI Fecundity and success of progeny produced by Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) on single host species SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cicadellidae; citrus; development; grape; glassy-winged sharpshooter; Hemiptera; Homalodisca coagulata; oleander; oviposition ID XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SAY HEMIPTERA; DISEASE; LEAFHOPPER; TRANSMISSION; PREFERENCE; NUTRIENTS; BACTERIA; PLANT AB This study tested the hypothesis that Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) confined to a single host cannot successfully produce progeny and survive to complete a generation. We found that H. coagulata can successfully oviposit and produce viable offspring when confined to a single host species: grape (Vitis vinifera L.) (Vitidaceae), citrus (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck.) (Rutaceae) or oleander (Nerium oleandrum L.) (Apocynaceae). In 2002, more egg masses and adults were found on citrus than on grape or oleander. In 2004, there was no significant difference in the number of egg masses on the different hosts, but more adults were produced on grape than on citrus or oleander. Our results indicate that H. coagulata do not require multiple hosts or a compulsory movement of adults between hosts to produce a subsequent generation. Large populations of H. coagulata could therefore occur in monoculture situations and on hosts that may not be treated in eradication programs. Because citrus and oleanders are commonly found in close proximity both to one another and to grapes, it is important to consider their contributions as sources of H. coagulata when discussing Pierce's disease epidemiology. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hummel, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 151 EP 158 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 113OG UT WOS:000242606600003 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE Lundgren, JG Osborne, SL Pikul, JL AF Riedell, Walter E. Lundgren, Jonathan G. Osborne, Shannon L. Pikul, Joseph L., Jr. TI Effects of soil nitrogen management on soybean nitrogen relations and bean leaf beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) biology SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bean leaf beetle; Coleoptera Chrysomelidae; Cerotoma trifurcata; soybean; Glycine max; nitrogen fertilizer ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; FIXATION; ABUNDANCE AB This study was conducted to determine whether soil fertilizer nitrogen (N) input treatments would impact bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata Forster) biology. The experiment was conducted in the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] phase of a long-term corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean rotation study. Soil N input treatments were: corn fertilized for a yield goal of 8.5 Mg ha(-1) (high N input), 5.3 Mg ha(-1) (medium N input), or corn not fertilized (no N input). Corn and soybean plots also were treated with banded starter fertilizer (112 kg ha(-1)) as 14-16-11, 7-16-11, or 0-16-11 elemental N-P-K on the high N, medium N, and no N input treatments, respectively. First-generation larvae from the medium and no N input plots had significantly larger body size than larvae from the high N input plots. Head capsule widths of first-generation beetles from medium N input plots were significantly larger than beetles that emerged from the other N input plots. Soybeans grown on high N input plots showed higher shoot NO3-N concentration than plants grown on the no N input treatments. Shoot ureide-N concentrations were not significantly different across N input treatments, which suggests that there were few differences in soybean root nodulation across soil N management treatments. Because larvae feed upon root nodules, it was surprising to find significant soil N input treatment effects on bean leaf beetle larval characteristics. Our research clearly shows that nitrogen inputs affected bean leaf beetle immature stages. However, the mechanisms that may be mediating these effects are not readily apparent. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 181 EP 190 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 113OG UT WOS:000242606600006 ER PT J AU Goenaga, R Rivera, E AF Goenaga, Ricardo Rivera, Edmundo TI Growth and nutrient uptake of mangosteen grown under shade levels SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE mangosteen; shade; nutrition; dry matter ID XANTHOSOMA AB Mangosteen is a tropical fruit with great economic potential. The major impediment to the development of a mangosteen industry is the long prebearing stage that seedlings require to produce fruits. There is little information regarding optimum nursery practices to enhance growth and development of mangosteen seedlings. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of various shade and fertilizer treatments on growth of young mangosteen plants. Each experiment lasted 22 months from transplanting to harvest. Seedlings were grown under 0, 30, 50,70 and 90% artificial shade and received 3, 6, and 9 g per pot of a 15-4.8-10.8% (N-P-K) commercial fertilizer mixture at three, eight and 15 months after planting. Plants grown under 50% shade and supplied with 9 g of fertilizer accumulated significantly more dry matter, had thicker stems, grew taller and developed a larger leaf area. Plants grown under full sunlight grew little or died. C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Goenaga, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Ste 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM mayrg@ars-grin.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 158 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 065AV UT WOS:000239132700003 ER PT J AU Salazar, A Pantoja, A Ortiz, J AF Salazar, Amparo Pantoja, Alberto Ortiz, Juan TI Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merr. vs. the corm weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), in plantains SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA Spanish DT Article DE Cosmopolites sordidus; mucuna; intercropping; cover crop; insect density ID NEMATODES AB The effect of the legume Mucuna deeringiana on Cosmopolites sordidus population dynamics and damage was studied in two planting systems: intercropping with mucuna and mucuna as green mulch before establishing the plantain. The relationship between C. sordidus adult density and larval damage was also studied. The presence of M. deeringiana affected the incidence of C. sordidus. The data suggest that C. sordidus adults are attracted by M. deeringiana, but additional studies are needed to better understand the relationship between the legume and the insect. The presence of M. deeringiana did not affect plantain height, stem diameter, or sucker production if the legume was eliminated four months after planting. However, management practices to establish and cultivate the legume increased production costs. Although C. sordidus population densities were low during most of the year, a high population density was recorded from November to January. A second population explosion was recorded between June and August. The highest insect density recorded was 3.5 insects per trap. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Protecc Cutivos, Mayaguez, PR USA. USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Estac Expt Agr, Corozal, PR USA. RP Salazar, A (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Protecc Cutivos, Mayaguez, PR USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 065AV UT WOS:000239132700008 ER PT J AU Pantoja, A Triana, M Bastidas, H Garcia, C Duque, MC AF Pantoja, Alberto Triana, Monica Bastidas, Harold Garcia, Cesar Duque, Myriam C. TI Development of Tibraca obscurata and Tibraca limbativentris (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae) in rice in southwestern Colombia SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE rice; biology; development; Tibraca obscurata; Tibraca limbativentris AB The development of Tibraca obscurata Bergroth and T limbativentris Stal was studied in rice in southwestern Colombia. Tibraca limbativentris required more time to complete development than T obscurata. Females of T limbativentris required more time to complete development than males, but development of T obscurata was similar between sexes. Tibraca limbativentris females live significantly longer than males. Tibraca, limbativentris oviposited over 200 eggs in an 86-day oviposition period. The time from egg deposition to eclosion (egg incubation period) was the same (6.5 d) in the two sexes. C1 Ctr Int Agr Trop, Rice Program, Cali, Colombia. Ctr Int Agr Trop, Biometr Unit, Cali, Colombia. RP Pantoja, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, SARU, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 065AV UT WOS:000239132700010 ER PT J AU Geesink, GH Taylor, RG Koohmaraie, M AF Geesink, GH Taylor, RG Koohmaraie, M TI Calpain 3/p94 is not involved in postmortem proteolysis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calpain; calpastatin; knockout mice; postmortem proteolysis ID MUSCLE-SPECIFIC CALPAIN; LONGISSIMUS TENDERNESS; MEAT TENDERNESS; TENDERIZATION; AUTOLYSIS; STORAGE; P94; ULTRASTRUCTURE; EXPRESSION; CALLIPYGE AB Studies on the correlation between expression and/or autolysis of calpain and postmortem proteolysis in muscle have provided conflicting evidence regarding the possible role of calpain 3 in postmortem tenderization of meat. Thus, the objective of this research was to test the effect of postmortem storage on proteolysis and structural changes in muscle from normal and calpain 3 knockout mice. Knockout mice (n = 6) were sacrificed along with control mice (n = 6). Hind limbs were removed and stored at 4 degrees C; muscles were dissected at 0, 1, and 3 d postmortem and subsequently analyzed individually for degradation of desmin. Pooled samples for each storage time and mouse type were analyzed for degradation of nebulin, dystrophin, vinculin, and troponin-T. In a separate experiment, hindlimb muscles from knockout (n = 4) and control mice (n = 4) were analyzed for structural changes at 0 and 7 d postmortem using light microscopy. As an index of structural changes, fiber detachment, cracked or broken fibers, and the appearance of space between sarcomeres were quantified. Cumulatively, the results of the first experiment indicated that postmortem proteolysis of muscle occurred similarly in control and in calpain 3 knockout mice. Desmin degradation did not differ (P > 0.99), and there were no indications that degradation of nebulin, dystrophin, vinculin, and troponin-T were affected by the absence of calpain 3 in postmortem muscle. Structural changes were affected by time postmortem (P < 0.05), but not by the absence of calpain 3 from the muscles. In conclusion, these results indicate that calpain 3 plays a minor role, if any, in postmortem proteolysis in muscle. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. CCL Res, NL-5462 Veghel, Netherlands. INRA, SRV, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM koohmaraie@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 30 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1646 EP 1652 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OV UT WOS:000235847500019 PM 15956473 ER PT J AU Gaskins, CT Snowder, GD Westman, MK Evans, M AF Gaskins, CT Snowder, GD Westman, MK Evans, M TI Influence of body weight, age, and weight gain on fertility and prolificacy in four breeds of ewe lambs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE efficiency; litter size; reproduction; sheep ID OVINE MILK SCORES; FINNISH LANDRACE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; RANGE CONDITIONS; CROSSBRED EWES; RAMBOUILLET; GROWTH; PUBERTY; ESTRUS; COLUMBIA AB Breeding ewes to lamb at 1 yr of age can improve profitability for some production systems. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of age and weight at breeding and total postweaning weight gain on reproductive performance of ewe lambs. The second objective was to compare the effects of weight and age variables in four major sheep breeds (Columbia, Polypay, Rambouillet, and Targhee). Weights, ages, and the binary traits of fertility (pregnant or nonpregnant) and prolificacy (one lamb born vs. two or more) were collected on 2,055 ewe lambs at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID, from 1984 through 1988. The effects of age and weight at breeding and total weight gain from weaning to breeding on fertility and prolificacy were analyzed with a logit model in a maximum likelihood analyses. Differences (P 0.001) among breeds for fertility were identified, with a 93% fertility rate for Polypay ewe lambs compared with lower fertility rates in Columbia, Targhee, and Rambouillet ewe lambs (50, 60, and 75%, respectively). The percentage of multiple births (prolificacy rate) also was higher (P < 0.001) in the Polypay (47%) than in Columbia, Targhee, and Rambouillet breeds (1, 13, and 14%, respectively). Averaged across breeds, weight at breeding had a positive effect on fertility and prolificacy (P < 0.001), whereas total weight gain from weaning to breeding had a positive effect only on fertility (P < 0.027). In separate analyses for each breed, increasing age (P < 0.001) and weight at breeding (P < 0.001) increased the probability of pregnancy in Rambouillet ewe lambs. The probability of pregnancy for Targhee ewe lambs increased (P < 0.005) with weight at breeding. Increasing weight at breeding increased (P < 0.004) the probability of multiple births in all breeds. Increasing total postweaning weight gain increased (P < 0.007) the probabilities of multiple births in Rambouillet and Targhee ewe lambs. In conclusion, Polypay ewe lambs were superior in fertility and prolificacy to Columbia, Rambouillet, and Targhee under Western range conditions. Improved reproductive performance of Columbia, Rambouillet, and Targhee ewe lambs may be achieved by increasing age and weight at breeding and postweaning gain. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Gaskins, CT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gaskins@wsu.edu NR 25 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1680 EP 1689 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OV UT WOS:000235847500023 PM 15956477 ER PT J AU Roberts, AJ Klindt, J Jenkins, TG AF Roberts, AJ Klindt, J Jenkins, TG TI Effects of varying energy intake and sire breed on duration of postpartum anestrus, insulin like growth factor-1, and growth hormone in mature crossbred cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine; breed; energy; growth hormone; insulin-like growth factor-1; postpartum anestrus ID BINDING-PROTEIN ACTIVITY; DIETARY ENERGY; BRAHMAN COWS; BEEF-CATTLE; DAIRY-COWS; LACTATION; TRAITS; PLASMA; ANGUS; ESTRADIOL AB Objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of seven sire breed groups and three levels of daily ME intake (DMEI = 132 or 189 kcal ME/kg BW0.75 or ad libitum), beginning 5 mo prepartum, on BCS, length of postpartum anestrus, and circulating concentrations of IGF-1 and GH in F, cows (six to eight cows per sire breed in each DMEI group) out of Angus or Hereford dams. At the initiation of the study, BW were 522, 530, 548, 572, 575, 577, and 595 kg for cows sired by Longhorn, Galloway, 1960s Hereford or Angus, 1980s Hereford or Angus, or Nellore, Salers, and Shorthorn bulls, respectively (SE = 13; P < 0.001 for sire breed). After 4 mo on DMEI treatment during the prepartum period, cows fed 132 kcal of ME/kg BW(0.75)gained little to no BW; cows fed 189 kcal ME/kg BW(0.75)gained 50 kg; and cows fed ad libitum gained 70 kg (all groups differ P < 0.05). Concentrations of progesterone in weekly blood samples collected 2 to 14 wk after calving were used to establish when normal luteal function resumed to predict length of postpartum anestrus. Length of anestrus was affected by level of DMEI in cows sired by Galloway, Longhorn, and Nellore bulls, but not other breeds (P < 0.02 for interaction of sire breed and DMEI). Level of DMEI, but not sire breed, affected (P < 0.01) BCS at wk 2 postpartum. Concentrations of IGF-1 at wk 2 postpartum differed (P < 0.001) due to sire breed, and changes in concentrations of IGF-1 from wk 2 to 14 were influenced (P < 0.03) by the interaction of sire breed and level of DMEI; which was primarily the result of differences in rate of decrease over time among different sire breed x level of DMEI groupings. Concentrations of GH did not differ due to sire breed but varied (P < 0.001) due to the interaction of DMEI and week postpartum, for which concentrations of GH did not differ at wk 2 but increased over time at rates that were inversely proportional to level of DMEI. Length of anestrus was negatively associated (P < 0.05) with day of calving, BCS, and BW. When effects of sire breed and level of DMEI were accounted for (residual correlation), length of anestrus was inversely associated (P < 0.01) with IGF-1 concentrations. Breed of sire influenced length of postpartum anestrus and energy balance, as predicted by IGF-1, in crossbred cows fed varying levels of DMEI. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Roberts, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM andy@larrl.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1705 EP 1714 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OV UT WOS:000235847500026 PM 15956480 ER PT J AU Schauer, CS Bohnert, DW Ganskopp, DC Richards, CJ Falck, SJ AF Schauer, CS Bohnert, DW Ganskopp, DC Richards, CJ Falck, SJ TI Influence of protein supplementation frequency on cows consuming low-quality forage: Performance, grazing behavior, and variation in supplement intake SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; distribution; grazing behavior; northern Great Basin; protein supplementation; sagebrush steppe ID DEGRADABLE INTAKE PROTEIN; TALLGRASS-PRAIRIE FORAGE; BLUE GRAMA RANGELAND; BEEF STEERS; COTTONSEED MEAL; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; SORGHUM GRAIN; SOYBEAN-MEAL; CATTLE USE; DIGESTION AB The objectives of this research were to determine the influence of protein supplementation frequency on cow performance, grazing time, distance traveled, maximum distance from water, cow distribution, DMI, DM digestibility, harvest efficiency, percentage of supplementation events frequented, and CV for supplement intake for cows grazing low-quality forage. One hundred twenty pregnant (60 +/- 45 d) Angus x Hereford cows (467 +/- 4 kg BW) were used in a 3 x 3 Latin square design for one 84-d period in each of three consecutive years. Cows were stratified by age, BCS, and BW and assigned randomly to one of three 810-ha pastures. Treatments included an unsupplemented control (CON) and supplementation every day (D; 0.91 kg, DM basis) or once every 6 d (6D; 5.46 kg, DM basis) with cottonseed meal (CSM; 43% CP, DM basis). Four cows from each treatment (each year) were fitted with global positioning system collars to estimate grazing time, distance traveled, maximum distance from water, cow distribution, and percentage of supplementation events frequented. Collared cows were dosed with intraruminal n-alkane controlled-release devices on d 28 for estimation of DMI, DM digestibility, and harvest efficiency. Additionally, Cr2O3 was incorporated into CSM on d 36 at 3% of DM for use as a digesta flow marker to estimate the CV for supplement intake. Cow BW and BCS change were greater (P <= 0.03) for supplemented treatments compared with CON. No BW or BCS differences (P >= 0.14) were noted between D and 6D. Grazing time was greater (P = 0.04) for CON compared with supplemented treatments, with no difference (P = 0.26) due to supplementation frequency. Distance traveled, maximum distance from water, cow distribution, DMI, DM digestibility, and harvest efficiency were not affected P >= 0.16) by protein supplementation or supplementation frequency. The percentage of supplementation events frequented and the CV for supplement intake were not affected (P >= 0.58) by supplementation frequency. Results suggest that providing protein daily or once every 6 d to cows grazing low-quality forage increases BW and BCS gain, while decreasing grazing time. Additionally, protein supplementation and supplementation frequency may have little to no effect on cow distribution, DMI, and harvest efficiency in the northern Great Basin. C1 Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bohnert, DW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM dave.bohnert@oregonstate.edu NR 50 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1715 EP 1725 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OV UT WOS:000235847500027 PM 15956481 ER PT J AU Schneider, MJ Vazquez-Moreno, L Bermudez-Almada, MD Guardado, RB Ortega-Nieblas, M AF Schneider, MJ Vazquez-Moreno, L Bermudez-Almada, MD Guardado, RB Ortega-Nieblas, M TI Multiresidue determination of fluoroquinolones in shrimp by liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN TISSUES; QUINOLONES; RESIDUES; ANTIBIOTICS AB An efficient multiresidue method for analysis of fluoroquinolones in shrimp has been developed in which quantitation by fluorescence and confirmation by Multiple Stage Mass Spectrometry (MSn) is achieved simultaneously. In this method, shrimp tissue is extracted with ammoniacal acetonitrile and the extract is defatted and then evaporated. After dissolution in basic phosphate buffer, fluoroquinolones in the extract are separated by liquid chromatography and quantitated, taking advantage of their intense fluorescence. Eluate from the fluorescence detector enters the MSn, which allows for confirmation by monitoring ratios of 2 prominent product ions in the MS3 or MS2 spectrum. Using this method, 8 fluoroquinolones have been analyzed in shrimp samples fortified at 10, 25, 50, or 100 ppb levels. Recoveries for desethyleneciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, orbifloxacin, sarafloxacin, and difloxacin ranged from 75 to 92 %, with relative standard deviation values of < 6 %. The limits of quantitation ranged from 0.1 to 1 ng/g. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were also successfully determined in enrofloxacin-incurred shrimp using this method. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarollo, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Sci & Technol Res, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. RP Schneider, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mschneider@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1160 EP 1166 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 950PT UT WOS:000230870200028 PM 16152936 ER PT J AU Qureshi, JA Buschman, LL Throne, JE Ramaswamy, SB AF Qureshi, JA Buschman, LL Throne, JE Ramaswamy, SB TI Adult dispersal of Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) and its implications for resistance management in Bt-maize SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bt-corn; Bt-maize; European corn borer; insect behaviour; pest management; transgenic crops ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; CALLING BEHAVIOR; PYRALIDAE; PLANTS; MALES; MOTHS AB Dispersal of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner was examined by release and recapture of the dye marked adults and by capture of the feral adults in and around the large 50 ha center pivot irrigated fields of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize. Pheromone and black light traps were used to catch the adults. In 1999, 15 094 marked males and 7993 marked females were released, and in 2001, 13 942 marked males and 9977 marked females were released. In 1999, maximum mean recapture beyond the release point was 1.95 and 1.67% for males and females, but in 2001, the recapture rate was 9.97 and 4.37% for males and females. Few males (3.8%) and females (2.07%) were recaptured in neighbourhood maize fields. An exponential decay function explained recapture of marked adults across the dispersal distance. More than 90% of marked adults were recaptured within 300 m of the release point. Large numbers of feral adults were captured throughout the study fields. Feral adult dispersal could be fitted to a linear model. Virgin females (20% marked and 8% feral) were captured throughout the study fields. The recapture of marked insects suggests that the dispersal was limited. However, capture of feral adults throughout Bt-maize fields indicate that the actual dispersal may be more extensive than indicated by recapture of marked adults. Potential refuge sources for the feral adults were 587-1387 m from the edge of the study fields. It is not clear if the dispersal recorded in this study is extensive enough to support the current resistance management strategy for corn borers. There appears to be some dispersal of corn borers from the non-transgenic 'refuge' fields into the transgenic fields that allows some genetic mixing of the two populations. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Buschman, LL (reprint author), K State Univ SW Res & Extens Ctr, 4500 E Mary St, Garden City, KS 67846 USA. EM lbuschma@ksu.edu NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 129 IS 6 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2005.00966.281-292 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 944ME UT WOS:000230432300001 ER PT J AU Puche, H Weissling, TJ Schnell, R Epsky, ND Heath, RR AF Puche, H Weissling, TJ Schnell, R Epsky, ND Heath, RR TI Estimating dispersal rate of the silky cane weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metamasius hemipterus; diffusion model; dispersal; dispersal rate; speed of movement ID CORRELATED RANDOM-WALK; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; DIFFUSION-MODEL; MOVEMENT; TRAP; HOMOPTERA; EQUATIONS; FIELD; PEST AB The objective of this study was to estimate the silky cane weevil rate of dispersal under near-natural conditions inside a screened enclosure where an array of buckets was baited with cut sugarcane stalks. One hundred weevils were released and weevils inside the buckets were counted hourly for 8 h, and then 24 and 48 h after release. A passive diffusion model was used to estimate the weevil's dispersal and disappearance rates, within and between rows of buckets with sugarcane. The weevils concentrated around the release point and slowly moved towards the boundaries of the experimental plot over time with an overall average dispersal rate of 2.8 +/- 3.58 cm(2)/h. Dispersal and disappearance rates within and between rows were not significantly different among the time intervals considered (1-8, 8-24 and 24-48 h after release) except for the 1-8 time interval on the array representing the release point when the dispersal rate, D, was significantly higher than those at other time intervals. Continuum of the substratum to disperse from one side of the array to another via a wooden bridge may explain the higher dispersal rate through this array. The number of buckets exposed to the sun during the morning hours was significantly higher on those rows exposed to the sun (south side of the screen enclosure) than on the shaded side. Longer times of bucket exposure to the sun may explain the predominant distribution of weevils in that area suggesting that the weevil population is constantly expanding and retracting according to micro environmental conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, SAA, SHRS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Epsky, ND (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SAA, SHRS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM nespsky@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 129 IS 6 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2005.00967.293-299 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 944ME UT WOS:000230432300002 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Flores, D Yang, C Davis, MR AF Everitt, JH Flores, D Yang, C Davis, MR TI Assessing biological control damage of giant salvinia with field reflectance measurements and aerial photography SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE light reflectance; color-infrared photography; Salvinia molesta; Cyrtobagous salviniae; biocontrol ID MOLESTA AB A study was conducted on a small pond in southeast Texas to evaluate the potential for using remote sensing technology to assess feeding damage on giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) by the salvinia weevil (Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands). Field spectral measurements showed that moderately damaged and severely damaged plants had lower visible and near-infrared reflectance values than healthy plants. Healthy, moderately damaged, and severely damaged giant salvinia plants could be differentiated in an aerial color-infrared photograph of the study site. Computer analysis of the photograph showed that the three damage level classes could be quantified. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM daniel.flores@aphis.usda.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 993KQ UT WOS:000233953400003 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Deloach, CJ AF Everitt, JH Yang, C Deloach, CJ TI Remote sensing of giant reed with QuickBird satellite imagery SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE QuickBird satellite imagery; false color imagery; normal color imagery; image analysis; accuracy assessment; Arundo donax AB QuickBird high resolution (2.8 m) satellite imagery was evaluated for distinguishing giant reed (Arundo donax L.) infestations along the Rio Grande in southwest Texas. The imagery had four bands (blue, green, red, and near-infrared) and contained 11-bit data. Three subsets of the satellite image were extracted and used as study sites. Unsupervised classification techniques were used to classify false color (green, red, and near-infrared bands) and normal color (blue, green, and red bands) composite images of each site. Accuracy assessments performed on the classification maps of the three sites had producer's and user's accuracies for giant reed that ranged from 86% to 100%. Both false color and normal color satellite imagery did an excellent job in distinguishing giant reed infestations. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Unit, 2413 Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 BP 81 EP 85 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 993KQ UT WOS:000233953400004 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Ksander, GG AF Spencer, DF Ksander, GG TI Seasonal growth of waterhyacinth in the Sacramento/San joaquin Delta, California SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic weeds; Eichhornia crassipes; phenology; integrated control; weed biology ID CRASSIPES MART SOLMS; EICHHORNIA-CRASSIPES; LEAF DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; PATTERNS AB Waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), is a serious problem in the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta, California. There is little published information on its phenology or seasonal growth in this system. Waterhyacinths were sampled at 2 to 3 week intervals from November, 1995 to July, 1997 and the following measurements were made on individual plants: dry weight, height, number of living leaves, number of dead leaves, and the width of the largest lamina. Lamina area per plant was estimated by multiplying the number of living leaves by the mean lamina area for each sampling date. We also noted the presence or absence of flowers. Height and dry weight increased from less than 10 cm in winter and early spring to more than 80 cm in late summer and from 10 g to 85 g, respectively. Number of dead leaves was greatest in the winter and declined through June. New leaves started to appear in March. Starting in March, lamina area per plant increased through October. Plants with flowers were present at the sample site from May 20 to August 12 but not abundant. A logistic regression equation relating relative lamina area per plant to accumulated degree-days was developed. Maximum growth was achieved in October, later than previously reported for waterhyacinth in southeast U.S. populations. C1 USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Robbins Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 993KQ UT WOS:000233953400006 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK AF Schrader, KK TI Evaluation of several commercial algicides for control of odor-producing cyanobacteria SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE ALGICIDES; BARLEY STRAW; CHALYBEA; RELEASE; PONDS C1 USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kschrader@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 BP 100 EP 102 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 993KQ UT WOS:000233953400008 ER PT J AU Northup, BK Zitzer, SF Archer, S McMurtry, CR Boutton, TW AF Northup, BK Zitzer, SF Archer, S McMurtry, CR Boutton, TW TI Above-ground biomass and carbon and nitrogen content of woody species in a subtropical thornscrub parkland SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE allometry; canopy area; linear regression; stem basal diameter; thorn woodland; Tamaulipan Biotic Province ID SAVANNA ECOSYSTEM; SIZE; VEGETATION; PLANTS; VARIABILITY; GLANDULOSA; MANAGEMENT; ATMOSPHERE; COMPONENTS; GRASSLAND AB Regression equations were developed to predict above-ground biomass, carbon and nitrogen content from stem and canopy dimensions for 10 shrub species common to subtropical thorn parklands of southern Texas. Projected canopy area yielded slightly more precise estimates of biomass and nutrient concentrations than the sum of stem basal diameters at the soil surface. All such equations were significant (p< 0.05) and had r(2) values &GE; 0.70, except dead wood and large stems of one species. These equations are potentially useful for estimating woody biomass and nutrient content from remotely sensed or field survey data, and in evaluating models of ecosystem biogeochemistry. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Desert Res Inst, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Northup, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM bnorthup@grl.ars.usda.gov RI Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016 OI Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728 NR 54 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 23 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.09.019 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 923BS UT WOS:000228884300003 ER PT J AU Rango, A Huenneke, L Buonopane, M Herrick, JE Havstad, KM AF Rango, A Huenneke, L Buonopane, M Herrick, JE Havstad, KM TI Using historic data to assess effectiveness of shrub removal in southern New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE rangeland treatments and remediation; Chihuahuan desert; Civilian Conservation Corps; ecosystem stability; shrub resilience; long-term vegetation response; historical datasets ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; RANGELAND; DESERTIFICATION; GRASSLAND; IMPACT AB In the late 1930s, the presence of a highly organized labor force, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico provided the capability for rangeland scientists to conduct experiments to determine the effectiveness of various techniques for remediating or reversing the encroachment of shrubs into grasslands. Unfortunately, soon after the treatments were performed, the CCC disbanded and most records of the treatments were lost. Despite sketchy documentation, some rangeland treatments left legacies on the landscape, and effects on water retention, erosion, and vegetation dynamics remained long after the CCC work ended. The discovery of historical documents from long-closed files and aerial photography in widely scattered archives allowed some of the experiments to be located and reexamined. Two research areas established in the mid-1930s were of particular interest, namely a tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) site where shrubs were grubbed and quadrats established and a creosote (Larrea tridentata [Sesse & Moc. ex DC.] Coville) site where the creosote and tarbush shrubs were grubbed. Here we outline how these sites were rediscovered, how historical measurements were repeated for the first time since the late 1930s, and conclusions drawn regarding specific rangeland remediation strategies and vegetation dynamics. Our results show that shrub populations recovered from a radical removal treatment in less than 65 years. Remediation of these sites so that grass will recover to pre-shrub-dominated amounts will require measures additional to just removal of shrubs in order to restore hydrologic function. The fact that we were able to relocate, revisit, and resample these treatment areas provided unique opportunities to understand the long-term vegetation dynamics of these and ecosystems. It is evident that woody plant populations have a high degree of resilience, that density dependence or interference appears to limit plant size in and shrub communities, and that shrub populations had not reached any stable equilibrium state at the time of treatment in the 1930s. These insights would have been impossible to gain from short-term studies and without long-term studies initiated in the 1930s combined with recent discoveries of original documentation and historical aerial photography. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Rango, A (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alrango@nmsu.du RI Huenneke, Laura/D-3582-2009 OI Huenneke, Laura/0000-0002-2562-6822 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 75 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.11.001 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 923BS UT WOS:000228884300006 ER PT J AU Li, CH Salvucci, ME Portis, AR AF Li, CH Salvucci, ME Portis, AR TI Two residues of rubisco activase involved in recognition of the rubisco substrate SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SUBUNIT INTERACTIONS; ATP HYDROLYSIS; ANTISENSE RNA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CHAPERONE; ATPASES; CARBAMYLATION AB Rubisco activase is an AAA(+) protein, a superfamily with members that use a "Sensor 2" domain for substrate recognition. To determine whether the analogous domain of activase is involved in recognition of ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ( Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39), two chimeric activases were constructed, interchanging a Sensor 2-containing region between activases from spinach and tobacco. Spinach chimeric activase was a poor activator of both spinach and tobacco Rubisco. In contrast, tobacco chimeric activase activated spinach Rubisco far better than tobacco Rubisco, similar to spinach activase. A point mutation, K311D, in the Sensor 2 domain of the tobacco chimeric activase abolished its ability to better activate spinach Rubisco. The opposite mutation, D311K, in wild type tobacco activase produced an enzyme that activated both spinach and tobacco Rubisco, whereas a second mutation, D311K/L314V, shifted the activation preference toward spinach Rubisco. The involvement of these two residues in substrate selectivity was confirmed by introducing the analogous single and double mutations in cotton activase. The ability of the two tobacco activase mutants to activate wild type and mutant Chlamydomonas Rubiscos was also examined. Tobacco D311K activase readily activated wild type and P89R but not D94K Rubisco, whereas the tobacco L314V activase only activated D94K Rubisco. The tobacco activase double mutant D311K/L314V activated wild type Chlamydomonas Rubisco better than either the P89R or D94K Rubisco mutants, mimicking activation by spinach activase. The results identified a substrate recognition region in activase in which two residues may directly interact with two residues in Rubisco. C1 USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Western Cotton Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Western Cotton Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM arportis@uiuc.edu NR 37 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 26 BP 24864 EP 24869 DI 10.1074/jbc.M503547200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 939ZT UT WOS:000230114000069 PM 15866868 ER PT J AU Don, C Lookhart, G Naeem, H MacRitchie, F Hamer, RJ AF Don, C Lookhart, G Naeem, H MacRitchie, F Hamer, RJ TI Heat stress and genotype affect the glutenin particles of the glutenin macropolymer-gel fraction SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GMP; GMP-particles; heat stress; dough mixing ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; RE-POLYMERIZATION; WHEAT GLUTENIN; DOUGH; QUALITY; DEPOLYMERIZATION; POLYMERS; SUBUNITS; FLOUR AB Genetic and environmental factors that affect the formation of glutenin macropolymer (GMP) particles were investigated by growing Lance 5 + 10, Lance 2 + 12, Warigal 5 + 10 and Warigal 2 + 12 lines under widely differing temperature regimes in greenhouse conditions. The GMP characteristics and mixing properties of flour extracted from mature wheat kernels were systematically studied. The amount of GMP is more sensitive to growing conditions than protein quantity. With the exception of severe heat stress conditions, 5 + 10 varieties produce larger glutenin particles than 2 + 12 varieties. The HMW/LMW ratio of GMP is lowered by heat stress, but glutenin particles become larger. In heat stress effects on dough mixing properties, glutenin particle size is more relevant than GMP quantity for dough development time; and GMP quantity is more relevant for band-width at peak resistance. A hyperaggregation model is used to explain how heat stress controls glutenin particle formation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wageningen Univ, TNO, CPT, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA, ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Hamer, RJ (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, TNO, CPT, POB 8129, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands. EM hamer@foodsciences.nl NR 28 TC 41 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.01.005 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 933XE UT WOS:000229665400007 ER PT J AU Meepagala, KM Sturtz, G Wedge, DE Schrader, KK Duke, SO AF Meepagala, KM Sturtz, G Wedge, DE Schrader, KK Duke, SO TI Phytotoxic and antifungal compounds from two Apiaceae species, Lomatium californicum and Ligusticum hultenii, rich sources of Z-ligustilide and apiol, respectively SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ligusticum hultenii; Lomatium californicum; Apiaceae; Z-ligustilide; apiol; phytotoxic activity; antifungal activity; Colletotrichum fragariae ID ANGELICA-SINENSIS; DOSE-RESPONSE; UMBELLIFERAE; CONSTITUENTS; PHTHALIDES; PLANTS; ROOTS AB The seeds of two Apiaceae species, Ligusticum hultenii and Lomatium californicum, were investigated. Preliminary bioassays indicated that methylene chloride extracts of seeds of both species contained selective phytotoxic activity against monocots and antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae. Active constituents were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation, and the structures were elucidated by NMR and GC-MS as apiol and Z-ligustilide, isolated from L. hultenii and L. californicum, respectively. Apiol and Z-ligustilide had 150 values of about 80 and 600 mu M, respectively, for inhibition of the growth of Lemna paucicostata. The methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) extracts of the seeds and the isolated and purified compounds were tested against the 2-methylisobomeol-producing cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Oscillatoria perornata, and the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. The CH2Cl2 extracts of both Apiaceae species and apiol were weakly toxic to both species of phytoplankton, while Z-ligustilide was toxic to both with a lowest complete inhibitory concentration (LCIC) of 53 mu M. Seeds of L. californicum and L. hultenii were found to be rich sources of Z-ligustilide (97 mg/g of dry seed) and apiol (40 mg/g of dry seed), respectively. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Aromagen, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Meepagala, KM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kmeepaga@olemiss.edu NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1567 EP 1578 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-5798-8 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 952FN UT WOS:000230989500008 PM 16222793 ER PT J AU Khan, NI Tisserat, B Berhow, M Vaughn, SF AF Khan, NI Tisserat, B Berhow, M Vaughn, SF TI Influence of autoclaved fungal materials on spearmint (Mentha Spicata L.) growth, morphogenesis, and secondary metabolism SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus; carvone; freeze-dried mycelium; Fusarium; mycelium; Penicillium; secondary metabolites; Rhizopus; spearmint; spores; Trichoderma ID CELL-SUSPENSION-CULTURES; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INDUCTION; RESPONSES; PLANTS; RHIZOBACTERIA; BIOSYNTHESIS; CONSTRUCTION; RESISTANCE AB The influence of autoclaved fungal materials such as culture filtrate, freeze-dried mycelium (FDM), mycelium suspension, and spore suspension (SS) on the growth, morphogenesis, and carvone production of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) plants was studied. Fungal materials were either applied as a drench or spray on the plants. Spearmint plants (cv. "294099") drenched with SS (1 x 10(8) spores/ml) of Trichoderma reesei showed no significant differences in leaf numbers, root numbers, or shoot numbers compared with nontreated controls. However, significantly higher fresh weights and carvone levels were observed in plants drenched with T reesei SS compared with the untreated controls. Fungal materials derived from Aspergillus sp., Fusarium graminearum, F. sporotrichoides, Penicillium sp., P. acculeatum, Rhizopus oryzae, and T. reesei were sprayed on spearmint foliage. F. graminearum, F. sporotrichoides, or R. oryzae elicited no enhanced growth, morphogenesis, or secondary metabolism responses. The best growth and morphogenesis responses were obtained employing Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., or T reesei foliar sprays. For example, spearmint cv. "557807" plants sprayed with 100 mg/l FDM T reesei isolate NRRL 11460 C30 stimulated higher fresh weights (75%), shoot numbers (39%), leaf numbers (57%), and root numbers (108%) compared with untreated plants. This effect was not dose-dependent because similar growth and morphogenesis responses were obtained by testing 10, 100, or 1000 mg/l FDM concentrations. Carvone levels in fungal-treated foliar-sprayed plants were comparable to nontreated controls. However, total carvone levels per plant were higher in fungal-treated plants because of their increased fresh weight. C1 USDA, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Biol, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), USDA, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM tisserbh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1579 EP 1593 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-5799-7 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 952FN UT WOS:000230989500009 PM 16222794 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Comuzzie, AG Cai, GW Cole, SA Mehta, NR Bacino, CA AF Butte, NF Comuzzie, AG Cai, GW Cole, SA Mehta, NR Bacino, CA TI Genetic and environmental factors influencing fasting serum adiponectin in Hispanic children SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS; BODY-COMPOSITION; JAPANESE POPULATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FAT OXIDATION; TRAIT LOCI; OBESITY AB Context: Because of its antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties, adiponectin may play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Objectives: The aims of these analyses were: 1) to estimate the heritability of fasting serum adiponectin; 2) to evaluate the effects of age, sex, and body composition on fasting serum adiponectin; 3) to test for associations between fasting serum adiponectin and diet, fitness, energy expenditure, and fat oxidation; and 4) to determine the relationships between fasting serum adiponectin, insulin and lipids, and blood pressure in Hispanic children. Design: Genetic and environmental factors influencing fasting serum adiponectin were investigated in a cohort of children participating in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study in 2000 - 2005. Setting: This study was performed at the Children's Nutrition Research Center. Participants: The study participants were 805 Hispanic nonover-weight and overweight children, ages 4 - 19 yr. Main Measure: The main measure of the study was fasting serum adiponectin. Results: The heritability of serum adiponectin was 0.93 +/- 0.10 ( P = 2.4 x 10(-40)). Adiponectin differed by age ( P = 0.001), sex ( P = 0.04), and weight ( P = 0.001) status. Adiponectin levels declined with age, in association with changes in sex hormones and growth factors. Adiponectin was not associated with macronutrient intake, fitness, 24-h energy expenditure, or fat oxidation. Controlling for age, sex, and percent fat mass, adiponectin was inversely associated with homeostasis model of insulin resistance, triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and systolic blood pressure ( P = 0.001). Significant positive genetic correlations were detected between adiponectin and total cholesterol (rho(G) = 0.19), HDL-C (rho(G) = 0.32), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (rho G = 0.24), and IGF-binding protein-1 (rho G = 0.39), and negative genetic correlations were detected between adiponectin and leptin (rho(G) = -0.30), TG (rho(G) = -0.21), TG/HDL-C (rho(G) = -0.33), and IGF-binding protein-3 (rho(G) = -0.32), indicating shared genetic components in their expression. Conclusion: The high heritability of adiponectin and pleiotropy seen between adiponectin and leptin, growth factors, and lipids may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in overweight Hispanic children. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK-59264] NR 40 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 90 IS 7 BP 4170 EP 4176 DI 10.1210/jc.2004-2328 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 943FT UT WOS:000230339100058 PM 15827100 ER PT J AU Borucki, MK Reynolds, J Call, DR Ward, TJ Page, B Kadushin, J AF Borucki, MK Reynolds, J Call, DR Ward, TJ Page, B Kadushin, J TI Suspension microarray with dendrimer signal amplification allows direct and high-throughput subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes from genomic DNA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; SEROTYPE; STRAINS; PCR; DISCRIMINATION; EXPRESSION; FLAGELLIN; LINEAGES; PROTEIN AB Listeria monocytogenes is a significant cause of food-borne disease and mortality; therefore, epidemiological investigations of this pathogen require subtyping methods that are rapid, discriminatory, and reproducible. Although conventional microarray subtyping analysis has been shown to be both high resolution and genetically informative, it is still relatively low throughput and technically challenging. Suspension microarray technology eliminates the technical issues associated with planar microarrays and allows high-throughput subtyping of L. monocytogenes strains. In this study, a suspension array assay using dendrimer signal amplification allowed rapid and accurate serovar identification of L. monocytogenes strains using genomic DNA as a target. The ability to subtype genomic DNA without PCR amplification allows probes to be designed for many different regions within the bacterial genome and should allow high-resolution subtyping not possible with multiplex PCR. C1 Washington State Univ, ADBF 3003, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Genisphere Inc, Hatfield, PA 19440 USA. RP Borucki, MK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, ADBF 3003, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mborucki@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI30055] NR 26 TC 37 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3255 EP 3259 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3255-3259.2005 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 947AR UT WOS:000230614900035 PM 16000444 ER PT J AU Palmer, GH Knowles, DP Rodriguez, JL Gnad, DP Hollis, LC Marston, T Brayton, KA AF Palmer, GH Knowles, DP Rodriguez, JL Gnad, DP Hollis, LC Marston, T Brayton, KA TI Stochastic transmission of multiple genotypically distinct Anaplasma marginale strains in a herd with high prevalence of Anaplasma infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Palmer, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3587 EP 3587 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3587.2005 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 947AR UT WOS:000230614900110 ER PT J AU Rath, NC Richards, MP Huff, WE Huff, GR Balog, JM AF Rath, NC Richards, MP Huff, WE Huff, GR Balog, JM TI Changes in the tibial growth plates of chickens with thiram-induced dyschondroplasia SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; chicken; chondrocyte; thiram; tibial dyschondroplasia ID ENDOCHONDRAL BONE-FORMATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; CHONDROCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; MESSENGER-RNA; CARTILAGE; GLUTATHIONE; ANGIOGENESIS; DISULFIRAM AB Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a metabolic cartilage disease of young poultry in which endochondral bone formation is disrupted leading to the retention of a non-calcified, avascular plug of cartilage in the tibial growth plate. Chicks aged 7 days were fed either a control diet or one containing thiram 100 ppm for 48 h to induce TD. Cell multiplication in the growth plate was determined thereafter with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling, and metabolic changes by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and glutathione (GSH) activities. The effect on chondrocyte maturation was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of gene expression. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and DNA fragmentation were Used to determine the effects of thiram on cell survival. The results showed that thiram-induced TD was not due to the multiplication of cells in the post-proliferative zones. Thiram did not affect ALP activity, which would have indicated a loss of calcification potential, but it reduced both TRAP and the glutathione concentrations, suggesting that the growth plate metabolism and remodelling functions were adversely affected. Thiram appeared to have no effect on the expression of type X collagen, transglutaminase, RUNX2, or matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP) genes suggesting that it did not alter the maturation potential of chondrocytes. On the contrary, the expressions of MMP-13 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes were "up-regulated," suggesting that thiram has pro-angiogenic activity. However, TUNEL assay showed that thiram induced endothelial cell apoptosis in the capillary vessels of the growth plates, as early as 10 days of age, when TD was not visually evident. The vascular death increased on subsequent days accompanied by massive death of chondrocytes in the transition zone of the growth plate. The induction of apoptosis in the growth plate was also demonstrated by DNA fragmentation. It was concluded that thiram induced TD not through an increase in the multiplication of chondrocytes in the transition zone and not by altering the expression of genes causing the arrest of chondrocytes in a prehypertrophic state, but by creating a metabolic dysfunction which led to the destruction of blood capillaries in the transition zone chondrocytes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Pountry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Pountry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 60 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 133 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.01.005 PG 12 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 937TL UT WOS:000229948400005 PM 15899490 ER PT J AU Malin, EL Brown, EM Wickham, ED Farrell, HM AF Malin, EL Brown, EM Wickham, ED Farrell, HM TI Contributions of terminal peptides to the associative behavior of alpha(s1)-casein SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alpha(s1)-casein; casein micelle; circular dichroism; molecular modeling ID BOVINE CASEIN MICELLES; RAMAN OPTICAL-ACTIVITY; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; BETA-CASEIN; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; KAPPA-CASEIN; FORCE-FIELD AB The N- and C-terminal segments of bovine alpha(s1)-casein-B (f1-23 and f136-196) were characterized under conditions that promoted or inhibited self-association to determine the relative contributions of each fragment to the interaction of alpha(s1)-casein with itself or with other caseins. In earlier studies of f1-23, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data and circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that its conformation was thermostable between 10 and 25 degrees C. In contrast, NMR studies of f136-196 indicated temperature sensitivity between 10 and 60 degrees C, as did near-UV and far-UV CD data, suggesting a molten globule-like structure at higher temperatures. To compare the effects of temperature on conformational attributes of alpha(s1)-casein and its terminal peptides, additional CD studies were conducted over a broader temperature range (10 to 70 degrees C). The far-UV CD spectra indicated little temperature sensitivity for alpha(s1)-casein, and the N-terminal peptide remained thermostable. During molecular dynamics simulations, the N- terminal peptide conformation did not change significantly, but the conformation of the C-terminal peptide (f136-196) was dramatically altered. These changes are correlated with the thermal instability observed by both CD and NMR in f136-196. Analytical ultracentrifugation studies of the self-association reactions of genetic variants A, B, and C of alpha(s1)-casein showed that at 37 degrees C the associative state is primarily dimeric; the amounts of higher order polymers significantly decreased when temperature was increased from 20 to 37 degrees C. In all 3 genetic variants, the C-terminal portion of the whole molecule showed thermal instability with respect to aggregation to higher polymers, confirming the predictions of CD data and molecular dynamics simulations. The temperature dependency of these conformational changes suggests a possible function for alpha(s1)-casein in facilitating casein-casein interactions in casein micelle formation. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Malin, EL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM emalin@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 88 IS 7 BP 2318 EP 2328 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 935RM UT WOS:000229799400005 PM 15956295 ER PT J AU Vangroenweghe, F Duchateau, L Boutet, P Lekeux, P Rainard, P Paape, MJ Burvenich, C AF Vangroenweghe, F Duchateau, L Boutet, P Lekeux, P Rainard, P Paape, MJ Burvenich, C TI Effect of carprofen treatment following experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis in primiparous cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE primiparous cow; carprofen; Escherichia coli mastitis; moderate inflammation ID ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED MASTITIS; INDUCED BOVINE MASTITIS; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLITES; CD14 REDUCES SEVERITY; MAMMARY BLOOD-FLOW; FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE; SOLUBLE CD14; LACTATING GOATS; DAIRY-COWS AB Acute Escherichia coli mastitis is one of the major sources of economic loss in the dairy industry due to reduced milk production, treatment costs, discarded milk, and occasional fatal disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) are frequently used as adjunctive therapy to antibiotics. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of carprofen treatment following infusion of Escherichia coli into the mammary glands of primiparous cows during the periparturient period. Severity of mastitis was scored based on the average milk production in the uninfected quarters on d+2 postinoculation and a clinical severity score. Carprofen was administered intravenously at 9 h postchallenge, when clinical signs of mastitis appeared. In previous work, efficacy of NSAIDs was mainly evaluated using clinical symptoms. In the present study, the effect of carprofen on innate immune response was also assessed by quantification of inflammatory mediators. All primiparous cows reacted as moderate responders throughout the experimental period. Primiparous cows were intramammarily inoculated with 1x10(4) cfu of E. coli P4:O32 in 2 left quarters. Analysis of blood and milk parameters, including IL-8, complement component C5a, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14, prostaglandin E-2, and thromboxane B-2 was performed from d0 to d+6 relative to intramammary inoculation. Rectal temperature in carprofen-treated animals was lower than in control animals at 3 and 6 h posttreatment. Treatment also restored the decreased reticulorumen motility that occurs during E. coli mastitis to preinfection levels faster than in control animals. Carprofen treatment resulted in an earlier normalization of the clinical severity score. Eicosanoid (prostaglandin E-2 and thromboxane B-2) production in milk tended to be inhibited by carprofen. No significant differences in the kinetic patterns of somatic cell count, IL-8, complement component C5a, LBP, and soluble CD14 were observed. In conclusion, carprofen treatment improved general clinical condition by effective antipyrexia and restoration of reticulorumen motility but did not significantly inhibit eicosanoid production. Carprofen treatment did not result in a significant decrease of chemotactic inflammatory mediators, IL-8 and C5a, and early innate immune molecules, sCD14 and LBP. Therefore, major modulatory effects from NSAID administration were not observed in this mastitis model, although a larger study might confirm some apparent trends obtained in the present results. C1 State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem Biometr, Milk Secret & Mastitis Res Ctr, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Univ Liege Sart Tilman, Fac Med Vet, Dept Physiol, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. INRA, Pathol Infect & Immunol Ctr Tours Nouzilly, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Burvenich, C (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem Biometr, Milk Secret & Mastitis Res Ctr, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM christian.burvenich@UGent.be NR 60 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 88 IS 7 BP 2361 EP 2376 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 935RM UT WOS:000229799400009 PM 15956299 ER PT J AU Min, BR Hart, SP Sahlu, T Satter, LD AF Min, BR Hart, SP Sahlu, T Satter, LD TI The effect of diets on milk production and composition, and on lactation curves in pastured dairy goats SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy goat; lactation curve; milk composition; forage ID REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY; LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; CONDENSED TANNINS; WOOL PRODUCTION; PROTEIN; COWS; CONCENTRATE; PERFORMANCE; NITROGEN; NUTRITION AB A 2-yr study investigated effects of different levels of concentrate supplementation on milk production, composition, and lactation curves in pastured dairy goats. For both years, 44 Alpine goats (Capra hircus; 55 +/- 11 kg body weight) were randomly allocated to 4 groups. Animals were supplemented with 0.66 ( treatments A and B), 0.33 ( treatment C), or 0 kg of concentrate ( treatment D) per kg of milk over 1.5 kg/d. Mixed vegetative forages were rotationally grazed by the goats ( treatments B, C, and D), except that treatment A was confined and fed alfalfa hay. Individual milk production was recorded daily, and milk samples were collected once every 2 wk for the 7-mo period ( March to September) and analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, urea-N, non-esterified fatty acids, and allantoin ( second year only). Milk yield and composition varied among dietary treatments, with some measures affected by year. Average daily milk yield was lowest for treatment D. The increased level of concentrate supplementation in treatment A led to 22% greater milk yield compared with treatment D. Milk production increased by 1.7 and 0.9 kg for each additional kilogram of concentrate fed per day during the first and second years, respectively. Average peak yield, time of peak yield, and persistency were lower for treatment D than for other treatments. The percentage of milk fat was lower for treatment D than for other treatments. Concentration of milk protein was greater for treatments A and B during the first year, and was higher for treatment C than for other treatments during the second year. Average milk lactose concentration was higher for treatments B and C than for other treatments. However, milk urea-N concentration in treatment A was higher than other treatments. Milk allantoin, used to estimate microbial proteins synthesis, was 20 to 25% greater for treatment A than for other treatments. Averaged across year, plasma urea-N and nonesterified fatty acids concentration were lowest for treatment B. Average organic matter intake was similar among treatments during both years. Ratios of acetate and propionate concentrations for treatment A were lowest among treatments. In conclusion, milk production and composition were affected by the feeding treatment and year. Increased level of nutrition lead to an increase in daily milk yield, peak yield, time of peak yield, and persistency compared with treatment D. Alpine dairy goats grazing on fresh forages without concentrate supplementation can produce milk inexpensively, and response to concentrate supplementation is greater for low quality pasture. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hart, SP (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM shart@luresext.edu NR 39 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 88 IS 7 BP 2604 EP 2615 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 935RM UT WOS:000229799400032 PM 15956322 ER PT J AU Powell, RL Sanders, AH Norman, HD AF Powell, RL Sanders, AH Norman, HD TI Accuracy and stability of national and international somatic cell score evaluations SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic evaluation; Interbull; evaluation accuracy; somatic cell score ID 1ST 3 LACTATIONS; GENETIC EVALUATIONS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; BULL EVALUATIONS; PARAMETERS; YIELD; COUNT AB Somatic cell score (SCS) evaluations have been published in the United States since 1994 and international evaluations have been available through Interbull since May 2001. The accumulated data provides an opportunity to investigate the accuracy and stability of SCS evaluations. United States domestic evaluations from January 1995 through August 2004, for 21,500 Holstein bulls were considered, over time and sequentially within bull, for changes to the November 2004 evaluation. On average, predicted transmitting ability ( PTA) SCS increased ( worsened) by 0.002 from earlier evaluations to November 2004. Although bias was small, PTA changes were more than expected based on change in reliability. When looked at sequentially, bulls' earlier evaluations were generally lower (i.e., merit was overestimated) relative to November 2004. Differences were small, and PTA SCS increased steadily with the addition of second-crop daughters. All 524,081 evaluations were considered pairwise providing over 8,000,000 pairs of bulls' evaluations for analysis of PTA differences relative to change in reliability. Agreement of observed and expected SD improved for larger changes in reliability. The November 2004 US and Interbull PTA were matched with US and Interbull PTA from May 2001 (US04, IB04, US01, and IB01, respectively) for 14,652 Holstein bulls. For bulls having only US daughters in IB01, correlations were similar for US01 and IB01 with US04, and IB01 with IB04. Corresponding regressions were all nearly 1.00. For bulls also having nonUS daughters in IB01, correlations with yield deviations calculated for later daughters ( used as source of independent data) were higher (0.747 vs. 0.714) for IB01 than for US01. For bulls with added US daughters, correlation with US04 was also higher for IB01 than US01, showing that inclusion of foreign data improved predictive value of SCS evaluations. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Powell, RL (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rpowell@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 88 IS 7 BP 2624 EP 2631 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 935RM UT WOS:000229799400034 PM 15956324 ER PT J AU Sawalha, RM Keown, JF Kachman, SD Van Vleck, LD AF Sawalha, RM Keown, JF Kachman, SD Van Vleck, LD TI Evaluation of autoregressive covariance structures for test-day records of Holstein cows: Estimates of parameters SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE milk yield; test day; autoregressive covariance ID TEST DAY MODELS; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; BREEDING VALUES; YIELD TRAITS; DAIRY-COWS; MILK-YIELD; CATTLE AB The objective of this study was to compare test-day (TD) models with autoregressive covariance structures for the estimation of genetic and environmental components of variance for milk, fat and protein yields, and somatic cell score (SCS) in Holstein cows. Four models were compared: model I ( CS model) was a simple TD repeatability animal model with compound symmetry covariance structure for environmental effects, model II (AR(pe) model) and model III (AR(e) model) had first-order autoregressive covariance structures for TD permanent or residual environmental effects, respectively, and model IV (305-d model) was a simple animal model using 305-d records. Data were 106,472 first-lactation TD records of 12,071 Holstein cows calving from 1996 through 2001. Likelihood ratio tests indicated that AR(pe) and AR(e) models fit the data significantly better than the CS model. The ARe model resulted in slightly smaller estimates of genetic variance and heritability than did the CS model. Estimates of residual variance were always smaller with the CS model than with the AR(e) model with the autoregressive covariance structure among TD residual effects. Estimates of heritability with different TD models were in the range of 0.06 to 0.11. The 305-d model resulted in estimates of heritability in the range of 0.11 to 0.36. The autoregressive covariance structure among TD residual effects may help to prevent bias in heritability estimates for milk, fat and protein yields, and SCS. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sawalha, RM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Rami.Sawalha@sac.ac.uk NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 88 IS 7 BP 2632 EP 2642 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 935RM UT WOS:000229799400035 PM 15956325 ER PT J AU Brown, TC AF Brown, TC TI Loss aversion without the endowment effect, and other explanations for the WTA-WTP disparity SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE willingness to pay; compensation demanded; loss aversion; endowment effect; ambiguity; verbal protocol ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; PREFERENCE REVERSALS; EXPERIMENTAL TESTS; PROSPECT-THEORY; CHOICE; RISK; ACCEPT AB To learn why WTA regularly exceeds WTP in economic experiments involving inexpensive market goods with ample substitutes, the verbal protocol technique was used in a real cash experiment employing a random price auction. Results suggest that the primary reason for the disparity was subjects' reluctance to suffer a net loss from any transaction, whether purchase or sale, and tendency to consider sale much below assumed market price as a loss. This interpretation indicates a kind of loss aversion, but not the kind envisioned in the endowment effect, which maintains that selling creates a loss and buying creates a gain. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Brown, TC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150-A Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tcbrown@lamar.colostate.edu NR 25 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2681 J9 J ECON BEHAV ORGAN JI J. Econ. Behav. Organ. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 57 IS 3 BP 367 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.jebo.2003.10.010 PG 13 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 938FE UT WOS:000229984500007 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Schlaman, DW Haff, RP Yee, WL AF Hansen, JD Schlaman, DW Haff, RP Yee, WL TI Potential postharvest use of radiography to detect internal pests in deciduous tree fruits SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; codling moth; Rhagoletis indifferens; western cherry fruit fly; X-ray; non-destructive detection; apple; cherry ID X-RAY INSPECTION; WHEAT RADIOGRAPHS; APPLES; INFESTATION; WEEVIL AB Radiographic techniques were investigated for their potential to detect internal pests in deciduous tree fruits. Two non-destructive methods, X-ray CT imaging and film X-ray, were used to detect larval feeding damage caused by codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in apples. In addition, CT imaging was used to detect larvae of the codling moth and western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera:Tephritidae), in cherries. Both techniques showed evidence of codling moth feeding tunnels in apples, as well as in cherries using CT imaging. CT images of cherries infested with fruit fly larvae showed retraction of the fruit pulp from the seed. This study supports the use of radiography to detect internally damaged fruits for sorting on the commercial packing line. C1 USDA ARS, YARL, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, YARL, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM jimbob@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 255 EP 262 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 961RI UT WOS:000231679100001 ER PT J AU Thead, LG Streett, DA AF Thead, LG Streett, DA TI Confinement-tray background color affects parasitism rates of attacking Pseudacteon curvatus (Diptera : Phoridae) in a laboratory rearing system SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phorid; rearing; imported fire ant; Solenopsis invicta X richteri; visual cues ID FIRE ANTS HYMENOPTERA; DECAPITATING FLIES DIPTERA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; FORMICIDAE; ARGENTINA; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR AB Distribution of the phorid fly (Pseudacteon curvatus Borgmeier), a natural parasitoid of imported fire ants (Solenopsis spp.), was tested in a laboratory rearing system to evaluate differences in phorid fly production based on tray background color. Significantly (P = 0.02) higher rates of parasitism were observed for ants confined within a tray with darker background colors (olive drab, brown or ruddy brown) than for ants confined within a brighter white background tray. This study identifies a factor that may be influencing production levels in a phorid rearing system. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Thead, LG (reprint author), Mississippi Dept Agr & Commerce, POB 5207, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM LarryT@mdac.state.ms.us NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 961RI UT WOS:000231679100002 ER PT J AU Farrar, RR Shapir, M AF Farrar, RR Shapir, M TI Control of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) on collard by a nucleopolyhedrovirus with a stilbene-based enhancer and an ultraviolet light protectant SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diamondback moth; nucleopolyhedrovirus; fluorescent brightener; enhancer; ultraviolet; titanium dioxide ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; CELERY LOOPER LEPIDOPTERA; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC VIRUSES; FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENERS; BACULOVIRUS; INFECTIVITY; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; ADJUVANTS AB When we evaluated the nucleopolyhedrovirus of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (PxMNPV), in small plots of collard, Brassica oleracea L., artificially infested with this insect, numbers of larvae were reduced in all tests. Further reductions were obtained with the addition of a fluorescent brightener (Blankophor P167 (R)) in both tests in which it was included. Addition of an ultraviolet light protectant (photostabilized titanium dioxide) to PxMNPV also improved control, but only when the test was conducted in May and June. Titanium dioxide had no effect when the test was conducted in September. Addition of both materials together did not improve results compared with addition of Blankophor P167 alone. No virus treatment, however, was as effective as the insecticide spinosad. C1 USDA ARS, IBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Farrar, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, IBL, Bldg 011A,m 214,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM FarrarR@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 280 EP 290 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 961RI UT WOS:000231679100004 ER PT J AU Legaspi, BC Legaspi, JC AF Legaspi, BC Legaspi, JC TI Foraging behavior of field populations of Diadegma spp. (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae): Testing for density-dependence at two spatial scales SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density dependence; spatial scale; Patch Selection; optimal foraging; Diadegma; Plutella xylostell ID NATURAL ENEMY ASSOCIATION; HOST-PARASITOID SYSTEMS; MARGINAL VALUE THEOREM; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; TRITROPHIC SYSTEM; TIME ALLOCATION; C-RUBECULA; INFOCHEMICALS; LEPIDOPTERA; CRUCIFERAE AB The foraging behavior of populations of Diadegma spp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) attacking the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), was studied in the field. The effect of host density on percentage parasitism was investigated at two spatial scales: that of the individual plant, as well as a "cluster of plants" at low, medium and high densities. Using binoculars, parasitoid searching was observed on host plants at different host densities over an 8-h period. Behavior was compared to that predicted under the Patch Selection Theory. Percentage parasitism was independent of host density at both spatial scales. However, the behavioral studies showed parasitoid aggregation behavior at higher host densities. The population displayed an imperfect preference for higher host densities in the first 4 h of foraging. In the second 4-h period, no preference was observed. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, FAMU, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Legaspi, BC (reprint author), Florida Publ Serv Commiss, 2540 Shumard Oak Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. EM jlegaspi@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 295 EP 306 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 961RI UT WOS:000231679100006 ER PT J AU Danka, RG AF Danka, RG TI High levels of cotton pollen collection observed for honey bees (Hymenoptera : Apidae) in south-central Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE honey bees; Apis mellifera; upland cotton; Gossypium; hirsutum; pollination; foraging ID APIS-MELLIFERA; POLLINATION AB Honey bees, Apis mellifera L., typically reject pollen of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., as a resource. This study evaluated the potential of stimulating bees for enhanced pollen collection in overcoming this rejection. In 2002, 16 equal-sized colonies of each of two commercial stocks of bees (Italian and Russian) were placed adjacent to cotton fields at Rosedale, LA, and manipulated so that half of the colonies of each bee type had high stimulus to collect pollen and half had low stimulus. Differential stimuli were achieved by interchanging combs having relatively large amounts of brood with combs having pollen, between colonies of the two treatment groups (i.e., high stimulus colonies donated pollen and received brood, whereas low stimulus colonies had the converse). Stimulus manipulations resulted in more general pollen collection, but not cotton pollen collection, in the high stimulus group on days 1 and 6 after treatment. Foraging responses of the treatment groups equalized by 11 days after treatment. Collection of cotton pollen was minimal (<= 2% of all foragers) during this period and was not affected by stimulus treatment. Italian colonies had greater total foraging activity and pollen collection effort on day 1 after treatment, but the bee types foraged similarly on days 6 and 11. There were no interactions of the effects of stimulus treatment and bee type. After the treatment effects dissipated (by day 11, 5 August 2002), collection of cotton pollen increased substantially. Approximately one-fourth of all foragers and 80% of pollen collectors carried cotton pollen pellets during a 2-wk period in midAugust. In 2004, observations of 11 colonies at a cotton planting near Fordoche, LA, showed that foragers again carried notable amounts of cotton pollen during the middle of bloom but little cotton pollen earlier or later. At the peak, a mean of 26% of pollen loads of all colonies and 50-59% of pollen in two colonies were of cotton. The reason for this unexpected willingness to gather cotton pollen is undetermined and warrants investigation because of the potential importance for cotton pollination by honey bees. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Danka, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM rdanka@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 316 EP 326 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 961RI UT WOS:000231679100008 ER PT J AU Potter, TL Strickland, TC Joo, H Culbreath, AK AF Potter, TL Strickland, TC Joo, H Culbreath, AK TI Accelerated soil dissipation of tebuconazole following multiple applications to peanut SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AFFECTING DEGRADATION RATES; 5 TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDES; SOILBORNE PATHOGENS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FIELD; FOLIAR; MODEL; PERSISTENCE; RUNOFF; YIELD AB Repeated application may increase rates of pesticide dissipation in soil and reduce persistence. The potential for this to occur was investigated for the fungicide, tebuconazole (alpha-[2-(4-chlorophenyl) ethyl]-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol), when used for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. Soil samples were collected from peanut plots after each of four tebuconazole applications at 2-wk intervals. Soil moisture was adjusted to field capacity as necessary and samples were incubated in the laboratory for 63 d at 30 degrees C. Untreated plot samples spiked with the compound served as controls. Results indicated accelerated dissipation in field-treated samples with the time to fifty percent dissipation (DT50) decreasing from 43 to 5 d after three tebuconazole applications. Corresponding increases in rates of accumulation and decay of degradates were also indicated. Best-fit equations (r(2) = 0.84-0.98) to dissipation kinetic data combined with estimates of canopy interception rates were used to predict tebuconazole and degradates concentration in soil after each successive application. Predicted concentrations compared with values measured in surface soil samples were from twofold less to twofold greater. Use of kinetic data will likely enhance assessments of treatment efficacy and human and ecological risks from normal agronomic use of tebuconazole on peanut. However, the study indicated that varying soil conditions (in particular, soil temperature and water content) may have an equal or greater impact on field dissipation rate than development of accelerated dissipation. Results emphasize that extension of laboratory-derived kinetic data to field settings should be done with caution. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Potter, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM tpotter@tifton.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1205 EP 1213 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0473 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950AF UT WOS:000230829300006 PM 15942039 ER PT J AU Hively, WD Bryant, RB Fahey, TJ AF Hively, WD Bryant, RB Fahey, TJ TI Phosphorus concentrations in overland flow from diverse locations on a New York dairy farm SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; WATERSHEDS; SCALE AB The National Phosphorus Project rainfall simulator was used to quantify overland flow and P transport from nine sites distributed throughout the watershed of a New York City Watershed Agriculture Program collaborating dairy farm. Observed concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) were low (0.007-0.12 mg L-1) in flow from deciduous forest, extensively managed pasture, and hillside seeps; moderate (0.18-0.64 mg L-1) in flow from intensively managed pastures, a hayfield, and a cow path; and extremely high (11.6 mg L-1) in flow from a manured barnyard. Concentrations of TDP from sites without fresh manure were strongly correlated with soil test P (TDP [mg L-1] 0.0056 + 0.0180 X Morgan's soil test phosphorus [STP, mg kg(-1)]; R-2 = 84%). Observed concentrations of suspended solids were low (16-137 mg L-1) in flow from vegetated sites, but were higher (375-615 mg L-1) in flow from sites with little ground cover (barnyard, cow path, plowed field). Under dry summer conditions the time to observed overland flow was shorter (< 18 min) for nonfield areas (seeps, barnyard, cow path) than for field and forest areas (27-93 min), indicating that hydrologically active nonfield areas of minor spatial extent but with high soil P (e.g., cow paths and barnyards) can play a significant role in summertime P loading. When soils started from field capacity (second-day) time to overland flow was uniformly less than 23 min, indicating that under wet watershed conditions low-P source areas can dilute overland flow from concentrated sources. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Res Management Unit, University Pk, PA 16875 USA. RP Hively, WD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Dean_Hively@post.harvard.edu RI Moreira, Vinicius/E-5801-2011 NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1224 EP 1233 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0116 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950AF UT WOS:000230829300008 PM 15942041 ER PT J AU Grande, JD Karthikeyan, KG Miller, PS Powell, JM AF Grande, JD Karthikeyan, KG Miller, PS Powell, JM TI Residue level and manure application timing effects on runoff and sediment losses SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; CORN RESIDUE; ERODED SOIL; TILLAGE; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; WATER AB There is growing interest in evaluating the effects of corn silage harvesting methods on erosion control. Increasing the silage cutting height will increase residue cover and could conceivably minimize off-site migration of sediments compared with conventional silage harvesting. The effects of residue level and manure application timing on runoff and sediment losses from no-till corn were examined. Treatments included conventional corn grain (G) and silage (SL) and nonconventional, high-cut (60-65 cm) silage (SH). Corn harvesting treatments were subjected to different manure application regimes: no manure (N) or surface application in fall (F) or spring (S). Simulated rainfall (76 mm/h; 1 h) was applied in spring and fall for two years (2002-2003), runoff from 2.0- X 1.5-m plots collected, and a subsample analyzed for sediment concentration and aggregate size distribution. Runoff volume was inversely related to residue cover. Manure addition to silage plots reduced spring runoff by 71 to 88%, attributable to an increase in soil organic matter content, compared with SH-N and SL-N. Differences in sediment concentration between SH and SL were not significant. For silage plots, spring-applied manure had the greatest influence on sediment export reducing it by 84 to 93% in spring runoff compared with corresponding N plots. Sediment loads were also 85 to 97% lower from SH-S compared with SL-N in all four seasons. Except for spring 2003, sediment export was lower from G compared with SL. The combination of manure and higher residue associated with high-cut silage often lowered sediment export compared with low-cut silage. Nearly identical aggregate size distributions were observed in sediments from SH and SL plots. High residue levels combined with spring-applied manure led to enrichment in the clay-sized fraction of runoff sediment. Recently applied manure and higher residue levels achieved by high-cutting silage can substantially lower sediment losses in spring runoff when soil is most susceptible to erosion. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Karthikeyan, KG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kkarthikeyan@wisc.edu RI Baulch, Helen/I-9529-2012 NR 41 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1337 EP 1346 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0380 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950AF UT WOS:000230829300021 PM 15998856 ER PT J AU Vadas, PA Haggard, BE Gburek, WJ AF Vadas, PA Haggard, BE Gburek, WJ TI Predicting dissolved phosphorus in runoff from manured field plots SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL SIMULATOR; SOIL; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN; COMPOST; LOSSES; LITTER; MODEL AB Dissolved inorganic P transport in runoff from agricultural soils is an environmental concern. Models are used to predict P transport but rarely simulate P in runoff from surface-applied manures. Using field-plot data, we tested a previously proposed model to predict manure P in runoff. We updated the model to include more data relating water to manure ratio to manure P released during water extractions. We verified that this update can predict P release from manure to rain using published data. We tested the updated model using field-plot and soil-box data from three manure runoff studies. The model accurately predicted runoff P for boxes, but underpredicted runoff P for plots. Underpredictions were caused by runoff to rain ratios used to distribute P into runoff or infiltration. We developed P distribution fractions from manure water extraction data to replace runoff to rain ratios. Calculating P distribution fractions requires knowing rainfall rate and times that runoff begins and rain stops. Using P distribution fractions gave accurate predictions of runoff P for soil boxes and field plots. We observed relationships between measured runoff to rain ratios and both P distribution fractions and a degree of error in original predictions, calculated as (measured runoff P/predicted runoff P). Using independent field-plot data, we verified that original underpredictions of manure runoff P can be improved by calculating P distribution fractions from measured runoff to rain ratios or adjusting runoff to rain ratios based on their degree of error. Future work should test the model at field or watershed scales and at longer time scales. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Vadas, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Circle Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Peter.Vadas@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1347 EP 1353 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0424 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950AF UT WOS:000230829300022 PM 15998857 ER PT J AU Casey, FXM Simunek, J Lee, J Larsen, GL Hakk, H AF Casey, FXM Simunek, J Lee, J Larsen, GL Hakk, H TI Sorption, mobility, and transformation of estrogenic hormones in natural soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; STEROID ESTROGENS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; TRANSPORT; TESTOSTERONE; WATER; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; SEDIMENTS; HYDROCARBONS; CONTAMINANTS AB Potent estrogenic hormones are consistently detected in the environment at low concentration, yet these chemicals are strongly sorbed to soil and are labile. The objective of this research was to improve the understanding of the processes of sorption, mobility, and transformation for estrogens in natural soils, and their interaction. Equilibrium and kinetic batch sorption experiments, and a long-term column study were used to study the fate and transport of 17 beta-estradiol and its primary metabolite, estrone, in natural soil. Kinetic and equilibrium batch experiments were done using radiolabeled 17 beta-estradiol and estrone. At the concentrations used, it appeared that equilibrium sorption for both estrogens was achieved between 5 and 24 h, and that the equilibrium sorption isotherms were linear. The log K., values for 17 beta-estradiol (2.94) and estrone (2.99) were consistent with previously reported values. Additionally, it was found that there was rate-limited sorption for both 17 beta-estradiol (0.178 h(-1)) and estrone (0.210 h(-1)). An approximately 42 h long, steady-flow, saturated column experiment was used to study the transport of radiolabeled 17 beta-estradiol, which was applied in a 5.00 mg L-1 solution pulse for 44 pore volumes. 17 beta-estradiol and estrone were the predominant compounds detected in the effluent. The effluent breakthrough curves were asymmetric and the transport modeling indicated that sorption was ratelimited. Sorption rates and distributions of the estrogens were in agreement between column and batch experiments. This research can provide a better link between the laboratory results and observations in the natural environment. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dep Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environ Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dep Biosyst Eng & Environ Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Metab Agr Chem Res Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Casey, FXM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dep Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM francis.casey@ndsu.edu RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 NR 35 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 60 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1372 EP 1379 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0290 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950AF UT WOS:000230829300025 PM 15998860 ER PT J AU Torbert, HA King, KW Harmel, RD AF Torbert, HA King, KW Harmel, RD TI Impact of soil amendments on reducing phosphorus losses from runoff in sod SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; SURFACE RUNOFF; MANURE PHOSPHORUS; ALUM SLUDGE; EXTRACTABILITY; SOLUBILITY; TRANSPORT AB Research was initiated to study the interaction between soil amendments (lime, gypsum, and ferrous sulfate) and dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus [RP(< 0.45)] losses from manure applications from concentrated runoff flow through a sod surface. Four run-over boxes (2.2-m(2) surface area) were prepared for each treatment with a bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] sod surface (using sod blocks) and composted dairy manure was surface-applied at rates of 0, 4.5, 9, or 13.5 Mg ha(-1). The three soil amendments were then applied to the boxes. Two 30-min runoff events were conducted and runoff water was collected at 10-min intervals and analyzed for RP(< 0.45). Results indicated that the addition of ferrous sulfate was very effective at reducing the level of RP(< 0.45). in runoff water, reducing RP(< 0.45) from 1.3 mg L-(1) for the highest compost rate with no amendment to 0.2 mg L-1 for the ferrous sulfate in the first 10 min of runoff. Lime and gypsum showed a small impact on reducing RP(< 0.45), with a reduction in the first 10 min to 0.9 and 0.8 mg L-1, respectively. The ferrous sulfate reduced the RP(< 0.45) in the tank at the end of the first runoff event by 66.3% compared with no amendment. In the second runoff event, the ferrous sulfate was very effective at reducing RP(< 0.45) in runoff, with no significant differences in RP(< 0.45) with application of 13.5 Mg ha(-1) compost compared with no manure application. The results indicate that the addition of ferrous sulfate may greatly reduce RP(< 0.45) losses in runoff and has considerable potential to be used on pasture, turfgrass, and filter strips to reduce the initial RP(< 0.45) losses from manure application to the environment. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USDA, ARS Soil Drainage Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Torbert, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM atorbert@ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1415 EP 1421 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0481 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950AF UT WOS:000230829300029 PM 15998864 ER PT J AU Kinraide, TB Parker, DR Zobel, RW AF Kinraide, TB Parker, DR Zobel, RW TI Organic acid secretion as a mechanism of aluminium resistance: a model incorporating the root cortex, epidermis, and the external unstirred layer SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE aluminium; aluminum; diffusion; haematoxylin; malate; organic acid; toxicity; wheat ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; TRANSITION ZONE; WHEAT ROOTS; DISTAL PART; AL TOLERANCE; ZEA-MAYS; APICES; EXUDATION; TOXICITY; MAIZE AB The resistance of some plants to Al (aluminium or aluminum) has been attributed to the secretion of Al(3+)-binding organic acid (OA) anions from the Al-sensitive root tips. Evidence for the 'OA secretion hypothesis' of resistance is substantial, but the mode of action remains unknown because the OA secretion appears to be too small to reduce adequately the activity of Al(3+) at the root surface. In this study a mechanism for the reduction of Al(3+) at the root surface and just beneath the epidermis by complexation with secreted OA(2-) is considered. According to our computations, Al(3+) activity is insufficiently reduced at the surface of the root tips to account for the Al resistance of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Atlas 66, a malate-secreting wheat. Experimental treatments to decrease the thickness of the unstirred layer (increased aeration and removal of root-tip mucilage) failed to enhance sensitivity to Al(3+). On the basis of additional modelling, the observed spatial distribution of Al in roots, and the anatomical responses to Al, it is proposed that the epidermis is an essential component of the diffusion pathway for both OA and Al. We suggest that Al(3+) in the cortex must be reduced to small concentrations in order substantially to alleviate the inhibition of root elongation and so that the outer surface of the epidermis can tolerate relatively large concentrations of Al(3+). If OA secretion is required for reducing Al(3+) mainly beneath the root surface, rather than in the rhizosphere, then the metabolic cost to plants will be greatly reduced. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Kinraide, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM tom.kinraide@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 56 IS 417 BP 1853 EP 1865 DI 10.1093/jxb/eri175 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 942UZ UT WOS:000230309700015 PM 15928019 ER PT J AU Yang, CC Chao, KL Chen, YR AF Yang, CC Chao, KL Chen, YR TI Development of multispectral image processing algorithms for identification of wholesome, septicemic, and inflammatory process chickens SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE food safety; machine vision; poultry ID CARCASSES AB A multispectral imaging system and image processing algorithms for food safety inspection of poultry carcasses were demonstrated. Three key wavelengths of 460, 540, and 700 nm, previously identified using a visible/near-infrared spectrophotometer, were implemented in a common-aperture multispectral imaging system, and images were collected for 174 wholesome, 75 inflammatory process, and 170 septicemic chickens. Principal component analysis was used to develop an algorithm for separating septicemic chickens from wholesome and 1P chickens based on average intensity of first component images. A threshold value of 105 was able to correctly separate 95.6% of septicemic chickens. To differentiate inflammatory process chickens, a region of interest was defined from which spectral features were determined. The algorithm was able to correctly identify 100% of inflammatory process chickens by detecting pixels that satisfied the spectral feature conditions. A decision tree model was created to classify the three chicken conditions using inputs from the two image processing algorithms. The results showed that 89.6% of wholesome, 92.3% of inflammatory process, and 94.4% of septicemic chickens were correctly classified. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, ISL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Chao, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, ISL, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chaok@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.07.021 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 914QK UT WOS:000228242400013 ER PT J AU Smith, DP Cason, JA Berrang, ME AF Smith, DP Cason, JA Berrang, ME TI Effect of fecal contamination and cross-contamination on numbers of coliform, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, and Salmonella on immersion-chilled broiler carcasses SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN CARCASSES; POULTRY MEAT; PROCESSING PLANTS; COUNTER FLOW; WATER; JEJUNI; SPP.; TYPHIMURIUM; BACTERIA; PARALLEL AB The effect of prechill fecal contamination on numbers of bacteria on immersion-chilled carcasses was tested in each of three replicate trials. For each trial, 16 eviscerated broiler carcasses were split into 32 halves and assigned to one of two groups. Cecal contents (0.1 g inoculated with Campylobacter and nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella) were applied to each of eight halves in one group (direct contamination) that were placed into one paddle chiller (contaminated), whereas the other paired halves were placed into another chiller (control). From the second group of eight split birds, one of each paired half was placed in the contaminated chiller (to determine cross-contamination) and the other half was placed in the control chiller. Postchill carcass halves were sampled by a 1-min rinse in sterile water, which was collected and cultured. Bacterial counts were reported as log CFU per milliliter of rinsate. There were no significant statistical differences (paired t test, P < 0.05) from direct contamination for coliforms (mean 3.0 log CFU) and Escherichia coli (mean 2.7 log CFU), although Campylobacter numbers significantly increased from control values because of direct contamination (1.5 versus 2.1 log CFU), and the incidence increased from 79 to 100%. There was no significant effect of cross-contamination on coliform (mean 2.9 log CFU) or E. coli (mean 2.6 log CFU) numbers. Nevertheless, Campylobacter levels were significantly higher after exposure to cross-contamination (1.6 versus 2.0 log CFU), and the incidence of this bacterium increased from 75 to 100%. Salmonella-positive halves increased from 0 to 42% postchill because of direct contamination and from 0 to 25% as a result of cross-contamination after chilling. Water samples and surface swabs taken postchill from the contaminated chiller were higher for Campylobacter than those taken from the control chiller. Immersion chilling equilibrated bacterial numbers between contaminated and control halves subjected to either direct contamination or cross-contamination for coliforms and E. coli. Campylobacter numbers, Campylobacter incidence, and Salmonella incidence increased because of both direct contamination and cross-contamination in the chiller. Postchill E. coli numbers did not indicate which carcass halves were contaminated with feces before chilling. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Smith, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dpsmith@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1340 EP 1345 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 943CP UT WOS:000230329900003 PM 16013368 ER PT J AU Bari, ML Ukuku, DO Kawasaki, T Inatsu, Y Isshiki, K Kawamoto, S AF Bari, ML Ukuku, DO Kawasaki, T Inatsu, Y Isshiki, K Kawamoto, S TI Combined efficacy of nisin and pediocin with sodium lactate, citric acid, Phytic acid, and potassium sorbate and EDTA in reducing the Listeria monocytogenes population of inoculated fresh-cut produce SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; FOOD; CHLORINE; DISINFECTION; PEDIOCOCCUS; TEMPERATURE; BACTERIOCIN; SENSITIVITY; SALMONELLA; VEGETABLES AB The inability of chlorine to completely inactivate human bacterial pathogens on whole and fresh-cut produce suggests a need for other antimicrobial washing treatments. Nisin (50 mu g/ml) and pediocin (100 AU/ml) individually or in combination with sodium lactate (2%), potassium sorbate (0.02%), phytic acid (0.02%), and citric acid (10 mM) were tested as possible sanitizer treatments for reducing the population of Listeria monocytogenes on cabbage, broccoli, and mung bean sprouts. Cabbage, broccoli, and mung bean sprouts were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes at 4.61, 4.34, and 4.67 log CFU/g, respectively. Inoculated produce was left at room temperature (25 degrees C) for up to 4 h before antimicrobial treatment. Washing treatments were applied to inoculated produce for 1 min, and surviving bacterial populations were determined. When tested alone, all compounds resulted in 2.20- to 4.35-log reductions of L. monocytogenes on mung bean, cabbage, and broccoli, respectively. The combination treatments nisin-phytic acid and nisin-pediocin-phytic acid caused significant (P < 0.05) reductions of L. monocytogenes on cabbage and broccoli but not on mung bean sprouts. Pediocin treatment alone or in combination with any of the organic acid tested was more effective in reducing L. monocytogenes populations than the nisin treatment alone. Although none of the combination treatments completely eliminated the pathogen on the produce, the results suggest that some of the treatments evaluated in this study can be used to improve the microbial safety of fresh-cut cabbage, broccoli, and mung bean sprouts. C1 Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bari, ML (reprint author), Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Team, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM latiful@nfri.affrc.go.jp NR 42 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 23 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1381 EP 1387 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 943CP UT WOS:000230329900009 PM 16013374 ER PT J AU Bosilevac, JM Shackelford, SD Brichta, DM Koohmaraie, M AF Bosilevac, JM Shackelford, SD Brichta, DM Koohmaraie, M TI Efficacy of ozonated and electrolyzed oxidative waters to decontaminate hides of cattle before slaughter SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BEEF PROCESSING PLANT; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CARCASSES; SALMONELLA; PREVALENCE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; INACTIVATION AB The hides of cattle are the primary source of pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 that contaminate preevisceration carcasses during commercial beef processing. A number of interventions that reduce hide contamination and subsequent carcass contamination are currently being developed. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of ozonated and electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) waters to decontaminate beef hides and to compare these treatments with similar washing in water without the active antimicrobial compounds. Cattle hides draped over barrels were used as the model system. Ozonated water (2 ppm) was applied at 4,800 kPa (700 lb in(2)) and 15 degrees C for 10 s. Alkaline EO water and acidic EO water were sequentially applied at 60 degrees C for 10 s at 4,800 and 1,700 kPa (250 lb m(2)), respectively. Treatment using ozonated water reduced hide aerobic plate counts by 2.1 log CFU/100 cm(2) and reduced Enterobacteriaceae counts by 3.4 log CFU/100 cm(2). EO water treatment reduced aerobic plate counts by 3.5 log CFU/100 cm(2) and reduced Enterobacteriaceae counts by 4.3 log CFU/100 cm(2). Water controls that matched the wash conditions of the ozonated and EO treatments reduced aerobic plate counts by only 0.5 and 1.0 log CFU/100 cm(2), respectively, and each reduced Enterobacteriaceae counts by 0.9 log CFU/100 cm(2). The prevalence of E. coli O157 on hides was reduced from 89 to 31% following treatment with ozonated water and from 82 to 35% following EO water treatment. Control wash treatments had no significant effect on the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7. These results demonstrate that ozonated and EO waters can be used to decontaminate hides during processing and may be viable treatments for significantly reducing pathogen loads on beef hides, thereby reducing pathogens on beef carcasses. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Bosilevac, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM bosilevac@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 28 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1393 EP 1398 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 943CP UT WOS:000230329900011 PM 16013376 ER PT J AU Stern, NJ Svetoch, EA Eruslanov, BV Kovalev, YN Volodina, LI Perelygin, VV Mitsevich, EV Mitsevich, IP Levchuk, VP AF Stern, NJ Svetoch, EA Eruslanov, BV Kovalev, YN Volodina, LI Perelygin, VV Mitsevich, EV Mitsevich, IP Levchuk, VP TI Paenibacillus polymyxa purified bacteriocin to control Campylobacter jejuni in chickens SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; COLONIZATION; POULTRY; SPP. AB Campylobacter spp. cause numerous foodborne diseases. Poultry is thought to be a significant source of this zoonosis. Although many interventions designed to control this agent have been researched, none have succeeded. We evaluated a bacteriocin-based treatment to reduce Campylobacter jejuni colonization in poultry. A previously described purified bacteriocin (class IIa; molecular mass, 3,864 Da), secreted by Paenibacillus polymyxa NRRL-B-30509, was microencapsulated in polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 0.25 g of the purified bacteriocin was incorporated into I kg of chicken feed. One-day-old chickens were orally challenged and colonized with one of four isolates of C jejuni, then reared in isolation facilities. Birds were provided ad libitum access to standard broiler starter feed and water for 7 days until 3 days before sampling, when only the treated groups of birds were provided the bacteriocin-emended feed described. In each of the eight (four by two replicates) trials, significant reductions in colonization by C. jejuni were observed (P <= 0.05). As an example of this highly consistent data, in the first trial, 10 untreated 10-day-old chickens were colonized at a mean log 7.2 + 0.3 CFU/g of feces, whereas none of the 10 bacteriocin-treated 10-day-old chickens were colonized with detectable numbers of C. jejuni. Bacteriocin treatment dramatically reduced both intestinal levels and frequency of chicken colonization by C jejuni. Feeding bacteriocins before poultry slaughter appears to provide control of C. jejuni to effectively reduce human exposure. This advance is directed toward on-farm control of pathogens, as opposed to the currently used chemical disinfection of contaminated carcasses. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, PMSRU, Athens, GA 30604 USA. SRCAM, Obolensk, Russia. RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, PMSRU, 9500 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM nstern@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 17 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1450 EP 1453 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 943CP UT WOS:000230329900020 PM 16013385 ER PT J AU Hinton, A Ingram, KD AF Hinton, A Ingram, KD TI Microbicidal activity of tripotassium phosphate and fatty acids toward spoilage and pathogenic bacteria associated with poultry SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BROILER CARCASSES; REFRIGERATED STORAGE; TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE; CHICKEN SKIN; FLORA; YEASTS; RAW AB The ability of solutions of tripotassium phosphate (TPP) and fatty acids (lauric and myristic acids) to reduce populations of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms associated with processed poultry was examined. In vitro studies were conducted with cultures of bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus) and yeasts (Candida ernobii and Yarrowia lipolytica). Cultures of the bacteria and yeasts were suspended in solutions of TPP or mixtures of TPP with lauric or myristic acid and mixed for 5 min. Viable numbers (log CFU per milliliter) in the suspensions were enumerated on microbiological agar. Results indicated that TPP solutions are highly bactericidal toward gram-negative bacteria and that mixtures of TPP and fatty acids are highly microbicidal toward gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and yeasts. The microbicidal activity of mixtures of TPP and fatty acids toward the native bacterial flora of skin of processed broiler carcasses was also examined. Skin samples were washed in mixtures of TPP and fatty acid, and the populations of total aerobic bacteria, campylobacters, enterococci, E. coli, lactic acid bacteria, pseudomonads, staphylococci, and yeasts in the skin rinsates were enumerated on the appropriate microbiological media. Results indicated that washing the skin in mixtures of TPP and fatty acids produced significant reductions in the number of aerobic bacteria, campylobacters, E. coli, pseudomonads, and yeasts recovered from skin rinsates, but there was no significant reduction in the populations of enterococci, lactic acid bacteria, or staphylococci. These findings indicate that mixtures of TPP and fatty acids possess microbicidal activity against several microorganisms associated with processed poultry and that these solutions could be useful as microbicides to reduce the populations of some bacteria and yeasts associated with some poultry processing operations. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hinton, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ahinton@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1462 EP 1466 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 943CP UT WOS:000230329900023 PM 16013388 ER PT J AU Hawkins, LK Windham, GL Williams, WP AF Hawkins, LK Windham, GL Williams, WP TI Effect of different postharvest drying temperatures on Aspergillus flavus survival and aflatoxin content in five maize hybrids SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CORN; CONTAMINATION; REGISTRATION; RESISTANCE; RATES; GRAIN; LINE AB After harvest, maize is dried artificially to halt fungal growth and mycotoxin production while in postharvest storage. The process often limits harvest capacity and has been a frequent cause of seed injury. Higher drying temperatures could lead to shorter drying periods and faster turnover; however, there is often a deterioration of the physical grain quality, including increased breakage susceptibility and loss of viability. The goals of this study were to determine the effect of different postharvest drying temperatures on Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides survival and aflatoxin content in maize and to determine the viability of the seed. Five corn hybrids varying in resistance to A. flavus were side needle-inoculated with A. flavus, harvested at physiological maturity, and dried at temperatures ranging from 40 to 70 degrees C. Kernels were evaluated for aflatoxin, stress cracks, germination, and kernel infection by A. flavus and a natural infestation of F. verticillioides. Drying temperature had no effects on aflatoxin concentration given the heat stability of the toxin. With increased temperatures from 40 to 70 degrees C, germination decreased significantly, from 96 to 27%, and stress cracks increased significantly (1.4 up to 18.7). At temperatures above 60 degrees C, F. verticillioides kernel infection was significantly reduced to less than 18%. At 70 degrees C, there was a significant reduction in A. flavus kernel infection, from 11 to 3%. This information is useful in determining a range of temperatures that can be used for drying seed when fungal infection, stress cracks, and seed viability are of interest. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Hawkins, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM lhawkins@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1521 EP 1524 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 943CP UT WOS:000230329900035 PM 16013400 ER PT J AU Smith, JL AF Smith, JL TI Colonic spirochetosis in animals and humans SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID HUMAN INTESTINAL SPIROCHETOSIS; BRACHYSPIRA-AALBORGI INFECTION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PATHOGEN-FREE CHICKS; SERPULINA-PILOSICOLI; EGG-PRODUCTION; CECAL SPIROCHETOSIS; BROILER BREEDERS; BIOPSY SPECIMENS; SWINE-DYSENTERY AB Colonic spirochetosis is a disease caused by the gram-negative bacteria Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira pilosicoli. B. pilosicoli induces disease in both humans and animals, whereas B. aalborgi affects only humans and higher primates. Symptoms in humans include diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and abdominal cramps. Colonic spirochetosis is common in third world countries; however, in developed countries, the disease is observed mainly in homosexual males. Terminally ill patients infected with Brachyspira are particularly at risk for developing spirochetemia. Diarrhea, poor growth performance, and decreased feed-to-gain efficiency is seen in pigs with colonic spirochetosis. The disease in chickens is characterized by delayed and/or reduced egg production, diarrhea, poor feed conversion, and retarded growth. Thus, colonic spirochetosis can represent a serious economic loss in the swine and poultry industries. The organisms are transmitted by the fecal-oral route, and several studies have demonstrated that human, primate, pig, dog, or bird strains of B. pilosicoli can be transmitted to pigs, chickens, and mice. B. pilosicoli may be a zoonotic pathogen, and although it has not been demonstrated, there is a possibility that both B. pilosicoli and B. aalborgi can be transferred to humans via contact with the feces of infected animals, meat from infected animals, or food contaminated by food handlers. Neither B. pilosicoli nor B. aalborgi has been well characterized in terms of basic cellular functions, pathogenicity, or genetics. Studies are needed to more thoroughly understand these Brachyspira species and their disease mechanisms. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jsmith@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 91 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1525 EP 1534 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 943CP UT WOS:000230329900036 PM 16013401 ER PT J AU Dumroese, RK Landis, TD Barnett, JP Burch, F AF Dumroese, RK Landis, TD Barnett, JP Burch, F TI Forest Service nurseries: 100 years of ecosystem restoration SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE nursery; forest restoration; seedlings; reforestation AB The USDA Forest Service broke ground on its first nursery in 1902 and since then its nurseries have adapted to many changes in scope and direction: from fire restoration to conservation, to reforestation, and back to restoration. In addition to providing a reliable source of native plant material, they have also been a source of research and technology transfer in seedling production and quality. Today, Forest Service nurseries face difficult times due to sharp declines in reforestation seedling orders, but strive to respond to increased demand for a wide variety of native plants for ecosystem restoration. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest & Rangeland Management Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Dumroese, RK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM kdumroese@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 103 IS 5 BP 241 EP 247 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 957LL UT WOS:000231371200009 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC AF Bragg, DC TI Learning the hard way: The beginnings of Forest Service research in Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB Thia article discusses the history and establishment of the Forest Service in Arkansas. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 3516 UAM, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM dbragg@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 103 IS 5 BP 248 EP 254 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 957LL UT WOS:000231371200010 ER PT J AU Glasser, SP AF Glasser, SP TI History of watershed management in the US Forest Service: 1897-2005 SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE watershed management; barometer watersheds; research watersheds; history AB Legal statutes and scientific research have been essential to the Forest Service mission for the past 100 years. Congressional direction for administration of the forest reserves, now called national forests, began in 1897 with passage of the Organic Administration Act. One of the defined purposes for which federal forest lands were set aside from settlement was "securing favorable conditions of water flow." Since then, more than 25 other federal statutes have further defined watershed management on these lands. The Research branch began watershed experiments in 1910 and did most of the watershed work by the Forest Service until the 1970s. Contributions of key individuals, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the barometer watershed program of the 1960s, and other programs in the National Forest System and the State and Private Forestry branches are examined. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, WFW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Glasser, SP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, WFW, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Mail Stop 1121, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM sglasser@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 103 IS 5 BP 255 EP 258 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 957LL UT WOS:000231371200011 ER PT J AU Alonso, CV AF Alonso, CV TI Discussion of "Hydrodynamic loading on river bridges" by Stefano Malavasi and Alberto Guadagnini SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURFACE; LOGS C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Alonso, CV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2005 VL 131 IS 7 BP 619 EP 621 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:7(619) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 941TL UT WOS:000230237000011 ER PT J AU Smith, MR Zahnley, JC AF Smith, MR Zahnley, JC TI Production of amylase by Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amylase; starch; psychrophile; psychrotroph; Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus ID ALPHA-AMYLASE; BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; BACTERIA AB Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus ATCC 700733 grew with a doubling time of 1.5-2.3 h (22 degrees C) and produced up to 0.2 units/mL (soluble starch assay) of extracellular amylase in tryptic soy broth without dextrose (TSBWD) containing 0.5% or 1.0% (w/v) soluble starch or maltose as the fermentable substrate. Time-course experiments in media containing soluble starch as substrate showed that amylolytic activity appeared in cultures at 24 h (after exponential growth had ceased), reached peak levels in 72-96 h, and declined rapidly after reaching peak levels. Peak levels were highest in TSBWD containing 1.0% soluble starch. Proteolytic activity appeared at about the same time as amylolytic activity and increased during the period of amylase production. Significant amylase production was not observed in cultures in TSBWD with 0.5% glucose or in cultures grown at 28 degrees C, but low levels of amylase were observed in TSBWD cultures grown at 19-23 degrees C which contained no added carbohydrate. A single band of activity was observed after electrophoresis of supernatant fractions in non-denaturing gels, followed by in situ staining for amylolytic activity. The amylase possessed a raw starch-binding domain and bound to uncooked corn, wheat or potato starch granules. It was active in the Phadebas assay for alpha-amylase. Activity was maximum on soluble starch at a temperature between 40 degrees C and 50 degrees C. The amylase after purification by affinity chromatography on raw starch granules exhibited two starch-binding protein bands on SDS gels of 105 kDa and 26 kDa. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Smith, MR (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mrsmith@pw.usda.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s10295-005-0240-3 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 952WZ UT WOS:000231038000002 PM 15931519 ER PT J AU Robacker, DD Fraser, I AF Robacker, DD Fraser, I TI What do Mexican fruit flies learn when they experience fruit? SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; fruit fly; host; attraction; oviposition; experience; learning; odor ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; CABBAGE-LOOPER; HOST FRUIT; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; ATTRACTION; GRAPEFRUIT; BEHAVIOR; INDUCTION AB Mexican fruit flies learn fruit characteristics that enable them to distinguish familiar fruits from novel fruits. We investigated whether mature Mexican fruit flies learn fruit color, size or odor. We found no evidence that female flies learn fruit color or size after experience with host fruit, including oviposition. However, green fruit and fruit models were more attractive than yellow and red fruit and fruit models regardless of previous experience. Females with grapefruit experience were more attracted to fruit models with extract of either grapefruit peel or pulp, than to models without extract. Females with no experience with grapefruit were not attracted to models treated with grapefruit extract. These results indicate that females learned fruit odor during exposure to grapefruit. C1 ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza SARC, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Robacker, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza SARC, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX USA. EM drobacker@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 529 EP 542 DI 10.1007/s10905-005-5610-1 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 946IQ UT WOS:000230566000007 ER PT J AU Xiao, K Bai, GH Carver, BF AF Xiao, K Bai, GH Carver, BF TI Nylon filter arrays reveal differential expression of expressed sequence tags in wheat roots under aluminum stress SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminum tolerance; differential gene expression; near-isogenic lines; suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH); wheat ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; PROTEIN-KINASES; HIGHER-PLANTS; AL TOXICITY; TOLERANCE; ACID; ARABIDOPSIS; RESISTANCE; MALATE; MAGNESIUM AB To enrich differentially expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for aluminum (Al) tolerance, cDNA subtraction libraries were generated from Al-stressed roots of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) near-isogenic lines (NILs) contrasting in Al-tolerance gene(s) from the Al-tolerant cultivar Atlas 66, using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Expression patterns of the ESTs were investigated with nylon filter arrays containing 614 cDNA clones from the subtraction library. Gene expression profiles from macroarray analysis indicated that 25 ESTs were upregulated in the tolerant NIL in response to Al stress. The result from Northern analysis of selected upregulated ESTs was similar to that from macroarray analysis. These highly expressed ESTs showed high homology with genes involved in signal transduction, oxidative stress alleviation, membrane structure, Mg2+ transportation, and other functions. Under Al stress, the Al-tolerant NIL may possess altered structure or function of the cell wall, plasma membrane, and mitochondrion. The wheat response to Al stress may involve complicated defense-related signaling and metabolic pathways. The present experiment did not detect any induced or activated genes involved in the synthesis of malate and other organic acids in wheat under Al-stress. C1 Hebei Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Baoding 071001, Peoples R China. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Hebei Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Baoding 071001, Peoples R China. EM gbai@agron.ksu.edu NR 40 TC 7 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 47 IS 7 BP 839 EP 848 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00108.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 942OA UT WOS:000230290500008 ER PT J AU Ugine, TA Wraight, SP Brownbridge, M Sanderson, JP AF Ugine, TA Wraight, SP Brownbridge, M Sanderson, JP TI Development of a novel bioassay for estimation of median lethal concentrations (LC50) and doses (LD50) of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Frankliniella occidentalis; bioassay; Beauveria bassiana; entomopathogenic fungi; microbial control; secondary pick-up ID PERGANDE THYSANOPTERA; RESISTANCE AB To conduct laboratory experiments aimed at quantifying secondary acquisition of fungal conidia by western flower thrips (Frank-liniella occidentalis), an efficient assay technique using Beauveria bassiana as the model fungus was developed. Various application protocols were tested and it was determined that the percent mortality did not vary among protocols. Peak mortality of second-instar nymphs, under constant exposure to conidia, occurred 5 days post-inoculation. Second-instar thrips that were exposed to conidia within 24 It of the molt to second instar were more susceptible to Beauveria bassiana than thrips exposed after times greater than 24 h post-molt. Conidia efficacy, which was monitored at 24 It intervals, did not differ significantly within 72 h. A test of the final bioassay system was conducted in a series of assays aimed at determining the LD50 of B. bassiana technical powder against second-instar western flower thrips. It was determined that B. bassiana (strain GHA) is highly effective at very low doses (LD50 of 33-66 conidia/insect). (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Vermont, Entomol Res Lab, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Ugine, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tau2@cornell.edu; spw4@cornell.edu; michael.brownbridge@uvm.edu; jps3@cornell.edu NR 23 TC 22 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.05.010 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 964YQ UT WOS:000231917300004 PM 16039665 ER PT J AU Nielsen, C Keena, M Hajek, AE AF Nielsen, C Keena, M Hajek, AE TI Virulence and fitness of the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in its host Lymantria dispar, for pathogen and host strains originating from Asia, Europe, and North America SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; Entomophaga maimaiga; bioassays; co-evolution; virulence; fitness ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; PEA APHID; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; POPULATIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; TEMPERATURE; EPIZOOTICS AB In this study, we tested (1) whether non-North American gypsy moth strains are susceptible to North American isolates of Entomophaga maimaiga and (2) the potential for erosion in the efficacy of E maimaiga in controlling gypsy moth. We used bioassays to assess the variability in virulence (measured as time to death) as well as fitness of the pathogen (measured as spore production) in four gypsy strains challenged with six E. maimaiga isolates, using host and pathogen strains originating from Asia, Europe, and North America. We found that all E. maimaiga isolates tested were pathogenic to all strains of Lymantria dispar, regardless of the geographical origin of the fungal isolate, with at least 86% mortality for all combinations of fungal isolate and gypsy moth strain. We therefore conclude that Asian gypsy moths are susceptible to North American strains of E. maimaiga. No significant interactions between fungal isolates and gypsy moth strains with regard to time to death were found, indicating that each fungal isolate had the same overall effect on all the gypsy moth strains tested. However, fungal isolates differed significantly with regard to virulence, with a Russian isolate being the slowest to kill gypsy moth (5.1 +/- 0.1 days) and a Japanese isolate being the overall fastest to kill its host (4.0 +/- 0.1 days). Fungal isolates also differed in fitness, with variability in types of spores produced. These differences in virulence and fitness were, however, not correlated with geographical origin of the fungal isolate. Gypsy moth strains had no or only little effect on fungal virulence and fitness. Based on our studies with laboratory-reared gypsy moth strains, erosion of successful control of gypsy moth by E. maimaiga seems unlikely. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Nielsen, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cn49@cornell.edu NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 3 BP 232 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.05.004 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 964YQ UT WOS:000231917300006 PM 16023665 ER PT J AU Clemmens, AJ Bautista, E Wahlin, BT Strand, RJ AF Clemmens, AJ Bautista, E Wahlin, BT Strand, RJ TI Simulation of automatic canal control systems SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE unsteady flow; open channels; control systems; simulation; canals ID CONTROL ALGORITHMS; PROGRAM; IRRIGATION AB Simulation models for unsteady open channel flows have been commercially available for more than 2 decades. Most of these models are now available for personal computers and can be used to study the control of irrigation canals. Studies on automatic control methods and algorithms have been performed on at least half a dozen of the available unsteady-flow simulation models. Although, many of these automation studies have been conducted by the institution that created the simulation model, these simulation models were not created with automatic gate control in mind, and thus one has to be intimately familiar with the source code in order to implement sophisticated control features. Three commercially available unsteady-flow simulation software packages that allow automatic control of gates based on algorithms written by users are: CanalCAD from the Univ. of Iowa, Hydraulics Lab; Mike 11 version 3.2 from the Danish Hydraulic Institute; and Sobek from Delft Hydraulics. In this paper, we describe the various features of these unsteady-flow simulation packages and how they interface to control engineering software/code. There are a number of tradeoffs between simplicity and functionality. All these models present difficulties and have limitations. The hope is to provide guidance on the next generation of unsteady-flow canal simulation models so that control functions can be routinely applied. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. WEST Consultants, Tempe, AZ 85283 USA. RP Clemmens, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM bclemmens@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 40 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 131 IS 4 BP 324 EP 335 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2005)131:4(324) PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 949HQ UT WOS:000230776200003 ER PT J AU Clemmens, AJ AF Clemmens, AJ TI Discussion of "Transition effects in flow over side weirs" by Yilmaz Muslu, Ebubekir Yuksel, and Hasan Tozluk SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Clemmens, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 131 IS 4 BP 392 EP 392 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2004)130:1(92) PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 949HQ UT WOS:000230776200016 ER PT J AU Yang, QN Lai, CQ Parnell, L Cupples, LA Adiconis, X Zhu, YP Wilson, PWF Housman, DE Shearman, AM D'Agostino, RB Ordovas, JM AF Yang, QN Lai, CQ Parnell, L Cupples, LA Adiconis, X Zhu, YP Wilson, PWF Housman, DE Shearman, AM D'Agostino, RB Ordovas, JM TI Genome-wide linkage analyses and candidate gene fine mapping for HDL3 cholesterol: the Framingham Study SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE high density lipoprotein; high density lipoprotein 3; microsatellite marker; single nucleotide polymorphism; PLAGL1 ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; FAMILY-BASED TESTS; APO A-I; SEGREGATION ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; ALLELIC VARIATION; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is inversely associated with coronary heart disease and has a genetic component; however, linkage to HDL-C is not conclusive. Subfractions of HDL, such as HDL3-C, may be better phenotypes for linkage studies. Using HDL3-C levels measured on 907 Framingham Heart Study subjects from 330 families around 1987, we conducted a genome-wide variance components linkage analysis with 401 microsatellite markers spaced similar to 10 centimorgan ( cM) apart. Nine candidate genes were identified and annotated using a bioinformatics approach in the region of the highest linkage peak. Twenty-eight single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) were selected from these candidate genes, and linkage and family-based association fine mapping were conducted using these SNPs. The highest multipoint log-of-the-odds (LOD) score from the initial linkage analysis was 3.7 at 133 cM on chromosome 6. Linkage analyses with additional SNPs yielded the highest LOD score of 4.0 at 129 cM on chromosome 6. Family-based association analysis revealed that SNP rs2257104 in PLAGL1 at similar to 143 cM was associated with multivariable adjusted HDL3 ( P = 0.03). Further study of the linkage region and exploration of other variants in PLAGL1 are warranted to define the potential functional variants of HDL-C metabolism. - Yang, Q., C- Q. Lai, L. Parnell, L. A. Cupples, X. Adiconis, Y. Zhu, P. W. F. Wilson, D. E. Housman, A. M. Shearman, R. B. D'Agostino, and J. M. Ordovas. Genome-wide linkage analyses and candidate gene fine mapping for HDL 3 cholesterol: the Framingham Study. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Endocrinol Nutr & Diabet, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept, Nutr & Genom Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. MIT, Canc Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Yang, QN (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM qyang@bu.edu OI Yang, Qiong/0000-0002-3658-1375; Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Parnell, Laurence/0000-0001-9718-1335; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-54776, N01-HC-25195, P50-HL-63494, R01-HL-65230]; PHS HHS [1-38038] NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1416 EP 1425 DI 10.1194/jlr.M400382-JLR200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 934XA UT WOS:000229741700008 PM 15805549 ER PT J AU Yen, CLE Monetti, M Burri, BJ Farese, RV AF Yen, CLE Monetti, M Burri, BJ Farese, RV TI The triacylglycerol synthesis enzyme DGAT1 also catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerols, waxes, and retinyl esters SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE acyl CoA : diacylglycerol acyltransferase; retinol (vitamin A); wax ester; monoacylglycerol ID ACYL-COENZYME-A; RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES; CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; MONOACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; OBESITY RESISTANCE; LEPTIN SENSITIVITY; SEBACEOUS GLANDS; BINDING PROTEIN; LIPID-SYNTHESIS AB The final step of triacylglycerol biosynthesis is catalyzed by acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes. The two known DGATs, DGAT1 and DGAT2, are encoded by unrelated genes. Although both DGAT1 and DGAT2 knockout mice have reduced tissue triacylglycerol contents, they have disparate phenotypes, prompting us to investigate whether the two enzymes have unrecognized functional differences. We now report that DGAT1 exhibits additional acyltransferase activities in vitro, including those of acyl CoA: monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT), wax monoester and wax diester synthases, and acyl CoA: retinol acyltransferase (ARAT), which catalyze the synthesis of diacylglycerols, wax esters, and retinyl esters, respectively. These activities were demonstrated in in vitro assays with membranes from insect cells or homogenates from COS7 cells overexpressing DGAT1. Wax synthase and ARAT activities were also demonstrated in intact COS7 cells expressing DGAT1. Additionally, cells and tissues from DGAT1-deficient mice exhibited reduced ARAT activity, and the mice had increased levels of unesterified retinol in their livers on a high-retinol diet. Our findings indicate that DGAT1 can utilize a variety of acyl acceptors as substrates in vitro and suggest that these activities may be relevant to the in vivo functions of DGAT1. - Yen, C-L. E., M. Monetti, B. J. Burri, and R. V. Farese, Jr. The triacylglycerol synthesis enzyme DGAT1 also catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerols, waxes, and retinyl esters. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Cardiovasc Res, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Yen, CLE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. EM eyen@gladstone.ucsf.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-56084, R01 DK056084] NR 48 TC 144 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1502 EP 1511 DI 10.1194/jlr.M500036-JLR200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 934XA UT WOS:000229741700018 PM 15834126 ER PT J AU Chauhan, KR Klun, JA Debboun, M Kramer, M AF Chauhan, KR Klun, JA Debboun, M Kramer, M TI Feeding deterrent effects of catnip oil components compared with two synthetic amides against Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nepetalactone; repellents; yellowfever mosquito; deet ID MOSQUITO REPELLENTS; INSECT REPELLENTS; NEPETA-CATARIA; EFFICACY; DEET AB Recently, catnip, Nepeta cataria L. (Lamiaceae), essential oil has been formulated and marketed as an alternative repellent for protection against biting arthropods by several vendors. We isolated the major active components of catnip oil, E,Z- and Z,E-nepetalactone, and quantitatively measured their antibiting efficacy compared with the repellents N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and chiral (1S,2'S)-2-metbylpiperidinyl-3-cyclobexene-1-carboxamide (SS220) against the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.), by using an in vitro assay and human volunteers at 24 nmol compound/cm(2) (cloth or skin). Of all compounds tested in an in vitro assay, SS220 ranked as the most effective, whereas catnip oil and the nepetalactone compounds did not differ significantly from each other or from deet. However, in human volunteer bioassays, neither E,Z and Z,E-nepetalactone nor racemic nepetalactone deterred mosquito biting as effectively as SS220 or deet. All compounds differed significantly from the control. We conclude that catnip oil and nepetalactone isomers are significantly less effective than deet or SS220 in deterring the biting of Ae. aegypti. C1 USDA ARS, BA, PSI, Chem Affect Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USA, Med Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med S, Ft McPherson, CA 30330 USA. USDA ARS, BA, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chauhan, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, BA, PSI, Chem Affect Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 643 EP 646 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0643:FDEOCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 944DR UT WOS:000230406400018 PM 16119554 ER PT J AU Scoles, GA Broce, AB Lysyk, TJ Palmer, GH AF Scoles, GA Broce, AB Lysyk, TJ Palmer, GH TI Relative efficiency of biological transmission of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales : Anaplasmataceae) by Dermacentor andersoni (Acari : Ixodidae) compared with mechanical transmission by Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera : Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mechanical transmission; biological transmission; ticks; stable flies; Anaplasma marginale ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; FLY; RICKETTSEMIA; EXPRESSION; VARIANTS; MIDGUT; VECTOR AB Anaplasma marginale Theiler is a tick-borne intraerythrocytic rickettsial pathogen of cattle that also can be mechanically transmitted by biting flies. Rickettsemia during the acute phase of infection may reach as high as 10(9) infected erythrocytes (IEs) per milliliter of blood. Animals that survive acute infection develop a life-long persistent infection that cycles between 10(2.5) and 10(7) IE/ml of blood. We compared stable fly Stoinoxys calcitrans (L.)-borne mechanical transmission during acute infection with Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles-borne biological transmission in the persistent phase of infection to demonstrate quantitatively that biological transmission by ticks is considerably more efficient than mechanical transmission by biting flies. Stable flies that partially fed on an acutely infected calf and were immediately transferred to susceptible calves to complete their bloodmeals failed to transmit A. marginale. Ticks that fed on the original acquisition host after it reached the persistent phase of infection (> 300-fold lower rickettsemia) successfully transmitted A. marginale after transfer to the same calves that failed to acquire infection after fly feeding. Failure of fly-borne mechanical transmission at a rickettsemia > 300-fold higher than that from which ticks transmit with 100% efficiency demonstrates that tick-borne biological transmission is at least 2 orders of magnitude more efficient than direct stable fly-borne mechanical transmission. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Scoles, GA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 668 EP 675 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0668:REOBTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 944DR UT WOS:000230406400022 PM 16119558 ER PT J AU Shoveller, AK Stoll, B Ball, RO Burrin, DG AF Shoveller, AK Stoll, B Ball, RO Burrin, DG TI Nutritional and functional importance of intestinal sulfur amino acid metabolism SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE methionine; cysteine; homocysteine; transmethylation; transsulfuration; neonate ID NEONATAL PIGLETS; HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM; CACO-2 CELLS; METHIONINE REQUIREMENT; GLUTATHIONE SYNTHESIS; PREMATURE-INFANTS; LYSINE METABOLISM; NEWBORN-INFANTS; REDOX STATE; RISK-FACTOR AB The metabolism of sulfur amino acids, methionine and cysteine, has been linked to several key aspects of human health and cellular function. In addition, the metabolism of dietary amino acids by the gastrointestinal tract is nutritionally important for normal function. In the case of sulfur amino acids (SAAs), in vivo, stable isotope studies in adults suggest that the splanchnic tissues utilize as much as 30-44% of the dietary methionine and cysteine. Similarly, the dietary methionine requirement is 30% lower in total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-fed piglets, a condition in which dietary nutrients largely bypass intestinal metabolism. These data suggest that intestinal metabolism of methionine is substantial, yet the intestinal metabolic fate of dietary methionine is largely unknown. Dietary cysteine likely plays a key role in intestinal epithelial antioxidant function as a precursor for glutathione. Moreover, cysteine and glutathione may also regulate epithelial cell proliferation via modulation of redox status. Recent evidence indicates that transformed colonic epithelial cells are capable of methionine transmethylation and transsulfuration. This review discusses the evidence of intestinal SAA metabolism and how this affects nutrient requirements and epithelial function. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD33920] NR 44 TC 67 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 135 IS 7 BP 1609 EP 1612 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 943DE UT WOS:000230331500001 PM 15987836 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Melendez, R Griffin, JB Sarath, G Zempleni, J AF Rodriguez-Melendez, R Griffin, JB Sarath, G Zempleni, J TI High-throughput immunoblotting identifies biotin-dependent signaling proteins in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE biotin; cell signaling; HepG2 cells; human; tyrosine kinase ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; PROPIONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; MULTIVITAMIN TRANSPORTER; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; MESSENGER-RNA; JURKAT CELLS; DEFICIENCY; EXPRESSION; INTERLEUKIN-2; PROLIFERATION AB Biotin affects the abundance of mRNA coding for similar to 10% of genes expressed in human-derived hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells. Here, we determined whether effects of biotin on gene expression are associated with changes in the abundance of distinct proteins in cell signaling and structure. HepG2 cells were cultured in media containing the following concentrations of biotin: 0.025 nmol/L (denoted "deficient"), 0.25 nmol/L ("physiological" = control), and 10 nmol/L ("pharmacological") for 10 d before harvesting. The abundance of 1009 proteins from whole-cell extracts was quantified by using high-throughput immunoblots. The abundance of 44 proteins changed by at least 25% in biotin-deficient and biotin-supplemented cells compared with physiological controls. One third of these proteins participate in cell signaling. Specifically, proteins associated with receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling were identified as targets of biotin; the abundance of these proteins was greater in biotin-deficient cells than in controls. This was associated with increased DNA-binding activities of the transcription factors Fos and Jun, and increased expression of a reporter gene driven by activator protein (AP)1-binding elements in biotin-deficient cells compared with physiological controls. The abundance of selected signaling proteins was not paralleled by the abundance of mRNA, suggesting that biotin affects expression of these genes at a post-transcriptional step. Additional clusters of biotin-responsive proteins were identified that play roles in cytoskeleton homeostasis, nuclear structure and transport, and neuroscience. This study is consistent with the existence of clusters of biotin-responsive proteins in distinct biological processes, including signaling by Fos/Jun; the latter might mediate the proinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of biotin deficiency. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Rodriguez-Melendez, R (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jzempleni2@uni.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 063945, DK 60447, R01 DK060447, R01 DK063945] NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 135 IS 7 BP 1659 EP 1666 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 943DE UT WOS:000230331500011 PM 15987846 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Bjorneberg, DL AF Leytem, AB Bjorneberg, DL TI Removing soluble phosphorus in irrigation return flows with alum additions SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE alum; irrigation; phosphorus; return flow; water quality ID LOSSES; RUNOFF; SEDIMENT; EROSION; WATER AB Phosphorus (P) losses from irrigated cropland transferred to surface waters via irrigation return flows, can impair regional water quality. Best management practices to reduce soil erosion on fields and sediment concentration in return flows do little to reduce soluble P concentrations, which can exceed total maximum daily load (TMDL) limits for total R Laboratory and field tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of alum on soluble P concentration in return flow water from an irrigation tract in southern Idaho. The laboratory study used two water sources (tap and irrigation), three sediment concentrations (0, 100 and 1000 mg L-1), two added P concentrations (0 and 1 mg L-1), and five alum concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg L-1). Field tests were conducted at sediment ponds on two irrigation drains with 20 to 500 mg L-1 sediment and 0.09 to 0.19 mg L-1 dissolved P in inflow water. Regression analysis of laboratory data showed a 53 percent reduction in soluble P concentration with 20 mg L-1 alum, which was similar to field data. Applying 40 mg L-1 alum to irrigation water reduced soluble P concentrations up to 98 percent in the field. Achieving 50 percent soluble P reduction would cost about $0.007 m(-3) ($8.25 per ac ft) at the current alum cost of $0.33 kg(-1) ($0.15 lb(-1)). Although alum effectively reduced soluble P in irrigation return flow, the cost of applying alum may be too high for routine use in many irrigation districts. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 60 IS 4 BP 200 EP 208 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 955DU UT WOS:000231206300015 ER PT J AU Palazzo, AJ Jensen, KB Waldron, BL Cary, TJ AF Palazzo, AJ Jensen, KB Waldron, BL Cary, TJ TI Effects of tank tracking on range grasses SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assessing the Impact of Vehicular Traffic on Natural Areas CY NOV 04, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Agron, Int Soc Terrain Vehicle Syst DE revegetation; tank traffic; native range grasses; land rehabilitation ID REGISTRATION AB The Department of Defense (DoD) must constantly balance its military mission and its commitment to stewardship on large tracks of federal land. These military training lands are some of the most intensely used land in the United States, and training requires that vegetation, primarily grasses, be as resilient as possible. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (i) plant establishment and (ii) the effect of light to heavy tank traffic that ranged from zero to four passes on range grasses at the Yakima Training Center, Yakima, Washington. Characteristics measured include the number of 10-cm gaps without plant materials in seeded rows of the target (sown) species, the biomass of the target species, and the percentages of bluegrass colonization, bare ground, and cheatgrass encroachment in tracked and untracked areas. Both stand establishment and the ability to produce rhizomes are associated with the ability to recover after training. The wildryes did not establish well and subsequently had more 10-cm gaps and lower yields than the other introduced species tested. Among the natives, Snake River wheatgrass and western wheatgrass exhibited the most resilience across the different tracking intensities. The largest decline in percentage target species was observed between the two- and four-pass treatments. After five years, cheatgrass was not able to encroach on Snake River wheatgrass, Siberian wheatgrass, and bluebunch wheatgrass plots: Tracking generally reduced the stand of the target species and increased the amount of bare ground. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISTVS. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Palazzo, AJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM antonio.j.palazzo@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 17 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 177 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.jterra.2004.10.005 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 943SF UT WOS:000230373900004 ER PT J AU Raper, RL AF Raper, RL TI Agricultural traffic impacts on soil SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assessing the Impact of Vehicular Traffic on Natural Areas CY NOV 04, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Agron, Int Soc Terrain Vehicle Syst DE soil compaction; subsoil; axle load; cone index; bulk density ID HIGH-AXLE LOAD; TIRE INTERFACE STRESSES; SUBSOIL COMPACTION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; BULK-DENSITY; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; INFLATION PRESSURE; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; COTTON RESPONSE AB Alternate configurations of tires and tracks vary in their ability to generate tractive forces. These tractive elements also vary in the way that they impact the soil with some causing more soil disturbance than others. This soil disturbance includes soil compaction and rut formation which negatively impacts rainfall infiltration, rooting, and crop production while potentially increasing soil erosion and runoff. This paper will review a portion of the agricultural research that has been conducted related to soil impacts caused by the use of vehicle traffic in agricultural fields. Recommendations will also be made for ways to minimize the effects of vehicle traffic on soils when trafficking is necessary. These include: reducing axle load; reducing tractive element-soil contact stress by using radial tires, duals, and tracks; increasing soil drying prior to traffic; using conservation tillage systems which minimize vehicle traffic; using controlled traffic systems which eliminate random vehicle traffic across fields; and subsoiling to eliminate compacted soil profiles in crop growth zones. Soil compaction resulting from vehicle traffic may not be able to be completely eliminated, but it can be controlled and reduced through intelligent management of vehicle traffic. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISTVS. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rlraper@ars.usda.gov NR 93 TC 95 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.jterra.2004.10.010 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 943SF UT WOS:000230373900009 ER PT J AU Daigle, JJ Hudnall, WH Gabriel, WJ Mersiovsky, E Nielson, RD AF Daigle, JJ Hudnall, WH Gabriel, WJ Mersiovsky, E Nielson, RD TI The national soil information system (NASIS): Designing soil interpretation classes for military land-use predictions SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assessing the Impact of Vehicular Traffic on Natural Areas CY NOV 04, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Agron, Int Soc Terrain Vehicle Syst DE NASIS; National Soils Information System; soil interpretation; land-use prediction; interpretation criteria; indexing; soil survey AB The focus of the National Cooperative Soil Survey is shifting from producing static, printed soil survey reports to providing a dynamic resource of soils information for a wide range of needs. The National Soil Information System (NASIS) is the core component of this vision and is designed to manage and maintain soil data from collection to dissemination. NASIS supports this conceptual shift in three important areas: (1) collection of new information in compliance with standards, (2) application of expert knowledge to make information usable for a variety of purposes, and (3) dissemination of information to a wide variety of users. This paper demonstrates the use of NASIS for evaluating the suitability of military lands for vehicle related land-use activities. (c) 2005 ISTVS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Alexandria, LA 71302 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Temple, TX 76501 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Little Rock, AR 72201 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Daigle, JJ (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, 3737 Govt St, Alexandria, LA 71302 USA. EM jerry.daigle@la.usda.gov NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 305 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.jterra.2004.12.002 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 943SF UT WOS:000230373900011 ER PT J AU Bekele, A Hudnall, WH Daigle, JJ Prudente, JA Wolcott, M AF Bekele, A Hudnall, WH Daigle, JJ Prudente, JA Wolcott, M TI Scale dependent variability of soil electrical conductivity by indirect measures of soil properties SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assessing the Impact of Vehicular Traffic on Natural Areas CY NOV 04, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Agron, Int Soc Terrain Vehicle Syst DE scale; spatial variability; fractal dimension; semivariogram; soil electrical conductivity ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; QUALITY; YIELD; CORN AB Knowledge of scale dependent variation of soil properties is important where upscaling and generalization from plot scale studies to field and larger scale is desired. We used conventional statistics, geostatistics and fractal analysis to characterize and compare the apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) of six contiguous agricultural fields each ranging between 9.5 and 14.0 ha in size. Factor analysis revealed that ECa was strongly related to ammonium extractable K, organic matter (OM), pH and Bray-2 Phosphorus, but not to ammonium extractable Ca and sum of bases. All six fields were spatially structured and well described by exponential semivariograms. Fractal dimensions estimated from the linear portion of the semivariogram using a linear plateau model were statistically different (p = 0.05) among some of the fields, and the differences may have been caused by management differences. Fractal analysis identified at least two scales of variation for the fields. The first scale of variation, common to all six fields, was for distances less than 9 m. The second scale of variation was for distances ranging between 9 and 46 m (field NC), 9 and 79 m (fields SC and SW); and 9 and 126 m (field SE). Two of the fields (fields NW and NE) did not have a plateau on the log-log plot of the semivariograms, indicating a scaling behavior at larger distances. The study showed that although the semivariogram forms are similar among the six fields, the rate of change of the semivariograms (as indicated by the fractal dimension) differs for some of the fields at distances greater than 9 m. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISTVS. C1 Tarleton State Univ, Texas Inst Appl Environm Res, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, NRCS, Alexandria, LA 71302 USA. RP Bekele, A (reprint author), St Francis Xavier Univ, Environm Sci Res Ctr, POB 5000,1 W St, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. EM abekele@stfx.ca NR 38 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 339 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.jterra.2004.12.004 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 943SF UT WOS:000230373900013 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Foglia, TA AF Piazza, GJ Foglia, TA TI Preparation of fatty amide polyols via epoxidation of vegetable oil amides by oat seed peroxygenase SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE N-i-butyl-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanamide; N-i-butyl-9,10-dihydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenamide; N-i-butyl-9,10-dihydroxy-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienamide; N-i-butyl-9,10,15,16-tetrahydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenamide; N-i-butyl-9,12-epoxy-10,13-dihydroxyoctadecanamide; N-i-butyl-10,13-epoxy-9,12-dihydroxyoctadecanamide; N-i-butyl-12,13-dihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenamide; N-i-butyl-15,16-dihydroxy-9(Z); 12(Z)-octadecadienamide; hydroperoxide; peroxygenase ID ESTERS; ACIDS; HYDROLASE; PRODUCTS AB Prior work has shown that oat (Avena sativa) seeds are a rich source of peroxygenase, an enzyme that promotes the oxidation of carbon-carbon double bonds to form epoxides. Ground and defatted oat seeds were used as a low-cost source of peroxygenase. A systematic study of the epoxidation of i-butyl amides from linseed oil was conducted. Hexane was used as the primary component of the reaction media to eliminate the need for extraction. We found that the addition of a small amount of buffered water containing Tween 20 enhanced the epoxidation activity when using t-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide as oxidants. This activity could be further enhanced by the addition of isopropyl ether. Conditions for larger-scale reactions were developed and applied to amides prepared from linseed, soybean, and canola oils. Because of enzymatic selectivity, the epoxidation of adjacent double bonds was low, and monoepoxides from the amides of oleate and linoleate predominated; the diepoxide, N-i-butyl-9,10-15,16-diepoxy-12(Z)-octadecenamide, was obtained from the amide of linolenate. The enzymatically epoxidized amides from the oils were hydrolyzed in dilute acid, and the distribution of the various classes of polyols was determined. Reflecting the high proportion of starting monoepoxides, saturated diols and diols with one double bond were the major polyols obtained from soybean and canola oils. Because linseed oil contains a high proportion of linolenate, polyols obtained from the epoxides of this oil had a major amount of the tetrol, N-i-butyl-9,10,15,16-tetrahydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenamide. In contrast, the components of polyols obtained from the hydrolysis of commercial epoxide preparations of soybean and linseed methyl esters followed by amide formation were primarily saturated diols and furan derivatives resulting from the presence of adjacent epoxide groups in these preparations. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gpiazza@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 9 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 82 IS 7 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1097-y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 960RG UT WOS:000231610300003 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Wani, S He, XH Nguyen, T McKeon, TA AF Lin, JT Wani, S He, XH Nguyen, T McKeon, TA TI Incorporation of laurate and hydroxylurate into phosphatidylcholines and acylglycerols in castor microsomes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE acylglycerols; castor; HPLC; hydroxylaurate; laurate; microsomes; molecular species; phosphatidylcholines; relative retention times; ricinoleate ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; 1-ACYL-2-OLEOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE; OLEOYL-12-HYDROXYLASE; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; BIOSYNTHESIS; RICINOLEATE; SUBSTRATE; HPLC; OIL AB Because castor produces oil with a high content of hydroxyl FA (90% ricinoleate), we were interested in determining the flexibility of castor seed microsomes in incorporating other hydroxyl FA into castor oil. To this end, we incubated the [C-14]-labeled 12:0 FA laurate (La), 11-hydroxylaurate, and 12-hydroxylaurate with castor microsomes that were capable of synthesizing castor oil. The molecular species of PC and acyl-glycerols (AG) incorporating these nonendogenous FA of castor were identified by reversed-phase C-8 and C-18 HPLC, respectively. [C-14]Laurate was incorporated into the molecular species of PC and AG at levels of 10 and 4%, respectively, that of [C-14]ricinoleate. Similar to those from the incorporation of six [C-14]FA reported previously [ricinoleate (R), oleate (O), linoleate (L), linolenate (Ln), stearate (S), and palmitate (P)], the molecular species of PC incorporating [C-14] laureate were LLa-PC > PLa-PC > OLa-PC > LnLa-PC > SLa-PC > RLa-PC. The molecular species of AG incorporating [C-14] laurate were RRLa > LaLa > RLa > RLLa > ROLa > LOLa > LLLa > LLa > LLnLa > RSLa > OOLa. The retention times for lipids incorporating laurate were similar to those of lipids incorporating linolenate, because the equivalent carbon numbers of laurate and linolenate are the same. Relative retention times of the molecular species of PC and AG containing laurate are also reported here. The incorporation of 11-hydroxylaurate and 12-hydroxylaurate into PC and AG was not detected. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jtlin@pw.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 82 IS 7 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1099-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 960RG UT WOS:000231610300005 ER PT J AU Levinson, WE Kuo, TM Weisleder, D AF Levinson, WE Kuo, TM Weisleder, D TI Characterization of primary fatty amides produced by lipase-catalyzed amidation of hydroxylated fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydroxy fatty acids; hydroxy fatty amides; lipase-catalyzed amidation; structural analysis; transformation ID ENZYMATIC-REACTION; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; BETA-KETOESTERS; AMMONOLYSIS; AMINOLYSIS; AMMONIOLYSIS; AMMONIA AB A novel hydroxylated primary fatty amide was produced from lesquerolic acid by direct amidation with ammonia catalyzed by immobilized Pseudozyma (Candida) antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) in organic solvent. The amides of ricinoleic acid and oleic acid were also produced for comparison. The hydroxy FA were transformed at comparable rates to that of oleic acid. The rate of amide formation was greater for the longer-chain lesquerolic acid than for ricinoleic acid. All products exhibited characteristic primary-amide mass spectrum peaks with a base peak at m/z 59 and a strong ion fragment at m/z 72. Other peaks present are consistent with cleavage on either side of the hydroxyl position. The mass spectra, together with H-1 and C-13 NMR data, suggest that the products of lipase-catalyzed direct amidation of ricinoleic acid and lesquerolic acid are 12-hydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenamide and 14-hydroxy-11(Z)-eicosenamide, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genomics & Bioproc Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kuo, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genomics & Bioproc Res Unit, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kuotm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 82 IS 7 BP 501 EP 504 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1100-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 960RG UT WOS:000231610300006 ER PT J AU Okie, WR AF Okie, WR TI 'Spring Satin' Plumcot SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID; APRICOT C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31093 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31093 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 950KE UT WOS:000230855200001 ER PT J AU Black, BL Fordham, IM Perkins-Veazie, P AF Black, BL Fordham, IM Perkins-Veazie, P TI Autumnberry (Elaeagnus umbellata): A potential cash crop SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-CANCER; PLASMA LYCOPENE; HUMAN HEALTH; CAROTENOIDS; OLIVE; RISK; RETINOL; DISEASE; FRUITS AB Feral populations of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb) exist throughout the eastern United States. The plants are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions and thrive on poor soils. In 2001, researchers published evidence that the red berries of autumn olive have a high carotenoid content, and particularly high levels of lycopene(30-70mg/100g). Lycopene has powerful antioxidant properties, making it of interest for nutraceutical use, and also provides natural red color for food use. Managed plantings consisting of three cultivars and four wild selections were established in Maryland to evaluate genotypes and management practices for potential commercial fruit production. Annual productivity of autumn olive ranged from 0.5 to 15 kg/plant. Mechanical harvesting was accomplished using a commercial blueberry harvester on plants that had been pruned for mechanical harvest. Berries were high in soluble solids and acidity, similar to blueberries and blackberries, but somewhat astringent. Approximately 10% of the total berry weight is in the seed. Lycopene content differed among genotypes ranging from 33.6 mg/100 g to 55.3 mg/100 g for 'Delightful' and USMD3, respectively. The productivity under low-input management, and the possibility for machine harvest indicate that autumn olive may be a commercially viable crop, especially on low-fertility and sandy soils that may be unsuitable for other agricultural uses. Differences in yield and fruit lycopene content indicate an opportunity for selecting genotypes superior for fruit production. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Black, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM blackb@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Black, Brent/A-8822-2008 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 BP 125 EP 134 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 950KE UT WOS:000230855200002 ER PT J AU Rowland, LJ Ogden, EL Ehlenfeldt, MK Vinyard, B AF Rowland, LJ Ogden, EL Ehlenfeldt, MK Vinyard, B TI Cold hardiness, deacclimation kinetics, and bud development among 12 diverse blueberry genotypes under field conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dehardening; freezing tolerance; Vaccinium angustifolium; Vaccinium ashei; Vaccinium constablaei; Vaccinium corymbosum; Vaccinium darrowi; Vaccinium tennellum ID HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; SECTION CYANOCOCCUS; CULTIVARS; VACCINIUM; CONSTANT AB Deacclimation response is an important part of reproductive success in woody perennials because late winter or early spring thaws followed by hard freezes can cause severe injury to dehardened flower buds. There is a need to develop more spring-frost tolerant cultivars for the blueberry (Vaccinium L.) industry. The identification of later or slower deacclimating genotypes could be useful in breeding for more spring-frost tolerant cultivars. This study was undertaken to investigate cold hardiness and deacclimation kinetics under field conditions for 12 Vaccinium (section CyanococcasA. Gray) genotypes (the cultivars Bluecrop, Duke, Legacy, Little Giant, Magnolia, Northcountry, Northsky, Ozarkblue, Pearl River, Tifblue, and Weymouth; and a population of V constablaei Gray) with different germplasm compositions and expected mid-winter bud hardiness levels. Examination of bud cold hardiness (BCH) vs. weeks of deacclimation over a 7-week period in 2 consecutive years (2002 and 2003) revealed clear genotypic differences in cold hardiness and timing and rate of deacclimation. Among cultivars, 'Legacy' was the least cold hardy at initial evaluation, even less so than 'Tifblue'. Regarding deacclimation kinetics, the weekly intervals with the largest losses (i.e., high rates of deacclimation) also varied among genotypes. For 'Duke', the largest losses in BCH were detected at weeks 2 and 3, making it the earliest deacclimator. For 'Bluecrop', 'Ozarkblue', 'Weymouth', 'Tifblue', and 'Legacy', the greatest losses in BCH were observed at weeks 3 and 4. For 'Little Giant', 'Magnolia', 'Northcountry', 'Northsky', and 'Pearl River', losses in BCH were greatest at weeks 4 and 5, while for V constablaei, losses were greatest at weeks 6 and 7, making it the latest deacclimator. Deacclimation kinetics were not correlated with mid-winter hardiness or chilling requirements in any fixed pattern. On the other hand, a strong positive correlation was found between BCH and stage of bud opening (r = 0.84). A comparison of timing of deacclimation with germplasm composition indicated that V constablaei was particularly late to deacclimate. 'Little Giant', a 50:50 hybrid of V constablaei and V ashei Reade, was nearly as late to deacclimate as the 100% V constablaei selections. Thus, V constablaei may be useful in breeding programs to contribute genes for late deacclimation, which should translate into greater spring frost tolerance, in addition to genes for mid-winter hardiness. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rowlandj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 130 IS 4 BP 508 EP 514 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 943LZ UT WOS:000230356800004 ER PT J AU Connor, AM Finn, CE Alspach, PA AF Connor, AM Finn, CE Alspach, PA TI Genotypic and environmental variation in antioxidant activity and total phenolic content among blackberry and hybridberry cultivars SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rubus species; phenotypic correlation; berry weight ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 1ST NATIONAL-HEALTH; VEGETABLE INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CANCER PREVENTION; LUNG-CANCER; FRUIT; CAPACITY; RISK; RUBUS AB Antioxidant compounds absorbed from our diet are thought to have a role in preventing chronic diseases that result from oxidative damage. Berry fruit have high levels of antioxidants, and further increases in antioxidant activity (AA) might be possible through breeding. We determined the AA, total phenolic content (TPH), and fruit weight in 16 blackberry and hybridberry (Rubus L.) cultivars harvested in New Zealand and Oregon in 2002 and 2003, to assess genetic and environmental variation. Both AA and TPH varied significantly between years within location, but not among cultivars or between locations per se. However, cultivar interactions with both location and year within location contributed to variation in both variates. In contrast, both cultivar and location contributed to variation in fruit weight, but years within location did not. However, the cultivar x year within location interaction was significant for this trait. Variance component distributions confirmed that cultivar and location effects together contributed little (< 20%) to the total variation in either AA or TPH, while cultivar x environment interactions accounted for > 50% of total variation in these traits. Cultivar and location effects together contributed approximate to 70% of the total variation observed in fruit weight. Phenotypic correlations were significant between AA and fruit weight (r = -0.44), and between TPH and fruit weight (r = -0.51). When adjusted for fruit weight, analyses for AA and TPH demonstrated that cultivar effects approached significance (P = 0.06) and accounted for approximate to 25% of total variance, while location effects accounted for none. Although the cultivars in this study had diverse interspecific backgrounds, utilization of various Rubus species in blackberry and hybridberry breeding is not uncommon, and our results demonstrating significant cultivar x environment interaction for AA and TPH should be applicable to breeding for high AA genotypes. C1 HortRes Ruakura Res Ctr, Hamilton, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. HortRes Nelson Res Ctr, Motueka, New Zealand. RP Connor, AM (reprint author), HortRes Ruakura Res Ctr, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand. NR 44 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 130 IS 4 BP 527 EP 533 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 943LZ UT WOS:000230356800007 ER PT J AU Bassil, NV Botta, R Mehlenbacher, SA AF Bassil, NV Botta, R Mehlenbacher, SA TI Microsatellite markers in hazelnut: Isolation, characterization, and cross-species amplification SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Corylus avellana; simple sequence repeats; SSRs; DNA fingerprinting; genetic diversity ID SIMPLE-SEQUENCE REPEATS; CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CORYLUS-AVELLANA; RAPD MARKERS; DNA; POLYMORPHISM; ABUNDANCE; APPLE; L. AB Three microsatellite-enriched libraries of the european hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) were constructed: library A for CA repeats, library B for GA repeats, and library C for GAA repeats. Twenty-five primer pairs amplified easy-to-score single loci and were used to investigate pollymorphism among 20 C. avellana genotypes and to evaluate cross-species amplification in seven Corylus L. species. Microsatellite alleles were estimated by fluorescent capillary electrophoresis fragment sizing. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 12 (average = 7.16) in C. avellana and from 5 to 22 overall (average = 13.32). With the exception of CAC-B110, di-nucleotide SSRs were characterized by a relatively large number of alleles per locus (>= 5), high average observed and expected heterozygosity (H-o and H-e > 0.6), and a high mean polymorphic information content (PIC >= 0.6) in C. avellana. In contrast, tri-nucleotide microsatellites were more homozygous (H-o = 0.4 on average) and less informative than di-nucleotide simple sequence repeats (SSRs) as indicated by a lower mean number of alleles per locus (4.5), H-e (0.59), and PIC (0.54). Cross-species amplification in Corylus was demonstrated. These microsatellite markers were highly heterozygous and polymorphic and differentiated among genotypes of C. avellana irrespective of geographical origin. They will aid in fingerprinting genotypes of the european hazelnut and other Corylus species, genome mapping, and genetic diversity assessments. C1 USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Colture Arboree, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bassil, NV (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM cornb@ars-grin.gov NR 41 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 130 IS 4 BP 543 EP 549 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 943LZ UT WOS:000230356800009 ER PT J AU Zewdie, Y Havey, MJ Prince, JP Jenderek, MM AF Zewdie, Y Havey, MJ Prince, JP Jenderek, MM TI The first genetic linkages among expressed regions of the garlic genome SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium sativum; genetic mapping; male fertility; RAPD; SNP; SSR ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; SEED PRODUCTION; CLONES; MAP; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE; ONION; REVEALS; MARKERS; RICE AB Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been cultivated by asexual propagation since time immemorial. The discovery of male-fertile garlic accessions has opened a venue for genetic studies and improvement through sexual recombination. An S, family of 84 plants was generated from a single male-fertile heterozygous plant from the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Plant Introduction 540316 and used to identify the first genetic linkages in garlic based on single nucleotide polymorphisms, simple sequence repeats, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs. Thirty-seven markers formed nine linkage groups covering 415 centimorgans (cM) with average distance of 15 cM between loci; other 16 loci remained unlinked. A male fertility locus was placed on the map. This first genetic map of garlic is a seminal step toward the genetic improvement of garlic and eventual marker-assisted breeding. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Arid Land Plant Genet Resource Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jenderek, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Arid Land Plant Genet Resource Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM mjenderek@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 130 IS 4 BP 569 EP 574 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 943LZ UT WOS:000230356800013 ER PT J AU Stommel, JR Abbott, JA Campbell, TA Francis, D AF Stommel, JR Abbott, JA Campbell, TA Francis, D TI Inheritance of elastic and viscoelastic components of tomato firmness derived from intra- and interspecific genetic backgrounds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diallel; fruit quality; Lycopersicon esculentum; Lycopersicon cheesmanii; puncture resistance; combining ability ID LYCOPERSICON-HIRSUTUM; QTL ANALYSIS; INTROGRESSIONS AB Fruit firmness is a key quality component of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) for fresh-market and processed product applications. We characterized inheritance of firmness in processing tomato germplasm developed from interspecific L. esculentum Mill. X L. cheesmanii f. minor (Hook. f.) C.H. Mull. and intraspecific L. esculentum crosses. Although firmness is a key quality attribute of tomato, there is no standard method for measuring it. We measured the elastic portion of firmness by compression (compression F-max) and puncture (puncture F-max), and the viscoelastic portion by force-relaxation. The experimental design incorporated six genotypes in a complete 6 x 6 diallel. Compression F-max and force measurements recorded at 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 seconds of relaxation were strongly related to each other, while relaxation parameters (A, B, C) describing relaxation curve shape were generally independent. Compression F., relaxation curve parameter A, and puncture F-max were significantly different among hybrids. Significant differences between Maryland and Ohio environments were evident for compression F-max and relaxation curve parameter A. The patterns of firmness means differed among firmness measurement methods, namely for compression F-max and puncture F-max, indicating that they measure different aspects of tomato fruit firmness. Soft-fruited parents generally exerted a negative effect on compression F-max, whereas firm-fruited parents most often exerted a positive effect on compression F-max. The force required for fruit compression best approximated subjective assessment of fruit firmness. Force required for fruit puncture was subject to a significant environmental x hybrid influence in the genotypes evaluated. Shape of the force relaxation curve (i.e., parameter A) was not predictive of relative fruit firmness. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability were both significant with GCA being the principal source of genetic variation. In agreement with combining ability estimates, narrow-sense heritability estimates for compression F-max and puncture F-max were relatively high. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Stommel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM stommelj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 130 IS 4 BP 598 EP 604 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 943LZ UT WOS:000230356800018 ER PT J AU Koslanund, R Archbold, DD Pomper, KW AF Koslanund, R Archbold, DD Pomper, KW TI Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] fruit ripening. I. Ethylene biosynthesis and production SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; ACC; ACC synthase; ACC oxidase; malonyl-ACC ID ANNONA-MURICATA L; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; TOMATO FRUIT; WHEAT LEAVES; STORAGE; RESPIRATION; EXPRESSION; SYNTHASE; OXIDASE; APPLE AB Pawpaw fruit ethylene production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities, and tissue content of the ethylene precursor ACC and conjugate malonyl-ACC (MACC) were measured during postharvest ripening. Fruit were harvested near the advent of the ripening process and were ripened at room temperature. The fruit displayed increases in ethylene production and respiration rate during ripening with maxima for both 3 days after harvest. Mean ethylene maxima on a fresh weight basis were 4.7 and 7.6 mu g(.)kg(-1.)h(-1) and mean respiratory (CO2 production) maxima on a fresh weight basis were 220 and 239 mg(.)kg(-1.)h(-1) in 1999 and 2001, respectively. The increase in ethylene evolution coincided with an increase in respiration and a rapid decline in fruit firmness. Internal and external fruit firmness declined in a parallel manner. The ethylene climacteric peak occurred after the greatest decline in fruit firmness, indicating that low levels of ethylene may be sufficient to initiate the ripening process. The ethylene climacteric peak also coincided with the highest activities of both ACS and ACO as well as the maximum tissue ACC content. As ACC content increased, MACC content declined, suggesting a regulation of ethylene production via free ACC levels by malonylation of ACC. Thus, the climacteric development of ethylene production may be regulated by an increase of ACS activity and a decrease in ACC malonyltransferase activity, making more free ACC available for the production of ethylene by increased activity of ACO. C1 Dept Agr, Post Harvest Prod & Proc Res & Dev Off, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Kentucky State Univ, Atwood Res Facil, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Spp, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Koslanund, R (reprint author), Dept Agr, Post Harvest Prod & Proc Res & Dev Off, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 130 IS 4 BP 638 EP 642 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 943LZ UT WOS:000230356800024 ER PT J AU Koslanund, R Archbold, DD Pomper, KW AF Koslanund, R Archbold, DD Pomper, KW TI Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] fruit ripening. II. Activity of selected cell-wall degrading enzymes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fruit firmness; pectin methylesterase; polygalacturonase; endo-(1 -> 4)beta-D-glucanase; endo-beta-1,4-mannanase ID ENDO-BETA-MANNANASE; POST-HARVEST VARIATION; TOMATO FRUIT; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; POLYGALACTURONASE; ASSAY; RESPIRATION; EXPRESSION; CELLULASE; PROTEIN AB Pawpaw fruit were harvested at the advent of the ripening process and were ripened at room temperature. Based on fruit firmness and respiration and ethylene production rates at harvest and during ripening, fruit were classified into one of four categories: preripening (no to very slight loss of firmness; preclimacteric), early ripening (some softening; increasing rates of ethylene and CO, production), mid-ripening (soft; at or just past climacteric), and late ripening (very soft; postclimacteric). The activities of the cell-wall degrading enzymes polygalacturonase (PG), endo(1 -> 4)beta-D-glucanase (EGase), and endo-beta-1,4-mannanase (MAN) were low in the preripening and early ripening stages, increased dramatically by mid-ripening coincident with the respiratory and ethylene climacterics, and decreased at late ripening. However, pectin methylesterase (PME) activity per milligram protein was highest at the green stage when the fruit firmness was high and decreased as ripening progressed. Tissue prints indicated both EGase and MAN increased as ripening proceeded. The EGase activity was evident near the seeds and the surface of the fruit at preripening and eventually spread throughout, while MAN activity was evident near the fruit surface at preripening and was progressively expressed throughout the flesh as fruit ripened. The greatest decline in fruit firmness occurred between pre- and early ripening, before the peak activities of PG, EGase, and MAN, although MAN exhibited the greatest relative increase of the three enzymes in this period. The data suggest that PME may act first to demethylate polygalacturonate and may be followed by the action of the other enzymes resulting in cell wall disassembly and fruit softening in pawpaw. C1 Dept Agr, Post Harvest Prod & Proc Res & Dev Off, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Kentucky State Univ, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Spp, Atwood Res Facil, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Koslanund, R (reprint author), Dept Agr, Post Harvest Prod & Proc Res & Dev Off, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 130 IS 4 BP 643 EP 648 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 943LZ UT WOS:000230356800025 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Jifon, JL Rogers, G AF Lester, GE Jifon, JL Rogers, G TI Supplemental foliar potassium applications during muskmelon fruit development can improve fruit quality, ascorbic acid, and beta-carotene contents SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cantaloupe; color; Cucumis melo; firmness; maturity; soluble solids; sugars ID DEFICIENCY; SENESCENCE; MATURATION; LEAVES AB Muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] fruit sugar content is directly related to potassium (K)mediated phloem transport of sucrose into the fruit. However, during fruit growth and maturation, soil fertilization alone is often inadequate (due to poor root uptake and competitive uptake inhibition from calcium and magnesium) to satisfy the numerous K-dependent processes, such as photosynthesis, phloem transport, and fruit growth. Experiments were conducted during Spring 2003 and 2004 to determine if supplemental foliar K applications during the fruit growth and maturation period would alleviate this apparent inadequate K availability in orange-flesh muskmelon 'Cruiser'. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and fertilized throughout the study with a soil-applied N-P-K fertilizer. Flowers were hand pollinated and only one fruit per plant was allowed to develop. Starting at 3 to 5 days after fruit set, and up to 3 to 5 days prior to fruit maturity (full slip), entire plants, including the fruit, were sprayed with a glycine amino acid-complexed potassium (potassium metalosate, 24% K) solution, diluted to 4.0 mL(.)L(-1). Three sets of plants were sprayed either weekly (once per week), biweekly (once every 2 weeks) or not sprayed (control). Fruit from plants receiving supplemental foliar K matured on average 2 days earlier than those from control plants. In general, there were no differences in fruit maturity or quality aspects between the weekly and biweekly treatments except for fruit sugar and beta-carotene concentrations, which were significantly higher in the weekly compared to the biweekly or control treatments. Supplemental foliar K applications also resulted in significantly firmer fruit with higher K, soluble solids, total sugars, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and beta-carotene concentrations than fruit from control plants. These results demonstrate that carefully timed foliar K nutrition can alleviate the developmentally induced K deficiency effects on fruit quality and marketability. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, TAES, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM glester@weslaco.ars RI Rogers, Gordon/G-5533-2011 NR 29 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 130 IS 4 BP 649 EP 653 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 943LZ UT WOS:000230356800026 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ AF Landolt, PJ TI Trapping the meal moth, Pyralis farinalis L. (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae), with acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID XESTIA-C-NIGRUM; MAMESTRA-CONFIGURATA; LACANOBIA-SUBJUNCTA; NOCTUIDAE C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 78 IS 3 BP 293 EP 295 DI 10.2317/0412.29.1 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 982AA UT WOS:000233127900011 ER PT J AU Lee, KG Lee, SE Takeoka, GR Kim, JH Park, BS AF Lee, KG Lee, SE Takeoka, GR Kim, JH Park, BS TI Antioxidant activity and characterization of volatile constituents of beechwood creosote SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE natural antioxidants; beechwood creosote; volatile antioxidants ID WOOD CREOSOTE; MALONDIALDEHYDE; COLON AB Volatile constituents of beechwood creosote were determined using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major volatile constituents of creosote were 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol; 25.2%) 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (4-methylguaiacol; 21.4%), 3-methylphenol (m-cresol; 8.3%) 4-methylphenol (p-cresol; 7.9%) 2-methylphenol (o-cresol; 4.6%) and phenol (2.8%). The antioxidant activity of creosote was evaluated by three different chemical assays. Beechwood creosote exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the formation of conjugated diene hydroperoxides (from methyl linoleate) at concentrations of 500, 750 and 1000 mu g ml(-1). Creosote had a potent inhibitory effect on the oxidation of hexanal for 40 days at a level of 5 mu g ml(-1) and also inhibited malonaldehydc (MA) formation from ethyl arachidonate by 92% at a level of 50 mu g ml(-1). The antioxidative activity of creosote was comparable with that of the well-known antioxidants alpha-tocopherol and BHT in the hexanal assay. However, creosote displayed comparatively lower antioxidant activity in the other two assays. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Dongguk Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul 100715, South Korea. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Park, BS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Bldg 200-7103,San 56-1, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM bsp67@hanmail.net OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1580 EP 1586 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2156 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 941AU UT WOS:000230187800023 ER PT J AU Kays, SE Archibald, DD Sohn, M AF Kays, SE Archibald, DD Sohn, M TI Prediction of fat in intact cereal food products using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE near infrared; NIR; cereal; food product; fat; rapid analysis; repack ID LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; TOTAL DIETARY FIBER; DIFFERENTIATION AB To evaluate the feasibility of an intact product approach to the near-infrared (NIR) determination of fat content, a rapid acquisition spectrometer, with an InGaAs diode-array detector and custom built sampling device, was used to obtain reflectance spectra (1100-1700 nm) of diverse cereal food products. Fat content reference data were obtained gravimetrically by extraction with petroleum ether (AOAC Method 945.16). Using spectral and reference data, partial least-squares regression analysis was applied to calculate a NIR model (n = 89) to predict fat in intact cereal products; the model was adequate for rapid screening of samples, predicting the test samples (n = 44) with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 11.8 (range 1.4-204.8) g kg(-1) and multiple coefficient of determination of 0.98. Repeated repacking and rescanning of the samples did not appreciably improve model performance. The model was expanded to include samples with a broad range of particle sizes and moisture contents without reduction in prediction accuracy for the untreated samples. The regression coefficients for the models calculated indicated that spectral features at 1165, 1215 and 1395 nm, associated with CH stretching in fats, were the most critical for model development. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kays, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM sekays@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1596 EP 1602 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2157 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 941AU UT WOS:000230187800025 ER PT J AU Mulhouse, JM De Steven, D Lide, RF Sharitz, RR AF Mulhouse, JM De Steven, D Lide, RF Sharitz, RR TI Effects of dominant species on vegetation change in Carolina bay wetlands following a multi-year drought SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Carolina bays; climate variation; depression wetlands; drought; plant colonization; succession; vegetation dynamics ID UPPER COASTAL-PLAIN; SOUTH-CAROLINA; DEPRESSION WETLANDS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEED BANK; HYDROLOGY; DYNAMICS AB MULHOUSE, J. M. (University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802), D. DE STEVEN (USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, PO. Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776), R. E LIDE (Northwest Florida Water Management District, 81 Water Management Dr., Havana, FL, 32333), AND R. R. SHARITZ (University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802). Effects of dominant species on vegetation change in Carolina bay wetlands following a multi-year drought. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 411-420. 2005.-Wetland vegetation is strongly dependent upon climate-influenced hydrologic conditions, and plant composition responds in generally consistent ways to droughts. However, the extent of species composition change during drought may be influenced by the pre-existing structure of wetland vegetation. We characterized the vegetation of ten herbaceous Carolina bay wetlands on the South Carolina Upper Coastal Plain during a period of average rainfall and again near the end of a four-year drought. We hypothesized that, as a group, bays dominated by less robust plant species (characteristic of open-water pond and depression meadow vegetation types) would show greater compositional change than bays dominated by dense, robust-form clonal graminoids (characteristic of grass and sedge marsh vegetation types). Aquatic species decreased during the drought in all wetlands, regardless of vegetation group. Compared to grass/sedge marshes, pond/meadow wetlands acquired more species, particularly non-wetland species, during the drought. Pond/meadow wetlands also had greater increases in the abundances of species that require unflooded conditions to establish. Prior to the drought, all wetlands were ponded almost continuously, but during drought the pond/meadow wetlands had shorter and more variable hydroperiods than the grass/sedge marshes. Thus, vegetation change may be partly confounded with hydrologic conditions that provide greater opportunities for species recruitment in pond/meadow bays. The results suggest that Carolina bay vegetation dynamics may differ as a function of dominant vegetation and climate-driven variation in wetland hydrologic condition. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NW Florida Water Management Dist, Havana, FL 32333 USA. RP De Steven, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ddesteven@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 16 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 132 IS 3 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[411:EODSOV]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 989RZ UT WOS:000233692800004 ER PT J AU Goslee, SC Niering, WA Urban, DL Christensen, NL AF Goslee, SC Niering, WA Urban, DL Christensen, NL TI Influence of environment, history and vegetative interactions on stand dynamics in a Connecticut forest SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hemlock woolly adelgid; land use history; Mantel test; path analysis; vegetation dynamics ID LAND-USE HISTORY; ARBORETUM NATURAL AREA; PATH-ANALYSIS; NEW-ENGLAND; PATTERNS; LANDSCAPE; COVER; REGRESSION; DIVERSITY; DECADES AB GOSLEE, S. C. (Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708), W. A. NIERING (Department of Botany, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320), D. L. URBAN AND N. L. CHRISTENSEN (Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708). Influence of environment, history and vegetative interactions on stand dynamics in a Connecticut forest. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 471-482. 2005-We examined the changing influence of environmental factors and land use history on the composition of the canopy tree, shrub, herb and tree seedling strata of a Connecticut forest over 45 years. The many herb and shrub species initially found in post-agricultural areas of this site declined or disappeared as the forest canopy closed. Tsuga canadensis ([L.] Carriere) increased in importance in the forest canopy until the introduction of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand). Shade-intolerant under-story species are now increasing in abundance as the death of large T canadensis opens gaps in the canopy. Mantel path analysis, a multivariate technique that allows examination of indirect and direct relationships among variables, was used to quantify the complex network of relationships among environment, land use history and plant community composition. Overall environmental variability was uncorrelated with vegetation, except within the shrub stratum. Slope and drainage were the most important individual environmental factors measured. Land use history was strongly correlated with all four strata, and the strength of this relationship decreased over time. The composition of the tree seedling stratum was highly variable through time; other strata showed more self-similarity between sample dates. Land use history appears to impact the vegetation so strongly as to conceal any effects of environmental variation on this site. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Connecticut Coll, Dept Bot, New London, CT 06320 USA. RP Goslee, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSWMRU, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Sarah.Goslee@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 132 IS 3 BP 471 EP 482 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[471:IOEHAV]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 989RZ UT WOS:000233692800009 ER PT J AU Freeman, LM Rush, JE Milbury, PE Blumberg, JB AF Freeman, LM Rush, JE Milbury, PE Blumberg, JB TI Antioxidant status and biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with congestive heart failure SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chronic valvular disease; dilated cardiomyopathy; nutrition; vitamins ID PLASMA; DISEASE; ASSAY AB Alterations in antioxidant status and oxidative stress have been documented in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The purpose of this study was to more broadly assess this relationship in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF). Malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-F-2 alpha-isoprostane, protein carbonyls, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, vitamins A, C, and E, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were measured from a single venous blood sample from dogs with CHF secondary to DCM or chronic valvular disease (CVD) and in healthy controls. Nineteen dogs with CHF (14 CVD and 5 DCM) and 12 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Concentrations of 8-F-2 alpha-isoprostane (CHF: 44.6 pg/mL [range, 27.1-98.0 pg/mL], controls: 25.3 pg/mL [range, 11.1-80.4 pg/mL]) but not MDA (CHF: 4.11 mu M [range, 1.89-6.39 mu M], controls: 3.88 mu M [range, 2.14-4.72 mu M]) or protein carbonyls (0.69 nmol/mg protein [range, 0.37-1.67 nmol/mg protein], controls: 0.80 nmol/mg protein [range, 0.40-1.14 nmol/mg protein]) were significantly higher in the dogs with CHF than in the controls. Vitamin E concentration (CHF: 2,215 mu g/dL [range, 916-3,499 mu g/dL], controls: 2,820 mu g/dL [range, 1,738-3,775 mu g/dL]) and GSH: GSSG (CHF: 12.0 [range, 3.69-30.1], controls: 22.7 [range, 12.5-227]) were significantly lower, whereas ORAC CHF: 824 mu mol Trolox equivalent/L [range, 304-984], controls: 497 mu mol Trolox equivalent/L [range, 258-759]) and vitamin C (CHF: 0.90 mg/dL [range, 0.55-102 mg/dL], controls: 0.72 mg/dL [range, 0.43-0.85 mg/dL]) concentrations were higher in dogs with CHF than in controls. Vitamin A concentrations were not different between dogs with CHF and controls. No differences in any of the parameters were detected between dogs with DCM versus those with CVD. Some antioxidant defenses are decreased in dogs with CHF, and some biomarkers of oxidative stress are increased in dogs with CHE The effect of dietary interventions to correct this imbalance in antioxidant defenses warrants further study. C1 Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Freeman, LM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. EM lisa.freeman@tufts.edu NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 7175 W JEFFERSON AVE, STE 2125, LAKEWOOD, CO 80235 USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 537 EP 541 DI 10.1892/0891-6640(2005)19[537:ASABOO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 949PG UT WOS:000230800000009 PM 16095171 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, V LaRocco, M Duque, H Baxt, B AF O'Donnell, V LaRocco, M Duque, H Baxt, B TI Analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus internalization events in cultured cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN RHINOVIRUS SEROTYPE-2; A9 INFECTIOUS CYCLE; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); COXSACKIEVIRUS A9; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN; FC-RECEPTOR; LIPID RAFTS; MEDIATED INTERNALIZATION; VITRONECTIN RECEPTOR; HUMAN PARECHOVIRUS-1 AB It has been demonstrated that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can utilize at least four members of the alpha(v) subgroup of the integrin family of receptors in vitro. The virus interacts with these receptors via a highly conserved arginine-glycine-aspartic acid amino acid sequence motif located within the beta G-beta H loop of VP1. While there have been extensive studies of virus-receptor interactions at the cell surface, our understanding of the events during viral entry into the infected cell is still not clear. We have utilized confocal microscopy to analyze the entry of two FMDV serotypes (types A and 0) after interaction with integrin receptors at the cell surface. In cell cultures expressing both the alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(3) integrins, virus adsorbed to the cells at 4 degrees C appears to colocalize almost exclusively with the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin. Upon shifting the infected cells to 37 degrees C, FMDV capsid proteins were detected within 15 min after the temperature shift, in association with the integrin in vesicular structures that were positive for a marker of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In contrast, virus did not colocalize with a marker for caveola-mediated endocytosis. Virus remained associated with the integrin until about I h after the temperature shift, when viral proteins appeared around the perinuclear region of the cell. By 15 min after the temperature shift, viral proteins were seen colocalizing with a marker for early endosomes, while no colocalization with late endosomal markers was observed. In the presence of monensin, which raises the pH of endocytic vesicles and has been shown to inhibit FMDV replication, viral proteins were not released from the recycling endosome structures. Viral proteins were not observed associated with the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi. These data indicate that FMDV utilizes the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway to infect the cells and that viral replication begins due to acidification of endocytic vesicles, causing the breakdown of the viral capsid structure and release of the genome by an as-yet-unidentified mechanism. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Foeign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Anim Plant Hlth Insepct Serv, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Baxt, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM bbaxt@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 100 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 79 IS 13 BP 8506 EP 8518 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.13.8506-8518.2005 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 936PA UT WOS:000229866700053 PM 15956593 ER PT J AU Stenger, DC Hein, GL Gildow, FE Horken, KM French, R AF Stenger, DC Hein, GL Gildow, FE Horken, KM French, R TI Plant virus HC-Pro is a determinant of eriophyid mite transmission SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAK-MOSAIC-VIRUS; HELPER COMPONENT-PROTEINASE; TOBACCO ETCH POTYVIRUS; LONG-DISTANCE MOVEMENT; APHID TRANSMISSION; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; COAT PROTEIN; GENOME AMPLIFICATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS AB The eriophyid mite transmitted Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV; genus Tritimovirus, family Potyviridae) shares a common genome organization with aphid transmitted species of the genus Potyvirus. Although both tritimoviruses and potyviruses encode helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) homologues (required for nonpersistent aphid transmission of potyviruses), sequence conservation is low (amino acid identity, 16%), and a role for HC-Pro, in semipersistent transmission of WSMV by the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella [Keifer]) has not been investigated. Wheat curl mite transmissibility was abolished by replacement of WSMV HC-Pro, with homologues of an aphid transmitted potyvirus (Turnip mosaic virus), a rymovirus (Agropyron mosaic virus) vectored by a different eriophyid mite, or a closely related tritimovirus (Oat necrotic mottle virus; ONMV) with no known vector. In contrast, both WSMV-Sidney 81 and a chimeric WSMV genome bearing HC-Pro of a divergent strain (WSMV-El Batan 3; 86% amino acid sequence identity) were efficiently transmitted by A. tosichella. Replacing portions of WSMV-Sidney 81 HC-Pro with the corresponding regions from ONMV showed that determinants of wheat curl mite transmission map to the 5'-proximal half of HC-Pro. WSNW genomes bearing HC-Pro of heterologous species retained the ability to form virions, indicating that loss of vector transmissibility was not a result of failure to encapsidate. Although titer in systemically infected leaves was reduced for all chimeric genomes relative to WSMV-Sidney 81, titer was not correlated with loss of vector transmissibility. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time that HC-Pro is required for virus transmission by a vector other than aphids. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res Ctr, Dept Entomol, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Buckhout Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dstenger@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 50 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 79 IS 14 BP 9054 EP 9061 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.14.9054-9061.2005 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 941LM UT WOS:000230216300039 PM 15994799 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Primus, TM Buettgenbach, T Furcolow, CA Goodall, MJ Slate, D Chipman, RB Snow, JL DeLiberto, TJ AF Johnston, JJ Primus, TM Buettgenbach, T Furcolow, CA Goodall, MJ Slate, D Chipman, RB Snow, JL DeLiberto, TJ TI Evaluation and significance of tetracycline stability in rabies vaccine baits SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Baits; biomarker; rabies; raccoons; tetracycline; vaccine ID ACCEPTANCE; DELIVERY; RACCOONS AB Tetracycline is widely used as a biomarker for bait consumption by wildlife; tetracycline is incorporated into bones and teeth and can be detected by fluorescence microscopy several weeks postconsumption. During 2003, the United States Department of Agriculture distributed more than 10 million tetracycline-containing rabies-vaccine baits to control the spread of wildlife vectored rabies to humans, pets, and livestock. To estimate the percentage of target species consuming the baits, raccoons and skunks were collected in baited areas and teeth were analyzed for the presence of the biomarker. Several incidents of low biomarker detection rates prompted an investigation of the stability of the biomarker in the baits. Baits were collected at several points along the manufacturing and distribution chain. Baits were analyzed for free and polymer-bound tetracycline and the less active isomer epitetracycline. Results indicated that a portion of the tetracycline was converted to epitetracycline. Additionally, significant quantities of both compounds were trapped in the polymer, which is homogeneously distributed throughout the bait. The results of this study suggest that approximately 40% of the target quantity of tetracycline was unavailable for absorption. This situation could contribute to low biomarker detection rates and suggests that formulation modification should be considered. C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Rabies Program, Concord, NH 03301 USA. USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Castleton, NY 12033 USA. DHHS, CDC, Council State & Territorial Epidermilogists, Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Johnston, JJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.j.Johnston@usda.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 549 EP 558 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 980KH UT WOS:000233016900010 PM 16244065 ER PT J AU Hanson, BA Swayne, DE Senne, DA Lobpries, DS Hurst, J Stallknecht, DE AF Hanson, BA Swayne, DE Senne, DA Lobpries, DS Hurst, J Stallknecht, DE TI Avian influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses in wintering and resident ducks in Texas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; avian paramyxovirus; mottled duck; pintail; teal; Texas ID A VIRUSES; WILD DUCKS; COASTAL LOUISIANA; WATERFOWL; PENNSYLVANIA; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; SUBTYPES; AREAS AB Cloacal swabs were collected from teal (Anas crecca, Anas cyanoptera, Anas discors), mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) and northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Brazoria County, Texas, USA, during February 2001, mottled ducks during August 2001, and blue-winged teal (A. discors) during February 2002. Prevalence of avian influenza virus (AIV) infections during each sampling period were 11, 0, and 15%, respectively. The hemagglutinin (H) subtypes H2 and H7 were detected in both years, while the H8 subtype was detected in 2001 and the Hi subtype was detected in 2002. Avian paramyxovirus type I (APMV-1) was isolated from 13% of mottled ducks sampled in August 2001 and 30.7% of teal in February 2002. The season of isolation of both viruses and the majority of the AIV subtypes detected in this study are not typical based on previous reports of these viruses from North American ducks. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Wharton, TX 77488 USA. RP Hanson, BA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bhanson@vet.uga.edu NR 22 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 624 EP 628 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 980KH UT WOS:000233016900021 PM 16244076 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Stoffregen, WC Carpenter, JG Stabel, JR AF Palmer, MV Stoffregen, WC Carpenter, JG Stabel, JR TI Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map) from feral cats on a dairy farm with map-infected cattle SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE feral cats; Johne's disease; Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; paratuberculosis ID PARA-TUBERCULOSIS; ORAL INOCULATION; SCOTLAND; PATHOLOGY; WILDLIFE; RABBITS; BISON; DEER AB Paratuberculosis is an economically important disease of dairy cattle caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). The role of nonruminant, nondomestic animals in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in cattle is unclear. To examine nonruminant, nondomestic animals for the presence of Map, 25 feral cats, nine mice (species unknown), eight rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus), six raccoons (Procyon lotor), and three opossums (Didelphis virginiana) were collected from a mid-western dairy with known Map-infected cattle. Mycobacterium avium, subsp. paratuberculosis was isolated from the mesenteric lymph node from seven of 25 (28%) feral cats. Ileum was culture-positive for three of these seven cats, and an isolation of Map was also made from the ileum of one of nine (11%) mice. Tissue samples from other species were negative as determined by Map culture; microscopic lesions consistent with paratuberculosis were not seen in any animal. Restriction fragment polymorphism analysis of isolates from cats and dairy cattle suggest interspecies transmission. The means by which interspecies transmission occurred may be through ingestion of Map-contaminated feces or waste milk or through ingestion of Map-infected prey. Shedding of Map from infected cats was not evaluated. The epidemiologic role of Map-infected feral cats on dairy farms requires further investigation. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 629 EP 635 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 980KH UT WOS:000233016900022 PM 16244077 ER PT J AU Vojta, CD AF Vojta, CD TI Old dog, new tricks: Innovations with presence-absence information SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE presence-absence; site occupancy modeling; detection probability ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; PRECISION; DESIGN; RATES; BIAS C1 US Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. RP Vojta, CD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 2500 S Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. EM cvojta@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 845 EP 848 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0845:ODNTIW]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900002 ER PT J AU Olson, GS Anthony, RG Forsman, ED Ackers, SH Loschl, PJ Reid, JA Dugger, KM Glenn, EM Ripple, WJ AF Olson, GS Anthony, RG Forsman, ED Ackers, SH Loschl, PJ Reid, JA Dugger, KM Glenn, EM Ripple, WJ TI Modeling of site occupancy dynamics for northern spotted owls, with emphasis on the effects of barred owls SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE barred owls; colonization; local-extinction; northern spotted owls; occupancy; site occupancy modeling; Strix occidentalis caurina; Strix varia ID CASCADE MOUNTAINS; STRIX-VARIA; HABITAT; OREGON; HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATIONS; WASHINGTON; RECORDS; RANGE AB Northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis camina) have been studied intensively since their listing as a threatened species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1990. Studies of spotted owl site occupancy have used various binary response measures, but most of these studies have made the assumption that detectability is perfect, or at least high and not variable. Further, previous studies did not consider temporal variation in site occupancy. We used relatively new methods for open population modeling of site occupancy that incorporated imperfect and variable detectability of spotted owls and allowed modeling of temporal variafion in site occupancy, extinction, and colonization probabilities. We also examined the effects of barred owl (S. varia) presence on these parameters. We used spotted owl survey data from 1990 to 2002 for 3 study areas in Oregon, USA, and we used program MARK to develop and analyze site occupancy models. We found per visit detection probabilities averaged < 0.70 and were highly variable among study years and study areas. Site occupancy probabilities for owl pairs declined greatly on I study area and slightly on the other 2 areas. For all owls, including singles and pairs, site occupancy was mostly stable through time. Barred owl presence had a negative effect on spotted owl detection probabilities, and it had either a positive effect on local-extinction probabilities or a negative effect on colonization probabilities. We conclude that further analyses of spotted owls must account for imperfect and variable detectability and barred owl presence to properly interpret results. Further, because bar-red owl presence is increasing within the range of northern spotted owls, we expect to see further declines in the proportion of sites occupied by spotted owls. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Biol, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Forestry Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Rosenburg Field Stn, Pacific NW Forestry Sci Lab, Roseburg, OR 97460 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Olson, GS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Biol, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gail.olson@oregonstate.edu NR 37 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 39 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 918 EP 932 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0918:MOSODF]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900009 ER PT J AU Manley, PN Schlesinger, MD Roth, JK Van Horne, B AF Manley, PN Schlesinger, MD Roth, JK Van Horne, B TI A field-based evaluation of a presence-absence protocol for monitoring ecoregional-scale biodiversity SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; detection; ecoregion; National Forest System; monitor; presence-absence data; vertebrates; Sierra Nevada ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; EXTINCTION; DIVERSITY; RARITY AB Declines in populations of many species across the United States are prompting the need for monitoring programs that can detect population change effectively for large suites of species. The proliferation of reliable standardized monitoring techniques enhances the potential that we may meet these burgeoning information needs. However, multiple-species monitoring approaches are still a rarity. In an attempt to meet monitoring information needs on National Forest System (NFS) lands, the U.S. Forest Service developed the Multiple Species Inventory and Monitoring (MSIM) protocol, an approach that employs a variety of vertebrate and habitat survey methods to obtain presence-absence data for a broad spectrum of species at a systematic array of sample points throughout ecoregions. A recent evaluation of the MSIM protocol predicted that its implementation across the Sierra Nevada ecoregion would detect a 20% change in proportion of points occupied for 76% of the species with 80% confidence and power. This evaluation was based on a qualitative estimate of probability of detection and basic habitat association information to estimate probability of presence. We conducted a field test to evaluate the ability of a multi-taxonomic, presence-absence monitoring approach to detect and estimate population change at multiple scales and to meet the monitoring needs of land management agencies. Our field data consisted of bird, mammal, amphibian, and reptile surveys conducted at terresuial and aquatic sites in the Lake Tahoe basin, located in the central Sien-a Nevada. We used a maximum likelihood function to quantitatively estimate the probability of detection and sampling adequacy of species and species groups. We compared these observed estimates to the previously derived expected estimates. We detected 185 species by field testing, including 89% of the expected species and several species that were not expected. Observed probabilities of detection were generally lower than we expected. Sampling adequacy was also lower than we expected but still relatively high, with 66% of the Lake Tahoe species and 47% of all Sien-a Nevada species adequately sampled. Species with small geographic ranges, narrow habitat specificity, or small population sizes were considered rare, and they were not sampled as adequately as other species groups. Still, 69 of the rarest species, including 12 species with state or federal designation as endangered, threatened, or sensitive, were estimated to be adequately sampled. Our analysis highlighted the ability of a broad-scale, multi-taxonomic presence-absence monitoring approach, such as the MSIM protocol, to detect population change for a large number and wide variety of vertebrate species. The outcome of our test also suggests that many data yields would be garnered at the scale of National Forests and National Parks, such as distribution and occurrence data for most species, including little-known species, population trend data for many species, habitat relationships and habitat condition data, and data on association strengths of indicator species. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, Lake Tahoe Basin Managment Unit, S Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 USA. US Forest Serv, Natl Off, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Manley, PN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 2121 2nd St,Suite A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pmanley@fs.fed.us NR 68 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 950 EP 966 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[0950:AFEOAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900011 ER PT J AU Shively, KJ Alldredge, AW Phillips, GE AF Shively, KJ Alldredge, AW Phillips, GE TI Elk reproductive response to removal of calving season disturbance by humans SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE calving season; Cervus elaphus; Colorado; disturbance; elk; recreation; reproduction ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; MOVEMENT; ROADS AB We evaluated elk (Cerous elaphus) reproductive success following removal of human disturbance during calving season, by comparing data from 2 segregated groups of free-ranging elk (control and treatment) from I pre-disturbance year, 2 disturbance years, and 2 post-disturbance years. Treatment-group elk were subjected to simulated recreational activity during calving season in disturbance years but not in pre- or post-disturbance years. Control animals experienced only ambient levels of disturbance throughout the study, and their calf/cow proportions (proportion of marked adult female elk maintaining a calf in Jul and Aug) were similar throughout the 5 years. We observed reduced productivity of treatment-group elk compared to controls during disturbance years after adjusting for nontreatment year differences. We hypothesized that productivity would return to, or potentially exceed, pre-disturbance levels following removal of disturbance. Producfivity rebounded following release from disturbance, and full recovery was achieved by the second post-disturbance year. However, we did not observe productivity in excess of pre-disturbance years, as might be expected if release from energetic demands of maintaining a calf in I year increases probability of maintaining a calf in the following year. Our results are consistent with hypotheses that human-induced disturbance during parturition periods can reduce reproductive success and that removal of disturbance can allow productivity to recover to pre-disturbance levels. Managers of wildlife and wildlife habitat should consider potential impacts of human-induced disturbance on wildlife populations. Wildlife populations, depressed by human-induced disturbance during the neonatal period, may have the ability to rebound if the disturbance is removed. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shively, KJ (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 79 Leighton Rd,Suite 12, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM Kirk.J.Shively@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1073 EP 1080 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1073:ERRTRO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 985NX UT WOS:000233385900022 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, V Willett, JL AF Finkenstadt, V Willett, JL TI Preparation and characterization of electroactive biopolymers SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Polymer-Networks-Group Meeting CY AUG 15-19, 2004 CL Bethesda, MD SP Natl Inst Hlth, IUPAC, Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE electroactive biomaterials; polysaccharides; resistivity; solid polymer electrolyte; starch ID STARCH AB Biopolymers have the potential for use as a matrix for applications such as controlled release devices, environmentally sensitive membranes, mimic materials and energetic applications. Renewable resources (such as starch) can be utilized as polymer matrices for electroactive materials that are sensitive to their environment. Natural polymers are generally more environmentally-friendly and biocompatible than existing synthetic products. Thermoplastic starch is naturally insulative; however, the chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties of the biopolymer matrix can be tailored for specific functionality in a continuous process utilizing reactive extrusion. Conductance can be measured in the solid state by a direct-current resistance method. Ion-conducting materials, produced by doping thermoplastic starch and biopolymers with metal halides, have 5 orders of magnitude greater conductance than native materials. There is a correlation between polymer mobility and conductance. Plant or microbial biopolymers with ionic functional groups have shown promise for higher levels of conductance. The conductance approaches the level of synthetic polymer electrolytes. C1 USDA, Plant Polymer Res, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Finkenstadt, V (reprint author), USDA, Plant Polymer Res, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM finkenvl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 227 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1002/masy.200550937 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 959AX UT WOS:000231490400038 ER PT J AU Tatum, FM Yersin, AG Briggs, RE AF Tatum, FM Yersin, AG Briggs, RE TI Construction and virulence of a Pasteurella multocida fhaB2 mutant in turkeys SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Pasteurella multocida; filamentous hemagglutinin; pathogenicity in turkeys ID SIGNATURE-TAGGED MUTAGENESIS; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; FOWL CHOLERA; SEQUENCE; ADHERENCE; IDENTIFICATION; COLONIZATION AB Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of fowl cholera. The organism can occur as a commensally in the naso-pharyngeal region of apparently healthy animals and it can be a primary or secondary pathogen in the disease process of birds. The complete genome of an avian strain of P. multocida has been sequenced and was shown to possess two filamentous hemagglutinin genes designated fhaB1 and fhaB2. Filamentous hemagglutinin transposon mutants of a bovine strain of P. multocida are attenuated in mice. Here, we report the construction of an fhaB2 P. multocida mutant in an avian strain P-1059 (A:3). The fhaB2 mutant and the parent were assessed for virulence in turkeys by intranasal and intravenous challenge. Inactivation of fhaB2 resulted in a high degree of attenuation when turkeys were challenged intranasally and to a lesser degree when intravenously administered. Resistance of the fhaB2 mutant and parent strain to killing by serum complement was similar. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Resp Dis Livestock Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Kemin AgriFoods N Amer Inc, Des Moines, IA 50317 USA. RP Tatum, FM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Resp Dis Livestock Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ftatum@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2005.05.003 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 954OJ UT WOS:000231164100002 PM 15998577 ER PT J AU Kretzer, AM Dunham, S Molina, R Spatafora, JW AF Kretzer, AM Dunham, S Molina, R Spatafora, JW TI Patterns of vegetative growth and gene flow in Rhizopogon vinicolor and R-vesiculosus (Boletales, Basidiomycota) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE false-truffles; genetic structure; microsatellite markers; mycophagy; spore dispersal; tuberculate ectomycorrhizae ID SPATIAL-AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; WOOD-DECAY FUNGUS; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL BASIDIOMYCETE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DOUGLAS-FIR; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LACCARIA-AMETHYSTINA; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; HOME RANGE; DIVERSITY AB We have collected sporocarps and tuberculate ectomycorrhizae of both Rhizopogon vinicolor and Rhizopogon vesiculosus from three 50 x 100 m plots located at Mary's Peak in the Oregon Coast Range (USA); linear map distances between plots ranged from c. 1 km to c. 5.5 km. Six and seven previously developed microsatellite markers were used to map the approximate size and distribution of R. vinicolor and R. vesiculosus genets, respectively. Genetic structure within plots was analysed using spatial autocorrelation analyses. No significant clustering of similar genotypes was detected in either species when redundant samples from the same genets were culled from the data sets. In contrast, strong clustering was detected in R. vesiculosus when all samples were analysed, but not in R. vinicolor. These results demonstrate that isolation by distance does not occur in either species at the intraplot sampling scale and that clonal propagation (vegetative growth) is significantly more prevalent in R. vesiculosus than in R. vinicolor. Significant genetic differentiation was detected between some of the plots and appeared greater in the more clonal species R. vesiculosus with Phi(ST) values ranging from 0.010 to 0.078*** than in R. vinicolor with Phi(ST) values ranging from -0.002 to 0.022** (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). When tested against the null hypothesis of no relationship between individuals, parentage analysis detected seven likely parent/offspring pairs in R. vinicolor and four in R. vesiculosus (alpha = 0.001). Of these 11 possible parent/offspring pairs, only two R. vinicolor pairs were still supported as parent/offspring when tested against the alternative hypothesis of being full siblings (alpha = 0.05). In the latter two cases, parent and offspring were located at approximately 45 m and 28 m from each other. Challenges to parentage analysis in ectomycorrhizal fungi are discussed. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Kretzer, AM (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM kretzera@esf.edu NR 54 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 8 BP 2259 EP 2268 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02547.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 937YB UT WOS:000229961500002 PM 15969712 ER PT J AU Gaskin, JF Zhang, DY Bon, MC AF Gaskin, JF Zhang, DY Bon, MC TI Invasion of Lepidium draba (Brassicaceae) in the western United States: distributions and origins of chloroplast DNA haplotypes SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hoary cress; invasion; Lepidium draba; origins; population structure; whitetop ID GENETIC-VARIATION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CARDARIA-DRABA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; CHONDRILLA-JUNCEA; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; AMPLIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION AB Advances in phylogeography are of great value for understanding the population structure and origins of invasive genotypes. Such insights provide constructive information for current or future biological control research efforts. In this study, we investigated a highly variable chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) marker for populations of the weed Lepidium draba (Brassicaceae) in its native Eurasian and invasive US ranges. We sequenced DNA from 684 individuals from Eurasia and the US and found 41 different haplotypes. Our comparative study between the native and invasive ranges showed a 33% reduction in allelic richness (A) and a 7% reduction in haplotype diversity (h) since introduction into the US. Most genetic variation in the native range was observed within geographical regions and populations, not between regions, and this result was similar for the invasive range. Assignment tests indicated the most likely origins of many invasive haplotypes. Some of these occurred in western Europe, supporting an expanded native range that had been proposed for the species. Exact locations were identified for a diverse set of invasive haplotypes which can be used in ongoing host-specificity tests of potential biological control agents. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Res Inst Ecol & Geog, Urmqui 830011, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34980 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. RP Gaskin, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, POB 463, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jgaskin@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 8 BP 2331 EP 2341 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02589.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 937YB UT WOS:000229961500008 PM 15969718 ER PT J AU Halbert, ND Ward, TJ Schnabel, RD Taylor, JF Derr, JN AF Halbert, ND Ward, TJ Schnabel, RD Taylor, JF Derr, JN TI Conservation genomics: disequilibrium mapping of domestic cattle chromosomal segments in North American bison populations SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bison; domestic cattle; hybridization; microsatellites; nuclear introgression; species conservation ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; JUXTAPOSED MICROSATELLITE SYSTEMS; HYBRID POPULATIONS; PLAINS BISON; BOS-INDICUS; WOOD BISON; BOVINE MICROSATELLITES; GENEALOGICAL ORIGINS; DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS; INHERITED MARKERS AB Introgressive hybridization is one of the major threats to species conservation, and is often induced by human influence on the natural habitat of wildlife species. The ability to accurately identify introgression is critical to understanding its importance in evolution and effective conservation management of species. Hybridization between North American bison (Bison bison) and domestic cattle (Bos taurus) as a result of human activities has been recorded for over 100 years, and domestic cattle mitochondrial DNA was previously detected in bison populations. In this study, linked microsatellite markers were used to identify domestic cattle chromosomal segments in 14 genomic regions from 14 bison populations. Cattle nuclear introgression was identified in five populations, with an average frequency per population ranging from 0.56% to 1.80%. This study represents the first use of linked molecular markers to examine introgression between mammalian species and the first demonstration of domestic cattle nuclear introgression in bison. To date, six public bison populations have been identified with no evidence of mitochondrial or nuclear domestic cattle introgression, providing information critical to the future management of bison genetic resources. The ability to identify even low levels of introgression resulting from historic hybridization events suggests that the use of linked molecular markers to identify introgression is a significant development in the study of introgressive hybridization across a broad range of taxa. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biochem Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Derr, JN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biochem Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jderr@cvm.tamu.edu OI Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641 NR 79 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 8 BP 2343 EP 2362 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02591.x PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 937YB UT WOS:000229961500009 PM 15969719 ER PT J AU Futse, JE Brayton, KA Knowles, DP Palmer, GH AF Futse, JE Brayton, KA Knowles, DP Palmer, GH TI Structural basis for segmental gene conversion in generation of Anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein variants SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR SURFACE PROTEIN-2; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; CYCLIC RICKETTSEMIA; TRANSMISSION; RECOMBINATION; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY; CATTLE; MUTATIONS; INFECTION AB Bacterial pathogens in the genus Anaplasma generate surface coat variants by gene conversion of chromosomal pseudogenes into single-expression sites. These pseudogenes encode unique surface-exposed hypervariable regions flanked by conserved domains, which are identical to the expression site flanking domains. In addition, Anaplasma marginale generates variants by recombination of oligonucleotide segments derived from the pseudogenes into the existing expression site copy, resulting in a combinatorial increase in variant diversity. Using the A. marginale genome sequence to track the origin of sequences recombined into the msp2 expression site, we demonstrated that the complexity of the expressed msp2 increases during infection, reflecting a shift from recombination of the complete hypervariable region of a given pseudogene to complex mosaics with segments derived from hypervariable regions of different pseudogenes. Examination of the complete set of 1183 variants with segmental changes revealed that 99% could be explained by one of the recombination sites occurring in the conserved flanking domains and the other within the hypervariable region. Consequently, we propose an 'anchoring' model for segmental gene conversion whereby the conserved flanking sequences tightly align and anchor the expression site sequence to the pseudogene. Associated with the recombination sites were deletions, insertions and substitutions; however, these are a relatively minor contribution to variant generation as these occurred in less than 2% of the variants. Importantly, the anchoring model, which can account for more variants than a strict segmental sequence identity mechanism, is consistent with the number of msp2 variants predicted and empirically identified during persistent infection. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Palmer, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gpalmer@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI44005] NR 31 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 57 IS 1 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04670.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 932VH UT WOS:000229581800018 PM 15948961 ER PT J AU Sinha, R Cross, A Curtin, J Zimmerman, T McNutt, S Risch, A Holden, J AF Sinha, R Cross, A Curtin, J Zimmerman, T McNutt, S Risch, A Holden, J TI Development of a food frequency questionnaire module and databases for compounds in cooked and processed meats SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cooking methods; food frequency questionnaire; heterocyclic aromatic amines; meat; preserved meat; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; preserved meat ID HETEROCYCLIC AMINE CONTENT; GRILLED RED MEAT; NON-HEME IRON; WELL-DONE; COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; VARYING DEGREES; BREAST-CANCER; N-NITROSATION; LUNG-CANCER; RISK AB There is ample evidence from basic research and animal carcinogenicity studies that heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are mutagens and carcinogens. However, there was a paucity of human data due to a lack of appropriate investigative tools. We developed the first validated cooked meat module within a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in the United States of America and created databases to be used in conjunction with this FFQ to estimate intake of HCAs and benzo[a]pyrene, a marker of PAHs. It became clear that other aspects of meat may also contribute to carcinogenesis; in particular, we are pursuing two additional areas: processed meat and iron exposure in relation to cancer risk. To investigate these hypotheses, we have expanded the cooked meat module to include detailed information on processed meats and fish. In addition, we are developing two databases, one for total iron and heme iron in cooked meat and the other for nitrite, nitrate, and N-nitroso compounds in processed meats. In this report, we will outline the methods used to develop the meat questionnaires, the databases, a software package for generating the intake values, and the methods used to generate nutritional data from nationally representative samples. C1 NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. USDA ARS, BHNRC, NDL, BARC W Beltsville, W Beltsville, MD USA. RP Sinha, R (reprint author), NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 3046, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM sinhar@nih.gov RI Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 NR 42 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 49 IS 7 BP 648 EP 655 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200500018 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 947UA UT WOS:000230671600003 PM 15986387 ER PT J AU Puthoff, DP Sardesai, N Subramanyam, S Nemacheck, JA Williams, CE AF Puthoff, DP Sardesai, N Subramanyam, S Nemacheck, JA Williams, CE TI Hfr-2, a wheat cytolytic toxin-like gene, is up-regulated by virulent Hessian fly larval feeding SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEPTICUM ALPHA-TOXIN; DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; CLOSTRIDIUM-SEPTICUM; PLANT DEFENSE; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; RESISTANT WHEAT; SEED PROTEIN; LECTIN; EXPRESSION AB Both yield and grain-quality are dramatically decreased when susceptible wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants are infested by Hessian fly (Mayetiola, destructor) larvae. Examination of the changes in wheat gene expression during infestation by virulent Hessian fly larvae has identified the up-regulation of a gene, Hessian fly responsive-2 (Hfr-2), which contains regions similar to genes encoding seed-specific agglutinin proteins from Amaranthus. Hfr-2 however, did not accumulate in developing seeds, as do other wheat seed storage proteins. Additionally, a separate region of the HFR-2 predicted amino acid sequence is similar to haemolytic proteins, from both mushroom and bacteria, that are able to form pores in cell membranes of mammalian red blood cells. The involvement of Hfr-2 in interactions with insects was supported by experiments demonstrating its up-regulation by both fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) infestations but not by virus infection. Examination of wheat defence response pathways showed Hfr-2 up-regulation following methyl jasmonate treatment and only slight up-regulation in response to salicylic acid, abscisic acid and wounding treatments. Like related proteins, HFR-2 may normally function in defence against certain insects or pathogens. However, we propose that as virulent Hessian fly larvae manipulate the physiology of the susceptible host, the HFR-2 protein inserts in plant cell membranes at the feeding sites and by forming pores provides water, ions and other small nutritive molecules to the developing larvae. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Product & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Williams, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Product & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM cwilliams@purdue.edu NR 59 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 411 EP 423 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2005.00289.X PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 949DM UT WOS:000230765100004 PM 20565667 ER PT J AU Lilleskov, EA Bruns, TD AF Lilleskov, EA Bruns, TD TI Spore dispersal of a resupinate ectomycorrhizal fungus, Tomentella sublilacina, via soil food webs SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE beetles; centipedes; Chilopoda; Coleoptera; Collembola; ectozoochory; endozoochory; fungivory; invertebrates; millipedes; Myriapoda; oribatid mites; salamanders; sporivory; springtails AB Patterns of fungal spore dispersal affect gene flow, population structure and fungal community structure. Many Basidiomycota produce resupinate (crust-like) basidiocarps buried in the soil. Although spores are actively discharged, they often do not appear to be well positioned for aerial dispersal. We investigated the potential spore dispersal mechanisms of one exemplar of this growth form, Tomenlella sublilacina. It is a widespread ectomycorrhizal fungus that sporulates in the soil organic horizon, can establish from the spore bank shortly after disturbance, but also can be a dominant species in mature forest stands. We investigated whether its spores could be dispersed via spore-based food webs. We examined external surfaces, gut contents and feces from arthropod fungivores (mites, springtails, millipedes, beetles, fly larvae) and arthropod and vertebrate predators (centipedes, salamanders) from on and around T sublilacina sporocarps. Spore densities were high in the guts of many individuals from all fungivore groups. Centipede gut contents, centipede feces and salamander feces contained undigested invertebrate exoskeletons and many apparently intact spores. DAPI staining of spores from feces of fungivores indicated that 7-73% of spores contained intact nuclei, whereas spores from predators had lower percentages of intact nuclei. The spiny spores often were lodged on invertebrate exoskeletons. To test the viability of spores that had passed through invertebrate guts we used fecal droppings of the millipede Harpaphe haydeniana to successfully inoculate seedlings of Pinus muricata (Bishop pine). These results indicate the potential for T sublilacina spore dispersal via invertebrates and their predators in soil food webs and might help to explain the widespread distribution of this species. It is likely that this is a general mechanism of dispersal for fungi producing resupinate sporocarps, indicating a need to develop a fuller understanding of the linkages of soil food webs and spore dispersal. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lilleskov, EA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM clilleskov@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 28 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 762 EP 769 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.4.762 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 980WF UT WOS:000233048200003 PM 16457345 ER PT J AU Castlebury, LA Carris, LM Vanky, K AF Castlebury, LA Carris, LM Vanky, K TI Phylogenetic analysis of Tilletia and allied genera in order Tilletiales (Ustilaginomycetes; Exobasidiomycetidae) based on large subunit nuclear rDNA sequences SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Conidiosporomyces; Erratomyces; germination; Ingoldiomyces; molecular systematics; Neovossia; smut and bunt fungi AB The order Tilletiales (Ustilaginomycetes, Basidiomycota) includes six genera (Conidiosporomyces, Erratomyces, Ingoldiomyces, Neovossia, Oberwinkleria and Tilletia) and approximately 150 species. All members of Tilletiales infect hosts in the grass family Poaceae with the exception of Erratomyces spp., which occur on hosts in the Fabaceae. Morphological features including teliospore ornamentation, number and nuclear condition of primary basidiospores and ability of primary basidiospores to conjugate and form an infective dikaryon were studied in conjunction with sequence analysis of the large subunit nuclear rDNA gene (nLSU). Analysis based on nLSU data shows that taxa infecting hosts in the grass subfamily Pooideae form one well supported lineage. This lineage comprises most of the reticulate-spored species that germinate to form a small number of rapidly conjugating basidiospores and includes the type species Tilletia tritici. Two tuberculate-spored species with a large number of nonconjugating basidiospores, T. indica and T. walkeri, and Ingoldiomyces hyalosporus are also included in this lineage. Most of the species included in the analysis with echinulate, verrucose or tuberculate teliospores that germinate to form a large number (> 30) of nonconjugating basidiospores infect hosts in the subfamilies Panicoideae, Chloridoideae, Arundinoideae and Ehrhartoideae. This group of species is more diverse than the pooid-infecting taxa and in general do not form well supported clades corresponding to host subfamily. The results of this work suggest that morphological characters used to segregate Neovossia, Conidiosporomyces and Ingoldiomyces from Tilletia are not useful generic level characters and that all included species can be accommodated in the genus Tilletia. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Herbarium Ustilaginales Vanky, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Castlebury, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM castlebury@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 47 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 888 EP 900 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.4.888 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 980WF UT WOS:000233048200016 PM 16457358 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Castellano, MA Trappe, JM AF Wang, Y Castellano, MA Trappe, JM TI Melanogaster utriculatus sp nov from Japan SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE basidiomycetes; Boletales; taxonomy AB A new Melanogaster species is described and illustrated: M. utriculatus from Japan. The relationship of the new species to other closely related species is discussed. A key to Melanogaster species from Asia is presented. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Invermay Agr Ctr, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel 50034, New Zealand. EM wangy@crop.cri.nz; mcastellano@fs.fed.us; trappej@onid.orst.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 93 BP 315 EP 317 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 981YA UT WOS:000233122700035 ER PT J AU Macia, MJ Palm, ME Martin, MP AF Macia, MJ Palm, ME Martin, MP TI A new species of Leptosphaeria (Ascomycotina, Pleosporales) on Rosaceae from Bolivia SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE biogeography; conservation; rDNA; taxonomy AB Leptosphaeria polylepidis is described as a new species on Polylepis tarapacana from Sajama National Park in the Bolivian Andes at more than 4,000 in elevation. Diagnostic features are the long asci and the large, brown, 3-septate ascospores. C1 CSIC, Real Jardin Bot Madrid, Madrid 28014, Spain. USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Macia, MJ (reprint author), CSIC, Real Jardin Bot Madrid, Pl Murillo 2, Madrid 28014, Spain. EM maripaz@ma-rjb.csic.es RI Macia, Manuel/H-4631-2012; Martin, Maria /H-8069-2012 OI Macia, Manuel/0000-0002-4676-612X; Martin, Maria /0000-0002-1235-4418 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 93 BP 401 EP 406 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 981YA UT WOS:000233122700046 ER PT J AU Gordon, DR Greenberg, CH Crownover, SH Slapcinsky, OL AF Gordon, DR Greenberg, CH Crownover, SH Slapcinsky, OL TI Effects of unpaved road soils on persistence of three non-native grass species SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE invasive plants; roadside invasions; roadside soils; soil disturbance; sand pine scrub ID PLANT INVASIONS; LANDSCAPE; COMMUNITIES; ANNUALS; FOREST AB Amended roadsides, with their modified fertility, soil structure, and disturbance regimes, may provide invading plant species access into adjacent natural communities. We experimentally tested whether soil amendments alone or in combination with the environmental conditions of roadsides facilitate invasion by non-native grass species into xeric sand pine scrub in Ocala National Forest, Florida. In 1995 we planted seeds of three non-native grasses (bahiagrass [Paspalum notatum] Flugge, centipede grass [Eremochloa ophiuroides] [Munro] Hack., and natal grass [Ryncheletrum repens] [Willd.] C.E. Hubb.) in plots of three road-soil types (two amended road-soils: clay and limerock-clay, and one unamended natural soil: sand). Factorial combinations of seeds and soil were reciprocally placed both along clay roadsides and in interior sites that were parallel to the roads in adjacent clearcuts of xeric sand pine scrub (n = 4 blocks). Initial establishment was higher than was persistence in the plots four years later. In 1995, species frequency was similar in roadside and interior plots. By 1999 only centipede grass persisted in the interior plots, while all species were present in the roadside plots. In both years, non-native species frequency was greater on clay than on limerock-clay or sand soils. In 1999, natal grass was found only, and centipede grass was more frequent on amended than on unamended roadside plots. No non-native grasses were found in sand soils in interior sites in 1999. Our results indicate that the xeric, sandy soil of interior sand pine scrub is relatively inhospitable to the non-native grasses tested, and that both clay soils and other roadside conditions facilitate their persistence. C1 Univ Florida, Nat Conservancy, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. Buncombe Cty Hlth Ctr, Div Environm Hlth, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Gordon, DR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Nat Conservancy, POB 118526, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dgordon@tnc.org NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 946KT UT WOS:000230571700007 ER PT J AU McEwan, RW Rhoades, C Beiting, S AF McEwan, RW Rhoades, C Beiting, S TI American chestnut (Castanea dentata) in the pre-settlement vegetation of Mammoth Cave National Park, Central Kentucky, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE American chestnut; land deed; reference conditions; restoration; witness tree ID NATURAL REPLACEMENT; BLIGHT; FOREST; MOUNTAINS; HIGHLANDS; ECOLOGY AB The loss of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) due to the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica had a considerable effect on the ecology of eastern forests. Because of its historical importance, researchers have worked to develop a blight-resistant variety of American chestnut for establishment into its former range. Chestnut breeders now predict that such varieties will be available within a decade. Information on forest communities in which chestnut was abundant prior to the blight should provide historical legitimacy to restoration efforts and increase the likelihood of success. We analyzed "witness" trees from settlement-era land deeds in order to guide site selection for chestnut restoration at Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky. Chestnut was the ninth most important species in our sample and was positively associated with white oak (Quercus alba) and black oak (Quercus velutina) and negatively associated with post oak (Quercus stellata) and blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica). Non-metric multidimensional scaling indicated that chestnut was associated with chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), and white oak in the overstory of pre-blight forests, and with serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) and sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) in sub-canopy layers. We suggest targeting restoration sites which contain these species and avoiding sites where post oak or blackjack oak are currently dominant. Witness tree analysis allows for the identification of vegetation associations that historically had a chestnut component, increasing the potential for restoration success. Even so, silvicultural considerations and the introductions of pests and pathogens other than the blight fungus may inhibit chestnut restoration. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP McEwan, RW (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM ryan.w.mcewan.1@ohio.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 275 EP 281 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 946KT UT WOS:000230571700009 ER PT J AU Paulsen, IT Press, CM Ravel, J Kobayashi, DY Myers, GSA Mavrodi, DV DeBoy, RT Seshadri, R Ren, QH Madupu, R Dodson, RJ Durkin, AS Brinkac, LM Daugherty, SC Sullivan, SA Rosovitz, MJ Gwinn, ML Zhou, LW Schneider, DJ Cartinhour, SW Nelson, WC Weidman, J Watkins, K Tran, K Khouri, H Pierson, EA Pierson, LS Thomashow, LS Loper, JE AF Paulsen, IT Press, CM Ravel, J Kobayashi, DY Myers, GSA Mavrodi, DV DeBoy, RT Seshadri, R Ren, QH Madupu, R Dodson, RJ Durkin, AS Brinkac, LM Daugherty, SC Sullivan, SA Rosovitz, MJ Gwinn, ML Zhou, LW Schneider, DJ Cartinhour, SW Nelson, WC Weidman, J Watkins, K Tran, K Khouri, H Pierson, EA Pierson, LS Thomashow, LS Loper, JE TI Complete genome sequence of the plant commensal Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED DAMPING-OFF; GENE-CLUSTER; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COTTON SEEDLINGS; PUTIDA KT2440; BIOCONTROL; BIOSYNTHESIS; SIDEROPHORES; AERUGINOSA AB Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 is a plant commensal bacterium that inhabits the rhizosphere and produces secondary metabolites that suppress soilborne plant pathogens. The complete sequence of the 7.1- Mb Pf- 5 genome was determined. We analyzed repeat sequences to identify genomic islands that, together with other approaches, suggested P. fluorescens Pf-5's recent lateral acquisitions include six secondary metabolite gene clusters, seven phage regions and a mobile genomic island. We identified various features that contribute to its commensal lifestyle on plants, including broad catabolic and transport capabilities for utilizing plant-derived compounds, the apparent ability to use a diversity of iron siderophores, detoxification systems to protect from oxidative stress, and the lack of a type III secretion system and toxins found in related pathogens. In addition to six known secondary metabolites produced by P. fluorescens Pf- 5, three novel secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters were also identified that may contribute to the biocontrol properties of P. fluorescens Pf- 5. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. RP Loper, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. EM ipaulsen@tigr.org; loperj@mail.science.oregonstate.edu RI Ravel, Jacques/D-2530-2009; Schneider, David/H-2236-2012; Paulsen, Ian/K-3832-2012; Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; Nelson, William/E-9263-2016; Myers, Garry/E-7708-2011; OI Loper, Joyce/0000-0003-3501-5969; Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385; Paulsen, Ian/0000-0001-9015-9418; Nelson, William/0000-0002-1873-3929; Myers, Garry/0000-0002-4756-4810; Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233; Press, Caroline/0000-0003-4741-9776 NR 45 TC 330 Z9 890 U1 8 U2 88 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 23 IS 7 BP 873 EP 878 DI 10.1038/nbt1110 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 944KT UT WOS:000230427700035 PM 15980861 ER PT J AU Cherubini, A Martin, A Andres-Lacueva, C Di Iorio, A Lamponi, M Mecocci, P Bartali, B Corsi, A Senin, U Ferrucci, L AF Cherubini, A Martin, A Andres-Lacueva, C Di Iorio, A Lamponi, M Mecocci, P Bartali, B Corsi, A Senin, U Ferrucci, L TI Vitamin E levels, cognitive impairment and dementia in older persons: the InCHIANTI study SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; antioxidant; cognitive impairment; dementia elderly; epidemiological study ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; DIETARY-INTAKE; ANTIOXIDANTS; PLASMA; HEALTH; TISSUE; SAMPLE AB There is conflicting evidence that antioxidants contribute to maintaining cognitive function in elderly subjects. We investigated whether vitamin E plasma levels are related to the presence of dementia and cognitive impairment in a population-based cohort study conducted in Italy. A total of 1033 participants aged at least 65 years received clinical and neuropsychological examinations, donated blood for vitamin E analysis and had their diets assessed. Participants with plasma vitamin E levels in the bottom tertile had a significantly higher probability of being demented (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0-7.1) and also of suffering from cognitive impairment (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.2) compared to those in the highest vitamin E tertile after adjustment for age, gender, education, lipid levels, energy intake, vitamin E intake, and smoking. This study supports the notion that higher vitamin E plasma levels might provide significant protection against cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly subjects. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Perugia, Sch Med, Inst Gerontol & Geriatr, Dept Clin & Expt Med,Policlin Monteluce, I-06122 Perugia, Italy. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, CeRTA, Barcelona, Spain. Univ G DAnnunzio, Dept Med & Aging, Lab Clin Epidemiol, Geriatr Unit, Chieti, Italy. INRCA, Lab Clin Epidemiol, Florence, Italy. NIA, NIH, Longitudinal Studies Sect, Clin Res Branch, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Cherubini, A (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Sch Med, Inst Gerontol & Geriatr, Dept Clin & Expt Med,Policlin Monteluce, Via Brunamonti,Padiglione E, I-06122 Perugia, Italy. EM acherub@unipg.it RI Andres-Lacueva, Cristina/J-3377-2012; OI Andres-Lacueva, Cristina/0000-0002-8494-4978; Cherubini, Antonio/0000-0003-0261-9897 NR 59 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL PY 2005 VL 26 IS 7 BP 987 EP 994 DI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.09.002 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 908WN UT WOS:000227821000001 PM 15748776 ER PT J AU Kennard, DK Putz, FE AF Kennard, DK Putz, FE TI Differential responses of Bolivian timber species to prescribed fire and other gap treatments SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE disturbance intensity; prescribed burning; regeneration strategies; seedling growth; shade-tolerance; sprouting ID SWIETENIA-MACROPHYLLA KING; TROPICAL DRY FOREST; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; RAIN-FOREST; COSTA-RICA; WET FOREST; REGENERATION; GERMINATION; MANAGEMENT; INTENSITY AB We followed the establishment and growth response of 13 commercial tree species to canopy opening, above-ground biomass removal, and experimental burns of low and high intensities in a lowland dry forest in Bolivia. Three patterns of response to treatments were observed among the most abundant commercial tree species. (1) Shade-intolerant species regenerated mostly from seed and had the highest survival and growth rates following high-intensity burns. (2) Shade-tolerant species were abundant in gap control and plant removal treatments. Treatments had little effect on the height growth of these species. (3) Individuals of root sprouting species were most abundant following plant removal and low-intensity burn treatments. Treatments had little effect on the height growth of these species. The wide variation in species responses to gap treatments found in this study not only reinforces the concept that species are distributed along a continuum of shade-tolerance levels, but that other aspects of species biology, such as seed dispersal type or sprouting behavior, further differentiate regeneration strategies. The variety of regeneration strategies found among the species at this forest site will require a flexible management scheme that mixes more intensive silvicultural treatments such as prescribed burning with less intensive treatments. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kennard, DK (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM dkennard@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s11056-004-0762-y PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 932UI UT WOS:000229578600001 ER PT J AU Pot, D McMillan, L Echt, C Le Provost, G Garnier-Gere, P Cato, S Plomion, C AF Pot, D McMillan, L Echt, C Le Provost, G Garnier-Gere, P Cato, S Plomion, C TI Nucleotide variation in genes involved in wood formation in two pine species SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE candidate gene; nucleotide variation; Pinus; selection; wood formation ID CELL-WALL PROTEINS; MARITIME PINE; PINASTER AIT.; LOBLOLLY-PINE; PROPERTY TRAITS; WATER-DEFICIT; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; RESPONSIVE PROTEINS; HAPLOTYPE STRUCTURE; CONTROLLING GROWTH AB Nucleotide diversity in eight genes related to wood formation was investigated in two pine species, Pinus pinaster and P. radiata. The nucleotide diversity patterns observed and their properties were compared between the two species according to the specific characteristics of the samples analysed. A lower diversity was observed in P. radiata compared with P. pinaster. In particular, for two genes (Pp1, a glycin-rich protein homolog and CesA3, a cellulose synthase) the magnitude of the reduction of diversity potentially indicates the action of nonneutral factors. For both, particular patterns of nucleotide diversity were observed in P. pinaster (high genetic differentiation for Pp1 and close to zero differentiation associated with positive Tajima's D-value for CesA3). In addition, KORRIGAN, a gene involved in cellulose-hemicellulose assembly, demonstrated a negative Tajima's D-value in P. radiata accompanied by a high genetic differentiation in P. pinaster. The consistency of the results obtained at the nucleotide level, together with the physiological roles of the genes analysed, indicate their potential susceptibility to artificial and/or natural selection. C1 INRA, UMR BIOGECO 1202, F-33612 Cestas, France. CIRAD, UMR PIA 1096, F-34398 Montpellier, France. Cell Wall Biotechnol Ctr, Forest Res Inst, Rotorua, New Zealand. Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Saucier, MS USA. RP Plomion, C (reprint author), INRA, UMR BIOGECO 1202, 69 Route Archachon, F-33612 Cestas, France. EM plomion@pierroton.inra.fr RI Echt, Craig/H-4684-2012; plomion, christophe/F-7578-2013 OI Echt, Craig/0000-0001-9330-4051; NR 77 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 167 IS 1 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01417.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 932VF UT WOS:000229581600012 PM 15948834 ER PT J AU Lovelock, CE Ewel, JJ AF Lovelock, CE Ewel, JJ TI Links between tree species, symbiotic fungal diversity and ecosystem functioning in simplified tropical ecosystems SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Acaulospora morrowiae; Acaulospora scrobiculata; Acaulospora spinosa; arbuscular mycorrihzas; Cedrela odorata; Cordia alliodora; Hyeronima alchorneoides; tropical trees ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PLANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HYACINTHOIDES NON-SCRIPTA; NUTRIENT-USE EFFICIENCY; GROWTH-RESPONSES; FOREST; PRODUCTIVITY; MODEL; SEEDLINGS; PATTERNS AB We studied the relationships among plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal diversity, and their effects on ecosystem function, in a series of replicate tropical forestry plots in the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Forestry plots were 12 yr old and were either monocultures of three tree species, or polycultures of the tree species with two additional understory species. Relationships among the AM fungal spore community, host species, plant community diversity and ecosystem phosphorus-use efficiency (PUE) and net primary productivity (NPP) were assessed. Analysis of the relative abundance of AM fungal spores found that host tree species had a significant effect on the AM fungal community, as did host plant community diversity (monocultures vs polycultures). The Shannon diversity index of the AM fungal spore community differed significantly among the three host tree species, but was not significantly different between monoculture and polyculture plots. Over all the plots, significant positive relationships were found between AM fungal diversity and ecosystem NPP, and between AM fungal community evenness and PUE. Relative abundance of two of the dominant AM fungal species also showed significant correlations with NPP and PUE. We conclude that the AM fungal community composition in tropical forests is sensitive to host species, and provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that the diversity of AM fungi in tropical forests and ecosystem NPP covaries. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM c.lovelock@uq.edu.au RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012 OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855 NR 55 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 167 IS 1 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01402.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 932VF UT WOS:000229581600022 PM 15948844 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Rubio, SA Piedrahita, RH Rimando, AM AF Schrader, KK Rubio, SA Piedrahita, RH Rimando, AM TI Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol cause off-flavors in cultured largemouth bass and white sturgeon reared in recirculating-water systems SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CATFISH; PONDS; FISH AB Earthy and musty off-flavors were present in the fillets of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus grown in partial water-recirculating aquaculture systems. Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in the flesh of these fish caused these off-flavors. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kschrader@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1577/A04-070.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 949GG UT WOS:000230772500002 ER PT J AU Davis, KB Simco, BA Silverstein, JT AF Davis, KB Simco, BA Silverstein, JT TI Relationship of gonadal development to body size and plasma sex hormone concentrations in female channel catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; AMAGO-SALMON; MATURATION; GROWTH AB Most channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus do not spawn until age 3, which makes the process of genetic selection for desired characteristics time consuming. A simple method for identifying earlier-maturing fish would speed up the selection process. Two- and three-year-old females (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA]-103 strain) were used to correlate body weight and plasma sex hormone concentrations with gonadal development. We also examined the potential of reducing the time to maturation with exogenous estrogen. The USDA-103 females are known to spawn at age 2 in a higher percentage than other strains. The body weight of 2-year-old USDA-103 females ranged from 436 to 884 g, and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) ranged from 0.34% to 6.64%. A population of 2-year-old USDA-103 fish that had been hormonally sex-reversed to females (SR103) weighed from 400 to 1,400 g and had GSIs ranging from 1% to 10%. Three-year-old SR103 females weighed from 1,300 to 2,800 g and had GSIs ranging from 2% to 14%. Only about 10% of the 2-year-old SR103 females had GSI values similar to the expected level for fish ready to spawn. Plasma estrogen concentration was a more reliable predictor of GSI than was body weight. Body size was significantly correlated with GSI in 2-year-old USDA-103 and SR103 females but not in 3-year-old SR103 fish; plasma estrogen was highly correlated with GSI in fish of both ages. Plasma estrogen, testosterone, and GSI were markedly lower in 2-year-old fish than in 3-year-old fish in both populations of USDA females. Oral administration of estrogen to 2-year-old USDA-103 females increased plasma estrogen but did not increase ovarian development. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72106 USA. Univ Memphis, Ecol Res Ctr, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Res Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Davis, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72106 USA. EM kbdavis@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1577/A04-066.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 949GG UT WOS:000230772500012 ER PT J AU Meydani, A Ahmed, T Meydani, SN AF Meydani, A Ahmed, T Meydani, SN TI Aging, nutritional status, and infection in the developing world SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE elderly; undernutrition; immune senescence; infection; developing world ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; HEALTHY ELDERLY SUBJECTS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; TRACE-ELEMENT SUPPLEMENTATION; BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION; NURSING-HOME; DELAYED-HYPERSENSITIVITY; ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES AB The fast rate of increase in the number of older people in less-developed countries threatens to further strain the limited health resources of these countries. However, very little is known about their health status and the risk factors that contribute to it. In this article, we review the burden of infectious diseases in elderly people in less-developed countries, discuss the contribution of nutrition and immune response to morbidity and mortality identify gaps in current knowledge, and suggest strategies to address this fast-growing public health problem. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu NR 99 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 63 IS 7 BP 233 EP 246 DI 10.1301/nr.2005.jul.223-246 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 946KA UT WOS:000230569700002 PM 16121477 ER PT J AU Huang, TTK Roberts, SB Howarth, NC McCrory, MA AF Huang, TTK Roberts, SB Howarth, NC McCrory, MA TI Effect of screening out implausible energy intake reports on relationships between diet and BMI SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE energy intake; underreporting; energy requirement; eating patterns; adults ID MULTIPLE-PASS METHOD; FOOD-INTAKE; WEIGHT; WOMEN; HEALTH; OBESE; FAT; MEN; DETERMINANTS; ASSOCIATIONS AB Objective: We present an updated method for identifying physiologically implausible dietary reports by comparing reported energy intake (rEI) with predicted energy requirements (pER), and we examine the impact of excluding these reports. Research Methods and Procedures: Adult data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994 to 1996 were used. pER was calculated from the dietary reference intake equations. Within-subject variations and errors in rEI [coefficient of variation (CV) approximate to 23%] over 2 days (d), pER (CV approximate to 11%), and measured total energy expenditure (mTEE; doubly labeled water, CV approximate to 8.2%) were propagated, where +/- 1 SD = root C-V-rEI(2)/d+ CV2 (pER) + CV2 mTEE = +/- 22%. Thus, a report was identified as implausible if rEI was not within 78% to 122% of pER. Multiple cut-offs between +/- 1 and 2 SD were tested. Results: %rEI/pER = 81% in the total sample (n = 6499) and progressively increased to 95% in the +/- 1 SD sample (n = 2685). The +/- 1 to 1.4 SD samples yielded rEI-weight associations closest to the theoretical relationship (mTEE to weight). Weak or spurious diet-BMI associations were present in the total sample; +/- 1 to 1.4 SD samples showed the strongest set of associations and provided the maximum n while maintaining biological plausibility. Discussion: Our methodology can be applied to different data sets to evaluate the impact of implausible rEIs on health outcomes. Implausible rEIs reduce the overall validity of a sample, and not excluding them may lead to inappropriate conclusions about potential dietary causes of health outcomes such as obesity. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP McCrory, MA (reprint author), Bastyr Univ, Sch Nutr & Exercise Sci, 14500 Juanita Dr NE, Kenmore, WA 98028 USA. EM mmccrory@bastyr.edu NR 35 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 6 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1205 EP 1217 DI 10.1038/oby.2005.143 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 955GE UT WOS:000231212800012 PM 16076990 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Martin, RE Smith, HT Woolard, J Crady, CK Shwiff, SA Constantin, B Stahl, M Griner, J AF Engeman, RM Martin, RE Smith, HT Woolard, J Crady, CK Shwiff, SA Constantin, B Stahl, M Griner, J TI Dramatic reduction in predation on marine turtle nests through improved predator monitoring and management SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Armadillo; endangered species; Florida; marine turtle; population index; predator management; raccoon ID POPULATIONS; DENSITY; PARK AB We describe improvements to monitoring/indexing methodology for predators of marine turtle nests on the east coast of Florida, and the resulting marine turtle conservation implications from integrating the methodology into predator management. A strip transect from dune line to the shore improved an already successful design for monitoring raccoons, and was also sensitive for armadillos. The data were integrated into predator management operations to effectively and efficiently remove the species responsible for turtle nest predation. Tracking plot data also served to validate predator patterns of behavior relative to turtle nesting and improve prospects for preventive predator management strategies. Perhaps the most important finding is that predation at a beach historically suffering nearly complete losses (95%) of marine turtle nests had nest predation reduced to nominal levels (9.4%). For 2002 this predation level represents an estimated 69,000 additional hatchling turtles produced over historical predation rates, and 16,700 additional hatchlings over the previous lowest predation rate. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Ecol Associates Inc, Jensen Beach, FL 34958 USA. Florida Dept environm Protect, Florida Pk Serv, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. Hobe Sound NWR, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. St Lucie Inlet Preserve State Pk, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JUL PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 318 EP 326 DI 10.1017/S0030605305000876 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 961GG UT WOS:000231649300019 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Heaney, RP Holick, MF Lips, P Meunier, PJ Vieth, R AF Dawson-Hughes, B Heaney, RP Holick, MF Lips, P Meunier, PJ Vieth, R TI Estimates of optimal vitamin D status SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE older men and women; serum level of 25(OH)D; vitamin D status ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; D SUPPLEMENTATION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ELDERLY-WOMEN; D INSUFFICIENCY; PARATHYROID FUNCTION; HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; ORAL VITAMIN-D-3; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CLINICAL-TRIAL AB Vitamin D has captured attention as an important determinant of bone health, but there is no common definition of optimal vitamin D status. Herein, we address the question: What is the optimal circulating level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] for the skeleton? The opinions of the authors on the minimum level of serum 25(OH)D that is optimal for fracture prevention varied between 50 and 80 nmol/l. However, for five of the six authors, the minimum desirable 25(OH)D concentration clusters between 70 and 80 nmol/l. The authors recognize that the average older man and woman will need intakes of at least 20 to 25 mcg (800 to 1,000 IU) per day of vitamin D-3 to reach a serum 25(OH)D level of 75 nmol/l. Based on the available evidence, we believe that if older men and women maintain serum levels of 25(OH)D that are higher than the consensus median threshold of 75 nmol/l, they will be at lower risk of fracture. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. VU Univ Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Fac R Laennec, Lyon, France. Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Med & Pathobiol Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada. Mt Sinai Hosp, Bone & Mineral & Lab, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Bone Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Bess.Dawson-Hughes@Tufts.edu OI Holick, Michael/0000-0001-6023-9062 NR 38 TC 977 Z9 1043 U1 4 U2 48 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 16 IS 7 BP 713 EP 716 DI 10.1007/s00198-005-1867-7 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 940WE UT WOS:000230175800001 PM 15776217 ER PT J AU Toler, TR Evans, EW Tepedino, VJ AF Toler, TR Evans, EW Tepedino, VJ TI Pan-trapping for bees (Hymenoptera : Apiformes) in Utah's West Desert: the importance of color diversity SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Apiformes; native bees; pan traps; species richness; color preference; Great Basin; survey technique ID PREFERENCES; TRAPS AB We used pan traps in three colors (blue, yellow, white) to sample the bee fauna on five sand dune Sites on military lands in the western desert of Utah. Our primary objectives were to 1) compare bee species richness and similarity among the three colors; 2) test for an association between bee numbers and distribution across bowl colors; 3) examine the effect of background bloom color on pan trap color preference. We found the colors to be equivalent in the numbers of bee species captured: each color captured about two-thirds of the 84 total species recorded with an average similarity between colors of about 0.70 (Sorenson Index). Average similarity among colors was much higher (0.93) when only abundant species were considered. All bee species represented by sufficient numbers displayed significant color preferences. Each color was preferred by at least one species. We found no indication that the prevalent color of flowers in bloom during each site-week had an effect on occurrence in pan traps. Our results suggest that a single color for pan traps (e.g., yellow pan traps) can provide reasonable estimates of relative species richness of bees over time and space. However, those seeking to exhaustively enumerate the bee fauna of an area using pan traps should employ a diversity of colors to ensure capturing uncommon species with color preferences. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, UMC 5305, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Toler, TR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, UMC 5305, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM trent@biology.usu.edu; ewevans@biology.usu.edu; andrena@biology.usu.edu NR 17 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 39 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 81 IS 3-4 BP 103 EP 113 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 007OT UT WOS:000234979700001 ER PT J AU Reed, HC Landolt, PJ AF Reed, HC Landolt, PJ TI Late season polygynous Vespula pensylvanica (Hymenoptera : Vespidae) colonies in a northern temperate area SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE wasps; yellowjacket; Vespidae; Hymenoptera; behavior; polygyny; social insects ID WASP; REPRODUCTION; PLASTICITY; CALIFORNIA; GERMANICA; NESTS; CYCLE AB Two colonies of the western yellowjacket, Vespula pensylvanica (de Saussure, 1857), were active later in the fall and early winter than expected for eastern Washington State. Nest analyses revealed that both colonies were not perennial and were within the size range for typical colonies in the area, but contained multiple queens with developed eggs. Vespine wasp colonies are usually monogynous, and when polygyny occurs it is usually in large perennial colonies in mild temperate or subtropical regions. This report is only the second case of polygyny in any Vespula colony in a northern temperate distribution. An explanatory hypothesis might be that late- season polygyny through re-queening of annual colonies may be an alternate reproductive strategy of newly emerged queens; extending the production of gynes in an established colony following the demise of the foundress queen, instead of overwintering to found a new colony in the spring. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Reed, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 81 IS 3-4 BP 164 EP 170 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 007OT UT WOS:000234979700008 ER PT J AU Caron, L Brum, MCS Moraes, MP Golde, WI Arns, CW Grubman, MJ AF Caron, L Brum, MCS Moraes, MP Golde, WI Arns, CW Grubman, MJ TI Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor does not increase the potency or efficacy of a foot-and-mouth disease virus subunit vaccine SO PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA LA English DT Article DE foot-and-mouth disease virus 01Campos; adenovirus; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ID EXPRESSING CAPSID PROTEINS; PRECURSOR POLYPEPTIDE P1; HUMAN ADENOVIRUS TYPE-5; HUMAN CELL-LINE; GM-CSF; DNA VACCINATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; FACTOR GENE AB Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most feared diseases of livestock worldwide. Vaccination has been a very effective weapon in controlling the disease, however a number of concerns with the current vaccine including the inability of approved diagnostic tests to reliably distinguish vaccinated from infected animals and the need for high containment facilities for vaccine production, have limited its use during outbreaks in countries previously free of the disease. A number of FMD vaccine candidates have been tested and a replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector containing the FMDV capsid (P1-2A) and 3C protease coding regions has been shown to completely protect pigs against challenge with the homologous virus (FMDV A12 and A24). An Ad5-P1-2A+3C vaccine for FMDV O1 Campos (Ad5-01C), however, only induced a low FMDV-specific neutralizing antibody response in swine potency tests. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been successfully used to stimulate the immune response in vaccine formulations against a number of diseases, including HIV, hepatitis C and B. To attempt to improve the FMDV-specific immune response induced by Ad5-O1C, we inoculated swine with Ad5O1C and an Ad5 vector containing the gene for porcine GM-CSF (pGM-CSF). However, in the conditions used in this trial, pGM-CSF did not improve the immune response to Ad5-O1C and adversely affected the level of protection of swine challenged with homologous FMDV. C1 USDA ARS, PIADC FMD Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, PIADC FMD Res Unit, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM mgrubman@piadc.ars.usda.gov RI Arns, Clarice/F-2762-2015 OI Arns, Clarice/0000-0002-7308-460X NR 49 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU REVISTA PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA PI RIO JANEIRO PA EMBRAPA-SAUDE ANIMAL, KM47 SEROPEDICA, 23851-970 RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SN 0100-736X J9 PESQUISA VET BRASIL JI Pesqui. Vet. Bras. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 150 EP 158 DI 10.1590/S0100-736X2005000300005 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 980IU UT WOS:000233013000005 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Johnson, BJ Pantone, DJ Wax, LM Hine, R Shier, WT AF Abbas, HK Johnson, BJ Pantone, DJ Wax, LM Hine, R Shier, WT TI Response of multiple seeded cocklebur and other cocklebur types to herbicide treatment SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE common cocklebur; Xanthium strumarium; cocklebur biotype; multiple seeded cocklebur; Alternaria helianthi; biological control; chemical control; formulation ID XANTHIUM-STRUMARIUM BIOTYPES; COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; SOYBEANS GLYCINE-MAX; ALTERNARIA-HELIANTHI; WEED-CONTROL; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; REDUCED RATES; IMAZAQUIN; COMPETITION; RESISTANT AB Multiple seeded cocklebur has been found in the last decade in Texas, and described as a biotype of Xanthium strumarium L with up to 25 seeds per bur instead of the usual two. The multiple seeded bur typically produces up to nine seedlings, causing concern that it may be harder to control than normal seeded common cocklebur. The efficacies of a series of fungal and conventional commercial herbicides have been compared in the greenhouse on seedlings of multiple seeded cocklebur from Texas (MSC-TX) and normal common cockleburs from Texas (NCC-TX), Arkansas (NCC-AR), Illinois (NCC-ILL) and two from Mississippi (NCC-MS#l, NCC-MS#2). Three measures of herbicidal activity (reductions in plant height and dry weight, and mortality) were used. The fungal herbicide Alternaria helianthi (Hansf) Tubaki & Nishihara at 1 x 10(5) conidia ml(-1) + 2 g liter(-1) Silwet L-77 with an 8-h dew period was an effective herbicide with all biotypes, as were the commercial chemical herbicides chlorimuron (14.8 g ha(-1)), imazaquin (29.6 g ha(-1)), sodium hydrogen methylarsonate (MSMA; 279.1 g ha(-1)) and imazethapyr (39.5 g ha(-1)). The membrane-disrupting organic arsenical MSMA was effective with all biotypes, whereas commercial chemical herbicides which act by inhibiting branched-chain amino acid synthesis (chlorimuron, imazaquin and imazethapyr) were less effective against normal seeded common cocklebur biotypes with short stature. These studies showed that multiple seeded cocklebur was at least as susceptible to the biological agent A helianthi and to the conventional commercial herbicides studied as were normal seeded cockleburs, suggesting that existing methods should be adequate to control this novel biotype. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry C1 USDA ARS, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Simpson, IL 62985 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM habbas@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 61 IS 7 BP 643 EP 648 DI 10.1002/ps.1033 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 938BC UT WOS:000229973900004 PM 15712354 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Holmes, MJ Hart, A Kohler, DJ Stahl, RS AF Johnston, JJ Holmes, MJ Hart, A Kohler, DJ Stahl, RS TI Probabilistic model for estimating field mortality of target and non-target bird populations when simultaneously exposed to avicide bait SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE probabilistic risk assessment; model; CPTH; DRC-1339; 3-chloro-4-methylaniline; blackbird; toxicity ID SOUTH-DAKOTA; TOXICITY; DRC-1339 AB A probabilistic model was developed to estimate target and non-target avian mortality associated with the application of the avicide CPTH (3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride) to minimize sprouting rice damage in the southern USA. CPTH exposures for individual birds were predicted by random sampling from species-specific non-parametric distributions of bait seed consumption and CPTH residues detected on individual bait seeds. Mortality was predicted from the species-specific exposure versus mortality relationship. Individual variations in this response were captured in the model by Monte Carlo sampling from species-specific distributions of slopes and median toxicity values (LD50) for each bird. The model was used to simultaneously predict mortality (percentage of exposed population and number of birds killed/weight of consumed bait) for a target (blackbird) and non-target (mourning dove) species feeding on bait sites for up to five consecutive days. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry C1 USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. DEFRA, Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. RP Johnston, JJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.j.johnston@aphis.usda.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 61 IS 7 BP 649 EP 659 DI 10.1002/ps.1040 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 938BC UT WOS:000229973900005 PM 15747324 ER PT J AU Evens, TJ Niedz, RP AF Evens, T. J. Niedz, R. P. TI RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR THE EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF ALGAL MEDIA: A FORAY INTO STATISTICAL DESIGN AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Evens, T. J.; Niedz, R. P.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM tevens@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 MA 74 BP 31 EP 32 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V81JZ UT WOS:000205501500075 ER PT J AU Lankford, SE Adams, TE Miller, RA Cech, JJ AF Lankford, SE Adams, TE Miller, RA Cech, JJ TI The cost of chronic stress: Impacts of a nonhabituating stress response on metabolic variables and swimming performance in sturgeon SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; CHINOOK SALMON; GREEN STURGEON; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; RESPIRATORY METABOLISM; HEPATOCYTE METABOLISM; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-ALBUS; CONFINEMENT STRESS AB Metabolic scope for activity (MSA) and critical swimming velocity (U(crit)) were measured in green sturgeon exposed to two stressors daily for 28 consecutive days. The results were compared with unstressed fish in an effort to measure the "cost" of chronic stress. Chronic stress was simulated by exposing fish to a randomized order of acute stressors: a 5-min chasing stressor, a 10-min water depth reduction stressor, or a 5-min confinement stressor. The acute cortisol response to each stressor was initially determined, and the maintenance of that response was verified in 7-d intervals during the chronic stress regime. Exposure to the chronic stress regime resulted in a 25% reduction of MSA caused by significantly increased maintenance metabolic rate (0.27 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.02 mg O(2) h(-1) g(-1), chronic and control fish, respectively) but did not affect the U(crit) of sturgeon. In addition, a 50% reduction in liver glycogen levels and a twofold increase of resting plasma glucose levels were measured in chronically stressed fish. We conclude that our chronic stress regime resulted in a significant maintenance cost to green sturgeon, possibly because of their inability to habituate to the stressors, but did not decrease their swimming performance. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lankford, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM slankford@nccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 78 IS 4 BP 599 EP 609 DI 10.1086/430687 PG 11 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 938DE UT WOS:000229979300013 PM 15957114 ER PT J AU Gronwald, JW Plaisance, KL Marimanikkuppam, S Ostrowski, BG AF Gronwald, JW Plaisance, KL Marimanikkuppam, S Ostrowski, BG TI Tagetitoxin purification and partial characterization SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tagetitoxin; Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis; bacterial toxin ID SYRINGAE PV-TAGETIS; PSEUDOMONAS AB Tagetitoxin is a non-host specific toxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis in host species of the Asteraceae family and in liquid culture by certain strains of the bacterium. A purification protocol involving anion exchange and partition chromatography was developed that yielded tagetitoxin purified to homogeneity. Based on dilution end-point (nanograms injected in 50 mu L that caused just detectable apical chlorosis in sunflower seedlings), the protocol resulted in a 2200-fold purification of tagetitoxin. The dilution end-point of purified tagititoxin was 10 ng/50 mu L (295 nM) and the I-50 for inhibition of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase was 0.1 mu g/mL (147 nM). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in 50% methanol:H2O indicated that the molecular weight of tagetitoxin is 678. Preliminary characterization of tagetitoxin structure was performed using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate that the previously proposed structure of tagetitoxin [Mitchell RE, Coddington JM, Young H. A revised structure for tagetitoxin. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Biophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Gronwald, JW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gronw001@umn.edu NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 67 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2005.09.002 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 010ZW UT WOS:000235238400004 ER PT J AU Seong, K Hou, ZM Tracy, M Kistler, HC Xu, JR AF Seong, K Hou, ZM Tracy, M Kistler, HC Xu, JR TI Random insertional mutagenesis identifies genes associated with virulence in the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE auxotrophic mutant; cystathionine; Gibberefla zeae; methionine ID ENZYME-MEDIATED INTEGRATION; PROTEIN BETA-SUBUNIT; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; METHIONINE SYNTHASE; PATHOGENICITY GENES; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; BIOSYNTHETIC GENE; REDUCED VIRULENCE; DISEASE AB Fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen of small grains and maize in many areas of the world. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of F graminearum pathogenesis, we used the restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI) approach to generate random insertional mutants. Eleven pathogenicity mutants were identified by screening 6,500 hygromycin-resistant transformants. Genetic analyses indicated that the defects in plant infection were tagged by the transforming vector in six of these mutants. In mutant M8, the transforming plasmid was integrated 110-bp upstream from the start codon of the cystathionine betalyase gene (CBL1). Gene replacement mutants deleted for CBL1 and the methionine synthase gene MSY1 were also obtained. Both the cbl1 and msy1 deletion mutants were methionine auxotrophic and significantly reduced in virulence on corn silks and wheat heads. We also identified genes disrupted by the transforming DNA in three other REMI mutants exhibiting reduced virulence. In mutants M68, the transforming vectors were inserted in the NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase. The putative b-ZIP transcription factor gene and the transducin beta-subunit-like gene disrupted in mutants M7 and M75, respectively, had no known homologs in filamentous fungi and were likely to be novel fungal virulence factors. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Xu, JR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jinrong@purdue.edu NR 49 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2005 VL 95 IS 7 BP 744 EP 750 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0744 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 939BQ UT WOS:000230047600003 PM 18943005 ER PT J AU Oelke, LM Kolmer, JA AF Oelke, LM Kolmer, JA TI Genetics of leaf rust resistance in spring wheat cultivars alsen and norm SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE durable resistance; P. recondita f. sp tritici; specific resistance ID F-SP TRITICI; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; STEM RUST; INHERITANCE; FRONTANA AB Alsen is a recently released spring wheat cultivar that has been widely grown in the United States because it has resistance to Fusarium head blight and leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. Norm is a high yielding wheat cultivar that has been very resistant to leaf rust since it was released. Alsen and Norm were genetically examined to determine the number and identity of the leaf rust resistance genes present ill both wheats. The two cultivars were crossed with leaf rust susceptible cv. Thatcher and F-1 plants were backcrossed to Thatcher. Eighty one and seventy three BCF1 of Thatcher x Alsen and Thatcher x Norm respectively, were selfed to obtain BCF2 families. The BCF2 families were tested as seedlings with different isolates of P triticina that differed for virulence to specific leaf rust resistance genes. The BCF2 families that lacked seedling resistance were also tested as adult plants in greenhouse tests and in a field rust nursery plot. Segregation of BCF2 families indicated that Alsen had seedling genes Lr2a, Lr10, and Lr23 and adult plant genes Lr13 and Lr34. Norm was determined to have seedling genes Lr1, Lr10, Lr16, and Lr23 and adult plant genes Lr13 and Lr34. The characterization of Lr23 in the segregating populations was complicated by the presence of a suppressor gene in Thatcher and the high temperature sensitivity of resistance expression for this gene. The effective leaf rust resistance in Alsen is due to the interaction of Lr13 and Lr23, with Lr34; and the effective leaf rust resistance in Norm is due to the interaction of Lr13, Lr16, and Lr23, with Lr34. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 23 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2005 VL 95 IS 7 BP 773 EP 778 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0773 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 939BQ UT WOS:000230047600007 PM 18943009 ER PT J AU Kochian, LV Pineros, MA Hoekenga, OA AF Kochian, LV Pineros, MA Hoekenga, OA TI The physiology, genetics and molecular biology of plant aluminum resistance and toxicity SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Review DE aluminum resistance; aluminum toxicity; anion channel; organic acid exudation ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; INDUCED GROWTH-INHIBITION; RYE SECALE-CEREALE; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; FAGOPYRUM-ESCULENTUM MOENCH; CALCIUM-PERMEABLE CHANNELS; ORGANIC-ACID EXUDATION; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; SLOW ANION CHANNELS; MAIZE ROOT APEX AB Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the primary factor limiting crop production on acidic soils (pH values of 5 or below), and because 50% of the world's potentially arable lands are acidic, Al toxicity is a very important limitation to worldwide crop production. This review examines our current understanding of mechanisms of Al toxicity, as well as the physiological, genetic and molecular basis for Al resistance. Al resistance can be achieved by mechanisms that facilitate Al exclusion from the root apex (Al exclusion) and/or by mechanisms that confer the ability of plants to tolerate Al in the plant symplasm (Al tolerance). Compelling evidence has been presented in the literature for a resistance mechanism based on exclusion of Al due to Al-activated carboxylate release from the growing root tip. More recently, researchers have provided support for an additional Al-resistance mechanism involving internal detoxification of Al with carboxylate ligands (deprotonated organic acids) and the sequestration of the Al-carboxylate complexes in the vacuole. This is a field that is entering a phase of new discovery, as researchers are on the verge of identifying some of the genes that contribute to Al resistance in plants. The identification and characterization of Al resistance genes will not only greatly advance our understanding of Al-resistance mechanisms, but more importantly, will be the source of new molecular resources that researchers will use to develop improved crops better suited for cultivation on acid soils. C1 Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM LVK1@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Pineros, Miguel/0000-0002-7166-1848 NR 173 TC 287 Z9 325 U1 11 U2 100 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 2005 VL 274 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s11104-004-1158-7 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 992HW UT WOS:000233876000010 ER PT J AU Okubara, PA Paulitz, TC AF Okubara, PA Paulitz, TC TI Root defense responses to fungal pathogens: A molecular perspective SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; ethylene; ISR; jasmonate; necrotrophic fungi; rhizobacteria ID INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; ARABIDOPSIS MUTANT CEV1; TOBACCO NECROSIS VIRUS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; SALICYLIC-ACID; PLANT DEFENSE; PYTHIUM-APHANIDERMATUM; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE AB This review will focus on the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying defense responses of roots to fungal pathogens. Soil-borne pathogens, including Phytophthora, Pythium, Fusarium, and Bipolaris, represent major sources of biotic stress in the rhizosphere and roots of plants. Molecular recognition and signaling leading to effective resistance has been demonstrated to occur between host and Phytophthora, or Pythium. The hypersensitive response and apoptotic cell death, two oxidative processes that limit biotrophic pathogens, generally act to exacerbate disease symptoms induced by necrotrophic organisms. Although pathogenesis-related proteins can be expressed in roots during pathogen challenge, salicylic acid has not been implicated in root-mediated interactions. Jasmonic acid and ethylene have been found to mediate parallel as well as synergistic pathways that confer partial tolerance to necrotrophic pathogens, as well as induced systemic resistance to root and foliar pathogens. Genomics approaches are revealing new networks of defense-signaling pathways, and have the potential of elucidating those pathways that are important in root-defense responses. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Okubara, PA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM pokubara@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 91 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 2005 VL 274 IS 1-2 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s11104-004-7328-9 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 992HW UT WOS:000233876000012 ER PT J AU Schilder, AMC Erincik, O Castlebury, L Rossman, A Ellis, MA AF Schilder, AMC Erincik, O Castlebury, L Rossman, A Ellis, MA TI Characterization of Phomopsis spp. infecting grapevines in the Great Lakes region of North America SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DIAPORTHE-PERJUNCTA; AUSTRALIA AB Seventy-five isolates of Phonzopsis were obtained from grapes (Vitis spp.) with Phomopsis cane and leaf spot symptoms in Ohio, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Ontario (Canada). Four isolates from California and one from Europe were also included in the study. Isolates were grouped on the basis of DNA sequences from intron regions in the translation elongation factor 1-alpha and calmodulin genes. According to DNA sequence comparisons with the type isolate, all isolates except two (OH-48 and CAL-5) were determined to be P. viticola, confirming the etiology of this disease in the Great Lakes region, Thirty representative isolates were evaluated for mycelial growth rate in vitro, conidial size, and pathogenicity on grapevine (Vitis interspecific hybrid 'Seyval') leaves and internodes. A subsample of 13 isolates was also evaluated for pathogenicity on fruit and rachises. All isolates of P. viticola caused disease on grape but differed in virulence. Among P. viticola isolates, virulence on leaves and internodes was positively correlated, and virulence on fruit and rachises was positively correlated, but there was no relationship between ratings on vegetative versus reproductive grape tissues. Some isolates that were not virulent on leaves or internodes were highly virulent on fruit and rachises and vice versa, indicating some specialization with respect to host tissues. However, differences were mostly of a quantitative nature, which makes it difficult if not impossible to assign biotypes. Among P. viticola isolates, virulence on fruit and rachises was positively correlated with mycelial growth rate in vitro. For the two isolates that were not P viticolo, the internal transcribed spacer regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were sequenced for identification purposes. Based on the best match available in GenBank, CAL-5 was determined to be close to Diaporthe phaseolorum, while the sequence of OH-48 matched that of Phomopsis sp. from Eucommia ulmoides in China. Both isolates had shorter alpha conidia and significantly higher mycelial growth rates than the R viticola isolates, and were not or only slightly pathogenic to Vitis interspecific hybrid 'Seyval'. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA, ARS, System Bot & Mycol, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schilder, AMC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM schilder@msu.edu NR 25 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 7 BP 755 EP 762 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0755 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 939DZ UT WOS:000230053900011 ER PT J AU Martin, RR Eastwell, KC Wagner, A Lamprecht, S Tzanetakis, IE AF Martin, RR Eastwell, KC Wagner, A Lamprecht, S Tzanetakis, IE TI Survey for viruses of grapevine in Oregon and Washington SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MISSOURI VINEYARDS; CLOSTEROVIRUS AB Grapevines (Vitis spp.) in Washington and Oregon were surveyed for the prevalence of key grapevine viruses. Samples collected from 1,522 vines in Washington were tested for Rupestris stem pitting associated virus (RSPaV), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3). Tests were also conducted for GLRaV-1 and -2 on 420 samples from Washington. Two hundred forty samples collected from wine grape vineyards in Oregon were tested for GLRaV-1, -2, and -3, and an additional 2,880 samples were collected from 40 vineyards known to have high populations of Xiphinema americanum nematodes. The latter were tested for ArMV, TbRSV, and GFLV. GLRaV-1, -2, and -3 were detected in 2.6, 0.2, and 6.5% of the Washington sample, and in 3.0, 0.4, and 4.4% of the Oregon samples. RSPaV was detected in 4.6% of the samples from Washington. No ToRSV. ArMV, or GFLV was detected in any of the samples from Oregon or Washington. Transmission of field isolates of GLRaV-3 from Washington by the grape mealybug also was demonstrated. C1 USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Dept Agr, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM martinrr@science.oregonstate.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 15 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 7 BP 763 EP 766 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0763 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 939DZ UT WOS:000230053900012 ER PT J AU Paulitz, TC Schroeder, KL AF Paulitz, TC Schroeder, KL TI A new method for the quantification of Rhizoctonia solani and R. oryzae from soil SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ROOT-ROT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; INOCULUM DENSITY; WINTER-WHEAT; BARE PATCH; AG-8; PATHOGENS; DYNAMICS; TILLAGE; CEREALS AB Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG) 8 and R. oryzae are important root pathogens on wheat and barley in the dryland production areas of the inland Pacific Northwest. R. solani AG-8 is difficult to isolate from root systems and quantify in soil because of slow growth and low population densities. However, both pathogens form extensive hyphal networks in the soil and can grow a considerable distance from a food base. A quantitative assay of active hyphae was developed, using wooden toothpicks as baits inserted into sample soils. After 2 days in soil, toothpicks were placed on a selective medium, and the numbers of colonies that grew after 24 h were counted under a dissecting microscope. R. solani and R. oryzae could be distinguished from other fungi based on hyphal morphology. This method was tested in natural soils amended with known inoculum densities of R. solani AG-8 and R. oryzae. Regressions were used to compare the inoculum density or toothpick colonization curves to a predicted curve based on the volume of the toothpicks. The slopes and y intercept of log-log transformed regressions did not differ from the predicted curves in most cases. This technique was used to assess the hyphal activity of R. solani AG-8 and R. oryzae from soil cores taken from various positions in and around Rhizoctonia bare patches at two locations. Activity of R. solani was highest in the center and inside edge of the patch, but there was no effect of patch position on R. oryzae. This simple and inexpensive technique can be used for detection and diagnosis in grower fields and to study the ecology and epidemiology of Rhizoctonia spp. C1 USDA, ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 45 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 7 BP 767 EP 772 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0767 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 939DZ UT WOS:000230053900013 ER PT J AU Schneider, RW Hollier, CA Whitam, HK Palm, ME McKemy, JM Hernandez, JR Levy, L DeVries-Paterson, R AF Schneider, RW Hollier, CA Whitam, HK Palm, ME McKemy, JM Hernandez, JR Levy, L DeVries-Paterson, R TI First report of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in the continental United States. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, NIS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, PPQ, CPHST, NPGBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schneider, RW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 2 TC 173 Z9 180 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 7 BP 774 EP 774 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0774A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 939DZ UT WOS:000230053900017 ER PT J AU Ehsan, H Ray, WK Phinney, B Wang, XF Huber, SC Clouse, SD AF Ehsan, H Ray, WK Phinney, B Wang, XF Huber, SC Clouse, SD TI Interaction of Arabidopsis BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 receptor kinase with a homolog of mammalian TGF-beta receptor interacting protein SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE brassinosteroids; BRI1; BAK1; TRIP-1; receptor kinase; TGF-beta ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; COP9 SIGNALOSOME; CELL-SURFACE; GROWTH; DOMAIN; BRI1; ELONGATION AB Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development and require an active BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) receptor serine/threonine kinase for hormone perception and signal transduction. In mammals, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of polypeptides modulate numerous aspects of development and are perceived at the cell surface by a complex of type I and type II TGF-beta receptor serine/threonine kinases. TGF-beta receptor interacting protein (TRIP-1) is a cytoplasmic substrate of the TGF-beta type II receptor kinase and plays a role in TGF-beta signaling. TRIP-1 is a WD domain protein that also functions as an essential subunit of the eIF3 eukaryotic translation initiation factor in animals, yeast and plants. We previously cloned putative TRIP-1 homologs from bean and Arabidopsis and found that transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing antisense TRIP-1 RNA exhibited a broad range of developmental defects including some morphological characteristics that resemble the phenotype of BR-deficient and insensitive mutants. We now show that the BRI1 kinase domain phosphorylates Arabidopsis TRIP-1 on three specific sites in vitro (Thr-14, Thr-89 and either Thr-197 or Ser-198). Co-immunoprecipitation experiments using antibodies against TRIP-1, BRI1 and various fusion proteins strongly suggest that TRIP-1 and BRI1 also interact directly in vivo. These findings support a role for TRIP-1 in the molecular mechanisms of BR-regulated plant growth and development, possibly as a cytoplasmic substrate of the BRI1 receptor kinase. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Michigan State Univ, Michigan Proteome Consortium, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Clouse, SD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM steve_clouse@ncsu.edu RI Phinney, Brett/S-6404-2016; OI Phinney, Brett/0000-0003-3870-3302; Ehsan, Hashimul/0000-0002-4464-6765 NR 49 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02448.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 948QB UT WOS:000230729700008 PM 15998311 ER PT J AU Cazzonelli, CI Burke, J Velten, J AF Cazzonelli, CI Burke, J Velten, J TI Functional characterization of the geminiviral conserved late element (CLE) in uninfected tobacco SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AC2; CLE; luciferase; promoter; PTGS; tobacco ID TRANSIENT EXPRESSION SYSTEM; GOLDEN MOSAIC-VIRUS; LEAF-CURL-VIRUS; BINARY VECTORS; L2 PROTEINS; DNA-BINDING; GENE; SUPPRESSION; PROMOTER; PLANTS AB The conserved late element (CLE) was originally identified as an evolutionarily conserved DNA sequence present in geminiviral intergenic regions. CLE has subsequently been observed in promoter sequences of bacterial (T-DNA) and plant origin, suggesting a role in plant and plant viral gene regulation. Synthetic DNA cassettes harboring direct repeats of the CLE motif were placed upstream from a -46 to +1 minimal CaMV 35S promoter-luciferase reporter gene and reporter activity characterized in Nicotiana species during both transient and stable expression. A single direct-repeat cassette of the element (2 x CLE) enhances luciferase activity by 2-fold, independent of the element's orientation, while multiple copies of the cassette (4-12 x CLE) increases activity up to 10- to 15-fold in an additive manner. Transgenic tobacco lines containing synthetic CLE promoter constructs enhance luciferase expression in leaf, cotyledon and stem tissues, but to a lesser extent in roots. Single nucleotide substitution at six of eight positions within the CLE consensus (GTGGTCCC) eliminates CLE enhancer-like activity. It has been previously reported that CLE interacts with the AC2 protein from Pepper Huasteco Virus (PHV-AC2). PHV-AC2 (also called AL2 or C2) is a member of the transcriptional activator protein, or TrAP, gene family. In transient and stable expression systems PHV-AC2 expression was found to result in a 2-fold increase in luciferase activity, irrespective of the presence of CLE consensus sequences within the reporter's promoter. These data suggests that the PHV-AC2 protein, instead of interacting directly with CLE, functions as either a general transcriptional activator and/or a suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing. C1 ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Velten, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM jvelten@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Cazzonelli, Christopher/A-5347-2010 OI Cazzonelli, Christopher/0000-0003-3096-3193 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 58 IS 4 BP 465 EP 481 DI 10.1007/s11103-005-6589-x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 968CK UT WOS:000232139300002 PM 16021333 ER PT J AU Buchanan, CD Lim, SY Salzman, RA Kagiampakis, L Morishige, DT Weers, BD Klein, RR Pratt, LH Cordonnier-Pratt, MM Klein, PE Mullet, JE AF Buchanan, CD Lim, SY Salzman, RA Kagiampakis, L Morishige, DT Weers, BD Klein, RR Pratt, LH Cordonnier-Pratt, MM Klein, PE Mullet, JE TI Sorghum bicolor's transeriptome response to dehydration, high salinity and ABA SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABA; dehydrin; drought; gene regulation; microarray; sorghum ID LOW WATER POTENTIALS; LENGTH CDNA MICROARRAY; MONITORING EXPRESSION PROFILES; MAIZE PRIMARY ROOT; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABSCISIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; L. MOENCH; MYOINOSITOL METABOLISM AB Genome wide changes in gene expression were monitored in the drought tolerant C4 cereal Sorghum bicolor, following exposure of seedlings to high salinity (150 mM NaCl), osmotic stress (20% polyethylene glycol) or abscisic acid (125 mu M ABA). A sorghum cDNA microarray providing data on 12 982 unique gene clusters was used to examine gene expression in roots and shoots at 3- and 27-h post-treatment. Expression of similar to 2200 genes, including 174 genes with currently unknown functions, of which a subset appear unique to monocots and/or sorghum, was altered in response to dehydration, high salinity or ABA. The modulated sorghum genes had homology to proteins involved in regulation, growth, transport, membrane/protein turnover/repair, metabolism, dehydration protection, reactive oxygen scavenging, and plant defense. Real-time PCR was used to quantify changes in relative mRNA abundance for 333 genes that responded to ABA, NaCl or osmotic stress. Osmotic stress inducible sorghum genes identified for the first time included a beta-expansin expressed in shoots, actin depolymerization factor, inositol-3-phosphate synthase, a non-C4 NADP-malic enzyme, oleosin, and three genes homologous to 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase that may be involved in ABA biosynthesis. Analysis of response profiles demonstrated the existence of a complex gene regulatory network that differentially modulates gene expression in a tissue- and kinetic-specific manner in response to ABA, high salinity and water deficit. Modulation of genes involved in signal transduction, chromatin structure, transcription, translation and RNA metabolism contributes to sorghum's overlapping but nonetheless distinct responses to ABA, high salinity, and osmotic stress. Overall, this study provides a foundation of information on sorghum's osmotic stress responsive gene complement that will accelerate follow up biochemical, QTL and comparative studies. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mullet, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jmullet@tamu.edu NR 97 TC 127 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 699 EP 720 DI 10.1007/s11103-005-7876-2 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 973XK UT WOS:000232555700008 PM 16158244 ER PT J AU Block, A Schmelz, E O'Donnell, PJ Jones, JB Klee, HJ AF Block, A Schmelz, E O'Donnell, PJ Jones, JB Klee, HJ TI Systemic acquired tolerance to virulent bacterial pathogens in tomato SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMPESTRIS PV. VESICATORIA; SALICYLIC-ACID; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; INDUCED RESISTANCE; PLANT-PATHOGEN; ETHYLENE; ARABIDOPSIS; DEFENSE AB Recent studies on the interactions between plants and pathogenic microorganisms indicate that the processes of disease symptom development and pathogen growth can be uncoupled. Thus, in many instances, the symptoms associated with disease represent an active host response to the presence of a pathogen. These host responses are frequently mediated by phytohormones. For example, ethylene and salicylic acid (SA) mediate symptom development but do not influence bacterial growth in the interaction between tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and virulent Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (Xcv). It is not apparent why extensive tissue death is integral to a defense response if it does not have the effect of limiting pathogen proliferation. One possible function for this hormone-mediated response is to induce a systemic defense response. We therefore assessed the systemic responses of tomato to Xcv. SA- and ethylene-deficient transgenic lines were used to investigate the roles of these phytohormones in systemic signaling. Virulent and avirulent Xcv did induce a systemic response as evidenced by expression of defense-associated pathogenesis-related genes in an ethylene- and SA- dependent manner. This systemic response reduced cell death but not bacterial growth during subsequent challenge with virulent Xcv. This systemic acquired tolerance (SAT) consists of reduced tissue damage in response to secondary challenge with a virulent pathogen with no effect upon pathogen growth. SAT was associated with a rapid ethylene and pathogenesis-related gene induction upon challenge. SAT was also induced by infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato. These data show that SAT resembles systemic acquired resistance without inhibition of pathogen growth. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Klee, HJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hjklee@ifas.ufl.edu RI Klee, Harry/A-7912-2008; OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 138 IS 3 BP 1481 EP 1490 DI 10.1104/pp.105.059246 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 944GM UT WOS:000230414800028 PM 15937273 ER PT J AU Meisner, C Welch, R Duxbury, JM Lauren, JG AF Meisner, C Welch, R Duxbury, JM Lauren, JG TI Making a greener revolution: A nutrient delivery system for food production to address malnutrition through crop science SO PLANT PRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Asian Crop Science Conference (5ACSC) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Crop Sci Soc Japan DE cereal production; crop science; malnutrition; nutrients; rickets ID RICKETS; CHILDREN AB During the 1970s, the Green Revolution basically used dwarfing genes in wheat and rice that allowed greater water and fertilizer efficiency which dramatically increased the cereal productivity and thus, increased human caloric intake of the developing world. However, having met caloric intake, there is a need to address the issues of malnutrition through a holistic food production system. For example Ca-deficient induced rickets was found in 9% of children in SE Bangladesh, illustrating the failure of that food production system to address this vital nutrient, calcium. A clinical trial has shown a minimum of increase in calcium intake of 250 mg Ca per child per day was enough to prevent rickets. In Bangladesh, a consortium of universities and other medical institutions and the International Center for Wheat and Maize Improvement (CIMMYT) has developed strategies to infuse calcium within the food delivery system. For treatment of ricketic children, a strategy was developed to use live and video drama to create community awareness of the production and/or consumption of high-calicum crops/food and calcium supplement added to the cooking rice (in this case, highly edible CaCO3 readily available throughout the country). Though this represents a very specific case study, this is a useful example of how collaboration based around crop science can address the 'hidden' hunger of malnutrition throughout the world. C1 Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Dhaka, Bangladesh. USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soils, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Meisner, C (reprint author), Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Dhaka, Bangladesh. EM rmw1@cornell.edu; jmd17@cornell.edu; jgl@cornell.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA UNIV TOKYO-FACULTY AGRICULTURE BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 1343-943X J9 PLANT PROD SCI JI Plant. Prod. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 SI SI BP 326 EP 329 DI 10.1626/pps.8.326 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 950JU UT WOS:000230854200011 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Williams, TG Wong, DWS Robertson, GH AF Lee, CC Williams, TG Wong, DWS Robertson, GH TI An episomal expression vector for screening mutant gene libraries in Pichia pastoris SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE Pichia pastoris; episomal expression vector ID PROTEIN EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; YEAST; GLYCOSYLATION; EVOLUTION; PROMOTER; SYSTEM AB Screening mutant gene libraries for isolating improved enzyme variants is a powerful technique that benefits from effective and reliable biological expression systems. Pichia pastoris is a very useful organism to express proteins that,h are inactive in other hosts such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cercvisiae. However, most P. pastoris expression plasmids are designed to integrate into the host chromosome and hence are not as amenable to high-throughput screening projects. We have designed a P. pastoris expression vector, pBGP1, incorporating an autonomous replication sequence that allows the plasmid to exist as an episomal element. This vector contains the alpha-factor signal sequence to direct secretion of the mutant enzymes. Expression of the genes is driven by the constitutive GAP promoter, thus eliminating the need for timed or cell density-specific inductions. The pBGP1 plasmid was used to screen a xylanase gene library to isolate higher activity mutants. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, CC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM clee@pw.usda.gov NR 16 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD JUL PY 2005 VL 54 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.plasmid.2004.12.001 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 933RD UT WOS:000229649700007 PM 15907541 ER PT J AU Hagenmaier, RD AF Hagenmaier, RD TI A comparison of ethane, ethylene and CO2 peel permeance for fruit with different coatings SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE candelilla wax; respiration rate; polyethylene wax AB Oranges, bell peppers and apples were treated with different coatings, and measurements were made of gas permeance through the peel. Shellac and wood resin coatings reduced ethane permeance of orange and apple peels by approximately 95% from the values for non-coated peel, and carnauba wax coatings gave about 85% reduction. The experimental procedure enabled us to make multiple measurements on the individual fruit CO2 and ethylene production, internal gas concentrations and permeance. These measurements showed that some individual fruit were atypical in terms Of CO2 and ethylene production or permeance. Application of coatings resulted in some fruit having markedly high values of internal CO2 and low O-2. High-barrier coatings not only caused large decreases in internal O-2 and increases in CO2; but these also resulted in much larger variation in internal gas concentrations in different individual fruit with the same coating, much larger than the variation between different individual non-coated fruit. Because fruit quality is much dependent on internal gas concentrations, this means that high-barrier coatings result in fruit with higher variation in product quality. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, SAA Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Hagenmaier, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SAA Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM hagenmaier@citrus.usda.gov NR 12 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.02.012 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 946PL UT WOS:000230584400006 ER PT J AU Thitaram, SN Chung, CH Day, DF Hinton, A Bailey, JS Siragusa, GR AF Thitaram, SN Chung, CH Day, DF Hinton, A Bailey, JS Siragusa, GR TI Isomaltooligosaccharide increases cecal Bifidobacterium population in young broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE isomaltooligosaccharide; Bifidobacterium; broiler chicken; colonization; competitive exclusion ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; ANTIMICROBIAL GROWTH PROMOTERS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION; MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; FOOD ANIMALS; ASSOCIATION; RESISTANCE; BACTERIA AB A newly developed compound derived by fermentation, isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), was hypothesized to enrich cecal bifidobacterial populations and reduce colonization levels of Salmonella in the ceca of broiler chickens. Broiler starter diets were prepared with final IMO concentrations of 1 % (wt/wt), 2 % (wt/wt), and 4 % (wt/wt) and a control diet without IMO supplementation. Chickens were divided into 4 groups and challenged with 108 cell of Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium with 200 mu g/mL nalidixic acid resistant (S. Typhimurium Nalr) after 7 d of placement. The experiment was done in 3 replications. IMO-supplemented diets resulted in significantly higher cecal bifidobacteria compared with the control diet (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in bifidobacteria counts among the treatment groups. Chickens fed diets with 1 % IMO had a significant 2-log reduction in the level of inoculated S. Typhimurium Nalr (P < 0.05) present in the ceca compared with the control group, but no differences were found between the control group and the groups fed 2 or 4 % IMO for S. Typhimurium Nalr. No differences in feed consumption, feed conversion, or feed efficiency compared with the control group were observed; however, the result showed a significant reduction in weight for birds fed 1 % IMO diet compared with those fed the control diet. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Audubon Sugar Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Siragusa, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd,Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM siragusa@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 84 IS 7 BP 998 EP 1003 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 939BR UT WOS:000230047700003 PM 16050115 ER PT J AU Carew, L McMurtry, J Alster, F AF Carew, L McMurtry, J Alster, F TI Effects of lysine deficiencies on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors I and II, liver and body weights, and feed intake in growing chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler chick; insulin-like growth factor; liver weight; lysine deficiency; thyroid hormone ID ESSENTIAL AMINO-ACIDS; IGF-I; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; METHIONINE DEFICIENCY; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; ENERGY UTILIZATION; FREE T4; PROTEIN; SERUM; RATS AB Adequate (1.10 %) and deficient (0.88,0.66, and 0.53 %) levels of Lys were fed to broiler chicks from 9 to 23 d of age. Groups fed the control diet (1.10 % Lys) were also pair-fed daily with each deficient group. Compared with the free-fed control, graded decreases in feed intake occurred as the deficiency worsened, and these were significantly different with 0.66 and 0.53 % Lys. Growth decreased significantly with each deficient level of Lys compared with the free-fed control and was a ways significantly lower than in the pair-fed control groups in each set. Plasma trilodothyronine (T-3) was elevated in chicks fed 0.88 and 0.66 % lysine but not with 0.53 % when compared with the full-fed control treatment. However, in deficient chicks receiving 0.66 and 0.53 % Lys, T-3 levels were significantly higher compared with their pair-fed controls. Plasma T-4 was not significantly different between any treatments. Liver weights decreased significantly at each level of Lys deficiency, but most of the differences disappeared when expressed relative to body weight. Plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I decreased significantly with the most severe Lys deficiency. However, it decreased to a similar degree in the pair-fed controls, showing that this effect was primarily due to the lower feed intake. Plasma IGF-II levels did not differ between any treatments. No correlations were evident between thyroid hormones and IGF-I or IGF-II values. We concluded that the primary effect of Lys deficiency was an elevation in plasma T-3 levels without accompanying changes in plasma T-4. No effect of the Lys deficiency per se on plasma IGF-I and IGF-II and liver weights relative to body weights was found. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carew, L (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, 207 Terrill Hall,570 Main St, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM lyndon.carew@uvm.edu NR 38 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1045 EP 1050 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 939BR UT WOS:000230047700009 PM 16050121 ER PT J AU de los Santos, FS Farnell, MB Tellez, G Balog, JM Anthony, NB Torres-Rodriguez, A Higgins, S Hargis, BM Donoghue, AM AF de los Santos, FS Farnell, MB Tellez, G Balog, JM Anthony, NB Torres-Rodriguez, A Higgins, S Hargis, BM Donoghue, AM TI Effect of prebiotic on gut development and ascites incidence of broilers reared in a hypoxic environment SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ascites; gut development; prebiotic; hypoxia; chicken ID ASPERGILLUS-ORYZAE; CONVENTIONAL CHICKS; HYPOBARIC CHAMBER; SMALL-INTESTINE; NUTRITION; GROWTH; COMMENSAL; BACTERIAL; CULTURES; ENZYMES AB Modern broilers have been genetically selected for an increased growth rate and improved feed conversion, but they are also more susceptible to ascites. Ascites occurs when there is an imbalance between available oxygen and the oxygen demand of the broiler. We hypothesized that promoting neonatal gut development with a prebiotic, such as Aspergillus meal (Prebiotic-AM), would enhance gut efficiency, decrease the oxygen demand of the gut, and reduce ascites incidence. In this study, we compared the effect of Prebiotic-AM on ascites incidence and gut development in commercial broilers reared at a local altitude (390 m above sea level) and a simulated high altitude (2,900 m above sea level). Half of the birds received a National Research Council recommended corn-soybean ration, and the other half received the same ration supplemented with 0.2 % Prebiotic-AM. These 2 groups were further divided into a local altitude group and a simulated high altitude group for a total of 4 treatment combinations. Tissues were collected on d 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 from the duodenum and lower ileum and placed in 10 % buffered formalin for morphometric analysis. At a simulated high altitude, ascites incidence was 68 % for birds fed the Prebiotic-AM supplement compared with 92 % ascites incidence in birds given the control feed. The simulated high altitude decreased (P < 0.05) gut development, but prebiotic-treated birds reared in hypoxic conditions had similar gut development to control birds reared at local altitude. These data suggest that a feed ration supplemented with Prebiotic-AM may reduce the effect of hypoxia on broiler gut development and ascites incidence. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Donoghue, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM donoghue@uark.edu RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1092 EP 1100 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 939BR UT WOS:000230047700014 PM 16050126 ER PT J AU Higgins, JP Higgins, SE Guenther, KL Huff, W Donoghue, AM Donoghue, DJ Hargis, BM AF Higgins, JP Higgins, SE Guenther, KL Huff, W Donoghue, AM Donoghue, DJ Hargis, BM TI Use of a specific bacteriophage treatment to reduce Salmonella in poultry products SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; bacteriophage; carcass rinse; poultry ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI DIARRHEA; ANTIBIOTICS; INFECTIONS; BIOCONTROL; PHAGES; CALVES AB Bacteriophages represent a group of viruses that specifically infect and replicate in bacteria and could potentially be used to reduce recovery of Salmonella from poultry carcasses. Bacteriophages were isolated from municipal wastewater in the presence of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 13A (SE). In the first 2 experiments, commercially processed broiler carcass rinse water was pooled and divided. The addition of 10(10) pfu/mL of a single bacteriophage (PHL 4) with selected concentrations of SE reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of SE recovered as compared with the control rinse water sample. In experiments 3 and 4, broiler carcasses were intentionally inoculated with SE, sprayed with selected concentrations of PHL 4, and rinsed for SE enrichment and isolation. Application of 5.5 mL of 10(8) or 10(10) pfu/mL of PHL 4 reduced (P < 0.05) the frequency of SE recovery as compared with controls. In experiments 5 and 6, commercially processed turkeys were rinsed with water containing 72 wild-type bacteriophages isolated against SE, which were amplified in SE, or the Salmonella isolated antemortern from drag swabs from the flock selected for in-plant treatment, or a combination of bacteriophages amplified by each bacterial host. All bacteriophage treatments reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of Salmonella recovery as compared with controls. Sufficient concentrations of an appropriate bacteriophage, or a bacteriophage mixture, can significantly reduce recoverable Salmonella from carcass rinses. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, Poultry Prod & Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Hargis, BM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM bhargis@uark.edu NR 19 TC 81 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 14 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1141 EP 1145 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 939BR UT WOS:000230047700019 PM 16050131 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Stocks, IC AF Smith, DR Stocks, IC TI A new trigonalid wasp (Hymenoptera : Trigonalidae) from eastern north America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE hyperparasitoid; parasitoid; wasp; Trigonalyidae AB Orthogonalys bella, n. sp., is described from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee. It is the second species of Orthogonalys Schulz and the fifth species of Nearctic Trigonalidae. Characters separating it from Orthogonalys pulchella (Cresson) are given. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov; istocks@clemson.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3 BP 530 EP 535 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 942JC UT WOS:000230277700006 ER PT J AU Jennings, JT Smith, DR AF Jennings, JT Smith, DR TI The taxonomic placement of several New World and Oriental gasteruptiid wasps (Hymenoptera : Gasteruptiidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Gasteruptiidae; Gasteruptiinae; Gasteruption; Pseudofoenus ID HYPTIOGASTRINE WASPS; KIEFFER HYMENOPTERA; REVISION AB The generic placement of several New World and Oriental gasteruptiid wasps is reviewed. Based on a number of character states, including non-overlapping mandibles (when at rest), the presence of a trochantellus (prefemur) and an exserted ovipositor, and the pattern of the veins in the forewing, five species currently in Pseudofoenus are transferred to Gasteruption L.; namely G. longiceps (Kieffer 1910), n. comb., G. ceylonensis (Enderlein 1912), n. comb., G. maculicorne Cameron 1887, revised comb., G. sericeum Cameron 1887, revised comb., and G. tenuicolle Schletterer 1885, revised comb. In addition, G. longiceps (Kieffer 1910) is a junior secondary homonym of G. longiceps Kieffer 1904 and is renamed G. austini, n. name, and Pseudofoenus neotropicus Schrottky 1906 is placed as incertae sedis. C1 Univ Adelaide, Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodoversity, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr & Wine, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Systemat Entonol Lab,PSI,Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Jennings, JT (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodoversity, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM john.jennings@adelaide.edu.au; dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3 BP 686 EP 692 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 942JC UT WOS:000230277700023 ER PT J AU Miller, GL Stoetzel, MB Kane, EC AF Miller, GL Stoetzel, MB Kane, EC TI A systematic reappraisal of the genus Diuraphis Aizenberg (Hemiptera : Aphididae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE aphid; Diuraphis; Holcaphis ID HOMOPTERA; WHEAT; KEY AB Adult female apterae and alates of the genus Diuraphis Aizenberg are described and illustrated, and keys are provided for identification. Diuraphis elymophila G.x. Zhang is considered a new synonym of Diuraphis frequens (Walker) and Diuraphis muehlei (Borner) is considered a new synonym of Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov). A phylogenetic analysis suggests that while the clade that contains Diuraphis noxia + Diuraphis mexicana is monophyletic, the previously recognized subgenus Holcaphis is paraphyletic. C1 USDA, ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, GL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Bldg 005,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gmiller@sel.barc.usda.gov; mstoetze@sel.bare.usda.gov; eckane@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3 BP 700 EP 728 PG 29 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 942JC UT WOS:000230277700025 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, NE TI Distributional notes on Bertamyia notata (Loew), including the first report of the family Platypezidae from the Caribbean (Diptera : Platypezidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, NHB-168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3 BP 731 EP 732 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 942JC UT WOS:000230277700027 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Ferreira, PSF AF Henry, TJ Ferreira, PSF TI Froeschneropsidea, a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Froeschnerisca (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Miridae : Deraeocorinae : hyaliodini) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Plant Sci Inst,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Plant Sci Inst,Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov; pfiuza@ufv.br NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3 BP 735 EP 735 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 942JC UT WOS:000230277700029 ER PT J AU Mao, YF Lai, C Vogtentanz, G Schmidt, B Day, T Miller, J Brandon, DL Chen, D AF Mao, YF Lai, C Vogtentanz, G Schmidt, B Day, T Miller, J Brandon, DL Chen, D TI Monoclonal antibodies against soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor recognize the protease-reactive loops SO PROTEIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor; chymotrypsin; epitope; monoclonal antibody; trypsin ID ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA; CANCER CELLS; CONCENTRATE; TRYPSIN; MODULATION; GROWTH; MICE AB Monoclonal antibodies against soybean Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) have been generated and used to detect and quantify BBI in foods, soybean germplasm, and animal tissues and fluids. The purpose of this study was to determine the recognition sites of two monoclonal antibodies to BBI (mAb 238 and mAb 217) in relation to the protease-inhibitory sites of BBI. The results showed that (1) the binding of mAb 238 can be blocked by trypsin and that of mAb 217 by chymotrypsin; (2) the trypsin or chymotrypsin inhibitory activities of BBI are blocked by mAb 238 or mAb 217, respectively; and (3) mAb 238 failed to recognize a tryptic loop mutant BBI variant and mAb 217 was unable to bind a chymotryptic loop mutant BBI variant. These findings demonstrate that the epitopes recognized by mAb 238 and mAb 217 reside, at least in part, in the tryptic and chymotryptic loops of BBI, respectively. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Genencor Int Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Chen, D (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dbran-don@pw.usda.gov; drdanchen@gmail.com NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1572-3887 J9 PROTEIN J JI Protein J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1007/s10930-005-6748-6 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 983QO UT WOS:000233247400003 PM 16284725 ER PT J AU Seefeldt, SS AF Seefeldt, SS TI Consequences of selecting rambouillet ewes for mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp vaseyana) dietary preference SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bitterbrush; diet selection; grazing; sheep ID LEAFY SPURGE; SHEEP; BITTERBRUSH; CATTLE; RANGE AB A dense mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana [Rydb] Beetle) canopy suppresses understory vegetation. Rambouillet ewes with high and low dietary preferences for mountain big sagebrush were tested for their ability to reduce the cover of dense stands of sagebrush. Eighty ewes with high and low preferences for mountain big sagebrush were grazed in October on 8 pastures with a 33% shrub cover for 3 years. Even though near infrared reflectance spectroscopy measurements of feces indicated that high-preference ewes consumed up to twice as much mountain big sagebrush than did low-preference ewes (P < 0.005), there was no difference in the reduction of sagebrush canopy between the high- and low-preference ewes (P = 0.46). Indeed, grazing did not reduce mountain big sagebrush more than in the ungrazed pastures. However, ewes with a high preference for mountain big sagebrush consumed more antelope bitterbrush (Pursbia tridentata [Pursh] DC.) (P < 0.05) than did low-preference ewes (length reductions of 30 cm and 10 +/- 3.7 cm [mean +/- SE], respectively). In this study, the selection of ewes with a dietary preference for mountain big sagebrush had the unintended consequence of selecting ewes with a dietary preference for antelope bitterbrush. Antelope bitterbrush is a desirable shrub in sagebrush steppe ecosystems, and reductions in antelope bitterbrush as a result of altered livestock preferences will reduce rangeland health. Animals selected with a dietary preference for one plant species must be screened to determine what other plants they will preferentially select to limit potential negative consequences for plant communities and ecosystems. C1 USDA, ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), HC62 Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM sseefeldt@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 58 IS 4 BP 380 EP 384 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)058[0380:COSREF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 949PB UT WOS:000230799500008 ER PT J AU Stavast, LJ Baker, TT Ulery, AL Flynn, RP Wood, MK Cram, DS AF Stavast, LJ Baker, TT Ulery, AL Flynn, RP Wood, MK Cram, DS TI New Mexico blue grama rangeland response to dairy manure application SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bouteloua gracilis; rangeland application; snakeweed ID BIOSOLIDS; SOIL AB New Mexico supports over 290 000 dairy cattle. These cattle produce large quantities of manure. It has been suggested excess dairy manure could be applied to rangelands as an organic fertilizer to increase soil fertility and herbaceous production. Manure was applied June 2000 to a rangeland in New Mexico dominated by blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths) according to phosphorus (P) content: a recommended (light) rate (54 kg P (.) ha(-1)) to enhance blue grama growth and a gross overapplication (heavy) rate (493 kg P (.) ha(-1)) to determine their effects on vegetation. The actual application rate of manure on a dry weight basis was 0, 11 739, and 107 174 kg (.) ha(-1). Four replications of control, light, and heavy rates were established. Herbaceous standing crop (kg (.) ha(-1)) was similar 1 growing season after manure application, and greater 2 and 3 growing seasons after application on the light treatment compared with the control. Initially the heavy treatment suppressed herbaceous standing crop; thereafter, standing crop responded in a linear fashion to rainfall. Three growing seasons after manure application, basal cover was similar between light and control treatments, whereas the heavy treatment continued to be characterized principally by manure/litter cover. Heavy disposal-oriented treatments are not suitable for blue grama rangelands because of persistent declines in herbaceous cover and changes in soil salinity. A light manure application rate that is based on P content can increase forb and in particular grass standing crop on and blue grama rangelands. Successful rangeland manure applications will depend on proper management to insure objectives are met while minimizing any hazards to the environment. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Extens Anim Resources, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Spanish Forks, UT 84660 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Artesia Agr Sci Ctr, Artesia, NM 88210 USA. New Mexico Water Resource Res Inst, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Baker, TT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Extens Anim Resources, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ttbaker@nmsu.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 58 IS 4 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)058[0423:NMBGRR]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 949PB UT WOS:000230799500014 ER PT J AU Boyd, CS Svejcar, TJ AF Boyd, CS Svejcar, TJ TI A visual obstruction technique for photo monitoring of willow clumps SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE browsing; image analysis; revegetation; utilization ID VARIABILITY; VEGETATION; WEIGHT; BROWSE AB Quantifying woody plant biomass has often proven difficult in the field for reasons that include irregular plant morphology, between-observer variability, and lack of standardized techniques. One potential solution to these challenges is the use of ground-based photographic technology. Our objective was to develop a photo-based technique that could be used to monitor changes in willow (Salix spp.) biomass over time and estimate changes in biomass associated with herbivory. We focused on young willows (<= 2 in in height) because this size class represents a critical life history stage for establishment of willow clumps. In August 2000 and 2001, we harvested 25 willow (Salix boothii Dorn.) clumps and clamped them in front of a fluorescent orange photoboard (150 X 200 cm). Clumps were defoliated of leaves and tips of current annual stem growth (referred to as "biomass") by hand in 4 to 7 increments and photographed before and after each removal. Images were scanned to digital format and the degree of photoboard obstruction was determined with Adobe (R) Photoshop (R) 4.0 software. Regression analysis indicated that visual obstruction of the photoboard was a good predictor of total clump biomass (r(2) = 0.89, P < 0.01) as well as biomass remaining following sequential defoliations (r(2) = 0.92, P < 0.01). These results suggest our technique provides a reliable index of both willow biomass and utilization within the size class of willow tested. Results might differ with larger willows and increased woody biomass. The technique minimizes observer bias and provides a permanent photo record that can be reanalyzed at a later date if necessary. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Boyd, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A,Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM chad.boyd@oregonstate.edu NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 58 IS 4 BP 434 EP 438 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)058[0434:AVOTFP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 949PB UT WOS:000230799500016 ER PT J AU Turner, KE Wildeus, S Collins, JR AF Turner, KE Wildeus, S Collins, JR TI Intake, performance, and blood parameters in young goats offered high forage diets of lespedeza or alfalfa hay SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goats; lespedeza; alfalfa; intake; blood ID SERICEA LESPEDEZA; CONDENSED TANNINS; RUMINAL BACTERIUM; UREA NITROGEN; PROTEIN; DIGESTION; SHEEP; GROWTH; LAMBS; SUPPLEMENTATION AB July-born F(1) Boer x Spanish (BoerX), Nubian, and Spanish buck kids (n = 18) were used in an experiment to evaluate the use of lespedeza hay in goat diets. Bucklings were weaned at 60 d of age and maintained on pasture and in pens, before being assigned to the experiment at 6 months of age. Kids were randomly assigned to six pens and stratified by breed. The two diets were ad libitum: (1) sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours) G. Don; LESP] hay, or (2) alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.; ALF) hay. All animals received a 16% crude protein (CP) corn/cottonseed-based supplement offered at 0.5% of body weight (BW) per head/d. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was higher (P < 0.001) for LESP-based (42.1 g/kg BW per day) than for ALF-based (38.7 g/kg BW per day) diets, and increased with time on trial for LESP, but not ALF (diet x time interaction: P < 0.05). Bucks offered ALF had higher average daily gain (ADG; 103 versus 56 g/d; P < 0.01) and final B W (31.3 versus 26.6 kg; P < 0.05) than those offered LESP. Initial body weights were higher (P < 0.001) for Nubian (24.7kg) compared to BoerX (18.5 kg) or Spanish (19.7 kg) which were similar. This same trend was observed for final body weights (P < 0.05; Nubian 33.4 kg; BoerX 25.9 kg; Spanish 27.3 kg). There were no breed differences (P > 0.10) in ADG (mean 79 g/d). Bucks offered the ALF-based diet had higher (P < 0.001) plasma concentrations (mg/dl) of blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 21.1 versus 10.7) and glucose (67.7 versus 59.5) and lower (P < 0.001) creatinine (0.53 versus 0.62 mg/dl) compared to kids offered the LESP-based diet. Blood glucose concentrations were highest (P < 0.001) for Nubian (66.3 mg/dl) and lowest for Boer cross (60.9 mg/dl); Spanish was intermediate (63.6 mg/dl). Creatinine levels were similar among breeds (mean 0.57 mg/dl). More research is needed to evaluate goat breed, forage species, stage of forage maturity, condensed tannins, and supplementation effects on nutrient utilization by finishing goats. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. RP Turner, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM ken.turner@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 59 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.11.007 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 938RC UT WOS:000230019500003 ER PT J AU Fekadu, B Soryal, K Zeng, S Van Hekken, D Bah, B Villaquiran, M AF Fekadu, B Soryal, K Zeng, S Van Hekken, D Bah, B Villaquiran, M TI Changes in goat milk composition during lactation and their effect on yield and quality of hard and semi-hard cheeses SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goat milk; cheese yield; sensory quality ID TIME AB Bulk tank goat milk from the Langston University Alpine herd was used to investigate changes in composition of goat milk during lactation and their effects on the sensory quality and yield of hard and semi-hard cheeses. Milk was analyzed for fat, protein, casein, total solids and somatic cell count (SCC) and cheese was assayed for of fat, protein and moisture. Sensory evaluation of the cheeses was performed to establish the relationship between yield, quality and sensory score. The chemical composition of goat milk changed significantly over lactation, resulting in variation in yield and sensory quality of hard and semi-hard cheeses. While casein content of goat milk did not change significantly as lactation advanced, SCC increased from early to late lactation. There were no significant differences in flavor, body and texture, and total sensory scores of either cheese type among aging times of 8, 16 and/or 24 week, which indicates that the cheeses can be consumed after 8 week for similar sensory quality as with longer aging. In hard cheese, yield was highly correlated with milk fat, protein or total solids, whereas only milk total solids content was highly correlated with semi-hard cheese yield. These findings indicate need to adjust cheese making procedures over the duration of lactation to increase milk nutrient recoveries and thus increase cheese yield. However, a year-round breeding system should minimize variation in chemical composition in bulk tank goat milk during lactation and help maintain consistent quality and yield of cheeses throughout the year. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmore, PA 19038 USA. RP Zeng, S (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, POB 1730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM szeng@luresext.edu NR 19 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 59 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.12.003 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 938RC UT WOS:000230019500008 ER PT J AU Cohen, MF Yamasaki, H Mazzola, M AF Cohen, MF Yamasaki, H Mazzola, M TI Brassica napus seed meal soil amendment modifies microbial community structure, nitric oxide production and incidence of Rhizoctonia root rot SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE streptomyces; nitric oxide synthase; biofumigation; induced systemic resistance ID NEMATODE MELOIDOGYNE-JAVANICA; AMMONIA-RELEASING COMPOUNDS; APPLE REPLANT DISEASE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; GENOME SEQUENCE; FUSARIUM-WILT; GLUCOSINOLATE AB A low glucosinolate content (21.8 μ mol g(-1)) Brassica napus seed meal (RSM) applied to orchard soils altered communities of both pathogenic and saprophytic soil micro-organisms. RSM amendment reduced infection by native and introduced isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. and recovery of Pratylenchus spp. from apple roots. Root infection by Rhizoctonia solani AG-5 was also suppressed in split-root assays where a portion of the root system was cultivated in RSM-amended soils and the remainder grown in the presence of the pathogen but lacking RSM. R. solani hyphal growth was not inhibited by RSM amendment. Suppression of Pratylenchus was attained to an equivalent extent by amending soils with either RSM or soybean meal (SM) when applied to provide a similar N content. Thus, glucosinolate hydrolysis products did not appear to have a significant role in the suppression of Rhizoctonia spp. or Pratylenchus spp. obtained via RSM amendment. RSM amendment elevated populations of Pythium spp. and of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria that release nitric oxide but suppressed fluorescent pseudomonad numbers. Streptomyces spp. soil populations increased significantly in response to RSM but not SM amendment. The vast majority of Streptomyces spp. recovered from the apple rhizosphere produced nitric oxide and possessed a nitric oxide synthase homolog. We propose that transformations in the bacterial community structure are associated with the observed control of Rhizoctonia root rot, with NO production by soil bacteria potentially having a role in the induction of plant systemic resistance. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Univ Ryukyus, Ctr Mol Biosci COMB, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030123, Japan. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov RI Yamasaki, Hideo/F-1465-2011 NR 64 TC 102 Z9 111 U1 6 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1215 EP 1227 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.11.027 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 931VW UT WOS:000229514600001 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Moore, PA Miles, DM AF Smith, DR Moore, PA Miles, DM TI Soil extractable phosphorus changes with time after application of fertilizer: I. Utter from poultry-fed modified diets SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alum; phosphorus; phosphorus sorption ratio; phytase; poultry litter; soil test phosphorus ID PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATION; ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE; AMENDED SOILS; TURKEY DIETS; SWINE MANURE; RUNOFF; LITTER; SOLUBILITY; AMENDMENTS; MEHLICH-3 AB Recent studies have suggested that best management practices, such as dietary modification, used to reduce phosphorus (P) in litter may increase P runoff from pastures fertilized with litter. The objective of this study was to determine the effects on soluble P, Mehlich 3 P, Morgan P, or Olsen P with time as the result of fertilization, using litter from dietary modification and from litter amendment treatments. Poultry litter and inorganic fertilizer additions to high and low soil test P (soil test phosphorus, STP) soils resulted in an increase in all P fractions as compared with unfertilized soil. Soluble P in soils increased until about week 4 or 8 after additions of poultry litter. There were no appreciable changes in Mehlich 3 P with time in high STP soil; however, there were significant decreases in Mehlich 3 P when low STP soils were fertilized with poultry litter and inorganic fertilizer. Use of dietary modification (phytase and/or HAP corn) tended to cause slight to moderate reductions in extractable P compared with a normal diet, whereas addition of alum to poultry litter tended to result in significant reductions in the various P fractions analyzed. The P sorption ratio (phosphorus sorption ratio, PSR) was also increased by inorganic and poultry litter fertilizer treatments, although in both high and low STP soil, use of HAP corn, phytase, and alum resulted in similar PSR values compared with unfertilized soils. Results from this study indicate that poultry producers should use dietary modification and alum to maximize the ability of their soils to receive poultry litter as a valuable fertilizer resource. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. ARS, USDA, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM drsmith@purdue.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 170 IS 7 BP 530 EP 542 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000175339.76798.c9 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 949XP UT WOS:000230822500005 ER PT J AU Elrashidi, MA Mays, MD Harder, J Schroeder, D Brakhage, P Peaslee, S Seybold, C Schaecher, C AF Elrashidi, MA Mays, MD Harder, J Schroeder, D Brakhage, P Peaslee, S Seybold, C Schaecher, C TI Loss of phosphorus by runoff for agricultural watersheds SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE agricultural watershed; anion exchange resin; phosphorus release characteristics; runoff phosphorus; runoff water ID SWINE MANURE; TRANSPORT; EROSION; RESIDUE; SOIL AB The loss of nutrients in runoff from agricultural land is a major cause of poor surface water quality in the United State. Scientists (NRCS) developed a technique to estimate the impact of agricultural watersheds on natural water resources. The objectives of this study were to apply this technique on the Wagon Train (WT) watershed to predict (1) loss of water by surface runoff, (2) loss of phosphorus (P) from soils by runoff and P loading for WT reservoir. The annual loss of water by runoff was estimated at 4.32 million m(3). The USGS data for a 50-year period (1951 to 2000) indicated that the average annual inflow for WT reservoir was 4.25 million m(3). The predicted annual P loss by runoff was 844 kg and could be considered as the annual loading for WT reservoir. The predicted P concentration in the runoff water at field sites was 196 mu g/L. Phosphorus concentration observed in major streams at the beginning of spring (March) ranged from 99 mu g/L to 240 mu g/L with an average of 162 mu g/L (S.D. = 40 mu g/L), and the average P concentration in water samples taken from different locations in the reservoir was 140 mu g/L. Phosphorus uptake by algae, weeds and aquatic plants, as well as high pH in the reservoir and streams might explain the slight drop of P concentration in waters. Further, the average P concentration observed in the main stream samples for the entire rainy season (March through October), ranged between 157 and 346 mu g/L with an average of 267 mu g/L (S.D. = 65 mu g/L). Application of P fertilizers (April/May) for summer crops might explain the increase in P concentration. When factors affecting P concentration in streams are considered, the technique could provide a reasonable estimation of P concentration in stream water. C1 NRCS, USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NRCS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68516 USA. Nebraska Dept Environm Qual, Lincoln, NE 68509 USA. RP Elrashidi, MA (reprint author), NRCS, USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM moustafa.elrashidi@usda.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 170 IS 7 BP 543 EP 558 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000175340.84421.ec PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 949XP UT WOS:000230822500006 ER PT J AU Corey, AT Logsdon, SD AF Corey, AT Logsdon, SD TI Limitations of the chemical potential SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; COEFFICIENTS; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB It is often assumed that the negative gradient of chemical potential indicates the direction of transport by diffusion. Diffusion is the transport of a fluid constituent induced by a concentration gradient. The objective of this review paper is to explain the purpose and correct application of the chemical potential. Fick's law is derived here from Newton's second law of motion. Diffusion is a transport mechanism involving the motion of individual molecules, and does not induce a resistance associated with fluid viscosity. Consequently, unlike advection, the mean hydraulic radius of flow channels does not affect resistance to diffusion. A concentration gradient is not reflected in the pressure gradient acting externally on reference volumes of fluid. Both external driving force and a concentration gradient may result in motion of the center of mass of reference volumes of fluid. If a density gradient exists, the vector sum of external forces does not describe the resultant driving force. A concentration gradient induces constituent velocity relative to the fluid boundaries, not relative to the center of mass. Chemical potential includes pressure as a variable, and cannot predict the direction of diffusion because pressure is a driving force for advection, not diffusion. Chemical potential describes equilibrium conditions and is not useful for evaluating mass transport. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM logsdon@nstl.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 976 EP 982 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0304 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 949BQ UT WOS:000230760300002 ER PT J AU Thompson, JA Kolka, RK AF Thompson, JA Kolka, RK TI Soil carbon storage estimation in a forested watershed using quantitative soil-landscape modeling SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; ORGANIC-CARBON; SPATIAL PREDICTION; HYDROMORPHIC SOILS; TERRAIN ATTRIBUTES; RESOLUTION; FRANCE AB Carbon storage in soils is important to forest ecosystems. Moreover, forest soils may serve as important C sinks for ameliorating excess atmospheric CO(2). Spatial estimates of soil organic C (SOC) storage have traditionally relied upon soil survey maps and laboratory characterization data. This approach does not account for inherent variability within map units, and often relies on incomplete, unrepresentative, or biased data. Our objective was to develop soil-landscape models that quantify relationships between SOC and topographic variables derived from digital elevation models. Within a 1500-ha watershed in eastern Kentucky, the amount of SOC stored in the soil to a depth of 0.3 m was estimated using triplicate cores at each node of a 380-m grid. We stratified the data into four aspect classes and used robust linear regression to generate empirical models. Despite low coefficients of correlation between measured SOC and individual terrain attributes, we developed and validated models that explain up to 71% of SOC variability using three to five terrain attributes. Mean SOC content in the upper 30 cm, as predicted from our models, is 5.3 kg m (2), compared with an estimate of 2.9 kg m (2) from soil survey data. Total SOC storage in the upper 30 cm within the entire watershed is 82.0 Gg, compared with an estimate of 44.8 Gg from soil survey data. A soil-landscape modeling approach may prove useful for future SOC spatial modeling because it incorporates the continuous variability of SOC across landscapes and may be transportable to similar landscapes. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Thompson, JA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM james.thompson@mail.wvu.edu NR 41 TC 70 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1086 EP 1093 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0322 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 949BQ UT WOS:000230760300015 ER PT J AU Gollany, HT Allmaras, RR Copeland, SM Albrecht, SL Douglas, CL AF Gollany, HT Allmaras, RR Copeland, SM Albrecht, SL Douglas, CL TI Tillage and nitrogen fertilizer influence on carbon and soluble silica relations in a Pacific Northwest mollisol SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; PALOUSE SILT LOAM; SOIL ACIDIFICATION; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; WATER INFILTRATION; OREGON; IDAHO; PLOW AB Long-term experiments are ideal for evaluating the influence of agricultural practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) accretion. Little is known about the influence of tillage and N fertilization on SOC distribution and silica (Si) movement in a soil. This study: (i) determined the effect of tillage and N fertilizer on SOC accretion in a Walla Walla silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Haploxeroll), and (ii) examined the subsequent influence of fine organic matter (FOM) on Si movement. A long-term wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow experiment was established in 1940, in a randomized block with split-plot design. Soil cores (2-cm increments) from two tillages (moldboard plow, MP; and sweep, SW) and two N rates (45 and 180 kg N ha(-1)) were used to measure coarse organic matter (COM), FOM, pH, bulk density (p(b)), water-soluble C (C-ws), and water-soluble Si (Si-ws). The FOM fraction (6.6 kg C m(-2)) in SW was 14% higher (5.8 kg C m(-2)) than in MP for the 180 kg N ha(-1) rate. After 44 yr of N additions, the SOC storage (6.2 kg C m(-1)) for the 180 kg N ha(-1) rate increased 3% above that for the 45 kg N ha(-1) (6.0 kg C m(-2)). Total Si-ws in the B horizon were 34 and 39% greater than in the Ap horizon for the MP and SW systems, respectively. Interaction of tillage and N with Si. suggests that SOC provides a mechanism to suppress Si solubility, which impacts siliceous pan formation, reduces soil mechanical resistance, and enhances drainage and plant growth. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gollany, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM hero.gollany@oregonstate.edu NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1102 EP 1109 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0284 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 949BQ UT WOS:000230760300017 ER PT J AU Kung, KJS Hanke, M Helling, CS Kladivko, EJ Gish, TJ Steenhuis, TS Jaynes, DB AF Kung, KJS Hanke, M Helling, CS Kladivko, EJ Gish, TJ Steenhuis, TS Jaynes, DB TI Quautifying pore-size spectrum of macropore-type preferential pathways SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE TILE DRAINS; FRACTURED POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SINGLE FRACTURE; FIELD-SCALE; WATER-FLOW; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; REACTIVE SOLUTE; NORTH-AMERICA; MASS-TRANSFER AB Structural pores associated with macropore-type preferential now pathways can accelerate chemical transport in unsaturated soils, thereby potentially causing groundwater contamination. To predict chemical transport through these pathways, classical deterministic models depend on soil hydraulic conductivity, which effectively lumps flow contributions from all individual pathways. We contend, however, that quantifying the pore spectrum of preferential pathways, without lumping the contributions of individual pores, is the appropriate method for simulating convective chemical transport through macropore-type preferential pathways. In this study, we conducted field-scale experiments by using an improved tile drain monitoring protocol to measure the mass flux breakthrough patterns of conservative tracers. The tails of these patterns suggested that the impact of preferential pathways on contaminant transport can be conceptualized as that occurring through cylindrical capillary tubes. We then proposed a distribution function bracketed by sharp cut-off points to represent the pore spectrum of these tubes. Finally, we used the measured tracer breakthrough curves (BTCs) as data sources to find the parameters of the proposed function. Our results, based on the best fitting, showed that the preferential pathways are naturally clustered into domains; preferential pathways with a wide range of pore radii could become active simultaneously when infiltration rate increases. Because the derived pore spectra simultaneously satisfy both water movement and solute transport, pore spectra can be used to (i) calculate soil hydraulic conductivity of preferential pathways in deterministic approaches, and (ii) construct multiple probability density functions (PDFs) for the transfer function approach, to accommodate different infiltration patterns. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kung, KJS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kskung@wisc.edu NR 58 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1196 EP 1208 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0208 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 949BQ UT WOS:000230760300027 ER PT J AU Dontsova, KM Norton, LD Johnston, CT AF Dontsova, KM Norton, LD Johnston, CT TI Calcium and magnesium effects on ammonia adsorption by soil clays SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; ORGANIC-MATTER; LAYER CHARGE; MONTMORILLONITE; SMECTITES; SORPTION; BAND; CA AB Anhydrous ammonia is a widely used N fertilizer and its interactions with soils and soil clays play an important role in its environmental fate. This study was conducted to determine the quantity and forms of ammonia adsorbed by clay-sized fractions of soils as a function of water content, exchangeable cation, and organic matter (OM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate in situ the mechanisms of interaction of H2O, NH3, and NH4+ with the clay-size fractions of a Blount loam (fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs) and a Fayette silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, superactive Typic Hapludalfs). Due to NH3 dissolution in adsorbed water more total N was sorbed at high (90%) than at low (2%) relative humidity (RH) despite decrease in the amount of NH4+ sorbed. At high RH, the amount of NW, NH3. and total N increased by 12 to 23% on the Mg-exchanged compared with the Ca-exchanged soil clays. Of the two soil clays, the smectitic sample (Fayette) sorbed more of both N species than the illitic sample (Blount). Samples with OM removed adsorbed significantly more ammonia than untreated samples. The mechanism suggested for ammonia sorption by soil clays is a combination of protonation on water associated with metal cations, coordination to the exchangeable cations and dissolution in pore water. Soil clays can retain significant amounts of ammonium in excess of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and out of competition for exchange sites. Dissolved NH3 constituted the majority of N adsorbed by the sample at high RH, which is typical of field conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Dontsova, KM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. EM DontsovaK@yahoo.com RI Johnston, Cliff/B-2215-2009 OI Johnston, Cliff/0000-0002-8462-9724 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1225 EP 1232 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0335 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 949BQ UT WOS:000230760300030 ER PT J AU Nemes, A Rawls, WJ Pachepsky, YA AF Nemes, A Rawls, WJ Pachepsky, YA TI Influence of organic matter on the estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-RETENTION; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; PERCOLATION STABILITY; SOILS; BULK AB Estimation of soil hydraulic properties by pedotransfer functions (PTFs) can be used in many applications. Some of existing PTFs estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) of the soil, using organic matter (OM) content as one of the input variables. Several authors have shown an increase in K-s with increasing OM content, a soil property that presumably improves soil structure. We used three popular PTFs to examine the relationship between OM content and K-s. We also used data originating from the U.S., Hungary, and the European HYPRES database, to develop additional PTFs with the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH). It appears that existing PTFs negatively correlate K-s with OM content for some soils. We found indications of negative relationship between OM content and K, with the newly developed PTFs both for directly estimated K-s, and for K-s estimated via the effective porosity of the soil, using a generalized Kozeny-Carman approach. It is not straightforward to define the exact range of soils with the inverse relationship between OM and K-s. The range appeared to be data set dependent, but it was extensive within the valid input range of each PTF. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nemes, A (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM anemes@hydrolab.arsusda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1330 EP 1337 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0055 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 949BQ UT WOS:000230760300041 ER PT J AU Iqbal, J Thomasson, JA Jenkins, JN Owens, PR Whisler, FD AF Iqbal, J Thomasson, JA Jenkins, JN Owens, PR Whisler, FD TI Spatial variability analysis of soil physical properties of alluvial soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; FIELD SOIL AB Analysis and interpretation of spatial variability of soils is a keystone in site-specific farming. Soil survey maps may have up to 0.41ha inclusions of dissimilar soils within a mapping unit. The objectives of this study were to determine the degree of spatial variability of soil physical properties and variance structure, and to model the sampling interval of alluvial floodplain soils. Soil profiles (n = 209) from 18 parallel transects were sampled with a mean separation distance of 79.4 m. Each profile was classified into surface, subsurface, and deep horizons. Structural analysis of soil bulk density (rho(delta)), sand, clay, saturated hydraulic conductivity (K.,), volumetric water content (0,) at seven pressure potentials (Psi(a)) (-1, -10, -33, -67, -100, -500, and -1500 kPa) were modeled for the three horizons. Variance of soil physical properties varied from as low as 0.01% (rho(b)) to as high as 1542% (K-s). The LSD test indicated significant (P < 0.05) differences in sand, clay, rho(b), K-s, and theta(v), at various Psi(a). Geostatistical analyses illustrated that the spatially dependent stochastic component was predominant over the nugget effect. Structured semivariogram functions of each variable were used in generating fine-scale kriged contour maps. Overall antocorrelation, Moran's I, indicated a 400-m sampling range would be adequate for detection of spatial structure of sand, silt, clay, and a 100-m sampling range for soil hydraulic properties and rho(b). The magnitude and spatial patterns soil physical property variability have implications for variable rate applications and design of soil sampling strategies in alluvial floodplain soils. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dep Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Iqbal, J (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dep Agr & Biol Engn, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ji1@ra.msstate.edu NR 38 TC 112 Z9 127 U1 6 U2 37 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1338 EP 1350 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0154 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 949BQ UT WOS:000230760300042 ER PT J AU Sharpley, AN McDowell, RW Kleinman, PJA AF Sharpley, AN McDowell, RW Kleinman, PJA TI Response to "Comments on 'Amounts, forms, and solubility of phosphorus in soils receiving manure''' SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. AgRes Ltd, Invermay Agr Res Ctr, Mosgiel, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sharpley, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Andrew.Sharpley@ars.usda.gov; Richard.Mcdowell@agresearch.co.nz; Peter.Kleinman@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1355 EP 1355 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0078le PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 949BQ UT WOS:000230760300045 ER PT J AU Chandler, DG Seyfried, M AF Chandler, DG Seyfried, M TI Response to "Comments on 'Field calibration of water content reflectometers"' SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Chandler, DG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Chandler, David/E-4543-2013 OI Chandler, David/0000-0002-8662-2892 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1357 EP 1358 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0085le PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 949BQ UT WOS:000230760300047 ER PT J AU Woods, K Hilu, KW Wiersema, JH Borsch, T AF Woods, K Hilu, KW Wiersema, JH Borsch, T TI Pattern of variation and systematics of Nymphaea odorata: I. Evidence from morphology and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; RAPD; MARKERS; POPULATIONS AB Nymphaea odorata, Nymphaeaceae, is the most widely distributed water-lily in North America. Disagreement exists on whether this morphologically variable species should be split into two species, N. odorata and N. tuberosa, or treated as one species with two subspecies. Morphological characters and markers from the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) were examined to assess taxonomic status and elucidate patterns of genetic variation among populations. This study provides evidence against treatment of N. tuberosa at species rank. The principal component analysis of 26 vegetative characters underscores immense variability, but does partially segregate populations of subsp. odorata and subsp. tuberosa. Based on analysis of variance, a new set of morphological characters is proposed to distinguish the two subspecies: mean leaf blade length-to-width ratio, petiole striping, and lobe apex shape. Results from ISSRs show high polymorphism within and among populations. Genetic variation was found largely within geographical regions (89%) rather than among regions. Principal coordinate (PCOA) analyses and minimum spanning tree (MST) analyses based on ISSRs clearly distinguished Nymphaea mexicana and N. odorata. Within N. odorata, samples of subsp. odorata appear to be a distinct entity, whereas samples largely but not completely separated from samples of subsp. tuberosa. PCOA and MST showed linkage between most samples of subsp. odorata whereas this was less evident in UPGMA. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Bonn, Nees Inst Biodiversitat Pflanzen, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Woods, K (reprint author), Novozymes Biol Inc, 5400 Corp Circle, Salem, VA 24153 USA. EM kyw@novozymes.com NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 471 EP 480 DI 10.1600/0363644054782161 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 958PI UT WOS:000231459800002 ER PT J AU Woods, K Hilu, KW Borsch, T Wiersema, JH AF Woods, K Hilu, KW Borsch, T Wiersema, JH TI Pattern of variation and systematics of Nymphaea odorata: II. Sequence information from ITS and trnL-trnF SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS; RETICULATE EVOLUTION; CHLOROPLAST DNA; COMPLEX BRASSICACEAE; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; HYBRIDS; MODEL; MATK AB Sequence data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the plastid trnL-trnF regions were used to assess relationships among populations of N. odorata across its North American range, and to evaluate whether subsp. odorata and subsp. tuberosa form distinct taxonomic units. Nymphaea mexicana was included because of suspected hybridization with N. odorata. The trnL-trnF region provided a single informative site in N. odorata. In contrast, the ITS region was more variable. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS data supports the monophyly of the two species. Within N odorata, two clades were resolved largely representing subsp. odorata and subsp. tuberosa, although a few individuals appeared outside the respective clades. Polymorphic sites were detected in ITS, indicating possible hybridization between the subspecies. The geographic location of these hybrids suggests a possible hybrid zone. Overall, molecular evidence supports the segregation of subsp. odorata and subsp. tuberosa, with limited gene flow between them. C1 Univ Bonn, Nees Inst Biodiversitat Pflanzen, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Woods, K (reprint author), Novozymes Biol Inc, 5400 Corp Circle, Salem, VA 24153 USA. EM kyw@novozymes.com NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI LARAMIE PA UNIV WYOMING, DEPT BOTANY 3165, 1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 481 EP 493 DI 10.1600/0363644054782143 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 958PI UT WOS:000231459800003 ER PT J AU Abbo, S Molina, C Jungmann, R Grusak, MA Berkovitch, Z Reifen, R Kahl, G Winter, P Reifen, R AF Abbo, S Molina, C Jungmann, R Grusak, MA Berkovitch, Z Reifen, R Kahl, G Winter, P Reifen, R TI Quantitative trait loci governing carotenoid concentration and weight in seeds of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FLOWERING TIME; GENES; RISK; SUPPLEMENTATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROVITAMIN; PLASMA; GENOME; CANCER; PLANTS AB Chickpea is a staple protein source in many Asian and Middle Eastern countries. The seeds contain carotenoids such as beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin in amounts above the engineered beta-carotene-containing "golden rice" level. Thus, breeding for high carotenoid concentration in seeds is of nutritional, socio-economic, and economic importance. To study the genetics governing seed carotenoids in chickpea, we studied the relationship between seed weight and concentrations of beta-carotene and lutein by means of high-performance liquid chromatography in segregating progeny from a cross between an Israeli cultivar and wild Cicer reticulatum Ladiz. Seeds of the cross progeny varied with respect to their carotenoid concentration (heritability estimates ranged from 0.5 to 0.9), and a negative genetic correlation was found between mean seed weight and carotenoid concentration in the F-3. To determine the loci responsible for the genetic variation observed, the population was genotyped using 91 sequence tagged microsatellite site markers and two CytP450 markers to generate a genetic map consisting of nine linkage groups and a total length of 344.6 cM. Using quantitative data collected for beta-carotene and lutein concentration and seed weight of the seeds of the F-2 population, we were able to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by interval mapping. At a LOD score of 2, four QTLs for beta-carotene concentration, a single QTL for lutein concentration and three QTLs for seed weight were detected. The results of this investigation may assist in improving the nutritional quality of chickpea. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Frankfurt, Bioctr, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Nutr Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. GenXPro, Frankfurt Innovat Ctr Biotechnol FIZ, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Abbo, S (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, POB 12, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM abbo@agri.huji.ac.il NR 35 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 111 IS 2 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-1930-y PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 948BA UT WOS:000230689800001 PM 15918010 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Gill, BS Chen, MS AF Liu, XM Gill, BS Chen, MS TI Hessian fly resistance gene H13 is mapped to a distal cluster of resistance genes in chromosome 6DS of wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; Hessian fly; resistance gene; H13; gene mapping; marker ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; BREAD WHEAT; D-GENOME; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; COMMON WHEAT; MOLECULAR MARKERS; TAUSCHII; CECIDOMYIIDAE AB H13 is inherited as a major dominant resistance gene in wheat. It was previously mapped to chromosome 6DL and expresses a high level of antibiosis against Hessian fly (Hf) [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] larvae. The objective of this study was to identify tightly linked molecular markers for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding and as a starting point toward the map-based cloning of H13. Fifty-two chromosome 6D-specific microsatellite (simple sequence repeat) markers were tested for linkage to H13 using near-isogenic lines Molly (PI 562619) and Newton-207, and a segregating population consisting of 192 F-2:3 families derived from the cross PI 372129 (Dn4) x Molly (H13). Marker Xcfd132 co-segregated with H13, and several other markers were tightly linked to H13 in the distal region of wheat chromosome 6DS. Deletion analysis assigned H13 to a small region closely proximal to the breakpoint of del6DS-6 (FL 0.99). Further evaluation and comparison of the H13-linked markers revealed that the same chromosome region may also contain H23 in KS89WGRC03, an unnamed H gene (H-WGRC4) in KS89WGRC04, the wheat curl mite resistance gene Cmc4, and a defense response gene Ppo for polyphenol oxidase. Thus, these genes comprise a cluster of arthropod resistance genes. Marker analysis also revealed that a very small intercalary chromosomal segment carrying H13 was transferred from the H13 donor parent to the wheat line Molly. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM mchen@ksu.edu NR 47 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 111 IS 2 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-2009-5 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 948BA UT WOS:000230689800007 PM 15942758 ER PT J AU Portyanko, VA Chen, G Rines, HW Phillips, RL Leonard, KJ Ochocki, GE Stuthman, DD AF Portyanko, VA Chen, G Rines, HW Phillips, RL Leonard, KJ Ochocki, GE Stuthman, DD TI Quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to crown rust, Puccinia coronata, in cultivated oat, Avena sativa L. SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; MOLECULAR LINKAGE MAP; HEXAPLOID OAT; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; INHERITANCE; MARKERS; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION AB To facilitate the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for partial resistance to oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae Eriks., a genetic map was generated in a population of 158 F-6-derived oat recombinant inbred lines from a cross of a partial resistance line MN841801-1 by a susceptible cultivar selection 'Noble-2'. The map, developed using 230 marker loci, mostly restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, spanned 1,509 cM (Haldane) arranged into 30 linkage groups of 2-18 markers each. Four consistently detected major QTLs for partial rust resistance, Prq1a, Prq1b, Prq2, and Prq7, and three minor QTLs, Prq3, Prq5, and Prq6, were found in tests involving three field and two greenhouse environments. In addition, two major QTLs for flowering time, Ftq1 and Ftq7, and five weaker QTLs, Ftq2, Ftq3, Ftq4, Ftq5, and Ftq6, were revealed. Overlapping of the map segments of Ftq1 and Prq1 and of Ftq7 and Prq7 suggested either linkage between the flowering time QTLs and resistance QTLs or a pleiotropic effect of the Ftq QTLs on rust resistance. Relatively low heritability estimates (0.30) obtained for partial resistance to crown rust in the field indicate a potential value for marker-assisted selection. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, USDA, Agr Res Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Ctr Microbial & Plant Genom, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Agr Res Serv, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Rines, HW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, USDA, Agr Res Serv, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rines001@umn.edu NR 48 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 111 IS 2 BP 313 EP 324 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-2024-6 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 948BA UT WOS:000230689800014 PM 15918009 ER PT J AU Faris, JD Friesen, TL AF Faris, JD Friesen, TL TI Identification of quantitative trait loci for race-nonspecific resistance to tan spot in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; NECROSIS-INDUCING TOXIN; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; COMMON WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; PTR TOXA; INHERITANCE; CHLOROSIS; GENE; SENSITIVITY AB Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat growing areas throughout the world. Multiple races of the pathogen have been characterized based on their ability to cause necrosis and/or chlorosis on differential wheat lines. In this research, we evaluated a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the common wheat varieties Grandin and BR34 for reaction to tan spot caused by Ptr races 1-3 and 5. Composite interval mapping revealed QTLs on the short arm of chromosome 1B and the long arm of chromosome 3B that were significantly associated with resistance to all four races. The effects of the two QTLs varied for the different races. The 1B QTL explained from 13% to 29% of the phenotypic variation, whereas the 3B QTL explained from 13% to 41% of the variation. Additional minor QTLs were detected but not associated with resistance to all races. The host-selective toxin Ptr ToxA, which is produced by races 1 and 2, was not a significant factor in the development of disease in this population. The race-nonspecific resistance derived from BR34 may take precedence over the gene-for-gene interaction known to be associated with the wheat-Ptr system. C1 Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Inst, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Inst, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM farisj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 111 IS 2 BP 386 EP 392 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-2033-5 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 948BA UT WOS:000230689800021 PM 15895202 ER PT J AU Wilhelms, KW Cutler, SA Proudman, JA Anderson, LL Scanes, CG AF Wilhelms, KW Cutler, SA Proudman, JA Anderson, LL Scanes, CG TI Atrazine and the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in sexually maturing precocial birds: Studies in male Japanese quail SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE atrazine; male quail; testes; reproductive hormones; endocrine disruptor ID COTURNIX-COTURNIX-JAPONICA; TESTOSTERONE-METABOLISM; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; MALE-RATS; EXPOSURE; GONADOTROPIN; RELEASE; ORGANS; FROGS; CYCLE AB The herbicide atrazine is a putative endocrine disruptor. The present studies investigated the effects of atrazine in male Japanese quail during sexual maturation. Atrazine was administered for two weeks in the diet or systemically to birds under long photoperiods. Atrazine had no effect on mortality but depressed both feed intake and growth (average daily gain [ADG] in g/day) at dietary concentrations of 1000 ppm. Atrazine in the diet at 10 ppm, but at no other concentrations, increased testes weight and gonadal-somatic-index and decreased the seminiferous tubule diameter-to-testis weight ratio. However, there were no effects on absolute tubule diameter, relative stage of testicular development, or the presence of a lumen. Atrazine in the diet at 1000 ppm increased circulating concentrations of testosterone but this effect was not observed consistently in all studies. Dietary atrazine at 10 ppm increased circulating concentrations of estradiol. Moreover, in one study, atrazine at 1000 ppm in the diet decreased circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone. Atrazine administered systemically exerted no effect on indices of growth or reproduction. Atrazine did not mimic the effects of either estradiol or tamoxifen in male quail; thus, atrazine did not exhibit overt estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity. Conversely, atrazine augmented the effects of testosterone and estradiol on testis regression, presumably by increasing the negative-feedback effects of these sex-steroids on follicle stimulating hormone secretion. It is concluded that atrazine up to 1000 ppm in the diet may exert some effects on reproductive development in sexually maturing male birds, but these are inconsistent and modest. C1 Iowa State Univ, Interdept Toxicol Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Scanes, CG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM scanes@research.msstate.edu NR 30 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi170 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 934HI UT WOS:000229699500019 PM 15829615 ER PT J AU Graff, CD Sadeghi, AM Lowrance, RR Williams, RG AF Graff, CD Sadeghi, AM Lowrance, RR Williams, RG TI Quantifying the sensitivity of the riparian ecosystem management model (REMM) to changes in climate and buffer characteristics common to conservation practices SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE buffers; nitrogen; phosphorus; REMM; sensitivity; single variable ID HYDROLOGY; GLEAMS; GIS; WATERSHEDS; COMPONENT; SYSTEM AB Conservation practices, such as buffers, are often installed to mitigate the effects of nutrients and sediment runoff from agricultural practices. The Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM) was developed as process-based model to evaluate the fate of nutrients and sediment through a riparian buffer up to the edge of a stream. A one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis was performed on REMM to evaluate the effects that changing herbaceous buffer scenarios have on N, P, and sediment in surface and ground water. Vegetation characteristics such as rooting depth, LAI, and plant height, along with some physical buffer characteristics were varied within their "typical" range and compared to a "base case" scenario. Model outputs were not sensitive to plant height or LAI, but moderately sensitive to changes in SLA. Model outputs were only sensitive to rooting depth as roots became shallower in the soil profile. Sediment yield and dissolved nitrate in surface water were the most sensitive to changes in Manning's n, while other soil physical characteristics such as surface roughness, surface condition, and % bare soil had little to no effect on model outcomes. Dissolved surface nitrate, organic P, and dissolved subsurface nitrate were all moderately sensitive to changes in saturated hydraulic conductivity and the slope of the buffer. Results indicate that within the model, many vegetation characteristics do not directly play a role in the physical transport of nutrients and sediment in surface and subsurface water; therefore, utilizing REMM to evaluate effects of specific herbaceous plant types may have limited value unless specific leaf area or rooting depth are considered. It would be possible to model and perhaps achieve specific load reductions by modifying slope and other physical characteristics or by considering forest versus grass buffers. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Graff, CD (reprint author), 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC W,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM graffc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1377 EP 1387 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 961KX UT WOS:000231662300009 ER EF