FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kovaleva, ES Masler, EP Subbotin, SA Chitwood, DJ AF Kovaleva, ES Masler, EP Subbotin, SA Chitwood, DJ TI Molecular characterization of aldolase from Heterodera glycines and Globodera rostochiensis SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aldolase; cyst nematode; enzyme; gene; Globodera; Heterodera; intron ID FRUCTOSE-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE; CLASS-I ALDOLASES; FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; TURBATRIX-ACETI; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; NEMATODA; ENZYMES AB Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) is a key enzyme in glycolysis. We have characterized full-length coding sequences for aldolase genes from the cyst nematodes Heterodera glycines and Globodera rostochiensis, the first for any plant-parasitic nematode. Nucleotide homology is high (83% identity), and the respective sequences encode 40 kDa proteins with 89% amino acid identity. Genomic sequences contain six introns located at identical positions in both genes. Intron 4 in the H. glycines gene is > 500 bp. Partial genomic sequences determined for seven other cyst nematode species reveal that the large fourth intron is characteristic of Heterodera but not Globodera aldolase genes. Total aldolase-like specific activity in homogenates from H. glycines was 2-fold lower than in either Caenorhabditis elegans or Panagrellus redivivus (P = 0.001). Activity in H. glycines samples was higher in juvenile stages than in adults (P = 0.003). Heterodera glycines aldolase has Km 41 mu M and is inhibited by treatment with carboxypeptidase A or sodium borohydride. C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Kovaleva, ES (reprint author), Chesapeake PERL Inc, 8510 Corridor Rd, Savage, MD 20763 USA. EM chitwood@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 292 EP 296 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 002UU UT WOS:000234638000010 PM 19262876 ER PT J AU Handoo, ZA Skantar, AM Carta, LK Erbe, EF AF Handoo, ZA Skantar, AM Carta, LK Erbe, EF TI Morphological and molecular characterization of a new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne thailandica n. sp (Nematoda : Meloidogynidae), parasitizing ginger (Zingiber sp.) SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ginger; intergenic spacer (IGS); internal transcribed spacer (ITS1); large subunit (LSU); Meloidogyne; morphology; new species; ribosomal DNA; root-knot nematode; scanning electron microscopy; taxonomy; Thailand ID PERINEAL PATTERNS; REGION; RDNA; HETERODERIDAE; SEQUENCES; INCOGNITA AB A root-knot nematode Meloidogyne thailandica n. sp. was discovered on roots of ginger (Zingiber spp.) intercepted from Thailand in October 2002 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service at the port of San Francisco. Comparison by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to five other morphologically related species (M. incognita, M. arenaria, M. microcephala, M. megatyla, and M. enterolobii) revealed that the new species differs from these by one or more of the following: body, tail and hyaline tail length, shape of head, tail and tail terminus of second-stagejuveniles; stylet length and shape of spicules in males; perineal pattern, stylet length and shape of knobs in females. The distinctive perineal pattern is oval to rectangular, with smooth to moderately wavy and coarse striae, and with characteristic radial structures present underneath the pattern area; the dorsal arch is high, sometimes round to rectangular, and striae in and around the anal area form a thick network-like pattern interrupted by lateral lines and large phasmids. Second-stage juveniles have a long, slender tail and long, gradually tapering hyaline tail region ending in a rounded terminus. Male spicules commonly have an acutely angled shaft with a bidentate terminus. Molecular data from the ribosomal large subunit D3 expansion segment revealed four haplotypes, two of which were unique and distinguish M. thailandica n. sp. from M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica. C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Electron Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Handoo, ZA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM handooz@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 343 EP 353 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 002UU UT WOS:000234638000017 PM 19262883 ER PT J AU Li, Y Wang, LP Schuschke, DA Zhou, ZX Saari, JT Kang, YJ AF Li, Y Wang, LP Schuschke, DA Zhou, ZX Saari, JT Kang, YJ TI Marginal dietary copper restriction induces cardiomyopathy in rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cardiac dysfunction; cardiomyopathy; copper deficiency; myocardial fibrosis; myocyte hypertrophy ID ISCHEMIC HEART-DISEASE; DEFICIENT RATS; CARDIAC ULTRASTRUCTURE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; UNIFIED PERSPECTIVE; METAL CONTENT; CELL-DEATH; MICE; HYPERTROPHY; MAGNESIUM AB Prior studies have provided evidence of marginal dietary copper restriction in humans. The present study was undertaken to examine in a rat model the effect of a long-term marginal dietary Cu deficiency on the heart. Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-76 diet containing 6.0 (control), 3.0, or 1.5 mg Cu/kg starting at 11 wk of age. Groups of rats were killed at 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 mo after initiation of feeding, and the same experiment was repeated once. The only systemic change induced by marginal dietary Cu restriction (P < 0.05) was depression of organ Cu concentrations in rats fed 1.5 mg Cu/kg diet. Cardiac pathological manifestations in rats fed lower Cu diets were evidenced by histopathological, ultrastructural, and functional alterations. Myocyte hypertrophy and excessive collagen deposition in the heart occurred in rats fed 1.5 mg Cu/kg diet. Ultrastructural changes, including increased number and volume of mitochondria along with disruption of cristae structure, diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and electrocardiograph alterations, occurred in rats fed 1.5 or 3.0 mg Cu/kg diet. These results demonstrate that, in the absence of most indications of systemic Cu deficiency, heart morphology and function are sensitive to marginal Cu deficiency. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Kang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM yjkang01@louisville.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL63760] NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 135 IS 9 BP 2130 EP 2136 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 963CN UT WOS:000231780800011 PM 16140888 ER PT J AU Molaison, EF Connell, CL Stuff, JE Yadrick, MK Bogle, M AF Molaison, EF Connell, CL Stuff, JE Yadrick, MK Bogle, M TI Influences on fruit and vegetable consumption by low-income black American adolescents SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE fruits and vegetables; low-income adolescents; Social Cognitive Theory; focus groups; black American ID CHILDREN; BEHAVIORS; PROJECT; PARENTS; AFRICAN; FAMILY AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify personal, behavioral, and environmental factors influencing fruit and vegetable consumption among 10- to 13-year-old low-income black American youth in the lower Mississippi Delta region. Social Cognitive Theory, along with other theoretical constructs, guided focus group questions and analysis. Design: A qualitative study using focus group methodology. Setting: Enrichment program of a sports summer camp for low-income youth. Participants: Forty-two adolescents (21 female, 21 male) participated in 6 focus groups. Main Outcome Measures: Personal, behavioral, and environmental influences on fruit and vegetable consumption. Analysis: Content analysis methods were used by 3 independent reviewers to identify themes within the focus group transcripts. Themes were summarized and then categorized into the 3 domains of Social Cognitive Theory. Results: The major themes were taste, availability, extended family influence, visual proof of the benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption, and the need for gender-specific behavioral skills. Conclusions and Implications: This formative research will aid in the development of a culturally relevant nutrition intervention for low-income black American adolescents in the lower Mississippi Delta region. The results indicate that this group is more likely to respond to interventions that use role models who can provide proof that fruit and vegetable consumption is related to improved health. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initiat, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initiat, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Molaison, EF (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, 118 Coll Dr 5172, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM Elaine.Molaison@usm.edu NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 37 IS 5 BP 246 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60279-0 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 958ES UT WOS:000231428100006 PM 16053813 ER PT J AU Ausman, LM Rong, N Nicolosi, RJ AF Ausman, LM Rong, N Nicolosi, RJ TI Hypocholesterolemic effect of physically refined rice bran oil: studies of cholesterol metabolism and early atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rice bran oil; cholesterol; absorption; HMG-CoA reductase activity; bile acids; neutral sterols; fatty streak area ID GAMMA-ORYZANOL; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; FATTY-ACIDS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; STEROL BALANCE; PLANT STEROLS; DIETARY-FAT; BILE-ACIDS; RATS AB Physically refined rice bran oil containing 2-4% nontriglyceride components as compared to other vegetable oils appears to be associated with lipid lowering and antiinflammatory properties in several rodent, primate and human models. These experiments were designed to investigate possible mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effect of the physically refined rice bran oil and to examine its effect on aortic fatty streak formation. In the first experiment, 30 hamsters were fed, for 8 weeks, chow-based diets plus 0.03% added cholesterol and 5% (wt/wt) coconut, canola, or physically refined rice bran oil (COCO, CANOLA or PRBO animal groups, respectively). Both plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly reduced in PRBO but not in CANOLA relative to COCO. PRBO also showed a significant 15-17% reduction in cholesterol absorption and significant 30% increase in neutral sterol (NS) excretion with no effect on bile acid (BA) excretion. Both CANOLA and PRBO showed a significant 300-500% increase in intestinal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and significant (> 25%) decrease in hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activities with respect to COCO. In a second experiment, 36 hamsters were fed chow-based diets with 0.05% added cholesterol, 10% coconut oil and 4% additional COCO, CANOLA or PRBO. Relative to COCO and CANOLA, plasma TC and LDL-C were significantly reduced in PRBO. Early atherosclerosis (fatty streak formation) was significantly reduced (48%) only in PRBO, relative to the other two. These results suggest that the lipid lowering found in PRBO is associated with decreased cholesterol absorption, but not hepatic cholesterol synthesis, and that the decrease in fatty streak formation with this oil may be associated with its nontriglyceride components not present in the other two diets. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Chron Dis Control, Dept Clin Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Ausman, LM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM lynne.ausman@tufts.edu NR 65 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 9 BP 521 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.01.012 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 965FX UT WOS:000231937000002 PM 16115540 ER PT J AU Rigby, JK Karl, SM Blodgett, RB Baichtal, JE AF Rigby, JK Karl, SM Blodgett, RB Baichtal, JE TI Ordovician "sphinctozoan" sponges from Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A faunule of silicified hypercalcified "sphinctozoan" sponges has been recovered from a clast of Upper Ordovician limestone out of the Early Devonian Karheen Formation on Prince of Wales Island in southeastern Alaska. Included in the faunule are abundant examples of the new genus Girtyocoeliana, represented by Girtyocoeliana epiporata (Rigby and Potter), and Corymbospongia adnata Rigby and Potter, along with rare Corymbospongia amplia n. sp., and Girtyocoelia(?) sp., plus common Amblysiphonella sp. I and rare Amblysiphonella(?) sp. 2. The assemblage is similar to that from Ordovician clasts from the eastern Klamath Mountains of northern California. This indicates that the Alexander terrane of southeastern Alaska is related paleogeographically to the lithologically and paleontologically similar terrane of the eastern Klamath Mountains. This lithology and fossil assemblage of the clast cannot be tied to any currently known local rock units on Prince of Wales Island. Other clasts in the conglomerate appear to have been locally derived, so it is inferred that the limestone clasts were also locally derived, indicating the presence of a previously undocumented Ordovician limestone unit on northern Prince of Wales Island. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Geol Survey, BR Alaskan Geol, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Thorne Bay, AK 99919 USA. RP Rigby, JK (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM rigbyjkeith@qwest.net; skarl@usgs.gov; blodgettr@bcc.orst.edu; jbaichtal@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 79 IS 5 BP 862 EP 870 DI 10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0862:OSSFPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 959KV UT WOS:000231517500003 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RT AF Reynolds, RT TI Suzanne Merideth Joy - 12 April 1961-7 December 2004 - In memoriam SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Reynolds, RT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A,Suite 350,Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Reynolds, Richard/C-2190-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 190 EP 191 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500002 ER PT J AU Andersen, DE DeStefano, S Goldstein, MI Titus, K Crocker-Bedford, C Keane, JJ Anthony, RG Rosenfield, RN AF Andersen, DE DeStefano, S Goldstein, MI Titus, K Crocker-Bedford, C Keane, JJ Anthony, RG Rosenfield, RN TI Technical review of the status of Northern Goshawks in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Northern Goshawks held in Conjunction with Annual Meeting of the Raptor-Research-Foundation CY SEP 04-05, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Raptor Res Fdn DE Northern Goshawk; Accipiter gentilis atricapillus; western US; status; review; population trend; genetic structure; habitat relations ID ACCIPITER-GENTILIS-ATRICAPILLUS; FOREST STRUCTURE; COEXISTING ACCIPITER; NESTING HABITAT; CROCKER-BEDFORD; PREY ABUNDANCE; COOPERS-HAWKS; AREAS; WASHINGTON; MANAGEMENT AB The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) was petitioned in 1997 to consider listing Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, west of the 1001 meridian of the contiguous United States. In their 12-mo finding issued in June 1998, the FWS determined that listing this population as threatened or endangered was not warranted and based that decision on review of existing population and habitat information. Because the status of goshawks in the western U.S. continues to be contentious and the FWS finding has been challenged, the Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. and The Wildlife Society jointly formed a committee to review information regarding the status of the goshawk population in the contiguous U.S. west of the 100(th), meridian. The committee was requested to: (1) determine if there is evidence of a population trend in goshawks in the western U.S., excluding Alaska; (2) determine if there is evidence that goshawks nesting in the eastern and western U.S. represent distinctive, genetically unique populations; and (3) evaluate evidence for goshawk-habitat relations, including any association with large, mostly-unbroken tracts of old growth and mature forests. Based on existing information, the committee concluded: (1) existing data are not adequate to assess population trend in goshawks west of the 100(th) meridian; (2) existing analyses of phylogeography have not provided evidence of genetic differences among recognized (atricapillus, laingi) or putative (apache) subspecies, and the genetic distinctness of atricapillus goshawks in western and eastern North America is not known; and (3) at present, assessing the status of goshawks solely using distribution of late-successional forests is not appropriate, based on the current understanding of goshawk-habitat relations, although goshawks clearly use and often select late-successional forests for nesting and foraging. We provide recommendations on information needs to assess status and population trend of goshawks in the western U.S. C1 US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. US Pk Serv, Grand Canyon Natl Pk, Grand Canyon, AZ 86023 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Andersen, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dea@umn.edu NR 92 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 14 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 192 EP 209 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500003 ER PT J AU Wiens, JD Reynolds, FT AF Wiens, JD Reynolds, FT TI Is fledging success a reliable index of fitness in Northern Goshawks? SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Northern Goshawks held in Conjunction with Annual Meeting of the Raptor-Research-Foundation CY SEP 04-05, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Raptor Res Fdn DE Northern Goshawk; Accipiter gentilis; fitness; individual heterogeneity; Kaibab Plateau; recruitment; reproductive success ID ACCIPITER-GENTILIS-ATRICAPILLUS; EXTRA-PAIR FERTILIZATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SMALL POPULATIONS; HABITAT QUALITY; GENE FLOW; DISPERSAL; OWLS; AGE; RECRUITMENT AB Fledging Success is often assumed to be a reliable index of reproductive success (i.e., fitness) in the ornithological literature. We examined the validity of this assumption in a large Population of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) on the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona, at both the population and individual levels. We used mark-recapture data from 558 fledglings produced at 494 nests over a 10-yr period to assess the hypothesis that the number of fledglings returning to breed from an annual fledgling cohort is positively correlated with the size of the cohort. Natal philopatry was low and recruitment was gradual: only 48 fledglings (8.6%) returned to breed between 2-8 yr of age ((x) over bar = 3.5 yr). We found no evidence that the breeding population produced more local recruits in years of high fledgling production than in years of low fledgling production. At the individual level, however, fledgling product-ion for 290 breeding adults was related to their contributions to the future breeding population. Variation in fitness potential among territorial adults was high, as only 20% of the breeding population produced nearly 50% of the fledglings and 84% of the local recruits during the study. Our results indicate that measures of annual productivity for a large breeding population were not reflective of reproductive success, whereas measures of individual productivity were. We conclude that fledging success of individual goshawks is a reliable index of fitness, but that population productivity is a poor predictor of local recruitment. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wiens, JD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A,Suite 350,Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jdwiens@comcast.net NR 49 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 210 EP 221 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500004 ER PT J AU Salafsky, SR Reynolds, RT Noon, BR AF Salafsky, SR Reynolds, RT Noon, BR TI Patterns of temporal variation in goshawk reproduction and prey resources SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Northern Goshawks held in Conjunction with Annual Meeting of the Raptor-Research-Foundation CY SEP 04-05, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Raptor Res Fdn DE Northern Goshawk; Accipiter gentilis; diet; distance sampling; predator-prey dynamics; prey density; productivity ID NORTHERN GOSHAWKS; SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD; SURVIVAL AB To investigate whether Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) reproduction is food-limited, we evaluated the reproductive output from 401 goshawk breeding opportunities on the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona during 1999-2002. Concurrently, we estimated densities of 10 goshawk prey species (seven birds, three mammals) using distance sampling. We then assessed the relationship between goshawk productivity (number of fledglings produced) and prey density within and among years by relating the contribution of individual prey species and total prey density to goshawk productivity. We also estimated the proportion of total diet and biomass for each species that contributed >= 3% of all prey items. Total prey density was highly correlated with variation in goshawk productivity (r(2) = 0.98, P = 0.012). Red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) density explained more variation in goshawk productivity than any other species (r(2) = 0.94, P = 0.031), but density could not be estimated for every predominant prey species in goshawk diets. However, only red squirrels had a positive and significant relationship to goshawk productivity in terms of frequency (r(2) = 0.97, P = 0.014) and biomass (r(2) = 0.95, P = 0.033). Northern Flickers (Colaptes auratus) and cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.), which Contributed the greatest frequency and biomass, respectively, to goshawk diets, showed no relationship With goshawk productivity. Even though goshawks on the Kaibab Plateau have a diverse diet and will readily switch to alternate prey species, goshawk productivity Showed significant interannual variation. Our results suggest that the magnitude of goshawk productivity was determined by total prey density and annual variation was driven by differences in the densities of critical prey species. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Salafsky, SR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn,2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A,Suite 350, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM salafsky@lamar.colostate.edu RI Reynolds, Richard/C-2190-2014 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 237 EP 246 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500007 ER PT J AU Bayard de Volo, S Reynolds, RT Topinka, JR May, B Antolin, MF AF Bayard de Volo, S Reynolds, RT Topinka, JR May, B Antolin, MF TI Population genetics and genotyping for mark-recapture studies of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) on the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Northern Goshawks held in Conjunction with Annual Meeting of the Raptor-Research-Foundation CY SEP 04-05, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Raptor Res Fdn DE Northern Goshawk; Accipiter gentilis; capture-recapture; genetic tagging; individual identification; molecular sexing; probability of identity ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; CROSS-AMPLIFICATION; BIRDS; IDENTIFICATION; MOLECULES; INFERENCE; SIZE AB Advances in molecular techniques have facilitated use of genetic data in demographic wildlife studies. An important first Step in genetic mark-recapture is selecting markers that uniquely "mark" and reliably "recapture" individuals. Markers should be tested on reliable DNA from known individuals (blood) before being used on non-invasively sampled DNA (hair, scat, or molted feathers). To evaluate whether Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) can be uniquely identified by genotyping, 113 known (banded, sexed) goshawks from the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona, were genotyped using DNA from blood and five microsatellite markers and a sex-linked gene. We used mean relatedness to test whether adults in the population were related and probability of identity (P-(ID) = probability that two random individuals from the population have the same genotype) to test the ability of multi-locus genotyping for uniquely identifying goshawks. We used genetic data to assess inbreeding and demographic data to estimate the effective population size. Sixty-nine adult goshawks were sexed correctly and genotyped. Expected heterozygosity was high (H-E = 0.81), and relatedness among adult, was low (r = -0.017). All individuals sampled (69 adults, 44 nestlings) had unique five-locus genotypes, the overall probability of identity was low (P-(ID)unbiased = 7.03 X 10(-7)), and the observed P-(ID) was <0.0001. Thus, Kaibab goshawks were uniquely "marked" by genotyping. Despite a small effective population size (N-e, = 37 individuals), goshawks on the Kaibab Plateau functioned as a large breeding population with no inbreeding (F-IS = -0.001). We hypothesized that genetic diversity is maintained by gene flow via immigration of individuals from distant forests. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Gen Variat Lab, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bayard de Volo, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sbdv@cnr.colostate.edu RI Bayard de Volo, Shelley/G-4463-2011; Reynolds, Richard/C-2190-2014 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 286 EP 295 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500012 ER PT J AU Boyce, DA Kennedy, PL Beier, P Ingraldi, MF MacVean, SR Siders, MS Squires, JR Woodbridge, B AF Boyce, DA Kennedy, PL Beier, P Ingraldi, MF MacVean, SR Siders, MS Squires, JR Woodbridge, B TI When are goshawks not there? Is a single visit enough to infer absence at occupied nest areas? SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecology and Management of Northern Goshawks held in Conjunction with Annual Meeting of the Raptor-Research-Foundation CY SEP 04-05, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Raptor Res Fdn DE Northern Goshawk; Accipiter gentilis; detection rates; forest management; nest area; occupancy; repeated sampling ID BROADCAST SURVEYS; EFFICACY; CALLS; DAWN AB We tested the efficacy of three methods (historical nest search, broadcast search, and tree transect search) for detecting presence of the Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) at occupied nest areas during the 1994 breeding season using only a single visit to a previously known nest area. We used detection rates in a probability model to determine how many visits are required to have confidence in reporting absence of goshawks. The purpose of this study is to understand if the three methods for detecting goshawks are robust enough for managers to rely on them for making land management decisions that may impact goshawk nest areas. Blind tests were conducted throughout the western United States. Results were similar among methods with goshawk presence going undetected at 36-42% of the Occupied nest areas after a single visit. These results indicate that a single visit to a nest area is inadequate to provide reliable information on nest area occupation. Our probability of detection model showed that if each detection method is repeated three (historical or tree transect) or four (broadcast) Limes, goshawk absence can be inferred with a high level of confidence. Conclusions regarding nest area Occupation using a single visit sampling method should be made with utmost caution. Classifying a nest area as vacant, when in fact goshawks are present, is a serious concern and leads to spurious Conclusions. Land managers making habitat-altering decisions should not rely on a single visit to nest areas to establish the absence of goshawks. Possibilities for improving the detection of nesting goshawks include Multiple independent visits using the same method, using a sequence of techniques in combination to yield an improved Cumulative probability of detection, or developing a new method yielding a higher probability of detection. The historical nest search obtained the best results, followed by the tree transect and broadcast search. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Union, OR 97883 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. USDI, Bur Land Management, Kanab, UT 84741 USA. Univ Montana, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. USDI, Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. RP Boyce, DA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn,2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM daboyce@fis.fed.us RI Beier, Paul/K-9294-2013; Kennedy, Patricia/I-4902-2015 OI Beier, Paul/0000-0002-4297-4343; Kennedy, Patricia/0000-0002-2090-1821 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 296 EP 302 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 985UF UT WOS:000233403500013 ER PT J AU Buman, RA Alesii, BA Bradley, JF Hatfield, JL Karlen, DL AF Buman, RA Alesii, BA Bradley, JF Hatfield, JL Karlen, DL TI Profit and yield of tillage in cotton production systems SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conventional tillage; cotton; no-till; strip till ID SOIL QUALITY; GROWTH AB Adoption of conservation tillage for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) increased a modest 5.5 percent from 1992 to 1998 despite the evidence of the benefits to erosion control, soil health, and associated natural resources derived from conservation tillage. The Monsanto Centers of Excellence were established to evaluate the potential benefits of conservation tillage across a range of soils and climates. Our objective is to summarize the results from field-scale studies conducted at 12 Centers of Excellence sites in seven states from 1998 through 2002. No-tillage, strip tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage cotton production were evaluated in this study. All sites had a no-tillage and conventional tillage system, while eight of the 12 sites had a reduced tillage system and two of the 12 sites had a strip tillage system. Differences among tillage systems within a site did not show any significant effects on soil quality indicators. The variability within a site was quite large due to the limited number of samples collected at each location and the short-period of record covered by the study. Lint yield differences between no-tillage, strip tillage, reduced tillage, and conventional tillage systems were not significant. The 5-year average profit for the no-tillage system ranged from $17 to $164 ha(-1) ($7 to $66 ac(-1)) higher than the other 3 systems. Even though these differences were not significant because of large variations in environment, soil type, and production practices between sites and years the profit was always positive for no-till systems compared to other tillage systems. We conclude that farmers, crop consultants, and others should carefully consider overall profit rather than just crop yield when evaluating alternative tillage practices. C1 Agren Inc, Carroll, IA USA. Monsanto Cordilera Ranch, Boeme, TX USA. Beltwide Cotton Genet, Collierville, TN USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Buman, RA (reprint author), Agren Inc, Carroll, IA USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 60 IS 5 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 976XR UT WOS:000232767500009 ER PT J AU Ghidey, F Blanchard, PE Lerch, RN Kitchen, NR Alberts, EE Sadler, EJ AF Ghidey, F Blanchard, PE Lerch, RN Kitchen, NR Alberts, EE Sadler, EJ TI Measurement and simulation of herbicide transport from the corn phase of three cropping systems SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE atrazine; metolachlor; mulch tillage; no-till; water quality ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SURFACE-WATER; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SOIL EROSION; NO-TILL; RUNOFF; ATRAZINE; LOSSES; PESTICIDES; MISSOURI AB Soils that naturally have a significant runoff component because of low permeability, such as claypans or steep slopes, are especially susceptible to herbicide losses in runoff. For these soils, seasonal losses as impacted by management practices are not well quantified. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of three cropping systems on herbicide loss in surface runoff and develop a model that calculates herbicide concentration. Cropping System 1 (CS1) was a mulch tillage corn-soybean rotation system with herbicides surface applied then incorporated. Cropping System 2 (CS2) was a no-till corn-soybean rotation system with herbicides surface applied and not incorporated. Cropping System 5 (CS5) was a no-till corn-soybean-wheat rotation system with split herbicide application in 1997 and 1999 and no incorporation. The study was conducted on 0.37 ha (0.92 ac) plots equipped with flumes and automated samplers. During each runoff event, runoff volumes were measured, and water samples were collected at equal flow increments and analyzed for atrazine [2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyiphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethy/acetamide]. Averaged over years, atrazine and metolachlor losses from CS2 were 2.2 and 1.6 times those from CS1, respectively. Atrazine loss to surface runoff from CS1, CS2, and CS5 accounted for 1.6, 2.5, and 5.7% of the total atrazine applied, respectively. Metolachlor loss to surface runoff accounted for 1.8, 2.0, and 2.0% of the total applied for the three cropping systems. Herbicide concentrations were extremely high in the first runoff event measured after application, particularly when it occurred within a few days after application. A generalized model was developed to account for the effects of time after application, runoff volume, and application rate on herbicide concentration in runoff. Overall, the study showed that accounting for incorporation, split application, runoff volume, and timing of runoff events relative to the day of application can increase the confidence in calculations of the amount of herbicide transported to surface runoff. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO USA. RP Ghidey, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 60 IS 5 BP 260 EP 273 PG 14 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 976XR UT WOS:000232767500012 ER PT J AU Howarth, NC Huang, TTK Roberts, SB McCrory, MA AF Howarth, NC Huang, TTK Roberts, SB McCrory, MA TI Dietary fiber and fat are associated with excess weight in young and middle-aged US adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ENERGY-INTAKE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; CHINESE ADULTS; WOMEN; OBESITY; GAIN; EXPENDITURE; LIMITATIONS AB Objective To examine relative associations of dietary composition variables with body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m(2)) among young and middle-aged US adults. We hypothesized that in subjects with physiologically plausible reported energy intakes, fiber intake would be inversely associated with BMI, independent of other dietary composition and sociodemographic variables. Subjects and design Data from adults age 20 to 59 years in the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) 1994-1996 were used. Exclusions were pregnancy or lactation, food insecurity, missing weight or height data, or having only one dietary recall. Based on our previously published methods, a physiologically plausible reported energy intake was calculated as being within +/- 22% of predicted energy requirements for the mean of two 24-hour recalls. Results Reporting plausibility ([reported energy intake predicted energy requirements] X 100) averaged 83% in the total sample (N=4,539) and increased to 96% in the plausible sample (n=1,932). Only approximately 5% of the plausible sample consumed the Adequate Intake for fiber. In plausibly reporting women, fiber, its interaction with percentage energy from fat, and energy density were independently associated with BMI. Only percentage energy from fat was associated with BMI in men reporting plausibly. Compared with the total sample, stronger relationships between diet and BMI were observed among the plausible reporters. In women, a low-fiber (< 1.5 g/MJ*) high-fat ( >= 35% energy) diet was associated with the greatest increase in risk of overweight or obesity compared with a high-fiber, low-fat diet. Conclusions Weight control advice for US women should place greater emphasis on consumption of fiber. C1 Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Bastry Univ, Sch Nutr & Exercise Sci, Kenmore, WA 98028 USA. RP McCrory, MA (reprint author), Bastry Univ, Sch Nutr & Exercise Sci, Room 464,14500 Juanita Dr NE, Kenmore, WA 98028 USA. EM mmccrory@bastyr.edu NR 45 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1365 EP 1372 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2005.06.001 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 962CY UT WOS:000231709800008 PM 16129077 ER PT J AU Nicklas, TA Weaver, C Britten, P Stitzel, KF AF Nicklas, TA Weaver, C Britten, P Stitzel, KF TI The 2005 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee: Developing a key message SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NUTRIENT-DENSITY FOODS; VITAMIN-D; UNITED-STATES; NORMAL-WEIGHT; ENERGY-DENSE; POOR FOODS; NHANES-III; VARIETY; CONSUMPTION; ADULTS AB The 2005 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee used an evidence-based approach to evaluate the science base for the relationships of diet and physical activity and health. Nine key messages and corresponding conclusions were included in the 2005 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee report. This article describes the development process, scientific basis, and specific recommendations for one of the key messages. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Rockville, MD USA. RP Nicklas, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tnicklas@bcm.tmc.edu NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1418 EP 1424 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2005.06.023 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 962CY UT WOS:000231709800015 PM 16129084 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, JF TI List of species described in the egg stage of tribe Aedini (Diptera : Culicidae) with their literature citations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE Aedini; eggs; mosquitoes ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PSOROPHORA-COLUMBIAE; FINE-STRUCTURE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; MOSQUITOES; MORPHOLOGY; OVIPOSITION; ATROPALPUS AB Species of Aedini with published morphological descriptions and/or illustrations of eggs are listed with their literature citations. Each species has a notation indicating descriptions are written, illustrated or both. Only approximately 16% of aedine species currently have morphological descriptions published for the egg stage. The new classification of tribe Aedini proposed by Reinert et al. (2004) is utilized. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 164 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 252 EP 262 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[252:LOSDIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 965MW UT WOS:000231955600003 PM 16252514 ER PT J AU Xue, RD Barnard, DR AF Xue, RD Barnard, DR TI Attraction, feeding, and repellency responses in mutant strains of Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE attractant; behavior; mosquito; mutant; repellent ID MOSQUITO; OLFACTOMETER; CULICIDAE; STIMULI; DIPTERA AB In a laboratory olfactometer, 12% of female Aedes aegypti with a marker gene for red eye (re), 0.7% of females with a marker gene for white eye (we), and 54.1% of females with normal (norm) eye color were attracted to odor from a human hand. When a synthetic attractant blend was used in place of the hand, the attraction rate was 7%, 0.3%, and 35.4%, respectively. On average, re females required significantly less time (76.8 see) than we (189.6 see) or norm (176.7 see) females to locate, land on, and probe human skin but no difference was found between mosquito strains in the time required for females to bloodfeed to repletion on a restrained guinea pig. Differences among mosquito strains in the repellency of 15% diethyltoluamide (deet), 6.65% deet, and 10% citronella were not significant. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Xue, RD (reprint author), Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, POB 1409, St Augustine, FL 32805 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[263:AFARRI]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 965MW UT WOS:000231955600004 PM 16252515 ER PT J AU Allan, SA Bernier, UR Kline, DL AF Allan, SA Bernier, UR Kline, DL TI Evaluation of oviposition substrates and organic infusions on collection of Culex in Florida SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquito; organic infusion; oviposition attractant; Culex quinquefasciatus; Culex nigripalpus ID BERMUDA GRASS INFUSIONS; ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY DIPTERA; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; MEDIATING OVIPOSITION; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; CULICIDAE; TARSALIS; MOSQUITOS; RESPONSES AB Gravid mosquito traps are commonly used for both arbovirus surveillance and population surveillance of mosquitoes of the genus Culex. Oviposition substrates, used as baits in these traps, were tested against Culex under laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory all substrates tested as 1% and 10% dilutions in 2-choice bioassays against female Cx. quinquefasciatus were significantly more effective than well water controls in eliciting oviposition. Strongest responses were to dilutions of dairy effluent, followed by larval water and infusions of alfalfa hay, alfalfa pellets, Bermuda hay, oak leaves, and Typha leaves, with lowest responses to cow manure infusion. In the field, few significant differences in collections were obtained between traps baited with different infusions. Significantly more Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. nigripalpus were collected in traps baited with cow manure infusion (highest) compared to alfalfa hay infusion (lowest). Responses of Cx. quinquefasciatus to dairy effluent and infusions of Bermuda hay, oak leaves, and Typha leaves were not significantly different from either cow manure infusion or alfalfa hay infusion. Responses of Cx. nigripalpus were highest to cow manure infusion and equally low to infusions of alfalfa hay and Typha leaves; moderate responses were observed to dairy effluent and infusions of Bermuda hay and oak leaves. Gravid females comprised 66.7-81.9% of the collections for each infusion type, with no significant difference among infusions in the proportion of gravid females collected. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Allan, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[268:EOOSAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 965MW UT WOS:000231955600005 PM 16252516 ER PT J AU Ashby, RD Nunez, A Solaiman, DKY Foglia, TA AF Ashby, RD Nunez, A Solaiman, DKY Foglia, TA TI Sophorolipid biosynthesis from a biodiesel co-product stream SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biodiesel co-product stream; Candida bombicola; glycerol; sophorolipid ID LIPID PRODUCTION; CANDIDA-BOMBICOLA; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB We applied a biodiesel co-product stream (BCS) as a fermentation feedstock for the microbial synthesis of sophorolipids (SL). The BCS was composed of 40% glycerol, 34% hexane-solubles (made up of 92% FA soaps/FAME and 6% MAG/DAG), and 26% water. Batch culture fermentations of the yeast Candida bombicola on pure glycerol resulted in low-level synthesis of SL (similar to 9 g/L). HPLC associated with atmospheric pressure CI-MS (LC/APCI-MS) revealed that the SL derived from pure glycerol had 99% of the FA side chains linked to the 4 '' hydroxyl group of the sophorose sugar, resulting in a lactonic structure. In contrast, the use of the BCS as feedstock increased the SL yield to 60 g/L and the open-chain form to 75% including both oleic acid and linoleic acid (along with their methyl esters) as the dominant species comprising the side chains. By favoring the open-chain structure, the SL molecules (particularly the FA side chain) can be chemically modified without the need to open a lactone ring first. The ability to use the BCS as a feedstock for SL synthesis will provide an outlet for this residual material, thus helping to stimulate growth in the biodiesel market and the use of agricultural fats and oils from which the biodiesel was synthesized. C1 USDA, ARS, ERRC, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ashby, RD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ERRC, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rashby@erre.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 82 IS 9 BP 625 EP 630 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1120-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 975OF UT WOS:000232671100003 ER PT J AU Warner, K Laszlo, JA AF Warner, K Laszlo, JA TI Addition of ferulic acid, ethyl ferulate, and feruloylated monoacyl- and diacylglycerols to salad oils and frying oils SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 94th Annual Meeting of the American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY MAY, 2003 CL Kansas City, MO SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc DE antioxidants; ethyl ferulate; ferulic acid; fried food; oil; odor; potato chips; soybean oil ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CARNOSIC ACID; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; HEATED TRIOLEIN; ROSEMARY; CONSTITUENTS; TRILINOLEIN; STABILITY; OXIDATION; PRODUCTS AB To determine antioxidative effects of ferulic acid and esterified ferulic acids, these compounds were added to soybean oils (SBO), which were evaluated for oxidative stability and frying stability. Additives included feruloylated MAG and DAG (FMG/FDG), ferulic acid, ethyl ferulate, and TBHQ. After frying tests with potato chips, oils were analyzed for retention of additives and polar compounds. Chips were evaluated for hexanal and rancid odor. After 15 h frying, 71% of FMG/FDG was retained, whereas 55% of ethyl ferulate was retained. TBHQ and ferulic acid levels were 6% and < 1%, respectively. Frying oils with ethyl ferulate or TBHQ produced significantly less polar compounds than SBO with no additives. Chips fried in SBO with TBHQ or ferulic acid had significantly lower amounts of hexanal and significantly less rancid odor after 8 d at 60 degrees C than other samples. Oils were also aged at 60 degrees C, and stability was analyzed by PV, hexanal, and rancid odor. Oils with TBHQ or FMG/FDG had significantly less peroxides and hexanal, and a lower rancid odor intensity than the control. FMG/FDG inhibited deterioration at 60 degrees C, whereas ethyl ferulate inhibited the formation of polar compounds in frying oil. Ferulic acid acted as an antioxidant in aged fried food. TBHQ inhibited oil degradation at both temperatures. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM wamerk@ncaur.usda.gov NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 82 IS 9 BP 647 EP 652 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1123-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 975OF UT WOS:000232671100006 ER PT J AU Connor, AM Finn, CE McGhie, TK Alspach, PA AF Connor, AM Finn, CE McGhie, TK Alspach, PA TI Genetic and environmental variation in anthocyanins and their relationship to antioxidant activity in blackberry and hybridberry cultivars SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phenolic; Rubus; phenotypic correlation ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CANCER PREVENTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RUBUS; CAPACITY; PIGMENTS; FRUIT; VASORELAXATION; VEGETABLES; PHENOLICS AB Dietary anthocyanins (ACYs) may give health benefits through their antioxidant activity (AA) or other physiological effects. We examined AA and ACY profiles and contents in 16 blackberry and hybridberry (Rubus L. species) cultivars harvested in 2002 and 2003 in New Zealand and Oregon. Total ACY content varied widely among cultivars harvested from a single site in a single year (e.g., from 58 to 343 mg/100 g fruit Oregon in 2003). For the 12 cultivars common to both sites and years, cultivar and year within location significantly affected total ACY content, accounting for 40% and 10% of total variation, respectively. Cultivar interactions with both location and year within location were also significant, together accounting for 39% of variation. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside were identified in all cultivars in both locations in at least 1 year. Compared with total ACY, cultivar accounted for more variation in these two ACYs (63% and 92%, respectively), while cultivar interactions together accounted for a smaller, but statistically significant, proportion of variation (23% and 7%, respectively). Cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside and cyanidin 3-0-(2(G)-glucosylrutinoside) were identified in only four cultivars. Cultivar effects accounted for 64% and 76% of variation in these ACYs, respectively, while cultivar interactions together contributed 18% and 24%, respectively. For AA, cultivar effects were not significant, contributing 11% of variation; in contrast, year effect and cultivar x environment interactions were significant, contributing 22% and 55% of total variation, respectively. Based on cultivar means for all 16 genotypes, the phenotypic correlation between AA and total ACY was positive but lower than that between AA and total phenolic content (TPH) (r = 0.63 and 0.97, respectively). Combinations of individual ACYs did not provide higher correlations with AA. Thus, ACY profiles and content are not as useful as TPH as a proxy measurement for AA. C1 HortRes, Ruakura Res Ctr, Hamilton, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. HortRes, Batchelar Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. HortRes, Nelson Res Ctr, Motueka, New Zealand. RP Connor, AM (reprint author), HortRes, Ruakura Res Ctr, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand. RI McGhie, Tony/C-1459-2009 OI McGhie, Tony/0000-0002-8016-0244 NR 37 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 130 IS 5 BP 680 EP 687 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 965DL UT WOS:000231930200004 ER PT J AU Vorsa, N Polashock, JJ AF Vorsa, N Polashock, JJ TI Alteration of anthocyanin glycosylation in cranberry through interspecific hybridization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium macrocarpon; Vaccinium oxycoccus; antioxidant; bioavailability; flavonoid ID FIMBRIATED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INHIBIT ADHERENCE; TRANSPORT PATHWAY; ABSORPTION; FLAVONOIDS; BIOSYNTHESIS; GLYCOSIDES; FRUITS; PLANTS; RATS AB The flavonoids of american cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) are documented to be beneficial for human health. Among their benefits is a high antioxidant potential, with anthocyanin glycosides being the main contributors. Flavonoid glucose conjugates are reported to be more bioavailable than those with other sugar conjugates. The anthocyanin glycosides of V macrocarpon fruit are mainly galactosides and arabinosides of the aglycones, cyanidin and peonidin, with less than 8% glucosides. In contrast, the fruit anthocyanins of another cranberry species, V. oxycoccus L. were found to be largely glucosides of cyanidin and peonidin. Interspecific hybrids between these two species were intermediate to the parental species in the proportion of fruit anthocyanin glucosides. About half the progeny (1:1 segregation) in a backcross population (to V. macrocarpon) maintained the relatively high anthocyanin glucoside ratio. In this study, we demonstrate the genetic manipulation of anthocyanin glycosylation in cranberry using interspecific hybridization, resulting in dramatically increased glucose-conjugated anthocyanins. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Polashock, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM jpolashock@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 130 IS 5 BP 711 EP 715 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 965DL UT WOS:000231930200009 ER PT J AU Stafne, ET Clark, JR Weber, CA Graham, J Lewers, KS AF Stafne, ET Clark, JR Weber, CA Graham, J Lewers, KS TI Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for genetic mapping of raspberry and blackberry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria; Rosa; Rubus alceifolius; Rubus idaeus; Rubus occidentalis; Rubus subgenus Rubus ID ALCEIFOLIUS POIR. ROSACEAE; CHLOROPLAST DNA DIVERSITY; LINKAGE MAP; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; ASSISTED SELECTION; INVASIVE WEED; IDENTIFICATION; RED; L.; POLYMORPHISM AB Interest in molecular markers and genetic maps is growing among researchers developing new cultivars of Rubus L. (raspberry and blackberry). Several traits of interest fail to express in seedlings or reliably in some environments and are candidates for marker-assisted selection. A growing number of simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers derived from Rubus and Fragaria L. (strawberry) are available for use with Rubus mapping populations. The objectives of this study were to test 142 of these SSR markers to screen raspberry and blackberry parental genotypes for potential use in existing mapping populations that segregate for traits of interest, determine the extent of inter-species and inter-genera transferability with amplification, and determine the level of polymorphism among the parents. Up to 32 of the SSR primer pairs tested may be useful for genetic mapping in both the blackberry population and at least one of the raspberry populations. The maximum number of SSR primer pairs found useable for mapping was 60 for the raspberry population and 45 for the blackberry population. Acquisition of many more nucleotide sequences from red raspberry, black raspberry, and blackberry are required to develop useful molecular markers and genetic maps for these species. Rubus, family Rosaceae, is a highly diverse genus that contains hundreds of heterozygous species. The family is one of the most agronomically important plant families in temperate regions of the world, although they also occur in tropical and arctic regions as well. The most important commercial subgenus of Rubus is Idaeobatus Focke, the raspberries, which are primarily diploids. This subgenus contains the european red raspberry R. idaeus ssp. idaeus L., as well as the american black raspberry R. occidentalis L. and the american red raspberry R. idaeus ssp. strigosus Michx. Interspecific hybridization of these, and other raspberry species, has led to greater genetic diversity and allowed for the introgression of superior traits such as large fruit size, fruit firmness and quality, disease resistance, and winter hardiness. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. New York State Agr Exptl Stn, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Lewers, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC W Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lewersk@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 130 IS 5 BP 722 EP 728 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 965DL UT WOS:000231930200011 ER PT J AU Young, OP AF Young, OP TI Survival of Copris minutus (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) during carrion and dung feeding regimes SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Copris minutus; laboratory; longevity; gender; carrion; dung AB Adult Copris minutus individuals were maintained in the laboratory on a feeding regime of either cow dung or dead insects, and their survival compared with beetles maintained without food. There was no significant difference in the longevity of beetles maintained on either feeding regime, but both groups survived significantly longer than those without food. Females in all groups survived longer than males, and reproduction occurred only in groups consuming cow dung. C1 ARS, USDA, SGIRL, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Young, OP (reprint author), 9496 Good Lion Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD FAL-WIN PY 2005 VL 113 IS 3-4 BP 218 EP 221 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2005)113[0218:SOCMCS]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 025HB UT WOS:000236254900007 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Harrel, JB Wooten, DE AF Werner, SJ Harrel, JB Wooten, DE TI Foraging behavior and monetary impact of wading birds at Arkansas baitfish farms SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; AMERICAN WHITE PELICANS; GREAT BLUE HERONS; DELTA REGION; ARDEA-CINEREA; FOOD-HABITS; MISSISSIPPI; FINGERLINGS; PREDATION AB We conducted foraging observations, food habits studies, and producer surveys to determine the foraging behavior and monetary impact of great blue herons Ardea herodias, great egrets A. alba, and little blue herons Egretta caerulea foraging at Arkansas baitfish farms. Although great egrets captured most baitfish/minute, captures/strike were nearly identical among the three wading bird species. American gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum, goldfish Carassius auratus, and giant water bugs Hemiptera: Belostomatidae were collected from the gastro-intestinal tract of great blue herons. Only golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas and goldfish were found in great egrets. We found dragonflies Odonata, golden shiners, green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, and water bugs in little blue herons. In contrast to other birds collected, snowy egrets E. thula were found to contain mosquito fish Gambusia affinis. Among 2,742 teleost otoliths recovered from collected great blue herons, great egrets, and little blue herons, most otoliths; belonged to the Cyprinidae family (including the baitfishes). Surveyed farm managers use various auditory and visual stimuli to disperse fish-eating birds from their farms. Surveyed baitfish farmers suggested that the average cost of their annual bird harassment program was $11,580 at relatively small farms (< 202 ha) and $104,560 at relatively large (>= 202 ha) baitfish aquaculture facilities. We estimated the replacement cost of baitfish consumed by wading birds based upon their daily food requirements, the food habits of herons and egrets at baitfish farms, the hypothetical abundance of wading birds at a particular baittish farm (relative to survey results), the duration of herons and egrets reported by farm managers, and current baitfish market values. C1 USDA ARS, HK Dupree Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Mississippi F, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 354 EP 362 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 971MP UT WOS:000232388700012 ER PT J AU Gaylord, TG Rawles, SD AF Gaylord, TG Rawles, SD TI The modification of poultry by-product meal for use in hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops X M-saxatilis diets SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; AMINO-ACID REQUIREMENT; SUNSHINE BASS; CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; LYSINE REQUIREMENT; BODY-COMPOSITION; WHOLE-BODY; PROTEIN; GROWTH AB A pair of experiments were performed to assess amino acid supplementation of pet food grade poultry by-product meal for utilization as the sole protein source for hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops X M. saxatilis. The first experiment determined the available amino acids from menhaden fishmeal and poultry by-product meal for hybrid striped bass. The second experiment determined the efficacy of supplementing poultry by-product meal with amino acids based on an ideal amino acid profile of hybrid striped bass muscle. The positive control diet contained 40% digestible protein solely from menhaden fishmeal and the negative control diet contained 40% digestible protein solely from pet food grade poultry by-product meal. The negative control diet was additively supplemented with lysine, methionine, threonine, and leucine at 1.16, 0.57, 0.31 and 0.47% of the diet, respectively. Lysine supplementation alone did not improve fish performance based on any measured response. Moreover, the negative control diet and the lysine supplemented diet had lower weight gain and feed efficiency than the positive control diet. Supplementation of the diet containing pet food grade poultry by-product with lysine and methionine; lysine, methionine, and threonine; or lysine, methionine, threonine, and leucine improved weight gain and feed efficiency above that of the negative control diet. The diet containing poultry by-product supplemented with lysine, methionine, and threonine produced weight gains statistically indistinguishable from those of the positive control diet. Protein and energy retention efficiencies also improved with supplementation of at least lysine and methionine and were statistically indistinguishable from those observed in fish fed the positive control diet. Supplementation with lysine and methionine reduced the hepatosomatic index to levels similar to those found in fish fed the menhaden fishmeal diet. Intraperitoneal fat levels were similar among treatments (6.1-6.6%) with the exception that fish fed the diet supplemented with lysine, methionine, and threonine exhibited lower (5.5%) fat levels. Supplementing the poultry by-product meal diet with only lysine and methionine increased muscle ratio to levels equivalent to those found in fish fed the positive control (fishmeal) diet. In conclusion, amino acid supplementation of pet food grade poultry by-product meal can be used to replace fishmeal in diets for hybrid striped bass without a reduction in fish performance. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Rawles, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 363 EP 374 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 971MP UT WOS:000232388700013 ER PT J AU Davis, KB Peterson, BC AF Davis, KB Peterson, BC TI Comparison of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein concentrations of the palmetto and sunshine bass and the effects of gender and stress SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRIPED BASS; MORONE-SAXATILIS; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; IGF-I; CHANNEL CATFISH; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; HORMONE TREATMENT; BODY-COMPOSITION; CHINOOK SALMON AB Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) were compared between market sized sunshine and palmetto bass. Differences between male and female fish were examined and both hybrids were sampled before and after a low-water confinement stress. There was no difference in body weight between the hybrid types, however, females were significantly heavier than males in both hybrids. Plasma IGF-I concentrations were significantly higher in pre-stressed palmetto bass when compared with sunshine bass, and male palmetto bass had significantly higher IGF-I concentrations than females. Two hours after a 15-min low-water stress, a significant decrease in palmetto bass lGF-I occurred, but there was no change in sunshine bass IGF-I concentrations. Levels of a 33-kDa IGFBP were similar in pre-stressed palmetto bass when compared with sunshine bass-, however, no differences due to gender were evident for either hybrid. Two hours after a 15-min lowwater exposure, there was no change in the levels of a 33-kDa IGFBP in palmetto or sunshine bass. A more complete understanding of IGF-I, IGFBPs, and IGF-I receptors may be necessary to explain the role of lGF-I in regulating fish growth. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Davis, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 384 EP 392 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 971MP UT WOS:000232388700015 ER PT J AU Andersen, AA AF Andersen, AA TI Serotyping of US isolates of Chlamydophila psittaci from domestic and wild birds SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Chlamydia; Chlamydophila psittaci; ducks; turkeys; wild birds ID CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ORGANISMS AB The identities of chlamydial strains, which can infect a given host, are important to know for disease prognosis, disease control, and epidemiology. The microimmunofluorescence test (MIFT) was used with a panel of 14 serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to serotype 150 chlamydial isolates from domestic and wild birds. The isolates were obtained from birds submitted to diagnostic laboratories or during investigation of outbreaks. The 150 US isolates included 96 from the order Psittaciformes, 14 isolates from the order Columbiformes, 2 from the order Passeriformes, 16 from the order Galliformes, 12 from the order Struthioniformes, and 3 from the order Falconiformes. A total of 93, or 97%, of the Psittaciformes isolates were of serovar A; 11, or 79%, of the Columbiformes isolates were of serovar B; 64% of the Galliformes isolates were of serovar D, and all the Struthioniformes isolates were of serovar E. The 3 Falconiformes isolates did not react with any of the MAbs to the avian and mammalian isolates and are presumed to represent a new strain. The results show that specific chlamydial strains are usually associated with certain types of birds and that some serovars may be unusually virulent for certain species of birds. The MIFT using serovar-specific MAbs provides a rapid method to serotype new isolates, making it a useful system for epidemiological studies. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Andersen, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 BP 479 EP 482 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 967KA UT WOS:000232088900014 PM 16312243 ER PT J AU Witter, RL AF Witter, RL TI The Veterinarian Scientist: An endangered species SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAVMC Symposium 2004 CY MAR 11-15, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP AAVMC C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM witterr@msu.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 BP 297 EP 300 DI 10.3138/jvme.32.3.297 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 983SA UT WOS:000233251200005 PM 16261486 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Swayne, DE Linares, JA Senne, DA Suarez, DL AF Lee, CW Swayne, DE Linares, JA Senne, DA Suarez, DL TI H5N2 avian influenza outbreak in Texas in 2004: The first highly pathogenic strain in the United States in 20 years? SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMAGGLUTININ CLEAVAGE SITE; COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY; VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; A VIRUSES; CHICKEN-ORIGIN; DUCK-ORIGIN; VIRULENCE; PATHOBIOLOGY; INOCULATION; GENERATION AB In early 2004, an H5N2 avian influenza virus (AM that met the molecular criteria for classification as a highly pathogenic AIV was isolated from chickens in the state of Texas in the United States. However, clinical manifestations in the affected flock were consistent with avian influenza caused by a low-pathogenicity AIV and the representative virus (A/chicken/Texas/298313/04 [TX/04]) was not virulent for experimentally inoculated chickens. The hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the TX/04 isolate was similar in sequence to A/chicken/Texas/ 167280-4/02 (TX/02), a low-pathogenicity AIV isolate recovered from chickens in Texas in 2002. However, the TX/04 isolate had one additional basic amino acid at the HA cleavage site, which could be attributed to a single point mutation. The TX/04 isolate was similar in sequence to TX/02 isolate in several internal genes (NP, M, and NS), but some genes (PA, PB1, and PB2) had sequence of a clearly different origin. The TX/04 isolate also had a stalk deletion in the NA gene, characteristic of a chicken-adapted AIV. By analyzing viruses constructed by in vitro mutagenesis followed by reverse genetics, we found that the pathogenicity of the TX/04 virus could be increased in vitro and in vivo by the insertion of an additional basic amino acid at the HA cleavage site and not by the loss of a glycosylation site near the cleavage site. Our study provides the genetic and biologic characteristics of the TX/04 isolate, which highlight the complexity of the polygenic nature of the virulence of influenza viruses. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, Poultry Diagnost Lab, Gonzales, TX 78629 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov NR 44 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 79 IS 17 BP 11412 EP 11421 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.17.11412-11421.2005 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 956ML UT WOS:000231303900056 PM 16103192 ER PT J AU Stenger, DC French, R Gildow, FE AF Stenger, DC French, R Gildow, FE TI Complete deletion of Wheat streak mosaic virus HC-Pro: a null mutant is viable for systemic infection SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO ETCH POTYVIRUS; HELPER COMPONENT-PROTEINASE; LONG-DISTANCE MOVEMENT; APHID TRANSMISSION; COAT PROTEIN; GENOME AMPLIFICATION; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; PLANT-VIRUSES; CLEAVAGE SITE AB A Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) genome lacking HC-Pro was constructed and confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR to systemically infect wheat, oat, and corn. Coupled in vitro transcription/translation reactions indicated that WSMV P1 proteinase cleaved the polyprotein at the P1/P3 junction of the HC-Pro null mutant. The WSMV HC-Pro null mutant was competent for virion formation, but the virus titer was reduced 4.5-fold relative to that of the wild type. Collectively, these results indicate that WSMV HC-Pro is dispensable for replication and movement, two essential processes that are disrupted by point and small-insertion mutations introduced into potyvirus HC-Pro. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Penn State Univ, Buckhout Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dstenger@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 79 IS 18 BP 12077 EP 12080 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.18.12077-12080.2005 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 961AI UT WOS:000231633900052 PM 16140783 ER PT J AU Dunbar, MR Gregg, MA Crawford, JA Giordano, MR Tornquist, SJ AF Dunbar, MR Gregg, MA Crawford, JA Giordano, MR Tornquist, SJ TI Normal hematologic and biochemical values for prelaying greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and their influence on chick survival SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; hematology; nutrition; sage grouse; serum ID LAGOPUS-LAGOPUS-SCOTICUS; RED GROUSE; NORTHEAST SCOTLAND; NUTRITION AB Declines in greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) productivity and population numbers throughout their range demand a better understanding of how nutrition influences sage grouse populations. During March and April 1999-2001, blood samples were collected from 158 female (73 adult, 85 yearling), free-ranging, prelaying, greater sage grouse from an area in northwestern Nevada, USA, and southeastern Oregon, USA. These blood samples were evaluated to establish normal blood values for sage grouse and ascertain if certain blood parameters, as indices of nutrition, are useful for predicting if sage grouse hens would raise at least one chick to 1 August. Results of logistic regression indicated that three of six blood parameters analyzed-glucose, total plasma protein, and calcium phosphorus ratio-affected the probability of a female sage grouse raising at least one chick to late summer. Ranking of the standardized estimates revealed that glucose and total plasma protein had the greatest impact on the likelihood of a female successfully raising chicks. Odds ratios indicated that a 1-unit increase in glucose (1 mg/dl) and plasma protein (0.1 g/dl) would result in a 4% and 113% positive increase, respectively, in the predicted odds of at least one chick surviving until 1 August. Odds ratios for calcium : phosphorus ratio revealed a 70% decline in the predicted odds of at least one chick surviving until 1 August if the level of this parameter increased one unit (e.g., 3:1 to 4:1). Based on these analyses, values of some blood parameters used as indices of nutrition, especially glucose, total plasma protein, and calcium : phosphorus ratio, can be successfully used to predict reproductive success of sage grouse. These parameters are not only indicative of the nutritional status of prelaying hens but may be associated with nutritional quality of the habitat and therefore have important management significance. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dunbar, MR (reprint author), USDA, APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.1638/04-065.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 995QG UT WOS:000234118300006 PM 17312759 ER PT J AU Koohmaraie, M Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Guerini, M Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL AF Koohmaraie, M Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Guerini, M Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL TI Post-harvest interventions to reduce/eliminate pathogens in beef SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st International Congress of Meat Science and Technology (51st IcoMST) CY AUG 07-12, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Meat Sci Technol, USDA DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli; Salmonella; interventions; test-and-hold; pre-harvest versus post-harvest interventions ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; REDUCE ATTACHED SALMONELLA; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE; PROCESSING PLANTS; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; MICROBIAL DECONTAMINATION; STEAM PASTEURIZATION; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; VIRULENCE FACTORS AB In 1999 the foodborne pathogens Salmonella, Listeria, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli (both O157 and non-O157) were estimated to cause more than 6 million illnesses and approximately 9000 deaths each year. However, the most recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report on the sources and incidence of foodborne disease, released in 2004, has shown a dramatic decrease in E. coli O157:H7 infections. Since raw beef products are the most frequently foodborne sources of these pathogens, the results of this report demonstrate that the microbiological quality of raw beef has improved greatly. During the intervening years, post-harvest interventions have continually improved, with new attention to hide decontamination and innovative treatments of carcasses. In addition, a system to hold and test beef trim or ground beef for E coli O157:H7 before its release into commerce has provided an even greater level of safety. In this paper, we review the latest information on the prevalence of E coli O157:H7 and other pathogens on beef, the evidence identifying the hide as the primary source of pathogens on beef carcasses, the efficacy of various hide and carcass interventions, and other developments that have led or have the potential to lead to even greater improvements in the microbial quality of beef. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Spur 18-D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM koohmaraie@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 80 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.03.012 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 952BP UT WOS:000230976900008 PM 22064054 ER PT J AU Luchansky, JB Call, JE Hristova, B Rumery, L Yoder, L Oser, A AF Luchansky, JB Call, JE Hristova, B Rumery, L Yoder, L Oser, A TI Viability of Listeria monocytogenes on commercially-prepared hams surface treated with acidic calcium sulfate and lauric arginate and stored at 4 degrees C SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st International Congress of Meat Science and Technology (51st IcoMST) CY AUG 07-12, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Meat Sci Technol, USDA DE Ham; Listeria monocytogenes; SLIC (TM); acidic calcium sulfate; lauric arginate; shelf life ID VACUUM-SEALED PACKAGES; POTASSIUM LACTATE; ENHANCED INHIBITION; SODIUM DIACETATE; FRANKFURTERS; MEAT; PRODUCTS; RECOVERY; CHLORITE; STORAGE AB We demonstrated the effectiveness of delivering an antimicrobial purge/fluid into shrink-wrap bags immediately prior to introducing the product and vacuum sealing, namely the "Sprayed Lethality In Container" (SLIC (TM)) intervention delivery method. The pathogen was Listeria monocytogenes, the antimicrobials were acidic calcium sulfate (ACS; calcium sulfate plus lactic acid; 1: 1 or 1:2 in dH(2)O) and lauric arginate (LAE; Ethyl-N-dodecanoyl-L-arginate hydrochloride; 5% or 10% in dH(2)O), and the product was commercially prepared "table brown" ham (ca. 3 pounds each). Hams were surface inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (ca. 7.0 log(10) CFU per ham), added to shrink-wrap bags that already contained ACS or LAE, vacuum-sealed, and stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h. Pathogen levels decreased by 1.2, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.1 log(10) CFU/ham and 0.7, 1.6, 2.2, and 2.6 log(10) CFU/ ham in samples treated with 2, 4, 6, and 8 mL of a 1: 1 and 1:2 solution of ACS, respectively. In samples treated with 2, 4, 6, and 8 mL of a 5% solution of LAE, pathogen levels decreased by 3.3, 6.5, 5.6, and 6.5 log(10) CFU/ham, whereas when treated with a 10% solution of LAE pathogen levels decreased ca. 6.5 log 10 CFU/ham for all application volumes tested. The efficacy of ACS and LAE were further evaluated in shelf-life studies wherein hams were surface inoculated with either ca. 3.0 or 7.0 log(10) CFU of L. monocytogenes, added to shrink-wrap bags that contained 0, 4, 6, or 8 mL of either a 1:2 solution of ACS or a 5% solution of LAE, vacuum-sealed, and stored at 4 'C for 60 days. For hams inoculated with 7.0 log(10) CFU, L. monocytogenes levels decreased by ca. 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0 log(10) CFU/bam and 5.1, 5.4, and 5.5 log(10) CFU/ham within 24 h at 4 'C in samples treated with 4, 6, and 8 mL of a 1:2 solution of ACS and a 5% solution of LAE, respectively, compared to control hams that were not treated with either antimicrobial. Thereafter, pathogen levels remained relatively unchanged ( 1.0 log(10) CFU/ham) after 60 days at 4 'C in hams treated with 4, 6, and 8 mL of a 1:2 solution of ACS and increased by ca. 2.0-5.0 log(10) CFU/ham in samples treated with 4, 6, and 8 mL of a 5% solution of LAE. For hams inoculated with 3.0 log(10) CFU, L. monocytogenes levels decreased by 1.3, 1.9, and 1.8 log(10) CFU/ham within 24 h at 4 'C in samples treated with 4, 6, and 8 mL of a 1:2 solution of ACS, respectively, compared to control hams that were not treated. Likewise, levels of the pathogen were reduced to below the limit of detection (i.e., 1.48 log(10) CFU/ham) in the presence of 4, 6, and 8 mL of a 5% solution of LAE within 24 h at 4 'C. After 60 days at 4 'C, pathogen levels remained relatively unchanged (+/- 0.3 log(10) CFU/ham) in hams treated with 4, 6, and 8 mL of a 1:2 solution of ACS. However, levels of L. monocytogenes increased by ca. 2.0 log(10) CFU/ham in samples treated with 4 and 6 mL of a 5% LAE solution within 60 days but remained below the detection limit on samples treated with 8 mL of this antimicrobial. These data confirmed that application via SLIC (TM) of both ACS and LAE, at the concentrations and volumes used in this study, appreciably reduced levels of L. monocyt-ogenes on the surface of hams within 24 h at 4 degrees C and showed potential for controlling outgrowth of the pathogen over 60 days of refrigerated storage. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Hatfield Qual Meats, Hatfield, Herts 19440, England. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jluchansky@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.04.006 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 952BP UT WOS:000230976900009 PM 22064055 ER PT J AU Ottinger, MA Mobarak, M Abdelnabi, M Roth, G Proudman, J Ingram, DK AF Ottinger, MA Mobarak, M Abdelnabi, M Roth, G Proudman, J Ingram, DK TI Effects of calorie restriction on reproductive and adrenal systems in Japanese quail: Are responses similar to mammals, particularly primates? SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE calorie restriction; short-lived birds; Japanese quail; reproduction; neurochemistry; primates; neuroendocrine system; hypothalamus ID BROILER BREEDER PERFORMANCE; RHESUS-MONKEYS; LIFE-SPAN; DIETARY RESTRICTION; FEED RESTRICTION; ESTROUS CYCLICITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-INTAKE; COMMON-TERN; TURKEY HENS AB The benefits of calorie restriction (CR) have been established across a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate species. Although the effects of CR on lifespan in birds have not been examined, it is clear that CR has beneficial effects on reproductive, metabolic, and physiological function in adult poultry. We examined the effects of CR in Japanese quail, a rapidly maturing avian model, on reproductive endocrine and neuroendocrine systems. Male Japanese quail were pair fed at 0% ad libitum (AL), 20%, or 40% CR of AL, recorded for juveniles (3-7 weeks of age) or adults (12-16 weeks of age). Juvenile males on CR matured more slowly, and both juvenile and adult males had reduced plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) with CR. Adults on 40% CR showed evidence of stress, with increased plasma corticosterone and reduced testes weight and circulating androgens. In a separate study, pituitary gland response was tested in juvenile and adult castrated males that had been on the same CR treatments. All birds responded to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) challenge, with LH release. However, the 40% CR juvenile and adult birds had quantitatively lower responses, suggesting central inhibition of the reproductive axis. This hypothesis was tested by measurement of sexual behavior and catecholamines known to stimulate GnRH in hypothalamic regions that modulate these responses. Results showed reduced norepinephrine in key hypothalamic regions and reduced dopamine in posterior hypothalamus. These data support the hypothesis that CR affects reproductive function, with evidence for effects in the central nervous system. These data are discussed and compared to data collected in mammals, especially the rhesus monkey, on the effects of timing and degree of CR on reproductive and stress responses. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, Lab Expt Gerontol, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Ottinger, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, 3115 Anim Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM maotting@umd.edu NR 62 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing Dev. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 126 IS 9 BP 967 EP 975 DI 10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.017 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 956YC UT WOS:000231335000008 PM 15935442 ER PT J AU Oldoni, I Brown, CC King, DJ Samal, S Seal, BS AF Oldoni, I Brown, CC King, DJ Samal, S Seal, BS TI The use of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to study the pathogenesis of various Newcastle disease virus strains and recombinants in embryonated chicken eggs SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE NDV; ISH; IHC; pathogenesis; Newcastle disease; in situ hybridization; immunohistochemistry ID HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE PROTEIN; PARAMYXOVIRUS FUSION; CLONED CDNA; V-PROTEIN; VIRULENCE; EXPRESSION; CLEAVAGE; TROPISM; PATHOGENICITY; GLYCOPROTEINS AB Avian paramyxovirus type 1, commonly referred to as Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a serious pathogen of significant economic importance to the industry. To investigate the role of the fusion (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), and (P) phosphoprotein gene sequences in virulence, six strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) representing all pathotypes and seven recombinant strains created by reverse genetics were inoculated into 9-day-old chicken embryos. Tissues and chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) were harvested at 24-hour intervals post-inoculation. Riboprobe in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry highlighted distinct tissue tropisms among the viruses. Presence of F and/or HN from virulent viruses inserted into lentogenic backbones caused dissemination of virus in a manner similar to wild type virulent viruses. Disruption of P gene decreased dissemination of velogeinic infectious clones. It is concluded that each of these genes contributes to pathogenicity. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Santa Maria, Vet Med Grad Sch, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Brown, CC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, 501 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM corbrown@vet.uga.edu NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2005.04.002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 963WO UT WOS:000231837100002 PM 16084682 ER PT J AU Stockwell, VO Loper, JE AF Stockwell, VO Loper, JE TI The sigma factor RpoS is required for stress tolerance and environmental fitness of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COTTON SEEDLINGS; STATIONARY-PHASE; RNA-POLYMERASE; PUTIDA; GENE; CHA0; MICROORGANISMS; DESICCATION; AERUGINOSA AB Many micro-organisms exist in natural habitats that are subject to severe or dramatically fluctuating environmental conditions. Such is the case for bacteria inhabiting plant surfaces, where they are exposed to UV irradiation, oxygen radicals, and large fluctuations in temperature and moisture. This study focuses on the role of RpoS, a central regulator of stationary-phase gene expression in bacterial cells, in stress response and environmental fitness of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Strain Pf-5 is a rhizosphere-inhabiting bacterium that suppresses plant diseases caused by several plant-pathogenic fungi and comycetes. Previous studies demonstrated that rpoS was required for osmotic and oxidative stress resistance of Pf-5. The results of this study demonstrate a role for rpoS in tolerance of Pf-5 to freezing, starvation, UV irradiation and desiccation stress. In field studies, an rpoS mutant was compromised in rhizosphere colonization of plants in dry soil, whereas similar rhizosphere populations were established by Pf-5 and an rpoS mutant in well-irrigated soils. RpoS is a key determinant in stress response and environmental fitness of the rhizosphere bacterium P. fluorescens Pf-5. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Loper, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM loperj@science.oregonstate.edu OI Loper, Joyce/0000-0003-3501-5969 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD SEP PY 2005 VL 151 BP 3001 EP 3009 DI 10.1099/mic.0.28077-0 PN 9 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 967FV UT WOS:000232077800019 PM 16151210 ER PT J AU Greenstone, MH Rowley, DL Heimbach, U Lundgren, JG Pfannenstiel, RS Rehner, SA AF Greenstone, MH Rowley, DL Heimbach, U Lundgren, JG Pfannenstiel, RS Rehner, SA TI Barcoding generalist predators by polymerase chain reaction: carabids and spiders SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Araneae; Barcode of Life; Carabidae; Cytochrome Oxidase I; immature predators; PCR ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; INVERTEBRATE PREDATORS; MOLECULAR APPROACH; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; WINTER-WHEAT; PREY DNA; ARANEAE; FIELD; COLEOPTERA; SEQUENCES AB Identification of arthropod predators is challenging when closely related species are found at a given locality. Identification of the immature stages is especially problematic, because distinguishing morphological features are difficult to use or have not been described. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to distinguish closely related carabids and spiders, and to match eggs and larvae (or nymphs) with identified adult parents. Within the Carabidae, we amplified species-specific mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) fragments for three species each in the genera Poecilus and Harpalus, and two each in Chlaenius and Bembidion. Within the Araneae, we amplified species-specific COI fragments for two Hibana species (Anyphaenidae), Pardosa milvina and Rabidosa rabida (Lycosidae), Frontinella communis and Grammonota texana (Linyphiidae), and Cheiracanthium inclusum (Miturgidae). We are able to correctly identify all immature stages tested - eggs, larvae (or nymphs) and pupae - by comparison of the amplified fragments with those of the adults. Using COI markers as species identifiers is a tenet of the Barcode of Life initiative, an international consortium to provide a molecular identifier for every animal species. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Plant Protect Fields Crops & Grassland, BBA, Braunschweig, Germany. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Ecol Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Greenstone, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM greenstm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 14 IS 10 BP 3247 EP 3266 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02628.x PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 955JU UT WOS:000231223000029 PM 16101789 ER PT J AU King, TL Eackles, MS Henderson, AP Bocetti, CI Currie, D Wunderle, JM AF King, TL Eackles, MS Henderson, AP Bocetti, CI Currie, D Wunderle, JM TI Microsatellite DNA markers for delineating population structure and kinship among the endangered Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Kirtland's warbler; microsatellite DNA; population structure; probability of identity ID IDENTIFICATION AB We document the isolation and characterization of 23 microsatellite DNA markers for the endangered Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii), a Nearctic/Neotropical migrant passerine. This suite of markers revealed moderate to high levels of allelic diversity (averaging 7.7 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 72%). Genotypic frequencies at 22 of 23 (95%) markers conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations, and no linkage disequilibrium was observed in blood samples taken from 14 warblers found on the wintering grounds in the Bahamas archipelago. Multilocus genotypes resulting from this suite of markers should reduce the amount of resources required for initiating new genetic studies assessing breeding structure, parentage, demographics, and individual-level ecological interactions for D. kirtlandii. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Calif Univ Penn, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, California, PA 15419 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Puerto Rico Conservat Fdn,Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tlking@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 569 EP 571 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00998.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 959PF UT WOS:000231529400036 ER PT J AU Schnell, RJ Olano, CT Quintanilla, WE Meerow, AW AF Schnell, RJ Olano, CT Quintanilla, WE Meerow, AW TI Isolation and characterization of 15 microsatellite loci from mango (Mangifera indica L.) and cross-species amplification in closely related taxa SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; mango; microsatellite; SSR ID RAPD MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; PLANTS AB We report here on the development and characterization of 15 microsatellite loci isolated from Mangifera indica L. These markers were evaluated using 59 Florida cultivars and four related species from the USDA germplasm collection for mango. Two loci were monomorphic and 13 polymorphic, with two to seven alleles per locus. Four loci departed significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and have significant heterozygote deficiency. Nine loci exhibited significant linkage disequilibrium. Cross-species amplification was successful in four related species. These loci are being used to investigate patterns of genetic variation within M. indica and between closely related species. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM rschnell@ars-grin.gov NR 11 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 625 EP 627 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01018.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 959PF UT WOS:000231529400054 ER PT J AU Boches, PS Bassil, NV Rowland, LJ AF Boches, PS Bassil, NV Rowland, LJ TI Microsatellite markers for Vaccinium from EST and genomic libraries SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE blueberry; EST; microsatellite; PCR; SSR; Vaccinium AB We present 30 microsatellite loci isolated from expressed sequence tag (EST) and genomic libraries in Vaccinium corymbosum L. Allele number per locus in 11 tetraploid and one diploid V. corymbosum accessions ranged from two to 15 (mean = 8.16) in 24 single-locus simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Cross-species amplification in a panel of 12 species representing nine sections ranged from 30 to 100% (mean = 83%). C1 US EPA, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bassil, NV (reprint author), US EPA, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM cornb@ars-grin.gov NR 10 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 657 EP 660 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01025.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 959PF UT WOS:000231529400063 ER PT J AU McKelvey, KS Schwartz, MK AF McKelvey, KS Schwartz, MK TI DROPOUT: a program to identify problem loci and samples for noninvasive genetic samples in a capture-mark-recapture framework SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE allelic dropout; DROPOUT; genotyping error; mark recapture; molecular tagging; noninvasive ID DNA; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; GENOTYPES; ERRORS AB Genotyping error, often associated with low-quantity/quality DNA samples, is an important issue when using genetic tags to estimate abundance using capture-mark-recapture (CMR). DROPOUT, an MS-Windows program, identifies both loci and samples that likely contain errors affecting CMR estimates. DROPOUT uses a 'bimodal test', that enumerates the number of loci different between each pair of samples, and a 'difference in capture history test' MCM to determine those loci producing the most errors. Importantly, the DCH test allows one to determine that a data set is error-free. DROPOUT has been evaluated in McKelvey & Schwartz (2004) and is now available online. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP McKelvey, KS (reprint author), USFS, RMRS, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM kmckelvey@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 17 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 716 EP 718 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01038.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 959PF UT WOS:000231529400079 ER PT J AU Cognato, AI Gillette, NE Bolanos, RC Sperling, FAH AF Cognato, AI Gillette, NE Bolanos, RC Sperling, FAH TI Mitochondrial phylogeny of pine cone beetles (Scolytinae, Conophthorus) and their affiliation with geographic area and host SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Scolytidae; molecular systematics; forest pest; host use; evolution ID CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE-I; BANKSIANAE MCPHERSON COLEOPTERA; BARK BEETLES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; LIFE-HISTORY; DNA; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; BIOLOGY AB Pine cone beetles (Conophthorus spp.) feed and kill immature cones of Pinus species, thereby reducing seed production and seriously impairing reforestation of forest ecosystems. Population variation of Conophthorus reproductive behavior has hampered the development of semiochemical control of these pests. This difficulty is compounded by a lack of taxonomic knowledge and species diagnostic characters. Researchers and managers rely, in part, on host associations and geographic locality for species identifications and these have arguable taxonomic utility. However, host use and/or geographic separation may influence Conophthorus lineage diversification. To improve Conophthorus taxonomy and understand the association of host and geography with lineage diversification, a phylogeny of 43 individuals, including all valid species and a robust sample of C ponderosae from different hosts, is reconstructed using 785 nucleotides of the 3'-end of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. Thirty trees were recovered in a parsimony analysis and the strict consensus was well resolved and supported by branch support measures. Conophthorus was monophyletic but mitochondrial polyphyly was uncovered for several species. The data also suggested an underestimation of species diversity. Phylogenetically related Conophthorus lineages were significantly associated with geographic proximity but not with host, as indicated by comparisons of character optimized geographic distributions and host associations against randomized distributions of these attributes on the parsimony tree. These results suggest that geographic separation better explains the mode of Conophthorus lineage diversification than does host specialization. Based on these results, researchers and managers of Conophthorus should consider populations as potentially different evolutionary entities until species boundaries are delineated via a robust phylogenetic revision of Conophthorus. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. RP Cognato, AI (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM a-cognato@tamu.edu; felix.sperling@ualberta.ca RI Sperling, Felix/H-8376-2012 NR 77 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 494 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.019 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 960LH UT WOS:000231591500006 PM 16039147 ER PT J AU Matsuda-Minehata, F Katsumura, M Kijima, S Christenson, RK Imakawa, K AF Matsuda-Minehata, F Katsumura, M Kijima, S Christenson, RK Imakawa, K TI Different levels of ovine interferon-tau gene expressions are regulated through the short promoter region including Ets-2 binding site SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE ovine; IFN tau; promoter; Ets-2; AP-1; transcription ID PREGNANCY RECOGNITION HORMONE; TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1; MESSENGER-RNA; SHEEP; CONCEPTUS; TRANSCRIPTION; TROPHECTODERM; LOCALIZATION; BLASTOCYSTS; INDUCTION AB Regulation of interferon-tau (IFN iota) production, a conceptus secretory protein implicated in the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy, has not been fully elucidated. Among more than 10 ovine 14 IFN iota (oIFN iota) gene sequences characterized, approximately 75% of oIFN iota transcripts expressed in utero is derived from oIFN iota-o10 gene and amounts of transcripts from other oIFN iota genes such as oIFN iota-o8 or oIFN iota-o2 are minimal. It was hypothesized that the variation in expression levels exhibited by oIFN iota-o10 and oIFN iota-o8/-o2 genes was due to differences in the proximal promoter regions of these oIFN iota genes. To test this hypothesis, transient transfection experiments with human choriocarcinoma JEG3 cells were executed with deleted and/or mutated 5'-upstream regions of these oIFN iota genes attached to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. Because only the Ets-2 binding site located in the oIFNT iota-o10 gene appeared to differentiate the expression levels of these constructs, the 6 base pair (bp) Ets-2 sequence from the oIFN iota-o10 gene inserted into the oIFN iota-o8/-o2 gene-reporter construct was examined. The insertion of this Ets-2 binding site into the oIFNT-o8/o2-reporter construct failed to increase the degree of transactivation. Rather than this 6 bp sequence, a 22 bp sequence of the proximal promoter region, including the Ets-2 binding site, of the oIFN iota-o10 gene was required for oIFN iota-o8/-o2-reporter transactivation. By electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), nuclear protein(s) bound to this 22 bp from the oIFN iota-o10 and oIFN iota-o8/o2 genes differed. These results suggest that the short promoter region including the Ets-2 binding site, not the Ets-2 binding region itself, may determine different levels of oIFN iota gene expressions seen in utero. C1 Univ Tokyo, Lab Anim Breeding, Implantat Res Grp, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci,Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Imakawa, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Lab Anim Breeding, Implantat Res Grp, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci,Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM akaz@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1002/mrd.20329 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 948RO UT WOS:000230733600002 PM 15971268 ER PT J AU Aime, MC Phillips-Mora, W AF Aime, MC Phillips-Mora, W TI The causal agents of witches' broom and frosty pod rot of cacao (chocolate, Theobroma cacao) form a new lineage of Marasmiaceae SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE anamorphic basidiomycetes; cacao pathogens; cocoa; fungal taxonomy; molecular systematics ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SEQUENCES; NUCLEAR; FUNGI AB The two most devastating diseases of cacao (Theobroma cacao)-the Source of chocolate-in tropical America are caused by the fungi Crinipellis perniciosa (witches' broom disease) and Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot or moniliasis disease). Despite the agricultural, socio-economic and environmental impact of these fungi, most aspects of their life cycles are unknown, and the phylogenetic relationships of M. roreri have yet to be conclusively established. In this paper, extensive phylogenetic analyses of five nuclear gene regions (28S rDNA, 18S rDNA, ITS, RPB1, and EF1-alpha) confirm that C. perniciosa and M. roreri are sister taxa that belong in the Marasmiaceae (euagarics). Furthermore, these taxa form part of a separate and distinct lineage 0 within the family. This lineage includes the biotrophic fungi Moniliophthora perniciosa comb. nov. and M. roreri, as well as one undescribed endophytic species. The sister genera to Moniliophthora. are Marasmius, Crinipellis and Chaetocalathus, which consist mainly of saprotrophic litter fungi. C1 ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cacao Breeding Program, Turrialba, Costa Rica. RP Aime, MC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cathie@nt.ars-grin.gov RI Phillips-Mora, Wilbert/M-2281-2016 OI Phillips-Mora, Wilbert/0000-0002-7707-3705 NR 33 TC 133 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 14 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1012 EP 1022 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.5.1012 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 025JJ UT WOS:000236261500006 PM 16596953 ER PT J AU Berner, DK Eskandari, FM Braun, U McMahon, MB Luster, DG AF Berner, DK Eskandari, FM Braun, U McMahon, MB Luster, DG TI Cercosporella acroptili and Cercosporella centaureicola sp nov.-potential biological control agents of Russian knapweed and yellow starthistle, respectively SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Acroptilon repens; Centaurea sotitialis; Ramularia acroptili ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; ERYSIPHACEAE; ASTERACEAE; REGION AB Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens [L.] DC.) and yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) are invasive weeds in the western United States, and both weeds are targeted for biological control. Cercosporella acroptili. (Bremer) U. Braun was identified as a possible biological control agent for A. repens, and a morphologically similar Cercosporella sp. recently was found damaging to C. solstilialis in the field. Because both fungi are potentially important for biological control of the respective weeds, Studies were undertaken to ascertain whether the isolates were identical based on morphology, pathogenicity, growth and spore production, and genetics (molecular characterization of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal RNA genes). Differences in these variables between the two isolates were sufficient to indicate that the isolate from C. solstitialis was distinct and justified a new description at the species level: Cercosporella centaureicola sp. nov. C1 ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Geobot & Bot Garten, Herbarium, D-06099 Halle, Germany. RP Berner, DK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Dana.Berner@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1122 EP 1128 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.5.1122 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 025JJ UT WOS:000236261500015 PM 16596962 ER PT J AU Thorn, RG Moncalvo, JM Redhead, SA Lodge, DJ Martin, MP AF Thorn, RG Moncalvo, JM Redhead, SA Lodge, DJ Martin, MP TI A new poroid species of Resupinatus from Puerto Rico, with a reassessment of the cyphelloid genus Stigmatolemma SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Agarics; Henningsomyces; hymenophore evolution; phylogeny; Porotheleum; rDNA; tropical fungi ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; FUNGI; AGARICALES; CORTINARIUS; EUAGARICS; INFERENCE; EVOLUTION; MRBAYES; CLADES AB A fungus with gelatinous poroid fruiting bodies was found in Puerto Rico and determined by macro- and rnicromorphology to be most similar to members of the lamellate agaric gent-is Resupinatus. This species is described as a new species, Resupinatus porosus. Phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal DNA sequences support the inclusion of this fungus in the clade containing Resupinatus, and indicate that this monophyletic group also includes members of Asterotus and the cyphelloid genus Stigmatolemma. Resupinatus porosus is another example of tropical poroid representatives of lamellate agaric genera. Resupinatus is emended to include species with poroid (R. porosus) or merulioid (R. merulioides) hymenophore as well as those with laterally stipitate (Asterotus) or cyphelloid (Stigmatolemma) fruiting bodies. Seven new combinations in Resupinatus are proposed to accommodate well-known species of Stigmatolemma. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Systemat Mycol & Bot Sect, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, USDA, FPL, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. CSIC, Real Jardin Bot, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. RP Thorn, RG (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM rgthorn@uwo.ca RI Martin, Maria /H-8069-2012; Thorn, R Greg/I-3398-2012 OI Martin, Maria /0000-0002-1235-4418; NR 67 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1140 EP 1151 DI 10.3852/mycologia.97.5.1140 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 025JJ UT WOS:000236261500017 PM 16596964 ER PT J AU Horton, TR Molina, R Hood, K AF Horton, TR Molina, R Hood, K TI Douglas-fir ectomycorrhizae in 40-and 400-year-old stands: mycobiont availability to late successional western hemlock SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE fungi; internal transcribed spacer-restriction fragment length polymorphism; common mycorrhizal networks; succession; specificity ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LACCARIA-BICOLOR; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; TSUGA-HETEROPHYLLA; SPECIES RICHNESS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; TEMPORAL PERSISTENCE; MYCORRHIZAL NETWORKS; FOREST PLANTATION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE AB We investigated ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi in forest stands containing both early successional Douglas-fir and late successional western hemlock at two points in the typical stand development by identifying EM fungi from roots of Douglas-fir and western hemlock in mixed stands. In an early seral stage forest, EM roots of western hemlock seedlings and intermingling 40-year-old Douglas-fir were sampled. In a late seral stage forest, EM roots of trees of both species were sampled in a 400-year-old stand. We use molecular approaches to identify the symbionts from field samples in this descriptive study. In the early seral stage study, > 95% of the western hemlock root tips by biomass were colonized by fungi also colonizing Douglas-fir roots. This result supports the prediction that western hemlock can associate with fungi in Douglas-fir EM networks. In the same study, fungi specific to Douglas-fir colonized 14% of its EM root tips. In the late seral stage study, 14% of the western hemlock root tips were colonized by fungi also observed in association with Douglas-fir, a result strongly influenced by sampling issues and likely represents a conservative estimate of multiple host fungi in this old growth setting. Fungi specific to Douglas-fir colonized 25% of its root tip biomass in the old growth study, in tight coralloid clusters within five of the 24 soil samples. The trends revealed in this study corroborate earlier studies suggesting a predominance of multiple host fungi in mixed communities of EM plants. The role of host-specific fungi in these stands remains unclear. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 241 Illick Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM trhorton@esf.edu OI Horton, Tom/0000-0002-2112-9618 NR 76 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 EI 1432-1890 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 393 EP 403 DI 10.1007/s00572-004-0339-9 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 957CV UT WOS:000231347900002 PM 16021480 ER PT J AU Newkirk, MM Richie, E Lunney, JK AF Newkirk, MM Richie, E Lunney, JK TI Advancing women scientists: the immunology experience SO NATURE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 McGill Univ, Dept Med, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Newkirk, MM (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Med, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. EM jlunney@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1529-2908 J9 NAT IMMUNOL JI Nat. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 6 IS 9 BP 855 EP 855 DI 10.1038/ni0905-855 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 957KX UT WOS:000231369800002 PM 16116459 ER PT J AU Krizek, BA Fletcher, JC AF Krizek, BA Fletcher, JC TI Molecular mechanisms of flower development: An armchair guide SO NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS LA English DT Review ID FLORAL ORGAN IDENTITY; MADS-BOX GENE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FAMILY; NO-APICAL-MERISTEM; HOMEOTIC GENES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ANTIRRHINUM-MAJUS; OVULE DEVELOPMENT; TARGET GENES; PETAL DEVELOPMENT AB An afternoon stroll through an English garden reveals the breathtaking beauty and enormous diversity of flowering plants. The extreme variation of flower morphologies, combined with the relative simplicity of floral structures and the wealth of floral mutants available, has made the flower an excellent model for studying developmental cell-fate specification, morphogenesis and tissue patterning. Recent molecular genetic studies have begun to reveal the transcriptional regulatory cascades that control early patterning events during flower formation, the dynamics of the gene-regulatory interactions, and the complex combinatorial mechanisms that create a distinct final floral architecture and form. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fletcher@nature.berkeley.edu NR 133 TC 257 Z9 293 U1 9 U2 72 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1471-0056 J9 NAT REV GENET JI Nat. Rev. Genet. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 6 IS 9 BP 688 EP 698 DI 10.1038/nrg1675 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 959SJ UT WOS:000231539300012 PM 16151374 ER PT J AU Riley, LE Steinfeld, D AF Riley, LE Steinfeld, D TI Effects of bareroot nursery practices on tree seedling root development: an evolution of cultural practices at J. Herbert Stone nursery SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forest Seedling Root Development from the Nursery to the Field CY MAY, 2004 CL Eugene, OR SP Oregon State Univ, Nursery Technol Cooperat, Western Forestry & Conservat Assoc DE Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; root culture; root volume; seedling culture ID PERFORMANCE; PINE AB Bareroot nursery practices that maximize root development and growth have been studied and documented over a number of years. Each nursery, however, has its own unique combination of climate, soils, species, and stocktypes for which site specific cultural practices are necessary. J. Herbert Stone Nursery, a USDA Forest Service nursery, located in Central Point, OR, has completed a variety of production trials to adapt general cultural practices to its site. These trials resulted in changes which include: developing a strategy to maintain a high soil porosity through the application of organic matter and tillage measures; sowing seed earlier in the winter for 1 + 0 stocktypes; lowering seedbed densities from 267 seedlings/m(2) ( 25 seedlings/ ft(2)) to between 161 and 195 seedlings/ m(2) ( 15 and 18 seedlings/ ft(2)); transplanting seedlings in early fall instead of spring; and developing a miniplug + 1 stocktype. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, J Herbert Stone Nursery, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. RP Riley, LE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, 34963 Shoreview Rd, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. EM leriley@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2-3 BP 107 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s11056-005-1379-5 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 966CU UT WOS:000231998000002 ER PT J AU Dumroese, RK James, RL AF Dumroese, RK James, RL TI Root diseases in bareroot and container nurseries of the Pacific Northwest: epidemiology, management, and effects on outplanting performance SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forest Seedling Root Development from the Nursery to the Field CY MAY, 2004 CL Eugene, OR SP Oregon State Univ, Nursery Technol Cooperat, Western Forestry & Conservat Assoc DE Cylindrocarpon; Fusarium; integrated pest management; Phytophthora; Pythium ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; CYLINDROCARPON-DESTRUCTANS; LACCARIA-LACCATA; SOIL FUMIGATION; PINE-SEEDLINGS; PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PATHOGENICITY; ROT AB In forest and conservation nurseries in the Pacific Northwest USA, seedling production can be limited by root diseases caused by fungi in the genera Fusarium Link:Fr., Cylindrocarpon Wollenw., Phytophthora de Barry, and Pythium Pringsh. Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon, and Pythium are the most ubiquitous, whereas incidence of Phytophthora is mostly associated with coastal bareroot nurseries. All of these root pathogens are encouraged by water saturated soils or media. Seedlings infected with Fusarium, Phytophthora, or Pythium often appear chlorotic or necrotic with extensive root decay. Cylindrocarpon often causes serious root decay without shoot symptoms. The best approach to mitigate losses from these diseases is to use a holistic integrated pest management program. This program should combine chemical controls with cultural practices, particularly those that increase soil permeability and drainage and reduce potential sources of inoculum, especially by disinfesting seeds and containers reused for crops. In general, we found that seedlings meeting nursery specifications for outplanting on forest soil (proper height, root collar diameter, healthy shoot color, lack of disease symptoms) but having these disease organisms on their root systems perform as well as non-infected seedlings. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Coeur Dalene, ID USA. RP Dumroese, RK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM kdumroese@fs.fed.us NR 115 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 202 DI 10.1007/s11056-005-4422-7 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 966CU UT WOS:000231998000006 ER PT J AU Sayer, MAS Brissette, JC Barnett, JP AF Sayer, MAS Brissette, JC Barnett, JP TI Root growth and hydraulic conductivity of southern pine seedlings in response to soil temperature and water availability after planting SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forest Seedling Root Development from the Nursery to the Field CY MAY, 2004 CL Eugene, OR SP Oregon State Univ, Nursery Technol Cooperat, Western Forestry & Conservat Assoc DE Pinus echinata; Pinus palustris; Pinus taeda; root surface area; seed source; water transport ID SHORTLEAF PINE; TRANSPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REGENERATION; NITROGEN; STRESS; SYSTEM AB Comparison of the root system growth and water transport of southern pine species after planting in different root-zone environments is needed to guide decisions regarding when, and what species to plant. Evaluation of how seed source affects root system responses to soil conditions will allow seed sources to be matched to planting conditions. The root growth and hydraulic conductivity of three sources each of shortleaf, loblolly and longleaf pine seedlings were evaluated for 28 days in a seedling growth system that simulated the planting environment. Across species, an increase in root-zone temperature alleviated limitations to root growth caused by water stress. In the coldest temperature, longleaf pine maintained a higher hydraulic conductivity compared to shortleaf and loblolly pine. Without water limitation, the root growth and hydraulic conductivity of shortleaf and loblolly pine were superior to that of longleaf pine, but as water availability decreased, the root growth of longleaf pine surpassed that of loblolly pine. Hydraulic conductivities of the seed sources differed, and differences were attributed to either new root growth, or an increase in the efficiency of the root system to transport water. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Sayer, MAS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM msword@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2-3 BP 253 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s11056-005-7481-x PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 966CU UT WOS:000231998000010 ER PT J AU Comas, LH Anderson, LJ Dunst, RM Lakso, AN Eissenstat, DM AF Comas, LH Anderson, LJ Dunst, RM Lakso, AN Eissenstat, DM TI Canopy and environmental control of root dynamics in a long-term study of Concord grape SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE below ground; carbon allocation; Concord grape; exogenous vs endogenous control; lianas; root dynamics; root production; Vitus labruscana ID PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; APPLE-TREES; GROWTH; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHORUS; FERTILIZATION; IRRIGATION; POTASSIUM; CAPACITY AB Below-ground carbon allocation represents a substantial fraction of net photosynthesis in plants, yet timing of below-ground allocation and endogenous and exogenous factors controlling it are poorly understood. Minirhizotron techniques were used to examine root populations of Vitis labruscana Bailey cv. Concord under two levels of dormant-season canopy removal and irrigation. Root production, pigmentation, death and disappearance to a depth of 110 cm were determined over two wet and two dry years (1997-2000). There was continual root production and senescence, with peak root production rates occurring by midseason. Later in the season, when reproductive demands for carbon were highest and physical conditions limiting, few roots were produced, especially in dry years in nonirrigated vines. Root production under minimal canopy pruning was generally greater and occurred several weeks earlier than root production under heavy pruning, corresponding to earlier canopy development. Initial root production occurred in shallow soils, likely due to temperatures at shallow depths being warmer early in the season. Our study showed intricate relationships between internal carbon demands and environmental conditions regulating root allocation. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Plant Physiol & Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort Sci, Fredonia, NY 14063 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Comas, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lhc105@psu.edu NR 44 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 167 IS 3 BP 829 EP 840 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01456.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 952HQ UT WOS:000230995000018 PM 16101919 ER PT J AU Fan, ZF Shifley, SR Spetich, MA Thompson, FR Larsen, DR AF Fan, ZF Shifley, SR Spetich, MA Thompson, FR Larsen, DR TI Abundance and size distribution of cavity trees in second-growth and old-growth central hardwood forests SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE snags; Indiana; Illinois; Missouri; wildlife habitat ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; SMALL MAMMALS; MANAGEMENT; INDIANA; SCALES; AGE AB In central hardwood forests, mean cavity-tree abundance increases with increasing stand-size class (seedling/sapling, pole, sawtimber, old-growth). However, within a size class, the number of cavity trees is highly variable among 0.1-ha inventory plots. Plots in young stands are most likely to have no cavity trees, but some plots may have more than 50 cavity trees/ha. Plots in old-growth stands often had 25 to 55 cavity trees/ha, but individual plots ranged from 0 to 155/ha. The Weibull probability density, function was used to mathematically describe the variation in cavity-tree abundance for plots in stands of differing size (or age) class. A graph of the cumulative probability of cavity-tree abundance is a particularly easy way for managers to estimate the probability that a stand of a given size class will have any specified number of cavity trees per hectare. Results for individual plots or stands can be combined to estimate cavity abundance probabilities for landscapes. Because the results are presented in terms of plot-size classes (or age classes), this approach to cavity tree estimation is compatible with relatively simple,forest inventory systems. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Fan, ZF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM fanzha@missouri.edu NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3 BP 162 EP 169 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 966DX UT WOS:000232000900003 ER PT J AU Randolph, KDC Seymour, RS Wagner, RG AF Randolph, KDC Seymour, RS Wagner, RG TI Developing optimal commercial thinning prescriptions: A new graphical approach SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE nomogram; silvicultural system; financial analysis; FVS; simulation ID STAND DENSITY MANAGEMENT; DIAGRAMS AB We describe an alternative approach to the traditional stand-density management diagrams and stocking guides for determining optimum commercial thinning prescriptions. Predictions from a stand-growth simulator are incorporated into multiple nomograms that graphically display postthinning responses of various financial and biological response variables (mean annual increment, piece size, final harvest cost, total wood cost, and net present value). A customized ArcView GIS computer interface (ThinME) displays multiple nomograms and serves as a tool for forest managers to balance a variety of competing objectives when developing commercial thinning prescriptions. ThinME provides a means to evaluate simultaneously three key questions about commercial thinning: (1) When should thinning occur? (2) How much should be removed? and (3) When should the final harvest occur, to satisfy a given set of management objectives? C1 USDA, Forest Serv Forest Inventory & Anal, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Forest Ecosyst Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Randolph, KDC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Forest Inventory & Anal, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM seymour@umenfa.maine.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3 BP 170 EP 174 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 966DX UT WOS:000232000900004 ER PT J AU Alderman, DR Bumgardner, MS Baumgras, JE AF Alderman, DR Bumgardner, MS Baumgras, JE TI An assessment of the red maple resource in the northeastern United States SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE red maple; growing stock; sawtimber; volume; concentration; utilization ID MINNESOTA; HARDWOOD; BIOMASS; STANDS; PARTS; LOGS AB The red maple resource in the northeastern United States has exhibited dramatic gains in the past 3 decades in terms of stem numbers and net volume. Growing stock and sawtimber volumes have displayed extraordinary growth compared to other species, and red maple is replacing important market species that have historically been used in the Northeast. The increase in red maple has salient implications for foresters, primary and secondary manufacturers, and wood technologists. Data from the USDA Forest Service's (USFS) Forest Inventory and Analysis program were used to provide a regional assessment of the red maple resource. The analysis includes the location, concentration, volume, quality, and current utilization of red maple in the USFS's 13-state Northeastern Region. Study results indicate red maple is a significant and increasing component of northeastern forests, with Pennsylvania, New York, and Maine holding the largest volumes of red maple. Red maple, expressed as a percentage of USFS hardwood tree grades, is distributed primarily in grades 3 and lower. Finally, development of innovative markets and novel products, understanding consumers via consumer behavior research, and innovative silvicultural treatments will be required to increase the utilization of red maple. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Alderman, DR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. EM dalderman@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 966DX UT WOS:000232000900006 ER PT J AU Mungai, NW Motavalli, PP Nelson, KA Kremer, RJ AF Mungai, NW Motavalli, PP Nelson, KA Kremer, RJ TI Differences in yields, residue composition and N mineralization dynamics of Bt and non-Bt maize SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE above ground biomass; Bt maize; grain yields; N mineralization; soil inorganic N ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; CROP RESIDUES; IN-VITRO; SOIL; CORN; SILAGE AB Cultivation of genetically modified crops may have several direct and indirect effects on soil ecosystem processes, such as soil nitrogen ( N) transformations. Field studies were initiated in Northeast Missouri in 2002 and 2003 to determine grain and biomass yields and the effects of application of crop residues from five Bt maize hybrids and their respective non-Bt isolines on soil inorganic N under tilled and no-till conditions in a maize-soybean rotation. A separate aerobic incubation study examined soil N mineralization from residue components ( leaves, stems, roots) of one Bt maize hybrid and its non-Bt isoline in soils of varying soil textural class. Three Bt maize hybrids produced 13-23% greater grain yields than the non-Bt isolines. Generally no differences in leaf and stem tissues composition and biomass was observed between Bt and non-Bt maize varieties. Additionally, no differences were observed in cumulative N mineralization from Bt and non-Bt maize residues, except for non-Bt maize roots that mineralized 2.7 times more N than Bt maize roots in silt loam soil. Incorporation of Bt residues in the field did not significantly affect soil inorganic N under tilled or no-till conditions. Overall Bt and non-Bt maize residues did not differ in their effect on N dynamics in laboratory and field studies. C1 Egerton Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Njoro, Kenya. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Greenley Mem Res Ctr, Dept Agron, Novelty, MO 63460 USA. USDA, ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Mungai, NW (reprint author), Egerton Univ, Dept Soil Sci, POB 536, Njoro, Kenya. EM mungain03@yahoo.com NR 32 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s10705-005-8850-8 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 985FT UT WOS:000233363000009 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Park, HJ Cho, SY Jung, HJ Cho, SM Cho, YS Lillehoj, HS AF Lee, SH Park, HJ Cho, SY Jung, HJ Cho, SM Cho, YS Lillehoj, HS TI Effects of dietary phytic acid on serum and hepatic lipid levels in diabetic KK mice SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phytic acid; diabetic mice; serum; liver; lipid level ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; RATS; PHOSPHORUS; MAGNESIUM; DISEASE; ENZYMES; PLASMA; MEN AB The dietary effect of phytic acid on the levels of lipids in the serum and liver of diabetic mice was investigated. Forty male KK strain mice were fed with semipurified diets supplemented with 0% (PO), 0.5% (P5), 1.0% (P10), or 1.5% (P15) sodium phytate for 8 weeks. Diet intake, body and organ weights, and serum and hepatic lipid profiles were measured. There was no significant difference in diet intake and body or organ weights among the experimental groups. However, the concentrations of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower in the P 10 and P15 groups as compared with those in the PO group (control). Similarly, the contents of hepatic total lipid and total cholesterol were significantly lower in all 3 groups fed with phytate diets as compared with those in the PO group. These results suggest that phytic acid reduces lipid levels in the serum and liver of diabetic KK mice. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIAST, RDA, Natl Rural Resources Dev Inst, Suwon 441853, South Korea. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sunghyeonl@yahoo.co.kr NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 25 IS 9 BP 869 EP 876 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2005.09.004 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 983FJ UT WOS:000233216400008 ER PT J AU Meydani, M AF Meydani, M TI A Mediterranean-style diet and metabolic syndrome SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; WHOLE GRAINS; OLIVE OIL; MORTALITY; INFLAMMATION; ADULTS AB A moderate increase in physical activity and a detailed and tailored Mediterranean-style diet reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular risks through reducing systemic vascular inflammation and endothelium dysfunction, particularly in those patients who do not lose weight. (c) 2005 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu NR 19 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 63 IS 9 BP 312 EP 314 DI 10.1301/nr.2005.sept.312-314 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 965QA UT WOS:000231964100003 PM 16220642 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WA da Silva, ER Machado, GC Bucci, SJ Scholz, FG Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC AF Hoffmann, WA da Silva, ER Machado, GC Bucci, SJ Scholz, FG Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC TI Seasonal leaf dynamics across a tree density gradient in a Brazilian savanna SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE cerrado; leaf area index; phenology; tropical forest; water potential ID NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; HYDRAULIC LIFT; HUMID SAVANNA; SOIL-WATER; FOREST BOUNDARY; AREA INDEX; VEGETATION; FIRE; GRASS; CERRADO AB Interactions between trees and grasses that influence leaf area index (LAI) have important consequences for savanna ecosystem processes through their controls on water, carbon, and energy fluxes as well as fire regimes. We measured LAI, of the groundlayer (herbaceous and woody plants < 1-m tall) and shrub and tree layer (woody plants > 1-m tall), in the Brazilian cerrado over a range of tree densities from open shrub savanna to closed woodland through the annual cycle. During the dry season, soil water potential was strongly and positively correlated with grass LAI, and less strongly with tree and shrub LAI. By the end of the dry season, LAI of grasses, groundlayer dicots and trees declined to 28, 60, and 68% of mean wet-season values, respectively. We compared the data to remotely sensed vegetation indices, finding that field measurements were more strongly correlated to the enhanced vegetation index (EVI, r(2) =0.71) than to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, r(2) =0.49). Although the latter has been more widely used in quantifying leaf dynamics of tropical savannas, EVI appears better suited for this purpose. Our ground-based measurements demonstrate that groundlayer LAI declines with increasing tree density across sites, with savanna grasses being excluded at a tree LAI of approximately 3.3. LAI averaged 4.2 in nearby gallery (riparian) forest, so savanna grasses were absent, thereby greatly reducing fire risk and permitting survival of fire-sensitive forest tree species. Although edaphic conditions may partly explain the larger tree LAI of forests, relative to savanna, biological differences between savanna and forest tree species play an important role. Overall, forest tree species had 48% greater LAI than congeneric savanna trees under similar growing conditions. Savanna and forest species play distinct roles in the structure and dynamics of savanna-forest boundaries, contributing to the differences in fire regimes, microclimate, and nutrient cycling between savanna and forest ecosystems. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 28695 USA. Univ Brasilia, Dept Engn Florestal, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Ecol, Lab Ecol Func, Nunez, Buenos Aires, Argentina. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hoffmann, WA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 28695 USA. EM william_hoffmann@ncsu.edu RI Hoffmann, William/E-8894-2010; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Hoffmann, William/0000-0002-1926-823X; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 51 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2005 VL 145 IS 2 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0129-x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969GT UT WOS:000232223300017 PM 15965754 ER PT J AU Claerebout, E Vercauteren, I Geldhof, P Olbrechts, A Zarlenga, DS Goddeeris, BM Vercruysse, J AF Claerebout, E Vercauteren, I Geldhof, P Olbrechts, A Zarlenga, DS Goddeeris, BM Vercruysse, J TI Cytokine responses in immunized and non-immunized calves after Ostertagia ostertagi infection SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; cytokines; nematode; Ostertagia ostertagi; vaccination ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; HOMOLOGOUS CHALLENGE; CATTLE; VACCINATION; EXTRACTS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate abomasal cytokine responses in helminth-naive calves and calves vaccinated with protective antigen fractions from Ostertagia ostertagi after an experimental challenge infection with infective third stage (L3) larvae. Abomasal lymph nodes and/or abomasal mucosa were collected and messenger RNA for the Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12 p40 subunit), the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15) and the Th3/Tr cytokine TGF-beta was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Vaccination had no effect on cytokine profiles in either the abomasal lymph nodes or the abomasal mucosa. However, following infection all calves showed a significant decrease in the Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-12 p40, and a significant increase in the Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 in the lymph nodes, compared to non-infected calves. No correlation between the Th2 response and protection induced by vaccination could be demonstrated. In contrast, a Th2 pattern was not observed in the mucosa of the infected calves, which exhibited an increase in IFN-gamma as well as in the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 mRNA. No significant association was observed in the abomasal mucosa between any examined cytokine mRNA level and immune effector responses such as parasite-specific antibodies or the number of mucosal mast cells or eosinophils. C1 Ghent Univ, Fac Vet Med, Parasitol Lab, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. ANRI, USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Ghent Univ, Fac Vet Med, Immunol Lab, Merelbeke, Belgium. RP Claerebout, E (reprint author), Ghent Univ, Fac Vet Med, Parasitol Lab, Salisiburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM edwin.claerebout@ugent.be RI Goddeeris, Bruno/L-2440-2015 OI Goddeeris, Bruno/0000-0003-3729-7592 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 27 IS 9 BP 325 EP 331 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2005.00780.x PG 7 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 963JV UT WOS:000231801500002 PM 16149990 ER PT J AU Must, A Naumova, EN Phillips, SM Blum, M Dawson-Hughes, B Rand, WM AF Must, A Naumova, EN Phillips, SM Blum, M Dawson-Hughes, B Rand, WM TI Childhood overweight and maturational timing in the development of adult overweight and fatness: The Newton Girls Study and its follow-up SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE overweight; obesity; menarche; puberty; maturation; adolescence ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN GIRLS; BLOOD-INSTITUTE GROWTH; ADOLESCENT GROWTH; NATIONAL-HEART; BIRTH COHORT; MENARCHE; OBESITY; AGE; WEIGHT AB Objective. Although several studies have suggested that early menarche is associated with the development of adult overweight, few have accounted for childhood overweight before menarche. Study Design. A 30- year follow- up of the original participants in the Newton Girls Study, a prospective study of development in a cohort of girls followed through menarche, provided data on premenarcheal relative weight and overweight (BMI > 85th percentile), prospectively obtained age at menarche, self- reported adult BMI, overweight (BMI > 25), obesity (BMI > 30) and, for a subset of participants, percentage body fat by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results. Of the 448 women who participated in the adult follow- up at a mean age of 42.1 years (SD: 0.76 years), 307 had childhood data with which to characterize premenarcheal and menarcheal weight status and age at menarche. After a follow- up of 30.1 years (SD: 1.4 years), reported BMI was 23.4 (4.8), 28% were overweight, and 9% were obese. In multivariate linear and logistic- regression analyses, almost all of the influence on adult weight status was a result of premenarcheal weight status (model R-2 similar to 0.199). Inclusion of a variable to reflect menarcheal timing provided very little additional information (model R-2 = 0.208). Girls who were overweight before menarche were 7.7 times more likely to be overweight as adults (95% confidence interval: 2.3, 25.8), whereas early menarche (at <= 12 years of age) did not elevate risk (odds ratio: 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.66, 2.43). A similar pattern of results was observed when percentage body fat in adulthood was evaluated. Conclusions. The apparent influence of early maturation on adult female overweight is largely a result of the influence of elevated relative weight on early maturation. Interventions to prevent and treat overweight should focus on girls before they begin puberty. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer United State Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer United State Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Must, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM aviva.must@tufts.edu RI Naumova, Elena/C-5954-2011; OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK046200] NR 40 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2005 VL 116 IS 3 BP 620 EP 627 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1604 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 960FW UT WOS:000231576600034 PM 16099850 ER PT J AU Krizek, DT Chalker-Scott, L AF Krizek, DT Chalker-Scott, L TI Ultraviolet radiation and terrestrial ecosystems SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID UV-B RADIATION; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION; ABSORBING COMPOUNDS; AMBIENT LEVELS; HIGHER-PLANTS; FIELD; RESPONSES; GROWTH; COMMUNITIES; ELONGATION C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. RP Krizek, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Room 140,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM krizekd@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1021 EP 1025 DI 10.1562/2005-08-18-RA-654 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 975CS UT WOS:000232639200001 PM 16117567 ER PT J AU Krizek, DT Clark, HD Mirecki, RM AF Krizek, DT Clark, HD Mirecki, RM TI Spectral properties of selected UV-blocking and UV-transmitting covering materials with application for production of high-value crops in high tunnels SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Photobiology CY JUL 05-09, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Soc Photobiol ID GREENHOUSE-CLADDING MATERIALS; B RADIATION; AMBIENT LEVELS; PLASTIC FILMS; PLANT-GROWTH; LIGHT; RESPONSES; TERRESTRIAL; IMPATIENS; EXCLUSION AB The spectral properties of selected UV-blocking and UV-transmitting covering materials were characterized by means of a UV-VIS spectroradiometer or a UV-VIS spectrometer to provide researchers and growers with guidelines for selecting suitable materials for use in studying the effects of ambient solar UV radiation on the production of tomatoes and other high-value crops in high tunnels. A survey was made of a wide range of plastic covering materials to identify commercially available products that had the desired characteristics of transmitting high levels of photosynthetically active radiation and of being stable under ambient solar UV radiation. The study was focused on evaluating films that either blocked or transmitted UV wavelengths below 380 nm to determine comparative growth, yield and market quality and to provide a tool for integrated pest management. Based on this survey, two contrasting covering materials of similar thickness (0.152 mm) and durability (4-year polyethylene), one a UV-blocking film and the other a UV-transmitting film, were selected and used to cover two high tunnels at Beltsville, MD. Spectroradiometric measurements were made to determine comparative spectral irradiance in these two high tunnels covered with these materials and under ambient solar UV radiation. Comparative measurements were also made of selected glass and plastic materials that have been used in UV exclusion studies. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Krizek, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 140,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM krizekd@ba.aras.usda.gov NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1051 DI 10.1562/2005-08-09-RA-645 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 975CS UT WOS:000232639200004 PM 16107185 ER PT J AU Middleton, EM Kim, MS Krizek, DT Bajwa, RKS AF Middleton, EM Kim, MS Krizek, DT Bajwa, RKS TI Evaluating UV-B effects and EDU protection in soybean leaves using fluorescence SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; IN-FIELD CORN; CHLOROPHYLL-FLUORESCENCE; IMAGING-SYSTEM; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; BLUE FLUORESCENCE; PISUM-SATIVUM; PLANT STRESS; GREEN PLANTS; GROWTH AB A growth-chamber experiment was conducted to evaluate whether ethylenenediurea (EDU), a chemical shown to be protective against ozone pollution, could ameliorate foliar damage induced by ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation exposure in 'Roanoke' soybean (Glycine max L.), a UV-B-sensitive cultivar, and whether these effects could be discriminated using fluorescence (F) observations. The experiment had four treatment groups: control; biologically effective UV-B (18 kJ m(-2) day(-1)); EDU (500 mu mol mol(-1)); and both UV-B and EDU (UV/EDU). Measurements included photosynthetic pigments, F image system (FIS) images of adaxial surfaces in four spectral regions (blue, green, red and far-red) and F emission spectra of the pigment extracts produced at two excitation wavelengths, 280 nm (280EX) and 380 nm (380EX). Several F ratios from 280EX, 380EX and the FIS images successfully separated the low UV vs high EDU group responses based on means alone, with intermediate values for controls and the combined UV/ EDU groups. A UV-B/blue emission ratio, F315/F420 (280EX), was correlated with chlorophyll content (mu g cm(-2))(R = 0.88, P < 0.001), as was a ratio of emissions at two UV-A wavelengths: F330/F385 (280EX) (R = 0.87). These two 280EX ratios were also linearly correlated with emission ratios produced by 380EX, such as the far-red/green ratio, F730/F525 (380EX) (R = 0.92, P < 0.001), and clearly distinguished the UV-B and EDU groups separately, and which bracketed the similar intermediate responses of the UV/EDU and control groups. The FIS images additionally captured the following anatomical spatial patterns across the leaf surfaces: (1) emissions of UV-B-irradiated leaves were more uniform but lower in intensity than those of other groups; and (2) emissions of EDU-treated leaves exhibited the greatest variation in spatial patterns because veins had elevated blue F and leaf edges had enhanced red and far-red F. This experiment supports the hypothesis that EDU substantially ameliorated UV-B damage to foliage, a result that relied on the combined use of FIS images and emission spectra. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Bergen Cty Acad, Dept Biol, Hackensack, NJ USA. RP Middleton, EM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Elizabeth.M.Middleton@nasa.gov NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1075 EP 1085 DI 10.1562/2005-04-25-RA-498 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 975CS UT WOS:000232639200008 PM 16022558 ER PT J AU Helmer, EH Ruefenacht, B AF Helmer, EH Ruefenacht, B TI Cloud-free satellite image mosaics with regression trees and histogram matching SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; COVER CHANGE DETECTION; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; LAND-COVER; SUCCESSIONAL STAGE; COMPOSITE IMAGES; FOREST CHANGE; AVHRR DATA; CLASSIFICATION; NORMALIZATION AB Cloud-free optical satellite imagery simplifies remote sensing, but land-cover phenology limits existing solutions to persistent cloudiness to compositing temporally resolute, spatially coarser imagery. Here, a new strategy for developing cloud-free imagery at finer resolution permits simple automatic change detection. The strategy uses regression trees to predict pixel values underneath clouds and cloud shadows in reference scenes from other scene dates. It then applies improved histogram matching to adjacent scenes. In the study area, the islands of Puerto Rico, Vieques, and Culebra, Landsat image mosaics resulting from this strategy permit accurate detection of land development with only spectral data and maximum likelihood classification. Between about 1991 and 2000, urban/built-up lands increased by 7.2 percent in Puerto Rico and 49 percent in Vieques and Culebra. The regression tree modeling and histogram matching require no manual interpretation. Consequently, they can support large volume processing to distribute cloud free imagery for simple change detections with common classifiers. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. Red Castle Resources Inc, USDA, US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Helmer, EH (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM ehelmer@fs.fed.us; bruefenacht@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1079 EP 1089 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 959WW UT WOS:000231551000009 ER PT J AU Bae, HH Herman, E Bailey, B Bae, HJ Sicher, R AF Bae, HH Herman, E Bailey, B Bae, HJ Sicher, R TI Exogenous trehalose alters Arabidopsis transcripts involved in cell wall modification, abiotic stress, nitrogen metabolism, and plant defense SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID ACID CARBOXYL METHYLTRANSFERASE; ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; FLORAL SCENT PRODUCTION; MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; THALIANA; ACCUMULATION; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION AB Trehalose exists in most living organisms and functions as a storage carbohydrate and as an osmoprotectant in yeast, fungi, and bacteria. Trace amount of endogenous trehalose was detected in flowering plants, and the trehalose biosynthetic pathway was essential for embryo maturation in Arabidopsis. Conversely, exogenous trehalose was toxic to higher plants and severely curtailed root and shoot growth. In the current study, 30 mM trehalose was added to 2-week-old liquid cultures containing Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia ecotype) seedlings. Densely stained granular particles were detected in the extracellular space of cotyledons and roots of trehalose-treated seedlings using transmission electron microscopy. Expression levels of 91 transcripts were altered by 1-6 h of trehalose treatment using DNA microarray analysis, and 65 of these encoded either known proteins or putative proteins with known functions. The exogenous trehalose treatment altered transcript levels of transcription factors, cell wall modification, nitrogen metabolism, and stress-related, defense-related, and fatty acid biosynthesis genes. Many of the transcripts altered by exogenous trehalose treatment were associated with the ethylene and methyl jasmonate-signaling pathways. The above findings suggested that trehalose, or metabolites derived from trehalose, are important regulators of plant gene expression in higher plants. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Res Inst Environm Engn, Coll Agr & Life Sci 1322, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Bae, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rbae@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 77 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 125 IS 1 BP 114 EP 126 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00537.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 959ID UT WOS:000231510500012 ER PT J AU Lewis, SM Kobel, A Fedina, T Beeman, RW AF Lewis, SM Kobel, A Fedina, T Beeman, RW TI Sperm stratification and paternity success in red flour beetles SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiple mating; polyandry; sexual selection; sperm competition; sperm precedence; Tribolium ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; PRECEDENCE; STORAGE; CONSEQUENCES; COMPETITION; MECHANISMS; INSECTS AB When females are inseminated by multiple males, male paternity success (sperm precedence) is determined by the underlying processes of sperm storage and sperm utilization. Although informative for many questions, two-male sperm competition experiments may offer limited insight into natural mating scenarios when females are likely to mate with several males. In this study, genetic markers in Tribolium castaneum are used to trace paternity for multiple sires, and to determine whether displacement of stored sperm that occurs after a third mating equally affects both previous mates, or if fertilizations are disproportionately lost by the female's most recent mate. For 20 days after triple-matings, first males retain significantly higher paternity success (relative to first male paternity in double-matings) compared with second males. These results demonstrate that when females remate before sperm mixing occurs, sperm stratification results in differential loss of sperm from the most recent mate. This study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying sperm precedence in a promiscuous mating system, and suggests that T. castaneum females could limit paternity success of particular mates by remating with more highly preferred males. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Lewis, SM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM sara.lewis@tufts.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6962 J9 PHYSIOL ENTOMOL JI Physiol. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2005.00450.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 957SK UT WOS:000231393400012 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Gu, LW AF Prior, RL Gu, LW TI Occurrence and biological significance of proanthocyanidins in the American diet SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Tannin Conference held at the Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY 2004 CL Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div, Phildelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc HO Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div DE proanthocyanidins; procyanidins; condensed tannin; catechin; flavonoid; fruits; nuts ID GRAPE SEED EXTRACT; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FIMBRIATED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COCOA THEOBROMA-CACAO; VITIS-VINIFERA SEEDS; FLAVANOL-RICH COCOA; POLYMERIC PROCYANIDINS; CONDENSED TANNINS; A-TYPE AB Dietary intake of proanthocyanidins (PAs) has been largely unknown because of the lack of reliable values for their content in foods. Recent development of an analytical method for PAs has allowed the quantification of individual oligomers and polymers. This method has been employed to analyze food samples collected under the USDA National Food and Nutrition Analysis Program. A database of the PA content in common foods and also infant foods has been established. It has been shown that PAs account for a major fraction of flavonoids ingested in the US diet and infants and children appear to ingest more PAs than adults on the basis of body weight. These data will provide an opportunity to examine the association between PA intake and health and disease outcomes in epidemiological studies. PA analysis and the significance of PAs in nutrition and diet are reviewed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011 NR 114 TC 177 Z9 183 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD SEP PY 2005 VL 66 IS 18 BP 2264 EP 2280 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.03.025 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 971XY UT WOS:000232419500008 PM 15904940 ER PT J AU Cowger, C Wallace, LRD Mundt, CC AF Cowger, C Wallace, LRD Mundt, CC TI Velocity of spread of wheat stripe rust epidemics SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersive wave; exponential model; host genotype; diversity isopaths; power law; traveling wave; turbulent diffusion ID PLANT-DISEASE; FOCUS EXPANSION; MODEL; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; MIXTURES AB Controversy has long existed over whether plant disease epidemics spread with constant or with increasing velocity. We conducted large-scale field experiments with wheat stripe rust at Madras and Hermiston, Oregon, where natural stripe rust epidemics were rare, to test these competing models. Data from three location-years were available for analysis. A susceptible winter wheat cultivar was planted in pure stand and also in a 1:4 or 1: 1 mixture with a cultivar immune to the stripe rust race utilized in the experiments. Plots were 6.1 in wide and varied from 73 to 171 in in length. A 1.5 by 1.5-m focus was inoculated in either the center (2001) or upwind of the center (2002 and 2003) of each plot. Disease severity was evaluated weekly throughout the epidemics in each plot at the same points along a transect running upwind and downwind from the focus. Velocity of spread was calculated from the severity data and regressed separately on time and on distance from the focus. In all location-years and treatments, and at all levels of disease severity, velocity consistently increased linearly with distance, at an average rate of 0.59 m/week per m, and exponentially with time. Further, across epidemics there was a significant positive relationship between the apparent infection rate, r, and the rate of velocity increase in both space and time. These findings have important implications for plant diseases with a focal or partially focal character, and in particular for the effectiveness of rate-reducing disease management strategies at different spatial scales. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cowger, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM christina_cowger@ncsu.edu NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 95 IS 9 BP 972 EP 982 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.95-0972 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 958GL UT WOS:000231432600001 PM 18943295 ER PT J AU Larsen, RC Miklas, PN Druffel, KL Wyatt, SD AF Larsen, RC Miklas, PN Druffel, KL Wyatt, SD TI NL-3 K strain is a stable and naturally occurring interspecific recombinant derived from Bean common mosaic necrosis virus and Bean common mosaic virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pathogenicity gene; Phaseolus vulgaris; Potyviridae; resistance genes ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GERMPLASM LINES RESISTANT; PLUM-POX-VIRUS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; POTYVIRUSES; GENOME; PATHOGENICITY; REGISTRATION; VARIABILITY; CULTIVARS AB A strain of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) from Idaho was identified by enzyme-linked inummosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies and determined to be similar to the NL-3 D strain (of Drifjhout) by reaction of differential bean cultivars. However, this BCMNV strain (designated NL-3 K) caused earlier and more severe symptoms on bean plants representing host groups 0, 4, and 5. The nucleotide sequence encoding the predicted polyprotein of NL-3 K was 9,893 nucleotides (nt) in length, yielding a peptide with a molecular size of 362.1 kDa compared with a 9,626-nt, 350.9-kDa polyprotein for NL-3 D. Sequence analysis of the putative PI protein suggests that the NL-3 K strain is a recombinant between NL-3 D and the Russian strain (RUI) of Bean common mosaic virus. The PI protein of NL-3 K consisted of 415 amino acids compared with 317 for NL-3 D. The first 114 predicted amino acids of the NL-3 K PI region were 98% identical with RUI. The remaining 301 amino acids of the protein shared only 34% identity with RUI but were 98% identical with NL-3 D. Primers were designed that flanked the recombination point in the PI coding sequence of NL-3 K. An amplicon of the expected size was produced by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of total nucleic acid extracts of bean plants inoculated with NL-3 K, but not from those with NL-3 D or RUI. The increased symptom severity on selected common bean lines induced by NL-3 K suggests that the PI gene may play a significant role in pathogenicity and virulence. C1 USDA ARS, Veg & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Larsen, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Veg & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1037 EP 1042 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1037 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 958GL UT WOS:000231432600007 PM 18943301 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Postman, JD Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, IE Postman, JD Martin, RR TI Characterization of a novel member of the family Closteroviridae from Mentha spp. SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEET YELLOWS CLOSTEROVIRUS; TO-CELL MOVEMENT; HELICASE-LIKE PROTEINS; SPOTTED-WILT-VIRUS; STRAND RNA VIRUSES; MINOR COAT PROTEIN; HSP70 HOMOLOG; METHYLTRANSFERASE-LIKE; PLANT CLOSTEROVIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AB While characterizing the agents involved in symptornatology of a variegated mint, Mentha x gracilis 'Variegata', a nursery plant with atypical symptoms was examined. This plant, unlike 'Variegata', did not exhibit yellow vein banding symptoms but instead had distorted and crinkled leaves. Molecular tests for the three viruses found in 'Variegata' clones failed to detect any of these viruses in the plant. Double-stranded RNA was extracted and cloned, disclosing the presence of two unknown viruses. One of the viruses was a novel member of the family Closteroviridae. The complete nucleotide sequence of the virus, designated as Mint virus 1, has been obtained. A detection test was developed, and revealed the presence of the virus in several other mint clones and species. Genomic regions from three additional isolates were examined to investigate the genetic diversity of the virus. Genome and phylogenctic analysis placed Mint virus I in the genus Closterovirus and transmission studies have identified the mint aphid, Ovatus crataegarius, as a vector for this new member of the genus Closterovirus. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Ctr Gene Res & Biotechnol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Reposit, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM yannis@orst.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1043 EP 1048 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1043 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 958GL UT WOS:000231432600008 PM 18943302 ER PT J AU Wang, L Samac, DA Shapir, N Wackett, LP Vance, CP Olszewski, NE Sadowsky, MJ AF Wang, L Samac, DA Shapir, N Wackett, LP Vance, CP Olszewski, NE Sadowsky, MJ TI Biodegradation of atrazine in transgenic plants expressing a modified bacterial atrazine chlorohydrolase (atzA) gene SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atrazine; atrazine chlorohydrolase; AtzA; phytoremediation; transgenic plants ID SP STRAIN ADP; ALFALFA MEDICAGO-SATIVA; PSEUDOMONAS SP; SELECTABLE MARKER; POTATO PLANTS; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; WHEAT TRANSFORMATION; BINARY VECTOR; HUMAN CYP1A1; RICE PLANTS AB Atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in the USA. Atrazine chlorohydrolase (AtzA), the first enzyme in a six-step pathway leading to the mineralization of atrazine in Gram-negative soil bacteria, catalyses the hydrolytic dechlorination and detoxification of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine. In this study, we investigated the potential use of transgenic plants expressing atzA to take up, dechlorinate and detoxify atrazine. Alfalfa, Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco were transformed with a modified bacterial atzA gene, p-atzA, under the control of the cassava vein mosaic virus promoter. All transgenic plant species actively expressed p-atzA and grew over a wide range of atrazine concentrations. Thin layer chromatography analyses indicated that in planta expression of p-atzA resulted in the production of hydroxyatrazine. Hydroponically grown transgenic tobacco and alfalfa dechlorinated atrazine to hydroxyatrazine in leaves, stems and roots. Moreover, p-atzA was found to be useful as a conditional-positive selection system to isolate alfalfa and Arabidopsis transformants following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Our work suggests that the in planta expression of p-atzA may be useful for the development of plants for the phytoremediation of atrazine-contaminated soils and soil water, and as a marker gene to select for the integration of exogenous DNA into the plant genome. C1 Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Microbial & Plant Genom, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Biophys, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Sadowsky@umn.edu RI Wang, Lin/D-4021-2009; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Olszewski, Neil E/0000-0001-5393-7743 NR 63 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 3 IS 5 BP 475 EP 486 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00138.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 955JS UT WOS:000231222800002 PM 17173634 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MA Tucker, DM Cahoon, EB Parrott, WA AF Schmidt, MA Tucker, DM Cahoon, EB Parrott, WA TI Towards normalization of soybean somatic embryo maturation SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; somatic embryogenesis; glutamine; methionine; oil ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; STORAGE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; FATTY-ACID COMPONENTS; ABSCISIC-ACID; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; BRASSICA-NAPUS; HIGH OSMOTICUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; SEED GROWTH; ACCUMULATION AB Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) somatic embryos have been useful for assaying seed-specific traits prior to plant recovery. Such traits could be assessed more accurately if somatic embryos more closely mimicked seed development. Amino acid supplements, carbon source, and abscisic acid and basal salt formulations were tested in an effort to modify existing soybean embryogenesis histodifferentiation/maturation media to further normalize the development of soybean somatic embryos. The resultant liquid medium, referred to as soybean histodifferentiation and maturation medium (SHaM), consists of FNL basal salts, 3% sucrose, 3% sorbitol, filter-sterilized 30 mM glutamine and 1 mM methionine. SHaM-derived somatic embryos are more similar to seed in terms of protein and fatty acid/lipid composition, and conversion ability, than somatic embryos obtained from traditional soybean histodifferentiation and maturation media. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, USDA, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Parrott, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, 111 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mschmidt@danforthcenter.org; dotucker@uga.edu; ecahoon@danforthcenter.org; wparrott@uga.edu NR 45 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 383 EP 391 DI 10.1007/s00299-005-0950-z PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 969GQ UT WOS:000232223000001 PM 15856235 ER PT J AU Zhu, YJ Agbayani, R McCafferty, H Albert, HH Moore, PH AF Zhu, YJ Agbayani, R McCafferty, H Albert, HH Moore, PH TI Effective selection of transgenic papaya plants with the PMI/Man selection system SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE cell selection systems; genetic transformation; plant tissue culture; mannose; phospho-mannose isomerase (PMI) ID ZEA-MAYS L.; PHOSPHOMANNOSE-ISOMERASE; SELECTABLE MARKER; GOLDEN INDICA; MAIZE PLANTS; SUGAR-BEET; TRANSFORMATION; MANNOSE; GENE; AGROBACTERIUM AB The selectable marker gene phospho-mannose isomerase (pmi), which encodes the enzyme phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) to enable selection of transformed cell lines on media containing mannose (Man), was evaluated for genetic transformation of papaya (Carica papaya L.). We found that papaya embryogenic calli have little or no PMI activity and cannot utilize Man as a carbon source; however, when calli were transformed with a pmi gene, the PMI activity was greatly increased and they could utilize Man as efficiently as sucrose. Plants regenerated from selected callus lines also exhibited PMI activity but at a lower specific activity level. Our transformation efficiency with Man selection was higher than that reported using antibiotic selection or with a visual marker. For papaya, the PMI/Man selection system for producing transgenic plants is a highly efficient addition to previously published methods for selection and may facilitate the stacking of multiple transgenes of interest. Additionally, since the PMI/Man selection system does not involve antibiotic or herbicide resistance genes, its use might reduce environmental concerns about the potential flow of those genes into related plant populations. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. ARS, USDA, PBARC, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Zhu, YJ (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM jzhu@harc-hspa.com NR 27 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 426 EP 432 DI 10.1007/s00299-005-0956-6 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 969GQ UT WOS:000232223000006 PM 15812659 ER PT J AU Burrows, MEL Boerboom, CM Gaska, JM Grau, CR AF Burrows, MEL Boerboom, CM Gaska, JM Grau, CR TI The relationship between Aphis glycines and Soybean mosaic virus incidence in different pest management systems SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POD-MOTTLE-VIRUS; F SP GLYCINEA; SEED TRANSMISSION; LANDING RATES; GLYPHOSATE; RESISTANCE; YIELD; HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; CULTIVARS AB The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, causes yield loss and transmits viruses such as Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) in soybean (Glycine max). Field experiments were designed to monitor the landing rate of A. glycines and transmission of SM to soybean grown in six crop management environments. Management systems evaluated were the application of postemergence insecticide or no insecticide, and within each insecticide treatment no herbicide, glyphosate, or imazamox application. In 2001, early-season incidence of SMV was 2%, which increased to 80% within 18 days after the beginning of the A. glycines flight. In 2002, the incidence of SMV was 1% prior to the arrival of A. glycines, and increased to 44% within 21 days. The landing rate of A. glycines was fivefold higher in 2001 than in 2002. The incidence of SMV was lower in insecticide-treated plots in 2002, but no effect of insecticide was seen in 2001. Imazamox slowed the progression of SMV incidence, but the final incidence of SMV-infected plants was the same. Glyphosate had no consistent effect on SMV incidence. Yield was higher in the insecticide-treated plots in 2002, but not 2001. Insecticide and herbicide application had no substantial effects on seed quality. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Grau, CR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cg6@plantpath.wi.gc.edu NR 61 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 89 IS 9 BP 926 EP 934 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0926 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 957KD UT WOS:000231367800002 ER PT J AU Peterson, PD Leonard, KJ Roelfs, AP Sutton, TB AF Peterson, PD Leonard, KJ Roelfs, AP Sutton, TB TI Effect of barberry eradication on changes in populations of Puccinia graminis in Minnesota SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; STEM RUST; VIRULENCE; PHENOTYPES; DIVERSITY; WHEAT AB Proportions of formae speciales of Puccinia graminis in collections of aeciospores from barberry were determined from cereal rust survey records from 1912 to 2002 in Minnesota. The frequency of P graminis f. sp. avenae in aeciospore collections fluctuated between 0 and 10% from 1920 to 2002, even though oat was the dominant small grain crop in Minnesota until 1970. In early years, P. graminis f. sp. tritici was common, but the frequency of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. in aeciospore collections declined to a low of 4% in the 1980s, whereas P. graminis f. sp. secalis increased to 96%. After 1990, the frequency of P. graminis f. sp. tritici increased and R graminis f. sp. secalis declined in aecial collections, possibly indicating a changing proportion of P. graminis f. sp. secalis and tritici on wild grasses near barberry bushes. Diversity of races among uredinial collections of R graminis f. sp. tritici from wheat in Minnesota declined sharply from 1912 to 1930 and remained low to 2002. Although the races of R graminis f. sp. tritici most common in uredinial collections also were most common in the aecial collections in five of nine decades from 1912 to 1999 as well in the years 2000 to 2002, the diversity of races was greater among aecial than uredinial collections. Diversity in aecial collections remained nearly constant for 90 years, indicating a continuing contribution of the sexual stage to diversity of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. C1 Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Peterson, PD (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. EM ppeters@clemson.edu NR 20 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 89 IS 9 BP 935 EP 940 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0935 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 957KD UT WOS:000231367800003 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ Huerta-Espino, J Salmeron, JJ AF Leonard, KJ Huerta-Espino, J Salmeron, JJ TI Virulence of oat crown rust in Mexico SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP AVENAE; PUCCINIA-CORONATA; RESISTANCE; STERILIS; INHERITANCE; FUNGUS AB Virulence of isolates of Puccinia coronata collected during 1992 to 1998 from Sonora, Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon, and five states in Central Mexico were compared on a set of 27 differential oat (Avena sativa) lines with different genes for race-specific resistance. Frequencies of virulence and the presence of specific pathogenic races were compared among the four regions of Mexico and between Mexico and the adjoining states of California and Texas in the United States. The P coronata populations in Mexico were highly diverse even though the sexual stage of the fungus is not known to occur there. Overall virulence frequencies were most similar between Chihuahua and Nuevo Leon, but there were more races in common between Central Mexico and Chihuahua than between any other pair of regions of Mexico. No races found in Sonora were found in other regions of Mexico. More races found in Texas also occurred in Nuevo Leon than in any other region of Mexico. Mean virulence complexity was lowest in isolates from central Mexico; greatest in Sonora, California, and Texas; and intermediate in Chihuahua and Nuevo Leon. Significant (P < 0.05) associations of virulences occurred for 24 pairs of virulence genes in at least three of the four regions of Mexico. Virulences to 19 of the 24 pairs were also significantly associated in Texas; virulences to 13 were also significantly associated in California. C1 INIFAP, Chapingo 56230, Edo, Mexico. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kurtl@umn.edu NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 89 IS 9 BP 941 EP 948 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0941 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 957KD UT WOS:000231367800004 ER PT J AU Kaminski, JE Dernoeden, PH O'Neill, NR Wetzel, HC AF Kaminski, JE Dernoeden, PH O'Neill, NR Wetzel, HC TI A PCR-based method for the detection of Ophiosphaerella agrostis in creeping bentgrass SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE O. herpotricha; O. korrae; O. narmari ID DEAD SPOT; AMPLIFICATION; KORRAE; SOLANI AB Dead spot is a relatively new disease of creeping bentgrass and hybrid bermudagrass that is incited by Ophiosphaerella ogrostis. Initial symptoms are difficult to diagnose and clinicians generally rely on the presence of pseudothecia within infected tissue or isolation of O. agrostis on an artificial medium. The main goal of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction-based technique capable of quickly identifying O. agrostis within infected creeping bentgrass tissues. Oligonucleotide primers specific for O. agrostis were developed based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA regions (ITS1 and ITS2) of three previously sequenced isolates of O. agrostis. The 22-bp primers amplified a 445- or 446-bp region of 80 O. ogrostis isolates collected from creeping bentgrass and bermudagrass in I I states. Primers did not amplify DNA from other common turfgrass pathogens, including three closely related species of Ophiosphaerella. Selective amplification of O. agrostis was successful from field-infected creeping bentgrass samples and primers did not amplify the DNA of noninfected, field-grown creeping bentgrass or hybrid bermudagrass plants. Amplification of purified O. agrostis DNA was successful at quantities between 50 ng and 5 pg. The entire process, including DNA isolation, amplification, and amplicon visualization, may be completed within 4 h. These results indicate the specificity of these primers for assisting in the accurate and timely identification of O. agrostis and the diagnosis of dead spot in both bentgrass and bermudagrass hosts. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Syngenta Crop Protect Inc, Vero Beach, FL 32967 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kaminski, JE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM john.kaminski@uconn.edu NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 89 IS 9 BP 980 EP 985 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0980 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 957KD UT WOS:000231367800009 ER PT J AU Carson, ML AF Carson, ML TI Yield loss potential of phaeosphaeria leaf spot of maize caused by Phaeosphaeria maydis in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE AB The ability of Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS) to reduce yields of maize was evaluated over two winter growing seasons in southern Florida. Nine commercial maize hybrids, varying in reaction to PLS, were planted in a split-plot design with hybrids as whole plots and inoculated versus uninoculated treatments as subplots. The most susceptible hybrid, Pioneer brand 3489, sustained a significant reduction in grain yield (11 to 13%) and 400-kernel weight (5 to 10%) in the trials. Regression analyses indicated that grain yields and 400-kernel weights were reduced 0.23 and 0.16%, respectively, for each percent increase in PLS severity at the mid-dent stage. Because most U.S. maize hybrids are resistant, and PLS develops late in the grain-filling period, its potential to cause substantial losses in the United States appears limited at this time. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Carson, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mcarson@umn.udu NR 11 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 89 IS 9 BP 986 EP 988 DI 10.1094/PD-89-0986 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 957KD UT WOS:000231367800010 ER PT J AU Koike, ST Browne, GT Bhat, RG Lee, RCM Tjosvold, SA Buermeyer, K AF Koike, ST Browne, GT Bhat, RG Lee, RCM Tjosvold, SA Buermeyer, K TI Phytophthora leaf spot and foliar blight of Pieris japonica caused by Phytophthora citricola in California. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. RP Koike, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 89 IS 9 BP 1013 EP 1013 DI 10.1049/PD-89-1013B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 957KD UT WOS:000231367800025 ER PT J AU Kandel, W Parrado, EA AF Kandel, W Parrado, EA TI Restructuring of the US meat processing industry and new Hispanic migrant destinations SO POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LABOR MIGRATION; PLANT AB Findings from the 2000 US Census indicate high rates of Hispanic population increase beyond urban areas and traditional immigrant-receiving states. The diversity of new destinations raises questions about forces attracting migrants to rural areas and links between economic structural change and Hispanic population growth. Our conceptual framework applies dual labor market theory to the meat processing industry, a sector whose growing Hispanic labor force offers an illustrative case study for analyzing how labor demand influences demographic change. We document the industry's consolidation, concentration, increased demand for low-skilled labor, and changing labor force composition over three decades. We then position meat processing within a broader analysis that models nonmetropolitan county Hispanic population growth between 1980 and 2000 as a function of changes in industrial sector employment share and nonmetro county economic and demographic indicators. We find that growth in meat processing employment exhibits the largest positive coefficient increase in nonmetro Hispanic population growth over two decades and the largest impact of all sectors by 2000. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. Duke Univ, Dept Sociol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Kandel, W (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 73 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0098-7921 J9 POPUL DEV REV JI Popul. Dev. Rev. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 31 IS 3 BP 447 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2005.00079.x PG 26 WC Demography; Sociology SC Demography; Sociology GA 981DB UT WOS:000233066400002 ER PT J AU Lordelo, MM Davis, AJ Calhoun, MC Dowd, MK Dale, NM AF Lordelo, MM Davis, AJ Calhoun, MC Dowd, MK Dale, NM TI Relative toxicity of gossypol enantiomers in broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cottonseed meal; gossypol; gossypol enantionier; broiler ID GLANDLESS COTTONSEED MEAL; FERROUS SULFATE; MALE-RATS; (+)-GOSSYPOL; ACCUMULATION; (-)-GOSSYPOL; CHICKS; IRON; TISSUES; ORGANS AB Use of cottonseed meal in poultry diets has been avoided in large part because of fear of gossypol toxicity. Gossypol exists naturally as a mixture of 2 enantiomers that exhibit different biological activities. Two experiments were conducted to determine the relative toxicity of gossypol enantiomers on broilers. In the first experiment, 3-d-old broilers were fed a standard diet containing 0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg of gossypol from gossypol acetic acid per kilogram of diet from 3 to 42 d of age. This form of gossypol contains both enantiomers in an equimolar ratio. Each dietary treatment consisted of 6 replicate pens of 4 birds. In the second experiment, 3-d-old broilers were divided into 15 pens of 4 birds each and fed a standard diet supplemented with either no gossypol or one of the gossypol enantiomers at 200 or 7) 400 mg/kg of diet from 3 to 21 d of age. In both experiments, feed intake and BW gain were measured. In addition, several organ anti tissue samples were collected at 21 d (experiments I and 2) and 42 d (experiment 1) of age and analyzed for gossypol. In experiment 1, feed consumption and BW gain were reduced (P < 0.05) at 21 and 42 d for the birds fed the highest level of gossypol. The concentration Of gossypol ill the heart, kidney, and plasma were equivalent at 21 and 42 d of age. In experiment 2, total feed consumption was reduced only in birds consuming (-)-gossypol, but BW gains were lower for birds fed either enantiomer. However, (-)-gossypol was more detrimental to growth than (+)-gossypol. The liver had the highest tissue concentration of both enantiomers, and accumulation of (+)-gossypol was higher than (-)gossypol in all tissues examined. No racemization of the enantiomers was apparent in the tissues analyzed. Our results indicated that both gossypol enantiomers were toxic to broilers but that (-)-gossypol was more harmful to efficient broiler production than (+)-gossypol. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Davis, AJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM ajdavis@uga.edu OI Lordelo, Madalena/0000-0001-6683-6650 NR 44 TC 20 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1376 EP 1382 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 956VN UT WOS:000231328100007 PM 16206558 ER PT J AU Kidd, MT Corzo, A Hoehler, D Miller, ER Dozier, WA AF Kidd, MT Corzo, A Hoehler, D Miller, ER Dozier, WA TI Broiler responsiveness (Ross x 708) to diets varying in amino acid density SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amino acid; broiler; nutrient density; carcass traits ID PROTEIN; PERFORMANCE; YIELD AB Sex-separate male and female broilers (2,592 broilers; Ross x 708) were placed in 144 floor pens (12 replications per treatment) and fed diets containing high (H) and moderate (M) amino acid density from 1 to 55 d of age. Diets were formulated using ileal digestible amino acid ratios to Lys. Six dietary treatment combinations (MMMMM, HMMMM, HHMMM, HHHMM, HHHHM, and HHHHH) were implemented in 5 diet phases (1 to 5, 6 to 14, 15 to 35, 36 to 45, and 46 to 55 d of age). Male birds were heavier (P <= 0.05) and had lower (P <= 0.05) feed conversion, abdominal fat, and breast yield than female birds. Birds fed H diets in the first 3 phases had optimal (P : 0.05) BW and feed conversion (d 35, and 45), but optimal (P <= 0.05) feed conversion at d 55 warranted H diets in all phases. Breast meat (d 35) and carcass (d 55) relative to BW were highest (P <= 0.05) in birds fed H diets in the first 3 phases; however, differences in 55 d breast meat yield did not occur. Results indicate that amino acid needs of Ross x 708 broilers are most critical from 1 to 35 d of age. Predicted economic margins were advantageous in birds fed H diets resulting in $0.12 and $0.05/bird more income over feed costs at 35 and 55 d, respectively, in comparison with birds fed M diets. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Degussa Corp, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. Aviagen N Amer, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kidd, MT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mkidd@poultry.msstate.edu NR 17 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1389 EP 1396 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 956VN UT WOS:000231328100009 PM 16206560 ER PT J AU Han, JY Song, KD Shin, JH Han, BK Park, TS Park, HJ Kim, JK Lillehoj, HS Lim, JM Kim, H AF Han, JY Song, KD Shin, JH Han, BK Park, TS Park, HJ Kim, JK Lillehoj, HS Lim, JM Kim, H TI Identification and characterization of the peroxiredoxin gene family in chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; oxidative damage; antioxidant activity; peroxiredoxin ID NONSELENIUM GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MAMMALIAN PEROXIREDOXIN; CANCER-CELLS; DISEASE; EXPRESSION; MICE; MECHANISM; ALIGNMENT; PROTEIN AB Peroxiredoxin (PRX) is a crucial antioxidant protein that protects against endogenously produced peroxides in prokaryotes, to eukaryotes. To date, 6 different isoforms have been identified in mammals. In this study, we describe the first members of the PRX protein family to be characterized in Chicken. Through bioinformatics: analysis, we observed that at least 4 different classes of PRX protein have been evolutionarily conserved in chickens. Furthermore, in vitro functional assays of the candidate chicken PRX proteins demonstrated that they had levels of antioxidant activity similar to those of the mammalian enzymes. The expression patterns of the PRX transcript in several chicken tissues were not tissue specific, Suggesting that they might play an essential role as a housekeeping gene in all tissues to protect against oxidative damage, In conclusion, the sequences of the putative members of this functional gene family in chickens could be effectively retrieved in silico through bioinformatics analysis, and the functionality of their gene products evaluated by in vitro comparative assay. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Div Anim Genet Engn, Dept Food & Anim Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. NICHHD, Lab Mammalian Genes & Dev, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Avicore Biotechnol Inst Inc, Gunpo City 435050, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Agr Biomat, Seoul 151921, South Korea. Changwon Natl Univ, Dept Microbiol, Coll Nat Sci, Chang Won 641773, South Korea. USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Han, JY (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Div Anim Genet Engn, Dept Food & Anim Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. EM jaehan@snu.ac.kr NR 32 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1432 EP 1438 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 956VN UT WOS:000231328100014 PM 16206565 ER PT J AU los Santos, FSD Tellez, G Farnell, MB Balog, JM Anthony, NB Pavlidis, HO Donoghue, AM AF los Santos, FSD Tellez, G Farnell, MB Balog, JM Anthony, NB Pavlidis, HO Donoghue, AM TI Hypobaric hypoxia in ascites resistant and susceptible broiler genetic lines influences gut morphology SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ascites; gut morphology; altitude; genetic lines; hypoxia ID PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; CHICKENS; ARTERIAL; CHAMBER; DIETS AB Genetic selection based on rapid growth rates, improved feed conversion, and increased body weights has led to a predisposition to ascites in broiler populations. Sire-family selection was applied to a commercial elite line to produce divergent lines of ascites-resistant (RES) and ascites-susceptible (SUS) broilers by the 8th generation. One objective of this research was to determine the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on gut morphology in these genetic lines. In two separate trials, pedigree broiler chickens were randomly assigned to cages in a hypobaric chamber (simulated 2,900 m above sea level) or a matching local altitude chamber (390 m above sea level). Ascites incidence was characterized by heart enlargement and fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity. At the end of the study on d 42, all surviving birds were killed and evaluated for the presence of ascites and 2-cm sections from the duodenum and lower ileum were collected from 5 chickens per line, per altitude for each trial for morphometric analysis. At a high altitude, ascites incidence was lower in the RES line (20.9 and 3.7%) than in the SUS line (86.4 and 66.9%, Trials 1 and 2, respectively). No ascites was observed at a local altitude. Under hypoxic conditions, duodenum villus surface area was higher (P < 0.05) in the RES line (181.3 +/- 16.8 and 219 +/- 10.9 mu m) compared with the SUS line (130.1 +/- 10.5 and 134.3 +/- 9.3 mu m; Trials 1 and 2, respectively). No differences in ileum villus morphology were observed for any of the parameters measured. The reduced surface area in the duodenum of birds selected for ascites susceptibility suggests reduced enteric function and may provide clues as to why these birds have increased incidence of ascites. C1 Agr Res Serv, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Donoghue, AM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM donoghue@uark.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1495 EP 1498 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 956VN UT WOS:000231328100023 ER PT J AU Buhr, RJ Bourassa, DV Northcutt, JK Hinton, A Ingram, KD Cason, JA AF Buhr, RJ Bourassa, DV Northcutt, JK Hinton, A Ingram, KD Cason, JA TI Bacteria recovery from genetically feathered and featherless broiler carcasses after immersion chilling SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scaleless; scalding; chilling; salmonellae; Escherichia coli; Campylobacter ID POULTRY; SALMONELLA; CHICKENS; SCALDER; PLANTS; SKIN AB Feathered and featherless (scaleless) sibling broilers were reared and processed together to evaluate the influence of feathers and feather follicles on carcass bacteria recovery after chilling. In each experiment, broilers were inoculated I wk prior to processing by oral gavage with a suspension of salmonellae or Campylobacter at 10(6) cells/mL. Broilers were stunned and bled, and carcasses were single-tank or triple-tank scalded, defeathered, eviscerated, and washed. Carcasses were chilled for 45 min in ice and water immersion chillers with or without 20 mg of chlorine/L added. Postchill carcass rinsates were evaluated for Escherichia coli, coliforms, total aerobes, and salmonellae or Campylobacter. Following processing and immersion chilling, genetically featherless carcasses had slightly higher counts (by log(10) 0.35 cfu/100 mL of carcass rinsate) for E. coli, coliforms, and total aerobes than feathered carcasses. However, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of salmonellae (25%) or Campylobacter (93%) between feathered and featherless carcasses. Recovery of E. coli, coliforms, and total aerobic bacteria were lower for carcasses that were single-tank scalded, and following enrichment, salmonellae were recovered from fewer carcasses subjected to the single-tank (71%) than triple-tank (86%) scalding. Addition of chlorine to chiller water significantly decreased carcass bacteria recovery (by log(10) 0.43 cfu/100 mL of carcass rinsate) for E. coli, coliforms, total aerobes, and Campylobacter but did not affect salmonellae recovery. The presence of feathers and feather follicles during processing and immersion chilling appears to have minimal influence on the recovery of salmonellae or Campylobacter from carcasses sampled after immersion chilling. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Proc Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Buhr, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jbuhr@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1499 EP 1504 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 956VN UT WOS:000231328100024 PM 16206575 ER PT J AU Troen, AM AF Troen, AM TI The central nervous system in animal models of hyperhomocysteinemia SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE Alzheimer's disease; animal models; cerebrovascular disease; dementia; folate; homocysteine; methionine; nutrition; schizophrenia; stroke ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE DEFICIENCY; SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION; ELEVATED HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS; PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; EXCITATORY AMINO-ACIDS; SILENT BRAIN INFARCTS; RISK FACTOR; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY AB Growing epidemiological evidence of associations between mildly elevated plasma bomocysteine with age-related cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease has stimulated interest in the role of homocysteine in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Homocysteine is an intermediate in the folate, vitamin B12 and B6 dependent pathways of one-carbon and sulfur amino acid metabolism. Impairments of these pathways may cause CNS dysfunction by promoting the intracellular generation of homocysteine, which is postulated to have vasotoxic, and neurotoxic properties. It might also inhibit the methylation of myelin basic protein and membrane phospholipids, or disrupt biogenic amine metabolism and many other vital CNS reactions. However, it is unclear which, if any, of these putative mechanisms underlies the epidemiological associations. Genetic mouse models of hyperhomocysteinemia suggest that the primary metabolic disturbances rather than homocysteine per se may be important in determining neurological outcomes. However, severe and early developmental abnormalities in these mice limit their usefulness for understanding the relation of hyperhomocysteinernia to adult CNS disorders. Pharmacologic and dietary studies on homocysteine in rodents have reported heightened neuronal sensitivity to neurotoxic insults, neurochemical abnormalities and cerebrovascular dysfunction. Such studies are consistent with a causal relationship, but they fail to distinguish between effects that might result from a dietary imbalance and those that might be caused by homocysteine per se. Future work should be directed towards refining these models in order to distinguish between the effects of homocysteine and its determinants on neurological and behavioral outcomes that represent different CNS disorders. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitaman Metab & Aging Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Troen, AM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM aron.troen@tufts.edu NR 81 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-5846 J9 PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH JI Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD SEP PY 2005 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1140 EP 1151 DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.06.025 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 975RI UT WOS:000232679200006 PM 16111797 ER PT J AU Naylor, BJ Endress, BA Parks, CG AF Naylor, BJ Endress, BA Parks, CG TI Multiscale detection of sulfur cinquefoil using aerial photography SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; Potentilla recta; image analysis; invasive plants; noxious weeds; exotic species; Oregon ID REMOTE-SENSING TECHNOLOGY; ACCURACY; COLOR AB We evaluated the effectiveness of natural color aerial photography as a toot to improve detection, monitoring, and mapping of sulfur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta L.) infestations. Sulfur cinquefoil is an exotic perennial plant invading interior Pacific Northwest rangelands. Because sulfur cinquefoil produces distinctive pale yellow flowers, we timed aerial photography for early July, when the plant was at peak bloom. Photography was collected at 3 spatial scales (1:3 000, 1:6 000, and 1:12 000). A grid with 250-m spacing was superimposed over photographs of the entire study area using geographic information systems. At each grid intersection point (n = 80), we visually analyzed the photographs within a 404.7-m(2) (0.1 acre) circular plot, recorded sulfur cinquefoil presence, and estimated sulfur cinquefoil percent cover. Sample points on the grid were then located in the field using a global positioning system. Field data collected at each point included sulfur cinquefoil presence, percent cover, and stem density; and total vegetation composition and percent cover by life form. Results indicate that the accuracy of detecting sulfur cinquefoil increased from small to large scale. At the 1:3 000 scale, sulfur cinquefoil presence was correctly identified in 76.9% of the sites, whereas at the 1:6 000 and 1:12 000 scales, infestations were identified in 67.9% and 59.1% of the sites, respectively. Low-density infestations (< 1 % cover) were detected at all scales. Accuracy of percent cover estimates ranged from 33.8% to 38.0% across scales. Although tree canopy hindered detection, our results indicate that aerial photography can be used to detect sulfur cinquefoil infestations in open forests and rangelands in the Intermountain West. C1 USDA Forest Serv, NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM cparks01@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 447 EP 451 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[447:MDOSCU]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970YY UT WOS:000232349500001 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Hart, RH AF Derner, JD Hart, RH TI Heifer performance under two stocking rates on fourwing saltbush-dominated rangeland SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Atriplex canescens; beef production; Central Great Plains; shortgrass steppe ID SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NATIVE SHRUBS; CATTLE; DYNAMICS; YIELD AB The efficiency of livestock production in shortgrass steppe may be increased by grazing fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens [Pursh] Nutt)-dominated rangeland in late fall and/or early spring, but there is a paucity of information concerning stocking rates and animal gains. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of light and moderate stocking rates on weight gains of heifers grazing twice-replicated 16-ha pastures in late fall (November to mid-January) from 1996 to 1998, and in early spring (April to mid-May) from 1996 to 1999. Stocking rates for late fall (light: 1.3-1.5 ha center dot animal unit month(-1) [AUM(-1)] vs. moderate: 0.8-1.0 ha center dot AUM(-1)) and early spring (light: 3.7-4.0 ha center dot AUM(-1) vs. moderate: 2.3-2.5 ha center dot AUM(-1)) were achieved using 5 (for light grazing) and 8 (for moderate grazing) Hereford heifers, with initial average weights of 405 +/- 5.7 (mean 1 SE) kg for the late fall grazing period and 267 +/- 3.8 kg for the early spring grazing period across the study years. Average daily gain was 58% greater for light (0.65 +/- 0.06 kg center dot head(-1)center dot d(-1)) compared to moderate (0.41 +/- 0.05 kg center dot head(-1)center dot d(-1)) stocking rates in the late fall grazing period, and 115% greater with light (0.59 +/- 0.06 kg center dot head(-1)center dot d(-1)) than with moderate (0.27 +/- 0.07 kg center dot head(-1)center dot d(-1)) stocking rates in the early spring grazing period. Beef production did not differ between stocking rates for either the late fall (16.4 +/- 3.9 vs. 17.4 +/- 4.5 kg gain center dot ha(-1), light vs. moderate stocking rates) or early spring (9.6 +/- 2.7 vs. 7.6 +/- 4.8 kg gain center dot ha(-1)) grazing periods. We suggest that land managers employ light stocking rates during both grazing periods to obtain adequate individual animal gains without sacrificing gains per unit land area. Lengthening the grazing season in the shortgrass steppe should be economically desirable to land managers because feed costs could be lowered and animal gains obtained through minimal input. C1 USDA ARS High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Justin.Derner@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[489:HPUTSR]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970YY UT WOS:000232349500007 ER PT J AU Haferkamp, MR MacNeil, MD Grings, EE Klement, KD AF Haferkamp, MR MacNeil, MD Grings, EE Klement, KD TI Heifer production on rangeland and seeded forages in the Northern Great Plains SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE 'Alkar'; 'Bozoisky'; 'Hycrest'; 'Luna'; 'NewHy'; 'Prairieland'; 'Rosana'; native rangeland; crude protein; digestibility; standing crop ID RUSSIAN WILDRYE PASTURES; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; NATIVE RANGE; BEEF-PRODUCTION; PERFORMANCE; CATTLE AB Integrating use of seeded perennial cool-season grass pastures with native rangeland can increase available forage and provide a high plane of nutrition for grazing livestock. Our objective was to compare performance of yearling beef heifers grazing native rangeland with those grazing an integrated system that included seeded forages. Twice -replicated, 3-ha pastures seeded to either 'Rosana' western wheatgrass (Pascopyron smithii [Rydb.] A. Love), 'Luna' pubescent wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia [Host] Nevski), or 'Hycrest' crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertn. ssp. desertorum [Fisch. ex Link] A. Love) were grazed in spring, whereas twice-replicated, 3.24-ha pastures seeded to either 'Alkar' tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum [Podp.] ZW Liu & RC Wang), 'NewHy' hybrid wheatgrass (Elymus hoffmannii KB Jensen & KH Asay), 'Bozoisky' Russian wildrye (Psatbyrostacbys juncea [Fisch.] Nevski.), or 'Prairieland' Altai wildrye (Leymus angustus [Trin.] Pilger) were grazed in autumn. Native rangeland was grazed during summer in the integrated system and spring, summer, and autumn in the rangeland treatment. Heifers exhibited greater weight gains on seeded pastures than on native rangeland in spring and autumn of most years. In 2 out of 3 years, heifers that grazed native rangeland during spring gained more (P = 0.012 for gain head(-1) and P = 0.021 for gain head(-1) day(-1)) while grazing native rangeland during summer than heifers that grazed seeded pastures in spring. Spring + summer gains averaged (mean +/- SE) 0.56 +/- 0.01 kg center dot head(-1)-d(-1) and 73.1 +/- 1.6 kg center dot head(-1). Livestock managers need to consider their livestock marketing and management strategies when using seeded pastures for seasonal grazing. C1 USDA ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Haferkamp, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Fort Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM marshall@larrl.ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 495 EP 504 DI 10.2111/05-005R1.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970YY UT WOS:000232349500008 ER PT J AU Mortenson, MC Schuman, GE Ingram, LJ Nayigihugu, V Hesss, BW AF Mortenson, MC Schuman, GE Ingram, LJ Nayigihugu, V Hesss, BW TI Forage production and quality of a mixed-grass rangeland interseeded with Medicago sativa ssp falcata SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE yellow-flowered alfalfa; rangeland improvement; nutritive value ID NITROGEN; ALFALFA; DIGESTIBILITY; FIXATION; AUTUMN AB Interseeding alfalfa into rangelands has been assessed for decades as a method of range improvement to increase forage production and forage quality for livestock. Research was initiated in 2001 to examine the long term effects of interseeding yellow-flowered alfalfa (Medicago sativa ssp. falcata) on northern mixed-grass rangelands. Forage production and forage quality parameters were assessed on sites interseeded in 1965, 1987, and 1998 and compared to adjacent native rangelands. Live aboveground biomass for the 1965, 1987, and 1998 interseeded sites was 68, 143, and 42% higher, respectively, compared to their native control areas. Alfalfa aboveground biomass accounted for 1489 of the 2 969 kg center dot ha(-1) live biomass harvested from the 1965 interseeded site, 1940 of the 2 744 kg center dot ha(-1) on the 1987 interseeded site, and 796 of the 2 322 kg center dot ha(-1) on the 1998 interseeded site. Increased soil N resulting from N fixation by the alfalfa significantly increased the crude protein (CP) content of several native species, whereas the alfalfa itself provided forage with 16 to 18% CP Alfalfa had higher protein degradability and provided higher concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) than the native rangeland grasses. This research has shown that the practice of interseeding yellow-flowering alfalfa into rangelands is sustainable over decades and will increase forage production and improve nutritive value of forage in the northern Great Plains. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Univ Wyoming, Coll Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Schuman, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Jerry.Schuman@ars.usda.gov RI Ingram, Lachlan/E-3529-2013 OI Ingram, Lachlan/0000-0002-4697-9504 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 505 EP 513 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[505:FPAQOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970YY UT WOS:000232349500009 ER PT J AU Bates, JD Miller, RF Svejcar, T AF Bates, JD Miller, RF Svejcar, T TI Long-term successional trends following western juniper cutting SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; cheatgrass; Juniperus occidentalis; shrub-steppe; plant cover; threshold; sagebrush; standing crop ID SOIL-EROSION; OCCIDENTALIS; WOODLANDS; ECOSYSTEMS; VIEWPOINT; OREGON; CUT AB Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis spp. occidentalis Hook.) expansion into sagebrush steppe plant communities in the northern Great Basin has diminished shrub-steppe productivity and diversity. Chainsaw cutting of western juniper woodlands is a commonly applied practice for removing tree interference and restoring understory composition. Studies reporting understory response following juniper cutting have been limited to early successional stages. This study assessed successional dynamics spanning 13 years following tree cutting. Total herbaceous standing crop and cover increased significantly in the CUT. Total standing crop was 10 times greater in the CUT vs. WOODLAND. Herbaceous standing crop and cover, and densities of perennial grasses in the CUT did not change between 1996 and 2004 indicating that by the 5th year after cutting, remaining open areas had been occupied. In the early successional stages, perennial bunchgrasses and Sandberg's bluegrass were dominant. By the 5th year after treatment, cheatgrass had supplanted Sandberg's bluegrass and was codominant with perennial bunchgrasses. In 2003 and 2004, perennial bunchgrasses dominated herbaceous productivity in the CUT, representing nearly 90% of total herbaceous standing crop. A pretreatment density of 2-3 perennial bunchgrasses m(-2) appeared to be sufficient to permit natural recovery after juniper control. Perennial bunchgrass density peaked in the 6th year after treatment and the results suggested that 10-12 plants m(-2) were sufficient to fully occupy the site and dominate herbaceous composition in subsequent years. In the CUT, juniper rapidly reestablished from seed and from the presence of seedlings not controlled in the initial treatment. The shifts in herbaceous composition across years suggests that long term monitoring is important for evaluating plant community response to juniper control and to develop appropriate post treatment management to promote continued site improvement. C1 Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Dept Agr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Rangeland Resources Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bates, JD (reprint author), Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Dept Agr, 67826-A Hwy,205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jon.bates@oregonstate.edu NR 30 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[533:LSTFWJ]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970YY UT WOS:000232349500012 ER PT J AU VanAmburg, LK Booth, DT Weltz, MA Trlica, MJ AF VanAmburg, LK Booth, DT Weltz, MA Trlica, MJ TI A laser point frame to measure cover SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bare ground measurement; magnetic point frame; pin frame; point sampling AB The point sample method has been a standard plotless method for measurement of ground cover on rangelands since it was introduced by Levy in 1927. The instrument most commonly used to do point sampling is the point frame. Since its introduction, the point frame has undergone numerous modifications to improve efficiency and ease of use. This article introduces a laser point frame (LPF) that was designed by the Agricultural Research Service for measurement of ground cover and utilizes lasers in place of conventional metal pins. A comparative pilot study was conducted on a shortgrass prairie in northern Colorado to compare data collected using a magnetic point frame (MPF) with data collected using the LPE Cover by species was measured from identical plots using 100 points per plot for each point frame, and sampling times were recorded for each plot. Correlations between cover data collected using the MPF and the LPF were relatively high (r(2) = 0.62-0.81). Total average vegetative cover measured with the MPF was 35%, compared with 40%, using the LPF. Cover of total grasses, C-4 grasses, C-3 grasses, and litter, were significantly greater with the LPF method. Total sampling time per 100 points was almost half using the LPF compared with the MPF The LPF was easy to use, efficient for measurement of cover, and is a potential replacement for conventional point frames. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Program Leader Hydrol Remote Sensing, Beltsville, MD USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Terry.Booth@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 58 IS 5 BP 557 EP 560 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[557:ALPFTM]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 970YY UT WOS:000232349500015 ER PT J AU Pokorny, ML Sheley, RL Zabinski, CA Engel, RE Svejcar, TJ Borkowski, JJ AF Pokorny, ML Sheley, RL Zabinski, CA Engel, RE Svejcar, TJ Borkowski, JJ TI Plant functional group diversity as a mechanism for invasion resistance SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Centaurea maculosa; functional group diversity; grasslands; invasion resistance; nutrient concentration; nutrient uptake; plant functional groups; Spotted knapweed ID ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; COMMUNITY INVASIBILITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; GRASSLAND; BIODIVERSITY; COMPETITION; MANAGEMENT; LIMITATION; STRATEGIES AB A commonly cited mechanism for invasion resistance is more complete resource use by diverse plant assemblages with maximum niche complementarity. We investigated the invasion resistance of several plant functional groups against the nonindigenous forb Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa). The study consisted of a factorial combination of seven functional group removals (groups singularly or in combination) and two C. maculosa treatments (addition vs. no addition) applied in a randomized complete block design replicated four times at each of two sites. We quantified aboveground plant material nutrient concentration and uptake (concentration X biomass) by indigenous functional groups: grasses, shallow-rooted forbs, deep-rooted forbs, spikemoss, and the nonindigenous invader C. maculosa. In 2001, C. maculosa density depended upon which functional groups were removed. The highest C. maculosa densities occurred where all vegetation or all forbs were removed. Centaurea maculosa densities were the lowest in plots where nothing, shallow-rooted forbs, deep-rooted forbs, grasses, or spikemoss were removed. Functional group biomass was also collected and analyzed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulphur. Based on covariate analyses, postremoval indigenous plot biomass did not relate to invasion by C. maculosa. Analysis of variance indicated that C. maculosa tissue nutrient percentage and net nutrient uptake were most similar to indigenous forb functional groups. Our study suggests that establishing and maintaining a diversity of plant functional groups within the plant community enhances resistance to invasion. Indigenous plants of functionally similar groups as an invader may be particularly important in invasion resistance. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Pokorny, ML (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mpokorny@montana.edu NR 66 TC 109 Z9 115 U1 5 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 448 EP 459 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00056.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 961PF UT WOS:000231673600004 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Derner, JD Wilsey, BJ AF Polley, HW Derner, JD Wilsey, BJ TI Patterns of plant species diversity in remnant and restored tallgrass prairies SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colonization limitation; functional groups; niche partitioning; prairie restoration; species diversity; species evenness; species richness; tallgrass prairie ID ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; REGIONAL PROCESSES; RICHNESS; EVENNESS; PRODUCTIVITY; RESTORATION; GRASSLANDS; HISTORY; BIOMASS; SCALE AB To restore diversity of native vegetation, we must understand factors responsible for diversity in targeted communities. These factors operate at different spatial scales and may affect the number and relative abundances of species differently. We measured diversity of plant species and functional groups of species in replicated plots within paired restored and remnant (relic) tallgrass prairies at three locations in central Texas, U.S.A. To determine the contributions of species abundances and of spatial patterns of diversity to differences between prairie types, we separated diversity into richness and evenness (relative biomass) and into within-plot (alpha), among-plot (beta), and prairie (gamma) components. Species diversity was greater in remnant than in restored prairies at all spatial scales. At the gamma scale, both species richness and species evenness were greater in remnants because of greater spatial variation in species composition. At the alpha scale, remnants were more diverse because of greater richness alone. Mean a richness correlated positively with the size of the species pool in restored prairies only, implying that in remnants, a richness was influenced more by colonization dynamics than by the number of species available for colonization. Plots in remnant prairies contained more functional groups and fewer species per group than did plots in restored prairies, suggesting that resource partitioning was greater in relic prairies. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that local ecological processes, like resource partitioning and limitations on seed dispersal, contribute to the greater diversity of remnant than restored prairies in central Texas. Restoration practices that limit abundances of competitive dominants, increase the number of species in seed mixtures, and increase the proximity of plants of different functional groups thus may be required to better simulate the plant diversity of tallgrass prairies. C1 ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, USDA, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50012 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wpolley@spa.ars.usda.gov OI Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 NR 31 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 4 U2 64 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 480 EP 487 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00060.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 961PF UT WOS:000231673600007 ER PT J AU Morghan, KJR Rice, KJ AF Morghan, KJR Rice, KJ TI Centaurea solstitialis invasion success is influenced by Nassella pulchra size SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Centaurea solstitialis; grassland restoration; invasion; Nassella putchra ID YELLOW STARTHISTLE; CALIFORNIA; IMPACTS; GROWTH; DENSITY AB Replacement of perennial grasses with non-native annual grasses in California's Central Valley grasslands and foothills has increased deep soil water availability. Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), a deep-rooted invasive thistle, can use this water to invade annual grasslands. Native perennial bunchgrasses, such as Purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra), also use deep soil water, so there is an overlap in resource use between N. pulchra and C. solstitialis. Restoration of N. pulchra to annual grasslands could result in strong competitive interactions between N. pulchra and C. solstitialis, which may reduce survival, growth, and reproduction of the invader. The strength of this competitive interaction can increase as N. pulchra plants mature, increase in size, and develop more extensive root systems. We studied how the size of N. pulchra affected the success of C. solstitialis invasion over 2 years. We allowed C. solstitialis seed to fall naturally into plots containing N. pulchra plants. For each plot, we measured the number of C. solstitialis seedlings and mature plants, as well as C. solstitialis biomass and seedhead production. In both years of the study, C. solstitialis number, biomass, and seedhead production declined significantly as N. pulchra size increased. However, even C. solstitialis grown with the largest N. pulchra plants produced some seed, especially during the higher rainfall year. We conclude that restoration plantings with larger, established N. pulchra plants will be more resistant to invasion by C. solstitialis than young N. pulchra plantings, but site management must continue as long as a C. solstitialis seed source is present. C1 ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Morghan, KJR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 67826-A,Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM morghan@rocketmail.com NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 524 EP 528 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 961PF UT WOS:000231673600012 ER PT J AU Variyam, JN Mishra, A AF Variyam, JN Mishra, A TI The well-being of US farm workers: A look at health SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Allied-Social-Sciences-Association CY JAN 07-09, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Allied Social Sci Assoc C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Food & Rural Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Econ Res Serv, USDA, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Variyam, JN (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Food & Rural Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. OI Mishra, Ashok/0000-0002-0988-1428 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2005.00231.x PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 955NA UT WOS:000231231400007 ER PT J AU Liefert, W Lerman, Z Gardner, B Serova, E AF Liefert, W Lerman, Z Gardner, B Serova, E TI Agricultural labor in Russia: Efficiency and profitability SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Allied-Social-Sciences-Association CY JAN 07-09, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Allied Social Sci Assoc C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Market & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Agr Econ & Management, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liefert, W (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Market & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 412 EP 417 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2005.00237.x PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 955NA UT WOS:000231231400014 ER PT J AU Wilde, P Nord, M AF Wilde, P Nord, M TI The effect of food stamps on food security: A panel data approach SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Allied-Social-Sciences-Association CY JAN 07-09, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Allied Social Sci Assoc C1 Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Wilde, P (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RI Wilde, Parke/B-6011-2009 OI Wilde, Parke/0000-0002-9596-9230 NR 8 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2005.00239.x PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 955NA UT WOS:000231231400016 ER PT J AU Forsythe, KW AF Forsythe, KW TI Discussant's response to "Implications from studies of foot and mouth disease" SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Forsythe, KW (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 473 EP 474 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2005.00246.x PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 955NA UT WOS:000231231400023 ER PT J AU Horan, R Wolf, CA Fenichel, EP Mathews, KH AF Horan, R Wolf, CA Fenichel, EP Mathews, KH TI Spatial management of wildlife disease SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Allied-Social-Sciences-Association CY JAN 07-09, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Allied Social Sci Assoc C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Econ Res Serv, Market & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Horan, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. OI Fenichel, Eli/0000-0002-7649-8250 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2005.00248.x PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 955NA UT WOS:000231231400025 ER PT J AU Silva, IR Ferrufino, A Sanzonowicz, C Smyth, TJ Israel, DW Junior, TEC AF Silva, IR Ferrufino, A Sanzonowicz, C Smyth, TJ Israel, DW Junior, TEC TI Interactions between magnesium, calcium, and aluminum on soybean root elongation SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIA DO SOLO LA English DT Article DE cation amelioration; aluminum toxicity; root stress; soil acidity ID ACID SUBSURFACE SOLUTIONS; CATION AMELIORATION; LIMED SOIL; INHIBITION; PLANTS; PHYTOTOXICITY; ALLEVIATION; EXTENSION; SEEDLINGS; TOXICITY AB Alleviation of Al rhizotoxicity by Ca and Mg can differ among species and genotypes. Root elongation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] line N93-S-179 and evs. Young and Ransom exposed to varying concentrations of Al, Ca and Big were compared in two experiments using a vertically split root system. Roots extending from a surface compartment with limed soil grew for 12 days into a subsurface compartment with nutrient solution treatments maintained at pH 4.6 with either 0 or 15 mu mol L-1 Al. Calcium and Mg concentrations in treatments ranging from 0 to 20 mmol L-1. Although an adequate supply of Mg was provided in the surface soil compartment for soybean top growth, an inclusion of Mg was necessary in the subsurface solutions to promote root elongation in both the presence and absence of Al. In the absence of Al in the subsurface solution, tap root length increased by 74 % and lateral root length tripled when Mg in the solutions was increased from 0 to either 2 or 10 mmol L-1. In the presence of 15 mu mol L-1 Al, additions of 2 or 10 mmol L-1 Mg increased tap root length fourfold and lateral root length by a factor of 65. This high efficacy of Mg may have masked differences in Al tolerance between genotypes N93 and Young. Magnesium was more effective than Ca in alleviating Al rhizotoxicity, and its ameliorative properties could not be accounted for by estimated electrostatic changes in root membrane potential and Al3+ activity at the root surface. The physiological mechanisms of Mg alleviation of Al injury in roots, however, are not known. C1 Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Solos, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. Inst Boliviano Tecnol Agropecuaris Chapare, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Natl Ctr Cerrado Res, Planaltina, DF, Brazil. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Silva, IR (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Solos, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM ivosilva@ufv.br NR 37 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIA DO SOLO PI VICOSA PA C P 231, BR-36571-000 VICOSA, MG, BRAZIL SN 0100-0683 J9 REV BRAS CIENC SOLO JI Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 747 EP 754 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 983DM UT WOS:000233211300010 ER PT J AU Solis, MA Davis, DR Nishida, K AF Solis, MA Davis, DR Nishida, K TI Life history and systematics of Albusambia elaphoglossumae (Lepidoptera : Crambidae): A new genus and species of musotimine with leaf-mining biology from Costa Rica SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Elaphoglossum conspersum; F. biolleyi gregarious larvae; fern; leaf ruiner; neotropical; Neurophyseta; Proacrias; Undulambia ID LYGODIUM-MICROPHYLLUM SCHIZAEACEAE; FERNS; MOTHS AB Albusambia elaphoglossumae Solis & Davis. a new genus and species, is described. It was discovered mining, the fronds of the fern Elaphoglossum conspersum in Costa Rica (San Jose and Cartago Provinces, at elevations of 2300-3100 m). The type series was obtained by rearing of the immature stap in laboratory. The adult is defined by unique genital characters, and the Pupa with a medial depression on the vertex and with two anterolateral horn-like structures on the prothorax. The larva is a gregarious leaf ruiner with its body flattened dorsoventrally and head prognathous morphological adaptations to its leaf-mining habit are new to the Musotiminae. Fern-feeding musotimines are important to the discovery of new biological control agents for invasive ferns. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Sistema Estudios Posgrado Biol, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM asolis@sel.barc.usda.gov; davis.don@nmnh.si.edu; knishida@cariari.ucr.ac.cr NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD SEP-DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3-4 BP 487 EP 501 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 022ER UT WOS:000236038200017 PM 17354458 ER PT J AU Monaco, TA Monsen, SB Smith, BN Hansen, LD AF Monaco, TA Monsen, SB Smith, BN Hansen, LD TI Temperature-dependent physiology of Poa secunda, a cool season grass native to the Great Basin, United States SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Poa secunda; Bromus tectorum; dark respiration; calorimetry; shrub steppe; metabolic heat; temperature ID BROMUS-TECTORUM L; PLANT-GROWTH; NORTH-AMERICA; RESPIRATION; CHEATGRASS; HISTORY AB Poa secunda Presl. is one of the few native perennial bunchgrasses in the Intermountain West to persist and co-occur with the invasive annual Bromus tectorum L. following widespread overgrazing and frequent wildfires. To identify potential mechanisms responsible for the co-occurrence of P. secunda with B. tectorum, respiration rates (R-CO2) of eight populations were measured at 10, 20, and 30 degrees C on laboratory-grown plants by infrared gas analysis. In addition, R-CO2, and metabolic heat rates (q) of nine field-grown populations were measured at 10 and 20 degrees C using calorimetry on eight dates over a growing season to compare temperature-dependent physiology of P. secunda with previous published patterns for B. tectorum. Laboratory respiration rates of P. secunda populations suggest considerable intraspecific variation in physiological response to temperature. Changes in slope for R-CO2, and q over the growing season were steeper at 20 than at 10 degrees C, suggesting that P. secunda populations are more capable of maintaining steady rates of metabolism at low than at high temperatures. However, growth rates of P. secunda were relatively lower than those for B. tectorum at 10 degrees C. Calculations of growth rates and efficiency of converting substrate carbon into biomass of P. secunda consistently remained positive, while those for B. tectorum rapidly declined at temperatures above 10 degrees C. These data suggest that P. secunda co-occurrence with B. tectorum over a broad range of plant communities in the Intermountain West may be partially explained by having a similar ability to maintain positive and stable growth rate at low temperature. In addition, the greater ability of P. secunda to maintain growth rates and metabolic efficiency at higher temperatures than B. tectorum may allow this perennial grass to compensate for the greater relative growth rates of B. tectorum at low temperature. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA FS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Bot & Range Sci, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Monaco, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tmonaco@cc.usu.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PI NEW YORK PA C/O KLUWER ACADEMIC-PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1021-4437 J9 RUSS J PLANT PHYSL+ JI Russ. J. Plant Physiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 653 EP 658 DI 10.1007/s11183-005-0096-4 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 974BB UT WOS:000232565200012 ER PT J AU Ping, CL Michaelson, GJ Kimble, JM Walker, DA AF Ping, CL Michaelson, GJ Kimble, JM Walker, DA TI Soil acidity and exchange properties of cryogenic soils in Arctic Alaska SO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposiumon Plant-Soil Interactions at Low PH CY AUG 01-05, 2004 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Japanese Soc Soil Sci & Plant Nutr DE Alaska; gelisols; soil acidity; tundra soils AB The physical and chemical properties of Arctic tundra soils were studied along a 250-km latitudinal transect in northern Alaska. The transect includes the nonacidic tundra of the Arctic Coastal Plain, the moist nonacidic tundra of the northern Arctic Foothills, and moist acidic tundra of the southern Arctic Foothills. The parent material of the coastal plain consists of carbonate-rich alluvium. The northern foothills have a mantle of calcareous loess. Further south the parent materials are moraines of late Quaternary. Vegetation changes from sedges on the coastal plain, to grasses on the northern foothills, and tussock and shrub tundra in southern foothills. Following the same order, soil pH and base saturation decrease and soil acidity increases. Most of the soil exchangeable acidity and cation exchange capacity are from soil organic matter. C1 USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res Ctr, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Ping, CL (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Fed Bldg Rm 345,100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU JAPANESE SOC SOIL SCIENCE PLANT NUTRITION PI TOKYO PA BUSINESS CENTER ACAD SOC JAPAN 16-9, HONKOMAGOME 5-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 0038-0768 J9 SOIL SCI PLANT NUTR JI Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 51 IS 5 BP 649 EP 653 DI 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2005.tb00083.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 961UC UT WOS:000231686300013 ER PT J AU Baligar, VC Fageria, NK AF Baligar, VC Fageria, NK TI Soil aluminum effects on growth and nutrition of cacao SO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposiumon Plant-Soil Interactions at Low PH CY AUG 01-05, 2004 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Japanese Soc Soil Sci & Plant Nutr DE net assimilation rates; nutrient influx and transport; nutrient use efficiency; relative growth rate; Theobroma cacao ID CROP AB In acid soils, Al toxicity and nutrient deficiencies are main constraints for low yield of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). A controlled growth chamber experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three Al saturations (0.2, 19, and 26%) adjusted by addition of dolomitic lime on growth and nutrient uptake parameters of cacao. Overall, increasing soil Al saturation decreased shoot and root dry weight, stem height, root length, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate. However, increasing soil Al saturation increased leaf area, specific leaf area (total leaf area/total leaf dry wt), and leaf area ratio (total leaf area/ shoot+root wt). Increasing soil Al saturation decreased uptake of elements. Nutrient influx (IN) and transport (TH) decreased significantly for K, Ca and Mg, and showed an increasing trend for S and P as soil Al saturation increased. However, increasing soil Al saturation significantly increased nutrient use efficiency ratio (ER, mg of shoot weight produced per mg of element in shoot) of Ca, Mg and K and decreased ER for other elements. Reduction of soil acidity constraints with addition of lime and fertilizers appear to be key factors in improving cacao yields in infertile, acidic, tropical soils. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio de Goias, Go, Brazil. RP Baligar, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Av, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU JAPANESE SOC SOIL SCIENCE PLANT NUTRITION PI TOKYO PA BUSINESS CENTER ACAD SOC JAPAN 16-9, HONKOMAGOME 5-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 0038-0768 J9 SOIL SCI PLANT NUTR JI Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 51 IS 5 BP 709 EP 713 DI 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2005.tb00097.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 961UC UT WOS:000231686300027 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Corwin, DL Shouse, PJ Suarez, DL AF Goldberg, S Corwin, DL Shouse, PJ Suarez, DL TI Prediction of boron adsorption by field samples of diverse textures SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT CAPACITANCE MODEL; SOIL; TRANSPORT; WATER AB Soil texture often varies dramatically in both vertical and horizontal directions in field situations and affects the amount of B adsorbed and B movement. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of clay content on B adsorption and to test the predictive ability of the constant capacitance model to describe B adsorption as related to changes in clay content. Boron adsorption on 15 soil samples constituting five depths of each of three sites in the western San Joaquin Valley of California was investigated. Boron adsorption increased with increasing pH, reached an adsorption maximum around pH 9, and decreased with further increases in pH. The model was able to describe B adsorption on the soils by simultaneously optimizing three surface complexation constants. The model was able to predict B adsorption by using surface complexation constants calculated from easily measured chemical parameters. The model was also able to predict B adsorption at all of the depths using the surface complexation constants predicted with the chemical properties of one of the surface depths and a surface area value calculated from clay content. These results are very encouraging, suggesting that for a particular soil series, B adsorption for various sites and depths in a field can be predicted using only clay content and the chemical information from a different site in the same field. Incorporation of the prediction equations into chemical speciation-transport models will allow simulation of soil solution B concentrations in horizontal and vertical space under diverse environmental and agricultural conditions. C1 USDA, ARS, Salinity Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1379 EP 1388 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0354 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 963PY UT WOS:000231817500003 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Lesch, SM Suarez, DL Basta, NT AF Goldberg, S Lesch, SM Suarez, DL Basta, NT TI Predicting arsenate adsorption by soils using soil chemical parameters in the constant capacitance model SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; OXIDE MINERALS; IRON-OXIDE; SOLUTION INTERFACE; BORON ADSORPTION; SURFACE; PHOSPHATE; COMPLEXATION; GOETHITE; AS(V) AB The constant capacitance model, a chemical surface complexation model, was applied to arsenate, As(V), adsorption on 49 soils selected for variation in soil properties. The constant capacitance model was able to fit arsenate adsorption on all soils by optimizing either three monodentate or two bidentate As(V) surface complexation constants. A general regression model was developed for predicting soil As(V) surface complexation constants from easily measured soil chemical characteristics. These chemical properties were cation exchange capacity (CEC), inorganic C (IOC) content, organic C (OC) content, iron oxide content, and surface area (SA). The prediction equations were used to obtain values for the As(V) surface complexation constants for five additional soils, thereby providing a completely independent evaluation of the ability of the constant capacitance model to describe As(V) adsorption. The model's ability to predict As(V) adsorption was quantitative on three soils, semi-quantitative on one soil, and poor on another soil. Incorporation of these prediction equations into chemical speciation-transport models will allow simulation of soil solution As(V) concentrations under diverse agricultural and environmental conditions without the requirement of soil specific adsorption data and subsequent parameter optimization. C1 USDA, ARS, Salinity Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Salinity Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1398 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0393 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 963PY UT WOS:000231817500004 ER PT J AU Brownfield, SH Nettleton, WD Weisel, CJ Peterson, N McGrath, C AF Brownfield, SH Nettleton, WD Weisel, CJ Peterson, N McGrath, C TI Tephra influence on spokane-flood terraces, Bonner County, Idaho SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA; COLUMBIA PLATEAU; NORTHERN IDAHO; NEW-ZEALAND; SOILS; WASHINGTON; ALLOPHANE; ALUMINUM; VALLEY AB In a previous study, our team described five Pleistocene Spokane-flood terraces with a ridge-and-trough surface topography in very gravelly outwash deposits we thought differed in age by < 2000 years, but others later found to differ by about 6000 years (19 000 and 13 000 C-14 yr BP). Given the possibility of a longer time difference for soil development before deposition of any tephra, we obtained analytical data and reexamined the study thinking that an age difference of 6000 yr would have implications for soil classification and possibly suggest new series. Holocene tephra in the very fine sand (vfs) fraction (0.05-0.10 mm) ranges from 1% in the ridges to 93% in the troughs. The mean of the vfs fraction tephra content of soils on ridges of the higher, and presumably older, terraces (11%) is significantly less than that of soils on ridges of the lower and younger terraces (45%). The mean tephra content in the troughs (77%) does not vary by terrace level. The maximum fine-earth (< 2 mm) allophane content of the youngest ridge is 96.3 g kg(-1) and that of the youngest trough is 95.4 g kg(-1). These amounts are greater than five times those of ridge soils on the older terraces. Only about 20 to 50% of the estimated Mount Mazama tephra fall remains on the older Bonner and Kootenai soils, whereas the older Rathdrum soil retains about 400% of the estimated Mount Mazama tephra fall. Minor amounts occur in the Histosol on the flood plain. Isotic 50- to 100-mu m thick coatings on some A and B horizon sands indicate that weathering has been minor. Low spodic-horizon indicators (Al-o and Fe-o in subsurface horizons), and high ammonium oxalate extract optical densities of surface horizons, also suggest no fulvic acid leaching. Below the tephra influence, however, the outwash grains have anisotropic clay minerals showing that some weathering may have occurred before deposition of the tephra. The higher allophane content, higher NaF pH, and higher P-retention of lower terrace ridge soils, as compared with higher terrace ridge soils, results mostly from variation in the amount of their tephra and now justifies classifying ridge soils on higher and lower terraces into different taxa and opens the possibility of differentiating soil series by terrace level. C1 USDA, NRCS, NSC, Natl Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. USDA, NRCS, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Nettleton, WD (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, NSC, Natl Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM dnettleton@inebraska.com NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1422 EP 1431 DI 10.2136/sssaj2000.0221 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 963PY UT WOS:000231817500008 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Li, ZB Ding, WF AF Zhang, XC Li, ZB Ding, WF TI Validation of WEPP sediment feedback relationships using spatially distributed rill erosion data SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; EQUATION; TRACERS AB Process-based soil erosion models have not been thoroughly evaluated due to the lack of spatially distributed, instantaneous rill erosion data. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the sediment feedback relationships of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model using distributed instantaneous rill erosion data derived with rare earth element (REE) tracers. Four REE oxide powders (Ce2O3, Nd2O3, SM2O3, and DY2O3) were separately mixed with a loessial silt loam soil, and each mix was packed in a 1-m segment of a 4-m flume. Each packed flume was subjected to flow scouring at a selected slope and inflow rate for 13 to 17 min, depending on slope and discharge. Three slopes (10.5, 15.8, and 20.2%) and five inflow rates (2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 L min(-1)) were used, and two replicates were made for each combination. Runoff and sediment samples were collected at 1- or 2-min intervals. Flow velocity and width were monitored. Sediment samples were analyzed for the REE composition by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). The REE concentrations in each sample were used to estimate sediment deliveries from each I-m tagged segment. Net rill detachment rates tended to decrease linearly as sediment loads increased in the downslope direction. The negative slope of linear regression (or rate of the decrease), which became more negative with inflow rates at the 10.5% slope but less negative at the 20.2% slope, substantiated the sediment feedback relationships assumed in the WEPP model. The WEPP-calculated and REE-measured rill detachment rates agreed reasonably well, with the model efficiency being 0.511. Overall, the results show that the assumed sediment feedback relationships used in the WEPP model are reasonable for simulating rill detachment. C1 USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Xian Technol Univ, Xian 710048, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. CAS, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. MWR, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. Yangtse Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Wuhan 430010, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1440 EP 1447 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0309 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 963PY UT WOS:000231817500010 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA TI Bermudagrass management in the southern piedmont USA: VII. Soil-profile organic carbon and total nitrogen SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BROILER LITTER; TALL FESCUE; LAND; EMISSIONS; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT AB Estimates of potential soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN) sequestration at depths below the traditional plow layer (i.e., 0-0.3 m) in agricultural systems are needed to improve our understanding of management influences on nutrient cycling and potential greenhouse gas mitigation. We evaluated the factorial combination of nutrient source (inorganic, inorganic + cover crop, and broiler litter) and forage utilization (unharvested, bayed monthly, and low and high grazing pressure) on profile distribution of and changes in SOC and TN during the first 5 yr of 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] management. Nutrient source did not affect SOC and TN in the soil profile. Contents of SOC and TN under haying were lower than under other management systems throughout the soil profile. Averaged across nutrient sources, SOC sequestration to a depth of 0.9 to was 3.6 Mg ha(-1) (P = 0.06) under low grazing pressure and 2.4 Mg ha(-1)(P = 0.19) under high grazing pressure. Sequestration of TN was 0.49 Mg ha(-1) (P = 0.03) under low grazing pressure and 0.56 Mg ha(-1) (P = 0.02) under high grazing pressure. The minimum change in SOC and TN needed to detect significant (P = 0.1) sequestration increased an average of 0.6 and 0.10 Mg ha(-1), respectively, for each additional 0.3-m layer of soil. This study demonstrated that plow-layer accumulation of SOC and TN occurred, but that increased variability with depth and small loss of SOC and TN with an additional 0.3 to below the plow layer erased the significance of surface effects. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1455 EP 1462 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0142 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 963PY UT WOS:000231817500012 ER PT J AU Rieke-Zapp, DH Nearing, MA AF Rieke-Zapp, DH Nearing, MA TI Slope shape effects on erosion: A laboratory study SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; CHANNEL NETWORKS; RIVER BASINS; MODEL; RILLS; LISEM; FLOW; GIS AB Data on soil erosion at the slope scale is essentially limited to experiments on uniform slopes. The objective of this research was to measure the rates and patterns of erosion on complex shaped slope elements under controlled laboratory conditions where surface morphology changes could be carefully quantified. Artificial rainfall was applied for 90 min to a silt loam soil in a 4 by 4 m box. Five slope shapes were formed: uniform, concave-linear, convex-linear, nose slope, and head slope. Digital elevations models (DEMs) of the surface were measured using photogrammetry after 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 90 min. Slope shape had a significant impact on rill patterns, sediment yield, and runoff production. The uniform, nose, and convex-linear slopes yielded more sediment than the concave-linear and head slopes, where sediment deposited on toeslopes. Soil topography led to flow convergence and divergence, resulting in a nonuniform distribution of rill spacing and efficiency. The degree of rill incision was related to slope steepness and length, and rill success was related to the contribution area of the rill. Drainage density approached a similar value for all networks during the experiments. Development of the drainage system was similar to the development of optimum channel networks, in that during the evolution of the rill network energy expenditure was reduced. This indicated that energy expenditure was a quantifiable measure of network development and self-organization. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, Bern, Switzerland. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mnearing@tueson.ars.ag.gov RI Rieke-Zapp, Dirk/F-7643-2010 OI Rieke-Zapp, Dirk/0000-0002-1378-7442 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1463 EP 1471 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0015 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 963PY UT WOS:000231817500013 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Owens, LB Post, WM Izaurralde, RC AF Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Owens, LB Post, WM Izaurralde, RC TI Mechanical properties and organic carbon of soil aggregates in the northern Appalachians SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE SOILS; TENSILE-STRENGTH; WATER-RETENTION; RUPTURE ENERGY; BULK-DENSITY; MATTER; FRIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; FRACTIONS; BEHAVIOR AB Aggregate properties determine the macroscale structural condition of the soil. Understanding of impacts of no-till and traditional agricultural practices on the mechanical properties of aggregates is fundamental to soil management. This study assessed the tensile strength (TS), bulk density (rho(agg)), soil moisture retention (SMR), and soil organic C (SOC) concentration of soil aggregates and determined the interrelationships among aggregate properties under long-term moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow (CP), disk with beef cattle manure (DM), no-till with beef cattle manure (NTM), no-till without beef cattle manure (NT), pasture, and forest systems in the North Appalachian region. Properties were determined on 1- to 8-mm aggregates from 0- to 30-cm soil depth. The TS and SMR (0 to -333 kPa) in NTM were higher than those in MP and CP (P < 0.01). The SOC concentration for NTM was higher than that for MP, CP, and NT (P < 0.01). The rho(agg) was 1.35 Mg m(-3) in NTM and approximately 1.61 Mg m(-3) in MP and CP (P < 0.01). Manuring had a positive and excessive tillage negative impact on aggregate properties. Aggregates from forest had the lowest TS (63 kPa) and rho(agg) (0.99 Mg m(-3)) and the highest SOC concentration (70 g kg(-1)), whereas the MP and CP had the highest TS (approximately 358 kPa) and the lowest SOC concentration (14 g kg(-1)) in 0- to 10-cm depth (P < 0.01). Mean rho(agg) was significantly higher than the density of bulk soil (Pb). The logtransformed TS (LogTS) increased with increasing p(agg) and decreased with increasing aggregate size and SOC. Size, SOC concentration, and p(agg) explained 84% of the variability of LogTS. Long-term (> 35 yr) no-till combined with manuring improved the aggregate properties contrasting with conventionally cultivated systems. C1 Ohio State Univ, FAES, OARDC, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr,Sch Nat Resour, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watersheds, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, FAES, OARDC, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr,Sch Nat Resour, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM blanco.16@osu.edu RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 47 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1472 EP 1481 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0356 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 963PY UT WOS:000231817500014 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Turner, BL Raboy, V Peterson, KL AF Leytem, AB Turner, BL Raboy, V Peterson, KL TI Linking manure properties to phosphorus solubility in calcareous SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE SORPTION; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; IRON; INCEPTISOLS; VERTISOLS AB Land application of manure can increase P transfer in runoff, although the risk depends in part on the characteristics of the manure. We assessed this for calcareous soils using manures from swine (Sus domesticus) fed one of five barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.), including four low phytate mutants and a normal variety, to produce manures with a range of total P (6.8-4.9 g P kg(-1)), water-soluble P (4.3-8.0 g P kg(-1)), total N/P ratios (2.5:1-5.5:1), and total C/P ratios (31:1-67:1). Two experiments were conducted. First, manures were incorporated into three soils on a N (150 mg N kg(-1) soil) or P (27.5 mg P kg(-1) soil) basis three times during a 7-wk incubation. Second, 10 additional soils were incubated for 2 wk following a single P-based manure application (82.5 mg P kg(-1) soil). Water and NaHCO3 (Olsen) extractable P were determined at regular intervals, with microbial P determined by fumigation-extraction after each incubation. For N-based application (i.e., variable P amendment), extractable P increased with total P applied. For P-based applications, the increase in soil P was more closely correlated to microbial P concentration than manure P composition or soil properties. These results suggest that stimulation of the microbial biomass by added organic C is important in determining soil P solubility following manure application. C1 USDA, ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. USDA, ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793N 3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM leytem@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1516 EP 1524 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0315 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 963PY UT WOS:000231817500019 ER PT J AU Penn, CJ Mullins, GL Zelazny, LW AF Penn, CJ Mullins, GL Zelazny, LW TI Mineralogy in relation to phosphorus sorption and dissolved phosphorus losses in runoff SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATE SORPTION; FERRIHYDRITE; INCEPTISOLS; MANAGEMENT; ULTISOLS; MANURE; INDEX; WATER AB The relationship between soil test P (STP) and dissolved reactive P (DRP) in runoff has been shown to vary with soil type due to differences in soil properties. This study was conducted to determine the effect of mineralogy on P sorption behavior and DRP losses in runoff using simulated rainfall. Nine different soil types were sampled from four different fields to provide a range in STP. Unamended soils were packed into runoff boxes for use in a rainfall simulation study (7.5 cm h(-1) for 30 min). A mineralogical analysis and adsorption-desorption isotherm was conducted on one representative sample from each soil type. Results indicated that P retention for adsorption and desorption in separated clay fractions and whole soils was well correlated to At bearing minerals such as hydroxy-interlayered-vermiculite (HIV), gibbsite, and amorphous Al. However, P retention was negatively related to kaolinite content, which was also confirmed by isotherms conducted on pure clay minerals. Based on the isotherm results, all soils were split into two groups based on the ratio of HIV/kaolinite. Soils with a HIV/kaolinite ratio > 0.5 had a significantly lower concentration of DRP in runoff for a given soil water soluble P level compared with soils with a ratio < 0.5. C1 USDA ARS, PSWMRU, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Penn, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSWMRU, 3702 Curtain Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cjp124@psu.edu NR 43 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1532 EP 1540 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0224 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 963PY UT WOS:000231817500021 ER PT J AU Sherrod, LA Peterson, GA Westfall, DG Ahuja, LR AF Sherrod, LA Peterson, GA Westfall, DG Ahuja, LR TI Soil organic carbon pools after 12 years in no-till dryland agroecosystems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROPPING INTENSITY; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; GRASSLAND SOILS; MATTER CHANGES; GREAT-PLAINS; DRIED SOIL; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB Previous studies of no-till management in the Great Plains have shown that increased cropping intensity increased soil organic carbon (SOC). The objectives of this study were to (i) determine which soil C pools (active, slow, and passive) were impacted by cropping intensity after 12 yr of no-till across potential evapotranspiration (PET) and slope position gradients; (ii) relate C pool sizes to the levels found in total SOC; and (iii) determine C pool sizes relative to C levels found in a grass treatment (G). Cropping systems were wheat (Triticum aestivum)-fallow (WIT), wheat-corn (Zea mays L.)-fallow (WCF), wheat-corn-millet (Panicum miliaceum)-fallow (WCMF), and continuous cropping (CC) at three PET sites in Colorado. Active C (Soil microbial biomass C [SMBC]); and slow pool C (particulate organic matter C; POM-C) increased as cropping intensity increased, dependent on PET. Passive C (mineral associated organic C [MAOC]) was strongly influenced by a site-by-slope position interaction but not by cropping system. Toeslope soils had 35% higher POM-C compared with summits and sideslopes. All C pools were strongly correlated with total SOC, with the variability decreasing as C pool turnover time increased. Carbon pool sizes in cropping systems relative to levels found in G were independently influenced by cropping system. The highest were found in the CC system, which had 91, 78, and 90% of the amounts of C found in the perennial G system in the active, slow, and passive C pools, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sherrod, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM Lucretia.Sherrod@colostate.edu RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 45 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1600 EP 1608 DI 10.2136/sssaj2003.0266 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 963PY UT WOS:000231817500029 ER PT J AU Wendling, LA Harsh, JB Palmer, CD Hamilton, MA Dion, HM Boyle, JS Flury, M AF Wendling, LA Harsh, JB Palmer, CD Hamilton, MA Dion, HM Boyle, JS Flury, M TI Rhizosphere effects on cesium fixation sites of soil containing micaceous clays SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHARGE COMPENSATING CATION; SORPTION; ADSORPTION; MINERALS; ILLITE; SEDIMENTS; KINETICS; BIOTITE; CS-137; CS AB Physical and chemical weathering processes in the rhizosphere may lead to the generation of a greater density of Cs-selective frayed edge sites (FES) on rhizosphere soil as compared with bulk soil. This study was undertaken to determine if there are significant differences between bulk and rhizosphere soils from the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) with respect to their ability to bind Cs. The capacity of FES on bulk and rhizosphere soil materials and conditional Cs/K selectivity of FES (K-c(ex)FES) were determined as a function of both soil type and initial exchanger composition. The FES capacity was significantly higher in untreated, Ca-saturated, and K-saturated rhizosphere soil materials as compared with bulk soil materials. Sorption-desorption isotherms were obtained at Cs concentrations between 5 X 10(-9) and 5 X 10(-6) M. No difference in Cs sorption was observed between bulk and rhizosphere soil materials. The composition of the exchanging solution had the greatest effect on the magnitude of Cs desorption; significantly more Cs was desorbed in the presence of KCl than in either CaCl2 or a mixed-cation soil solution. In addition, Cs desorption was greater from rhizosphere soil materials relative to bulk soil materials. Cesium selectivity with respect to both Ca and K was significantly suppressed by weathering in the rhizosphere. We conclude that enhanced weathering in the rhizosphere increased the Cs sorption capacity of FES, but also reduced Cs selectivity on these sites. Enhanced Cs desorption from rhizosphere INL soils is likely in the presence of actively growing plants and associated microorganisms. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wendling, LA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, POB 646120, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lawendling@wsu.edu RI Wendling, Laura/C-3660-2011; Wendling, Laura/A-2745-2014; Flury, Markus/H-2983-2012 OI Wendling, Laura/0000-0002-5728-3684; Flury, Markus/0000-0002-3344-3962 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1652 EP 1657 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0286 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 963PY UT WOS:000231817500035 ER PT J AU Slosser, JE Parajulee, MN Idol, GB Hendrix, DL AF Slosser, JE Parajulee, MN Idol, GB Hendrix, DL TI Populations of bandedwinged whiteflies (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) in the northern Texas Rolling Plains SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SWEET-POTATO; COTTON; HONEYDEW AB During the summer of 2000, widespread infestations of whiteflies developed in dryland and irrigated cotton fields in the northern Texas Rolling Plains. The Texas Rolling Plains whitefly was identified as bandedwinged whitefly, Trialeurodes abutiloneus (Haldeman). This whitefly had spotted wings and cream-colored thorax and abdomen, rather than the typical dark band pattern on the wings and gray-colored thorax and abdomen. This whitefly was associated with 36 plant species, from 11 plant families, during the summer-fall period of 2000 and the spring-summer period of 2001. Laboratory studies indicated that this whitefly could transfer from at least eight species of weed hosts and reproduce successfully on cotton. Giant and western ragweeds (Ambrosia trifida L. and A. psilostachya DC, resectively) appeared to be the most important alternate hosts based on intensity of infestations and abundance of these two weeds. The primary sugars in bandedwinged whitefly honeydew were glucose and fructose, and contaminated cotton lint was slightly to moderately sticky. A significant sticky lint problem did not occur in a test where numbers of immature whteflies <= 33/leaf. Based on sampling data collected periodically from 1988 to 2002 in two locations in the northern Rolling Plains, high bandedwinged whitefly populations were associated with summers that had multiple days with temperatures > 37.8 degrees C. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Slosser, JE (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, POB 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 137 EP 147 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 990PW UT WOS:000233756700001 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Chen, TY Natwick, ET Fitzgerald, G Tuck, S Alexander, P Henneberry, TJ AF Chu, CC Chen, TY Natwick, ET Fitzgerald, G Tuck, S Alexander, P Henneberry, TJ TI Light response by Frankliniella occidentalis to white fluorescent light filtered through color films and ultraviolet- and blue light-emitting diodes SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID STICKY TRAPS; THRIPS; THYSANOPTERA; PREFERENCE; RADIATION; TOMATO AB Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), are economic pests worldwide. A study was conducted to obtain efficacy data to help develop traps for monitoring WFT population variations in the field and greenhouses. Spectral responses were determined using blue sticky card (BC) traps equipped with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the field and a parti-colored light array (PLA) system in the laboratory under darkroom conditions, BC traps equipped with ultraviolet (UV) LEDs were more attractive to this thrips as compared with blue LEDs. Distances from the point of thrips release to the PLA affected the number of thrips caught independently of trap color. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Chu, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 149 EP 154 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 990PW UT WOS:000233756700002 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Cantu, RV AF Showler, AT Cantu, RV TI Intervals between boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) oviposition and square abscission, and development to adulthood in Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, field conditions SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID COTTON SQUARES; INSECTICIDE; EGGS AB This study reports that 6.2 and 5.3 d in 2002 and 2003, respectively, elapsed between boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, oviposition and square abscission under field conditions in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Oviposition to adult weevil emergence from the square took an average of 18.5 d in 2002 and 16.2 d in 2003. Although significant minimum and maximum daily ambient temperature differences were detected between the separate sampling periods in May and June of 2002, oviposition to square abscission and adult emergence periods were not significantly affected. C1 USDA ARS, APMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, APMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 990PW UT WOS:000233756700004 ER PT J AU Ganey, JL Block, WM Ward, JP Strohmeyer, BE AF Ganey, JL Block, WM Ward, JP Strohmeyer, BE TI Home range, habitat use, survival, and fecundity of Mexican spotted owls in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN ARIZONA; POPULATIONS; MOVEMENTS; SELECTION; TELEMETRY; RESOURCE; QUALITY AB We studied home range, habitat use, and vital rates of radio-marked Mexican spotted owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) in 2 study areas in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico. One study area (mesic) was dominated by mixed-conifer forest, the other (xeric) by ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest and pinon (P. edulis)-juniper (Juniperus) woodland. Based on existing knowledge of relative use of forest types by Mexican spotted owls, we predicted that the mesic area would provide habitat of higher quality for spotted owls. Results generally supported this prediction. Median home-range size for owls in the mesic area was approximately half that of owls in the xeric area during both the breeding and non-breeding seasons (n = 6 owls in each area). Despite their reduced size, however, mesic-area home ranges contained twice as much mixed-conifer forest as xeric-area ranges. Owls roosted primarily (> 80% of roosting locations in both seasons) in mixed-conifer forest in both study areas, and home-range size was inversely related to relative amount of mixed-conifer forest within the home range during both seasons. Both survival and fecundity rates were higher in the mesic than in the xeric area. Estimates of population trend based on observed vital rates suggested that the population in the mesic area was self-sustaining or nearly so during the period of study (1992 through 1994), but the population in the xeric area was not. Collectively, our findings suggest that habitat quality for spotted owls was higher in the mesic area than in the xeric area, and that the xeric area might function as an ecological sink. These results support the need for data linking demographic performance to habitat conditions in development of strategies for recovering threatened and endangered species. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ganey, JL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jganey@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 19 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 323 EP 333 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0323:HRHUSA]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 960TS UT WOS:000231616700006 ER PT J AU Devall, MS Thien, LB AF Devall, MS Thien, LB TI Inland occurrence of the strand plant Ipomoea pes-caprae, (Convolvulaceae) around Lake Nicaragua SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CARIBBEAN SEA; VEGETATION; MEXICO; GULF AB Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Roth (railroad vine, Convolvulaceae) is a pantropical, perenial beach plant that forms large patches just above the high tide line on coastal beaches and duties throughout tropical and Subtropical areas of the world. In spite of its wide distribution, only rate occurrences of L pes-caprae have been documented in inland habitats. Here we report. on an extensive population of I. pes-caprae growing on the shores of Lake Nicaragua in the interior of Nicaragua. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Devall, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mdevall@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 380 EP 384 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0380:IOOTSP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 960TS UT WOS:000231616700013 ER PT J AU Jiang, SM Hu, J Yin, WB Chen, YH Wang, RRC Hu, ZM AF Jiang, SM Hu, J Yin, WB Chen, YH Wang, RRC Hu, ZM TI Cloning of resistance gene analogs located on the alien chromosome in an addition line of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-DWARF VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING SITE; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; COMMON WHEAT; MOLECULAR MARKER; RUST RESISTANCE; MICRODISSECTION; IDENTIFICATION; LIBRARY; FAMILY AB Homology-based gene/gene-analog cloning method has been extensively applied in isolation of RGAs (resistance gene analogs) in various plant species. However, serious interference of sequences on homoeologous chromosomes in polyploidy species usually occurred when cloning RGAs in a specific chromosome. In this research, the techniques of chromosome microdissection combined with homology-based cloning were used to clone RGAs from a specific chromosome of Wheat-Thinopyrum alien addition line TAi-27, which was derived from common wheat and Thinopyrum intermedium with a pair of chromosomes from Th. intermedium. The alien chromosomes carry genes for resistance to BYDV. The alien chromosome in TAi-27 was isolated by a glass needle and digested with proteinase K. The DNA of the alien chromosome was amplified by two rounds of Sau3A linker adaptor-mediated PCR. RGAs were amplified by PCR with the degenerated primers designed based on conserved domains of published resistance genes (R genes) by using the alien chromosome DNA, genomic DNA and cDNA of Th. intermedium, TAi-27 and 3B-2 (a parent of TAi-27) as templates. A total of seven RGAs were obtained and sequenced. Of which, a constitutively expressed single-copy NBS-LRR type RGA ACR3 was amplified from the dissected alien chromosome of TAi-27, TcDR2 and TcDR3 were from cDNA of Th. intermedium, AcDR3 was from cDNA of TAi-27, FcDR2 was from cDNA of 3B-2, AR2 was from genomic DNA of TAi-27 and TR2 was from genomic DNA of Th. intermedium. Sequence homology analyses showed that the above RGAs were highly homologous with known resistance genes or resistance gene analogs and belonged to NBS-LRR type of R genes. ACR3 was recovered by PCR from genomic DNA and cDNA of Th. intermedium and TAi-27, but not from 3B-2. Southern hybridization using the digested genomic DNA of Th. intermedium, TAi-27 and 3B-2 as the template and ACR3 as the probe showed that there is only one copy of ACR3 in the genome of Th. intermedium and TAi-27, but it is absent in 3B-2. The ACR3 could be used as a specific probe of the R gene on the alien chromosome of TAi-27. Results of Northern hybridization suggested that ACR3 was constitutively expressed in Th. intermedium and TAi-27, but not 3B-2, and expressed higher in leaves than in roots. This research demonstrated a new way to clone RGAs located on a specific chromosome. The information reported here should be useful to understand the resistance mechanism of, and to clone resistant genes from, the alien chromosome in TAi-27. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, FRRL, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hu, ZM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM zmhu@genetics.ac.cn RI Jiang, Shumei/J-8295-2014 NR 47 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 111 IS 5 BP 923 EP 931 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0022-3 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 974NL UT WOS:000232598600014 PM 16044269 ER PT J AU Tobias, CM Twigg, P Hayden, DM Vogel, KP Mitchell, RM Lazo, GR Chow, EK Sarath, G AF Tobias, CM Twigg, P Hayden, DM Vogel, KP Mitchell, RM Lazo, GR Chow, EK Sarath, G TI Analysis of expressed sequence tags and the identification of associated short tandem repeats in switchgrass SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; PANICUM-VIRGATUM L; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; SSR MARKERS; RICE; GRASSES; WHEAT; MICROSATELLITES; TRANSFORMATION; REGISTRATION AB Switchgrass is a large, North American, perennial grass that is being evaluated as a potential energy crop. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from four switchgrass cv. "Kanlow" cDNA libraries to create a gene inventory of 7,810 unique gene clusters from a total of 11,990 individual sequences. Blast similarity searches to SwissProt and GenBank non-redundant protein and nucleotide databases were performed and a total of 79% of these unique clusters were found to be similar to existing protein or nucleotide sequences. Tentative functional classification of 61% of the sequences was possible by association with appropriate gene ontology descriptors. Significant differential representation between genes in leaf, stem, crown, and callus libraries was observed for many highly expressed genes The unique gene clusters were screened for the presence of short tandem repeats for further development as microsatellite markers. A total of 334 gene clusters contained repeats representing 3.8% of the ESTs queried. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. Univ Nebraska, ARS, USDA, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Tobias, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ctobias@pw.usda.gov RI Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR16569] NR 34 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 111 IS 5 BP 956 EP 964 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0030-3 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 974NL UT WOS:000232598600018 PM 16049706 ER PT J AU Guo, B Sleper, DA Arelli, PR Shannon, JG Nguyen, HT AF Guo, B Sleper, DA Arelli, PR Shannon, JG Nguyen, HT TI Identification of QTLs associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode races 2, 3 and 5 in soybean PI 90763 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; CONFIDENCE-INTERVAL; MOLECULAR MARKERS; UNDERLYING RESISTANCE; COMPLEX TRAITS; LOCATION; RHG4; GENE AB Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a major soybean pest throughout the soybean growing regions in the world, including the USA. Soybean PI 90763 is an important SCN resistance source. It is resistant to several SCN populations including races 2, 3 and 5. But its genetics of resistance is not well known. The objectives of this study were to: (1) confirm quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to SCN race 3 in PI 90763 and (2) identify QTLs for resistance to SCN races 2 and 5. QTLs were searched in Hamilton x PI 90763 F(2:3)populations using 193 polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) covering 20 linkage groups (LGs). QTLs for resistance to SCN were identified on LGs A2, B1, E, G, J and L. The same QTL was suggested for resistance to different SCN races where their 1-LOD support intervals of QTL positions highly overlapped. The QTL on LG G was associated with resistance to races 2, 3 and 5. The QTL on LG B1 was associated with resistance to races 2 and 5. The QTL on LG J was associated with resistance to races 2 and 3. The QTLs on LGs A2 and L were associated with resistance to race 3. The QTL on LG E was associated with resistance to race 5. We conclude that LGs A2 and B1 may represent an important distinction between resistance to SCN race 3 and resistance to SCN races 2 and 5 in soybean. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, USDA, MSA, Jackson, TN 38305 USA. Univ Missouri, Life Sci Ctr 271F, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sleper, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM SleperD@missouri.edu NR 41 TC 39 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 111 IS 5 BP 965 EP 971 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0031-2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 974NL UT WOS:000232598600019 PM 16075207 ER PT J AU Mienie, CMS Liebenberg, MM Pretorius, ZA Miklas, PN AF Mienie, CMS Liebenberg, MM Pretorius, ZA Miklas, PN TI SCAR markers linked to the common bean rust resistance gene Ur-13 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; MOLECULAR-MARKER; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT; ASSISTED SELECTION; LINKAGE MAP; WHITE MOLD; DISEASE; CLUSTER; IDENTIFICATION; QTL AB Rust in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is caused by Uromyces appendiculatus Pers.:Pers. (Unger) which exhibits a high level of pathogenic diversity. Resistance to this disease is conditioned by a considerable number of genes. Pyramiding resistance genes is desirable and could be simplified by the use of molecular markers closely linked to the genes. The resistance gene Ur-13, present in the South African large seeded cultivar Kranskop, has been used extensively in the local breeding program. The purpose of this study was the development of a molecular marker linked to Ur-13. An F-2 population derived from a cross between Kranskop and a susceptible (South African) cultivar Bonus was used in combination with bulked segregant analysis utilizing the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Seven AFLP fragments linked Significantly to the rust resistance and five were successfully converted to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The co-dominant SCAR markers derived from a 405 bp EAACMACC fragment, KB126, was located 1.6 cM from the gene. Two additional SCAR markers and one cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker were located further from the gene. The gene was mapped to linkage group B8 on the BAT 93/Jalo EEP 558 core map (chromosome 3). C1 ARC Grain Crops Inst, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. Univ Orange Free State, Dept Plant Sci, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Mienie, CMS (reprint author), ARC Grain Crops Inst, Private Bag X1251, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. EM MienieC@arc.agric.za NR 45 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 111 IS 5 BP 972 EP 979 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0037-9 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 974NL UT WOS:000232598600020 PM 16059731 ER PT J AU Adams, SB Warren, ML AF Adams, SB Warren, ML TI Recolonization by warmwater fishes and crayfishes after severe drought in upper coastal plain hill streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL PATTERNS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; RECOVERY; ASSEMBLAGES; DISTURBANCE; HABITAT; POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS; VARIABILITY AB Extreme hydrologic disturbance, such as a supraseasonal drought, can dramatically influence aquatic communities. Documentation of the responses of aquatic communities after such disturbances provides insight into the timing, order, and mechanisms of recolonization. Postdisturbance recolonization of streams depends on many factors, including the region and characteristics of the disturbance relative to the disturbance regime. A supraseasonal drought that ended in the fall of 2000 resulted in the desiccation of numerous small streams or stream segments in northern Mississippi that were normally perennial. We repeatedly sampled fish and crayfish during predrought and postdrought periods in seven stream reaches that dried and five that remained flowing during the drought. From immediately after the drought until early summer of 2001, postdrought fish and crayfish assemblages differed from predrought assemblages in dry sites but not in flowing sites. The initially slow recolonization rates increased considerably during early spring 2001 so that by June 2001 fish catch per unit effort, species composition, and species richness in dry sites no longer differed significantly from predrought values. The fish recolonization process was highly ordered, as indicated by significant patterns of species nestedness over time in dry sites. Crayfish numerical recovery followed a pattern similar to that for fish, and we captured more crayfish in June 2001 than in the predrought period. Patterns in fish and crayfish population size structures over time indicated that repopulation was due to both immigration and reproduction. Recolonization was indicative of high mobility, particularly during spring and early summer. Although the fauna was quite resilient to stream desiccation, the effects on fish species composition and fish and crayfish size structure persisted 1 year after the drought. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Adams, SB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM sadams01@fs.fed.us RI Adams, Susan/C-3559-2008 NR 53 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1173 EP 1192 DI 10.1577/T04-089.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 976MJ UT WOS:000232737300009 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD King, KW AF Harmel, RD King, KW TI Uncertainty in measured sediment and nutrient flux in runoff from small agricultural watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; nonpoint-source pollution; phosphorus; sampling error; water quality sampling ID SAMPLING STRATEGIES; ACCURACY; LOADS; GRAB AB Storm water quality sampling techniques vary considerably in the resources required for sample collection and analysis, and potentially in the resulting constituent flux estimates. However quantitative information on sampling error is rarely available for use in selecting appropriate sampling techniques and for evaluating the effects of various techniques on measured results. In an effort to quantify, uncertainty in constituent flux measurement for flow-interval sampling techniques,water quality data were collected from two small watersheds in central Texas. Each watershed was instrumented with two automated samplers. One sampler was programmed to take high-frequency composite samples to determine the actual load for each runoff event. The other sampler collected discrete samples, from which 15 strategies with 1.32 to 5.28 mm, volumetric depth sampling intervals with discrete and composite sampling were produced. Absolute errors were consistently larger for suspended sediment than for NO3-N and PO4-P for both individual event and cumulative loads, which is attributed to differences in the variability of within-event constituent concentrations. The mean event-specific coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 0.53 to 0.69 for sediment, from 0.38 to 0.39 for NO3-N, and from 0.18 to 0.21 for PO4-P. Event-specific CV values were correlated with the magnitude of absolute errors for individual event loads, with mean r values of 0.52 and 0.57 for the two sites. Cumulative errors were less than +/- 10% for all sampling strategies evaluated. Significant differences in load estimate error resulted from changes in sampling interval, but increasing the number of composited samples had no effect; therefore, composite sampling is recommended if necessary to manage the number of samples collected. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Columbus, OH USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM dharmel@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1713 EP 1721 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 982IN UT WOS:000233151400007 ER PT J AU Grift, TE Tekeste, MZ Raper, RL AF Grift, TE Tekeste, MZ Raper, RL TI Acoustic compaction layer detection SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE plow pan; precision tillage ID ON-THE-GO; CONE PENETROMETER; MOISTURE AB The ASAE standardized tool to detect the depth and strength of compaction layers in the field is the cone penetrometer. Since this method is point-to-point, researchers have experimented with on-the-fly alternatives that can be used as, or in combination with, a standard tillage tool. On-the-fly compaction layer sensing also enables adaptive tillage, where the soil is only tilled as deep as necessary, which can lead to significant energy savings and erosion reduction. Wedged tips, strain gauges mounted on a deflecting tine, air bubbles pushed into the soil, as well as ground-penetrating radar have been tested for this purpose. In this research, passive acoustics was used to detect the compaction layer by recording the sound of a cone being drawn through the soil. The premise was that a more compacted layer should cause higher sound levels, which might reveal the depth and strength of the compaction layer Two experiments were conducted in the soil bins of the USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory in Auburn, Alabama. First, constant-depth tests (15 and 30 cm) at three compaction levels (0.72, 2.8, and 3.6 MPa) revealed the relationship of sound amplitude with depth and compaction. Second, to test the detection capability, the cone was gradually inserted in the soil, passing through an artificial compaction layer A windowed, short-time Fourier transform (STFT) analysis showed that the compaction layer is detectable since the sound amplitude was positively related to depth and compaction levels, but only in the highest frequency range of the spectrum. This led to the conjecture that the soil-cone interface acts as a low-pass filtering mechanism, where the cutoff frequency becomes higher in the compaction layer due to a more intimate contact between sensor and soil. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Grift, TE (reprint author), 1304 W Penn Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM grift@uiuc.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1723 EP 1730 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 982IN UT WOS:000233151400008 ER PT J AU Hanson, GJ Cook, KR Hunt, SL AF Hanson, GJ Cook, KR Hunt, SL TI Physical modeling of overtopping erosion and breach formation of cohesive embankments SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE dam breach; embankments; erosion; flooding; headcut; overtopping ID HEADCUT MIGRATION AB The formation process and timing of a dam embankment breach caused by flood overtopping can dramatically impact the rate at which water is released from a reservoir and directly impacts the hazard to life and property downstream of a breached dam. Therefore, dam embankment erosion processes and the rate of breaching from overtopping events are important to both engineers and planners alike, who must predict impacts on local communities and surrounding areas affected by flooding. There is a distinct difference between the erosion processes of non-cohesive and cohesive embankments during overtopping. The USDA-ARS has conducted seven large-scale overtopping failure tests on cohesive embankments ranging in height from 1.5 to 2.3 m. The purpose of this study is to: (1) establish a better understanding of the erosion process of overtopped cohesive embankments, and (2) provide detailed data for future numerical model development, validation, calibration, and testing. Three soils were tested, two non-plastic SM silly sand materials and a CL lean clay. A four-stage breach erosion process was observed for cohesive embankments. The primary erosion processes observed and reported in this article for cohesive embankments during stages 2 and 3 were headcut migration and erosion widening. The rate of these two processes was observed to vary by several orders of magnitude and was observed to be strongly dependent on the soil material properties. C1 USDA, ARS, HERU, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. USDA, NRCS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Hanson, GJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, HERU, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM greg.hanson@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 43 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1783 EP 1794 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 982IN UT WOS:000233151400014 ER PT J AU Bennedsen, BS Peterson, DL AF Bennedsen, BS Peterson, DL TI An optical method for detecting watercore and mealiness in apples SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE apples; detection; mealiness; spectral reflectance; watercore ID VISION AB Spectral reflection in the wavebands between 600 and 1100 nm was tested for its ability to classify apples according to the presence of watercore and meatiness. A model developed by partial least squares (PLS) regression using four 10 nm wide wavebands at 690, 700, 820, and 830 nm separated watercore and normal apples with an error of 4%. It was found that watercore could only be detected shortly after the apples were harvested. Classification of the watercore apples into slight, moderate, and severe categories may be possible if models are based on a higher number of samples. Mealy apples could be detected from normal and watercore apples in all cases using the reflectance in the 1020, 1040, 1050, and 1095 nm wavebands. Attempts to measure the degree of meatiness, based on spectral reflection, provided no useful results. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bennedsen, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM bsbennedsen@mail.dk NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1819 EP 1826 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 982IN UT WOS:000233151400017 ER PT J AU Pan, Z Thompson, JF Amaratunga, KSP Anderson, T Zheng, X AF Pan, Z Thompson, JF Amaratunga, KSP Anderson, T Zheng, X TI Effect of cooling methods and milling procedures on the appraisal of rice milling quality SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE cooling; head rice yield; heat exchanger; milling; quality; rice sample; temperature; total rice yield; whiteness ID TEMPERATURE; YIELD AB The objective of this research was to appraise the quality of medium-grain rice as affected by cooling and two different Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) milling procedures. Milled rice quality was measured in terms of total rice yield (TRY), head rice yield (HRY), and whiteness. The cooling study used an internal and an external heat exchanger developed for the McGill No. 3 mill with room-temperature water and ice cooled water as cooling media. Californian M202 rough rice samples of three different qualities were milled using the McGill No. 3 mill with and without cooling following the standard FGIS Western rice milling procedure. The cooling methods increased the TRY and HRY, but decreased whiteness. Every 10 degrees C reduction in the milled rice temperature due to cooling corresponded to an increase of 0.9 percentage points in TRY and 1.7 percentage points in HRY The rice samples of M202 from California and Bengal from the Southern region milled with the Western milling procedure had lower TRY (1.0 to 1.4 percentage points) and HRY (2.3 percentage points) compared with the Southern milling procedure. Similar quality results obtained using the Southern milling procedure might be produced 14 using the Western milling procedure with heat exchanger cooling. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Processed Food Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NE Agr Univ, Harbin, Peoples R China. RP Pan, Z (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Processed Food Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zpan@pw.usda.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1865 EP 1871 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 982IN UT WOS:000233151400022 ER PT J AU Wang, S Monzon, M Gazit, Y Tang, J Mitcham, EJ Armstrong, JW AF Wang, S Monzon, M Gazit, Y Tang, J Mitcham, EJ Armstrong, JW TI Temperature-dependent dielectric properties of selected subtropical and tropical fruits and associated insect pests SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE electrical conductivity; fruit fly; microwave; radio frequency; temperature effect ID RADIO-FREQUENCY TREATMENTS; IN-SHELL WALNUTS; CODLING MOTH; MICROWAVE TREATMENTS; FOOD MATERIALS; COAXIAL PROBE; ENERGY; RF; RADIOFREQUENCY; PASTEURIZATION AB Knowledge of the dielectric properties of commodities and insect pests is important in developing thermal treatments for postharvest insect control based on radio frequency (RF) and microwave energy. The dielectric properties of si. x subtropical and tropical fruits along with four associated insect pests were measured between I and 1800 MHz using all open-ended coaxial-line probe technique and at temperatures between 20 degrees C and 60 degrees C. The dielectric loss factor of the fruits and the insects decreased with increasing frequency at constant temperatures. Especially over 10 to 300 MHz, the log of the dielectric loss factor decreased linearly with the log of increasing frequency. The loss factor of the fruits and the insects increased almost linearly with increasing temperature at 27.12 MHz radio,frequency, but remained in a small range at 915 MHz microwave frequency. Both the dielectric constant and the loss factor were the highest in avocado fruit. The dielectric loss factors of insects were generally larger than that of the host fruit at all tested frequencies. But those values were within the same order of magnitude, suggesting that differential heating of insects in fresh fruits was unlikely to occur in RF and microwave systems. Direct measurement of electrical conductivity of fruit pulps can also provide a good estimation of the dielectric loss factor at 27.12 MHz. Matching the electrical conductivity of saline solution can be an effective and simple means to improve heating uniformity of the fruit when subjected to RF systems. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Israel Cohen Inst Biol Control, Plant Prod & Mkt Board, Citrus Div, Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 L J Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jtang@mail.wsu.edu RI Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009; Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004; NR 30 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1873 EP 1881 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 982IN UT WOS:000233151400023 ER PT J AU Wanjura, JD Buser, MD Parnell, CB Shaw, BW Lacey, RE AF Wanjura, JD Buser, MD Parnell, CB Shaw, BW Lacey, RE TI A simulated approach to estimating PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations downwind from cotton gins SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE dispersion modeling; particulate matter AB Cotton gins are required to obtain operating permits from state air pollution regulatory agencies (SAPRA), which regulate the amount of particulate matter that can be emitted. Industrial Source Complex Short Term version 3 (ISCST3) is the Gaussian dispersion model currently used by some SAPRAs to predict downwind concentrations used in the regulatory process in the absence of field sampling data. The maximum ambient concentrations for PM10 and PM2.5 are set by the National. Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) at 150 mu g/m(3) and 65 mu g/m(3) (24 h average), respectively. Some SAPRAs use the NAAQS concentrations as property line concentrations for regulatory purposes. This article reports the results of a unique approach to estimating downwind PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations using Monte Carlo simulation, the Gaussian dispersion equation, the Hino power law, and a particle size distribution that characterizes the dust typically emitted from cotton gin exhausts. These results were then compared to a 10 min concentration (C-10) and the concentrations that would be measured by an FRM PM10 and PM2.5 sampler The total suspended particulate (TSP) emission rate, particle size distributions, and sampler performance characteristics were assigned to triangular distributions to simulate the real-world operation of the gin and sampling systems. The TSP emission factor given in AP-42 for cotton gins was used to derive the PM mass emission rate from a 40 bale/h plant. The Gaussian equation was used to model the ambient TSP concentration downwind from the gin. The performance characteristics for the PM10 and PM2.5 samplers were then used to predict what the measured concentration would be for two PSD conditions. The first PSD assumption was that the mass median diameter (MMD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) were constant at 12 mu m and 2, respectively, and the second scenario assigned a triangular distribution to the MMD and GSD of {15, 20, 25} mu m and {1.8, 2.0, 2.2}, respectively. The results show that the PM2.5 fraction of the dust emitted under either PSD condition was negligible when compared to the NAAQS for PM2.5 of 65 mu g/m(3). The results also demonstrate that correcting for wind direction changes within the hour using the power law reduces the ambient concentration by a factor of 2.45. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, SW Cotton Prod & Ginning Lab, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Wanjura, JD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 324 Scoates Hall,MS 2117 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jdwanjura@tamu.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1919 EP 1925 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 982IN UT WOS:000233151400029 ER PT J AU Qin, J Lu, R AF Qin, J Lu, R TI Detection of pits in tart cherries by hyperspectral transmission imaging SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE fruit; cherry; hyperspectral imaging; near-infrared; neural networks; pit detection ID REFLECTANCE; SYSTEM AB The presence of pits or pit fragments in pitted cherry products poses potential hazard to consumers and thus make the food industry, liable for economic losses. The objective of this research was to develop a hyperspectral imaging technique for detecting pits in tart cherries. Hyperspectral transmission images were acquired from 'Montmorency' tart cherries for four orientations over the spectral region between 450 nm and 1, 000 nm before and after pits were removed. Cherries of three size groups (small, medium, and large), each with two color classes (light red and dark red) for two harvest dates, were used for determining the effect of fruit orientation, size, and color on pit detection. Additional cherries were bruised and then subjected to two different post-bruising treatments (room storage vs. cold storage) to study the bruising effect on pit detection. A feed-forward back propagation neural network (NN) classifier was developed to classify cherries with and without pits. Single spectra and selected regions of interest (ROIs), covering the spectral region between 692 nm and 856 nm, were compared as inputs for the NN. ROIs resulted in 3.5% error in incorrect classification of cherries with pits and 3.1% error for cherries without pits, which were less than half of those from single spectra, when all cherries of mixed groups were used. Fruit size and defect had a great effect on pit detection; the false negative error (incorrect classification of cherries with pits) increased dramatically when small or defective (bruised) cherries were not included in the NN training. However the effect of fruit orientation or color on NN classifications was either small or negligible. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Eiosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Eiosyst & Agr Engn, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu NR 20 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1963 EP 1970 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 982IN UT WOS:000233151400033 ER PT J AU Yang, C Greenberg, SA Everitt, JH AF Yang, C Greenberg, SA Everitt, JH TI Evaluation of herbicide-based cotton regrowth control using remote sensing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE cotton regrowth control; cotton stalk destruction; herbicide; multispectral imagery; reflectance spectrum; remote sensing ID YIELD; IMAGERY; GROWTH AB Post-harvest destruction of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) stalks is an important cultural practice for managing overwintering boll weevils (Anthonomous grandis Boheman) and other insect pests such as the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring) and the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella). Afield experiment was conducted to examine the usefulness of remote sensing technology for evaluating herbicide-based regrowth control for cotton stalk destruction. Ten treatments (one control and nine combinations of three herbicide mixtures and three application timings) were assigned to 30 shredded cotton plots according to a randomized complete block design in a south Texas cotton field in 2002. Ground reflectance spectra were collected on randomly selected sites from each plot. Meanwhile, airborne multispectral digital imagery was obtainedfrom thefield, andplant regrowth was visually rated atfive different levels ranging from no live plants to mostly healthy plants based on ground observations. The reflectance spectra were able to visually separate regrowth differences among the treatments. Although the airborne imagery did not provide sufficient visual differentiation among the treatments, the spectral information extracted from the imagery allowed quantitative separations among the treatments. Seven spectral variables, including the green, red, and near-infrared bands of the multispectral imagery and four vegetation indices derived from the three bands, were used to compare the differences among the treatments. Multiple comparisons showed that the red band and the four vegetation indices detected significant differences among the treatments as detected by the visual rating method. These results indicate that remote sensing can be a useful tool for evaluating herbicide-based regrowth control strategies for cotton stalk destruction. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM cyang@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1987 EP 1994 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 982IN UT WOS:000233151400036 ER PT J AU Marrazzo, WN Heinemann, PH Crassweller, RE LeBlanc, E AF Marrazzo, WN Heinemann, PH Crassweller, RE LeBlanc, E TI Electronic nose chemical sensor feasibility study for the differentiation of apple cultivars SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE apple volatiles; electronic nose; nanotechnology; sensory evaluation AB The ability to analytically differentiate and match intact apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) fruit and fruit juice extracts from different apple cultivars is of interest to the food industry. This study tested the feasibility of detecting the difference among volatile gases evolved from intact 'McIntosh (Buhr),' 'Delicious,' and 'Gala' apples and their extracted juice using a prototype 32-array polymeric detector chemical sensor All data were first processed to obtain principal components. PCA analysis clearly separated whole 'McIntosh, ' 'Gala,' and 'Delicious' samples from juiced on day 1. PCA analysis of day 2 samples showed clustering of whole vs. juiced for all three cultivars, although there was some overlap between the clusters. A soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA.) class discrimination of the sensor principal component data sets was then performed to determine the degree of difference. SIMCA analysis of the same samples showed a pronounced difference (SIMCA value > 3.00)for only the 'McIntosh' samples. SIMCA values between 2.00 and 3.00 were found for the other two cultivars on day 1. For day 2 samples, no SIMCA values greater than 2.00 were found for any cultivar whole vs. juiced. PCA analysis showed clear separation between cultivars for day I whole samples. SIMCA analysis showed that there was a difference between 'Delicious' and 'McIntosh' and between 'Delicious' and 'Gala.' Neither PCA nor SIMCA showed good separation between day 2 whole cultivars, nor between juiced cultivars on either day. As a reference, the same sample headspace volatile gases were analyzed with a mass spectrometer A hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the principal components from the mass spectrometer data sets revealed five clusters that discriminated differences among intact apple and apple juice samples but did not discriminate between samples from different apple cultivars. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Stat Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heinemann, PH (reprint author), 224 Agr Engn Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hzh@psu.edu NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1995 EP 2002 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 982IN UT WOS:000233151400037 ER PT J AU Marrazzo, WN Heinemann, PH Saftner, RA Crassweller, RE Leblanc, E AF Marrazzo, WN Heinemann, PH Saftner, RA Crassweller, RE Leblanc, E TI Electronic nose chemical sensor versus gas chromatography: A feasibility study for the differentiation of apple flavors and essences SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE apple; electronic nose; essences; flavors AB The ability of chemical sensors to differentiate and match samples of apple flavors and essences is of interest to the flavor and food industries. This study evaluated the feasibility of using a prototype chemical sensor for the differentiation of apple flavors and essences. Volatile head space gases from 20 flavors and four essences were measured with a gas chromatograph and the prototype chemical sensor A principal component analysis (PCA) reduced the chemical sensor data into two principal factors that accounted for 96% of the variance in the sensor measurements. A hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the PCA data put two flavors and essences into one cluster and the remaining 22 into another The HCA analysis also provided a breakdown of the clusters into subgroups by similarity. The subgroups were used to determine matches with eight unknowns, six flavors, and two essences. The prototype chemical sensor correctly identified all six unknown flavors. Three were absolute matches, and three matched more than one unknown (one of which was the correct flavor). Visual comparisons of gas chromatograms of known and unknown samples led to absolute matches of five of the six unknown flavor samples. Neither measuring method identified the two unknown essences. These results suggest that it is feasible to use the chemical sensor prototype to differentiate between apple flavors or essences. One potential use of chemical sensor technology is in quality control and food safety programs of food ingredients and products. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, BARC, PQSL, Beltsville, MD USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, BARC, Stat Grp, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Heinemann, PH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 224 Agr Engn Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hzh@psu.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 2003 EP 2006 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 982IN UT WOS:000233151400038 ER PT J AU Mizrach, A Hetzroni, A Mazor, M Mankin, RW Ignat, T AF Mizrach, A Hetzroni, A Mazor, M Mankin, RW Ignat, T TI Acoustic trap for female Mediterranean fruit flies SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE acoustic communication; behavior; Ceratitis capitata; digital signal processing; entomology; insect pest detection; Mediterranean fruit fly ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; FLY; TEPHRITIDAE; ATTRACTION AB Medflies (Ceratitis capitata) are among the world's most economically harmful pests. In addition, the costs of worldwide monitoring and control are expensive, exceeding $800 million per year in Israel and the U.S. alone. Efficient traps are vitally important tools for medfly quarantine and pest management activities. They are needed for control as well as early detection, for predicting dispersal patterns, and to estimate medfly abundance within infested regions. Efficient tools to attract and catch the primary target, namely reproductively viable females, are a particularly, important need. The present research aimed to evaluate the attractiveness of male calling song and synthetic sounds to mate-seeking female medflies, as a contribution to the design and testing of a trap (patent pending) based on acoustic lures. In order to evaluate the adequacy of the experimental setup, the courtship behavior of female medflies in the presence and absence of calling male flies was observed. Male medfly calling song and synthetic tones were played at various intensities to laboratory-reared and wild female medflies during the morning and earl); afternoon periods of peak sexual activity. For most treatments, it was found that the laboratory and wild female flies were attracted to sites near broadcasting speakers more than to sites without sound. The strongest effect was with traps broadcasting 150 Hz signals at 67 dB sound pressure level, which attracted 28% more females than non-sound-baited traps. This study indicates that there is a possibility of using sound to enhance the attractiveness of traps to inate-seekingfentale medflies. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Mizrach, A (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM amos@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 2017 EP 2022 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 982IN UT WOS:000233151400040 ER PT J AU Hutcheson, HJ Gorham, CH Machain-Williams, C Lorono-Pino, MA James, AM Marlenee, NL Winn, B Beaty, BJ Blair, CD AF Hutcheson, HJ Gorham, CH Machain-Williams, C Lorono-Pino, MA James, AM Marlenee, NL Winn, B Beaty, BJ Blair, CD TI Experimental transmission of West Nile virus (Flaviviridae : Flavivirus) by Carios capensis ticks from North America SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Argasidae; soft tick; Carios capensis; Anas domesticus; flavivirus; viremia; duck; WNVNY-99; Flaviviridae; Ornithodoros AB Seabird soft ticks, Carios capensis (Ixodida: Argasidae), originally collected from coastal Georgia, USA, were allowed to ingest a blood meal from pekin ducklings (Anas domesticus) infected with WNV. After 35 days of extrinsic incubation, the ticks transmitted virus to naive ducklings. WNV was detected via plaque assay and RTPCR in ticks and in tissues and serum of ducklings 7 days post infestation. C1 Colorado State Univ, AIDL, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, AIDL, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Nongame Wildlife & Nat Heritage Sect, Brunswick, GA USA. RP Hutcheson, HJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, AIDL, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Foothills Campus 1692, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM joel.hutcheson@colostate.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [T01/CCT822307] NR 11 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 293 EP 295 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.293 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 970ED UT WOS:000232287100012 PM 16187900 ER PT J AU Witter, RL AF Witter, RL TI Marek's disease: The continuing struggle between pathogen and host SO VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID VIRUS C1 ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM witterR@msu.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BAILLIERE TINDALL PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1090-0233 J9 VET J JI Vet. J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 149 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.10.005 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 967QD UT WOS:000232105400002 PM 16129335 ER PT J AU Stegelmeier, BL James, LF Gardner, DR Panter, KE Lee, ST Ralphs, MH Pfister, JA Spraker, TR AF Stegelmeier, BL James, LF Gardner, DR Panter, KE Lee, ST Ralphs, MH Pfister, JA Spraker, TR TI Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea)-induced lesions in mule deer (Odocoileius hemionus) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Astragalus; deer; locoweed; Odocoileius hemionus; oxytropis ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; OXYTROPIS-SERICEA; SWAINSONINE; SHEEP; CASTANOSPERMINE; ALKALOIDS; TISSUE; SPP.; RATS AB Locoweed poisoning has been reported in wildlife, but it is unknown whether mule deer (Odocoileius hemionus) are susceptible. In areas that are heavily infested with locoweed, deer and elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) have developed a spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease (CWD). Although these are distinct diseases, no good comparisons are available. The purpose of this study was to induce and describe chronic locoweed poisoning in deer and compare it with the lesions of CWD. Two groups of four mule deer were fed either a complete pelleted ration or a similar ration containing 15% locoweed (Oxytropis sericea). Poisoned deer lost weight and developed a scruffy, dull coat. They developed reluctance to move, and movement produced subtle intention tremors. Poisoned deer had extensive vacuolation of visceral tissues, which was most severe in the exocrine pancreas. Thyroid follicular epithelium, renal tubular epithelium, and macrophages in many tissues were mildly vacuolated. The exposed deer also had mild neuronal swelling and cytoplasmic vacuolation that was most obvious in Purkinje cells. Axonal swelling and dystrophy was found in many white tracts, but it was most severe in the cerebellar peduncles and the gracilis and cuneate fasciculi. These findings indicate that deer are susceptible to locoweed poisoning, but the lesions differ in severity and distribution from those of other species. The histologic changes of locoweed poisoning are distinct from those of CWD in deer; however, the clinical presentation of locoweed poisoning in deer is similar. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies are required for a definitive diagnosis. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stegelmeier, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM bsteg@cc.usu.edu NR 32 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 42 IS 5 BP 566 EP 578 DI 10.1354/vp.42-5-566 PG 13 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 962DO UT WOS:000231711400004 PM 16145203 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK AF Cheung, AK TI Mutational analysis of the direct tandem repeat sequences at the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus type 1 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE porcine circovirus; origin of DNA replication; direct tandem repeats ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; NONESSENTIAL TRANSCRIPTION UNITS; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; WHEAT DWARF VIRUS; GEMINIVIRUS REPLICATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PLANT CIRCOVIRUSES; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; FEATHER DISEASE; VIRAL PROTEIN AB Mutational analysis was conducted to investigate the role of the nucleotide sequences flanking the stern-loop palindromic structure at the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV 1) with respect to self-DNA replication and progeny virus generation. The results demonstrated that the A-rich sequence to the left of the palindrome is non-essential for virus replication. Although a set of four hexanucleotide (H) sequences to the right of the palindrome (organized in two tandem repeats: the proximal H1/H2 and the distal H3/H4) are binding sites for the viral Rep-associated proteins in vitro, only a proximal tandem (H/H or h-like/H) is essential for PCV I DNA replication. In the presence of H1/H2, mutations engineered into H3/H4 were preserved in the progeny viruses. Mutations engineered into H1/H2 were invariably deleted so that the downstream H3/H4 was placed next to the palindrome. Viral genome with mutations engineered into both H1/H2 and H3/H4 underwent extensive nucleotide reorganization to yield progeny viruses containing either H3/H4, h-like/H4, or h-like/H3/H4 sequences. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM acheung@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 339 IS 2 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2005.05.029 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 960ZO UT WOS:000231631900005 PM 15993915 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, IE Martin, RR TI New features in the genus Ilarvirus revealed by the nucleotide sequence of Fragaria chiloensis latent virus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fragaria chiloensis latent virus; Ilarvirus; Prune dwarf virus; Alfalfa mosaic virus ID STRAWBERRY PALLIDOSIS DISEASE; ALFALFA MOSAIC-VIRUS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; COAT PROTEIN; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; SUPPRESSORS; TRANSLATION; CRINIVIRUS; ALIGNMENT AB Fragaria chiloensis latent virus (FClLV), a member of the genus flarvirus was first identified in the early 1990s. Double-stranded RNA was extracted from FCILV infected plants and cloned. The complete nucleotide sequence of the virus has been elucidated. RNA 1 encodes a protein with methyltransferase and helicase enzymatic motifs while RNA 2 encodes the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase and an ORF, that shares no homology with other Ilarvirus genes. RNA 3 codes for movement and coat proteins and an additional ORF, making FCILV possibly the first Ilarvirus encoding a third protein in RNA 3. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that FClLV is most closely related to Prune divarf virus, the type member of subgroup 4 of the Ilarvirus genus. FClLV is also closely related to Alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV), a virus that shares many properties with ilarviruses. We propose the reclassification of AlMV as a member of the flarvirus genus instead of being a member of a distinct genus. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Ctr Gene Res & Biotechnol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Ctr Gene Res & Biotechnol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM martinrr@science.oregonstate.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 112 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.02.010 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 952LF UT WOS:000231004300004 PM 15878214 ER PT J AU Karim, K Hoffmann, R Klasson, KT Al-Dahhan, MH AF Karim, K Hoffmann, R Klasson, KT Al-Dahhan, MH TI Anaerobic digestion of animal waste: Effect of mode of mixing SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE anaerobic; biogas; digestion; manure; mixing ID MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; METHANE PRODUCTION; PERFORMANCE; SCALE AB Laboratory-scale digesters were operated to study the effect of mixing (via biogas recirculation, impeller mixing, and slurry recirculation) on biogas production. Three sets of experiments were performed using cow manure slurry feed with either 50, 100, or 150g/L total solids (TS) concentrations (referred in the text as 5%, 10%, and 15% manure slurry). The experiments were conducted at a controlled temperature of 35 degrees C and a hydraulic retention time of 16.2 days, resulting in TS loadings of 3.1, 6.2, and 9.3 g/L d for 5%, 10%, and 15% manure slurry feeds, respectively. Results showed that the unmixed and mixed digesters performed quite similarly when fed with 5% manure slurry and produced biogas at a rate of 0.84-0.94 L/L d. The methane yield was found to be 0.26-0.28 L CH4/g volatile solids loaded. However, the effect of mixing and the mode of mixing became important when the digesters were fed thick manure slurry feeds (10% and 15%). Digesters fed with 10% and 15% manure slurry and equipped with external mixing produced about 10-30% more biogas than the unmixed digester. While the mixed digesters produced more biogas than unmixed digesters, digester mixing during start-up was not beneficial, as it resulted in lower pH, performance instability and prolonged start-up time. Mixing using biogas recirculation system was found not to be effective in the case of 15% manure slurry feed under the experimental conditions studied. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, CREL, Dept Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Karim, K (reprint author), Washington Univ, CREL, Dept Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM khursheedkarim@yahoo.com OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 31 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 15 BP 3597 EP 3606 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.06.019 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 971XH UT WOS:000232417800017 PM 16112708 ER PT J AU Thurston-Enriqueza, JA Haas, CN Jacangelo, J Gerba, CP AF Thurston-Enriqueza, JA Haas, CN Jacangelo, J Gerba, CP TI Inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline calicivirus by ozone SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; calicivirus; ozone; disinfection; virus; viral inactivation ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; NORWALK VIRUS; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; PHOSPHATE BUFFER; DRINKING-WATER; DISINFECTION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; ENTEROVIRUSES; POLIOVIRUS-1; CHLORINE AB Little information is available regarding the effectiveness of ozone on the inactivation of caliciviruses and enteric adenoviruses. Inactivation experiments were conducted with feline calicivirus (FCV), closely related to the human caliciviruses based on nucleic acid organization and capsid architecture, and adenovirus type 40 (AD40). Experiments were carried out in buffered disinfectant demand free water at pH 7 and 5 degrees C. Ct values; concentration of ozone multiplied by contact time with virus; were determined from application of the efficiency factor hom (EFH) model. Ct values for 4-log (99.99%) ozone inactivation at 5 degrees C and pH 7 ranged from 0.07 to 0.60mg/1 min for AD40 and < 0.01 to 0.03mg/1min for FCV. Ct values listed in the US environmental protection agency "Guidance Manual for Compliance with Filtration and Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems Using Surface Water Sources" were higher than Ct values generated by this study. Very low ozone residuals (< 0.01(mg/l) substantially inactivated FCV and AD40 under the studied conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Montgomery Watson Harza, Lovettsville, VA 20180 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Thurston-Enriqueza, JA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, E Campus,120 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jthurston2@unl.edu RI Haas, Charles/G-8830-2011 OI Haas, Charles/0000-0002-9255-9930 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 15 BP 3650 EP 3656 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.06.006 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 971XH UT WOS:000232417800023 PM 16061270 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Shaner, DL Henry, WB Nadler-Hassar, T Thomas, WE Wilcut, JW AF Koger, CH Shaner, DL Henry, WB Nadler-Hassar, T Thomas, WE Wilcut, JW TI Assessment of two nondestructive assays for detecting glyphosate resistance in horseweed (Conyza canadensis) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE absorbance; bioassay; glyphosate resistance; herbicide resistance; leaf dip; leaf disc; shikimate ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WEED-CONTROL; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; SHIKIMIC ACID; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSLOCATION; MORNINGGLORY; ACCUMULATION AB Two rapid, nondestructive assays were developed and tested for their potential in differentiating glyphosate-resistant from glyphosate-susceptible biotypes of horseweed. In one assay, leaves of glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible corn, cotton, and soybean plants as well as glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible horseweed plants were dipped in solutions of 0, 300, 600, and 1200 mg ae L-1 glyphosate for 3 d and subsequent injury was evaluated. In the second assay, plant sensitivity to glyphosate was evaluated in vivo by incubating excised leaf disc tissue from the same plants used in the first assay in 0.7, 1.3, 2.6, 5.3, 10.6, 21.1, 42.3, and 84.5 mg ae L-1 glyphosate solutions for 16 h and measuring shikimate levels with a spectrophotometer. The leaf-dip assay differentiated between glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible crops and horseweed biotypes. The 600 mg L-1 rate of glyphosate was more consistent in differentiating resistant and susceptible plants compared with the 300 and 1,200 mg L-1 rates. The in vivo assay detected significant differences between susceptible and glyphosate-resistant plants of all species. Shikimate accumulated in a glyphosate dose-dependent manner in leaf discs from susceptible crops, but shikimate did not accumulate in leaf discs from resistant crops and levels were similar to nontreated leaf discs. Shikimate accumulated at high (>= 21.1 mg ae L-1) concentrations of glyphosate in leaf discs from all horseweed biotypes. Shikimate accumulated at low glyphosate concentrations (>= 10.6 mg L-1) in leaf discs from Susceptible horseweed biotypes but not in resistant biotypes. Both assays were able to differentiate resistant from susceptible biotypes of horseweed and might have utility for screening other weed populations for resistance to glyphosate. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Watershed Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. Colorado State Univ, Weed Sci Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80527 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ckoger@ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1614/WS-05-010R.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 973SY UT WOS:000232544100001 ER PT J AU Rinella, MJ Sheley, RL AF Rinella, MJ Sheley, RL TI A model for predicting invasive weed and grass dynamics. I. Model development SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition model; population dynamics; demography ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; (EUPHORBIA ESULA)-INFESTED RANGELAND; LEAFY SPURGE; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; NORTH-DAKOTA; COMPETITION; AVAILABILITY; INTERFERENCE; HERBICIDES; SHEEP AB Invasive weed managers are presented with a complicated and ever-enlarging set of management alternatives. Identifying the optimal weed management strategy for a given set of conditions requires predicting how candidate strategies will affect plant community composition. Although field experiments have advanced our ability to predict postmanagement composition, extrapolation problems limit the prediction accuracy achieved by interpreting treatment means as predictions. Examples of extrapolation problems include nonlinear relationships between competing plants, site-to-site variation in plant population growth rates, and the carrying capacities of desired species and weeds. Our objective was to develop a model that improves predictions of weed management outcomes by overcoming a subset of these problems. To develop the model, we used data from two field experiments in which four Kentucky bluegrass, six western wheatgrass, and six invasive plant (i.e., leafy spurge) densities were combined in field plots. Graphs of our model's predictions vs. observed field experiment data indicate that the model predicted the data accurately. Our model may improve predictions of plant community response to invasive weed management actions. C1 USDA, ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. USDA, ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Rinella, MJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 243 Dt Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mrinella@larrl.ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 586 EP 593 DI 10.1614/WS-04-190R2.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 973SY UT WOS:000232544100004 ER PT J AU Rinella, MJ Sheley, RL AF Rinella, MJ Sheley, RL TI A model for predicting invasive weed and grass dynamics. II. Accuracy evaluation SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition model; meta-analysis; population dynamics; validation ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; LEAFY SPURGE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMPETITION; AVAILABILITY; PLANTS; 2,4-D; YIELD AB The impact of invasive weed management on plant community composition is highly dependent on location-specific factors. Therefore, treatment means from experiments conducted at a given set of locations will not reliably predict community response to weed management elsewhere. We developed a model that rescales treatment means to better match local conditions. The goal of this paper was to determine if this rescaling improves predictions. We used our model to predict leafy spurge stem length density and grass biomass data from field experiments. The experiments consisted of herbicide-treated plots, untreated controls, and, in some cases, grass seeding treatments. When herbicides suppressed leafy spurge, the model explained 21 to 48% more variation in grass response than did mean grass response to the same or similar herbicide treatments applied at other sites. When herbicides killed grass, the model explained 53% more variation in leafy spurge response than did mean leafy spurge response to the same herbicide treatment applied at other sites. We regressed model predictions against observed data and tested the null hypothesis that resulting slope terms were equal to 1.0. Because the null hypothesis was rejected in two of four tests, the model may systematically over- or underpredict in some situations. However, measurement error in the observed data, unintended herbicide injury, or an inaccurate allometric relationship may account for a major proportion of the systematic deviations, and these factors would not cause prediction error in some management applications. Because the model tends to be better than the means from experiments at predicting plant community composition, we conclude that the model could advance managers' ability to predict plant community responses to invasive weed management. C1 USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Rinella, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mrinella@larrl.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 605 EP 614 DI 10.1614/WS-04-191R1.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 973SY UT WOS:000232544100007 ER PT J AU Estorninos, LE Gealy, DR Talbert, RE Gbur, EE AF Estorninos, LE Gealy, DR Talbert, RE Gbur, EE TI Rice and red rice interference. I. Response of red rice (Oryza sativa) to sowing rates of tropical japonica and indica rice cultivars SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomass; competition; interference; grain yield; tiller density ID HERBICIDE-RESISTANT RICE; WATER-SOLUBLE EXTRACTS; WEED SUPPRESSION; UPLAND RICE; WILD OAT; COMPETITION; BARNYARDGRASS; GROWTH; CROP; MANAGEMENT AB Field experiments were conducted at the Rice Research and Extension Center at Stuttgart, AR, in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate the growth response of Stuttgart strawhull (Stgstraw) red rice to sowing densities of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha(-1) of 'Kaybonnet,' 'Guichao,' and 'PI 312777' rice cultivars. PI 312777 produced a greater leaf area index and tiller density than Kaybonnet when grown with red rice. In 1997, Stgstraw seed yields were lower when grown with PI 312777 and Guichao than with Kaybonnet. The increased weed population in 1998 did not increase seed yield production of red rice when grown with the three rice cultivars. The Stgstraw red rice seed yield was reduced when grown with 50 kg ha(-1) rice when compared with its yield in monoculture and was reduced further when grown with 100 and 150 kg ha(-1) rice. These results demonstrate that red rice was more competitive when compared with the tropical japonica Kaybonnet than the indica PI 312777. Despite its semidwarf stature, PI 312777 tended to suppress red rice more than did Guichao or Kaybonnet. The mechanisms responsible for this difference could be important keys to the effective use of weed-suppressive cultivars in reduced herbicide input systems. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Agr Sci Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Estorninos, LE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM lestorn@uark.edu NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 676 EP 682 DI 10.1614/WS-03-141R2.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 973SY UT WOS:000232544100016 ER PT J AU Estorninos, LE Gealy, DR Gbur, EE Talbert, RE McClelland, MR AF Estorninos, LE Gealy, DR Gbur, EE Talbert, RE McClelland, MR TI Rice and red rice interference. II. Rice response to population densities of three red rice (Oryza sativa) ecotypes SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition; leaf area index; population density; rice growth; tiller density ID SUPPRESSION; COMPETITION; GROWTH AB Red rice, which grows taller and produces more tillers than domestic rice and shatters most of its seeds early, is a major weed in many rice-growing areas of the world. Field experiments were conducted at Stuttgart, AR in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate the growth response of the Kaybonnet (KBNT) rice cultivar to various population densities of three red rice ecotypes. The ecorypes tested were Louisiana3 (LA3), Stuttgart strawhull (Stgstraw), and Katy red rice (KatyRR). Compared with KBNT alone, LA3, the tallest of the three red rice ecotypes, reduced tiller density of KBNT 51%, aboveground biomass at 91 d after emergence (DAE) 35%, and yield 80%. Stgstraw, a medium-height red rice, reduced KBNT tiller density 49%, aboveground biomass 26%, and yield 61%. KatyRR, the shortest red rice, reduced KBNT tiller density 30%, aboveground biomass 16%, and yield 21%. Tiller density of rice was reduced by 20 to 48% when red rice density increased from 25 to 51 plants m(-2). Rice biomass at 91 DAE was reduced by 9 and 44% when red rice densities were 16 and 51 plants m(-2). Rice yield was reduced by 60 and 70% at red rice densities of 25 and 51 plants m(-2), respectively. These results demonstrate that low Populations of red rice can greatly reduce rice growth and yield and that short-statured red rice types may affect rice growth less than taller ecotypes. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Agr Sci Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Estorninos, LE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lestorn@uark.edu NR 27 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.1614/WS-04-040R1.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 973SY UT WOS:000232544100017 ER PT J AU Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM Bauer, PJ Steinriede, RW Gaston, LA AF Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM Bauer, PJ Steinriede, RW Gaston, LA TI Conservation cotton production in the southern United States: herbicide dissipation in soil and cover crops SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cover crop; crop residue; herbicide degradation; reduced tillage; soil depth ID DESORPTION-KINETICS; SIMULATED RAINFALL; FOLIAR WASHOFF; RUNOFF LOSSES; WINTER COVER; SURFACE SOIL; TILLAGE; FLUOMETURON; DEGRADATION; SORPTION AB Soil and surface residues from cotton field studies in Stoneville, MS (1994 through 1996) and Florence, SC (1995 through 1996) were sampled to evaluate effects of cover crop and tillage on herbicide dissipation. Mississippi treatments included tillage (conventional [CT]; none [NT]) and cover crop (ryegrass; none [NC]). South Carolina treatments included tillage (CT; reduced tillage [RT]) and cover crop (rye; NC). Fluometuron was applied preemergence (PRE) in both Mississippi and South Carolina, and norflurazon was applied PRE in Mississippi. Soils were sampled various times during the growing season (depths: 0 to 2 cm, 2 to 10 cm). Cover crop residues were sampled from RT or NT cover crop areas. Soil and cover crop sample extracts were analyzed for herbicides. Soil organic carbon tended to increase with tillage reduction and presence of cover crop and was positively correlated with herbicide sorption, especially in the surface. Across locations, herbicide half-lives ranged from 7 to 15 d in the soil surface. Tillage had mixed effects on herbicide persistence in surface soil, with higher herbicide concentrations in CT at early samplings, but differences were insignificant later on. The most consistent effects were observed in RUNT with cover crops, where cover crop residues intercepted applied herbicide, impeding subsequent movement into soil. Herbicide dissipation in cover crop residues was often more rapid than in soil, with half-lives from 3 to 11 d. Herbicide retention in cover crop residues and rapid dissipation were attributed to strong herbicide affinity to cover crop residues (e.g., fluometuron K-d = 7.1 [in rye]; K-d = 1.65 [in Mississippi Dundee soil CT, NC]) and herbicide co-metabolism as cover crop residues decomposed. A fluometuron metabolite, desmethyl-fluometuron, was observed in most soil and cover crop samples after 1 wk. Only minimal herbicide or metabolite moved into the subsurface, and little treatment effect could be ascribed to herbicide or metabolite movement below 2 cm. C1 USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA ARS, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA, ARS, CPSWPRC, Florence, SC 29501 USA. USDA ARS, WQERU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Locke, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, 598 McElroy, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM mlockc@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 717 EP 727 DI 10.1614/WS-04-174R1.1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 973SY UT WOS:000232544100022 ER PT J AU Menzel, JM Menzel, MA Kilgo, JC Ford, WM Edwards, JW AF Menzel, JM Menzel, MA Kilgo, JC Ford, WM Edwards, JW TI Bat response to Carolina bays and wetland restoration in the southeastern US Coastal Plain SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE bat activity; Carolina bay; mixed pine-hardwood; pine savanna; Savannah River Site; timber harvest; wetland restoration ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; HABITATS; FOREST; STANDS AB Bat activity in the southeastern United States is concentrated over riparian areas and wetland habitats. The restoration and creation of wetlands for mitigation purposes is becoming common in the Southeast. Understanding the effects of these restoration efforts on wetland flora and fauna is thus becoming increasingly important. Because bats (Order: Chiroptera) consist of many species that are of conservation concern and are commonly associated with wetland and riparian habitats in the Southeast (making them a good general indicator for the condition of wetland habitats), we monitored bat activity over restored and reference Carolina bays surrounded by pine savanna (Pinus spp.) or mixed pine-hardwood habitat types at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. In order to determine how wetland restoration efforts affected the bat community, we monitored bat activity above drained Carolina bays pre- and post-restoration. Our results indicate that bat activity was greater over reference (i.e., undrained) than drained bays prior to the restorative efforts. One year following combined hydrologic and vegetation treatment, however, bat activity was generally greater over restored than reference bays. Bat activity was also greater over both reference and restored bays than in random, forested interior locations. We found significantly more bat activity after restoration than prior to restoration for all but one species in the treatment bays, suggesting that Carolina bay restoration can have almost immediate positive impacts on bat activity. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Alston & Bird LLP, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Aiken, SC 29809 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Menzel, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM jmenzel@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 542 EP 550 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0542:BRTCBA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967ZM UT WOS:000232130300004 ER PT J AU Harper, EK Paul, WJ Mech, LD AF Harper, EK Paul, WJ Mech, LD TI Causes of wolf depredation increase in Minnesota from 1979-1998 SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; cattle; control; depredations; endangered species; livestock; populations; sheep; wolf ID LIVESTOCK AB Wolf (Canis lupus) depredations on livestock in Minnesota have been increasing over the last 20 years. A major explanation cited for this increase is wolf range expansion, but no studies have tested this explanation. Additional reasons could include 1) wolf colonization of new areas within long-existing wolf range, 2) learning by wolves in established range, and 3) increased wolf density. We did not assess increasing wolf density as a factor because estimated wolf density in Minnesota has not increased. To assess how each of the other factors might have affected depredations, we created and analyzed a database of Minnesota's 923 verified depredations at 435 farms. We graphed the numbers of verified depredations and the number of farms with verified depredations to assess temporal trends and used ArcView GIS software to assess spatial relationships of the depredations. All 3 factors tested (colonization, range expansion, and learning) seemed to have contributed to wolf depredation increase. However, the proportion of depredations occurring due to wolf range expansion increased from 20% in 1989 to 48% in 1998. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, APHIS Wildlife Serv, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Harper, EK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM david_mech@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 888 EP 896 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[888:COWDIM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800012 ER PT J AU DeCesare, NJ Squires, JR Kolbe, JA AF DeCesare, NJ Squires, JR Kolbe, JA TI Effect of forest canopy on GPS-based movement data SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE animal movement; forest canopy closure; Global Positioning System; GPS error; GPS-tracking; snow-tracking; tortuosity ID AREA-RESTRICTED SEARCH; CORRELATED RANDOM-WALK; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; HABITAT SELECTION; COLLAR PERFORMANCE; FRACTAL ANALYSIS; INSECT MOVEMENT; BOREAL FOREST; NATIONAL-PARK; PATTERNS AB The advancing role of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology in ecology has made studies of animal movement possible for larger and more vagile species. A simple field test revealed that lengths of GPS-basecl movement data were strongly biased (P < 0.001) by effects of forest canopy. Global Positioning System error added an average of 27.5% additional length to tracks recorded under high canopy, while adding only 8.5% to open-canopy tracks, thus biasing comparisons of track length or tortuosity among habitat types. Other studies may incur different levels of bias depending on GPS sampling rates. Ninety-nine percent of track errors under high canopy were < 7.98 m of the true path; this value can be used to set the scale-threshold at which movements are attributed to error and not biologically interpreted. This bias should be considered before interpreting GPS-based animal movement data. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP DeCesare, NJ (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 S Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM nick_decesare@hotmail.com NR 36 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 935 EP 941 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[935:EOFCOG]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800017 ER PT J AU Oesterle, P McLean, R Dunbar, M Clark, L AF Oesterle, P McLean, R Dunbar, M Clark, L TI Husbandry of wild-caught greater sage-grouse SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Artemisia; Centrocercus urophasianus; husbandry; sage-grouse; West Nile virus AB This study reports the first successful husbandry and breeding in captivity of wild-caught greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). In October 2003, 21 hatch-year greater sage-grouse were trapped in northwestern Nevada and transported to Fort Collins, Colorado. We held grouse in pens at the United States Department of Agriculture's National Wildlife Research Center for 8 months. We offered a varied diet, including native food items such as sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata and A. tripartita) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium). We housed grouse in a large flight pen and allowed to them free-range as one flock. Mortality rate was 16.7%. Several of the grouse exhibited breeding behavior, and 13 eggs were laid. We describe the techniques used to house and feed wild-caught sage-grouse. This study has conservation implications for captive breeding of this species of concern. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Oesterle, P (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM larry.clark@aphis.usda.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1055 EP 1061 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1055:HOWGS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800030 ER PT J AU Lehman, CP Flake, LD Rumble, MA Shields, RD Thompson, DJ AF Lehman, CP Flake, LD Rumble, MA Shields, RD Thompson, DJ TI Pre-incubation movements of female wild turkeys relative to nest initiation in South Dakota SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE laying period; localization; Meleagris gallopavo; prelaying period; radiotelemetry; wild turkey ID SUCCESS; CANNON AB Nests of radiotransmittered wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) that are destroyed or abandoned prior to incubation are particularly difficult to locate. As a result researchers often report only incubated nests or estimate numbers of nests attempted by localization of movement or other behavioral changes without quantification. We used radiotelemetry to obtain movement data on female wild turkeys during the nesting season (1 Apr-30 Jun) in South Dakota. We collected prelaying (1 April until 14 days before the female initiated incubation) and laying (< 14 days before incubation) movement distances from 160 adult female wild turkeys [75 eastern (M. g. silvestris), 19 Rio Grande (M. g. intermedia), and 66 Merriam's (M. g. merriami) wild turkeys]. Our objectives were to quantify the relationship between movement behavior and nesting attempts to allow more accurate determination of initiation of nesting for calculation of nest rates, nesting success, and renesting rates. Daily movements of females decreased abruptly when they transitioned from prelaying to laying behaviors. Movements of females that were less than 364.9 m for eastern turkeys, 115.0 m for Rio Grande turkeys, and 33 1.0 m for Merriam's turkeys were indicative of nest initiation. Changes in movements of females can identify nesting wild turkeys and can be used post hoc to identify nests that were abandoned or destroyed prior to incubation if sufficient locations are collected. Following our analysis, we estimated that females had an additional 46 nests (eastern = 15, Rio Grande = 7, and Merriam's=24), which we used in estimating reproduction parameters. Quantitative comparisons of movements between prelaying and laying confirmed a behavioral change of localized movements concurrent with nest initiation in wild turkey females. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Lehman, CP (reprint author), Natl Wild Turkey Federat, 24963 Sylvan Lake Rd, Custer, SD 57730 USA. EM turkeys@gwtc.net NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1062 EP 1070 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1062:PMOFWT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800031 ER PT J AU Schulz, JH Millspaugh, JJ Washburn, BE Bermudez, AJ Tomlinson, JL Mong, TW He, ZQ AF Schulz, JH Millspaugh, JJ Washburn, BE Bermudez, AJ Tomlinson, JL Mong, TW He, ZQ TI Physiological effects of radiotransmitters on mourning doves SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE fecal corticosterone; heterophil : lymphocyte ratio; Missouri; mourning dove; radiotelemetry; subcutaneous implant; transmitter attachment; Zenaida macroura ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; ATTACHMENT TECHNIQUES; STRESS; FEMALE; CORTICOSTERONE; TERNS AB it is critical to understand how radiotransmitters and their attachment techniques impact marked individuals. Many studies of transmitter effects assess only overt, deleterious effects. However, physiological effects caused by attachment techniques might compromise the integrity of resulting information. Our objectives, therefore, were to assess the efficacy of subcutaneous implants and determine the physiological effects on mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) using heterophil: lymphocyte (H:L) ratios, and fecal glucocorticoid measures. We conducted 2 trials with 60 mourning doves; 1 in summer-autumn (trial #1) and 1 in autumn-winter (trial #2). For each trial we assigned 15 male and 15 female doves to either a subcutaneous implant treatment or a control group. During the 2 trials, we observed no differences in body masses, H:L ratios or fecal corticosterone levels between mourning doves with subcutaneous implants and the control group. Given the ultimate use of the information obtained from telemetry projects and cost of the resulting initiatives, expenditures associated with rigorous experimental evaluations can only improve the basis of reliable knowledge used in making resource management decisions. C1 Resource Sci Ctr, Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Vet Med Teaching Hosp, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Schulz, JH (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM John.H.Schulz@mdc.mo.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1092 EP 1100 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1092:PEOROM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800034 ER PT J AU Sidle, JG AF Sidle, JG TI In my opinion: Grousing and grazing on national grasslands SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRAIRIE GROUSE; MANAGEMENT; FUTURE C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Great Plains Natl Grasslands, Chadron, NE 69337 USA. RP Sidle, JG (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Great Plains Natl Grasslands, 125 N Main St, Chadron, NE 69337 USA. EM jsidle@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1139 EP 1144 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1139:IMOGAG]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800039 ER PT J AU Stoskopf, MK Beck, K Fazio, BB Fuller, TK Gese, EM Kelly, BT Knowlton, FF Murray, DL Waddell, W Waits, L AF Stoskopf, MK Beck, K Fazio, BB Fuller, TK Gese, EM Kelly, BT Knowlton, FF Murray, DL Waddell, W Waits, L TI From the field: Implementing recovery of the red wolf - integrating research scientists and managers SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE adaptive management; Canis rufus; endangered species; implementation; recovery; red wolf ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; CANIS-LATRANS; WOLVES; PLANS; RUFUS AB The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) developed guidelines for the composition and role of endangered species recovery implementation teams, but few teams have been established and their success has not been evaluated. Using the recovery program of the red wolf (Canis rufus) as a model, we describe the genesis, function, and success of the Red Wolf Recovery Implementation Team (RWRIT) in helping guide the establishment of a viable red wolf population in eastern North Carolina. In operation since 1999, the RWRIT meets bi-annually to review USFWS progress and provide recommendations aimed at maximizing success of species recovery. The team is comprised of 8 research scientists from disciplines including population genetics, canid ecology, population ecology, veterinary medicine, and captive management. Representation from each of these disciplines is deemed necessary for proper evaluation of recovery progress and assessment of future needs. Meeting attendance by the USFWS field management team ensures both proper reporting of past progress and future implementation of management recommendations. Over time, RWRIT members have assumed specific assignments for data analyses, further contributing to the recovery effort. Through the combined efforts of the USFWS field team and the RWRIT, the threat of introgression of coyote (Canis latrans) genes into the red wolf population has been substantially curtailed within the recovery area, and red wolf numbers and range have increased. The RWRIT serves as an example of a recovery implementation team that is successfully incorporating the principles of adaptive management and whose template could be adapted to other endangered species. C1 Alligator River Natl Wildlife Refuge, Red Wolf Recovery Program, Manteo, NC 27954 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Tacoma, WA 98407 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Stoskopf, MK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 4000 Airport Pkwy, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. EM Michael_Stoskopf@ncsu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1145 EP 1152 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1145:FTFIRO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 997QN UT WOS:000234261800040 ER PT J AU Cheng, H Muir, WM AF Cheng, H Muir, WM TI The effects of genetic selection for survivability and productivity on chicken physiological homeostasis SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE group selection; chicken; social interactions; physiology; immunology ID MULTIPLE-HEN CAGES; WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; MALE VERVET MONKEYS; SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; ADRENAL-FUNCTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BODY-WEIGHT AB Genetic selection is an important breeding tool that can be used for improving the animal's coping capability to modern production environments or for increasing economic benefits. However, over the past five decades, commercial breeding programmes have primarily concentrated on traits directly related to productivity. As a result those breeding programmes ignore traits that may impact animal welfare. To address this issue, a selection programme termed "group selection" was developed. This method takes into account competitive interactions by emphasizing performance of the group, rather than the individual. Results from the current studies have showed that chickens' productivity and well-being can be improved at the same time. We further demonstrated an association between the selected line's survivability and productivity and its respective physiological characteristics. These findings indicate that group selection altered the chickens' physiological homeostasis which is reflected in the line's unique coping ability with intensified domestic environments. These changes in physiological homeostasis provide an opportunity to gain new insights for the development of interventions aimed at ameliorating the adverse impacts of the intensified poultry industry. C1 USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, H (reprint author), USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 87 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 383 EP 397 DI 10.1079/WPS200464 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 988KQ UT WOS:000233600500003 ER PT J AU Wollenweber, E Dorsam, M Dorr, M Roitman, JN Valant-Vetschera, KM AF Wollenweber, E Dorsam, M Dorr, M Roitman, JN Valant-Vetschera, KM TI Chemodiversity of surface flavonoids in Solanaceae SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Solanaceae; exudates; flavonoids ID SOLANUM SECTION ANDROCERAS; EXUDATE FLAVONOIDS; METHYL ETHERS; GLYCOSIDES; PATTERNS; PETUNIA; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; PUBESCENS; AGLYCONES AB Several species of Nicotiana and Solanum and further members of the Solanaceae have been examined for their exudate flavonoids. Most of the aglycones are widespread flavonols, but rare and unusual flavonols were also found, e.g. in exudates of Physalis and Solanum species. Flavones occur throughout the family, but flavanones are rare. Our data are presented in comparison to previous results. The chemodiversity of the observed structures is discussed in relation to literature reports. Morphological and systematic aspects are briefly addressed. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Bot, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Bot, Dept Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. RP Wollenweber, E (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Bot, Schnittspahnstr 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM wollenweber@bio.tu-darmstadt.de RI Valant-Vetschera, Karin/B-2930-2013 OI Valant-Vetschera, Karin/0000-0003-0951-0050 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 60 IS 9-10 BP 661 EP 670 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 984AX UT WOS:000233276000002 PM 16320607 ER PT J AU Wollenweber, E Christ, M Dunstan, RH Roitman, JN Stevens, JF AF Wollenweber, E Christ, M Dunstan, RH Roitman, JN Stevens, JF TI Exudate flavonoids in some Gnaphalieae and Inuleae (Asteraceae) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Gnaphalieae; Inuleae; flavonoids ID SELECTIVE O-ALKYLATION; MISCELLANEOUS ASTERACEAE; REVISED STRUCTURES; DEALKYLATION; AGLYCONES AB Three members of the tribe Gnaphalieae and six members of the tribe Inuleae (Asteraceae) were analyzed for their exudate flavonoids. Whereas some species exhibit rather trivial flavonoids, others produce rare compounds. Spectral data of rare flavonoids are reported and their structural identification is discussed. 6-Oxygenation of flavonols is a common feature of two Inula species and Pulicaria sicula. By contrast, flavonoids with 8-oxygenation, but lacking 6-oxygenation, are common in two out of three Gnaphalieae species examined. In addition, B-ring deoxyflavonoids are abundantly present in the leaf exudates of Helichrysum italicum (Gnaphalieae). These distinctive features of the two Asteraceae tribes are in agreement with previous flavonoid surveys of these and related taxa. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Bot, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Newcastle, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wollenweber, E (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Bot, Schnittspahnstr 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM wollenweber@bio.tu-darmstadt.de OI Stevens, Jan Frederik/0000-0002-6348-9347 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES00210] NR 24 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 60 IS 9-10 BP 671 EP 678 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 984AX UT WOS:000233276000003 PM 16323316 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Liu, WZ AF Zhang, XC Liu, WZ TI Simulating potential response of hydrology, soil erosion, and crop productivity to climate change in Changwu tableland region on the Loess Plateau of China SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; soil erosion; soil water balance; surface hydrology ID MODEL; VARIABILITY; IMPACT; WHEAT; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; SCENARIOS; FORECASTS; YIELD AB Knowledge of the impacts of climate change on agro-ecosystems is needed for developing optimal conservation and production practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impacts of projected climate changes during 20702099 under three emissions scenarios (A2a, and B2a, and GGa1) on hydrology, soil loss, and crop production in Changwu tableland region on southern Loess Plateau of China. Monthly projections for the periods of 1950-1999 and 2070-2099 were used from the Hadley Centre's general circulation model (HadCM3). A stochastic weather generator (CLIGEN) was used to downscale monthly HadCM3 projections to daily values at three spatial scales. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was run for a wheat-wheat-maize rotation under conventional and conservation tillage at the 8.7% and 17.6% slopes. HadCM3 predicted a 23-37% increase in annual precipitation, 2.3-4.3 degrees C rise in maximum temperature, and 3.6-5.3 degrees C rise in minimum temperature for the region over the century. Compared with the present climate, predicted percent increases under climate changes, as averaged over the three spatial scales for each emissions scenario and slope, ranged from 29 to 79% for runoff, 2 to 81% for soil loss, 15 to 44% for wheat grain yield, 40 to 58% for maize yield, 25 to 28% for crop transpiration, 21 to 34% for soil evaporation, and 4 to 12% for long-term soil water reserve under the conventional tillage. However, adoption of the conservation (delayed) tillage could reduce runoff by 18-38%, and decrease soil loss by 56-68% as compared to the conventional tillage under the present climate. These results suggest that the use of the conservation tillage would be sufficient to maintain low runoff and erosion levels and thus protect agro-ecosystems under projected climate changes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, Oklahoma City, OK 73036 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conversat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. NW Scitech Univ Agr & Forestry, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, Oklahoma City, OK 73036 USA. EM jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 95 Z9 113 U1 9 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 31 PY 2005 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 127 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.005 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 972EP UT WOS:000232437300001 ER PT J AU Richardson, AD Hollinger, DY AF Richardson, AD Hollinger, DY TI Statistical modeling of ecosystem respiration using eddy covariance data: Maximum likelihood parameter estimation, and Monte Carlo simulation of model and parameter uncertainty, applied to three simple models SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE AmeriFlux; carbon flux; eddy covariance; flux uncertainty; forest; howland; models; maximum likelihood; measurement error; respiration ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; CO2 EXCHANGE; MIXED FOREST; FIR FOREST; FLUXES; LONG; ATMOSPHERE; VARIABILITY AB Whether the goal is to fill gaps in the flux record, or to extract physiological parameters from eddy covariance data, researchers are frequently interested in fitting simple models of ecosystem physiology to measured data. Presently, there is no consensus on the best models to use, or the ideal optimization criteria. We demonstrate that, given our estimates of the distribution of the stochastic uncertainty in nighttime flux measurements at the Howland (Maine, USA) AmeriFlux site, it is incorrect to fit ecosystem respiration models using ordinary least squares (OLS) optimization. Results indicate that the flux uncertainty follows a double-exponential (Laplace) distribution, and the standard deviation of the uncertainty (sigma(delta)) follows a strong seasonal pattern, increasing as an exponential function of temperature. These characteristics both violate OLS assumptions. We propose that to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of model parameters, fitting should be based on minimizing the weighted sum of the absolute deviations: Sigma vertical bar measured - modeled vertical bar/sigma(delta). We examine in detail the effects of this fitting paradigm on the parameter estimates and model predictions for three simple but commonly used models of ecosystem respiration. The exponential Lloyd & Taylor model consistently provides the best fit to the measured data. Using the absolute deviation criterion reduces the estimated annual sum of respiration by about 10% (70-145 g C m(-2) y(-1)) compared to OLS; this is comparable in magnitude but opposite in sign to the effect of filtering nighttime data using a range of plausible it. thresholds. The weighting scheme also influences the annual sum of respiration: specifying or(6) as a function of air temperature consistently results in the smallest totals. However, annual sums are, in most cases, comparable (within uncertainty estimates) regardless of the model used. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that a 95% confidence interval for the annual sum of respiration is about 2040 g C m(-2) y(-1), but varies somewhat depending on model, optimization criterion, and, most importantly, weighting scheme. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Richardson, AD (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall,39 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM andrew.richardson@unh.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; NR 39 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 31 PY 2005 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 191 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.008 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 972EP UT WOS:000232437300005 ER PT J AU Kong, QZ Huang, SH Zou, WQ Vanegas, D Wang, ML Wu, D Yuan, J Zheng, MJ Bai, H Deng, HY Chen, K Jenny, AL O'Rourke, K Belay, ED Schonberger, LB Petersen, RB Sy, MS Chen, SG Gambetti, P AF Kong, QZ Huang, SH Zou, WQ Vanegas, D Wang, ML Wu, D Yuan, J Zheng, MJ Bai, H Deng, HY Chen, K Jenny, AL O'Rourke, K Belay, ED Schonberger, LB Petersen, RB Sy, MS Chen, SG Gambetti, P TI Chronic wasting disease of elk: Transmissibility to humans examined by transgenic mouse models SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; CWD; transmissibility to humans; transgenic mice; prion; cervids; deer; elk; species barrier ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; MULE DEER; PRION STRAINS; VARIANT CJD; SCRAPIE; PROTEIN AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease affecting free-ranging and captive cervids ( deer and elk), is widespread in the United States and parts of Canada. The large cervid population, the popularity of venison consumption, and the apparent spread of the CWD epidemic are likely resulting in increased human exposure to CWD in the United States. Whether CWD is transmissible to humans, as has been shown for bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( the prion disease of cattle), is unknown. We generated transgenic mice expressing the elk or human prion protein (PrP) in a PrP-null background. After intracerebral inoculation with elk CWD prion, two lines of "humanized" transgenic mice that are susceptible to human prions failed to develop the hallmarks of prion diseases after > 657 and > 756 d, respectively, whereas the "cervidized" transgenic mice became infected after 118 - 142 d. These data indicate that there is a substantial species barrier for transmission of elk CWD to humans. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Dev & Mol Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gambetti, P (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM pxg13@case.edu RI Petersen, Robert/B-5075-2011; Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013; Chen, Shu/O-4750-2014 OI Petersen, Robert/0000-0002-3154-0072; Chen, Shu/0000-0001-7180-3001 FU CSP VA [UR8 CU515004]; NIA NIH HHS [1P01 AG14359-06, P01 AG014359] NR 25 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD AUG 31 PY 2005 VL 25 IS 35 BP 7944 EP 7949 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2467-05.2005 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 960BL UT WOS:000231565100007 PM 16135751 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Campbell, KG King, GE AF Morris, CF Campbell, KG King, GE TI Kernel texture differences among US soft wheat cultivars SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Seminar of the Society-of-Chemical-Industry CY APR 07, 2005 CL London, ENGLAND SP Soc Chem Ind DE grain hardness; kernel texture; wheat; Single Kernel Characterization System; near-infrared reflectance ID GRAIN HARDNESS; UNITED-STATES; BAKING QUALITIES; WINTER-WHEAT; STABILITY AB Kernel texture is a key factor in the quality and utilization of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum Q, yet the variation in kernel texture among US soft wheat cultivars is largely unknown. This study evaluated the following hypothesis: soft wheat cultivars differ in kernel texture due to minor genetic factor(s). Once identified, selected contrasting cultivars could serve as candidates for crop improvement and future genetic studies. To test the hypothesis, kernel texture (SKCS, Single Kernel Characterization System), NIR (near-infrared reflectance) and Quadrumat break flour yield were evaluated for 30 cultivars drawn from the four major US soft wheat regions and sub-classes (eastern and western soft white winter, soft red winter and Club). Cultivars were grown in replicated trials over 6 site-years in Washington state. The results clearly indicated that relatively large, consistent genetic differences in kernel texture exist among US soft wheat cultivars. SKCS and NIR were fairly well correlated (r = 0.85) and tended to rank cultivars in the same order. However, individual cultivars deviated from this linear relationship and occasionally rankings changed substantially. Trends were observed among the geographical regions and sub-classes, eg the first 13 hardest-ranked positions (SKCS) were held by western cultivars (13 of the 16 total western cultivars). Quadrumat break flour yield provided an independent assessment of kernel texture and was not correlated with SKCS or NIR hardness. Four distinct cultivar groupings were made based on analysis of variance and two-dimensional graphical assessment. Each group represented contrasting levels of kernel texture (SKCS or NIR) and break flour yield. Identification of the specific underlying gene(s) conferring kernel texture variation among US soft wheats awaits the next phase of research. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab,Food Sci & Human Nutr Faci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab,Food Sci & Human Nutr Faci, POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 16 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG 30 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 11 BP 1959 EP 1965 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2202 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 954KP UT WOS:000231154300025 ER PT J AU Li, LL Bannantine, JP Zhang, Q Amonsin, A May, BJ Alt, D Banerji, N Kanjilal, S Kapur, V AF Li, LL Bannantine, JP Zhang, Q Amonsin, A May, BJ Alt, D Banerji, N Kanjilal, S Kapur, V TI The complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genomics; Johne's disease; molecular diagnostics ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NUMBER TANDEM REPEAT; JOHNES-DISEASE; CROHNS-DISEASE; GENE IDENTIFICATION; TUBERCULOSIS H37RV; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE; PROTEINS AB We describe here the complete genome sequence of a common clone of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) strain K-10, the causative agent of Johne's disease in cattle and other ruminants. The K-10 genome is a single circular chromosome of 4,829,781 base pairs and encodes 4,350 predicted ORFs, 45 tRNAs, and one rRNA operon. In silico analysis identified > 3,000 genes with homologs to the human pathogen, M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and 161 unique genomic regions that encode 39 previously unknown Map genes. Analysis of nucleoticle substitution rates with Mtb homologs suggest overall strong selection for a vast majority of these shared mycobacterial genes, with only 68 ORFs with a synonymous to nonsynonymous substitution ratio of > 2. Comparative sequence analysis reveals several noteworthy features of the K-10 genome including: a relative paucity of the PE/PPE family of sequences that are implicated as virulence factors and known to be immunostimulatory during Mtb infection; truncation in the EntE domain of a salicyl-AMP ligase (MbtA), the first gene in the mycobactin biosynthesis gene cluster, providing a possible explanation for mycobactin dependence of Map; and Map-specific sequences that are likely to serve as potential targets for sensitive and specific molecular and immunologic diagnostic tests. Taken together, the availability of the complete genome sequence offers a foundation for the study of the genetic basis for virulence and physiology in Map and enables the development of new generations of diagnostic tests for bovine Johne's disease. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Microbiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Biomed Genom Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kapur, V (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Microbiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vkapur@umn.edu OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 69 TC 270 Z9 734 U1 2 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 30 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 35 BP 12344 EP 12349 DI 10.1073/pnas.0505662102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 961QC UT WOS:000231675900013 PM 16116077 ER PT J AU Horn, C Handler, AM AF Horn, C Handler, AM TI Site-specific genomic targeting in Drosophila SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE homing sequence; insect transformation; recombinase-mediated cassette exchange; transgene stabilization ID FLP-RECOMBINASE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; EFFICIENT STRATEGY; GENE; TRANSFORMATION; MARKER; MELANOGASTER; TRANSPOSON AB Transcriptional regulation of transgenes depends upon genomic localization in higher eukaryotes. For the applied use of transgenic organisms as producers of pharmaceutically relevant proteins or as pest population control agents, a method to make transgene expression predictable is highly desirable. A targeting method that allows precise cassette replacement comprising solely genes of interest (without extraneous donor vector sequences) would be highly advantageous for insects and other multicellular organisms. In this report, we describe a method for transgene targeting to predefined chromosomal sites in Drosophila by using a transposon vector that, once integrated in the germ line, acts as an acceptor site for donor vectors. To make recombinational insertions irreversible, a FLIP recombinase-mediated cassette exchange strategy was used, and to enhance donor-target pairing, a homing sequence from the linotte locus was used. Site-specific recombinants were screened by interconvertible eye fluorescence marker phenotypes yielding, on average, targeted insertions at a frequency of 23%. The cassette exchange system provides for repetitive integrations into the same locus, allowing comparative analysis of true transgenic alleles. Furthermore, this method was used to stabilize a targeted transgene by the postintegration excision of putatively mobile transposon sequences. The genomic targeting and stabilization strategy described for Drosophila should be applicable to other insects, specifically for the goals of optimizing heterologous protein expression and enhancing ecological safety of transgenic strains intended for release in biocontrol programs. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Genet, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Handler, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM handler@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 43 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 30 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 35 BP 12483 EP 12488 DI 10.1073/pnas.0504305102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 961QC UT WOS:000231675900037 PM 16116081 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS Duckett, CN AF Konstantinov, AS Duckett, CN TI A description of four new species of Clavicornaltica Scherer from Continental Asia (vol 1037, pg 39, 2005) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Correction C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM akonstan@sel.barc.usda.gov; duckettc@si.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 30 PY 2005 IS 1042 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 959HL UT WOS:000231508700005 ER PT J AU Eickmann, M Kiermayer, S Kraus, I Gossl, M Richt, JA Garten, W AF Eickmann, M Kiermayer, S Kraus, I Gossl, M Richt, JA Garten, W TI Maturation of Borna disease virus glycoprotein SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE glycoprotein cleavage; endoplasmic reticulum-localization; transport retardation ID INFECTED-CELLS; P56 PROTEIN; RNA VIRUS; FURIN; ENTRY; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCE; DOMAIN AB The maturation of Borna disease virus (BDV) glycoprotein GP was studied in regard to intracellular compartmentalization, compartmentalization signal-domains, proteolytic processing, and packaging into virus particles. Our data show that BDV-GP is (i) predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), (ii) partially exists in the ER already as cleaved subunits GP-N and GP-C, (iii) is directed to the ER/cis-Golgi region by its transmembrane and/or cytoplasmic domains in CD8-BDV-GP hybrid constructs and (iv) is incorporated in the virus particles as authentic BDV glycoprotein exclusively in the cleaved form decorated with N-glycans of the complex type. Downregulation of BDV-glycoproteins on the cell surface, their limited proteolytic processing, and protection of antigenic epitopes on the viral glycoproteins by hostidentical N-glycans are different strategies for persistent virus infections. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Univ Marburg, Inst Virol, D-35037 Marburg, Germany. USDA, ARS, NADC, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Eickmann, M (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Inst Virol, Robert Koch Str 17, D-35037 Marburg, Germany. EM eickmann@staff.uni-marburg.de NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD AUG 29 PY 2005 VL 579 IS 21 BP 4751 EP 4756 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.07.052 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 960XF UT WOS:000231625800033 PM 16098520 ER PT J AU Bunzel, M Ralph, J Funk, C Steinhart, H AF Bunzel, M Ralph, J Funk, C Steinhart, H TI Structural elucidation of new ferulic acid-containing phenolic dimers and trimers isolated from maize bran SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Zea mays L; gramineae; cell wall cross-linking; triferulic acid; triferulate; ferulic acid; ferulate; phenolic dimers; vanillin; oxidative degradation; arabinoxylans; dietary fiber ID CROSS-LINKS; DEHYDROTRIFERULIC ACIDS; INSOLUBLE FIBER; GRASSES; IDENTIFICATION; LIGNIN; DEHYDRODIMERS; WALLS AB Four new phenolic dimers and trimers that contain ferulic acid moieties were isolated from the alkaline hydrolyzate of insoluble maize bran fiber and their structures were established by 1D/2D NMR and mass spectrometry. The biological role of one dimer remains unclear whereas the dimeric vanillin-ferulic acid-cross-product probably represents an oxidative degradation product from the corresponding diferulate. Both ferulic acid dehydrotrimers are able to cross-link polysaccharide chains. However, the 5-5/8-O-4(H2O)-triferulic acid may be a cross-link in its identified structure whereas we assume that the identified 8-O-4/8-5(non-cyclic)-triferulic acid arose from a natural 8-0-4/8-5(cyclic)-triferulate analog during the saponification process. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Dept Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Dept Food Chem, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM mirko.bunzel@uni-hamburg.de NR 20 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD AUG 29 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 35 BP 5845 EP 5850 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.06.140 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 955EU UT WOS:000231209000014 ER PT J AU Adlof, RO Emken, EA List, GR AF Adlof, RO Emken, EA List, GR TI The analysis of structured triacylglycerols, synthesized and in commercial formulations, by silver-ion HPLC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM adlofro@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 224-ANYL BP U283 EP U283 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300545 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Hallfrisch, JG AF Behall, KM Hallfrisch, JG TI Nutritional aspects of oat products in human health SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM behallk@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 37-AGFD BP U21 EP U21 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300038 ER PT J AU Berhow, M Duval, SM AF Berhow, M Duval, SM TI Green strategies for phytochemical glycoside extraction and purification from soy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Berhowma@ncaur..usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 30-AGFD BP U17 EP U18 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300031 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Shogren, RL Stevenson, DG Willett, JL Bhowmik, PK AF Biswas, A Shogren, RL Stevenson, DG Willett, JL Bhowmik, PK TI Ionic liquids as solvents for biopolymers: Acylation of starch and zein protein SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM BISWASA@ncaur.usda.gov RI Bhowmik, Pradip/B-7673-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 192-POLY BP U4088 EP U4089 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308189 ER PT J AU Bosma, WB Appell, M Willett, JL Momany, FA AF Bosma, WB Appell, M Willett, JL Momany, FA TI Stepwise hydration of a disaccharide: DFT calculations of structural and energetic changes as 1 to 4 water molecules are added to beta-cellobiose SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM bosma@bradley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 94-CARB BP U698 EP U699 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301389 ER PT J AU Breksa, AP Zukas, A Manners, GD AF Breksa, AP Zukas, A Manners, GD TI Limonoate A-ring lactones: Key intermediates in the limonoid pathway SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM apb3@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 83-AGFD BP U44 EP U44 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300083 ER PT J AU Chitwood, DJ Meyer, SLF Zasada, IA AF Chitwood, DJ Meyer, SLF Zasada, IA TI Nematode-antagonistic natural products SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chitwood@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 112-AGRO BP U155 EP U155 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300293 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD AF Dailey, OD TI Conversion of oleic acid to branched-chain fatty acids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM odailey@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 101-AGFD BP U53 EP U53 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300101 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE Maragos, CM Jarosz, AM AF Desjardins, AE Maragos, CM Jarosz, AM TI Emerging mycotoxins: The case for nivalenol SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM desjarae@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 132-AGFD BP U68 EP U68 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300132 ER PT J AU Duke, SO AF Duke, SO TI The future of natural products in pest management SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 119-AGRO BP U158 EP U158 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300300 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Batiste, S Ullah, AJ Sethumadhavan, K Pierre, S AF Edwards, JV Batiste, S Ullah, AJ Sethumadhavan, K Pierre, S TI New uses for immobilized enzymes and substrates on cotton and cellulose fibers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM vedwards@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 39-CARB BP U671 EP U672 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301334 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Monge, A Stewart, D Montes, B AF Eggleston, G Monge, A Stewart, D Montes, B TI Optimization of applications of dextranases in sugarcane factories SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Cora Texas Mfg Co, White Castle, LA 70788 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 23-CARB BP U663 EP U664 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301318 ER PT J AU Eller, FJ Taylor, SL AF Eller, FJ Taylor, SL TI Use of critical carbon dioxide to optimize an enzyme catalyzed reaction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ellerfj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 52-AGFD BP U29 EP U29 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300052 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, VL Willett, JL AF Finkenstadt, VL Willett, JL TI Mechanical and electrical properties of starch composites using carbon black as a conductive filler SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM finkenvl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 81-AGFD BP U43 EP U43 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300081 ER PT J AU Finley, JW AF Finley, JW TI Selenium and sulforaphane from broccoli interact to alter gene expression and protection against oxidative stress in cultured cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jfinley@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 120-AGFD BP U62 EP U62 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300120 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP Lauterbach, BJ Reilly, PJ AF French, AD Johnson, GP Lauterbach, BJ Reilly, PJ TI Linkage distortion energies for carbohydrates in complexes with crystalline proteins: Basic research for future innovations of industrial enzymes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 51-CARB BP U677 EP U678 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301346 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Henika, PR Levin, CE Mandrell, RE Kozukue, N AF Friedman, M Henika, PR Levin, CE Mandrell, RE Kozukue, N TI Antibiotic activities of tea catechins, theaflavins, and aqueous tea infusions against Bacillus cereus SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 176-AGFD BP U89 EP U89 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300176 ER PT J AU Goel, A McConnell, LL Torrents, A AF Goel, A McConnell, LL Torrents, A TI Modeling the variability in aerial concentrations of atrazine, endosulfan and chlorothalonil at a rural location on the Delmarva Peninsula SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, USDA, ARS,Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM anubha@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 71-AGRO BP U132 EP U133 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300252 ER PT J AU Goldade, DA Tessari, LD AF Goldade, DA Tessari, LD TI Tissue binding and metabolism of the avicide 3-chloro-4-methylaniline hydrochloride in red-winged blackbirds and dark-eyed juncos SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Radiol & Environm Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM David.A.Goldade@usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 36-AGRO BP U113 EP U114 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300217 ER PT J AU Goodner, KL Mahattanatawee, K AF Goodner, KL Mahattanatawee, K TI Effects of sampling methodologies on GC-MS and GC-olfactometry results SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM goodner@citrus.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 7-AGFD BP U5 EP U6 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300008 ER PT J AU Henderson, KL Moorman, TB Coats, JR AF Henderson, KL Moorman, TB Coats, JR TI Bioavailability of tylosin in environmental matrices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM hendersk@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 66-AGRO BP U129 EP U130 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300247 ER PT J AU Hicks, KB Senske, GE Hotchkiss, AT O'Brien, DJ AF Hicks, KB Senske, GE Hotchkiss, AT O'Brien, DJ TI Screening of commercial beta-glucanases for complete hydrolysis of barley beta-glucan to glucose SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Crop COnvers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM khicks@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 18-CARB BP U661 EP U662 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301314 ER PT J AU Ielmini, M AF Ielmini, M TI USDA Forest Service national strategy and implementation plan for invasive species management SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Natl Forest Syst, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mielmini@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 90-AGRO BP U143 EP U143 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300271 ER PT J AU Inglett, GE AF Inglett, GE TI New bioactive oat hydrocolloids for foods with reduced calories SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM inglett@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 38-AGFD BP U22 EP U22 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300039 ER PT J AU Ishidal, BK Chapman, MH Randhava, SS AF Ishidal, BK Chapman, MH Randhava, SS TI A new environmentally friendly method for lycopene extraction from tomato waste for food use SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Processed Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bkishida@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 50-AGFD BP U27 EP U28 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300050 ER PT J AU Johnston, DB Singh, V AF Johnston, DB Singh, V TI Enzymatic processing of corn for fuel alcohol production SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Crop Convers & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM djohnston@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 20-CARB BP U662 EP U662 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301315 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ AF Johnston, JJ TI Probabilistic risk assessment for identifying acceptable methods to control invasive species SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.j.johnston@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 77-AGRO BP U136 EP U136 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300258 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, L TI Synergistic reinforcement effect of soy carbohydrate and soy protein in polymer composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jongl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 364-PMSE BP U3676 EP U3676 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307359 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA AF Joseph, JA TI The dual role of dietary polyphenolics on signaling in oxidative stress and cognition SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Ctr Aging,USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 62-AGFD BP U33 EP U34 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300062 ER PT J AU Kim, S Inglett, GE AF Kim, S Inglett, GE TI Quantitative analysis of beta-glucan in oat hydrocolloids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kims@ncaur.usda.govt NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 55-AGFD BP U30 EP U31 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300055 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Nolte, DL Johnston, JJ AF Kimball, BA Nolte, DL Johnston, JJ TI Development of a deer repellent from food-grade materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM bruce.a.kimball@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 179-AGFD BP U91 EP U91 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300179 ER PT J AU Lamikanra, O AF Lamikanra, O TI Effect of wound response altering treatments on the quality of fresh-cut cantaloupe melon SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sola@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 8-AGFD BP U6 EP U6 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300009 ER PT J AU Lee, S AF Lee, S TI Rheological properties and baking performance of new oat beta-glucan hydrocolloids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, NCAUR, ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61615 USA. EM Lees@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 39-AGFD BP U22 EP U22 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300040 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K Lightfield, AR Gates, RA AF Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K Lightfield, AR Gates, RA TI Comparison of three quantification approaches for LC-MS/MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM slehotay@errc.ars.usda.gov; alightfield@arserrc.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 108-ANYL BP U226 EP U227 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300431 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ AF Lehotay, SJ TI The influence and effects of analytical chemists on regulatory policies related to chemical residue monitoring of foods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM slehotay@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 451-ANYL BP U391 EP U392 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300764 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP AF Liu, CK Latona, NP TI Characterization of polymeric coatings using acoustic emission techniques SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM cliu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 567-PMSE BP U3772 EP U3772 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307559 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL AF Luthria, DL TI Influence of sample preparation on extraction and analysis of macro and micro constituents from plant sources SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luthriad@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 33-AGFD BP U19 EP U19 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300034 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL AF Luthria, DL TI Assay of phenolic compounds: Sample preparation and finger printing SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luthriad@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 11-AGFD BP U7 EP U8 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300012 ER PT J AU Lyn, ML AF Lyn, ML TI Dehydration kinetics of calcium alginate beads SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM mlyn@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 BP U2927 EP U2927 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797305790 ER PT J AU Mahattanatawee, K Tillman, T Goodner, KL Baldwin, EA AF Mahattanatawee, K Tillman, T Goodner, KL Baldwin, EA TI Determination of aroma active volatiles in Florida tropical fruit by GC-O and GC-MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM kanjana@citrus.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 19-AGFD BP U12 EP U12 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300020 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA AF Manthey, JA TI Lipid composition of orange oil nonvolatile distillate residue SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM jmanthey@citrus.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 82-AGFD BP U43 EP U44 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300082 ER PT J AU Maruvada, R McFeeters, RF AF Maruvada, R McFeeters, RF TI Role of enzymatic activity in softening of fermented cucumbers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, SAA, FSRU, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rvmaruva@unity.ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 74-AGFD BP U39 EP U40 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300074 ER PT J AU Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ Lightfield, AR AF Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ Lightfield, AR TI Streamlining sample preparation and LC-MS/MS multiresidue analysis of antibiotics in animal tissues SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kmastovska@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 35-AGRO BP U112 EP U113 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300216 ER PT J AU Mauldin, RE Primus, TM Linz, GM Buettgenbach, TL Johnston, JJ AF Mauldin, RE Primus, TM Linz, GM Buettgenbach, TL Johnston, JJ TI Method for the determination of chlorpyrifos in black oil sunflower seeds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.e.mauldin@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 22-AGRO BP U105 EP U106 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300203 ER PT J AU Mohamed, AA Rayas-Duarte, P Inglett, GE AF Mohamed, AA Rayas-Duarte, P Inglett, GE TI Hard red spring wheat/C-trim20 bread: Formulation, processing and texture analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mohameda@ncaur.usda.gov RI Mohamed, Abdellatif/O-5801-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 56-AGFD BP U31 EP U31 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300056 ER PT J AU Momany, FA Bartelt, RJ AF Momany, FA Bartelt, RJ TI Calculations to determine the experimental conformation of a cyclic insect pheromone using a novel multi-faceted ab initio approach SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, REE, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. EM momanyfa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 98-COMP BP U1297 EP U1298 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302610 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Johnston, D Dickey, LC Parris, N Hicks, KB AF Moreau, RA Johnston, D Dickey, LC Parris, N Hicks, KB TI New solvent free aqueous enzymatic process for the extraction of corn oil from corn germ SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rmoreau@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 22-CARB BP U663 EP U663 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301317 ER PT J AU Nowierski, RM AF Nowierski, RM TI Development of an early detection and rapid response system for the Pink Hibiscus Mealybug through education, training, and implementation of Integrated Pest Management SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Plant & Anim Syst, Waterfront Ctr, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM Rnowierski@csrees.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 94-AGRO BP U145 EP U146 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300275 ER PT J AU Peterson, CJ AF Peterson, CJ TI Imidacloprid content of the eluate of vegetated and non-vegetated soil columns SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA Forest Serv, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM cjpeterson@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 4-AGRO BP U95 EP U95 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300186 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ Bartelt, RJ AF Petroski, RJ Bartelt, RJ TI New phosphonate reagents for aldehyde homollogation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, REE, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM petrostj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 539-ORGN BP U3350 EP U3351 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797306534 ER PT J AU Potter, T Manning, T Folsom, D Hardin, L Wauchope, D AF Potter, T Manning, T Folsom, D Hardin, L Wauchope, D TI Tebuconazolle ozonation in water: By-products and dissipation kinetics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Valdosta State Univ, Dept Chem, Valdosta, GA USA. EM tpotter@tifton.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 138-AGRO BP U169 EP U169 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300319 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Graves, SF Johnston, JJ AF Primus, TM Graves, SF Johnston, JJ TI Diphacinone and diphacinone metabolites in Wistar Norway rats exposed to diphacinone/tetracycline baits SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Thomas.M.Primus@usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 17-AGRO BP U103 EP U103 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300198 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Wu, X Gu, L AF Prior, RL Wu, X Gu, L TI Factors impacting in vivo plasma antioxidant capacity following a meal of foods containing antioxidant phytochemicals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 25-AGFD BP U15 EP U15 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300026 ER PT J AU Qi, PX Cooke, PH Tomasula, PM Wickham, ED AF Qi, PX Cooke, PH Tomasula, PM Wickham, ED TI Characterization of casein-based films by transmission electron microscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pqi@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 104-AGFD BP U54 EP U55 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300104 ER PT J AU Ribando, CP AF Ribando, CP TI Bioactive beta-glucan patent positions and opportunities for commercial partnering SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Off Technol Transfer, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cribando@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 59-AGFD BP U32 EP U33 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300059 ER PT J AU Rice, CP Abbott, LC Hapeman, CJ Baldwin, RL Capuco, AV McCarty, GW Hare, WR Paape, MJ McConnell, LL Bannerman, DD Kauf, AC Sadeghi, AM Starr, JL Van Tassell, CP Le, A Bialek, K AF Rice, CP Abbott, LC Hapeman, CJ Baldwin, RL Capuco, AV McCarty, GW Hare, WR Paape, MJ McConnell, LL Bannerman, DD Kauf, AC Sadeghi, AM Starr, JL Van Tassell, CP Le, A Bialek, K TI Predicting perchlorate exposure in milk from concentrations in dairy feed SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Vet Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 214-ENVR BP U1606 EP U1606 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303214 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Horgan, BP AF Rice, PJ Horgan, BP TI Differential application of fluorobenzoic acids to evaluate surface runoff from turfgrass SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pamrice@umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 100-AGRO BP U148 EP U149 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300281 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Baerson, SR AF Rimando, AM Baerson, SR TI Analysis of fatty acids in sorghum tissues SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM arimando@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 109-AGFD BP U57 EP U57 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300109 ER PT J AU Shortle, WC Smith, KT Minocha, R AF Shortle, WC Smith, KT Minocha, R TI Potential use of dendrochemistry to observe environmental change SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM wshortle@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 133-GEOC BP U1781 EP U1781 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797303567 ER PT J AU Singh, M Inglett, GE AF Singh, M Inglett, GE TI Beta-glucan in probiotic foods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM singhm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 41-AGFD BP U23 EP U23 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300042 ER PT J AU Spence, JT AF Spence, JT TI Modification of the food supply to promote health SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jts@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 36-AGFD BP U21 EP U21 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300037 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Yoder, CA Miller, LA AF Stahl, RS Yoder, CA Miller, LA TI HPLC determination of Nicarbazin in avian whole blood, blood solids, and plasma fractions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Randal.S.Stahl@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 37-AGRO BP U114 EP U114 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300218 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Johnston, JJ AF Stahl, RS Johnston, JJ TI Evaluation of chiral HPLC mobile phase composition for the separation of Brodifacoum enantiomers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Randal.S.Stahl@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 13-AGRO BP U101 EP U101 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300194 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Eller, FJ Lane, JL Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, DG Eller, FJ Lane, JL Inglett, GE TI Physicochemical properties of bioactive beta-glucan compositions with starch-lipid interactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM stevensond@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 58-AGFD BP U32 EP U32 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300058 ER PT J AU Tasker, AV AF Tasker, AV TI Overview of the Giant Hogweed eradication project in Pennsylvania SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Invas Species & Pest Management Grp, Pest Detect & Management Programs, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM alan.v.tasker@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 91-AGRO BP U144 EP U144 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300272 ER PT J AU Tasker, AV AF Tasker, AV TI Proposed revisions to US Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service quarantine on plants for planting SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Invas Species & Pest Management Grp, Pest Detect Management Programs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM alan.v.tasker@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 74-AGRO BP U134 EP U135 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300255 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Onwulata, CI Tomasula, PM AF Tunick, MH Onwulata, CI Tomasula, PM TI Rheological properties of extruded milk powders SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mtunick@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 75-AGFD BP U40 EP U40 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300075 ER PT J AU Warner, K AF Warner, K TI Flavor and texture attributes of foods containing oat beta-glucan-rich hydrocolloids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM warnerk@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 40-AGFD BP U22 EP U23 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300041 ER PT J AU Yachmenev, VG Lambert, AH AF Yachmenev, VG Lambert, AH TI Intensification of enzymatic reactions in textile processing by uniform sonication SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM yachmene@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 34-CARB BP U669 EP U670 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301329 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, WH Knuckles, BE AF Yokoyama, WH Knuckles, BE TI Bioactivity of beta-glucan compositions in hamsters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM wally@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 54-AGFD BP U30 EP U30 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300054 ER PT J AU Zhang, AJ AF Zhang, AJ TI Insect semiochemicals and their applications in pest management SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhanga@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 114-AGRO BP U156 EP U156 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797300295 ER PT J AU Shigaki, T Barkla, BJ Miranda-Vergara, MC Zhao, J Pantoja, O Hirschi, KD AF Shigaki, T Barkla, BJ Miranda-Vergara, MC Zhao, J Pantoja, O Hirschi, KD TI Identification of a crucial histidine involved in metal transport activity in the Arabidopsis cation/H+ exchanger CAX1 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; AMINO-ACID; RESIDUES; EXPRESSION; DETERMINANTS; CHANNEL; ATPASE; PH AB In plants, yeast, and bacteria, cation/H+ exchangers (CAXs) have been shown to translocate Ca2+ and other metal ions utilizing the H+ gradient. The best characterized of these related transporters is the plant vacuolar localized CAX1. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to assess the impact of altering the seven histidine residues to alanine within Arabidopsis CAX1. The mutants were expressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that is sensitive to Ca2+ and other metals. By utilizing a yeast growth assay, the H338A mutant was the only mutation that appeared to alter Ca2+ transport activity. The CAX1 His(338) residue is conserved among various CAX transporters and may be located within a filter for cation selection. We proceeded to mutate His338 to every other amino acid residue and utilized yeast growth assays to estimate the transport properties of the 19 CAX mutants. Expression of 16 of these His338 mutants could not rescue any of the metal sensitivities. However, expression of H338N, H338Q, and H338K allowed for some growth on media containing Ca2+. Most interestingly, H338N exhibited increased tolerance to Cd2+ and Zn2+. Endomembrane fractions from yeast cells were used to measure directly the transport of H338N. Although the H338N mutant demonstrated 25% of the wild type Ca2+/H+ transport, it showed an increase in transport for both Cd2+ and Zn2+ reflected in a decrease in the Km for these substrates. This study provides insights into the CAX cation filter and novel mechanisms by which metals may be partitioned across membranes. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS,Dept Pediat, Plant Physiol Labs,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotechnol, Dept Plant Mol Biol, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS,Dept Pediat, Plant Physiol Labs,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu RI Zhao, Jian/A-2336-2008; Pantoja, Omar/H-5981-2012; OI Zhao, Jian/0000-0002-4416-7334; Barkla, Bronwyn/0000-0002-4691-8023 NR 29 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 26 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 34 BP 30136 EP 30142 DI 10.1074/jbc.M503610200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 957IC UT WOS:000231362500020 PM 15994298 ER PT J AU Norman, SP Taylor, AH AF Norman, SP Taylor, AH TI Pine forest expansion along a forest-meadow ecotone in northeastern California, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fire; grazing; climate variation; scale; ponderosa pine; ecotone ID VOLCANIC-NATIONAL-PARK; GROWTH PONDEROSA PINE; TREE INVASION; FIRE REGIMES; MONTANE FORESTS; INTERIOR WEST; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; VEGETATION AB Type conversions of vegetation are often triggered by changes in one or more limiting environmental factors. Such changes are particularly evident along montane forest-meadow ecotones, where historical changes in fire, grazing and climate have occurred. In this paper, we reconstruct spatial and temporal variation in climate, livestock grazing and fire for 11 meadow inclusions in the pine-dominated forest of northeastern California, USA. We then compare this environmental variation to temporal patterns of tree invasion by dating the establishment of 1420 trees, saplings and seedlings. Invasive trees included ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev and Balf.), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana Loudon (Grev and Balf.)) and western juniper (Juniper occidentalis Hook.). Before the arrival of Euro-Americans in 1849, fires burned with a median interval of 11 years based on 1-3 ha composite records from multiple trees, and 14 years using records from individual trees. There was substantial variation in the date of the last recorded fire within and among meadows, but fire was rare after 1905. The onset of tree establishment varied among meadows, but followed the reduction and removal of fire. Livestock grazing also varied among meadows, and the highest establishment rates occurred when grazing was moderate. Mean tree establishment was 22.9 trees/ha/decade during the late 19th century when grazing was unregulated, 62.6 trees/ha/decade when sheep were present, but regulated, and 40.7 trees/hectare/decade after sheep were replaced with cattle. Ponderosa. and Jeffrey pine established during a range of temperature and precipitation conditions, but establishment was greater when summer precipitation was below normal, annual temperatures were normal and springs were cool. Although changes in disturbance and climate were associated with tree establishment, the persistence of trees at the meadow edge is best explained by continued fire exclusion. With the long-term absence of fire the local effects of different disturbance histories are being lost. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Norman, SP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM stevenorman@fs.fed.us; aht1@psu.edu NR 82 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 25 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.003 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 971AR UT WOS:000232354000004 ER PT J AU Oswalt, SN King, SL AF Oswalt, SN King, SL TI Channelization and floodplain forests: Impacts of accelerated sedimentation and valley plug formation on floodplain forests of the Middle Fork Forked Deer River, Tennessee, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwood forests; channelization; valley plugs; sedimentation; erosion; floodplain vegetation; degradation; Tennessee rivers ID COASTAL-PLAIN; STREAM CHANNELIZATION; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; MARYLAND; SITES AB We evaluated the severe degradation of floodplain habitats resulting from channelization and concomitant excessive coarse sedimentation on the Middle Fork Forked Deer River in west Tennessee from 2000 to 2003. Land use practices have resulted in excessive sediment in the tributaries and river system eventually resulting in sand deposition on the floodplain, increased overbank flooding, a rise in the groundwater table, and ponding of upstream timber. Our objectives were to: (1) determine the composition of floodplain vegetation communities along the degraded river reach, (2) to isolate relationships among these communities, geomorphic features, and environmental variables and (3) evaluate successional changes based on current stand conditions. Vegetation communities were not specifically associated with predefined geomorphic features; nevertheless, hydrologic and geomorphic processes as a result of channelization have clearly affected vegetation communities. The presence of valley plugs and continued degradation of upstream reaches and tributaries on the impacted study reach has arrested recovery of floodplain plant communities. Historically common species like Liquidambar styraciflua L. and Quercus spp. L. were not important, with importance values (IV) less than 1, and occurred in less than 20% of forested plots, while Acer rubrum L., a disturbance-tolerant species, was the most important species on the site (IV = 78.1) and occurred in 87% of forested plots. The results of this study also indicate that channelization impacts on the Middle Fork Forked Deer River are more temporally and spatially complex than previously described for other river systems. Rehabilitation of this system necessitates a long-term, landscape-scale solution that addresses watershed rehabilitation in a spatially and temporally hierarchical manner. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oswalt, SN (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM soswalt@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 25 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.004 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 971AR UT WOS:000232354000005 ER PT J AU Coulson, RN Pinto, MA Tchakerian, MD Baum, KA Rubink, WL Johnston, JS AF Coulson, RN Pinto, MA Tchakerian, MD Baum, KA Rubink, WL Johnston, JS TI Feral honey bees in pine forest landscapes of east Texas SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE feral honey bees; forest landscape structure; mitotype diversity; Apis mellifera scutellata ID APIS-MELLIFERA-SCUTELLATA; SPATIAL FORAGING PATTERNS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; UNITED-STATES; AFRICAN; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATIONS AB In 1990 the Africanized honey bee, a descendent of Apis mellifera scutellata, was identified in south Texas [Hunter, L.A., Jackman, J.A., Sugden, E.A., 1992. Detection records of Africanized honey bees in Texas during 1990,1991 and 1992. Southwestern Entomol. 18, 79-89]. The potential impact of this immigrant on feral and managed colonies was the subject of considerable speculation. The goal of this study was to investigate the diversity of feral honey bee races in pine forest landscapes of east Texas, subsequent to immigration of A. m. scutellata. The specific objectives were (i) to assess the immigration of A. m. scutellata into east Texas pine forest landscapes and (ii) to evaluate the suitability of the pine forest landscape to feral honey bees. This mesoscale landscape study was conducted on the Sam Houston National Forest in east Texas. Swarm traps and aerial pitfall traps were used to monitor feral honey bees. Spatial databases were used to evaluate suitability of the pine forest landscape for honey bees. Scoring mitochondrial DNA type (mitotypes), we found representatives of A. mellifera scutellata, eastern European, western European, and A. mellifera lamarckii races in pine forest landscapes of east Texas. The conclusions that follow from this aspect of the investigation are (i) honey bees are a ubiquitous component of the pine forest landscape in east Texas, (ii) mitotype diversity persists subsequent to the immigration of A. rn. scutellata, and (iii) A. m. scutellata is an added element of the mitotype diversity in the landscape. To evaluate quantitatively the suitability of the pine forest to feral honey bees, we used a spatial database for the study area and FRAGSTATS. The landscape structure in 1256 ha units surrounding six swarms of honey bees captured in the swarm traps was examined. The metrics used to characterize the kind, number, size, shape, and configuration of elements forming the landscape, defined a heterogeneous environment for honey bees that included sufficient food and habitat resources needed for survival, growth, and reproduction. The conclusions that follow from this aspect of the investigation are (1) although classified as a pine forest, management practices and other human activities have altered the landscape and thereby created food and habitat resources suitable for honey bees, (2) the forestry practices associated specifically with road corridor maintenance, stream side corridor protection, RCW management, and Wilderness Area management introduce structural heterogeneity to the forest landscape which enriches the diversity and abundance of early successional flowering plants and provides cavity sites needed by honey bees, (3) ranching, fanning, and urbanization within the study area also create these conditions, and (4) based on inferences from melissopalynology, honey bees provide pollination services for a broad representation of native and introduced flowering plant species of the pineywoods ecoregion. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Knowledge Engn Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Knowledge Engn Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Escola Super Agraria, Dept Florestal, Inst Politecn Braganca, BR-5301854 Braganca Paulista, SP, Brazil. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Honey Bee Grp, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Coulson, RN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Knowledge Engn Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM r-coulson@tamu.edu OI Pinto, Maria Alice/0000-0001-9663-8399 NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 25 PY 2005 VL 215 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.005 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 971AR UT WOS:000232354000007 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Annous, BA Ezeji, TC Karcher, P Maddox, IS AF Qureshi, N Annous, BA Ezeji, TC Karcher, P Maddox, IS TI Biofilm reactors for industrial bioconversion processes: employing potential of enhanced reaction rates SO MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES LA English DT Review ID UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE; PLASTIC COMPOSITE SUPPORTS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; CONTINUOUS SOLVENT PRODUCTION; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE REMOVAL; SUCCINIC ACID PRODUCTION; FIBROUS BED BIOREACTOR; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; WHEY PERMEATE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE AB This article describes the use of biofilm reactors for the production of various chemicals by fermentation and wastewater treatment. Biofilm formation is a natural process where microbial cells attach to the support ( adsorbent) or form flocs/aggregates ( also called granules) without use of chemicals and form thick layers of cells known as "biofilms." As a result of biofilm formation, cell densities in the reactor increase and cell concentrations as high as 74 gL(-1) can be achieved. The reactor configurations can be as simple as a batch reactor, continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), packed bed reactor (PBR), fluidized bed reactor (FBR), airlift reactor (ALR), upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, or any other suitable configuration. In UASB granular biofilm particles are used. This article demonstrates that reactor productivities in these reactors have been superior to any other reactor types. This article describes production of ethanol, butanol, lactic acid, acetic acid/vinegar, succinic acid, and fumaric acid in addition to wastewater treatment in the biofilm reactors. As the title suggests, biofilm reactors have high potential to be employed in biotechnology/bioconversion industry for viable economic reasons. In this article, various reactor types have been compared for the above bioconversion processes. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Massey Univ, Inst Engn & Technol, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM QURESHIN@ncaur.usda.gov; bannous@errc.ars.usda.gov; ezeji@uiuc.edu; pkarcher@uiuc.edu; I.S.Maddox@massey.ac.nz RI Ezeji, Thaddeus/D-7171-2015 OI Ezeji, Thaddeus/0000-0002-8384-895X NR 113 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 13 U2 73 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2859 J9 MICROB CELL FACT JI Microb. Cell. Fact. PD AUG 25 PY 2005 VL 4 AR 24 DI 10.1186/1475-2859-4-24 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 975XE UT WOS:000232696600001 PM 16122390 ER PT J AU Hansen, LU Chiu, MCA AF Hansen, LU Chiu, MCA TI Isolation and composition of chromoplasts from tomatoes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tomato chromoplasts; wheat flour; rice flour; nutrition; macronutrients ID SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY FIBER; ACID; PECTIN; OXIDATION; PROTEIN; LIPIDS; RISK; RATS; FAT AB The fruit of the tomato plant is composed of elongated tomato cells filled with organelles called chromoplasts (plastids). These plastids scattered throughout the cell are rich in nutrients, particularly protein (33%) and lipids (20%). They can be released from the cells by rupture of their cell membranes and then isolated. Plastids and their cell contents can be utilized by the food-processing industry for the preparation of special food products. This study was designed to examine the macronutrient content of isolated tomato plastids and, therefore, determine its potential nutritional value. Use of tomato plastids in pasta sauces and rice dishes, salsa, and extrusion products would increase the nutritional value of the product. Because glucose has been removed in the process of plastid isolation, tomato plastids are useful in the diets of diabetics and cardiovascular patients, as well as for patients in need of weight reduction. Composition comparison of tomato plastid is made with tomato paste, from which glucose has not been removed. Many people require low-sugar products for medical reasons (diabetics and those with cardiovascular disease) and others for weight loss. Therefore, tomato chromoplasts having high protein and lipid contents and low sugar content may be useful in meeting these particular human needs. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hansen, LU (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM luh@pw.usda.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 24 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 17 BP 6678 EP 6682 DI 10.1021/jf058013p PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 958PJ UT WOS:000231459900018 PM 16104784 ER PT J AU Wohl, E Merritt, D AF Wohl, E Merritt, D TI Prediction of mountain stream morphology SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-GRADIENT STREAMS; DEBRIS FLOWS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; CHANNEL GEOMETRY; WASHINGTON; RESISTANCE; OREGON; RIVERS; AGENTS AB We use a large and diverse data set from mountain streams around the world to explore relationships between reach-scale channel morphology and control variables. The data set includes 177 step-pool reaches, 44 plane-bed reaches, and 114 pool-riffle reaches from the western United States, Panama, and New Zealand. We performed several iterations of stepwise discriminant analysis on these data. A three-variable discriminant function using slope (S), D-84, and channel width (w) produced an error rate of 24% for the entire data set. Seventy percent of plane-bed reaches were correctly classified (16% incorrectly classified as pool-riffle and 14% incorrectly classified as step-pool). Sixty-seven percent of pool-riffle channels were correctly classified (31% incorrectly classified as plane-bed and 2% as step-pool). Eighty-nine percent of step-pool reaches were correctly classified (9% incorrectly classified as plane-bed and 2% as pool-riffle). The partial R 2 values and F tests indicate that S is by far the most significant single explanatory variable. Comparison of the eight discriminant functions developed using different data sets indicates that no single variable is present in all functions, suggesting that the discriminant functions are sensitive to the specific stream reaches being analyzed. However, the three-variable discriminant function developed from the entire data set correctly classified 69% of the 159 channels included in an independent validation data set. The ability to accurately classify channel type in other regions using the three-variable discriminant function developed from the entire data set has important implications for water resources management, such as facilitating prediction of channel morphology using regional S-w-D-84 relations calibrated with minimal field work. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Natl Stream Syst Technol Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wohl, E (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 23 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 8 AR W08419 DI 10.1029/2004WR003779 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 960EV UT WOS:000231573900001 ER PT J AU Choi, WS Kim, CJ Park, BS Lee, SE Takeoka, GR Kim, DG LanPiao, X Kim, JH AF Choi, WS Kim, CJ Park, BS Lee, SE Takeoka, GR Kim, DG LanPiao, X Kim, JH TI Inhibitory effect on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and protective effect on CCl4-induced hepatic damage of HEM extract SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vascular smooth muscle cell; CCl4; HEAL; Hericium erinaceus; Artemisia iwayomogi ID ARTEMISIA-IWAYOMOGI; PROSTATE-CANCER; REGRESSION; RATS AB The effects of methanol extract from Hericium erinaceus cultivated with Artemisia iwayomogi (HEAI) on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and CCl4-induced hepatic damage were evaluated. HEAL was shown to have a potent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Interestingly, a methanol extract of Hericium erinaceus showed no inhibitory effect on the proliferation of VSMCs, while a methanol extract of Artemisia iwayomogi possessed strong inhibitory effects on the proliferation of VSMCs. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of HEAI may be caused by the changes of chemical components in the culture broth after (tie addition of Artemisia iwayomogi in the HEM growth media. HEM also had a strong protective effect on CCl1-induced hepatic damage in rats. The activity was evaluated using biochemical parameters such as glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase. (ALP). HEAI treatment caused a significant reduction in the activity of GOT but not of GPT and ALP in comparison with CCl4 treatment alone. Histopathological studies showed that liver samples treated with HEAT were significantly different when compared to non-treated animals after CCl4 exposure. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Life Sci, Asan 336745, Chungnam, South Korea. Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Med, Asan 336745, Chungnam, South Korea. ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. Chungju Natl Univ, H&M Bio Co Ltd, Chungbuk 380702, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM kjh2404@snu.ac.kr NR 11 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD AUG 22 PY 2005 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 176 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.037 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 955FW UT WOS:000231211900034 PM 15941638 ER PT J AU Larkin, NK Harrison, DE AF Larkin, NK Harrison, DE TI Global seasonal temperature and precipitation anomalies during El Nino autumn and winter SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; US TEMPERATURE; WARM AB One of the consequences of the new NOAA definition of El Nino is the identification of a number of boreal autumns and winters as El Nino seasons that are not conventionally so identified. In these periods SST anomalies are concentrated significantly more toward the International Dateline than usual. We show here that the seasonal weather anomalies typically associated with these additional "Dateline El Nino'' seasons are different in useful respects over much of the world, and suggest that it is useful to treat these as different types of "El Nino'' for purposes of seasonal weather forecasting. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Larkin, NK (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, 400 N 34th St,201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM larkin@fs.fed.us RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 NR 17 TC 282 Z9 282 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 16 AR L16705 DI 10.1029/2005GL022860 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 957WQ UT WOS:000231404400002 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Pollach, G Triche, R AF Eggleston, G Pollach, G Triche, R TI The use of ion chromatography profiles as a screening tool to differentiate cane white sugar from beet white sugar SO ZUCKERINDUSTRIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Meeting of the ICUMSA CY APR 05, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP ICUMSA DE sugar adulteration; beet white sugar; cane white sugar; HPAEC; ion chromatography ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; ADULTERATION; HONEY; SPECTROSCOPY; JUICES AB For the purpose of international sugar trade, a new analytical screening method sanctioned by the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis (ICUMSA) is urgently needed that is (1) capable of distinguishing between cane white sugar (CWS) and beet white sugar (BWS), and (2) can measure the percentage of CWS in a CWS/BWS mixture. By analyzing -7% dry substance content blind BWS/CWS samples with an IC-IPAD NaOH/NaOAc 45 min gradient method, low raffinose in conjunction with numerous cane marker peaks, were successfully used to detect 20% CWS adulteration. In general, IC profiles of CWS samples had more peaks of 2 to 12 dp than BWS samples. Increasing the reftactometric dry substance content to 10% allowed detection of 10% CWS adulteration. Chromatography libraries of CWS, BWS and BWS/CWS samples for direct comparisons will aid adulterant detection. Further studies using chemometric techniques are proposed to enhance adulteration detection. IC is often used in the sugar industry to monitor industrial products, and at the least, the use of IC profiles can be used as a screening method before the further verification and quantitation with more sophisticated techniques, such as Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Sugar Proc Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov; guenter@pollach.at; rtriche@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU VERLAG DR ALBERT BARTENS PI BERLIN 38 PA LUCKHOFFSTRASSE 16, D-14129 BERLIN 38, GERMANY SN 0344-8657 J9 ZUCKERINDUSTRIE JI Zuckerindustrie PD AUG 20 PY 2005 VL 130 IS 8 BP 611 EP 616 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 975YC UT WOS:000232699000001 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, VL Willett, JL AF Finkenstadt, VL Willett, JL TI Reactive extrusion of starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymers: Effects of monomer/starch ratio and moisture content SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE graft copolymers; polyacrylamide; reactive extrusion; starch ID POLYACRYLONITRILE; SUPERABSORBENT AB The effects of monomer/starch feed ratios and moisture content during reactive extrusion of starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymers were investigated. Acrylamide/ starch ratios ranged from 0.20 to 1.87 at 50% moisture content, while moisture content was increased from 45 to 75% with an acrylamide/starch ratio of 0.33. Average conversion was 86.6% (+/- 3.5%), independent of monomer content, at acrylamide/starch ratios of 0.77 and less. Conversion increased to approximately 95% when the acrylamide/starch ratio exceeded unity. Molecular weight of grafted polyacrylamide increased as the acrylamide/starch ratio increased. Graft efficiency was constant at approximately 75% for monomer/starch ratios of 0.77 or less, and decreased to 52.3% as the monomer/starch ratio increased to 1.87. Higher acrylamide/starch ratios gave more frequent grafts of higher molecular weight. As moisture content decreased from 75 to 45%, conversion and graft content increased from 78 and 14% to 97 and 23%, respectively. Lower moisture content gave fewer grafts of higher molecular weight. Ungrafted polyacrylamide homopolymer increased with monomer/starch ratio and moisture content. These results indicate that graft copolymer properties can be controlled through the monomer/starch ratio and moisture content during reactive extrusion. C1 USDA, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Willett, JL (reprint author), USDA, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM willetjl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 19 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 19 PY 2005 VL 206 IS 16 BP 1648 EP 1652 DI 10.1002/macp.200500157 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 962TA UT WOS:000231754100006 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS Duckett, CN AF Konstantinov, AS Duckett, CN TI New species of Clavicornaltica Scherer (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) from continental Asia SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; Clavicornaltica; new species; female genitalia; China; Vietnam ID FLEA BEETLES; ALTICINAE; EVOLUTION; GENUS AB Four new species of Clavicornaltica Scherer are described and illustrated, of which two are from China (C. dali new species and C. longsheng new species) and two are from Vietnam (C. tamdao new species and C. vietnamensis new species). The wing and metathorax are described and illustrated for the genus for the first time. A key to the newly described species is presented. Male genitalia of Clavicornaltica australis Konstantinov are illustrated for the first time. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,USDA, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,USDA, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM akonstan@sel.barc.usda.gov; duckettc@si.edu NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 19 PY 2005 IS 1037 BP 49 EP 64 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 956HG UT WOS:000231290200005 ER PT J AU Offeman, RD Stephenson, SK Robertson, GH Orts, WJ AF Offeman, RD Stephenson, SK Robertson, GH Orts, WJ TI Solvent extraction of ethanol from aqueous solutions. I. Screening methodology for solvents SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA; WATER; FERMENTATION; RECOVERY AB The evaluation of the potential for separation of aqueous ethanol mixtures by liquid-liquid solvent extraction has been complicated by inconsistent results and differing experimental methodologies among researchers developing distribution coefficient data. A screening method for measuring equilibrium distribution coefficients for solvent extraction of ethanol from dilute aqueous solutions is presented to minimize potential sources of variation. These include entrainment, incomplete equilibration, impurities, and temperature changes during the preparation of samples for analysis. Multiple literature sources of data exist for each of 10 solvents. Results for these 10 solvents are compared among sources and to results generated from this method. The method also has general utility for the screening of solvents for extraction of other useful fermentation products. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Offeman, RD (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM roffeman@pw.usda.gov NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 17 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 17 BP 6789 EP 6796 DI 10.1021/ie0500319 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 954WO UT WOS:000231186200032 ER PT J AU Offeman, RD Stephenson, SK Robertson, GH Orts, WJ AF Offeman, RD Stephenson, SK Robertson, GH Orts, WJ TI Solvent extraction of ethanol from aqueous solutions. II. Linear, branched, and ring-containing alcohol solvents SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA; IN-SITU EXTRACTION; CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION; PRODUCT RECOVERY; THERMODYNAMICS; SELECTION; MIXTURES; WATER AB Distribution coefficients have been measured for the partitioning of ethanol and water from aqueous mixtures into 57 different alcohol solvents. The study has focused on the effects of systematic variations in chemical structure of the alcohols. Factors found to be important include chain length and hydroxyl position for the x-alcohols (i.e., 1-heptanol through 1-dodecanol, 2-heptanol through 2-undecanol, etc.), branch structure (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, etc.) for a branch located on the hydroxyl carbon, location of the branch relative to the hydroxyl carbon, and multiple branching. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Offeman, RD (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM roffeman@pw.usda.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 17 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 17 BP 6797 EP 6803 DI 10.1021/ie0500321 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 954WO UT WOS:000231186200033 ER PT J AU Krasnov, A Koskinen, H Rexroad, C Afanasyev, S Molsa, H Oikari, A AF Krasnov, A Koskinen, H Rexroad, C Afanasyev, S Molsa, H Oikari, A TI Transcriptome responses to carbon tetrachloride and pyrene in the kidney and liver of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rainbow trout; pyrene; carbon tetrachloride; liver; kidney; microarray ID GENE-EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PROTEIN; STRESS; RAT; METALLOPROTEINASES; MECHANISMS; APOPTOSIS; RECEPTOR; DATABASE AB We report the effects of the hepatotoxic compound carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and pyrene, a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, on the transcriptomes of juvenile rainbow trout kidneys and livers. Fish were exposed to sublethal doses for 4 days and expression of 1273 genes was measured using a cDNA microarray. Efforts were focused on differentiating between unspecific responses and those that can be regarded as molecular signatures of CCl4 and pyrene toxicities. Expression profiles were analyzed in terms of Gene Ontology categories. Universal reactions to chemical toxicity were observed in metallothionein, HSP90 and mitochondrial proteins of oxidative phosphorylation, which were induced in both tissues. Several genes showed similar responses to both compounds in either kidney or liver; most of the effects are implicated in hematopoiesis and immune response. Stimulation of mitochondrial and heat shock proteins was greater in the liver than in the kidney, whereas genes involved in transcription, humoral immune response and apoptosis were suppressed. Pyrene and CCl4 caused opposite effects on expression of several genes, including HSP-27, macrophage receptor Marco, metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP13), and delta-6 fatty acid desaturase. Pyrene affected mainly genes implicated in the maintenance of the genetic apparatus, immune response, glycolysis, and iron homeostasis. CCl4 affected the structural proteins and genes involved in cellular stress, protein folding, and steroid metabolism. Overall, pyrene suppressed a range of protective or acclimative reactions, many of which were stimulated with CCl4. Additionally, gene profiling analyses indicated adaptive and potentially maladaptive reactions to toxicity. For instance, stimulation of mitochondrial proteins coincided with suppression of catalase, whereas CCl4 down-regulated fatty acid metabolism and peroxisomal proteins. A number of candidate biomarkers for ecotoxicological risk assessment were identified as our understanding of mechanisms of pyrene and CCl4 toxicities in rainbow trout increased. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kuopio, Inst Appl Biotechnol, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. IM Sechenov Evolutionary Physiol & Biochem Inst, St Petersburg 194223, Russia. Univ Jyvaskyla, Div Environm Sci, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Krasnov, A (reprint author), Univ Kuopio, Inst Appl Biotechnol, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. EM krasnov@uku.fi RI Krasnov, Aleksei/D-3065-2012; Afanasyev, Sergey/K-9309-2015 OI Afanasyev, Sergey/0000-0002-8393-820X NR 41 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1 BP 70 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.04.009 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 952XQ UT WOS:000231039800006 PM 15963578 ER PT J AU Brousseau, ME AF Brousseau, ME TI Emerging role of high-density lipoprotein in the prevention of cardiovascular disease SO DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY LA English DT Review ID ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; AMPHIPATHIC HELICAL PEPTIDES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CASSETTE TRANSPORTER 1; TANGIER-DISEASE; CELLULAR CHOLESTEROL; MIMETIC PEPTIDES; HDL CHOLESTEROL; HEART-DISEASE AB In major statin trials, the relative risk reduction is typically in the range 25-35%, thus indicating that the majority of cardiac events continues to occur despite statin therapy. Hence, there is a considerable interest in identifying novel therapies capable of further reducing cardiovascular disease risk. One such potential therapeutic target is a low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Emerging targets involved in HDL metabolism are: (i) liver X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists; (ii) cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors; (iii) HDL mimetics (ETC-216); (iv) apolipoprotein A-I synthetic peptides; and (v) HDL delipidation and reinfusion. Although they are at various stages of development, each of these therapies has promise for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in humans. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jm HUman Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Brousseau, ME (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jm HUman Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM margaret.brousseau@tufts.edu NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-6446 J9 DRUG DISCOV TODAY JI Drug Discov. Today PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 10 IS 16 BP 1095 EP 1101 AR PII S1359-6446(05)03514-2 DI 10.1016/S1359-6446(05)03514-2 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 952SO UT WOS:000231026000007 PM 16182194 ER PT J AU Shin, EW Karthikeyan, KG Tshabalala, MA AF Shin, EW Karthikeyan, KG Tshabalala, MA TI Orthophosphate sorption onto lanthanum-treated lignocellulosic sorbents SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARSENATE ADSORPTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; METAL-IONS; REMOVAL; IRON; PHOSPHATE; KINETICS; OXIDES; WATER; PRECIPITATION AB Inorganic/organic hybrid adsorbents for removing orthophosphate from water were prepared by lanthanum (La) treatment of bark fiber, a lignocellulosic material obtained from juniper (Juniperus monosperma). The La was anchored to the juniper bark (JB) fiber by ion exchange with Ca in the bark and was responsible for removing orthophosphate. Two La concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 M) were used that resulted in loadings of 0.198 (La/JB01) and 0.302 (La/JB02) mmol of La g(-1) of fiber, respectively. At circumneutral pH conditions, La exhibited a strong affinity for bark, but significant La desorption occurred under acidic conditions (pH < 4.5). For La/JB02, 86% of the initial La loading was released at PH 2.5, and only 0.1% at PH 7.3. Initial La loading in the bark fiber significantly influenced its orthophosphate sorption capacity, which was determined for La/JB01 and La/JB02, respectively, to be 0.188 and 0.233 mmol of P g(-1) (sorption envelopes) and 0.211 and 0.351 mmol of P g(-1) (sorption isotherms when surface site saturation occurred). The P-to-La molar ratio on the bark surface was extremely high (0.12-1.77 for La/JB01 and 0.13-2.58 for La/JB02), implying that orthophosphate removal occurred by other mechanisms in addition to surface complexation. From the orthophosphate surface loading levels and the shape of the sorption isotherms, it appears that adsorption occurred at low sorbate-to-sorbent (P-to-La-treated JB) ratios and transitioned to surface precipitation at higher ratios. When surface precipitation occurred, orthophosphate uptake continued to increase with increasing initial P levels. Results from X-ray diffraction and infrared spectrometric analyses are also suggestive of the occurrence of surface precipitation during the interaction of orthophosphate with La-treated lignocellulosic materials. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Ulsan, Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Karthikeyan, KG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kkarthikeyan@wisc.edu NR 39 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 16 BP 6273 EP 6279 DI 10.1021/es048018n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 955CR UT WOS:000231203100052 PM 16173592 ER PT J AU Shearman, AM Demissie, S Cupples, LA Peter, I Schmid, CH Ordovas, JM Mendelsohn, ME Housman, DE AF Shearman, AM Demissie, S Cupples, LA Peter, I Schmid, CH Ordovas, JM Mendelsohn, ME Housman, DE TI Tobacco smoking, estrogen receptor alpha gene variation and small low density lipoprotein level SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HORMONE-REPLACEMENT THERAPY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; HEPATIC LIPASE GENE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ASSOCIATION; POLYMORPHISMS; TRANSCRIPTION; ANXIETY AB High levels of small low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Both estrogens and smoking, with known anti-estrogenic effects, alter the atherogenic lipid profile. We tested for a role of interaction between smoking and estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) variation in association with plasma concentration of atherogenic small LDL particles and LDL particle size. We studied 1727 unrelated subjects, 854 women and 873 men, mean age 51 years (SD 10), from the population-based Framingham Heart Study. After covariate adjustment, women who smoked and had the common ESR1 c.454-397 TT genotype (in 30% of women, T was present on both chromosomes at position 397 prior to the start of exon 2) had >11.7-fold higher levels of small LDL particles than women with the alternative genotypes (P-value for smoking-genotype interaction was 0.001). Similar results were obtained for three other ESR1 variants including c.454-351A>G, in the same linkage disequilibrium block. A similar substantial gender-specific result was also evident with a fifth variant, in a separate linkage disequilibrium block, in exon 4 (P = 0.003). Women who smoked and had specific, common ESR1 genotypes had a substantially higher plasma concentration of atherogenic small LDL particles. Significant results revealed a dose-dependent effect of smoking and were evident in both pre- and postmenopausal women. The reported association has the potential to explain the risks associated with estrogen use in certain women and a recent report of association between an ESR1 haplotype comprised of c.454-397 T and c.454-351 A alleles with increased myocardial infarction and ischaemic heart disease, independent of the standard, established cardiovascular risk factors. C1 MIT, Ctr Canc Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Mol Cardiol Res Inst, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Biostat Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Shearman, AM (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Canc Res, E17-536, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM shearman@mit.edu OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25195, P50 HL63494, HL54776] NR 51 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 14 IS 16 BP 2405 EP 2413 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddi242 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 957RJ UT WOS:000231390700010 PM 16014638 ER PT J AU Barone, JR Schmidt, WF Liebner, CFE AF Barone, JR Schmidt, WF Liebner, CFE TI Thermally processed keratin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biopolymers; proteins; mechanical properties; differential scanning calorimetry; NMR ID CARBOXYMETHYLATED FEATHER KERATINS; SUNFLOWER PROTEIN ISOLATE; WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; WHEAT GLUTEN FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ZEIN FILMS; BIODEGRADABLE FILMS; YOUNGS-MODULUS; PLASTICIZERS AB Keratin obtained from poultry feathers was modified with glycerol, which acted as a plasticizer. Films were prepared by pressing the modified keratin at temperatures concurrent with typical polymer processing temperatures. The films were completely cohesive as opposed to partially cohesive if pressed under the same conditions without glycerol. The films were "tough" and the mechanical properties show similarities to the properties of commercially available commodity thermoplastics. The keratin films were produced in a few minutes without reducing or oxidizing agents. The keratin films could have potential applications for which environmentally friendly materials are needed, such as food packaging or mulching films. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, ANRI, EQL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barone, JR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ANRI, EQL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM baronej@ba.usda.gov NR 43 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1644 EP 1651 DI 10.1002/app.21901 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 942DD UT WOS:000230262200028 ER PT J AU Zhao, AP Morimoto, M Dawson, H Elfrey, JE Madden, KB Gause, WC Min, B Finkelman, FA Urban, JF Shea-Donohue, T AF Zhao, AP Morimoto, M Dawson, H Elfrey, JE Madden, KB Gause, WC Min, B Finkelman, FA Urban, JF Shea-Donohue, T TI Immune regulation of protease-activated receptor-1 expression in murine small intestine during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE; THROMBIN; RESPONSES; CELLS; STAT6; IL-13; INTERLEUKIN-13; INFLAMMATION; PARASITISM; SECRETION AB Infection with gastrointestinal nematodes exerts profound effects on both immune and physiological responses of the host. Helminth infection induces a hypercontractility of intestinal smooth muscle that is dependent on the Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, and may contribute to worm expulsion. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are expressed throughout the gut, and activation of PAR-1 was observed in asthma, a Th2-driven pathology. In the current study we investigated the physiologic and immunologic regulation of PAR-I in the murine small intestine, specifically 1) the effect of PAR-1 agonists on small intestinal smooth muscle contractility, 2) the effects of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection on PAR-1 responses, 3) the roles of IL-13 and IL-4 in N. brasiliensis infection-induced alterations in PAR-I responses, and 4) the STAT6 dependence of these responses. We demonstrate that PAR-I activation induces contraction of murine intestinal smooth muscle that is enhanced during helminth infection. This hypercontractility is associated with an elevated expression of PAR-I mRNA and protein. N. brasiliensis-induced changes in PAR-1 function and expression were seen in IL-4-deficient mice, but not in IL-13- or STAT6-deficient mice, indicating the dependence of IL-13 on the STAT6 signaling pathway independent of IL-4. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USDA ARS, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Cincinnati Vet Adm Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM tdonohue@mbrc.umaryl.edu RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI031678-12, R01 AI031678, R01 AI031678-06, R01 AI031678-07, R01 AI031678-08, R01 AI031678-09, R01 AI031678-10, R01 AI031678-11, R01 AI049316, R01 AI052099, R01AI/DK49316, R01AI052099, R01AI35987]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK049316] NR 32 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 175 IS 4 BP 2563 EP 2569 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 966HJ UT WOS:000232010400067 PM 16081830 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Luo, YG Tao, Y Saftner, RA Gross, KC AF Kim, JG Luo, YG Tao, Y Saftner, RA Gross, KC TI Effect of initial oxygen concentration and film oxygen transmission rate on the quality of fresh-cut romaine lettuce SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE fresh-cut lettuce; gas composition; minimally processed; modified atmosphere; oxygen transmission rate; postharvest technology; respiration rate ID LIGHTLY PROCESSED FRUITS; MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGES; ICEBERG LETTUCE; VEGETABLES; PHYSIOLOGY; PRODUCTS; DESIGN; SLICES AB Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is widely used to maintain the quality of fresh-cut produce by matching the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the packaging film to the respiration rate of the packaged product. The effect of the interaction between film OTR and the initial headspace O-2 on quality of fresh-cut vegetables has not previously been reported. Romaine lettuce leaves were sliced, washed, dried and packaged with film OTRs of 8.0 and 16.6 pmol s(-1) m(-2) Pa-1, and with initial headspace O-2 of 0, 1, 2.5, 10 and 21 kPa. Packages were hermetically sealed and stored at 5 degrees C for up to 14 days. For samples packaged in 16.6 OTR film, increasing the initial headspace O-2 concentration delayed O-2 depletion within the packages, hastened the onset and increased the intensity of discoloration, and inhibited the development of CO2 injury, acetaldehyde and ethanol accumulation, off-odors and electrolyte leakage. With 8.0 OTR-packaged lettuce pieces, 51 kPa initial headspace O-2 treatments induced an essentially anaerobic environment within the packages and increased acetaldehyde and ethanol accumulation and off-odor development. Increasing the initial O-2 concentration above 1 kPa in 8.0 OTR packages transiently increased O-2 concentrations and reduced fermentative volatile production, off-odors, electrolyte leakage and CO2 injury. Regardless of initial headspace O-2 concentration, all 16.6 OTR-packaged samples had severe discoloration after 14 days of storage. Quality was better maintained in 8.0 OTR-packaged lettuce pieces as the initial headspace 02 concentration was increased. A 21 kPa initial 02 treatment of 8.0 OTR-packaged lettuce maintained good quality throughout storage and had the best overall quality score. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, PQSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), USDA ARS, PQSL, Bldg 002,Rm 117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luoy@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1622 EP 1630 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2158 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 945II UT WOS:000230495800004 ER PT J AU Healey, SP Cohen, WB Yang, ZQ Krankina, ON AF Healey, SP Cohen, WB Yang, ZQ Krankina, ON TI Comparison of Tasseled Cap-based Landsat data structures for use in forest disturbance detection SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance; Landsat; change detection; Tasseled Cap; Disturbance Index ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; TM DATA; IMAGERY; ATTRIBUTES AB Landsat satellite data has become ubiquitous in regional-scale forest disturbance detection. The Tasseled Cap (TC) transformation for Landsat data has been used in several disturbance-mapping projects because of its ability to highlight relevant vegetation changes. We used an automated composite analysis procedure to test four multi-date variants of the TC transformation (called "data structures" here) in their ability to facilitate identification of stand-replacing disturbance. Data structures tested included one with all three TC indices (brightness, greenness, wetness), one with just brightness and greenness, one with just wetness, and one called the Disturbance Index (DI) which is a novel combination of the three TC indices. Data structures were tested in the St. Petersburg region of Russia and in two ecologically distinct regions of Washington State in the US. In almost all cases, the TC variants produced more accurate change classifications than multi-date stacks of the original Landsat reflectance data. In general, there was little overall difference between the TC-derived data structures. However, DI performed better than the others at the Russian study area, where slower succession rates likely produce the most durable disturbance signal. Also, at the highly productive western Washington site, where the disturbance signal is likely the most ephemeral, DI and wetness performed worse than the larger data structures when a longer monitoring interval was used (eight years between image acquisitions instead of four). This suggests that both local forest recovery rates and the re-sampling interval should be considered in choosing a Landsat transformation for use in stand-replacing disturbance detection. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Healey, SP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM seanhealey@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 195 Z9 212 U1 6 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 959CV UT WOS:000231495400003 ER PT J AU Poliakov, E Gentleman, S Cunningham, FX Miller-Ihli, NJ Redmond, TM AF Poliakov, E Gentleman, S Cunningham, FX Miller-Ihli, NJ Redmond, TM TI Key role of conserved histidines in recombinant mouse beta-carotene 15,15 '-monooxygenase-1 activity SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-PAUCIMOBILIS TMY1009; LIGNOSTILBENE-ALPHA,BETA-DIOXYGENASE GENE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; ENZYMATIC CLEAVAGE; OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE; ENZYMES; EXPRESSION; CLONING; 15,15'-DIOXYGENASE; IDENTIFICATION AB Alignment of sequences of vertebrate beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase-1 (BCMO1) and related oxygenases revealed four perfectly conserved histidines and five acidic residues (His(172), His(237), His(308), His(514), Asp(52), Glu(140), Glu(314), Glu(405), and Glu(457) in mouse BCMO1). Because BCMO1 activity is iron-dependent, we propose that these residues participate in iron coordination and therefore are essential for catalytic activity. To test this hypothesis, we produced mutant forms of mouse BCMO1 by replacing the conserved histidines and acidic residues as well as four histidines and one glutamate nonconserved in the overall family with alanines by site-directed mutagenesis. Our in vitro and in vivo data showed that mutation of any of the four conserved histidines and Glu405 caused total loss of activity. However, mutations of non-conserved histidines or any of the other conserved acidic residues produced impaired although enzymatically active proteins, with a decrease in activity mostly due to changes in V-max. The iron bound to protein was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bound iron was much lower in preparations of inactive mutants than in the wild-type protein. Therefore, the conserved histidines and Glu405 are absolutely required for the catalytic mechanism of BCMO1. Because the mutant proteins are impaired in iron binding, these residues are concluded to coordinate iron required for catalytic activity. These data are discussed in the context of the predicted structure for the related eubacterial apocarotenal oxygenase. C1 NEI, LRCMB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Redmond, TM (reprint author), NEI, LRCMB, NIH, Bldg 7,Rm 303,7 Mem Dr,MSC 0706, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Redmond@helix.nih.gov OI Redmond, T. Michael/0000-0002-1813-5291 NR 37 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 12 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 32 BP 29217 EP 29223 DI 10.1074/jbc.M500409200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 952QT UT WOS:000231021300050 PM 15951442 ER PT J AU Gustafson, LL Ellis, SK Bartlett, CA AF Gustafson, LL Ellis, SK Bartlett, CA TI Using expert opinion to identify risk factors important to infectious salmon-anemia (ISA) outbreaks on salmon farms in Maine, USA and New Brunswick, Canada SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Salmo salar; infectious salmon-anemia; epidemiology; aquaculture; subjective probability estimation ID HEMORRHAGIC KIDNEY SYNDROME; ATLANTIC SALMON; VIRUS; SALAR; TRANSMISSION; ISOLATE; MODELS AB Thirty industry or regulatory professionals, with extensive experience in the local infectious salmon-anemia (ISA) epidemic, were queried on their opinions regarding the spread and impact of ISA in Maine, USA and New Brunswick, Canada. Subjective probability-estimation techniques were used to elicit likelihood ratios (LR) for risk factors of potential relevance to the epidemic. Experts were asked to answer questions based on their direct and local experience with ISA, rather than through knowledge gained from scientific references or experience in other regions. The results found the strongest independent predictors of ISA infection to include (1) a site's proximity to other farms with clinically infected fish, (2) a previous history of ISA on the site, (3) whether a site fallows for a month or more between year classes and (4) whether the site employs harvest vessels practicing full containment of blood and stun water. The strongest predictors of ISA severity included (1) stocking density, (2) the length of time between infection and removal of infected fish, (3) whether fish are moved between pens (after infection) and (4) a farm's sea-lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) status. Experts believed that transmission of ISA virus during the local epidemic was influenced by proximity (spatial and temporal) to activities resulting in large-scale shedding of virus into a shared water column, and that severity of infection corresponded more to infected-fish removal practices and certain husbandry decisions. Personnel and equipment biosecurity measures were not seen as strong predictors of either infection or severity in this analysis, though their perceived level of importance was greater among government than industry experts. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Marine Technol Ctr, Eastport, ME 04631 USA. Marine Technol Ctr, Marine Sea Grant Program, E Chicago, IN 46312 USA. RP Gustafson, LL (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Marine Technol Ctr, 16 Deep Cove Rd, Eastport, ME 04631 USA. EM lori.l.gustafson@aphis.usda.gov NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD AUG 12 PY 2005 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.02.012 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 943RF UT WOS:000230371100002 PM 15967239 ER PT J AU Zhang, LJ Gove, JH Heath, LS AF Zhang, LJ Gove, JH Heath, LS TI Spatial residual analysis of six modeling techniques SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE spatial autocorrelation; local indicator of spatial autocorrelation (LISA); ordinary least squares (OLS); linear mixed model (LMM); generalized additive model (GAM); multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network; radial basis function (RBF) neural network; geographically weighted regression (GWR) ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; NEURAL-NETWORKS; TREE GROWTH; AUTOCORRELATION; REGRESSION; ASSOCIATION; PREDICTION; ECOLOGY AB In recent years alternative modeling techniques have been used to account for spatial autocorrelations among data observations. They include linear mixed model (LMM), generalized additive model (GAM), multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network, radial basis function (RBF) neural network, and geographically weighted regression (GWR). Previous studies show these models are robust to the violation of model assumptions and flexible to nonlinear relationships among variables. However, many of them are non-spatial in nature. In this study, we utilize a local spatial analysis method (i.e., local Moran coefficient) to investigate spatial distribution and heterogeneity in model residuals from those modeling techniques with ordinary least-squares (OLS) as the benchmark. The regression model used in this study has tree crown area as the response variable, and tree diameter and the coordinates of tree locations as the predictor variables. The results indicate that LMM, GAM, MLP and RBF may improve model fitting to the data and provide better predictions for the response variable, but they generate spatial patterns for model residuals similar to OLS. The OLS, LMM, GAM, MLP and RBF models yield more residual clusters of similar values, indicating that trees in some sub-areas are either all underestimated or all overestimated for the response variable. In contrast, GWR estimates model coefficients at each location in the study area, and produces more accurate predictions for the response variable. Furthermore, the residuals of the GWR model have more desirable spatial distributions than the ones derived from the OLS, LMM, GAM, MLP and RBF models. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDA, Forest Serv NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Zhang, LJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Forest & Nat Resources Management, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM lizhang@esf.edu; jgove@fs.fed.us; Lheath@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 69 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 186 IS 2 BP 154 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.007 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 947IJ UT WOS:000230636400002 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Bell, AA Jacobs, J AF Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Bell, AA Jacobs, J TI Occurrence of (+)- and (-)-gossypol in wild species of cotton and in Gossypium hirsutum Var. marie-galante (Watt) Hutchinson SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cotton; (+)-gossypol; (-)-gossypol; Gossypium; wild cotton species; G. hirsutum var. marie-galante ID CELL-LINES; ENANTIOMER RATIO; (+/-)-GOSSYPOL; DEHYDROGENASE; GOSSYPOLONE; FERTILITY AB Gossypol occurs as a mixture of enantiomers in cottonseed. These enantiomers exhibit different biological activities. The (-)-enantiomer is toxic to animals, but it has potential medicinal uses. Therefore, cottonseed with > 95% (-)-gossypol could have biopharmaceutical applications. The 1:+)-enantiomer shows little, if any, toxicity to nonruminant animals. Thus, cottonseed with > 95% (+)-gossypol could be more readily utilized as a feed for nonruminants. The (+)- to (-)-gossypol ratio in commercial Upland (Gossypium hirstitum) cottonseed is usually about 3:2, whereas that in commercial Pima cottonseed (Gossypium barbadense) is approximately 2:3. Herein are reported the (+)- to (-)-gossypol ratios in the seed from 28 wild species of cotton (194 accessions), 94 accessions of G. hirsutum var. marie-galante, and 3 domesticated species (11 accessions). It was found that some or all of the accessions of Gossypium darwinii, Gossypium sturtianum, Gossypium areysianum, Gossypium longicalyx, Gossypium harknessii, and Gossypium costulatum, produce an excess of (-)-gossypol but none > 65%. At least one accession of Gossypium anomalum, Gossypium mustelinum, Gossypium gossypioides, and Gossypium capids-viridis contained > 94% (+)-gossypol. One of the 94 accessions of G. hirsutum var. marie-galante (i.e,, no. 2469) contained 97% (+)-gossypol. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Bayer Biosci NV, Cotton Res, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rdstip@cpru.usda.gov NR 29 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 16 BP 6266 EP 6271 DI 10.1021/jf050702d PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 953AF UT WOS:000231047100015 PM 16076104 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Romero, Y Acevedo, L Sanchez, MD Shier, WT Abbas, HK Mata, R AF Hernandez-Romero, Y Acevedo, L Sanchez, MD Shier, WT Abbas, HK Mata, R TI Phytotoxic activity of bibenzyl derivatives from the orchid Epidendrum rigidum SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Epidendrum rigidum; orchidaceae; bibenzyls; phenantrenes; stilbenoids; phytotoxicity; cytotoxicity; Lemna pausicostata; duckweed; Amaranthus hypochondriacus; gigantol; batatsin III ID STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; SCAPHYGLOTTIS-LIVIDA; NIDEMA-BOOTHII; TOXIN AAL; CONSTITUENTS; STILBENOIDS; FLAVONOIDS; GLUCOSIDE; PLANTS AB A whole plant chloroform-methanol extract of the orchid Epidendrum rigidum inhibited radicle growth of Amaranthus hypochondriacus seedlings (IC50 = 300,mu g/mL). Bioassay-guided fractionation furnished four phytotoxins, namely, gigantol (1), batatasin 111 (2), 2,3-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenathrene-4,7-diol (9),: and 3,4,9-trimethoxyphenanthrene-2,5-diol (11), along with the known flavonoids apigenin, vitexin, and isovetin and the triterterpenoids 24,24-dimethyl-9,19-cyclolanostane-25-en-3 beta-ol (14) and 24-methyl-9,19-cyclolanostane-25-en-3 beta-ol (15). Stilbenoids 1, 2, 9, and 11 inhibited radicle growth of A. hypochondriacus with IC50 values of 0.65, 0.1, 0,12, and 5.9 mu M, respectively. Foliar application of gigantol (1) at 1 mu M to 4 week old seedlings of A. hypochondriacus reduced shoot elongation by 69% and fresh weight accumulation by 54%. Bibenzyls 1 and 2, as well as synthetic analogues 4'-hydroxy-3,3',5-trimethoxybibenzyl (3), 3,3',4',5-tetramethoxybibenzyl (4), 3,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-bibenzyl (5), 3'-O-methylbatatasin 111 (6), 3,3',5-trihydroxybibenzyl (7), and 3,4',5-trihydroxybibenzyl (8), were tested for phytotoxicity in axenic cultures of the small aquatic plant Lemna pausicostata. All bibenzyls derivatives except 7 and 8 inhibited growth and increased cellular leakage with IC50 values of 89.9-180 and 89.9-166 mu M, respectively. The natural and synthetic bibenzyls showed marginal cytotoxicity on animal cells. The results suggest that orchid bibenzyls may be good lead compounds for the development of novel herbicidal agents. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farmaceut, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM habbas@ars.usda.gov; rachel@servidor.unam.mx RI PEREZ, ARACELI/D-8668-2012; Mata, Rachel/I-4435-2014 OI Mata, Rachel/0000-0002-2861-2768 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 16 BP 6276 EP 6280 DI 10.1021/jf0508044 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 953AF UT WOS:000231047100017 PM 16076106 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Monge, A AF Eggleston, G Monge, A TI Minimization of seasonal sucrose losses across Robert's-type evaporators in raw sugar manufacture by pH optimization SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Robert's-type evaporators; sugarcane processing; sucrose losses; factory target pH values AB Factory staff must consider all costs to make sound economic decisions on how to improve the performance of evaporators, which includes knowing optimum pH levels to minimize sucrose losses. A factory study was conducted to determine the effects of target final evaporator syrup (FES) pH values across the season on sucrose losses. The factory operated Robert's type calandria evaporators, with two (2787 and 2322 m(2)) preevaporators in parallel and three sets of triple-body evaporators (11148 m(2) each) in parallel; R-t values were 11.4 and 9,5 min in the two preevaporators, respectively, and increased from 10.0 to 21.8 min across the triple bodies. Gas chromatography was used to determine sucrose losses as Delta%glucose/%sucrose ratios on a degrees Brix basis, Most sucrose losses to acid hydrolysis occurred in the preevaporators. Increasing the target pH of the FES or clarified juice (CJ) systematically reduced losses of sucrose; however, scaling effects overrode pH effects in later bodies. Seasonal effects on evaporator sucrose losses were dramatic. In the early season when cane quality was lowest, higher amounts of impurities catalyzed further hydrolysis of sucrose. In the late season, resilient scale built-up across the season contributed to higher hydrolysis. An optimum target FES pH of similar to 6.3-6.5 measured at room temperature (equivalent to a CJ pH of similar to 7.1 -7.3) is recommended,: with a higher target FES pH in the early season or when processing immature cane, to reduce excessive losses. Across the evaporation station, the juice/syrup pH decreased up to the 2nd body with a consistent increase in the 3rd body due to evaporation of volatile acids into the condensate. Equations to assess the economic implications of evaporator sucrose losses are described. A target FES pH of 5.9 caused a season average sucrose loss of 0.55% equivalent to 1.52 lbs sucrose lost/ton of cane and a minimum U.S. $390400 loss in profits, In contrast, a target FES pH of 6.5 reduced this sucrose loss to 0.36% and 1.01 lbs sucrose lost/ton of cane and saved the factory a minimum of U.S. $131100. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Cora Texas Mfg Co Res, White Castle, LA 70788 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 16 BP 6332 EP 6339 DI 10.1021/jf058019e PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 953AF UT WOS:000231047100026 PM 16076115 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Bennett, JO Kim, WS Krishnan, AH Mawhinney, TP AF Krishnan, HB Bennett, JO Kim, WS Krishnan, AH Mawhinney, TP TI Nitrogen lowers the sulfur amino acid content of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) by regulating the accumulation of Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Glycine; Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor; nitrogen; protein quality; sulfur amino acids ID SEED STORAGE PROTEINS; ACETYL-L-SERINE; SULFATE ASSIMILATION; CYSTEINE BIOSYNTHESIS; BETA-CONGLYCININ; EXPRESSION; PLANTS; METABOLISM; METHIONINE; TRANSPORT AB Soybeans in general contain 35-40% protein. Efforts are underway to increase further this protein content, thus enhancing their nutritive value. Even though higher protein is a desirable characteristic, whether such an increase will be accompanied by enhanced protein quality is not known. Soybean protein quality could be significantly improved by increasing the concentration of the sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine. To ascertain if a correlation existed between protein quantity and quality, a comparison of the amino acids of soybeans differing in protein content was made. Soybeans with higher protein content had a significantly lower percentage of sulfur amino acids, while those with lower protein exhibited a higher content of cysteine and methionine. Nitrogen application elevated the protein content but lowered that of the sulfur amino acids. Transmission electron microscopy examination of thin sections of low protein soybean seeds revealed several protein storage vacuoles that were partially filled with storage proteins. Fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis of soybean seed proteins revealed that nitrogen application favored the accumulation of the beta-subunit of beta-conglycinin while decreasing the accumulation of Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI), a protein rich in cysteine. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 60% 2-propanol-extracted proteins showed a drastic reduction in the accumulation of BBI with increasing protein content. Northern blot analysis indicated that nitrogen had a negative influence on the expression of the BBI gene. Our results indicate that the negative correlation between total protein and sulfur amino acid content is mostly mediated by the differential accumulation of BBI. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 16 BP 6347 EP 6354 DI 10.1021/jf050510i PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 953AF UT WOS:000231047100028 PM 16076117 ER PT J AU Kurilich, AC Clevidence, BA Britz, SJ Simon, PW Novotny, JA AF Kurilich, AC Clevidence, BA Britz, SJ Simon, PW Novotny, JA TI Plasma and urine responses are lower for acylated vs nonacylated anthocyanins from raw and cooked purple carrots SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin; bioavailability; absorption; carrot (Daucus carota) ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; BETA-CAROTENE; RED WINE; COLOR STABILITY; ELDERLY WOMEN; SWEET-POTATO; CANCER-CELLS; FOOD MATRIX; GRAPE JUICE; HUMANS AB The bioavailability of acylated vs nonacylated anthocyanins and the effect of cooking and dose on the comparative bioavailability were investigated in a clinical feeding study using purple carrots as the anthocyanin source. Treatments were purple carrots as follows: 250 g raw (463 mu mol of anthocyanins: 400 mu mol acylated, 63 mu mol nonacylated), 250 g cooked (357 mu mol of anthocyanins: 308.5 mu mol acylated, 48.5 mu mol nonacylated), and 500 g cooked (714 mu mol of anthocyanins: 617 mu mol acylated, 97 mu mol nonacylated). Four of the five carrot anthocyanins were found intact in plasma by 30 min after carrot consumption and peaked between 1.5 and 2.5 h. Acylation of anthocyanins resulted in an 11-14-fold decrease in anthocyanin recovery in urine and an 8-10-fold decrease in anthocyanin recovery in plasma. Cooking increased the recovery of nonacylated anthocyanins but not acylated anthocyanins. Large dose size significantly reduced recovery of both acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins, suggesting saturation of absorption mechanisms. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crop Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM novotnyj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 16 BP 6537 EP 6542 DI 10.1021/jf050570o PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 953AF UT WOS:000231047100057 PM 16076146 ER PT J AU dos Santos, CBD de Carvalho, ACFB Ragozo, AMA Soares, RM Amaku, M Yai, LEO Dubey, JP Gennari, SM AF dos Santos, CBD de Carvalho, ACFB Ragozo, AMA Soares, RM Amaku, M Yai, LEO Dubey, JP Gennari, SM TI First isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from finishing pigs from Sao Paulo State, Brazil SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; pigs; genotyping; Brazil; bioassay ID MODIFIED AGGLUTINATION-TEST; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; HIGH PREVALENCE; INFECTION; CATS; SPECIFICITY; CHICKENS; GENOTYPE; DISEASE; SOWS AB Toxoplasma gondii infection is widely prevalent in humans in Brazil. Among the food animals, pigs are considered the most important meat source of T. gondii for infection in humans. In the present study, we report the first isolation of viable T. gondii from finishing pigs in Brazil. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 49 (17%) of 286 pigs prior slaughter using the modified agglutination test (MAT) at a serum dilution of 1:25. Attempts were made to isolate T. gondii from 28 seropositive pigs. Samples of heart, brain, and tongue from each pig were pooled, digested in acid pepsin, and bioassayed in five mice per pig. Viable T. gondii was isolated from seven pigs; all isolates were lethal for mice. Restriction fragment length polymorphism on products of SAG2 locus amplified by PCR revealed that two isolates were Type I and five were Type III. The results indicate that phenotypically and genetically T. gondii isolates from pigs from Brazil are distinct from isolates of T gondii from pigs in the USA. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Med Vet Prevent, Fac Ciencias Agrarias & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Controle Zoonoses Prefeitura Municipio Sao Pa, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Amaku, Marcos/D-5252-2012; Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Soares, Rodrigo/E-8747-2015 OI Amaku, Marcos/0000-0003-4752-6774; Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.039 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 949GY UT WOS:000230774300004 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MC Fetterer, R Schares, G Bjorkman, C Wapenaar, W McAllister, M Dubey, JP AF Jenkins, MC Fetterer, R Schares, G Bjorkman, C Wapenaar, W McAllister, M Dubey, JP TI HPLC purification of recombinant NcGRA6 antigen improves enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of bovine neosporosis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; recombinant protein; serological assays; cattle ID CANINUM INFECTION; SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS; DAIRY-HERD; CATTLE; ELISA; OUTBREAK; PROTEIN; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; ABORTION AB The gene for a dense granule protein (NcGRA6) of Neospora caninum was expressed in Escherichia coli as a His-tag fusion protein and purified by NiNTA affinity chromatography. In a preliminary study, high binding of antibodies from N. caninumnegative cows was observed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using NiNTA-purified NcGRA6. Analysis of NiNTA eluates revealed a significant number of E. coli proteins that co-purified with recombinant NcGRA6. In an attempt to improve the relative sensitivity and specificity of the NcGRA6-based ELISA, the rNcGRA6 eluates were subjected to a secondary purification using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Analysis of RP-HPLC eluates by SDS-PAGE/silver staining revealed the purification of recombinant NcGRA6 from contaminating E. coli proteins. ELISAs using the RP-HPLC purified NcGRA6 (dELISA) or singly purified NcGRA6 (sELISA) for identifying seropositive and seronegative cows in a beef herd experiencing an epidemic outbreak of neosporosis were compared to standard assays based on native tachyzoite protein-immunofluorescence antibody test, immunoblot assay, and ISCOM-ELISA. The relative sensitivity, specificity, and kappa value of the NcGRA6d-ELISA were greatly improved over the NcGRA6s-ELISA when compared to the three native antigen immunoassays. These results indicate that removal of contaminating E. coli proteins improves the performance of recombinant NcGRA6 ELISA in diagnosing bovine neosporosis, and may have applicability to the use of recombinant proteins in diagnosing other infectious agents. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Friedrich Loeffler Inst Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Clin Sci, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, Farm Serv, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mjenkins@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Wapenaar, Wendela/G-4172-2011; McAllister, Milton/C-8146-2013; OI McAllister, Milton/0000-0001-5457-2678; Schares, Gereon/0000-0002-3217-289X NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.005 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 949GY UT WOS:000230774300007 PM 15970387 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE Brauer, DK AF Burke, JM Miller, JE Brauer, DK TI The effectiveness of copper oxide wire particles as an anthelmintic in pregnant ewes and safety to offspring SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper oxide; ewes; Haemonchus contortus; pregnancy ID HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; SHEEP; RESISTANCE; LAMBS; INFECTION; HYPOCUPREMIA; TOXICITY; NEEDLES; LEVEL AB The objective of the experiment was to determine the effectiveness of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) in pregnant ewes and safety to lambs. COWP have been used recently as an anthelmintic in small ruminants to overcome problems associated with nematode resistance to chemical dewormers. Doses of COWP (<= 4 g) have been used in lambs without clinical signs of copper toxicity. Use in pregnant ewes has not been examined. Mature Katahdin ewes were administered 0 (n = 14), 2 (n = 15), or 4 (n = 15) g of COWP 33 +/- 1.6 days before lambing in late March 2004. Fecal egg counts (FEC) and blood packed cell volume (PCV) were determined between Days 0 (day of COWP administration) and 35. Lambs were weighed within 24 It after birth, at 30 and 60 days of age, and in mid-September (similar to 120 days of age). Blood was collected from lambs within 24 It after birth and at 30 days of age for determination of the activity of the liver enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in plasma. Within 7 days after COWP administration, FEC decreased by 1308 and 511 eggs/g (epg) in the 2 and 4 g groups, respectively, compared with an increase of 996 epg in the control group (P < 0.02). PCV was similar among groups between Days 0 and 35. Lamb plasma AST activity at birth increased with increasing dose of COWP in dams (P < 0.001). Plasma AST activity at 30 days of age was similar for lambs from ewes treated with 0 and 2 g COWP, but was slightly greater in lambs from ewes treated with 4 g COWP (P < 0.02). Birth weights decreased with increasing COWP (P < 0.003). By 30 (COWP x birth type, P < 0.02) and 60 (COWP x birth type, P < 0.02) days of age, weight of multiple-born lambs decreased with increasing COWP, while weight of single-born lambs was similar among treatments. In mid-September (similar to 120 days of age) weights of multiple-born lambs from ewes treated with 4 g COWP tended to be lightest compared with lambs from ewes treated with 0 or 2 g COWP or single-born lambs (P < 0.09). Lamb survival to 30, 60, or 120 days of age was not affected by COWP treatment to ewes. Administration of 4 g COWP to late pregnant ewes may negatively impact multiple-born offspring, but the 2 g appears to be safe for production. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 10 PY 2005 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.009 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 949GY UT WOS:000230774300014 PM 15970388 ER PT J AU Arakane, Y Muthukrishnan, S Beeman, RW Kanost, MR Kramer, KJ AF Arakane, Y Muthukrishnan, S Beeman, RW Kanost, MR Kramer, KJ TI Laccase 2 is the phenoloxidase gene required for beetle cuticle tanning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE exoskeleton; sclerotization; pigmentation; Tribolium castaneum; RNA interference ID PRO-PHENOL OXIDASE; INSECT-CUTICLE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; TOBACCO HORNWORM; SCLEROTIZATION; INTEGUMENT; EXPRESSION AB Cuticle tanning (or sclerotization and pigmentation) in invertebrates involves the oxidative conjugation of proteins, which renders them insoluble and hardens and darkens the color of the exoskeleton. Two kinds of phenoloxidases, laccase and tyrosinase, have been proposed to participate in tanning, but proof of the true identity of the enzyme(s) responsible for this process has been elusive. We report the cloning of cDNAs for laccases and tyrosinases from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, as well as their developmental patterns of expression. To test for the involvement of these types of enzymes in cuticle tanning, we performed RNA interference experiments to decrease the levels of individual phenoloxidases. Normal phenotypes were obtained after dsRNA-mediated transcript depletion for all phenoloxidases tested, with the exception of laccase 2. Insects injected with dsRNA for the laccase 2 gene failed to tan, were soft-bodied and deformed, and subsequently died in a dsRNA dose-dependent fashion. The results presented here support the hypothesis that two isoforms of laccase 2 generated by alternative splicing catalyze larval, pupal, and adult cuticle tanning in Tribolium. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arakane, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM arakane@gmprc.ksu.edu; kramer@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 31 TC 159 Z9 171 U1 3 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 9 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 32 BP 11337 EP 11342 DI 10.1073/pnas.0504982102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 955UP UT WOS:000231253400039 PM 16076951 ER PT J AU Cobo, VJ AF Cobo, VJ TI Smoke jumper SO FORTUNE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, Redding, CA USA. RP Cobo, VJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Redding, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIME INC PI NEW YORK PA TIME & LIFE BUILDING ROCKEFELLER CENTER, NEW YORK, NY 10020-1393 USA SN 0015-8259 J9 FORTUNE JI Fortune PD AUG 8 PY 2005 VL 152 IS 3 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 949RN UT WOS:000230805900015 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, MG TI The Plusiinae (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE systematics; All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory; North Carolina; Tennessee; moths AB Seventeen species of Plusiinae have been found in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, in Tennessee and North Carolina, USA. These species are documented with adult images, description, flight period, abundance, elevation range, Park and general distribution, and larval hosts from the literature. Maps illustrate the known distribution of each species within the Park. Sixteen of the 17 species occur above 4,000 feet in elevation. The most diverse locality in the Park has 14 species. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, ARS, USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, ARS, USDA, POB 37012,NMNH,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mpogue@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 8 PY 2005 IS 1032 BP 1 EP 28 PG 28 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 953UX UT WOS:000231107400001 ER PT J AU Hossain, CF Kim, YP Baerson, SR Zhang, L Bruick, RK Mohammed, KA Agarwal, AK Nagle, DG Zhou, YD AF Hossain, CF Kim, YP Baerson, SR Zhang, L Bruick, RK Mohammed, KA Agarwal, AK Nagle, DG Zhou, YD TI Saururus cernuus lignans - Potent small molecule inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; breast cancer; HIF-1 inhibitor; natural product; small molecule; dineolignan; sesquineolignan; manassantin; Saururus cernuus ID DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY; BREAST-TUMOR CELLS; MANASSANTIN-A; GENE-EXPRESSION; HIF-ALPHA; FACTOR-1-ALPHA; CANCER; CHINENSIS; PATHWAY; TRANSCRIPTION AB Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) represents an important tumor-selective therapeutic target for solid tumors. In search of novel small molecule HIF-1 inhibitors, 5400 natural product-rich extracts from plants, marine organisms, and microbes were examined for HIF-1 inhibitory activities using a cell-based reporter assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation, followed by structure elucidation, yielded three potent natural product-derived HIF-1 inhibitors and two structurally related inactive compounds. In a T47D cell-based reporter assay, manassantin B-1, manassantin A, and 4-O-methylsaucerneol inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation with IC50 values of 3, 3, and 20 nM, respectively. All three compounds are relatively hypoxia-specific inhibitors of HIF-1 activation, in comparison to other stimuli. The hypoxic induction of HIF-1 tar.-et genes CDKN1A, VEGF, and GLUT-1 were also inhibited. These compounds inhibit HIF-1 by blocking hypoxia-induced nuclear HIF-1 alpha protein accumulation without affecting HIF-1 alpha mRNA levels. In addition, preliminary structure-activity Studies suggest specific structural requirements for this class of HIF-1 inhibitors. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Nagle, DG (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. EM dnagle@olemiss.edu; ydzhou@olemiss.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R56 CA098787, R01 CA098787-01A2, CA-95471, P01 CA095471, CA-98787-01, R01 CA098787-02, R01 CA098787] NR 43 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 5 PY 2005 VL 333 IS 3 BP 1026 EP 1033 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.191 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 944HV UT WOS:000230418800049 PM 15967416 ER PT J AU Gordon, SH Cao, X Mohamed, A Willett, JL AF Gordon, SH Cao, X Mohamed, A Willett, JL TI Infrared spectroscopy method reveals hydrogen bonding and intermolecular interaction between components in polymer blends SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE infrared spectroscopy method; differential spectral deconvolution; hydrogen bonds; polymer blends; biopolymers ID LINEAR AROMATIC POLYURETHANES; FTIR ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE AB An infrared spectroscopy method was devised to uncover evidence of hydrogen bonding and intermolecular interaction between components in solid poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(hydroxyester ether) (PHEE) blends. The method compares Gaussian/Lorentzian deconvoluted infrared spectra of the polymer blends with deconvoluted spectra of weight ratio-equivalent mixtures of the physically separated polymers. Infrared spectra of polymer blends, where hvdrogen bonding exists, differ from spectra of physical mixtures of the polymers. Deconvoluting spectra of the blends into their underlying peaks revealed theoretically expected differences between hydrogen-bonded and nonhydrogen bonded components. The findings are supported by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical rheometry studies. The new method, differential spectral deconvolution, afforded a quantitative estimate of the extent of hydrogen bonding between PLA and PHEE and could therefore be used to measure the degree of interaction between components in thermoplastic blends. This technique is superior to conventional spectral subtraction and it should be applicable to intimate mixtures or solid solutions in general. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gordon, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gordonsh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 5 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 BP 813 EP 821 DI 10.1002/app.21755 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 940DI UT WOS:000230123500013 ER PT J AU Whittle, E Cahoon, EB Subrahmanyam, S Shanklin, J AF Whittle, E Cahoon, EB Subrahmanyam, S Shanklin, J TI A multifunctional acyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase from Hedera helix L. (English ivy) can synthesize 16-and 18-carbon monoene and diene products SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RICINUS-COMMUNIS; PLANTS; SEED; EXPRESSION; GENE; MUTAGENESIS AB A desaturase with 83% sequence identity to the coriander Delta(4)-16:0-ACP desaturase was isolated from developing seeds of Hedera helix ( English ivy). Expression of the ivy desaturase in Arabidopsis resulted in the accumulation of 16: 1 Delta(4) and its expected elongation product 18: 1 Delta(6) ( petroselinic acid). Expression in Escherichia coli resulted in the accumulation of soluble, active protein that was purified to apparent homogeneity. In vitro assays confirmed Delta(4) desaturation with 16:0-ACP; however, with 18:0-acyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) desaturation occurred at the Delta(9) position. The ivy desaturase also converted 16:1 Delta(9)-ACP and 18: 1 Delta(9)-ACP to the corresponding Delta(4,9) dienes. These data suggest at least two distinct substrate binding modes, one placing C4 at the diiron active site and the other placing C9 at the active site. In the latter case, 18: 0 would likely bind in an extended conformation as described for the castor desaturase with 9-carbons accommodated in the cavity beyond the dirron site. However, Delta(4) desaturation would require the accommodation of 12 carbons for C16 substrates or 14 carbons for C18 substrates. The amino acids lining the substrate binding cavity of ivy and castor desaturases are conserved except for T117R and P179I ( castor/ivy). Paradoxically, both substitutions, when introduced into the castor desaturase, favored the binding of shorter acyl chains. Thus, it seems likely that Delta(4) desaturation would require a non-extended, perhaps U-shaped, substrate conformation. A cis double bond may facilitate the initiation of such a non-extended conformation in the monounsaturated substrates. The multifunctional properties of the ivy desaturase make it well suited for further dissection of the determinants of regiospecificity. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USDA ARS, Res Serv, Plant Genet Res Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. RP Shanklin, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463,50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM shanklin@bnl.gov NR 39 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 5 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 31 BP 28169 EP 28176 DI 10.1074/jbc.M504205200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 950KZ UT WOS:000230857300002 PM 15939740 ER PT J AU Peterson, SC Fanta, GF Adlof, RO Felker, FC AF Peterson, SC Fanta, GF Adlof, RO Felker, FC TI Identification of complexed native lipids in crystalline aggregates formed from jet cooked cornstarch SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE crystalline aggregates; spherocrystals; inclusion complex; starch; lipid; amylose ID STARCHES; AMYLOSE AB Crystalline aggregates, resulting from crystallization of helical inclusion complexes of amylose with the native lipids in jet cooked cornstarch, exhibit two distinct morphologies: smaller, torus-shaped and larger, spherical/lobed, particles. Gas chromatographic analyses of extracted lipids showed that these two species contained mixtures of the sa: me native lipids found in granular cornstarch, although in different relative amounts; especially the 16:0 (palmitic) and 18:2 (linoleic) components. The torus-shaped particles contained about twice:as much palmitic as linoleic acid; whereas these ratios were reversed in the lipids extracted from the spherical/lobed particles. These findings are consistent with X-ray diffraction data. Microscopic examination of crystalline aggregates formed at different temperatures,showed that the spherical/lobed particles are the first to form, and that the torus-shaped particles form at a lower temperature. The fact that the composition of the lipid mixture extracted from the spherical/lobed particles closely resembles that of the lipid mixture extracted from cornstarch itself is consistent with the faci that these particles are the first to form. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Peterson, SC (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stevep@ncaur.usda.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD AUG 4 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.04.012 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 954PW UT WOS:000231168000006 ER PT J AU Fanta, GF Felker, FC Shogren, RL Byars, JA Salch, JH AF Fanta, GF Felker, FC Shogren, RL Byars, JA Salch, JH TI Crystalline particles formed in slowly-cooled cornstarch dispersions prepared by steam jet cooking. The effect of starch concentration, added oil and rate of cooling SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch; amylose; spherulite; jet cooked; fatty acids; phospholipids ID WATER INTERFACE; AMYLOSE; FILMS AB Spherical/lobed and torus-shaped particles were formed when jet cooked cornstarch dispersions (4-10% starch solids) were slowly cooled for 22 h. When jet cooking was carried out in the presence of mineral oil, the torus-shaped particles did not form, but small spherical particles, about 1-2 mu m in diameter, were observed. These small particles resembled those formed in wheat starch dispersions jet cooked in the absence of oil. Dispersions jet cooked without oil and cooled over a 4 h period also yielded 1-2 gm spheres in addition to the spherical/lobed and torus-shaped particles. With 4 h cooling in the presence of oil, the torus-shaped particles were absent, and the 1-2 mu m spheres were the only small particles observed. Very few spherical/lobed particles were formed in the presence of oil at starch concentrations of 5 and 4%. Mineral oil droplets could affect the nature of the particles formed by selectively extracting free fatty acids from the native lipid released from cornstarch by steam jet cooking. The remaining native lipid would therefore be richer in lysophospholipids, thus favoring the formation of 1-2 mu m spheres, similar to those observed with wheat starch. The rate of cooling could affect the nature of the particles formed because of its effect upon the depletion of native lipid components from the dispersion by the particles that form first at the highest temperature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Fanta, GF (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM fantagf@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD AUG 4 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2 BP 222 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.05.013 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 954PW UT WOS:000231168000014 ER PT J AU Svec, JR Kolka, RK Stringer, JW AF Svec, JR Kolka, RK Stringer, JW TI Defining perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral channels in Eastern Kentucky: Application to forestry best management practices SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stream flow duration; forest hydrology; stream geomorphology; forest management; stream classification AB Typically, Forestry Best Management Practices (BMPs) that are applied to riparian areas are dependent upon stream flow duration. Definitions vary but most often perennial, intermittent and ephemeral channels are classified and used to determine the specific BMP prescription for a site. The most common technique to determine stream class is to use USGS Quadrangle "blue line" maps where blue lines are considered perennial, dashed blue lines are considered intermittent, and ephemeral channels occur where there is convergent topography but no lines are present. This research and others indicate that the "blue line" method is highly inaccurate at the site scale, especially for lower flow systems. In this study we use the channel geometry method and watershed characteristics to develop multiple regression models to predict flow duration across the range of channels in the Eastern Coalfield Region of Eastern Kentucky, USA. Based on our set of predictive models, we can explain 78-91 % of the observed variability in flow duration. Parameters that were most common in the models included the natural log of watershed area, bankfull width, width:depth ratio, stream slope and entrenchment ratio. By utilizing our most encompassing model (all sites for their longest time period), we were able to develop a table of general guidelines that classified > 95% of study channels correctly. Given the high predictive capability of our models and the geographic range of sites, we believe that our table of guidelines is robust for the Eastern Coalfield Physiographic Region of Eastern Kentucky. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Cent Res Stn N, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Kolka, RK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Cent Res Stn N, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM rkolka@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 3 PY 2005 VL 214 IS 1-3 BP 170 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.04.008 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 947ZJ UT WOS:000230685500014 ER PT J AU Loehle, C Wigley, TB Rutzmoser, S Gerwin, JA Keyser, PD Lancia, RA Reynolds, CJ Thill, RE Weih, R White, D Wood, PB AF Loehle, C Wigley, TB Rutzmoser, S Gerwin, JA Keyser, PD Lancia, RA Reynolds, CJ Thill, RE Weih, R White, D Wood, PB TI Managed forest landscape structure and avian species richness in the southeastern US SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avian diversity; landscape heterogeneity; forest management; species accumulation curves ID BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; RELATIVE INFLUENCE; INDUSTRIAL FOREST; BOREAL FOREST; HABITAT; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; LEVEL AB Forest structural features at the stand scale (e.g., snags, stern density, species composition) and habitat attributes at larger spatial scales (e.g., landscape pattern, road density) can influence biological diversity and have been proposed as indicators in sustainable forestry programs. This study investigated relationships between such factors and total richness of breeding birds based on data from four studies within highly forested landscapes in the southeastern United States (Arkansas, South Carolina, and West Virginia) that were managed for commercial forest products. Habitat attributes were developed from forest inventory data and other information at the stand level and in circular buffers with radii of 250, 500 m, and I km around each sample point. Species accumulation curves for all study sites indicated greater richness in the youngest stands, with greater landscape age heterogeneity, and with proximity of sample points to roads. However, bird richness was not related to distance to nearest water or stream density at any scale. Pine forests had the most species at two of three sites where pine forests occurred. Stand biomass and basal area were generally not predictive of avian richness. Watersheds within the Arkansas site under more intensive management showed greater bird diversity. Overall, forest management appeared to have a positive effect on total bird richness. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. MeadWestvaco Corp, Rupert, WV 25984 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Hot Springs, AR 71901 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Loehle, C (reprint author), Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, 552 S Washington St,Suite 224, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. EM cloehle@ncasi.org NR 74 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 3 PY 2005 VL 214 IS 1-3 BP 279 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.04.018 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 947ZJ UT WOS:000230685500022 ER PT J AU Haywood, JD AF Haywood, JD TI Effects of herbaceous and woody plant control on Pinus palustris growth and foliar nutrients through six growing seasons SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE container seedlings; hexazinone; longleaf pine; Pinus palustris P. Mill; sethoxydim; triclopyr; vegetation management ID LONGLEAF PINE; WIREGRASS ECOSYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; WEED-CONTROL; FIRE; FERTILIZATION; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS; LITTER AB To determine if either herbaceous or woody plants are more competitive with longleaf pine (Pinus palustris R Mill.) seedlings, two vegetation management treatments-herbaceous plant control (HPC, No or Yes) and woody plant control (WPC, No or Yes) were applied in newly established longleaf pine plantings in a randomized complete block 2 x 2 factorial design in two studies (alpha = 0.05). Both studies were broadcast prescribed burned as a normal management practice and the soils were of moderate texture. In the fourth growing season and 2 years after treatments ceased in Study 1, the HPC plots had more herbaceous plant productivity than the no HPC (NHPC) plots and arborescent vegetation had recovered from the WPC treatment. In Study 2, herbaceous plant productivity was less on the HPC plots than on the NHPC plots and the WPC plots had more herbaceous plant productivity and less arborescent vegetation than the no WPC plots. In both studies, HPC significantly increased height growth of the longleaf pine trees although total control of herbaceous plants was neither attempted nor achieved. The WPC treatment did not affect longleaf pine height growth. After six growing seasons, the longleaf pine trees averaged 0.9, 1.5, 1.1, and 1.7 m tall on the Burn only, Burn-HPC, Burn-WPC, and Burn-WPC-HPC treatments, respectively, in Study 1. In Study 2, the longleaf pines averaged 3.8, 4.8, 3.9, and 4.8 m tall on the Burn only, Burn-HPC, Burn-WPC, and Burn-WPC-HPC treatments, respectively. Herbaceous plant control reduced Mg concentrations in the living longleaf pine needles in both studies. Foliar P was generally deficient. Overall, however, the longleaf pine foliage had good nutritional balance on these moderately textured soils. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Haywood, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, RWU 4111,2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM dhaywood@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 3 PY 2005 VL 214 IS 1-3 BP 384 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.04.023 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 947ZJ UT WOS:000230685500030 ER PT J AU Pintauro, PN Gil, MP Warner, K List, G Neff, W AF Pintauro, PN Gil, MP Warner, K List, G Neff, W TI Electrochemical hydrogenation of soybean oil with hydrogen gas SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE REACTOR; TRANS-FATTY-ACIDS; EDIBLE OILS; ELECTROCATALYTIC HYDROGENATION; CATALYSTS; PALLADIUM AB Soybean oil has been partially hydrogenated in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electro-chemical reactor, with H-2 gas as the anode feed and source of hydrogen. The reactor is similar in design to that used in a H-2/O-2 fuel cell, with a membrane electrode assembly composed of a Pd-black powder cathode and a Pt-black powder anode fixed to the opposite surfaces of a Nafion 117 cation-exchange membrane. The PEM reactor was operated at a moderate temperature (60-90 degrees C) and 1 atm of pressure using commercial-grade soybean oil as the cathode feed. The effects of the current density, temperature, and oil flow rate on oil hydrogenation current efficiency and product selectivity were investigated. The oil hydrogenation current efficiency (the efficiency of electrogenerated H-2 addition to fatty acid double bonds) increased with temperature, decreased with current density, and ranged from 45 to 97%. Partially hydrogenated oil products were characterized by a low percentage of trans-fatty acid isomers (which are known contributors to coronary heart disease) and a moderately high concentration of saturated stearic acid (typical of nonselective, precious metal hydrogenation catalysts). An improvement in fatty acid hydrogenation selectivity was achieved by increasing the oil feed flow rate and inserting a turbulence promoter into the oil feed channel of the PEM reactor. The use of a bimetallic cathode (Pd/Co or Pd/Fe) increased the selectivity of the hydrogenation process, at the expense of a drop in current efficiency and an increase in the trans isomer content of hydro-oil products. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food Qual & Safety Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Pintauro, PN (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 3 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 16 BP 6188 EP 6195 DI 10.1021/ie04090738 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 950AA UT WOS:000230828800030 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC AF Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC TI Two differentially expressed ommochrome-binding protein-like genes (obp1 and obp2) in larval fat body of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; diapause induction; transcriptional variation ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; MANDUCA-SEXTA; POSTDIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT; TOBACCO HORNWORM; DIAPAUSE; EVOLUTION; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; HEMOLYMPH; PRESERVATION AB Ommochrome-binding proteins function in coloration and detoxification pathways by transporting tryptophan metabolites, and increase in hemolymph concentration prior to diapause. Two ommochrome-binding protein genes from the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Onobp1 and Onobp2; GenBank accession nos. AY819651 to AY819655 and AY862870) were isolated. Relatedness to OBP-encoding genes was suggested by peptide similarity, phylogenetic reconstruction, and expression data. 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms between obp1 and 23 polymorphisms between obp2 alleles were identified, and resultant genomic markers were inherited in a Mendelian fashion. RT-PCR showed fat body specific Onobp1 and Onobp2 transcription. The Onobp1 transcript was RT-PCR amplified from fat body of 5(th) instars, whereas Onobp2 was expressed in fat body of 4(th) and 5(th) instars, and peaked in 5(th) instar wandering and 1 week old diapausing larvae. Expression suggests gene duplicates are maintained by change in temporal expression. The significance of Onobp1 and 2 gene products to O. nubilalis diapause physiology requires additional investigation. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Coates, BS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM coates@iastate.edu NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD AUG 3 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 19 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953UY UT WOS:000231107600001 PM 16341251 ER PT J AU Onisko, B Fernandez, EG Freire, ML Schwarz, A Baier, M Camina, F Garcia, JR Villamarin, SRS Requena, JR AF Onisko, B Fernandez, EG Freire, ML Schwarz, A Baier, M Camina, F Garcia, JR Villamarin, SRS Requena, JR TI Probing PrPSc structure using chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry: Evidence of the proximity of Gly90 amino termini in the PrP 27-30 aggregate SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SCRAPIE PRION PROTEIN; COMPLEX; DISEASES; BIOLOGY AB Elucidation of the structure of PrPSc continues to be one of the most important and difficult challenges in prion research. This task, essential for gaining an understanding of the basis of prion infectivity, has been hampered by the insoluble, aggregated nature of this molecule. We used a combination of chemical cross-linking, proteolytic digestion, and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF and nanoLC-ESI-QqTOF), in an attempt to gain structural information about PrP 27-30 purified from the brains of Syrian hamsters infected with scrapie. The rationale of this approach is to identify pairs of specific amino acid residues that are close enough to each other to react with a bifunctional reagent of a given chain length. We cross-linked PrP 27-30 with the amino-specific reagent bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BSI), obtaining dimers, trimers, and higher-order oligomers that were separated by SDS-PAGE. In-gel digestion followed by mass spectrometric analysis showed that BS3 reacted preferentially with Gly90. A cross-link involving two Gly90 amino termini was found in cross-linked PrP 27-30 dimers, but not in intramolecularly crosslinked monomers or control samples. This observation indicates the spatial proximity of Gly90 amino termini in PrP 27-30 fibrils. The Gly(90)-Gly(90) cross-link is consistent with a recent model of PrP 27-30, based on electron crystallographic data, featuring a fiber composed of stacked trimers of PrP monomers; specifically, it is compatible with cross-linking of monomers stacked vertically along the fiber axis but not those adjacent to each other horizontally in the trimeric building block. Our results constitute the first measured distance constraint in PrPSc. C1 Univ Santiago, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Prion Res Unit,Mass Spectrometry Unit, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Galiza, Spain. Univ Santiago, Sch Pharm, Dept Biochem, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Galiza, Spain. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Univ Santiago, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Prion Res Unit,Mass Spectrometry Unit, Rua de S Francisco S-N, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Galiza, Spain. EM requenaj@usc.es OI Onisko, Bruce/0000-0003-4657-8257 NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD AUG 2 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 30 BP 10100 EP 10109 DI 10.1021/bi0501582 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 950TG UT WOS:000230879900015 PM 16042387 ER PT J AU Feil, H Feil, WS Chain, P Larimer, F DiBartolo, G Copeland, A Lykidis, A Trong, S Nolan, M Goltsman, E Thiel, J Malfatti, S Loper, JE Lapidus, A Detter, JC Land, M Richardson, PM Kyrpides, NC Ivanova, N Lindow, SE AF Feil, H Feil, WS Chain, P Larimer, F DiBartolo, G Copeland, A Lykidis, A Trong, S Nolan, M Goltsman, E Thiel, J Malfatti, S Loper, JE Lapidus, A Detter, JC Land, M Richardson, PM Kyrpides, NC Ivanova, N Lindow, SE TI Comparison of the complete genome sequences of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a and pv. tomato DC3000 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE virulence genes; epiphyte; plant pathogen ID GENE-CLUSTER; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; SYRINGOMYCIN PRODUCTION; RADIATION TOLERANCE; SIGMA-FACTOR; BIOSYNTHESIS; SYRINGOPEPTIN; ARABIDOPSIS; AERUGINOSA; BACTERIA AB The complete genomic sequence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a (Pss B728a) has been determined and is compared with that of A syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). The two pathovars of this economically important species of plant pathogenic bacteria differ in host range and other interactions with plants, with Pss having a more pronounced epiphytic stage of growth and higher abiotic stress tolerance and Pst DC3000 having a more pronounced apoplastic growth habitat. The Pss B728a genome (6.1 Mb) contains a circular chromosome and no plasmid, whereas the Pst DC3000 genome is 6.5 mbp in size, composed of a circular chromosome and two plasmids. Although a high degree of similarity exists between the two sequenced Pseudomonads, 976 protein-encoding genes are unique to Pss B728a when compared with Pst DC3000, including large genomic islands likely to contribute to virulence and host specificity. Over 375 repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences unique to Pss B728a when compared with Pst DC3000 are widely distributed throughout the chromosome except in 14 genomic islands, which generally had lower GC content than the genome as a whole. Content of the genomic islands varies, with one containing a prophage and another the plasmid pKLC102 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Among the 976 genes of Pss B728a with no counterpart in Pst DC3000 are those encoding for syringopeptin, syringomycin, indole acetic acid biosynthesis, arginine degradation, and production of ice nuclei. The genomic comparison suggests that several unique genes for Pss B728a such as ectoine synthase, DNA repair, and antibiotic production may contribute to the epiphytic fitness and stress tolerance of this organism. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lindow, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM icelab@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; Loper, Joyce/0000-0003-3501-5969 NR 51 TC 245 Z9 821 U1 4 U2 32 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 2 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 31 BP 11064 EP 11069 DI 10.1073/pnas.0504930102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 953TC UT WOS:000231102400060 PM 16043691 ER PT J AU Liebhold, AM Raffa, KF Diss, AL AF Liebhold, AM Raffa, KF Diss, AL TI Forest type affects predation on gypsy moth pupae SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae; Lymantria dispar; Peromyscus; predator ID LYMANTRIIDAE PUPAE; NORTH-AMERICA; STAND SUSCEPTIBILITY; LEPIDOPTERA; LARVAE; POPULATIONS; DEFOLIATION; OUTBREAKS; ACORNS AB 1 Predation by small mammals has previously been shown to be the largest source of mortality in low-density gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), populations in established populations in north-eastern North America. Fluctuations in predation levels are critical in determining changes in population densities. 2 We compared small mammal communities and levels of predation on gypsy moth pupae among five different oak-dominated forest types along this insect's western expanding population front in Wisconsin. Comparisons of predator impact can provide critical information for predicting variation in susceptibility among forest types. 3 The results indicated that small mammals caused more mortality than did invertebrates. 4 Both abundance of Peromyscus sp. predators and predation levels were lower in urban and xeric forest types than in mesic sites. 5 These results suggest that, because predation pressures will probably be greater in the mesic sites, gypsy moths may be less likely to develop outbreaks in these habitats, and that defoliation will probably be more frequent in urban and xeric oak-dominated sites. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 345, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Liebhold, AM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM aliebhold@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9555.2005.00256.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 952LO UT WOS:000231005200001 ER PT J AU Pengthamkeerati, P Motavalli, PP Kremer, RJ Anderson, SH AF Pengthamkeerati, P Motavalli, PP Kremer, RJ Anderson, SH TI Soil carbon dioxide efflux from a claypan soil affected by surface compaction and applications of poultry litter SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE compaction; soil CO2 efflux; claypan soil; litter ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; N-MINERALIZATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL-N; PIG SLURRY; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; RESPIRATION; DYNAMICS AB The effects of soil compaction on soil physical properties may alter soil microbial activities and processes, including carbon (C) cycling, and possibly affect agricultural production and environmental degradation. This study investigated the effects of surface soil compaction on soil C mineralization in a claypan soil amended with poultry litter (i.e. turkey excrement mixed with pine shavings as bedding). In a laboratory study, a Mexico silt loam soil was compacted to four bulk density levels (1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m(-3)) with and without poultry litter and incubated at 25 C for 42 days. A field experiment with plots that were maintained fallow was also conducted in 2001 and 2002 on the same claypan soil in North Central Missouri. Soil was amended with litter (0 and 19 Mg ha(-1)) and left uncompacted or uniformly compacted. Results showed that soil CO2 efflux was decreased by compaction up to 72% in the laboratory study and 46% in the field study of 2002 (P < 0.05). Litter application enhanced soil CO2 efflux (P < 0.05) due to the addition of readily available C from litter. In the laboratory study, soil CO2 efflux was negatively correlated with soil bulk density and the proportion of micropores (P < 0.05). Conversely, soil CO2 efflux was positively related with total porosity and the proportion of macropores (P < 0.05). In the field, surface soil compaction caused changes in soil water content and soil aeration, which may have had the greatest effect on variation in soil CO2 efflux. These results indicate that both soil compaction and litter application change the rate of soil C mineralization, and the magnitude of those changes is modified by climatic variation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kasetsart Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Pengthamkeerati, P (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. EM fsciptp@ku.ac.th NR 40 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.013 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941AC UT WOS:000230186000007 ER PT J AU Bakhsh, A Kanwar, RS Karlen, DL AF Bakhsh, A Kanwar, RS Karlen, DL TI Effects of liquid swine manure applications on NO3-N leaching losses to subsurface drainage water from loamy soils in Iowa SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE subsurface drainage; nitrate leaching; manure; crop rotation; loamy soils in Iowa ID CROP-ROTATION; NITRATE-NITROGEN; TILE DRAINAGE; TILLAGE; QUALITY; FERTILIZATION; GROUNDWATER; SYSTEM; YIELDS; FLOW AB Long-term applications of organic or inorganic sources of N to croplands can increase the leaching potential of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) for soils underlain by subsurface drainage "tile" network. A field study was conducted for 6 years (1993-1998) to determine the effects of liquid swine manure and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution fertilizer applications on NO3-N concentrations and NO3-N losses with subsurface drainage water under continuous corn (Zea maize L.) and corn after soybean (Glycine max. L.) production systems. The field data collected at Iowa State University's northeastern research center near Nashua, Iowa, under six N-management treatments and each replicated three times, were analyzed as a randomized complete block design. The flow weighted average (FWA) NO3-N concentrations in tile flow were affected significantly (P < 0.05) by N-application rates from swine manure, growing season and treatment effects. Peak (FWA) NO3-N concentrations values of 31.8 mg L-1 under swine manure and 15.5 mg L-1 under UAN in subsurface drain water were observed in 1995 following the dry year of 1994. The 6-year average crop rotation effects on NO3-N losses with tile flows were not found to be significantly affected either with swine manure or UAN-fertilizer applications but showed significant increase in corn grain yields under both the systems. Liquid swine manure, averaged across the 6-year period, resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) greater NO3-N losses with tile flows by 53% (26 kg N ha(-1) versus 17 kg N ha(-1)) and showed no difference in corn grain yields in comparison with UAN-fertilizer applications under continuous corn production system. These results emphasize the need for better management of swine manure application system during the wet and dry growing seasons to reduce NO3-N leaching losses to shallow groundwater systems to avoid contamination of drinking water supplies. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakhsh, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 102, Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bakhsh@iastate.edu NR 37 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.018 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 941AC UT WOS:000230186000011 ER PT J AU Degrandi-Hoffman, G Curry, R AF Degrandi-Hoffman, G Curry, R TI Simulated population dynamics of Varroa Mites in honey bee colonies: Part II - What the VARROAPOP model reveals SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Degrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM gd-hoffman@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 145 IS 8 BP 629 EP 632 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 949RA UT WOS:000230804600003 ER PT J AU Bliss, RM AF Bliss, RM TI Death by desiccation: Sugar esters dry out insect pests of flowers and ornamentals SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB It took more than two decades and involved milestones of scientific discovery by more than five ARS scientists and their cooperators. Now, a new class of insecticidal compounds is being introduced that offers a safe and effective alternative to, conventional chemical insecticides. They are based on a family of compounds named "polyol esters, which are sugar esters. The best of them would provide relief to agricultural crops, household and garden plants, and even honey bees embattled by a variety of pests. C1 USDA ARS, Informat Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bliss, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Informat Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 145 IS 8 BP 648 EP 649 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 949RA UT WOS:000230804600008 ER PT J AU Fassbinder-Orth, C Rinderer, TE AF Fassbinder-Orth, C Rinderer, TE TI A study of chalkbrood susceptibility in Russian and domestic honey bees SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FAR-EASTERN RUSSIA; RESISTANCE; COLONIES; DISEASE AB Chalkbrood susceptibility levels were determined in selected Russian and domestic honey bee lines. A baseline chalkbrood infection level was first determined for each colony, followed by three chalkbrood inoculations, each one week apart. Chalkbrood mummies were counted one week after each inoculation and removed. Both Russian and domestic post-inoculation chalkbrood infection means increased an average of five fold when compared to the baseline infection level. However, the pre- and post-inoculation levels were not significantly different (P=0.13), probably due to the high number of colonies exhibiting 0% chalkbrood infection throughout the entire study. No significant differences in chalkbrood susceptibility were found between the two stocks (P=0.31), or between any lines (P=0.60). However, colonies showing extreme chalkbrood resistance or susceptibility were identified. They will be used as parents in a breeding study designed to study the genetic control of chalkbrood susceptibility. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Fassbinder-Orth, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 145 IS 8 BP 669 EP 671 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 949RA UT WOS:000230804600013 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP Butry, DT AF Prestemon, JP Butry, DT TI Time to burn: Modeling wildland arson as an autoregressive crime function SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE autoregressive; crime; firesetting; Poisson; police; poverty; wages ID ECONOMIC-CONDITIONS; PROPERTY CRIME; SERIES MODELS; DETERRENCE; BURGLARY; IMPACT; RATES; COUNT AB Six Poisson autoregressive models of order p[PAR(p)] of daily wildland arson ignition counts are estimated for five locations in Florida (1994-2001). In addition, a fixed effects time-series Poisson model of annual arson counts is estimated for all Florida counties (1995-2001). PAR(p) model estimates reveal highly significant arson ignition autocorrelation, lasting up to eleven days, in addition to seasonality and links to law enforcement, wildland management, historical fire, and weather. The annual fixed effects model replicates many findings of the daily models but also detects the influence of wages and poverty on arson, in ways expected from theory. All findings support an economic model of crime. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 57 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 87 IS 3 BP 756 EP 770 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2005.00760.x PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 942RX UT WOS:000230300900015 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, IH AF Rosenberg, IH TI Science-based micronutrient fortification: which nutrients, how much, and how to know? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; SPINA-BIFIDA; FOLATE; FOOD C1 Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM irwin.rosenberg@tufts.edu NR 10 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 2 BP 279 EP 280 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 956IJ UT WOS:000231293100003 PM 16087969 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ Hawthorne, KM Liang, L Gunn, SK Darlington, G Ellis, KJ AF Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ Hawthorne, KM Liang, L Gunn, SK Darlington, G Ellis, KJ TI A combination of prebiotic short- and long-chain inulin-type fructans enhances calcium absorption and bone mineralization in young adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE calcium absorption; vitamin D receptor; stable isotopes; inulin; prebiotics; pubertal growth; bioavailability ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; NONDIGESTIBLE OLIGOSACCHARIDES; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; GIRLS; MAGNESIUM; CHILDREN; DENSITY; RATS AB Background: Short-term studies in adolescents have generally shown an enhancement of calcium absorption by inulin-type fructans (prebiotics). Results have been inconsistent; however, and no studies have been conducted to determine whether this effect persists with long-term use. Objective: The objective was to assess the effects on calcium absorption and bone mineral accretion after 8 wk and 1 y of supplementation with an inulin-type fructan. Design: Pubertal adolescents were randomly assigned to receive 8 g/d of a mixed short and long degree of polymerization inulin-type fructan product (fructan group) or maltodextrin placebo (control group). Bone mineral content and bone mineral density were measured before randomization and after 1 y. Calcium absorption was measured with the use of stable isotopes at baseline and 8 wk and 1 y after supplementation. Polymorphisms of the Fok1 vitamin D receptor gene were determined. Results: Calcium absorption was significantly greater in the fructan group than in the control group at 8 wk (difference: 8.5 1.6%; P < 0.001) and at 1 y (difference: 5.9 +/- 2.8%; P = 0.04). An interaction with Fok1 genotype was present such that subjects with an ff genotype had the least initial response to fructan. After 1 y, the fructan group had a greater increment in both whole-body bone mineral content (difference: 35 +/- 16 g; P = 0.03) and whole-body bone mineral density (difference: 0.015 +/- 0.004 g/cm(2); p = 0.01) than did the control group. Conclusion: Daily consumption of a combination of prebiotic short-and long-chain inulin-type fructans significantly increases calcium absorption and enhances bone mineralization during pubertal growth. Effects of dietary factors on calcium absorption may be modulated by genetic factors, including specific vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Endocrinol Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00188]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR43740]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK56338] NR 21 TC 198 Z9 210 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 2 BP 471 EP 476 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 956IJ UT WOS:000231293100029 PM 16087995 ER PT J AU Wang, LP Zhou, ZX Saari, JT Kang, YJ AF Wang, LP Zhou, ZX Saari, JT Kang, YJ TI Alcohol-induced myocardial fibrosis in metallothionein-null mice - Prevention by zinc supplementation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; CHRONIC ETHANOL INGESTION; LIVER-DISEASE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; RATS; HEART; COPPER; CONSUMPTION; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; INTOXICATION AB Alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy including fibrosis has been recognized clinically for a long time, but its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Studies using experimental animals have not fully duplicated the pathological changes in humans, and animal models of alcoholic cardiac fibrosis are not available. In the present study, we have developed a mouse model in which cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were produced in metallothionein-knockout (MT-KO) mice fed an alcohol-containing liquid diet for 2 months. The same alcohol feeding did not produce cardiac fibrosis in the wild-type (WT) control mice, although there was no difference in the alcohol-induced heart hypertrophy between the WT controls and the MT-KO mice. Zinc supplementation prevented cardiac fibrosis but did not affect heart hypertrophy in the alcohol-fed MT-KO mice, suggesting a specific link between zinc homeostasis and cardiac fibrosis. Serum creatine phosphokinase activity was significantly higher in the alcohol-administered MT-KO mice than in the WT mice, and zinc supplementation decreased serum creatine phosphokinase activities and eliminated the difference between the groups. Thus, disturbance in zinc homeostasis due to the lack of MT associates with alcohol-induced cardiac fibrosis and more severe cardiac injury, making the MT-KO mouse model of alcohol-induced cardiac fibrosis a useful tool to investigate specific factors involved in the alcoholic cardiomyopathy. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Kang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, 511 S Floyd St,MDR 530, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM yjkang01@louisville.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL059225, HL59225, HL63760, R01 HL063760]; NIAAA NIH HHS [R21 AA013601, AA13601] NR 51 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 167 IS 2 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62979-3 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 951GN UT WOS:000230917600006 PM 16049321 ER PT J AU Stewart, GS Graham, C Cattell, S Smith, TPL Simmons, NL Smith, CP AF Stewart, GS Graham, C Cattell, S Smith, TPL Simmons, NL Smith, CP TI UT-B is expressed in bovine rumen: potential role in ruminal urea transport SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Focused Meeting of the Physiological-Society CY JUL 22-23, 2004 CL Univ Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP Physiolog Soc HO Univ Newcastle DE facilitative transporter; phloretin; thionicotinamide; transepithelial flux; nitrogen balance ID CLONING; PROTEIN; ERYTHROCYTES; GENOME; TESTIS; MICE; MAP AB The UT-A (SLC14a2) and UT-B (SLC14a1) genes encode a family of specialized urea transporter proteins that regulate urea movement across plasma membranes. In this report, we describe the structure of the bovine UT-B (bUT-B) gene and characterize UT-B expression in bovine rumen. Northern analysis using a full-length bUT-B probe detected a 3.7-kb UT-B signal in rumen. RT-PCR of bovine mRNA revealed the presence of two UT-B splice variants, bUT-B1 and bUT-B2, with bUT-B2 the predominant variant in rumen. Immunoblotting studies of bovine rumen tissue, using an antibody targeted to the NH2-terminus of mouse UT-B, confirmed the presence of 43- to 54-kDa UT-B proteins. Immunolocalization studies showed that UT-B was mainly located on cell plasma membranes in epithelial layers of the bovine rumen. Ussing chamber measurements of ruminal transepithelial transport of C-14-labeled urea indicated that urea flux was characteristically inhibited by phloretin. We conclude that bUT-B is expressed in the bovine rumen and may function to transport urea into the rumen as part of the ruminant urea nitrogen salvaging process. C1 Univ Manchester, Sch Med, Fac Life Sci, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Med, Div Physiol Sci, Sch Cellular & Mol Biosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Anim Res Serv, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Smith, CP (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Med, Fac Life Sci, Stopford Bldg, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. EM craig.smith@manchester.ac.uk NR 29 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 289 IS 2 BP R605 EP R612 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00127.2005 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 944UJ UT WOS:000230455400042 PM 15845882 ER PT J AU Evoniuk, JM Stoltenow, CL O'Rourke, KI Moore, BL Redmer, DA AF Evoniuk, JM Stoltenow, CL O'Rourke, KI Moore, BL Redmer, DA TI Assessment of the genetic risk and impact of lateral transmission in a valine-associated scrapie outbreak in sheep SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NATURAL SCRAPIE; PRP GENOTYPE; ALLELIC VARIANTS; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; CLOSED FLOCK; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ACCUMULATION; ROMANOV; SUFFOLK; GOATS AB Objective-To characterize an outbreak of valine-associated scrapie, assess the relative risk of scrapie infection in relation to allele frequency at codon 136 and investigate lateral transmission of infection in sheep flock within the United States. Animals-1,006 sheep. Procedure-To determine genotypes, blood or semen samples were assessed via commercial testing; in 190 slaughtered sheep, scrapie status was determined via immunohistochemical evaluation of tissues. Scrapie-positive sheep born to scrapie-negative dams and sheep infected after 1 year of age were identified to assess lateral transmission. Results-Genotypes were determined for codon 171 (164 sheep) or codons 136 and 171 (842 sheep). Forty-four of 160 slaughtered sheep of known genotype were scrapie positive. In these sheep, the presence of at least 1 valine allele at codon 136 (V-136) was highly correlated with scrapie-positive status. Lateral transmission was the probable source of infection for 4 scrapie-positive sheep born to scrapie-negative dams and for 11 sheep in which scrapie was diagnosed at > 50 months of age. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggest that the outbreak of scrapie was associated with a relatively high frequency of V,,, in the flock, introduction of a valine-dependent scrapie strain, and the occurrence of lateral transmission. Genotyping of sheep may assist management decisions following diagnosis of scrapie in a sheep with at least 1 V,,,. It may be prudent to remove sheep of the diploid genotype AVQR (at codons 136 and 171) from infected flocks. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Stoltenow, CL (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1302 EP 1307 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1302 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 952CT UT WOS:000230980200001 PM 16173469 ER PT J AU Litterer, LA Plaisance, KL Gronwald, JW Somers, DA AF Litterer, LA Plaisance, KL Gronwald, JW Somers, DA TI Assaying uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID UDP-GLUCOSE DEHYDROGENASE; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; KINETIC-PROPERTIES; SOYBEAN NODULES; CELL-WALLS; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; DIFFERENTIATION; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gronwald, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gronw001@umn.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 343 IS 1 BP 192 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2005.03.050 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 950LM UT WOS:000230858600024 PM 16018874 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, CK Miller, WG Harden, LA Bates, AH Vensel, WH Wang, GL Mandrell, RE AF Fagerquist, CK Miller, WG Harden, LA Bates, AH Vensel, WH Wang, GL Mandrell, RE TI Genomic and proteomic identification of a DNA-binding protein used in the "fingerprinting" of Campylobacter species and strains by MALDI-TOF-MS protein biornarker analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROORGANISM IDENTIFICATION; WHOLE CELLS; BACTERIA; HELICOBACTER; ACID AB We have identified a prominent similar to 10-kDa protein biomarker observed in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (MALDI-TOF-MS) of cell lysates of five thermophilic species of Campylobacter: jejuni, coli, lari, upsaliensis, and helveticus. The biomarker was unambiguously identified by genomic and proteomic sequencing as a DNA-binding protein HU. We report the amino acid sequence of HU as determined by sequencing the hup gene of four species (12 strains): C. jejuni (2), C. coli (4), C. upsaliensis (4) and C. lari (2). Confirmation of the amino acid sequence was obtained by nanoflow high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of the tryptic peptides of the extracted/digested HU protein. Protein identification was also confirmed by comparison of the molecular weight (MW) predicted from the hup gene and the MW of HU as measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry. We found the HU protein to be particularly useful as a biomarker in that it strongly ionizes by MALDI and its MW varies between species and among strains within a species. Intra- and interspecies variation of the HU MW is due to changes in the amino acid sequence of the HU protein and not due to co- or posttranslational modifications. The strong ionization efficiency of HU by MALDI is likely due, in part, to four lysine residues clustered at the carboxyl end of the protein. We also report identification of the HU protein biomarker for a C. helveticus strain, whose hup gene was not sequenced, but whose HU amino acid sequence was partially conserved in C. upsaliensis strains. We have also tentatively assigned a similar to 10.5-kDa protein biomarker of a C. concisus strain as an HU protein. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fagerquist, CK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Serv, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cfagerquist@pw.usda.gov NR 33 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 15 BP 4897 EP 4907 DI 10.1021/ac040193z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 951HQ UT WOS:000230920600037 PM 16053303 ER PT J AU Coulibaly, I Gharbi, K Danzmann, RG Yao, J Rexroad, CE AF Coulibaly, I Gharbi, K Danzmann, RG Yao, J Rexroad, CE TI Characterization and comparison of microsatellites derived from repeat-enriched libraries and expressed sequence tags SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE diversity; expressed sequence tag; microsatellites; polymorphism; salmonid; trout ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; RECOMBINATION RATES; STEELHEAD TROUT; TANDEM REPEATS; DNA-SEQUENCES; CODING DNA; DIVERSITY AB The construction of high-density linkage maps for use in identifying loci underlying important traits requires the development of large numbers of polymorphic genetic markers spanning the entire genome at regularly spaced intervals. As part of our efforts to develop markers for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), we performed a comparison of allelic variation between microsatellite markers developed from expressed sequence tag (EST) data and anonymous markers identified from repeat-enriched libraries constructed from genomic DNA. A subset of 70 markers (37 from EST databases and 33 from repeat enriched libraries) was characterized with respect to polymorphism information content (PIC), number of alleles, repeat number, locus duplication within the genome and ability to amplify in other salmonid species. Higher PIC was detected in dinucleotide microsatellites derived from ESTs than anonymous markers (72.7% vs. 54.0%). In contrast, dinucleotide repeat numbers were higher for anonymous microsatellites than for EST derived microsatellites (27.4 vs. 18.1). A higher rate of cross-species amplification was observed for EST microsatellites. Approximately half of each marker type was duplicated within the genome. Unlike single-copy markers, amplification of duplicated microsatellites in other salmonids was not correlated to phylogenetic distance. Genomic microsatellites proved more useful than EST derived microsatellites in discriminating among the salmonids. In total, 428 microsatellite markers were developed in this study for mapping and population genetic studies in rainbow trout. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Leetown, WV 25430 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Zool, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM crexroad@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov RI Gharbi, Karim/C-5771-2012 OI Gharbi, Karim/0000-0003-1092-4488 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-9146 EI 1365-2052 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01305.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 952FM UT WOS:000230989400005 PM 16026341 ER PT J AU Quiniou, SMA Wolters, WR Waldbieser, GC AF Quiniou, SMA Wolters, WR Waldbieser, GC TI Localization of Xba repetitive elements to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) centromeres via fluorescence in situ hybridization. SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Waldbieser, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM gwaldbieser@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4 BP 353 EP 354 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01304.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 952FM UT WOS:000230989400013 PM 16026349 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Zhao, SH Uthe, JJ Bearson, SMD Tuggle, CK AF Kim, JW Zhao, SH Uthe, JJ Bearson, SMD Tuggle, CK TI Physical mapping of eight pig genes whose expression level is acutely affected by Salmonella challenge SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HYBRID PANEL C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Yeungnam Univ, Inst Biotechnol, Gyongsan, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Tuggle, CK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cktuggle@iastate.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4 BP 359 EP 362 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01309.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 952FM UT WOS:000230989400018 PM 16026354 ER PT J AU Livingston, D Premakumar, R Tallury, SP AF Livingston, D Premakumar, R Tallury, SP TI Carbohydrate concentrations in crown fractions from winter oat during hardening at sub-zero temperatures SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE freezing tolerance; crown tissue; oat; Avena sativa; carbohydrates; fructan; apical meristem ID FREEZING-TOLERANCE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CEREAL CROWNS; 2ND PHASE; BARLEY; SUGARS; EXPRESSION; STRESS; LEAVES; STABILIZATION AB Background and Aims Contradictory results in correlation studies of plant carbohydrates with freezing tolerance may be because whole crown tissue is analysed for carbohydrates while differences exist in the survival of specific tissue within the crown. The aim of this study was to see if carbohydrate changes in tissue within oat crowns during second phase hardening (sub-zero hardening) are tissue specific. Methods The lower portion of oat ( Avena sativa) crowns was exposed to mild grinding in a blender and the remaining crown meristem complex, consisting of tough root-like vessels, was ground in a device developed specifically for grinding cereal crown tissue. Carbohydrates were extracted by water and measured by HPLC. Carbohydrate concentrations were compared in the two regions of the crown before and after hardening at sub-zero temperatures. Key Results Fructan of all size classes except DP > 6 decreased during sub- zero hardening in both stems ( base of leaf sheath) and crown meristem complex. Total simple sugar increase, including sucrose, was significantly higher in the crown meristem complex than in the stem. Conclusions Results support the hypothesis that carbohydrate change in mildly frozen plants is tissue specific within crowns and underscore the need to evaluate specific tissue within the crown when correlating the biochemistry of plants with freezing tolerance. C1 USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Livingston, D (reprint author), USDA, 840 Method Rd,Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dpl@unity.ncsu.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 96 IS 2 BP 331 EP 335 DI 10.1093/aob/mci167 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 948OA UT WOS:000230724400017 PM 15894549 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, CP TI New species and a new combination in the Hyphopichia and Yarrowia yeast clades SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Candida; Hyphopichia; molecular systematics; new yeasts; Pichia; Yarroivia ID GENUS; CANDIDA AB Three new species of Candida and a new combination in the genus Hyphopichia are proposed from phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide divergence in domains D1/D2 of the large subunit (26S) rDNA. The new taxa and their type strains are the following: Candida bentonensis sp. nov. (NRRL YB-2364, CBS 9994), Candida hispaniensis sp. nov. (NRRL Y-5580, CBS 9996), Candida pseudorhagii sp. nov. (NRRL YB-2076, CBS 9998) and Hyphopichia heimii comb. nov. (NRRL Y-7502, CBS 6139), basionym Pichia heimii Pignal. Phylogenetic analysis placed C. pseudorhagii and H. heimii in the Hyphopichia clade whereas C. bentonensis and C. hispaniensis are members of the Yarrowia clade. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kurtzman@ncaur.tisda.gov NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD AUG PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s10482-005-2495-0 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 967QO UT WOS:000232106500004 PM 16096688 ER PT J AU Hou, CT Labeda, DP Rooney, A AF Hou, CT Labeda, DP Rooney, A TI Evaluation of microbial strains for linoleic acid hydroxylation and reclassification of strain ALA2 SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 12,13,17-trihydroxy octadecenoic acid; Bacillus inegaterium; bioconversion; Clavibacter; linoleic acid; Microbacterium; strain ALA2 ID CLAVIBACTER SP ALA2; FATTY-ACIDS; BACILLUS-MEGATERIUM; OLEIC-ACID; COMPOUND; SUBTILIS; PLANT AB In previous studies, a new microbial strain ALA2 was isolated which produced many new products from linoleic acid [Gardner H.W., Hou C.T., Weisleder D. and Brown W. 2000. Lipids 35: 1055-1060; Hou C.T. 1998. 12,13,17-Trihydroxy-9(Z)-Octodecenoic acid and derivatives and microbial isolate for production of the acid. US Patent No. 5, 852, 196]. Strain ALA2 was preliminary identified as Clavibacter sp. based on its physiological and fatty acid profiles. To determine if strain ALA2 is the optimal strain for industrial applications, other related strains were screened for their abilities to convert linoleic acids. Two strains from Clavibacter and 20 type strains from the phylogenetically related genus Microbacterium were studied. Surprisingly, all of these strains tested showed very little or no activity in converting linoleic acid. On reexamination of the identification of strain ALA2, the sequence of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of ALA2 was found to be 99% identical to that of Bacillus megaterium and the strain was also found to have 76.3% DNA homology to the B. megaterium type strain. Therefore, strain ALA2 is now reclassified as B. megaterium. Screening of 56 strains of B megaterium strains showed that many of them were able to produce reasonable amounts of hydroxyl fatty acids from linoleic acid, although strain ALA2 possessed the greatest activity. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM houct@ncaur.usda.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD AUG PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s10482-005-3369-1 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 967QO UT WOS:000232106500009 PM 16096693 ER PT J AU Hile, AG Tordoff, MG AF Hile, AG Tordoff, MG TI Influence of the number of repellent-treated and untreated food or water containers on intake by the European starling SO APPETITE LA English DT Article DE birds; food choice; pest control; taste; foraging ID PREFERENCE; AVERSIONS; SELECTION; BOTTLES; BIRDS; CUES AB The availability of multiple sources of food and drink has a profound influence on choice behavior in rodents. It is not known how other taxa might respond to the same kind of variation in availability. We tested European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) with various combinations of unadulterated and repel lent-treated (0.025% citronellyl acetate) resources. In Experiment 1, birds drank more plain than repel lent-treated water than when given (a) 2 bottles of plain water and 2 of repellent-water, or (b) 3 bottles of plain water and 1 of repellent-water. However, they drank more repellent than water when given 3 bottles of repellent-water and I of plain water. Thus, the aversion to the repellent became indifference when repel lent-water was abundant. In Experiment 2, birds ate more untreated than treated food when given (a) I cup of untreated food and 1 cup of treated food or (b) 2 cups of untreated food and I of treated food. They ate equal amounts of untreated and treated food when given 1 cup of untreated food and 2 cups of treated food. These results demonstrate the effect of relative availability on choice, and imply that availability should be considered when using repellents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Philadelphia Field Stn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hile, AG (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Philadelphia Field Stn, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM ahile@monell.org; tordoff@monell.org OI Tordoff, Michael/0000-0003-1977-9520 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6663 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.appet.2005.03.009 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 952DS UT WOS:000230982900011 PM 15951054 ER PT J AU Morales, CA Porwollik, S Frye, JG Kinde, H McClelland, M Guard-Bouldin, J AF Morales, CA Porwollik, S Frye, JG Kinde, H McClelland, M Guard-Bouldin, J TI Correlation of phenotype with the genotype of egg-contaminating Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE O-CHAIN; FREE D-SERINE; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; BIOFILM FORMATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; III SECRETION; PHAGE TYPE-4; PATHOGENIC STRAINS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB The genotype of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was correlated with the phenotype using DNA-DNA microarray hybridization, ribotyping, and Phenotype MicroArray analysis to compare three strains that differed in colony morphology and phage type. No DNA hybridization differences were found between two phage type 13A (PT13A) strains that varied in biofilm formation; however, the ribotype patterns were different. Both PT13A strains had DNA sequences similar to that of bacteriophage Fels2, whereas the PT4 genome to which they were compared, as well as a PT4 field isolate, had a DNA sequence with some similarity to the bacteriophage ST64b sequence. Phenotype MicroArray analysis indicated that the two PT13A strains and the PT4 field isolate had similar respiratory activity profiles at 37 degrees C. However, the wild-type S. enterica serovar Enteritidis PT13A strain grew significantly better in 20% more of the 1,920 conditions tested when it was assayed at 25 degrees C than the biofilm-forming PT13A strain grew. Statistical analysis of the respiratory activity suggested that S. enterica serovar Enteritidis PT4 had a temperature-influenced dimorphic metabolism which at 25 degrees C somewhat resembled the profile of the biofilm-forming PT13A strain and that at 37 degrees C the metabolism was nearly identical to that of the wild-type PT13A strain. Although it is possible that lysogenic bacteriophage alter the balance of phage types on a farm either by lytic competition or by altering the metabolic processes of the host cell in subtle ways, the different physiologies of the S. enterica serovar Enteritidis strains correlated most closely with minor, rather than major, genomic changes. These results strongly suggest that the pandemic of egg-associated human salmonellosis that came into prominence in the 1980s is primarily an example of bacterial adaptive radiation that affects the safety of the food supply. C1 ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antibiot Resistance Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Sidney Kimmel Canc Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. RP Guard-Bouldin, J (reprint author), ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, USDA, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jbouldin@seprl.usda.gov RI McClelland, Michael/A-8583-2011; Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013; OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395; McClelland, Michael/0000-0003-1788-9347 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI34829] NR 89 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 4388 EP 4399 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4388-4399.2005 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 954OX UT WOS:000231165500032 PM 16085829 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DM Weimer, PJ AF Stevenson, DM Weimer, PJ TI Expression of 17 genes in Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 during fermentation of cellulose or cellobiose in continuous culture SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIUM FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES; RUMINOCOCCUS-ALBUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INSOLUBLE CELLULOSE; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; DILUTION RATE; STEADY-STATE; KINETICS; DEGRADATION; METABOLISM AB Clostridium thermocellum is a thermophilic, anaerobic, cellulolytic bacterium that produces ethanol and acetic acid as major fermentation end products. The effect of growth conditions on gene expression in C thermocellum ATCC 27405 was studied using cells grown in continuous culture under cellobiose or cellulose limitation over a similar to 10-fold range of dilution rates (0.013 to 0.16 h(-1)). Fermentation product distribution displayed similar patterns in cellobiose- or cellulose-grown cultures, including substantial shifts in the proportion of ethanol and acetic acid with changes in growth rate. Expression of 17 genes involved or potentially involved in cellulose degradation, intracellular phosphorylation, catabolite repression, and fermentation end product formation was quantified by real-time PCR, with normalization to two calibrator genes (recA and the 16S rRNA gene) to determine relative expression. Thirteen genes displayed modest (fivefold or less) differences in expression with growth rate or substrate type: sdbA (cellulosomal scaffoldin-dockerin binding protein), cdp (cellodextrin phosphorylase), cbp (cellobiose phosphorylase), hydA (hydrogenase), ldh (lactate dehydrogenase), ack (acetate kinase), one putative type IV alcohol dehydrogenase, two putative cyclic AMP binding proteins, three putative Hpr-like proteins, and a putative Hpr serine kinase. By contrast, four genes displayed > 10-fold-reduced levels of expression when grown on cellobiose at dilution rates of > 0.05 h(-1): cipA (cellulosomal scaffolding protein), celS (exoglucanase), manA (mannanase), and a second type IV alcohol dehydrogenase. The data suggest that at least some cellulosomal components are transcriptionally regulated but that differences in expression with growth rate or among substrates do not directly account for observed changes in fermentation end product distribution. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pjweimer@wisc.edu NR 40 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 4672 EP 4678 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4672-4678.2005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 954OX UT WOS:000231165500065 PM 16085862 ER PT J AU Simon, HM Jahn, CE Bergerud, LT Sliwinski, MK Weimer, PJ Willis, DK Goodman, RM AF Simon, HM Jahn, CE Bergerud, LT Sliwinski, MK Weimer, PJ Willis, DK Goodman, RM TI Cultivation of mesophilic soil crenarchaeotes in enrichment cultures from plant roots SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DNA-SEQUENCES; BULK SOIL; GEN-NOV; ARCHAEA; BACTERIA; PCR; DIVERSITY; RHIZOSPHERE AB Because archaea are generally associated with extreme environments, detection of nonthermophilic members belonging to the archaeal division Crenarchaeota over the last decade was unexpected; they are surprisingly ubiquitous and abundant in nonextreme marine and terrestrial habitats. Metabolic characterization of these nonthermophilic crenarchaeotes has been impeded by their intractability toward isolation and growth in culture. From studies employing a combination of cultivation and molecular phylogenetic techniques (PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism, sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and real-time PCR), we present evidence here that one of the two dominant phylotypes of Crenarchaeota that colonizes the roots of tomato plants grown in soil from a Wisconsin field is selectively enriched in mixed cultures amended with root extract. Clones recovered from enrichment cultures were found to group phylogenetically with sequences from clade C1b.A1. This work corroborates and extends our recent findings, indicating that the diversity of the crenarchaeal soil assemblage is influenced by the rhizosphere and that mesophilic soil crenarchaeotes are found associated with plant roots, and provides the first evidence for growth of nonthermophilic crenarchaeotes in culture. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Gaylord Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Simon, HM (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM simonh@ebs.ogi.edu NR 56 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 4751 EP 4760 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4751-4760.2005 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 954OX UT WOS:000231165500075 PM 16085872 ER PT J AU Lin, H Civerolo, EL Hu, R Barros, S Francis, M Walker, MA AF Lin, H Civerolo, EL Hu, R Barros, S Francis, M Walker, MA TI Multilocus simple sequence repeat markers for differentiating strains and evaluating genetic diversity of Xylella fastidiosa SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIERCES-DISEASE; PATHOGEN AB A genome-wide search was performed to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci among the available sequence databases from four strains of Xylella fastidiosa (strains causing Pierce's disease, citrus variegated chlorosis, almond leaf scorch, and oleander leaf scorch). Thirty-four SSR loci were selected for SSR primer design and were validated in PCR experiments. These multilocus SSR primers, distributed across the X. fastidiosa genome, clearly differentiated and clustered X. fastidiosa strains collected from grape, almond, citrus, and oleander. They are well suited for differentiating strains and studying X. fastidiosa epidemiology and population genetics. C1 ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93548 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM hlin@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 4888 EP 4892 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4888-4892.2005 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 954OX UT WOS:000231165500093 PM 16085890 ER PT J AU DebRoy, C Fratamico, PM Roberts, E Davis, MA Liu, YH AF DebRoy, C Fratamico, PM Roberts, E Davis, MA Liu, YH TI Development of PCR assays targeting genes in O-antigen gene clusters for detection and identification of Escherichia coli O45 and O55 serogroups SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOPOLOGY PREDICTION; CHAIN-LENGTH; SEQUENCE; AMPLIFICATION; PREVALENCE; MECHANISM; STRAINS; O157; WZX AB The Escherichia coli O45 O-antigen gene cluster of strain O45:H2 96-3285 was sequenced, and conventional (singleplex), multiplex, and real-time PCR assays were designed to amplify regions in the wzx (O-antigen flippase) and wzy (O-antigen polymerase) genes. In addition, PCR assays targeting the E. coli O55 wzx and wzy genes were designed based on previously published sequences. PCR assays targeting E. coli O45 showed 100% specificity for this serogroup, whereas by PCR assays specific for E. coli O55, 97/102 strains serotyped as E. coli O55 were positive for wzx and 98/102 for wzy. Multiplex PCR assays targeting the E. coli O45 and the E. coli O55 wzx and wzy genes were used to detect the organisms in fecal samples spiked at levels of 10(6) and 10(8) CFU/0.2 g feces. Thus, the PCR assays can be used to detect and identify E. coli serogroups O45 and O55. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Gastroenter Dis Ctr, Wiley Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP DebRoy, C (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Gastroenter Dis Ctr, Wiley Lab, Wiley Lane, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rcd3@psu.edu NR 25 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 4919 EP 4924 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4919-4924.2005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 954OX UT WOS:000231165500100 PM 16085897 ER PT J AU Wang, YP Wang, GR Shoemaker, NB Whitehead, TR Salyers, AA AF Wang, YP Wang, GR Shoemaker, NB Whitehead, TR Salyers, AA TI Distribution of the ermG gene among bacterial isolates from porcine intestinal contents SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MACROLIDE-LINCOSAMIDE-STREPTOGRAMIN; BACTEROIDES CONJUGATIVE TRANSPOSON; MANURE STORAGE PITS; HUMAN COLONIC BIOTA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; RESISTANCE GENE; SWINE FECES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; TETRACYCLINE; VALIDATION AB The ermG gene was first found in the soil bacterium Bacillus sphaericus. More recently, it was found in several human intestinal Bacteroides species. We report here the first finding of ermG genes in gram-positive bacteria isolated from porcine feces and from under-barn manure pits used to store porcine wastes. The porcine ermG sequences were identical to the sequence of the B. sphaericus ermG gene except that six of the seven ermG-containing strains contained an insertion sequence element insertion in the C-terminal end of the gene. The porcine ermG genes were found in three different gram-positive genera, an indication that it is possible that the gene is being spread by horizontal gene transfer. A, segment of a Bacteroides conjugative transposon that carries an ermG gene cross-hybridized with DNA from six of the seven porcine isolates, but the restriction patterns in the porcine strains were different from that of the Bacteroides conjugative transposon. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shoemaker, NB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, B103 CLSL,601 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM nadjasho@life.uiuc.edu RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R56 AI022383, R01 AI022383, AI/GM 22383] NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 4930 EP 4934 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4930-4934.2005 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 954OX UT WOS:000231165500102 PM 16085899 ER PT J AU Durso, LM Bono, JL Keen, JE AF Durso, LM Bono, JL Keen, JE TI Molecular serotyping of Escherichia coli O26 : H11 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MULTIPLEX PCR; ANTIGEN GENE; O26 STRAINS; H-ANTIGEN; OUTBREAK; BEEF; O111; IDENTIFICATION AB Serotyping is the foundation of pathogenic Escherichia coli diagnostics; however, few laboratories have this capacity. We developed a molecular serotyping protocol that targets, genetically, the same somatic and flagellar antigens of E. coli O26:H11 used in traditional serotyping. It correctly serotypes strains untypeable by traditional methods, affording primary laboratories serotyping capabilities. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Keen, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM keen@email.marc.usda.gov NR 35 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 4941 EP 4944 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4941-4944.2005 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 954OX UT WOS:000231165500105 PM 16085902 ER PT J AU Toscano, MJ Lay, DC AF Toscano, MJ Lay, DC TI Parsing the characteristics of a simulated udder to determine relative attractiveness to piglets in the 72 h following parturition SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pig; mortality; swine; crush; piglet; neonatal; behavior ID SOW BEHAVIOR; NURSING BEHAVIOR; NEWBORN PIGLETS; PERFORMANCE; ENVIRONMENT; PEN; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; CRATE; PIGS AB Crushing of piglets by their sows in modern production systems is a tremendous financial loss to the swine industry and a topic of much research. Our lab had previously designed a "simulated udder" (SU) which successfully used several attractive stimuli that, when placed in the farrowing crate, served to draw the piglet away from the sow to a "safe area". The current study sought to parse out the relative contributions of the various stimuli to the simulated udder as a whole during the first 72 h postpartum. Three experiments, each comparing a variation of the simulated udder and/or a heat lamp only were conducted and the ratio of piglets from each litter using a modified simulated udder to all live piglets in the litter was determined. A cotton cloth without sow odor versus heat lamp resulted in ratios of .85 +/- .01 versus .67 +/- .01 (P < .005), respectively, across all time points. A cotton cloth with odor versus cloth with no odor resulted in ratios of .63 +/- .02 versus .82 +/- .01 (P < .005), respectively, during the 12-24 h post-farrowing, but not during the remaining 48 It post-farrowing. Treatment effects were not found at other time points or in other comparisons (P > .20). Our results confirmed that some characteristics of the simulated udder are more effective at attracting piglets than a heat lamp, though the role of some individual components remains unclear. Similar to results from the original simulated udder, no treatment was effective at reducing the number of crushed piglets. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, MWA, Livestock Behavior Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Lay, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, MWA, Livestock Behavior Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM layd@purdue.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 92 IS 4 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2004.11.008 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 954UA UT WOS:000231179200001 ER PT J AU Li, P Burr, GS Goff, J Whiteman, KW Davis, KB Vega, RR Neill, WH Gatlin, DM AF Li, P Burr, GS Goff, J Whiteman, KW Davis, KB Vega, RR Neill, WH Gatlin, DM TI A preliminary study on the effects of dietary supplementation of brewers yeast and nucleotides, singularly or in combination, on juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Amyloodinium ocellatum; brewers yeast; nucleotide; red drum; nutrition ID HYBRID STRIPED BASS; STREPTOCOCCUS-INIAE INFECTION; X MORONE-SAXATILIS; SECONDARY STRESS RESPONSES; PLASMA-CORTISOL; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BODY-COMPOSITION; BROWN 1931; RESISTANCE AB This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with brewers yeast (Brewtech((R))) and nucleotides (Optimun), either singularly or in combination, on red drum growth, body composition, stress responses and possible resistance to Amyloodinium ocellatum infection. Juvenile red drum (similar to 1 g initially) fed practical fish-meal-based diets for 6 weeks had similar weight gain regardless of whether the diet was unsupplemented (basal) or supplemented with brewers yeast (2% of diet), nucleotides (Optimun at 0.2% of diet) or both brewers yeast (2% of diet) and nucleotides (Optimun at 0.2% of diet). Dietary effects on hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio or whole-body composition were not significant, except that fish fed the singular nucleotide supplement had a significantly higher whole-body lipid content compared with fish fed the basal diet. No significant dietary effects on cortisol response were observed after a 15 min confinement stress test perhaps because of the extreme variation among individual fish. Subsequently, in situ challenge by co-habitation with A. ocellatum caused 100% mortality regardless of dietary treatment within a 48 h period. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of brewers yeast and nucleotides did not promote enhanced growth or improved cortisol response and resistance to uncontrolled amyloodiniosis in juvenile red drum, at least at the tested dosages. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, CCA CPL Marine Dev Ctr, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Gatlin, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM d-gatlin@tamu.edu NR 47 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1120 EP 1127 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01333.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 952GO UT WOS:000230992200011 ER PT J AU Chen, HJ Qualls, RG Blank, RR AF Chen, HJ Qualls, RG Blank, RR TI Effect of soil flooding on photosynthesis, carbohydrate partitioning and nutrient uptake in the invasive exotic Lepidium latifolium SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE flood tolerance; carbohydrate reserve; photosynthesis; nutrient transport; nutrient accumulation; wetland; invasive species ID PINUS-SEROTINA SEEDLINGS; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; REDOX CONDITIONS; PLANT-RESPONSES; TOMATO PLANTS; GROWTH; ROOTS; ACCUMULATION; ETHYLENE AB Lepidium latifolium L. is an invasive exotic crucifer that has spread explosively in wetlands and riparian areas of the western United States. To understand the ecophysiological characteristics of L. latifolium that affect its ability to invade riparian areas and wetlands, we examined photosynthesis, chlorophyll concentration, carbohydrate partitioning and nutrient uptake in L. latifolium in response to soil flooding. Photosynthesis of flooded plants was about 60-70% of the rate of unflooded controls. Chlorophyll concentrations of flooded plants were about 60-70% of the unflooded plants during 1550 days of flooding. Flooding resulted in an increase in leaf starch concentration, but root starch concentration was not significantly affected. However, concentrations of soluble sugar were significantly higher in both leaves and roots of flooded plants than unflooded controls. On day 50 after initial flooding, the concentrations of N, P, K and Zn in leaves of flooded plants were lower than in control plants. The concentrations of Mn and Fe in leaves of flooded plants were eight and two times those of control plants, respectively. In contrast, N, P, K and Zn concentrations of roots of flooded plants were slightly higher than in unflooded plants. The concentrations of Fe and Mn in roots of flooded plants were 15 and 150 times those of the control plants, respectively. The transport of P, K, and Zn to shoots decreased and that of Mn increased under flooding. The accumulation of N, K and Zn in roots decreased and that of Mn increased in response to flooding. The results suggested that the maintenance of relatively high photosynthesis and the accumulation of soluble sugar in roots of flooded plants are important adaptations for this species in flooded environments. Despite a reduction in photosynthesis and disruption in nutrient and photosynthate allocation in response to flooding, L. latifolium was able to survive 50 days of flooding stress. Overall, L. latifolium performed like a facultative hydrophyte species under flooding. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Qualls, RG (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, MS 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM qualls@unr.edu NR 50 TC 61 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 82 IS 4 BP 250 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2005.02.013 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 950IE UT WOS:000230850000002 ER PT J AU Loeb, MJ AF Loeb, MJ TI Altering the fate of stem cells from midgut of Heliothis virescens: The effect of calcium ions SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANDUCA-SEXTA; IN-VITRO; ECDYSTEROID SECRETION; DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; MOTH; PROLIFERATION; LEPIDOPTERA; EPITHELIUM AB Cultured stem cells from larval midgut tissue of the lepidopteran Heliothis virescens respond to alterations in external calcium ion concentration (Ca-out(2+)) changing the rate of stem cell proliferation and by differentiating to larval or non-larval phenotypes. Decreasing the external concentration of Ca2+ with the Ca2+ chelating agent EGTA increased proliferation of stem cells in culture, and doubled the proportion of cells differentiating to columnar and goblet cells typical of larval midgut compared to controls. In contrast, increasing inward transport of Ca2+ into the cells by increasing the concentration of external calcium ion concentration, or by incubation with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (which tends to open inward plasma membrane Ca2+ channels), induced dose-dependent differentiation to non-midgut cell types such as squamous and scale-like cells. However, the latter treatments did not significantly alter stem cell proliferation or differentiation to normal larval midgut epithelium. C1 USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Loeb, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 214,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM geo.mar2@verizon.net NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 202 EP 210 DI 10.1002/arch.20060 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 951IA UT WOS:000230921600002 PM 16034982 ER PT J AU Matthan, NR Jalbert, SM Lamon-Fava, S Dolnikowski, GG Welty, FK Barrett, HR Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Matthan, NR Jalbert, SM Lamon-Fava, S Dolnikowski, GG Welty, FK Barrett, HR Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH TI TRL, IDL, and LDL apolipoprotein B-100 and HDL apolipoprotein A-I kinetics as a function of age and menopausal status SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein; lipids; lipoproteins; stable isotopes; menopausal status; aging ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; POSTMENOPAUSAL HORMONE REPLACEMENT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY; SERUM-LIPIDS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; WOMENS HEALTH; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AB Objective - To determine mechanisms contributing to the altered lipoprotein profile associated with aging and menopause, apolipoprotein B- 100 ( apoB- 100) and apoA- I kinetic behavior was assessed. Methods and Results - Eight premenopausal ( 25 +/- 3 years) and 16 postmenopausal ( 65 +/- 6 years) women consumed for 6 weeks a standardized Western diet, at the end of which a primed- constant infusion of deuterated leucine was administered in the fed state to determine the kinetic behavior of triglyceride- rich lipoprotein ( TRL), intermediate-density lipoprotein ( IDL), and low- density lipoprotein ( LDL) apoB- 100, and high- density lipoprotein ( HDL) apoA- I. Data were fit to a multicompartmental model using SAAM II to calculate fractional catabolic rate ( FCR) and production rate ( PR). Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol ( LDL- C), TRL- C, and triglyceride levels were higher ( 50%, 55%, 130%, and 232%, respectively) in the postmenopausal compared with the premenopausal women, whereas HDL- C levels were similar. Plasma TRL, IDL, and LDL - apoB- 100 levels and pool sizes ( PS) were significantly higher in the postmenopausal than premenopausal women. These differences were accounted for by lower TRL, IDL, and LDL apoB- 100 FCR ( P < 0.05), with no difference in PR. There was no significant difference between groups in HDL- C levels or apoA- I kinetic parameters. Plasma TRL- C concentrations were negatively correlated with TRL apoB- 100 FCR ( r = - 0.46; P < 0.05) and positively correlated with PR ( r = 0.62; P < 0.01). Plasma LDL- C concentrations were negatively correlated with LDL apoB- 100 FCR ( r = - 0.70; P < 0.001) but not PR. Conclusions - The mechanism for the increase in TRL and LDL apoB- 100 PS observed in the postmenopausal women was determined predominantly by decreased TRL and LDL catabolism rather than increased production. No differences were observed in HDL apoA- I kinetics between groups. C1 Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Western Australia, Western Australia Inst Med Res, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Matthan, NR (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nirupa.matthan@tufts.edu OI Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54727, HL 39236] NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1691 EP 1696 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000172629.12846.b8 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 950HO UT WOS:000230848400028 PM 15933247 ER PT J AU Alonso, R Bytnerowicz, A Boarman, WI AF Alonso, R Bytnerowicz, A Boarman, WI TI Atmospheric dry deposition in the vicinity of the Salton Sea, California - I: Air pollution and deposition in a desert environment SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone; nitrogenous pollutants; major ions; surrogate surfaces; arid ecosystems ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; CANOPY; POLLUTANTS; CHEMISTRY; FOREST AB Air pollutant concentrations and atmospheric dry deposition were monitored seasonally at the Salton Sea, southern California. Measurements of ozone (O-3), nitric acid vapor (HNO3), ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were performed using passive samplers. Deposition rates of NO3-, NH4+ , Cl- SO42-, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ to creosote bush branches and nylon filters as surrogate surfaces were determined for oneweek long exposure periods. Maximum O-3 values were recorded in spring with 24-h average values of 108.8 mu g m(-3). Concentrations of NO and NO2 were low and within ranges of the non-urban areas in California (0.4-5.6 and 3.3-16.2 mu g m(-3) ranges, respectively). Concentrations of HNO3 (2.0-6.7 mu g m(-3)) and NH3 (6.4-15.7 mu g m(-3)) were elevated and above the levels typical for remote locations in California. Deposition rates of Cl-, SO42-, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ were related to the influence of sea spray or to suspended soil particles, and no strong enrichments caused by ions originated by human activities were detected. Dry deposition rates of NO3- and NH4+ were similar to values registered in areas where symptoms of nitrogen saturation and changes in species composition have been described. Deposition of nitrogenous compounds might be contributing to eutrophication processes at the Salton Sea. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Alonso, R (reprint author), CIEMAT, Ed 70,Avda Complutense 22, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM rocio.alonso@ciemat.es RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Alonso, Rocio/G-1383-2016 OI Alonso, Rocio/0000-0003-3732-9347 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 26 BP 4671 EP 4679 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.016 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964AR UT WOS:000231848900007 ER PT J AU Alonso, R Bytnerowicz, A Yee, JL Boarman, WI AF Alonso, R Bytnerowicz, A Yee, JL Boarman, WI TI Atmospheric dry deposition in the vicinity of the Salton Sea, California - II: Measurement and effects of an enhanced evaporation system SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE surrogate surfaces; leaf surfaces; arid ecosystems; major ions ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SURROGATE SURFACES; CANOPY; FOREST; FOLIAGE; THROUGHFALL; SELENIUM; SULFATE; IONS AB A study was conducted to determine the effects of salt spray drift from pilot technologies employed by the US Bureau of Reclamation on deposition rates of various air-born ions. An enhanced evaporation system (EES) was tested in the field at the Salton Sea, California. Dry deposition of NO3-, NH4+, SO42-, Cl-, Ca2+ , Na+, K+ and Se was assessed by using nylon filters and branches of natural vegetation exposed for one-week long periods. The simultaneous exposure of both lyophilized branches and branches of live plants offered important information highlighting the dynamics of deposited ions on vegetation. The EES significantly increased the deposition rates of Cl-, SO42- and Na+ in an area of about 639-1062 m surrounding the sprayers. Similarly, higher deposition of Ca2+ and K+ caused by the EES was detected only when deposition was assessed using nylon filters or lyophilized branches. Deposition fluxes of NO3-, NH4+ and Se were not affected by the spraying system. Techniques for measuring dry deposition and calculating landscape-level depositional loads in non-forested systems need further development. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Alonso, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, 208 Univ Lab Bldg, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM rocio.alonso@ciemat.es RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Alonso, Rocio/G-1383-2016 OI Alonso, Rocio/0000-0003-3732-9347 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 26 BP 4681 EP 4689 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.017 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964AR UT WOS:000231848900008 ER PT J AU Spackman, E Pantin-Jackwood, M Day, JM Sellers, H AF Spackman, E Pantin-Jackwood, M Day, JM Sellers, H TI The pathogenesis of turkey origin reoviruses in turkeys and chickens SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-CODING ASSIGNMENT; AVIAN REOVIRUS; INFECTIOUS TENOSYNOVITIS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; POULT ENTERITIS; YOUNG TURKEYS; GENE; PATHOGENICITY; MORTALITY; SEQUENCE AB Avian reoviruses that have been shown to be genetically distinct from chicken origin reoviruses were isolated from commercial turkey flocks in the Southeastern US and Texas that were experiencing enteritis. The pathogenesis of these turkey origin reoviruses (TRVs) was evaluated in commercial and specific pathogen free (SPF) turkey poults and SPF chickens. Mortality, clinical disease, gross lesions, microscopic lesions and body weights were observed. TRVs replicated poorly and did not cause disease in chickens. Clinical disease induced by the TRV isolates, characterized by diarrhoea and depression, was mild in both SPF and commercial origin poults. Several TRV isolates caused moderate to severe bursal atrophy in poults. Additionally, each of the TRV isolates caused significant body weight decreases in SPF and/or commercial poults as compared, with sham inoculates. Molecular characterization of the isolates revealed that the TRVs and chicken origin reoviruses had identical electropherotype profiles. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM espackman@seprl.usda.gov NR 23 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1080/03079450500178501 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 955SS UT WOS:000231248500002 PM 16147564 ER PT J AU Zhang, HM Bacon, LD Cheng, HH Hunt, HD AF Zhang, HM Bacon, LD Cheng, HH Hunt, HD TI Development and validation of a PCR-RFLP assay to evaluate TVB haplotypes coding receptors for subgroup B and subgroup E avian leukosis viruses in White Leghorns SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOCI CONTROLLING RESPONSE; C SARCOMA-VIRUSES; CLOSE LINKAGE; CHICK EMBRYOS; GENE; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INTERFERENCE; INFECTION; ENVELOPE AB The cellular receptor of subgroup B avian leukosis virus (ALVB) is encoded by a gene at the tumour virus B (TVB) locus. TVB alleles encode specific receptors permitting infection by exogenous ALVB or avian leukosis virus subgroup D (ALVD) as well as endogenous avian leukosis virus subgroup E (ALVE), and thus susceptibility is dominant to resistance. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms at the TVB locus have been reported distinguishing three TVB alleles (TVB*S1, TVB*S3 and TVB*R). We have developed a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay using the two single nucleotide polymorphisms to define three observed allelic haplotypes and to identify the six possible TVB genotypes consisting of the three haplotypes in defined laboratory strains of chickens. One additional potential allelic haplotype and four genotypes were also briefly discussed. Chickens from parents heterozygous for different TVB alleles were challenged with Rous sarcoma viruses of subgroup ALVB and ALVE to induce wing-web tumours. Tumour incidences were evaluated between chickens of the genotypes determined with this newly developed PCR-RFLP assay Importantly, chickens typed with this assay as TVB*S3/*S3 were resistant to infection by ALVE only, and those TVB*R/*R were resistant to both ALVE and ALVB. Furthermore, a vast majority of chickens with the susceptible TVB*S1/- genotypes developed a tumour. This PCR-RFLP assay enables a relatively rapid assessment of all six anticipated TVB genotypes in experimental strains of chickens undergoing segregation for TVB*S1, TVB*S3, and TVB*R alleles. This non-infectious assay should be further evaluated for the capacity to select and breed commercial chickens for genetic resistance to infections by ALVB, ALVD and ALVE. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Zhang, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hmzhang@msu.edu NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 324 EP 331 DI 10.1080/03079450500179491 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 955SS UT WOS:000231248500007 PM 16147569 ER PT J AU Gimeno, IM Witter, RL Fadly, AA Silva, RF AF Gimeno, IM Witter, RL Fadly, AA Silva, RF TI Novel criteria for the diagnosis of Marek's disease virus-induced lymphomas SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; CHICKENS; TURKEYS; GENE; HERPESVIRUS; INFECTION; LEUKOSIS; TRANSFORMATION; PATHOGENICITY AB Several novel criteria have been tested to assist in the differential diagnosis of tumours induced by Marek's disease virus (MDV) from those induced by avian leukosis virus (ALV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). A collection of tumours induced by inoculation of specific strains of MDV, ALV and REV, alone or in combination, were tested for quantification of MDV DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction, expression of the MDV oncogene Meq, expression of several cell markers associated with transformation (CD30, Marek's disease-associated surface antigen, and p53), and level of DNA methylation in the tumour cells. In addition, tissues latently infected with MDV and non-infected tissues were tested as controls. Tumours induced by MDV had about 10(2)-fold more copies of MDV DNA than either tissues latently infected by MDV or tumours induced by retrovirus in MDV-vaccinated chickens. Moreover, the MDV antigen Meq was consistently expressed in all MDV tumours but it could not be detected in tissues latently infected with MDV or in tumours induced by retrovirus in MDV-vaccinated chickens. Other markers studied were not specific for MDV and therefore had limited value for diagnosis. Nonetheless, some of these markers might have potential value in research as they will help to identify transformed cells. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Gimeno, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM igimeno@msu.edu NR 45 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 332 EP 340 DI 10.1080/03079450500179715 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 955SS UT WOS:000231248500008 PM 16147570 ER PT J AU Baker, J Howard, R Morrill, W Meers, S Weaver, D AF Baker, J Howard, R Morrill, W Meers, S Weaver, D TI Acetate esters of saturated and unsaturated alcohols (C12-C20) are major components in Dufour glands of Bracon cephi and Bracon lissogaster (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), parasitoids of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera : Cephidae) SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Braconidae; parasitoid; dufour gland; serniochemicals; acetate esters; hydrocarbons; alkenes ID ECTOPARASITOID HABROBRACON-HEBETOR; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; CANESCENS AB Chemistry of Dufour glands associated with the venom complex in Bracon cephi (Gahan) and Bracon lissogaster Muesebeck (Hymenoptera; Braconidae), two parasitoids of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), was examined by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Homologous series of five chemical classes were detected in individual glands from each species. Major classes included: (1) acetate esters of saturated and unsaturated primary alcohols with parent chain lengths from C-12 to C-20. Hexadecanyl acetate, octadecanyl acetate, and octadecenyl acetate were major components in B. cephi. The composition of the acetate series in B. lissogaster was similar except that the octadecanyl acetate was only a minor component. (2) A homologous series of monoenes from C-23:1 to C-35:1 were detected in both species, with C-29:1, C-31:1 and C-33:1 being the major components. Dienes from C-31:2 to C-35:2 and trienes (C-33:3-C-35:3) were also detected in both species. (3) A homologous series of n-alkanes from C-19 to C-31 was detected in both species. n-Tricosane was the major component. Minor components in both species included homologous series of both mono- and dimethyl branched alkanes. The Dufour gland hydrocarbon components in both B. cephi and B. lissogaster have some similarities to the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons of their host C. cinctus, a species with a complex pheromonal signaling system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66505 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Baker, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66505 USA. EM baker@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 33 IS 8 BP 757 EP 769 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2004.12.025 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 948KY UT WOS:000230715900001 ER PT J AU Elpidina, EN Tsybina, TA Dunaevsky, YE Belozersky, MA Zhuzhikov, DP Oppert, B AF Elpidina, EN Tsybina, TA Dunaevsky, YE Belozersky, MA Zhuzhikov, DP Oppert, B TI A chymotrypsin-like proteinase from the midgut of Tenebrio molitor larvae SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article DE chymotrypsin; digestive proteinase; midgut; Tenebrio molitor; yellow mealworm ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; DIGESTIVE ENZYMES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; BETA-PROTEASE; TRYPSIN; PURIFICATION; CDNAS; ENDOPEPTIDASES; SPECIFICITY AB A chymotrypsin-like proteinase was isolated from the posterior midgut of larvae of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme, TmC1, was purified to homogeneity as determined by SDS-PAGE and postelectrophoretic activity detection. TmC1 had a molecular mass of 23.0 kDa, pI of 8.4, a pH optimum of 9.5, and the optimal temperature for activity was 51 degrees C. The proteinase displayed high stability at temperatures below 43 degrees C and in the pH range 6.5-11.2, which is inclusive of the pH of the posterior and middle midgut. The enzyme hydrolyzed long chymotrypsin peptide substrates SucAAPFpNA, SucAAPLpNA and GlpAALpNA and did not hydrolyze short chymotrypsin substrates. Kinetic parameters of the enzymatic reaction demonstrated that the best substrate was SucAAPFpNA, with k(cat) (app) 36.5 s(-1) and K-m 1.59 mM. However, the enzyme had a lower K-m for SucAAPLpNA, 0.5 mM. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) was an effective inhibitor of TmCl, and the proteinase was not inhibited by either tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) or N-alpha-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK). However, the activity of TmC1 was reduced with sulfhydryl reagents. Several plant and insect proteinaceous proteinase inhibitors were active against the purified enzyme, the most effective being Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI). The N-terminal sequence of the enzyme was IISGSAASKGQFPWQ, which was up to 67% similar to other insect chymotrypsin-like proteinases and 47% similar to mammalian chymotrypsin A. The amino acid composition of TmC1 differed significantly from previously isolated T. molitor enzymes. (C) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, AN Bach Inst Biochem, Moscow 117071, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Entomol, Moscow 119992, Russia. ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Elpidina, EN (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM elp@belozersky.msu.ru RI Dunaevsky, Yakov/H-6105-2012; Belozersky, Mikhail/H-5714-2012; Elpidina, Elena/D-5646-2012 NR 34 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 EI 1638-6183 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD AUG PY 2005 VL 87 IS 8 BP 771 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.biochi.2005.02.013 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 954PQ UT WOS:000231167400012 PM 15885871 ER PT J AU Smith, L Mayer, M AF Smith, L Mayer, M TI Field cage assessment of interference among insects attacking seed heads of spotted and diffuse knapweed SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; herbivore; interspecific competition; weed; Centaurea stoebe ssp micranthos; Centaurea maculosa; Centaurea diffusa ID UROPHORA-QUADRIFASCIATA DIPTERA; LARINUS-MINUTUS GYLLENHAL; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA LAM; HOST-SPECIFICITY; TEPHRITIDAE; CURCULIONIDAE; AFFINIS; MONTANA; COL AB Field studies were conducted to determine the competitive interactions between introduced biological control agents that attack the seed heads of spotted knapweed ( Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos) and diffuse knapweed ( Centaurea diffusa). Two weevils, Bangasternus fausti and Larinus minutus ( Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were each paired with the previously established fly, Urophora affinis ( Diptera: Tephritidae). Each species was released either alone or in pair- wise combinations inside screen cages placed over existing knapweed plants at six field sites in Montana and one in Oregon. Larinus minutus produced almost three times as many progeny on diffuse knapweed as on spotted knapweed. Larinus minutus reproduction was not affected by competition with U. affinis, but U. affinis reproduction was reduced by the presence of L. minutus ( by 71% on spotted and 77% on diffuse knapweed). Bangasternus fausti reproduction generally was not affected by competition with U. affinis, nor was U. affinis affected by B. fausti on either host plant. There were extremely few cases of successful production of both weevil and fly in the same capitulum, which was probably because weevil larvae consume the developing flies. Both weevils increased the total proportion of seed heads infested on diffuse knapweed, and B. fausti increased it on spotted knapweed. However, the release of either weevil did not significantly further reduce seed production on either plant. The results and experimental design are discussed in light of the subsequent establishment and impact of these agents. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT USA. RP Smith, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Smith@pw.usda.gov NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 427 EP 442 DI 10.1080/09583150400016902 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 939OP UT WOS:000230082600001 ER PT J AU Fahey, TJ Siccama, TG Driscoll, CT Likens, GE Campbell, J Johnson, CE Battles, JJ Aber, JD Cole, JJ Fisk, MC Groffman, PM Hamburg, SP Holmes, RT Schwarz, PA Yanai, RD AF Fahey, TJ Siccama, TG Driscoll, CT Likens, GE Campbell, J Johnson, CE Battles, JJ Aber, JD Cole, JJ Fisk, MC Groffman, PM Hamburg, SP Holmes, RT Schwarz, PA Yanai, RD TI The biogeochemistry of carbon at Hubbard Brook SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE forest ecosystem; net ecosystem exchange; primary productivity; heterotrophic respiration ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; WHOLE-TREE HARVEST; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; NEW-HAMPSHIRE AB The biogeochemical behavior of carbon in the forested watersheds of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) was analyzed in long-term studies. The largest pools of C in the reference watershed (W6) reside in mineral soil organic matter (43% of total ecosystem C) and living biomass (40.5%), with the remainder in surface detritus (14.5%). Repeated sampling indicated that none of these pools was changing significantly in the late-1990s, although high spatial variability precluded the detection of small changes in the soil organic matter pools, which are large; hence, net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in this 2nd growth forest was near zero (+/- about 20 g C/m(2)-yr) and probably similar in magnitude to fluvial export of organic C. Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of the forest declined by 24% between the late-1950s (462 g C/m(2)-yr) and the late-1990s (354 g C/m(2)-yr), illustrating age-related decline in forest NPP, effects of multiple stresses and unusual tree mortality, or both. Application of the simulation model PnET-II predicted 14% higher ANPP than was observed for 1996 - 1997, probably reflecting some unknown stresses. Fine litterfall flux (171 g C/m(2)-yr) has not changed much since the late-1960s. Because of high annual variation, C flux in woody litterfall ( including tree mortality) was not tightly constrained but averaged about 90 g C/m(2)-yr. Carbon flux to soil organic matter in root turnover (128 g C/m(2)-yr) was only about half as large as aboveground detritus. Balancing the soil C budget requires that large amounts of C (80 g C/m(2)-yr) were transported from roots to rhizosphere carbon flux. Total soil respiration (TSR) ranged from 540 to 800 g C/m(2)-yr across eight stands and decreased with increasing elevation within the northern hardwood forest near W6. The watershed-wide TSR was estimated as 660 g C/m(2)-yr. Empirical measurements indicated that 58% of TSR occurred in the surface organic horizons and that root respiration comprised about 40% of TSR, most of the rest being microbial. Carbon flux directly associated with other heterotrophs in the HBEF was minor; for example, we estimated respiration of soil microarthropods, rodents, birds and moose at about 3, 5, 1 and 0.8 g C/m(2)-yr, respectively, or in total less than 2% of NPP. Hence, the effects of other heterotrophs on C flux were primarily indirect, with the exception of occasional irruptions of folivorous insects. Hydrologic fluxes of C were significant in the watershed C budget, especially in comparison with NEP. Although atmospheric inputs (1.7 g C/m(2)-yr) and streamflow outputs (2.7 g C/m(2)-yr) were small, larger quantities of C were transported within the ecosystem and a more substantial fraction of dissolved C was transported from the soil as inorganic C and evaded from the stream as CO2 (4.0 g C/m(2)-yr). Carbon pools and fluxes change rapidly in response to catastrophic disturbances such as forest harvest or major windthrow events. These changes are dominated by living vegetation and dead wood pools, including roots. If biomass removal does not accompany large-scale disturbance, the ecosystem is a large net source of C to the atmosphere (500 - 1200 g C/m(2)-yr) for about a decade following disturbance and becomes a net sink about 15 - 20 years after disturbance; it remains a net sink of about 200 - 300 g C/m(2)-yr for about 40 years before rapidly approaching steady state. Shifts in NPP and NP associated with common small-scale or diffuse forest disturbances ( e. g., forest declines, pathogen irruptions, ice storms) are brief and much less dramatic. Spatial and temporal patterns in C pools and fluxes in the mature forest at the HBEF reflect variation in environmental factors. Temperature and growing-season length undoubtedly constrain C fluxes at the HBEF; however, temperature effects on leaf respiration may largely offset the effects of growing season length on photosynthesis. Occasional severe droughts also affect C flux by reducing both photosynthesis and soil respiration. In younger stands nutrient availability strongly limits NPP, but the role of soil nutrient availability in limiting C flux in the mature forest is not known. A portion of the elevational variation of ANPP within the HBEF probably is associated with soil resource limitation; moreover, sites on more fertile soils exhibit 20 - 25% higher biomass and ANPP than the forest-wide average. Several prominent biotic influences on C pools and fluxes also are clear. Biomass and NPP of both the young and mature forest depend upon tree species composition as well as environment. Similarly, litter decay differs among tree species and forest types, and forest floor C accumulation is twice as great in the spruce-fir - birch forests at higher elevations than in the northern hardwood forests, partly because of inherently slow litter decay and partly because of cold temperatures. This contributes to spatial patterns in soil solution and streamwater dissolved organic carbon across the Hubbard Brook Valley. Wood decay varies markedly both among species and within species because of biochemical differences and probably differences in the decay fungi colonizing wood. Although C biogeochemistry at the HBEF is representative of mountainous terrain in the region, other sites will depart from the patterns described at the HBEF, due to differences in site history, especially agricultural use and. res during earlier logging periods. Our understanding of the C cycle in northern hardwood forests is most limited in the area of soil pool size changes, woody litter deposition and rhizosphere C flux processes. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Greeley Lab, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Brown Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. SUNY ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Fahey, TJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, 12 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tjf5@cornell.edu RI Johnson, Chris/A-6979-2011; Battles, John/G-8233-2012; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Johnson, Chris/0000-0001-9079-813X; Battles, John/0000-0001-7124-7893; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 223 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 11 U2 136 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD AUG PY 2005 VL 75 IS 1 BP 109 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s10533-004-6321-y PG 68 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 983OK UT WOS:000233241800007 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, AP Pitcairn, MJ Ellis, CK Carruthers, N Ghezelbash, R AF Gutierrez, AP Pitcairn, MJ Ellis, CK Carruthers, N Ghezelbash, R TI Evaluating biological control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) in California: A GIS based supply-demand demographic model SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE yellow starthistle; biological control; weeds; physiologically based modeling; GIS; supply-demand model ID NORTH-AMERICA; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; IMPACT; BIOCONTROL; INVADERS; ACHENES; WEEVIL; COTTON; FIELD AB The biological control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitictlis) by four capitulum-feeding insects (weevils Bangastemus orientalis and Eustenopus villosus, and flies Urophora sirunaseva and Chaetorellia succinea), as affected by plant competition with annual grasses, is analyzed using a weather-driven, physiologically based, age-structured, simulation model. Seed density in the soil seed bank for yellow starthistle and the number of overwintering insects provide between-season links. Seed germination intensity and pattern is determined by the timing and quantity of autumn rains and temperatures, while season-length is mostly determined by soil-water balance. Output from the yellow starthistle systems model was integrated into a geographic information system to examine regional differences in abundance for all species across several ecological zones of California. A marginal analysis of the simulation results was performed to examine the efficacy of each capitulum-feeding insect, their within-capitulum competitive interactions, and the effect of competition from annual grasses on yellow starthistle populations. The model suggests that lack of complete control of yellow starthistle may be due to plant compensation via increased per-plant seed production at lower plant densities and the incomplete destruction of seed in attacked capitula. The model suggests herbivory that reduces the plant's ability to compensate and/or kills whole plants before seed maturity would most likely lead to control of yellow starthistle. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Biol Control, Berkeley, CA USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Biol Control Program, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. USDA, APHIS, CPHST, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gutierrez, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. EM carpediem@nature.berkeley.edu NR 45 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 115 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.04.015 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 953CF UT WOS:000231053000001 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE AF Cottrell, TE TI Predation and cannibalism of lady beetle eggs by adult lady beetles SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE intraguild predation; interspecific; intraspecific; cannibalism; exotic; lady beetle; Coccinellidae; Harmonia axyridis; Coleomegilla maculata; Olla v-nigrum ID HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS PALLAS; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; COCCINELLIDAE POPULATION-DENSITY; INTRA-GUILD PREDATION; INTERSPECIFIC PREDATION; APHIDOPHAGOUS LADYBIRDS; PREY ABUNDANCE; UNITED-STATES; SWEET CORN; LANDSCAPE AB The introduced lady beetle Harmonia axyridis now occurs across much of North America. This species is a strong intraguild competitor that may negatively impact local populations of native Coccinellidae. A laboratory examination of coccinellid egg predation, including cannibalism, revealed that eggs of two native species, Colecomegilla maculata and Olla v-nigrum, had significantly higher egg predation than did H. axyridis eggs. The addition of an alternative food source reduced egg cannibalism and predation. However, in the absence of an alternative food source, both native species attacked exotic eggs less than native eggs whereas, the exotic H. axyridis attacked all egg species similarly. This laboratory study shows that under conditions of low food availability, native coccinellid eggs would suffer from both cannibalism and predation whereas, cannibalism would be the larger threat to H. axyridis eggs. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM tcottrell@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.04.008 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 953CF UT WOS:000231053000005 ER PT J AU Fravel, DR Deahl, KL Stommel, JR AF Fravel, DR Deahl, KL Stommel, JR TI Compatibility of the biocontrol fungus Fusarium oxysporum strain CS-20 with selected fungicides SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium wilt; biopesticide; azoxystrobin; chlorothalonil; mancozeb; mefenoxam; thiram ID NONPATHOGENIC FUSARIUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WILT; TOMATO; PRODUCTS; YEASTS; PEAR AB Fusarium oxysporum strain CS-20 reduces incidence of Fusarium wilt in tomato and other crops. To be integrated into most production systems, strain CS-20 must be compatible with other management practices. We assessed the compatibility of strain CS-20 with seven fungicides recommended for tomato in Maryland. Radial growth of strain CS-20 was recorded on agar medium amended with various concentrations of the fungicides. Fungicides tested did not kill strain CS-20 at the concentrations tested in the in vitro experiment. Azoxystrobin (Quadris) and chlorothalonil (Bravo) were most toxic to strain CS-20 and significantly reduced growth rate and final colony size at 10 ppm a.i. or greater concentrations compared to growth on unamended medium. Thiram (thiram) significantly reduced final colony size at 30 ppm or greater. Mefenoxam + chlorothalonil (Ridomil Gold Bravo) significantly reduced final colony size at 50 ppm or greater. Mancozeb (Manzate) and mancozeb + copper (Mankocide) reduced final colony size only at 100 ppm, while mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold) and mefenoxam + copper (Ridomil Gold Copper) did not affect growth of strain CS-20. In greenhouse tests, tomatoes were drenched with strain CS-20 at seeding and just before transplanting into field soil infested with the pathogen. Plants were treated with fungicides at the highest label rate. Mancozeb is labeled as both a seed treatment and a spray, and was applied each of these ways as separate treatments. Disease incidence of plants from seeds treated with thiram and strain CS-20 was not different from those in the pathogen only control, indicating that thiram was toxic to strain CS-20. Other fungicides toxic in vitro, were less toxic in greenhouse tests, probably because they are applied as sprays to the above-ground portions of the plant. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fravel, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM fraveld@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.04.007 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 953CF UT WOS:000231053000006 ER PT J AU Lord, JC AF Lord, JC TI Low humidity, moderate temperature, and desiccant dust favor efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes : Moniliales) for the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera : Bruchidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Rhyzopertha dominica; diatomaceous earth; lesser grain borer; desiccation; temperature; stress ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ATTACHMENT; CONIDIA; GROWTH; FUNGI; WHEAT AB Entomopathogenic fungi are often considered to be efficacious only with high ambient moisture. When adult female Rhyzopertha dominica were introduced onto wheat kernels with 200 mg/kg of Beauveria bassiana and/or 100 mg/kg of diatomaceous earth (DE) and incubated at 26, 30, 32.5, or 34 degrees C, there was significantly lower emergence of adult progeny at 43% RH than at 75% RH. On grain that was treated with both the fungus and DE, there were 95-97% reductions in adult progeny vs. controls at 43% RH and 22-91% reductions at 75% RH. On grain that was treated with fungus alone, there were 82-90% reductions in progeny adults at 43% RH and only 8-76% reductions at 75% RH. When adult beetles were exposed to B. bassiana at 30 degrees C and RHs of 43, 56, 75, or 85%, the mortality means were not significantly different among humidities, but when the beetles were exposed to B. bassiana from egg to adult under the same regimes, the number that survived was lower for B. bassiana-treated beetles than for control beetles at 43, 56, or 85% RH, but did not differ significantly at 75% RH. A temperature of 34 degrees C had a negative impact on efficacy at 75% RH, but not at 43% RH. Preincubation of conidia at 30 degrees C and 75% RH, but not 43% RH, for 5 days resulted in reduced mortality of adult beetles. The germination rates of B. bassiana conidia declined more rapidly at the greater RHs and when mixed with wheat than when unmixed, thereby reducing residual activity. The lower progeny adult production at 43% RH than at 75% RH, suggests that stress contributes to the greater fungus and DE effects at the lower humidity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Lord, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM lord@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 26 TC 44 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 180 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.05.004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 953CF UT WOS:000231053000008 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Stuart, RJ McCoy, CW AF Shapiro-Ilan, DI Stuart, RJ McCoy, CW TI Targeted improvement of Steinernema carpocapsae for control of the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) through hybridization and bacterial transfer SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE beneficial traits; biological control; entomopathogenic nematode; genetic improvement; Steinernema carpocapsae; Xenorhabdus ID NEMATODE HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; LUMINESCENS; FELTIAE; PATHOGENICITY; PHOTORHABDUS; TOLERANCE; VIRULENCE; FITNESS AB The entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, has shown promise for control of adult pecan weevil, Curculio caryae, a key pest of pecan. In previous studies, the Italian strain of S. carpocapsae was found to be among the most virulent to C caryae adults, but possessed poor heat and desiccation tolerance. In contrast, the DD-136 strain exhibited high levels of heat and desiccation tolerance but low virulence to the weevil. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of developing improved strains of S. carpocapsae by transferring the nematode's bacterial symbiont (Xenorhabdus nematophila) from the Italian strain to the DD-136 strain, and through hybridization between the two wild-type nematodes. Three modified strains were created: one through bacterial transfer alone and two hybrids through controlled crosses. We hypothesized that the improvement approaches would result in strains possessing high levels of heat and desiccation tolerance similar to DD-136 and virulence similar to the, Italian strain. The hypothesis was supported in two out of three modified strains. Heat and desiccation tolerance in all modified strains was more than 2.5-fold greater than the Italian strain and not different from the DD-136 strain, except one hybrid had lower heat tolerance than DD-136. Mortality of adult C caryae from the modified strains at 2 or 3 days post-treatment was greater than from DD-136 and similar to the Italian strain. Overall, the results indicate that bacterial transfer and hybridization could be a valuable tool in improving the biocontrol efficacy of S. carpocapsae. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.05.006 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 953CF UT WOS:000231053000012 ER PT J AU Berner, DK Bruckart, WL AF Berner, DK Bruckart, WL TI A decision tree for evaluation of exotic plant pathogens for classical biological control of introduced invasive weeds SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Carduus nutans; Carduus thoermeri; Centaurea solstitialis; Puccinia carduorum; Puccinia jaceae; rust; smut; yellow starthistle; musk thistle; Russian knapweed; classical biological control; plant pathogen; arthropods; risk analysis ID YELLOW STARTHISTLE; PUCCINIA-JACEAE; UNITED-STATES; MUSK THISTLE; HOST-RANGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CARDUORUM; TELIOSPORES; ORGANISMS; AGENT AB Plant pathogens for biological control of weeds must satisfy criteria for efficacy, safety, and deployment before they are actually included in the list of candidates for weed management strategies. Decisions are made throughout the development of each candidate agent concerning whether or not further research is justified. These decisions concern pathogen attributes such as collection information, Koch's postulates, long-term storage, host specificity, risk, and other factors, including deployment. In addition to the scrutiny from researchers, who become advocates at the time a proposal is made to regulators for introduction or utilization of a candidate, the proposed use of exotic pathogens for release receives additional review by regulators in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). In this paper, the processes for deciding whether to continue or abandon research on a candidate exotic pathogen for classical biological control of weeds in the United States are examined. Discussion is based on the experience accumulated at the Foreign DiseaseWeed Science Research Unit of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service but has broader application to programs involving evaluation of foreign candidates for biological control of any invasive species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Berner, DK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM dberner@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 222 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.04.012 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 953CF UT WOS:000231053000013 ER PT J AU Brown-Brandl, TM Jones, DD Woldt, WE AF Brown-Brandl, TM Jones, DD Woldt, WE TI Evaluating modelling techniques for cattle heat stress prediction SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; IDENTIFICATION; QUALITY; SYSTEM AB Researchers have traditionally predicted animal responses by means of statistical models. This study wasconducted to evaluate modelling techniques. One hundred and twenty-eight feedlot heifers were observed during a 2-month period during the summer of 2002. Respiration rate and surface temperature were taken on a random sample of 40 animals twice a day. Five different models (two statistical models, two fuzzy inference systems, and one neural network) were developed using 70% of this data, and then tested using the remaining 30%. Results showed that the neural network described the most variation in test data (68%), followed by the data-dependent fuzzy model (Sugeno type) (66%), regression models (59 and 62%), while the data-free fuzzy model (Mamdami type) described only 27%. While the neural-network model may be a slightly better approach, the researcher may learn more about responses using a fuzzy inference system approach. For all models tested, respiration rate is over-predicted at low stress conditions and under-predicted at high stress conditions. This suggests that all models are lacking a key piece of input data, possibly the accumulative effects of prior weather conditions, to make an accurate prediction. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Silsoe Research Institute. C1 USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM brandl@email.marc.usda.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 91 IS 4 BP 513 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.04.003 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 957DF UT WOS:000231349000013 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Jacques, PF Selhub, J AF Morris, MS Jacques, PF Selhub, J TI Relation between homocysteine and B-vitamin status indicators and bone mineral density in older Americans SO BONE LA English DT Article DE bone mineral density; folate; homocysteine; osteoporosis; vitamin B12 ID PERNICIOUS-ANEMIA; RISK FACTOR; FOLIC-ACID; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; ELDERLY-WOMEN; PLASMA; OSTEOPOROSIS; SERUM; HOMOCYSTINURIA AB Recent studies have found a connection between hyperhomocysteinemia and hip fracture. If this association is causal, it could be mediated through detrimental effects of low B-vitamin status on bone mineral density (BMD). Studies have linked homocysteine (Hcy) and the established Hcy determinants folate and vitamin B 12, to BMD, but results have been inconsistent. Furthermore, only one study considered the specific marker of tissue vitamin 1312 status, methylmalonic acid (MMA), and none have considered red blood cell (RBC) folate. To further explore associations between Hcy and B-vitamin status indicators and bone health, we used data collected on older (i.e., aged > 55 years) men and women who underwent DEXA scans of the hip as participants in phase 2 of the third U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 1550). We used BMD at the total hip as a continuous outcome variable in some analyses. In others, we used osteoporosis defined on a sex- and race/ethnicity-specific basis according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. After adjusting for demographic factors, body mass index, and other osteoporosis risk factors, BMD decreased and osteoporosis increased significantly with increasing serum MMA quartile category (P < 0.01). Serum vitamin B12 was related to BMD in dose-response fashion up to about 200 pmol/L, and subjects with serum Hcy >= 20 pmol/L had significantly lower BMD than subjects with serum Hey < 10 pmol/L. Furthermore, the OR (95% Cl) relating a serum vitamin 1312 concentration below the 25th percentile to osteoporosis/osteopenia was 2.0 (1.0-3.9), and dose-response trends relating both serum B12 and Hcy to this outcome were marginally statistically significant. Neither serum nor RBC folate was related to BMD or osteoporosis. We conclude that Hey and vitamin B12 status indicators are associated with BMD in older Americans. Whether this association reflects a causal relation remains unclear and merits further study in light of age-related declines in B 12 status and BMD, and the need for low-risk, easily implemented strategies for osteoporosis prevention. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Morris, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,Room 901D, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM martha.morris@tufts.edu NR 37 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD AUG PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2005.04.017 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 951RQ UT WOS:000230948800013 PM 15950558 ER PT J AU Corzo, A Kidd, MT Thaxton, JP Kerr, BJ AF Corzo, A Kidd, MT Thaxton, JP Kerr, BJ TI Dietary tryptophan effects on growth and stress responses of male broiler chicks SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BREEDER MALES; AMINO-ACIDS; REQUIREMENT; PIGS; THREONINE; SEROTONIN; BRAIN; ACTH; NOREPINEPHRINE; TEMPERATURE AB 1. Three experiments were conducted to determine growth of broiler chicks fed on test diets formulated to be deficient or adequate in tryptophan (Trp) using gelatin by-product as a means of generating a Trp deficiency. Growth response estimates of broiler chicks to graduations of Trp were determined by dose - response criteria and regression analyses. Experiments were conducted using broiler chicks from 1 to 20 d of age. 2. Broiler chicks fed Trp-deficient diets had poor body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. Recommended total Trp needs were 2.0, 2.1 and 2.2 g/kg for feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion, respectively. 3. Blood plasma Trp exhibited a sigmoidal trend while blood plasma glucose increased in a linear manner to supplemental Trp. Physiological stress variables measured were unaffected by dietary Trp. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Corzo, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Box 9665, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM acorzo@poultry.msstate.edu NR 41 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 46 IS 4 BP 478 EP 484 DI 10.1080/00071660500157974 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 958FJ UT WOS:000231429800011 PM 16268106 ER PT J AU Reszka, E Chung, KR Tekauz, A Malkus, A Arseniuk, E Krupinsky, JM Tsang, H Ueng, PP AF Reszka, E Chung, KR Tekauz, A Malkus, A Arseniuk, E Krupinsky, JM Tsang, H Ueng, PP TI Presence of beta-glucosidase (bgl1) gene in Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Phaeosphaeria avenaria f.sp triticea SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE wheat; oat; Phaeosphaeria; beta-glucosidase gene ID OAT-LEAF SAPONINS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; SEPTORIA DISEASES; ALPHA-TOMATINE; WHEAT; DETOXIFICATION; RESISTANCE; CEREALS; BARLEY AB Phaeosphaeria avenaria f.sp. avenaria (Paa), the causal agent of stagonospora leaf blotch in oats, produces a glycosyl hydrolase family 3 enzyme, beta-glucosidase, which is responsible for detoxification of steroidal avenacosides in oat leaves, but is not essential for pathogenicity. For a comparative genetic relatedness study, a Paa-like beta-glucosidase gene (bgl1) was PCR-amplified from Phaeosphaeria nodorum and P. avenaria f.sp. triticea, and Phaeosphaeria spp. from dallis grass (Paspalum dilatatum) (isolate S-93-48) and rye (Secale cereale) (isolate Sn48-1). Different sizes of bgl1 gene coding sequences ranging from 3018 to 3023 bp were determined. The bgl1 gene structure in these Phaeosphaeria species was identical to that of Paa and contained four exons and three introns. Nucleotide variations occurring in introns 1 and 2 of the bgl1 gene divided wheat-biotype P. nodorum into four groups. Two 12-bp-long direct sequence repeats (5'-TCA/G ACT GGT TT/CA/G) were found in the promoter region of the bgl1 gene in Phaeosphaeria species; only one repeat was present in the two P. avenaria f.sp. triticea isolates ATCC26370 and ATCC26377 (Pat2) from foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) and some homothallic P. avenaria f.sp. triticea isolates (Pat1). With sequence similarities in the noncoding internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear rDNA, the partial gpd gene fragment containing the intron 4, and the full-length bgl1 gene, five Phaeosphaeria isolates (5413, 1919WRS, 1920WRS, 1921WRS, Sa37-2) from oat (Avena sativa) were molecularly determined to be Paa. Two oat isolates (Sa38-1 and Sa39-2) from Poland appeared to be Pat1. The results suggest that classification of two Phaeosphaeria avenaria formae speciales based on host specificity should be re-evaluated. C1 ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Plant Breeding & Acclimatizat Inst, Dept Plant Pathol, Radzikow, Poland. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Ueng, PP (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM uengp@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Tsang, Hsinyi/C-9547-2011 NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1001 EP 1014 DI 10.1139/B05-052 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 978EK UT WOS:000232856200006 ER PT J AU Meyer, MD North, MP AF Meyer, MD North, MP TI Truffle abundance in riparian and upland mixed-conifer forest of California's southern Sierra Nevada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE truffles; riparian; Sierra Nevada ID DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; SPOROCARP PRODUCTION; WESTERN OREGON; OLD-GROWTH; STANDS; PATTERNS; CONSUMPTION; MYCORRHIZAL; DIVERSITY AB We compared the abundance, diversity, and composition of truffles in riparian and upland areas within a mixed-conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada of California. We sampled for truffles in a single watershed over two seasons (spring and summer) and 4 years to determine whether truffles were more abundant and diverse in riparian than upland sites in old-growth, mixed-conifer forest. Truffle frequency, biomass, and species richness were greater in riparian sites than in upland sites in both spring and summer samples. Species composition of truffles also was different between sites, with nine and one species found exclusively in riparian and upland sites, respectively. Distance between the center of truffle plots to logs and trees was lower and soil moisture was greater in riparian sites compared with upland sites, suggesting that log density, tree proximity, and soil moisture may influence truffle production in these habitats. Our study underscores the importance of riparian areas for truffles, a primary food source for northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) in the Sierra Nevada of California. C1 US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Meyer, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 2121 2nd St,Suite A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM marcmeyer@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1015 EP 1020 DI 10.1139/B05-054 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 978EK UT WOS:000232856200007 ER PT J AU Soucy, R Heitzman, E Spetich, MA AF Soucy, R Heitzman, E Spetich, MA TI The establishment and development of oak forests in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FIRE; REGENERATION; HISTORY; USA; DENDROECOLOGY; RECRUITMENT; STANDS AB The disturbance history of six mature white oak (Quercus alba L.) - northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) - hickory (Carya spp.) stands in the Ozark Mountains of northern Arkansas were reconstructed using tree-ring and fire-scar analysis. Results indicate that all six stands originated in the early 1900s following timber harvesting and (or) fire. These disturbances initiated a pulse of oak-dominated establishment. Most sites were periodically burned during the next several decades. Abrupt radial growth increases in all stands during the 1920s to 1940s reflected additional disturbances. These perturbations likely provided growing space for existing trees, but did not result in increased seedling establishment. Thus, multiple disturbances were important in the origin and development of the stands studied. By the 1930s and 1940s, oak establishment was replaced by shade-tolerant, fire-intolerant non-oak species; few oak recruited into tree size classes after the 1950s. The decrease in oaks and the increase in non-oaks coincided with fire suppression. Few scars were recorded during the past 60-70 years. Prescribed fire may be an important management tool in regenerating oak forests in northern Arkansas. C1 Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. USDA, Forest Serv So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Heitzman, E (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM eric.heitzman@mail.wvu.edu NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1790 EP 1797 DI 10.1139/x05-104 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 978EM UT WOS:000232856400002 ER PT J AU Schweigkofler, W Otrosina, WJ Smith, SL Cluck, DR Maeda, K Peay, KG Garbelotto, M AF Schweigkofler, W Otrosina, WJ Smith, SL Cluck, DR Maeda, K Peay, KG Garbelotto, M TI Detection and quantification of Leptographium wageneri, the cause of black-stain root disease, from bark beetles (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) in Northern California using regular and real-time PCR SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DUTCH ELM DISEASE; SP-NOV; PINE; VERTICICLADIELLA; OPHIOSTOMA AB Black-stain root disease is a threat to conifer forests in western North America. The disease is caused by the ophiostomatoid fungus Leptographium wageneri (W.B. Kendr.) M.J. Wingf., which is associated with a number of bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and weevil species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). We developed a polymerase chain reaction test to identify and quantify fungal DNA directly from insects. Leptographium wageneri DNA was detected on 142 of 384 bark beetle samples (37%) collected in Lassen National Forest, in northeastern California, during the years 2001 and 2002. Hylastes macer (LeConte) was the bark beetle species from which Leptographium DNA was amplified most regularly (2001: 63.4%, 2002: 75.0% of samples). Lower insect-fungus association rates were found for Hylurgops porosus (LeConte), Hylurgops subcostulatus (Mannerheim), Hylastes gracilis (LeConte), Hylastes longicollis (Swaine), Dendroctonus valens (LeConte), and Ips pini (Say). The spore load per beetle ranged from 0 to over 1 x 10(5) spores, with only a few beetles carrying more than 1 x 10(3) spores. The technique permits the processing of a large number of samples synchronously, as required for epidemiological studies, to study infection rates in bark beetle populations and to identify potential insect vectors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. RP Garbelotto, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM matteo@nature.berkeley.edu OI Peay, Kabir/0000-0002-7998-7412 NR 39 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1798 EP 1808 DI 10.1139/x05-077 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 978EM UT WOS:000232856400003 ER PT J AU Yang, ZQ Cohen, WB Harmon, ME AF Yang, ZQ Cohen, WB Harmon, ME TI Modeling early forest succession following clear-cutting in western Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GROWTH FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; RATES; USA; DISTURBANCES; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; PATHWAYS AB In the Pacific Northwest, the process of conifer development after stand-replacing disturbance has important implications for many forest processes (e.g., carbon storage, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity). This paper examines conifer development in the Coast Range Province and Western Cascades Province of Oregon using repeat interpretation of historic aerial photographs from 1959 to 1997 to examine the canopy cover change of different life forms: shrubs, hardwood trees, and conifer trees. Ninety-four stands from the Western Cascades Province and 59 stands from the Coast Range Province were photointerpreted in roughly 5-year intervals. A Chapman-Richards growth function was used to model conifer cover development for all sample stands. Based on the photo data and the Chapman-Richards function, these stands were classified into one of seven early forest successional trajectories defined by the vegetation physiognomy. Succession in the Coast Range Province and Western Cascades Province were compared using parameters derived from the Chapman-Richards growth function. Our results echo previous studies in that rates and densities of conifer regeneration varied markedly among sites; however, our results also indicate that early forest succession differs in the two study regions in terms of both trajectories and rates. Conifer regeneration in the Western Cascades Province tends to have longer delays in establishing and slower rates compared with the Coast Range Province. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yang, ZQ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM zhiqiang.yang@oregonstate.edu NR 51 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1889 EP 1900 DI 10.1139/x05-132 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 978EM UT WOS:000232856400011 ER PT J AU Boggs, JL McNulty, SG Gavazzi, MJ Myers, JM AF Boggs, JL McNulty, SG Gavazzi, MJ Myers, JM TI Tree growth, foliar chemistry, and nitrogen cycling across a nitrogen deposition gradient in southern Appalachian deciduous forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SUGAR MAPLE STANDS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; SOIL RESPIRATION; ACID DEPOSITION; NEW-ENGLAND; RED SPRUCE; ECOSYSTEM; ADDITIONS; USA; MINERALIZATION AB The declining health of high-elevation red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) in the southern Appalachian region has long been linked to nitrogen (N) deposition. Recently, N deposition has also been proposed as a source of negative health impacts in lower elevation deciduous forests. In 1998 we established 46 plots on six sites in North Carolina and Virginia dominated by American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt). We evaluated several response variables across an N deposition gradient, including annual basal area growth; foliage percent N, Al, P, K, Mg, and Ca; and forest floor percent N, Mg, and C, pH, and potential net nitrification and N mineralization rates. We found a significant linear relationship between N deposition and basal area growth in sugar maple, but not in American beech or yellow birch. In addition, we found a significant relationship between N deposition and foliar chemistry (foliar %N in all species, foliar Mg/N and %K in sugar maple, and %P in sugar maple and yellow birch). Foliar %N of the three studied species was high relative to values reported in other studies in the United States and Canada. Several forest floor response variables (%N, C/N, pH, Mg/N, and potential net nitrification and N mineralization rates and nitrification/mineralization fractions) were also correlated with N deposition. The correlations between the above response variables and N deposition are consistent with the influence of chronic N deposition on forested ecosystems measured in other regions and suggest that chronic N deposition may be influencing forest structure and chemistry within the southern region. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Boggs, JL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Global Change Program, 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300,Venture Ctr 2, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM jboggs@ncsu.edu NR 58 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 32 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1901 EP 1913 DI 10.1139/x05-128 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 978EM UT WOS:000232856400012 ER PT J AU Schaberg, PG Hennon, PE D'Amore, DV Hawley, GJ Borer, CH AF Schaberg, PG Hennon, PE D'Amore, DV Hawley, GJ Borer, CH TI Seasonal differences in freezing tolerance of yellow-cedar and western hemlock trees at a site affected by yellow-cedar decline SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS; MONTANE RED SPRUCE; CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; COLD-HARDINESS; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; FROST HARDINESS; POPULATIONS; STECKLINGS; SEEDLINGS; SYMPTOMS AB To assess whether inadequate cold hardiness could be a contributor to yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach) decline, we measured the freezing tolerance of foliage from yellow-cedar trees in closed-canopy (nondeclining) and open-canopy (declining at elevations below 130 m) stands at three sites along an elevational gradient in the heart of the decline in southeastern Alaska. Foliar freezing tolerance was also assessed for sympatric nondeclining western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.). Measurements were made in the fall, winter, and spring to evaluate if seasonal differences in cold hardiness help explain species-specific injury. Significant differences in freezing tolerance attributable to site, canopy closure, species, and the interaction of canopy closure and species were each detected for at least one sample period. However, only two results were consistent with field reports of yellow-cedar decline: (1) between winter and spring measurements, yellow-cedar trees dehardened almost 13 degrees C more than western hemlock trees, so that yellow-cedar trees were more vulnerable to foliar freezing injury in spring than western hemlock; and (2) stands below 130 m appeared more vulnerable to freezing injury than stands above 130 m. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM pschaberg@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8 BP 2065 EP 2070 DI 10.1139/X05-131 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 978EM UT WOS:000232856400025 ER PT J AU Andersen, HE Reutebuch, SE McGaughey, RJ AF Andersen, Hans-Erik Reutebuch, Stephen E. McGaughey, Robert J. TI Accuracy of an IFSAR-derived digital terrain model under a conifer forest canopy SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Accurate digital terrain models (DTMs) are necessary for a variety of forest resource management applications, including watershed management, timber harvest planning, and fire management. Traditional methods for acquiring topographic data typically rely on aerial photogrammetry, where measurement of the terrain surface below forest canopy is difficult and error prone. The recent emergence of airborne P-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR), a high-resolution, microwave remote sensing technology, has the potential to provide significantly more accurate terrain models in forested areas. Low-frequency, P-band radar energy physically penetrates through the vegetation canopy and reflects from the underlying terrain surface, allowing for accurate measurement of the terrain surface elevation even in areas with dense forest cover. In this study, the accuracy of a high-resolution DTM derived from P-band IFSAR data collected over a mountainous forest area in western Washington State was rigorously evaluated through a comparison with 347 topographic checkpoints measured with total station survey equipment and collected under a variety of canopy densities. The mean DTM error was -0.28 +/- 2.59 m (mean +/- standard deviation), and the root mean squared error (RMSE) was 2.6 m. DTM elevation errors for four canopy cover classes were -0.67 +/- 1.20 m (RMSE = 1.38 m) for clearcut, -0.62 +/- 1.00 m (RMSE = 1.18 m) for heavily thinned, -0.41 +/- 2.32 m (RMSE = 2.36 m) for lightly thinned, and 0.20 +/- 3.31 m (RMSE = 3.32 m) for uncut. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Andersen, HE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM hanserik@u.washington.edu NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI OTTAWA PA 1750 COURTWOOD CRESCENT, STE 105, OTTAWA, ON K2C 2B5, CANADA SN 0703-8992 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 107ZU UT WOS:000242210300003 ER PT J AU Dietrich, M Block, G Pogoda, JM Buffler, P Hecht, S Preston-Martin, S AF Dietrich, M Block, G Pogoda, JM Buffler, P Hecht, S Preston-Martin, S TI A review: dietary and endogenously formed N-nitroso compounds and risk of childhood brain tumors SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Review DE diet; N-nitroso compounds; childhood brain tumors ID CURED MEAT CONSUMPTION; SOUTH-WALES CHILDREN; BD-IX-RATS; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; CANCER PREVENTION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SODIUM-NITRITE; MATERNAL DIET AB Maternal dietary exposure to N-nitroso compounds (NOC) or to their precursors during pregnancy has been associated with risk of childhood brain tumors. Cured meat is one source of exposure to dietary NOC and their precursors. Most epidemiological studies that have examined the role of maternal consumption of cured meats during pregnancy have found a significant positive association between maternal intake of cured meat and the risk of childhood brain tumor (CBT). NOC consist of two main groups, N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosamides. The carcinogenicity profiles of NOC suggest that N-nitrosamides rather than N-nitrosamines are the compounds that may be associated with CBT and that they should be investigated more closely in epidemiological studies. We present a review of the chemical and carcinogenic properties of NOC in connection with the findings of case-control studies. This approach may be helpful in determining the essential information that must be collected in future epidemiological studies on CBT. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Canc, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Dietrich, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Marion.Dietrich@tufts.edu RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010; OI Hecht, Stephen/0000-0001-7228-1356 NR 104 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 6 BP 619 EP 635 DI 10.1007/s10552-005-0168-y PG 17 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 950GC UT WOS:000230844600001 PM 16049800 ER PT J AU Yu, QY Moore, PH Albert, HH Roader, AHK Ming, R AF Yu, QY Moore, PH Albert, HH Roader, AHK Ming, R TI Cloning and characterization of a FLORICAULA/LEAFY ortholog, PFL, in polygamous papaya SO CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE divergence; floral meristem identity gene; flower development; gene expression; molecular phylogeny ID FLORAL MERISTEM IDENTITY; HOMEOTIC GENE; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; LEAFY; ARABIDOPSIS; INITIATION; APETALA1; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION AB The homologous genes FLORICAULA (FLO) in Antirrhinum and LEAFY (LFY) in Arabidopsis are known to regulate the initiation of flowering in these two distantly related plant species. These genes are necessary also for the expression of downstream genes that control floral organ identity. We used Arabidopsis LFY cDNA as a probe to clone and sequence a papaya ortholog of LFY, PFL. It encodes a protein that shares 61% identity with the Arabidopsis LFY gene and 71% identity with the LFY homologs of the two woody tree species: California sycamore (Platanus racemosa) and black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). Despite the high sequence similarity within two conserved regions, the N-terminal proline-rich motif in papaya PFL differs from other members in the family. This difference may not affect the gene function of papaya PFL, since an equally divergent but a functional LFY ortholog NEEDLY of Pinus radiata has been reported. Genomic and BAC Southern analyses indicated that there is only one copy of PFL in the papaya genome. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrated that PFL is expressed at a relatively low level in leaf primordia, but it is expressed at a high level in the floral meristem. Quantitative PCR analyses revealed that PFL was expressed in flower buds of all three sex types-male, female, and hermaphrodite with marginal difference between hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers. These data suggest that PFL may play a similar role as LFY in flower development and has limited effect on sex differentiation in papaya. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sect Cell & Dev Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM rming@harc-hspa.com NR 41 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU INST BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY PI SHANGHAI PA SIBS, CAS, 319 YUEYAND ROAD, SHANGHAI, 200031, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0602 J9 CELL RES JI Cell Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 8 BP 576 EP 584 DI 10.1038/sj.cr.7290327 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 963ZF UT WOS:000231844600004 PM 16117847 ER PT J AU Shin, EW Rowell, RM AF Shin, EW Rowell, RM TI Cadmium ion sorption onto lignocellulosic biosorbent modified by sulfonation: the origin of sorption capacity improvement SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE juniper wood; lignocellulosic biosorbent; sulfonic acid group; cadmium removal; coniferaldehyde group ID HEAVY-METAL IONS; FT-IR; CELL-WALL; SPECTROSCOPY; BIOSORPTION; EXCHANGE; ESTERIFICATION; ADSORPTION; BINDING; BIOMASS AB Juniper (Juniperus monosperma), a small-diameter underutilized material, has been studied as a lignocellulosic biosorbent for removing heavy metals from water. In this study, juniper wood was modified by sulfonation to enhance sorption capacity for cadmium in water. The origin of the enhancement was investigated by observing the sorption behaviors and the change in surface functional group concentrations. Cadmium sorption by all juniper wood biosorbents studied was fast and the sorption capacity decreased with decreasing pH, similar to results found for other biosorbents. Sulfonated juniper was found to have at least twice the sorption capacity for cadmium removal from water compared to that of untreated juniper, though the sorption capacity increased with increasing pH. A slight increase in carboxylate content after sulfonation was likely responsible for a small portion of the enhancement. Elemental analysis showed an increase in sulfur content after sulfonation. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectra showed a decrease in the band at 1660 cm(-1) in the range of carbonyl groups as a result of sulfonation. This indicates that coniferaldehyde groups in the lignin of juniper wood corresponding to this band were substituted into sulfonic acid groups after sulfonation. This interpretation was supported by both the color forming reaction with phloroglucinol-hydrochloric acid and the reaction mechanisms from the acid sulfite pulping process. Consequently, the enhancement of cadmium sorption capacity of juniper wood by sulfonation mainly originated from the production of sulfonic acid groups, which are binding sites for heavy metals. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ulsan, Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Shin, EW (reprint author), Univ Ulsan, Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, San 29, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. EM ewshin@mail.ulsan.ac.kr NR 37 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2005 VL 60 IS 8 BP 1054 EP 1061 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.017 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 960JQ UT WOS:000231587000007 PM 15993152 ER PT J AU Xu, SS Faris, JD Cai, X Klindworth, DL AF Xu, SS Faris, JD Cai, X Klindworth, DL TI Molecular cytogenetic characterization and seed storage protein analysis of 1A/1D translocation lines of durum wheat SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chromosome translocation; durum wheat; fluorescent genomic in-situ hybridization; gliadin; glutenin subunit; microsatellite marker ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; GLUTENIN SUBUNIT COMPOSITION; COMMON WHEAT; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; WEIGHT SUBUNITS; GLU-D1 LOCUS; IDENTIFICATION; GLIADIN; GENES AB Two durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] lines carrying the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits (GS) 1Dx5 + 1Dy10 encoded by Glu-D1d, L252 and S99B34, were characterized using fluorescent genomic in-situ hybridization (FGISH) and microsatellite markers. These two durum lines were derived from the crosses in which the common wheat (T. aestivum L.) 'Len' and durum wheat 'Langdon' (LDN) and 'Renville' were involved. FGISH patterns of the mitotic chromosomes indicated that these two durum lines have one pair of 1AS.1AL-1DL translocated chromosomes in which the terminal region of 1AL was replaced by a homoeologous segment of 1DL. The 1DL segment spans approximately 31% of the long arm of the translocated chromosome. Microsatellite marker analysis confirmed the 1AS.1AL-1DL translocation and determined the translocation breakpoint to be distal to Xgwm357 on 1AL. Seed storage proteins (GS and gliadins) were analysed in these two 1AS.1AL-1DL translocation lines and three sib lines (L092, S99B19 and S99B33) using SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE. The SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE profiles demonstrated that the two low yielding lines (L252 and S99B19) had the low-molecular-weight (LMW) -1 GS encoded by Glu-A3k and Glu-B3s and 1B-encoded gliadins from LDN, and the other three lines (L092, S99B33 and S99B34) with higher yield had LMW-2 GS and 1B-encoded gliadins from Renville, suggesting that undesirable genetic components from LDN might limit substantial improvement of yield. Thus, the translocation lines with 1Dx5 + 1Dy10 and LMW-2, which are associated with good bread-making and pasta qualities, respectively, in a good genetic background will be useful for developing durum cultivars with dual-purpose end-use. Results from this study demonstrate that the D-genome could play an important role in the genetic improvement of durum wheat and evolution of the A- and B-genomes in tetraploid wheat. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xus@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 13 IS 6 BP 559 EP 568 DI 10.1007/s10577-005-0981-x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 965KD UT WOS:000231948500003 PM 16170620 ER PT J AU Finlay, WJJ deVore, NC Dobrovolskaia, EN Gam, A Goodyear, CS Slater, JE AF Finlay, WJJ deVore, NC Dobrovolskaia, EN Gam, A Goodyear, CS Slater, JE TI Exploiting the avian immunoglobulin system to simplify the generation of recombinant antibodies to allergenic proteins SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY LA English DT Article DE 2D SDS-PAGE; chicken; ELISA; phage display; scFv; Western blot ID PHAGE-DISPLAY; RAGWEED POLLEN; MAJOR ALLERGEN; IMMUNIZED HENS; ANTIGEN-E; FRAGMENTS; DIABODIES; CLONING; TECHNOLOGY; TRIABODIES AB Background Monoclonal antibodies are a valuable tool in the study of allergens, but the technology used in their generation can be slow and labour-intensive. Therefore, we have examined recombinant antibody development by phage-display against single allergens and protein mixtures. Objective We used the avian immunoglobulin system (generated from single V-H and V-L genes) to provide a rapid method for generating highly specific recombinant antibody fragments from a minimal number of animals. Methods A single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) library was generated from a single chicken immunized with model allergens. ScFvs were isolated by phage-display and their properties investigated by ELISA and Western blot. Results Mono-specific scFvs were generated against recombinant Fel d 1 and native Amb a 1. Pannings against yellow jacket venom extracts only yielded clones that reacted with multiple proteins in the venom extract. The scFvs from each panning type were effectively expressed in Escherichia coli and readily purified. Highly specific and sensitive recognition of Fel d 1 and Amb a 1 was demonstrated in ELISA, with scFvs displaying antibody-concentration-dependent absorbance curves down to picogram levels of antibody. The specificity of selected antibodies for their cognate antigen was further confirmed in Western blot analysis, with scFvs directed to either Fel d 1 or Amb a 1 showing no reactivity for the other antigens used in immunization. Anti-Amb a 1 scFvs also mapped Amb a 1-isoform location in Western blot of ragweed extracts separated by 2D SDS-PAGE. DNA sequence analysis of scFvs showed that multiple different clones had been generated against Fel d 1 and Amb a 1. Using two anti-Fel d 1 scFv for ELISA analysis of Fel d 1 content in crude cat pelt extracts, we could produce data which were highly similar (P=0.33 and 0.89 by paired t-test analysis) to those obtained using conventional assays (radial immunodiffusion). Conclusion Phage-display technology may generate multiple allergen-specific recombinant antibody fragments from a single chicken, to allergens from mammalian, plant and insect sources. The resulting antibody fragments are of demonstrable use in allergen identification and quantification, in comparison with standard immunoassays. C1 USDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Slater, JE (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, 29 Lincoln Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM SlaterJ@cber.fda.gov OI Goodyear, Carl/0000-0001-5926-5941 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-7894 J9 CLIN EXP ALLERGY JI Clin. Exp. Allergy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1040 EP 1048 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02307.x PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 957UL UT WOS:000231398700009 PM 16120086 ER PT J AU Timme-Laragy, AR Meyer, JN Waterland, RA Di Giulio, RT AF Timme-Laragy, AR Meyer, JN Waterland, RA Di Giulio, RT TI Analysis of CpG methylation in the killifish CYP1A promoter SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CpG methylation; 5-methylcytosine; epigenetics; cytochrome P4501A; Elizabeth River; Fundulus heteroclitus; embryo; PAHs; creosote ID FISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DNA METHYLATION; PROLONGED EXPOSURE; ATLANTIC TOMCOD; EXPRESSION; GENE; PCB; RESISTANCE AB Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish or mummichog) inhabiting a creosote-contaminated Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (VA, USA), exhibit a lack of induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) mRNA, immunodetectable protein, and catalytic activity after exposure to typical inducers. This "refractory CYP1A phenotype" is not explained by alterations in mRNA expression of known CYPIA transcription factors. Furthermore, the refractory phenotype is lost progressively during development in laboratory-reared F, generation fish. Thus, while heritable, the refractory CYPIA phenotype does not appear to be genetically based. To test the hypothesis that cytosine methylation at CpG sites in the promoter region of CYPIA underlies the refractory CYPIA phenotype, we employed bisulfite sequencing to compare the methylation status of CpG sites in the CYP1A promoter region of DNA from killifish from the Elizabeth River and a reference site. We examined genomic DNA both from livers of wild-caught adult killifish and from pools of F, generation embryos raised in the laboratory. In fish from both the contaminated and the reference site, cytosine methylation was not detectable at any of the 34 CpG sites examined, including 3 that are part of putative xenobiotic response elements. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Integrated Toxicol Program, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. RP Timme-Laragy, AR (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Integrated Toxicol Program, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM art7@duke.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 P42 ES07381, 5 P42 ES10356, T32-ES-07031-21A1] NR 47 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 141 IS 4 BP 406 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.09.009 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 991EK UT WOS:000233794900011 PM 16257583 ER PT J AU Bennedsen, BS Peterson, DL Tabb, A AF Bennedsen, BS Peterson, DL Tabb, A TI Identifying defects in images of rotating apples SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE apple; defects; image processing; sorting AB An experimental machine vision system was used to identify surface defects on apples, including bruises. Images were captured through two optical filters at 740 and 950 nm, respectively. In the ensuing grey scale images, defects appeared as dark areas, however, so did shadows and parts of the stem/calyx area. This paper reports a novel approach to locate the defects and eliminate other dark areas. The method is based on rotating the apples in front of the camera while multiple images are acquired. Dark areas, which are found at the same position, relative to the apple, during the rotation, represent defects, while other dark areas, which change shape and/or position from one frame to the next, are not classified as defects. In a test using 54 Pink Lady apples with 56 defects, the system successfully detected 52, or 92% while providing two false positive. In another test with Ginger Gold Apples, where the rotation technique was combined with images of the stem and calyx regions, 90% of the defects were detected with no false positives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bennedsen, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM bbennedsen@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2005.01.003 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 954ZF UT WOS:000231193500002 ER PT J AU Kilgo, JC AF Kilgo, JC TI Harvest-related edge effects on prey availability and foraging of hooded warblers in a bottomland hardwood forest SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE arthropod; bottomland hardwoods; canopy gap; foraging; Hooded Warbler; timber harvest; Wilsonia citrina ID BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES; UNDERSTORY BIRDS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; ABUNDANCE; OPENINGS; FRAGMENTS; BEHAVIOR; PLANTS; GAPS; SIZE AB The effects of harvest-created canopy gaps in bottomland hardwood forests on arthropod abundance and, hence, the foraging ecology of birds are poorly understood. I predicted that arthropod abundance would be high near edges of group-selection harvest gaps and lower in the surrounding forest, and that male Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) foraging near gaps would find more prey per unit time than those foraging in the surrounding forest. In fact, arthropod abundance was greater > 100 m from a gap edge than at 0-30 m or 30-100 m from an edge, due to their abundance on switchcane (Arundinaria gigantea); arthropods did not differ in abundance among distances from gaps on oaks (Quercus spp.) or red maple (Acer rubrum). Similarly, Hooded Warbler foraging attack rates were not higher near gap edges: when foraging for fledglings, attack rate did not differ among distances from gaps, but when foraging for themselves, attack rates actually were lower 0-30 m from gap edges than 30-100 m or > 100 m from a gap edge. Foraging attack rate was positively associated with arthropod abundance. Hooded Warblers apparently encountered fewer prey and presumably foraged less efficiently where arthropods were least abundant, i.e., near gaps. That attack rates among birds foraging for fledglings were not affected by distance from gap (and hence arthropod abundance) suggests that prey availability may not be limiting at any location across the forest, despite the depressing effects of gaps on arthropod abundance. C1 US Forest Serv So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Kilgo, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM jkilgo@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3 BP 627 EP 636 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0627:HEEOPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 954ZP UT WOS:000231194500013 ER PT J AU Stevens, C Khan, VA Wilson, CL Lu, JY Chalutz, E Droby, S AF Stevens, C Khan, VA Wilson, CL Lu, JY Chalutz, E Droby, S TI The effect of fruit orientation of postharvest commodities following low dose ultraviolet light-C treatment on host induced resistance to decay SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE hormesis; ultraviolet light-C; postharvest decay; induced resistance ID B RADIATION; DISEASES AB The possibility of inducing resistance to bitter rot (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), and green mold (Penicillium digitatum) in apples, peaches, and tangerines, respectively, by treating them with ultraviolet light-C (UV-C light) at the stem end in a stationary position without rotation was investigated. This approach was compared with the conventional procedure where fruits were rotated four times, thereby exposing the entire surface area to the full effects of the UV-C light. Results revealed that when the stem ends of apples, peaches, and tangerines were exposed in a stationary position to dosages of 7.5, 7.5 and 1.3 kJ m(-2) of UV-C light, respectively, induced host resistance to postharvest decay which was equal to, or slightly better than when fruits were rotated four different times. When fruits were rotated, exposing only one or two different sides to UV-C light, the percent infection appeared to increase, compared to treating only the stem ends or when fruits were rotated four times. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tuskegee Univ, George Washington Carver Agr Expt Stn, Tuskegee Inst, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, NAA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Stevens, C (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, George Washington Carver Agr Expt Stn, Tuskegee Inst, Room 207 Milbank, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM cstevens@tuskegee.edu NR 12 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 8 BP 756 EP 759 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2004.12.008 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 941OE UT WOS:000230223300008 ER PT J AU Rauyaree, P Ospina-Giraldo, MD Kang, S Bhat, RG Subbarao, KV Grant, SJ Dobinson, KF AF Rauyaree, P Ospina-Giraldo, MD Kang, S Bhat, RG Subbarao, KV Grant, SJ Dobinson, KF TI Mutations in VMK1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, affect microsclerotia formation and pathogenicity in Verticillium dahliae SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE targeted mutagenesis; pathogenicity factor ID MAP KINASE; WILT FUNGUS; MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; APPRESSORIUM FORMATION; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; CLAVICEPS-PURPUREA; HOST-RANGE; GROWTH; PATHOGENESIS; PLANTS AB Verticillium dahliae is an important soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt diseases in a large variety of important crop plants. Due to its persistence in the soil, control of Verticilllum wilt relies heavily on soil fumigation. The global ban on methyl bromide, a highly effective soil fumigant, poses an urgent need to develop alternative control measures against Verticillium wilt; and these might be more forthcoming with a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin the pathogenicity of V. dahliae. In this study, we assessed the role in growth, development, and pathogenicity of VMK1, a gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (hence, Verticillium MAP Kinase 1). Disruption of VMK1 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, in two V. dahliae isolates, one from lettuce and the other from tomato, resulted in severely reduced virulence in diverse host plants, suggesting that VMK1 is essential for pathogenicity and that the MAP kinase-mediated signaling pathway has a conserved role in fungal pathogenicity. The vmk1 mutants also exhibited reduced conidiation and microsclerotia formation, suggesting that the gene is important for multiple cellular processes. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. RP Kang, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sxk55@psu.edu OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 NR 37 TC 49 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s00294-005-0586-0 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 965NQ UT WOS:000231957800004 PM 16003535 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA AF Kolmer, JA TI Tracking wheat rust on a continental scale SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID F-SP TRITICI; FUNGUS PUCCINIA-TRITICINA; STRIIFORMIS F.SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST; UNITED-STATES; PHYSIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; MOLECULAR POLYMORPHISM; VIRULENCE PHENOTYPES; WESTERN-EUROPE; STRIPE RUST AB The rusts of wheat are important fungal plant pathogens that can be disseminated thousands of kilometers across continents and oceans by wind. Rusts are obligate parasites that interact with resistance genes in wheat in a gene-for-gene manner. New races of rust develop by mutation and selection for virulence against rust resistance genes in wheat. In recent years, new races of wheat leaf rust, wheat stripe rust, and wheat stem rust have been introduced into wheat production areas in different continents. These introductions have complicated efforts to develop wheat cultivars with durable rust resistance and have reduced the number of effective rust-resistance genes that are available for use. The migration patterns of wheat rusts are characterized by identifying their virulence against important rust resistance genes in wheat and by the use of molecular markers. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA, ARS,Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA, ARS,Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 39 TC 83 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 25 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 4 BP 441 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2005.05.001 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 950CS UT WOS:000230835800016 PM 15922652 ER PT J AU Williams, L Grigg, SP Xie, MT Christensen, S Fletcher, JC AF Williams, L Grigg, SP Xie, MT Christensen, S Fletcher, JC TI Regulation of Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem and lateral organ formation by microRNA miR166g and its AtHD-ZIP target genes SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE microRNA; Arabidopsis thaliana; shoot apical meristem; polarity; HD-ZIP ID BINDING-PROTEIN HYL1; CLASS IIIHD-ZIP; STEM-CELL FATE; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; THALIANA; FAMILY; LEAVES; INFLORESCENCE AB Plant development is characterized by precise control of gene regulation, leading to the correct spatial and temporal tissue patterning. We have characterized the Arabidopsis jabba-1D jba-1D) mutant, which displays multiple enlarged shoot meristems, radialized leaves, reduced gynoecia and vascular defects. The jba-1D meristem phenotypes require WUSCHEL (WUS) activity, and correlate with a dramatic increase in WUS expression levels. We demonstrate that the jba-1D phenotypes are caused by over-expression of miR166g, and require the activity of the RNase III helicase DCL1. miR166g overexpression in jba-1D plants affects the transcripts of several class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (AtHD-ZIP) family target genes. The expression of PHABULOSA (PHB), PHAVOLUTA (PHV) and CORONA (CNA) is significantly reduced in a jba-1D background, while REVOLUTA (REV) expression is elevated and ATHB8 is unchanged. In addition, we show that miR166 has a dynamic expression pattern in wild-type and jba-1D embryos. Our analysis demonstrates an indirect role for miRNAs in controlling meristern formation via regulation of WUS expression, and reveals complex regulation of the class III AtHD-ZIP gene family. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fletcher@nature.berkeley.edu NR 52 TC 238 Z9 265 U1 10 U2 38 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD AUG PY 2005 VL 132 IS 16 BP 3657 EP 3668 DI 10.1242/dev.01942 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 966DC UT WOS:000231998800008 PM 16033795 ER PT J AU Fornes, WL Whiting, PJ Wilson, CG Matisoff, G AF Fornes, WL Whiting, PJ Wilson, CG Matisoff, G TI Caesium-137-derived erosion rates in an agricultural setting: the effects of model assumptions and management practices SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; erosion; model ID STIFF-GRASS HEDGES; SOIL-EROSION; CS-137 MEASUREMENTS; FALLOUT CESIUM-137; SEDIMENT MOVEMENT; CARBON-CYCLE; REDISTRIBUTION; DEPOSITION; TILLAGE; WATER AB Soil erosion rates at the National Soil Tilth Laboratory Deep Loess Research Station in southwest Iowa (USA) were determined from Cs-137 inventories using a multi-box numerical model that incorporates time-dependent atmospheric Cs-137 deposition. Nine sites along a downslope transect where (CS)-C-137 inventories were measured in 1974 by Spomer et al. (Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1985, vol. 28, pp. 767-772) were revisited in 1998, allowing estimation of erosion over three time periods: 1954-1974, 1954-1998 and 1974-1998. Modelled 1954-1974 erosion rates (mean = 1(.)01 +/- 0(.)41 g cm(-2) a(-1)) were significantly higher (p < 0(.)001, t-test) than those reported by Spomer et al. (0(.)36 0(.)10 g cm(-2) a(-1)). A key reason for the significant difference is that our model used a monthly time step whereas Spomer et al. used a single 20-year time step. As the model time step was increased from 1 month to 20 years, the erosion rate decreased by a factor of three to rates in general agreement with those reported by Spomer et al. This suggests that failing to account for temporal variations in atmospheric deposition and/or cultivation practices will result in substantially miscalculated erosion rates. Erosion rates over 1974-1998 were calculated by comparing our 1998 measured Cs-137 inventory to the decay-corrected 1974 inventories reported by Spomer et al. This comparison yielded erosion rates of -0(.)10 to 0(.)48 g cm(-1) a(-1) (mean = 0(.)19 +/- 0(.)17 g cm(-2) a(-1)), indicating that soil loss was reduced by 81 52 per cent over 1974-1998 compared to the period 1954-1974. This estimate is in reasonable agreement with measurements of soil flux at the weir which indicate that soil loss has been reduced by 43 per cent since grass buffer strips were added to the field in 1991. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Purdue Univ, Discovery Learning Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Fornes, WL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Discovery Learning Ctr, 560 Oval Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wfornes@purdue.edu NR 43 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1181 EP 1189 DI 10.1002/esp.1269 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 963DU UT WOS:000231784300007 ER PT J AU Matisoff, G Wilson, CG Whiting, PJ AF Matisoff, G Wilson, CG Whiting, PJ TI The Be-7/Pb-210(xs) ratio as an indicator of suspended sediment age or fraction new sediment in suspension SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE Be-7; Pb-210, Be-7/Pb-210 ratio; suspended sediment; sediment age; fraction new sediment ID RESIDENCE TIMES; LAKE ZURICH; RIVER OUSE; BE-7; PB-210; RADIONUCLIDES; BERYLLIUM-7; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; CATCHMENT AB Reported here is a technique to use the Be-7/Pb-210(xs) ratio as a measure of suspended sediment age or as an indicator of the fraction of the suspended sediment that is recently eroded from the landscape. Although both Be-7 and Pb-210(xs) are delivered seasonally and stochastically to the landscape by precipitation, the ratio of the two radionuclides varies substantially less. The Be-7/Pb-210(xs) ratios measured in three different catchments decrease in the following manner: precipitation (c. 16) > suspended sediments in rivers (6-7) > suspended sediments in estuaries (4-6) > sediment collected in sediment traps in the estuary (C. 1) > surface sediment of the estuary (c. 0(.)5). Decreases in the Be-7/Pb-210(xs) ratio in suspended sediments can be interpreted to be the result of increased age of the sediment, since 7Be decays faster than Pb-210. Alternatively, a decrease in the Be-7/Pb-210(xs) ratio in suspended sediments can be interpreted to be the result of dilution of newly tagged Be-7-rich sediment by Be-7-dead sediment, for example, by erosion of soil below the Be-7-enriched surface layer or by resuspension of Be-7-dead bottom sediment. Presented here is a model which uses the Be-7/Pb-210(xs) ratio in suspended sediments to determine the time since the particles were tagged by precipitation-derived radionuclides (i.e. the age of the suspended sediment). In addition, an alternative model is presented to determine the fraction of the sediment that is 'newly tagged'. These two models are applied to three catchments - Old Woman Creek, Ohio; Weeks Bay, Alabama; and South Slough, Oregon - and yield similar findings at all three sites. Sediment ages increase from 0 in newly tagged material, to 50-80 days in rivers, to about 80-100 days in the estuaries, to about 200 days in the sediment traps, to about 300 days on surface bottom sediments. Alternatively, the percentage new sediment decreases from 100 per cent in newly tagged material, to about 35-50 per cent in rivers, to 25-35 per cent in the estuary, to less than 10 per cent in the sediment traps, to 1-4 per cent on the surface of the bottom sediments. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Matisoff, G (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM gerald.matisoff@case.edu NR 46 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1191 EP 1201 DI 10.1002/esp.1270 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 963DU UT WOS:000231784300008 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Hodgson, GR Lind, AJ AF Welsh, HH Hodgson, GR Lind, AJ TI Ecogeography of the herpetofauna of a northern California watershed: linking species patterns to landscape processes SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID STREAM AMPHIBIANS; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; RIVER CONTINUUM; ASCAPHUS-TRUEI; GROWTH FORESTS; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEM AB Ecosystems are rapidly being altered and destabilized on a global scale, threatening native biota and compromising vital services provided to human society. We need to better understand the processes that can undermine ecosystem integrity (resistance-resilience) in order to devise strategies to ameliorate this trend. We used a herpetofaunal assemblage to first assess spatial patterns of biodiversity and then to discover the underlying landscape processes likely responsible for these patterns. Reptiles and amphibians are a phylogenetically diverse set of species with documented sensitivity to environmental perturbations. We examined ecogeographic patterns of these taxa in aquatic and riparian environments across the landscape mosaic of the Mattole River watershed of northern California, USA. We analyzed species distributions relative to three primary vegetation types (grassland, second-growth forest, late-seral forest) and two hydrologic regimes (perennial vs intermittent). We sought evidence for the processes behind these patterns by modeling animal distributions relative to multi-scale compositional, structural, and physical attributes of the vegetation or hydrologic type. Total herpetofaunal diversity was higher along perennial streams, with reptile diversity higher in mixed grassland. Amphibian and reptile richness, and reptile evenness, varied significantly among the three vegetations. Evidence indicated that distinct assemblages were associated with each end of a seral continuum. Four amphibians were more abundant in late-seral forest, while two amphibians and two reptiles were more abundant in second-growth forest, or mixed grassland, or both. Two amphibians were more abundant along intermittent streams. Models for predicting reptile richness, or abundances of the two amphibian assemblages, indicated water temperature was the best predictor variable. Based on these results and the physiological limits of several sensitive species, we determined the primary processes influencing faunal assemblage patterns on this landscape have been vegetation changes resulting from the harvesting of late-seral forests and the clearing of forest for pasture. Comparing past with present landscape mosaics indicated that these changes have transformed the dominant amphibian and reptile species assemblage from a mostly cold-water and cool forest-associated assemblage to one now dominated by warm-water and mixed grassland/woodland species. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us NR 87 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD AUG PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 521 EP 536 DI 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.04024.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 943HB UT WOS:000230343000011 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Hodgson, GR Karraker, NE AF Welsh, HH Hodgson, GR Karraker, NE TI Influences of the vegetation mosaic on riparian and stream environments in a mixed forest-grassland landscape in "Mediterranean" northwestern California SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BIODIVERSITY; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; SALAMANDERS; PERSPECTIVE; DISTURBANCE; AMPHIBIANS; MANAGEMENT AB We examined differences in riparian and aquatic environments within the three dominant vegetation patch types of the Mattole River watershed, a 789-km(2) mixed conifer-deciduous (hardwood) forest and grassland-dominated landscape in northwestern California, USA. Riparian and aquatic environments, and particularly microclimates therein, influence the distributions of many vertebrate species, particularly the physiologically-restricted ectotherms - reptiles and amphibians (herpetofauna), and fishes. In addition to being a significant portion of the native biodiversity of a landscape, the presence and relative numbers of these more tractable small vertebrates can serve as useful metrics of its "ecological health." Our primary objective was to determine the range of available riparian and aquatic microclimatic regimes, and discern how these regimes relate to the dominant vegetations that comprise the landscape mosaic. A second objective, reported in a companion paper, was to examine relationships between available microclimatic regimes and herpetofaunal distributions. Here we examined differences in the composition, structure, and related environmental attributes of the three dominant vegetation types, both adjacent to and within the riparian corridors along 49 tributaries. Using automated dataloggers, we recorded hourly water and air temperatures and relative humidity throughout the summer at a representative subset of streams; providing us with daily means and amplitudes for these variables within riparian environments during the hottest period. Although the three vegetation types that dominate this landscape each had unique structural attributes, the overlap in plant species composition indicates that they represent a seral continuum. None-the-less, we found distinct microclimates in each type. Only riparian within late-seral forests contained summer water temperatures that could support cold-water-adapted species. We evaluated landscape-level variables to determine the best predictors of water temperature as represented by the maximum weekly maximum temperature (MWMT). The best model for predicting MWMT (adj. R-2=0.69) consisted of catchment area, aspect, and the proportion of non-forested (grassland) patches. Our model provides a useful tool for management of cold-water fauna (e.g. salmonids, stream amphibians) throughout California's "Mediterranean" climate zone. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD AUG PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 537 EP 551 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 943HB UT WOS:000230343000012 ER PT J AU DeGayner, EJ Kramer, MG Doerr, JG Robertsen, MJ AF DeGayner, EJ Kramer, MG Doerr, JG Robertsen, MJ TI Windstorm disturbance effects on forest structure and black bear dens in southeast Alaska SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE black bear denning ecology; disturbance; forest dynamics; forest succession; spatially explicit models; telemetry; windthrow; winter den site selection ID TEMPERATE RAIN-FORESTS; DYNAMICS; AMERICA; NORTH AB We examined the relationships among forest susceptibility to windstorm damage, forest structure, and black bear winter den site selection in the coastal temperate rain forests of southeastern Alaska, USA. Forest susceptibility to maritime windstorms was determined by applying a wind-disturbance model (WINDSTORM) to two study areas where bear dens had been identified by radio telemetry. We evaluated model predictions for forest structure against field data for one study area. As predicted, forests in wind-protected landscapes contained features indicative of later stages of forest development where larger and older trees are more abundant. By contrast, forests located in storm-susceptible locations contained higher tree densities, less variation in tree diameters, smaller trees, and less evidence of large, old trees with heart rot. Analysis of habitat use relative to its availability on the landscape indicates that bears selected wind-protected landscapes over storm-prone landscapes in both study areas for winter dens. The majority (58%) of den sites were located in forests most protected from catastrophic storm effects. By contrast, only 6% were located in forests most exposed to storm damage. Results suggest that forests most protected from catastrophic windstorm disturbance contain more suitable overwinter habitat for black bears as evidenced by den site selection. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Alaska Reg, Petersburg, AK 99833 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ecosyst Sci & Technol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Wrangell Ranger Dist, Wrangell, AK 99929 USA. RP DeGayner, EJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg, 626 E Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM edegayner@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1306 EP 1316 DI 10.1890/03-5385 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950SE UT WOS:000230876900019 ER PT J AU D'Amico, V Elkinton, JS Podgwaite, JD Buonaccorsi, JP Dwyer, G AF D'Amico, V Elkinton, JS Podgwaite, JD Buonaccorsi, JP Dwyer, G TI Pathogen clumping: an explanation for non-linear transmission of an insect virus SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE baculovirus; host-pathogen interaction; non-linear transmission ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PATCHY ENVIRONMENTS; DYNAMICS; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; DISEASES; MODELS AB 1. Previous work has shown that transmission of some insect pathogens is a non-linear process. A number of hypotheses have been put forward as explanations for this phenomenon; however, none have proven wholly satisfactory. Here we test the effects on transmission of spatial distribution of an insect virus by testing whether or not experimental manipulations of pathogen clumping lead to different values of a clumping parameter. The gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) was used, which is transmitted when larvae consume virus released from previously infected larvae that have died on foliage. 2. It was found that even when virus densities on foliage were equal, overall mortality was lower when virus-killed cadavers were clumped on foliage. 3. Non-linearity is more pronounced when cadavers are clumped than when they are placed at random on the foliage. Placement of droplets containing LdMNPV on foliage resulted in more linear transmission compared with cadavers. 4. Spatial clumping of viral inoculum thus provides part of the explanation for non-linear transmission in this system. The ultimate explanation for non-linear transmission is likely to involve some combination of spatial clumping and heterogeneity in behaviours such as feeding rate or the ability to avoid pathogen. C1 Univ Delaware, USDA, Forest Serv, Newark, DE 19717 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Univ Delaware, USDA, Forest Serv, Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM vdamico@fs.fed.us RI Dwyer, Greg/L-1134-2015 OI Dwyer, Greg/0000-0002-7387-2075 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0307-6946 EI 1365-2311 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00697.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 948PI UT WOS:000230727800003 ER PT J AU Baker, PJ Bunyavejchewin, S Oliver, CD Ashton, PS AF Baker, PJ Bunyavejchewin, S Oliver, CD Ashton, PS TI Disturbance history and historical stand dynamics of a seasonal tropical forest in western Thailand SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE age estimation; catastrophic events and tropical forest regeneration; dendroecology; disturbance history; Hopea odorata; Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand; stand-development patterns; tree architecture; tropical forest dynamics ID NEOTROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; ANNUAL GROWTH RINGS; LONG-TERM GROWTH; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; TREE-RINGS; DIAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS; PTEROCARPUS-ANGOLENSIS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; NORTHERN THAILAND AB Disturbances influence forest dynamics across a range of spatial and temporal scales. In tropical forests most studies have focused on disturbances occurring at small spatial and temporal scales (i.e., gap dynamics). This is primarily due to the difficulty of reconstructing long-term disturbance histories of forests in which most tree species lack annual growth rings. Consequently, the role of past disturbances in tropical forests is poorly understood. We used a combination of direct and indirect methods to reconstruct the historical disturbance regime and stand development patterns in mature and regenerating seasonal dry evergreen forest (SDEF) in the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary in western Thailand. Direct estimates of long-term establishment and growth patterns were obtained from 12 tree species that form annual growth rings as a consequence of the region's strong intra-annual rainfall seasonality. Indirect estimates of establishment patterns were obtained from analyses of stand structure and individual tree architecture and application of ageestimation models to 10 dominant canopy-tree species using demographic data from a largescale. permanent forest-dynamics plot. The combination of direct and indirect methodologies revealed a complex disturbance history in the seasonal evergreen forest over the past 250 years. In the mid-1800s, 200-300 ha of forest were destroyed by a catastrophic disturbance, which led to the synchronous establishment of many of the trees that presently dominate the forest canopy. Since then widespread disturbances of variable intensity have occurred at least three times (1910s, 1940s, and 1960s). These disturbances created discrete temporal pulses of establishment in small to large gaps in the forest matrix across several square kilometers. Background mortality and gap formation were evident in every decade since 1790, but these varied in intensity and frequency. The SDEF retains a distinct structural and floristic legacy from the catastrophic disturbance of the mid-1800s. The single-age cohort that established after the disturbance has developed a complex three-dimensional structure as a consequence of differences in interspecific growth patterns of the canopy-tree species and subsequent disturbances of moderate and low intensity. While no single methodological approach provided a complete picture of the disturbance history and stand development patterns of the seasonal evergreen forest. taken together they offered new insights into the long-term dynamics of a primary tropical forest. In particular, the study highlighted the role of disturbance at multiple spatial and temporal scales and varying intensities in determining the structure and composition of a complex, species-rich tropical forest and raises important questions about the role of rare, catastrophic events on tropical forest dynamics. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Royal Forest Dept, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Organ & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Baker, PJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. EM patrick.baker@sci.monash.edu.au OI Baker, Patrick/0000-0002-6560-7124 NR 119 TC 93 Z9 103 U1 5 U2 49 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 75 IS 3 BP 317 EP 343 DI 10.1890/04-0488 PG 27 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 947OH UT WOS:000230655200002 ER PT J AU Damiani, CC AF Damiani, CC TI Integrating direct effects and trait-mediated indirect effects using a projection matrix model SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conditional interactions; context-dependency; demographic model; hermit crab; Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus; interaction modifications; mutualisin; net effects; Pagurus longicarpus; symbiosis; trait-mediated indirect interactions ID HERMIT-CRAB; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; PERTURBATION EXPERIMENTS; PROTECTION; PREDATORS; SAY AB In systems where indirect effects are mediated by traits (e.g., behavior) rather than density, direct and indirect effects may be measured in different biological currencies, making it difficult to quantify their relative contributions to a net interaction. For instance, the hydroid Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus, which colonizes shells occupied by the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus, affects its host directly by reducing its fecundity and indirectly by modifying the behavior of its predators. In this study, I construct population projection matrices for P. longicarpus, which were housed with different assemblages of hydroids and predators. By defining direct and indirect effects as combinations of log-transformed X's from these matrices, I translate direct effects on fecundity and indirect effects on survival into a common currency (population growth rate), allowing me to assess the relative strength of these effects. In the presence of a fish predator, strong positive indirect effects countered negative direct effects, producing a net mutualism. In the presence of a crab predator, indirect effects were equivalent in size and magnitude to direct effects, resulting in a net parasitism. These results provide insight into the mechanisms underlying context-dependency and help to explain the geographical and temporal variation observed in outcomes of symbiotic interactions. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Damiani, CC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM cdamiani@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 86 IS 8 BP 2068 EP 2074 DI 10.1890/04-0956 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953KO UT WOS:000231075400013 ER PT J AU Beissinger, SR Cook, MI Arendt, WJ AF Beissinger, SR Cook, MI Arendt, WJ TI The shelf life of bird eggs: Testing egg viability using a tropical climate gradient SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE altitudinal gradient; birds; developmental constraint; hatching asynchrony; climatic gradient; egg viability; incubation; parental care; Pearly-eyed Thrasher ID HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; CLUTCH-SIZE; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; BROOD REDUCTION; PRESTORAGE INCUBATION; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; NEOTROPICAL PARROT; AVIAN REPRODUCTION; NEST ATTENDANCE; BARN SWALLOW AB Avian parents influence the onset of development, hatching synchrony, and likelihood of brood reduction through the onset of incubation. Studies testing adaptive functions of brood reduction assume that eggs are protected by their shells and waiting for parents to initiate incubation in a manner that creates optimal hatching patterns, but the viability of early laid eggs may diminish over time due to putative effects of ambient temperature. We tested effects of exposure to ambient temperature on the viability of unincubated bird eggs using an altitudinal climate gradient in Puerto Rico: daily maximum temperatures nearly always exceed developmental zero in the lowland forest, whereas temperatures rarely exceed developmental zero in the cloud forest and at intermediate altitudes. We removed 382 freshly laid Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus) eggs, placed them in holding boxes at three sites for 1-7 days, and returned them to nests to be incubated. Additional control eggs (n = 39) tested effects of both handling and movement on hatching success, and unmanipulated eggs (n = 139) provided a measure of natural hatching success. Hatching success of control eggs (82.0%) and unmanipulated eggs (84.9%) did not differ, indicating no impacts of handling on hatchability. Hatching success of experimental eggs exposed for one day (78.6%) was high but declined very strongly after exposure for three days (41.9%), five days (11.5%) and seven days (2.1%). Hatchability of eggs held at the cloud forest did not differ from eggs held at the lowland site but was lower for eggs exposed at mid-elevation. Hatching success was positively related to minimum temperature and marginally related to mean temperature and proportion of time above developmental zero. Exposure duration, treatment site, and maximum temperature were the only significant effects identified by stepwise logistic regression. Eggs held at the lowland site had shorter developmental periods than eggs held at other sites. Most embryo mortality (80.8%) occurred at very early stages. Our results demonstrate that viability of unincubated eggs exposed to moist tropical conditions declines strongly but suggest that ambient temperature is not the sole cause. We compare rates of egg viability decline among species, examine alternative mechanisms for the loss of viability, and discuss the significance of egg viability on avian life histories. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Catalina Serv Ctr, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. RP Beissinger, SR (reprint author), S Florida Management Dist, 3301 Gun Club Rd,POB 24680, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA. EM beis@nature.berkeley.edu RI Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012 NR 67 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 86 IS 8 BP 2164 EP 2175 DI 10.1890/04-1624 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953KO UT WOS:000231075400024 ER PT J AU Bancroft, JS Smith, MT AF Bancroft, JS Smith, MT TI Dispersal and influences on movement for Anoplophora glabripennis calculated from individual mark-recapture SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE invasion; dispersal; diffusion models; Asian longhorned beetle; Coleoptera; Cerambycidae; exotic pest ID UNITED-STATES; CERAMBYCIDAE; COLEOPTERA; POPULATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; BEETLES; LARVAL; MODEL; TREES; PLANT AB We conducted an individual mark-release-recapture experiment on the beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis Motchulsky (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). This invasive beetle has been introduced from Asia to Europe and North America and poses a serious threat to several important species of tree. Eradication efforts may benefit from knowledge of dispersal behaviour. Trees were cut and held to determine emergence rate of A. glabripennis. Unique marks were painted onto 912 beetles released into a group of 165 trees in Gansu, China. Data on subsequent sightings of beetles were used in a truncated diffusion model to calculate flight distances. Characteristics of the trees and climatic information were used in statistical tests for influence on movement. A total of 2245 sightings of beetles were observed and 29% of marked beetles were resighted. The scanning technique using binoculars was 90% effective in finding beetles and provided 81% accuracy for determining the sex of the beetles. Experimental manipulation of density quantified how A. glabripennis congregated on unoccupied trees and were repulsed from crowded hosts. The seasonal emergence rate of adults declined exponentially from July 20 to August 5. The results suggested A. glabripennis fly to nearby host trees at a rate of 34% per day. Median flight distance was estimated at 20 m per day. Statistical analysis with a generalized linear model tested the beetle's propensity to leave a tree and distance of flight. Generally, beetle movement showed a significant response to beetle density, weather conditions, beetle size, and tree size, in that order. The techniques developed here improve on previous recapture techniques to quantify dispersal and can be useful for analysing populations of other organisms. C1 USDA ARS, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Bancroft, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 12053 N Shafter Av, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM jsbancroft@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 116 IS 2 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00320.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 946MZ UT WOS:000230577700002 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE Ellsworth, PC AF Naranjo, SE Ellsworth, PC TI Mortality dynamics and population regulation in Bemisia tabaci SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; life tables; key-factor; irreplaceable mortality; survivorship; contemporaneous mortality; dispersal; cotton; pest management; Homoptera; Aleyrodidae ID LIFE TABLE ANALYSIS; KEY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SWEET-POTATO; NATURAL ENEMIES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SAMPLING PLANS; COTTON FIELDS; BIOTYPE-B; ALEYRODIDAE AB Natural mortality is an important determinant of the population dynamics of a species, and an understanding of mortality forces should aid in the development of better management strategies for insect pests. An in situ, observational method was used to construct cohort-based life tables for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Biotype B (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) over 14 generations on cotton in central Arizona, USA, from 1997 to 1999. In descending order, median marginal rates of mortality were highest for predation, dislodgment, unknown causes, egg inviability, and parasitism. The highest mortality occurred during the 4th nymphal stadium, and the median rate of immature survival over 14 generations was 6.6%. Predation during the 4th nymphal stadium was the primary key factor. Irreplaceable mortality was highest for predation and dislodgment, with the absence of these mortality factors leading to the greatest increases in estimated net reproduction. There was little evidence of direct or delayed density-dependence for any mortality factor. Wind, rainfall, and predator densities were associated with dislodgment, and rates of predation were related to densities of Geocoris spp., Orius tristicolor (White), Chrysoperla carnea s.l. Stephens, and Lygus hesperus Knight. Simulations suggest that immigration and emigration play important roles in site-specific dynamics by explaining departures from observed population trajectories based solely on endogenous reproduction and mortality. By a direct measurement of these mortality factors and indirect evidence of adult movement, we conclude that efficient pest management may be best accomplished by fostering greater mortality during the 4th stadium, largely through a conservation of predators and by managing immigrating adult populations at their sources. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM snaranjo@wcrl.ars.usda.gov OI Ellsworth, Peter/0000-0002-2485-0830 NR 59 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 116 IS 2 BP 93 EP 108 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00297.x PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 946MZ UT WOS:000230577700003 ER PT J AU Cattaneo, A AF Cattaneo, A TI Inter-regional innovation in Brazilian agriculture and deforestation in the Amazon: income and environment in the balance SO ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES; EASTERN AMAZON; POLICIES; IMPACTS AB The paper examines how recent trends in agricultural productivity in Brazil, occurring both inside and outside the Amazon, affected deforestation and agricultural incomes. The analysis uses a computable general equilibrium model adapted to capture regional economic structures, and accounts for uncertainty concerning productivity improvements. Due to countervailing effects on deforestation of innovation inside and outside the Amazon - respectively, increasing and decreasing it - innovation in Brazilian agriculture in the period from 1985 to 1995 has not altered substantially deforestation rates. However, innovation inside the Amazon has to be reckoned as a driving force behind the continuing high levels of deforestation rates. Innovation rates for livestock activities, inside and outside the Amazon, prove crucial in determining deforestation and agricultural income. Technological improvements outside the Amazon for small farm production systems and for farms in general in the North-East increase agricultural income, improve income distribution, and limit deforestation rates. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource & Environm Policy Branch, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Cattaneo, A (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource & Environm Policy Branch, 1800 M St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM cattaneo@ers.usda.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1355-770X J9 ENVIRON DEV ECON JI Environ. Dev. Econ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 10 BP 485 EP 511 DI 10.1017/S1355770X05002305 PN 4 PG 27 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957ZK UT WOS:000231411900004 ER PT J AU Herrera, AM Dahlsten, DD Tomic-Carruthers, N Carruthers, RI AF Herrera, AM Dahlsten, DD Tomic-Carruthers, N Carruthers, RI TI Estimating temperature-dependent developmental rates of Diorhabda elongata (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diorhabda elongata; development; developmental model; developmental thresholds; degree-days ID CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; LEAF BEETLE; DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MODELING ANALYSIS; SIMULATION-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; CURCULIONIDAE AB Developmental times and survival rates of the immature stages of Diorhabda elongata Brulle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), were studied in the laboratory at six constant temperatures (15-40 degrees C). At 15 and 40 degrees C, eggs did not develop and sustained 100% mortality. Similarly, larvae at 15 degrees C and pupae at 40 degrees C did not develop and sustained 100% mortality. For all three larval stages, the developmental time decreased with increasing temperature between 20 and 35 degrees C and increased at 40 degrees. Developmental times also decreased with increasing temperature between 20 and 35 degrees C for the pupal stage as did total developmental time from egg to adult. Both linear and nonlinear models were used to describe the relationship between developmental rates (1/d) and temperature (degrees C) and to determine stage-specific lower and upper developmental thresholds, respectively. The lower developmental thresholds, calculated using the linear model, ranged from 6 to 15 degrees C for all life stages. Using the nonlinear model, the lower developmental thresholds ranged from 15 to 18 degrees C for all life stages. Likewise, the high temperature thresholds for the first-, second-, and third-instar larvae, pupae, and total development ranged between 40 and 42 degrees C. Results from this study were used to enhance the efficiency of mass-rearing methods for open field releases of D. elongata in California. More importantly, this study is the first step in the construction of a detailed population simulation model to predict field phenology and density of D. elongata to further optimize the use of this biological control agent in managing saltcedar in the western United States. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invasive Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. APHIS PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Herrera, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invasive Weeds Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM aherrera@nature.berkeley.edu NR 51 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 775 EP 784 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 954NI UT WOS:000231161400006 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Zhang, AJ Herzog, M AF Leskey, TC Zhang, AJ Herzog, M TI Nonfruiting host tree volatile blends: Novel attractants for the plum curculio (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conotrachelus nenuphar; plum curculio; weevil; attractants; pheromone ID CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR COLEOPTERA; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; SEX-PHEROMONE; METAMASIUS-HEMIPTERUS; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; ADULTS COLEOPTERA; APPLE ORCHARDS; ODOR; WEEVIL; IDENTIFICATION AB We evaluated the attractiveness of novel synthetic host plant volatiles alone and in combination with the synthetic aggregation pheromone, grandisoic acid (GA), to overwintered adult Plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in association with black masonite pyramid traps deployed in an unsprayed apple orchard in 2003 and 2004. Synthetic host plant volatiles evaluated included (1) those identified from foliar and woody tissues of a nonfruiting Stanley plum tree (6-Tree) or the two major components (2-Tree); (2) those identified from Stanley plum fruit (7-Plum) or two components eliciting positive GGEAD response from plum curculios (2-Plum); and (3) benzaldehyde formulated into rubber septa and replaced weekly [Ben (s)] or dispensed into polyethylene vials and replaced weekly [Ben (r)], not replaced [Ben (nr) ], and formulated with 10% 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and not replaced [Ben (TCB) ]. In 2003, the greatest numbers of plum curculios were captured in traps baited with 6-Tree + GA and Ben (TCB) + GA, with responses to these baits significantly greater than responses to unbaited control traps. In 2004, the greatest number of plum curculios was captured in traps baited with 6-Tree (h) (high release rate dispenser) + Ben (TCB) + GA, with response to this bait significantly greater than responses to unbaited traps. Combined results indicate that volatiles released by foliar and woody tissues of plum are at least as attractive as the single fruit-based attractant, benzaldehyde, when combined with CA and point toward more competitive attractants for plum curculio based on multiple component blends of volatiles released by the entire tree. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tleskey@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 785 EP 793 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 954NI UT WOS:000231161400007 ER PT J AU Farrar, RR Shapiro, M Shepard, BM AF Farrar, RR Shapiro, M Shepard, BM TI Enhanced activity of the nucleopolyhedrovirus of the fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) on Bt-transgenic and nontransgenic sweet corn with a fluorescent brightener and a feeding stimulant SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; nucleopolyhedrovirus; Bt transgenic corn; feeding stimulant; fluorescent brightener ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; CELERY LOOPER LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS BERLINER; NUTRIENT-BASED PHAGOSTIMULANTS; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; INSECT PESTS; EARWORM; INFECTIVITY; POPULATIONS AB The effects of a nutrient-based feeding stimulant, Coax, and a stilbene-based optical brightener, Blankophor P167, on the activity of the nucleopolyhedrovirus of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (SfMNPV) on transgenic sweet corn, Zea mays L., expressing a CryIA (b) toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), were studied in the laboratory. Both Coax and Blankophor P167 increased virus-induced mortality. The effects of both materials did not differ between transgenic and nontransgenic corn. The greatest increase in virus-induced mortality occurred when Coax and Blankophor P167 were combined. Neither material affected the percentage of larvae killed by the CryIA(b) toxin. C1 USDA ARS, IBL, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Farrar, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, IBL, BARC W, Bldg 011A,Rm 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM FarrarR@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 825 EP 832 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 954NI UT WOS:000231161400012 ER PT J AU Campbell, JF AF Campbell, JF TI Fitness consequences of multiple mating on female Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oviposition; multiple mating; rice weevil; Sitophilus; Curculionidae ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER FEMALES; RICE WEEVIL; CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS; GENETIC INCOMPATIBILITY; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; POLYANDROUS FEMALES; MATE CHOICE; GRANARIUS L; FECUNDITY; INSECTS AB The effects of multiple mating on fitness in the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were studied. In the first of a series of experiments, the impact of multiple mating on female fitness was determined by evaluating the effects of a single mating period with one male, continuous exposure to one male, and continuous exposure to five males. Continuous exposure to one male increased lifetime fecundity by extending the period of time progeny were produced compared with a single mating period with one male, although average progeny size was reduced. Exposure to five males significantly reduced female survival and the number and size of progeny produced compared with the other treatments. In the second experiment, the number of progeny and the length of time progeny could be produced from a single copulation were determined. Females became sperm depleted within 7 +/- 1 wk after laying 259 +/- 22 progeny, but a second mating period 9 wk after the first copulation extended progeny production. In the final experiment, the mechanism for the decline in progeny production at high male densities was determined to be reduced oviposition, caused at least in part by a high proportion of time spent in copula. The number of copulations has costs and benefits for females that may affect population dynamics. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM campbell@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 61 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 833 EP 843 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 954NI UT WOS:000231161400013 ER PT J AU Hight, SD Carpenter, JE Bloem, S Bloem, KA AF Hight, SD Carpenter, JE Bloem, S Bloem, KA TI Developing a sterile insect release program for Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae): Effective overflooding ratios and release-recapture field studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cactus moth; inherited sterility; sterile insect technique; control; invasive species ID INHERITED STERILITY; CODLING MOTH; SUPPRESSION; MALES; FEMALES; COMPETITIVENESS; OLETHREUTIDAE; POPULATIONS; NOCTUIDAE; FLORIDA AB In an effort to continue the development of a sterile insect release program against the invasive cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg), we released partially sterile males alone or in combination with fully sterile females at a 5:1 or 10:1 (treated: fertile) overflooding ratio inside large field cages containing Opuntia stricta Haworth (Haworth) host plants. Insects were allowed to mate and lay eggs, and all eggsticks were collected daily. Percent egg hatch and reduction in F, fertile larvae were used to ascertain the effectiveness of each release combination. In addition, limited field release-recapture experiments were conducted to examine the dispersal ability of untreated and treated cactus moth males. Results suggest that an overflooding ratio as low as 5:1 can effectively suppress C. cactorum in field cages and that releasing both genders together is more effective than releasing males only. In open field releases, the dispersal ability of C. cactorum was not significantly affected by treating the adults with gamma radiation. C1 Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. USDA ARS, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, USDA, APHIS,PPQ,CPHST, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Hight, SD (reprint author), 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. EM hight@nettally.com NR 37 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 850 EP 856 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 954NI UT WOS:000231161400015 ER PT J AU Premachandra, DWTS Borgemeister, C Setamou, M Achilles, T Poehling, HM AF Premachandra, DWTS Borgemeister, C Setamou, M Achilles, T Poehling, HM TI Spatio-temporal distribution of Ceratothripoides claratris (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) on tomatoes in Thailand SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; thrips; greenhouses; density; strata; Taylor's power law ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; PLANT-DISTRIBUTION; AGGREGATION; PREDATORS; POLLENS; COTTON AB Ceratothripoides claratris Shumsher is one of the most important thrips pest of tomatoes in central Thailand. Hence we conducted studies to determine the intra- and inter-plant distribution of C. claratris on tomatoes in two types of greenhouses, i.e., open-plastic and closed net house. The experiments were conducted on the campus of the Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok, Thailand. Both adults and larvae of C. claratris showed foliage-biased distribution. Sex ratios of adult C. claratris did not significantly differ on flowers and leaves, whereas on fruits males significantly outnumbered females. On flowers, no diurnal periodicity of occurrence of C. claratris was detected. Generally, thrips infestation commenced in the lower parts of the tomato plants and gradually spread to the higher strata of the plants. Depending on the greenhouse type and the stem system thrips infestation differed significantly over time in the lower but not in the uppermost strata of the plants. In the net house, infestations of C. claratris commenced one week after planting of the tomato seedlings. Soon after the peak in infestations, thrips numbers dramatically decreased. Estimates of Taylor's power showed that C. claratris had an aggregated distribution pattern on the foliage of tomato plants. The importance of these findings for future monitoring programs of C. claratris infestations on tomatoes is discussed. C1 Univ Hannover, Inst Plant Dis & Plant Protect, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. Univ Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Borgemeister, C (reprint author), Univ Hannover, Inst Plant Dis & Plant Protect, Herrenhauser Str 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. EM borgemeister@ipp.uni-hannover.de NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 883 EP 890 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 954NI UT WOS:000231161400019 ER PT J AU Peterson, RKD Sing, SE Weaver, DK AF Peterson, RKD Sing, SE Weaver, DK TI Differential physiological responses of Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica L. Miller, to injury from two insect biological control agents: Implications for decision-making in biological control SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calophasia lunula; Mecinus janthinus; herbivory; photosynthesis; plant gas exchange ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES; DEFOLIATION; WEEDS; SCROPHULARIACEAE; CURCULIONIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; COLEOPTERA; BIOCONTROL; VULGARIS; LEAF AB Successful biological control of invasive weeds with specialist herbivorous insects is predicated on the assumption that the injury stresses the weeds sufficiently to cause reductions in individual fitness. Because plant gas exchange directly impacts growth and fitness, characterizing how injury affects these primary processes may provide a key indicator of physiological impairment which then may lead to reductions in fitness. The objective of this study was to use physiological methods to evaluate bow the invasive weed, Linaria dalmatica L. Miller (Dalmatian toadflax), is affected by two introduced biological control agents within different injury guilds: the stem-boring weevil, Mecinus janthinus Germar, and the defoliating moth, Calophasia lunula Hufnagel. All studies with M. janthinus were conducted under field conditions at two sites in Montana in 2003 and 2004. For C. lunula evaluations, a total of five greenhouse studies in 2003 and 2004 were used. One field study in 2003 and two studies in 2004 also were conducted. Variables measured included net CO2 exchange rate, stomata] conductance, and transpiration rate. Results from both field sites revealed that the primary physiology of Dalmatian toadflax was deleteriously affected by M. janthinus larval injury. There were no significant differences among treatments for any of the gas exchange variables measured in all eight experiments with C. lunula. Our results indicate that insect herbivores in two distinct injury guilds differentially affect Dalmatian toadflax physiology. Based on the primary physiological parameters evaluated in this study, M. janthinus had more impact on Dalmatian toadflax than C. lunula. With such information, improved risk-benefit decisions can be made about whether to release exotic biological control agents. C1 Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Peterson, RKD (reprint author), Dept Entomol, 333 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bpeterson@montana.edu NR 46 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 899 EP 905 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 954NI UT WOS:000231161400021 ER PT J AU Moran, PJ Showler, AT AF Moran, PJ Showler, AT TI Plant responses to water deficit and shade stresses in pigweed and their influence on feeding and oviposition by the beet armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cotton pest; drought; plant stress; shading; weeds ID SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; LOUISIANA SUGARCANE; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; ABIOTIC STRESS; COTTON; DROUGHT; GROWTH; PREFERENCES; ENVIRONMENT AB Water deficit and shade stress in weed-infested crops could alter plant growth and biochemistry and feeding and oviposition by the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hubner. Palmer amaranth pigweed, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats., was grown under 25% of full watering (water deficit), 30% of full light (shade), or combined stress. All treatments decreased plant height and weight. Shade and combined stresses decreased leaf counts and increased leaf water content. Water deficit stress increased leaf water potential, soluble protein and carbohydrate contents, peroxidase activities, and accumulations of 10 individual free amino acids (FAAs), summed essential FAAs, and total FAA.s. Combined stress increased water potential, soluble carbohydrates, 12 individual FAAs, summed essential FAAs, and total FAAs. Shade stress decreased water potential, soluble carbohydrates, seven individual FAAs, and essential FAAs. Beet armyworm larvae consumed similar leaf areas on water deficit-stressed and nonstressed plants and larger areas on plants grown under shade or combined stress. Larval survival was reduced, and time to pupation was higher on shade-stressed leaves. Adult females deposited more eggs on shade and combined stress plants and fewer eggs on water deficit-stressed plants compared with controls. Beet armyworm feeding and oviposition responded to variation in water content. Stress-induced changes in nutrients were not tied to insect preference but could have negatively influenced survival under shade stress. The results have implications for the plant stress hypothesis and for the use of pigweeds for beet armyworm detection. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Moran, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM pmoran@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 929 EP 937 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 954NI UT WOS:000231161400025 ER PT J AU Anderson, PL Hellmich, RL Prasifka, JR Lewis, LC AF Anderson, PL Hellmich, RL Prasifka, JR Lewis, LC TI Effects on fitness and behavior of monarch butterfly larvae exposed to a combination of Cry1Ab-expressing corn anthers and pollen SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transgenic corn; nontarget; risk assessment; Danaus plexippus ID FIELD; CATERPILLARS; POPULATIONS; DEPOSITION; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; IMPACT; LATEX AB Anthers and pollen from corn, Zea mays L., expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)derived protein frequently fall onto common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L., growing in and near corn fields. Previous studies have shown that, alone, Bt anthers do not pose a significant risk to the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus L. To examine how exposure to a combination of Bt anthers and pollen affects larval fitness and behavior, three studies were conducted. A laboratory study using severed leaves in petri dishes and two studies with caged milkweed plants (tropical milkweed, Asclepias curassavica L., and common milkweed) in an environmentally controlled rearing room. In the petri dish bioassay, additive effects of Bt anthers and pollen were detected. The data suggest that the additive effects may be attributed to behavioral changes in larval feeding such as detecting and avoiding Bt anthers. An additive effect also was seen in both cage studies. In the common milkweed cage study, larvae exposed to Bt anthers and pollen took 1.8 d longer to develop and pupae weighed 6.4% less than those exposed to non-Bt anthers and pollen. These effects are similar to those found in a previous study with naturally deposited levels of Bt anthers and pollen, even though the anther levels we tested were two to three times greater. Despite these effects, when put into the context of risk, Bt corn is not likely to pose a significant risk to the monarch butterfly population in North America. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Anderson, PL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, 110 Insectary Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM anderpl@iastate.edu NR 21 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 43 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 944 EP 952 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 954NI UT WOS:000231161400027 ER PT J AU Wiggers, MS Pratt, PD Tipping, PW Welbourn, C Cuda, JP AF Wiggers, MS Pratt, PD Tipping, PW Welbourn, C Cuda, JP TI Within-plant distribution and diversity of mites associated with the invasive plant Schinus terebinthifolius (Sapindales : Anacardiaceae) in Florida SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brazilian peppertree; Acari; Lorryia formosa; biological control; exotic weed ID NEOSEIULUS-CUCUMERIS ACARI; BIOLOGICAL WEED-CONTROL; LEAF DOMATIA; POLYPHAGOTARSONEMUS-LATUS; PHYTOSEIID MITES; PREDATORY MITE; SOUTH FLORIDA; BROAD MITE; TYPHLODROMALUS-PEREGRINUS; MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA AB The exotic Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, is an invasive plant that readily displaces native vegetation and develops monospecific stands in central and south Florida's native ecosystems. Despite prior arthropod surveys of S. terebinthifolius in its adventive range, little is known concerning the acarofauna associated with the weed in Florida. Leaves of S. terebinthifolius also vary in the presence and development of domatia, which are small morphological structures that may benefit mites. We assessed the development of new mite associations with S. terebinthifolius in Florida and quantified within-plant distribution of these arthropods. Mites inhabited over one-third of the sampled leaves with greatest species diversity in the Prostigmata, followed by Mesostigmata, Astigmata, and Cryptostigmata, respectively. Fungivorous mites (dominated by Lorryia formosa) were the most common feeding guild, predatory mites were the most diverse, and herbivorous mites were rarely encountered during the survey. Interior leaves supported greater populations of mites than exterior leaves, whereas height of leaves in the canopy did not affect mite distributions. Foliar domatia varied in development and occurred on nearly two-thirds of the leaves sampled. More than three-quarters of all mites collected were found on domatia-bearing leaves, which supported three times more mites per leaf than leaves without domatia. Mite densities increased concomitantly with the number of domatia, while domatia development only affected tydeids and number of leaves had no effect. The potential influence of domatia-mediated, tritrophic interactions among existing predators and a potential biological control agent of S. terebinthifolius are discussed. C1 USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM prattp@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 79 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 953 EP 962 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 954NI UT WOS:000231161400028 ER PT J AU O'Neill, KP Amacher, MC Palmer, CJ AF O'Neill, KP Amacher, MC Palmer, CJ TI Developing a national indicator of soil quality on U.S forestlands: Methods and initial results SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE erosion; Forest Health Monitoring; Forest Inventory and Analysis; Montreal Process; soil chemistry; soil compaction; soil quality; sustainable management ID UNITED-STATES; CARBON; GROWTH; COMPACTION; MANAGEMENT; INVENTORY; PROJECT AB The Montreal Process was formed in 1994 to develop an internationally agreed upon set of criteria and indicators for the conservation and sustainable management of temperate and boreal forests. In response to this initiative, the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) and Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) programs of the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service have implemented soil measurements as part of a national monitoring program to address specific questions related to the conservation of soil and water resources. Integration of soil assessments into the national FIA program provides for systematic monitoring of soil properties across all forested regions of the U.S. using standardized collection, laboratory, and statistical procedures that are compatible with existing forest inventory data. The resulting information will provide quantitative benchmarks for regional, national, and international reporting on sustainable forest management and enhance our understanding of management effects on soil quality. This paper presents an overview of the FIA soil monitoring program, outlines the field and laboratory protocols as currently implemented, and provides examples of how these data may be used to assess indicators of sustainable management as defined by the Montreal Process. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT USA. Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP O'Neill, KP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM katherine.oneill@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 59 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-2144-0 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 954NU UT WOS:000231162600005 PM 16418905 ER PT J AU Huwe, JK Larsen, GL AF Huwe, JK Larsen, GL TI Polychlorinated dioxins, furans, and biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in a US meat market basket and estimates of dietary intake SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN EXPOSURE; FOOD SAMPLES; PCBS; ENVIRONMENT; FOODSTUFFS; CHICKENS; WILDLIFE; SALMON AB Persistent environmental contaminants including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed in 65 meat samples collected from supermarkets across the U.S. in 2001. The samples included hamburger, sirloin steaks, pork chops, bacon, and whole chickens from nine different cities. The average PCDD/F/non-ortho-PCB toxic equivalency (TEQ) for all the samples was 0.55 pg/g of lipid (nd (nondetect) = DL (detection limit)/2) with a range from nondetectable to 3.21 pg/g of lipid. For PBDEs, eight congeners were routinely found in the meat samples with an average sum of 1.71 ng/g of lipid (nd = DL/2) and a range from nondetectable to 16.6 ng/g of lipid. While average TEQs were similar to recent values reported in Europe and Asia, the sums of PBDEs in chicken and pork were 3-20 times higher than levels reported in Spain and Japan for these foods. The presence of a few outliers raised the average PBDE sums and indicated that isolated sources of contamination may exist that, if identified, could be removed from the U.S. animal production chain. Using these TEQ and PBDE values and USDA food consumption data, the estimated dietary intake ranges from meat products were 5.3-16.0 pg TED. and 14.9-44.7 ng of PBDEs/d or 0.1-0.3 pg TEQ and 0.3-0.5 (ng of PBDEs/kg of body mass)/d for an average individual, similar to intakes in other countries. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Huwe, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM huwej@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 92 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 15 BP 5606 EP 5611 DI 10.1021/es050638g PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 951HI UT WOS:000230919800024 PM 16124293 ER PT J AU O'Neill, SM Lamb, BK AF O'Neill, SM Lamb, BK TI Intercomparison of the community multiscale air quality model and CALGRID using process analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICALLY CONSISTENT FORMULATIONS; METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GRID RESOLUTION; PART II; OZONE; SENSITIVITY; EMISSIONS; REGION AB This study was designed to examine the similarities and differences between two advanced photochemical air quality modeling systems: EPA Models-3/CMAQ and CALGRID/CALMET. Both modeling systems were applied to an ozone episode that occurred along the 1-5 urban corridor in western Washington and Oregon during July 11-14, 1996. Both models employed the same modeling domain and used the same detailed gridded emission inventory. The CMAQ model was run using both the CB-IV and RADM2 chemical mechanisms, while CALGRID was used with the SAPRC-97 chemical mechanism. Output from the Mesoscale Meteorological Model (MM5) employed with observational nudging was used in both models. The two modeling systems, representing three chemical mechanisms and two sets of meteorological inputs, were evaluated in terms of statistical performance measures for both 1- and 8-h average observed ozone concentrations. The results showed that the different versions of the systems were more similar than different, and all versions performed well in the Portland region and downwind of Seattle but performed poorly in the more rural region north of Seattle. Improving the meteorological input into the CALGRID/CALMET system with planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameters from the Models-3/CMAG meteorology preprocessor (MCIP) improved the performance of the CALGRID/CALMET system. The 8-h ensemble case was often the best performer of all the cases indicating that the models perform better over longer analysis periods. The 1-h ensemble case, derived from all runs, was not necessarily an improvement over the five individual cases, but the standard deviation about the mean provided a measure of overall modeling uncertainty. Process analysis was applied to examine the contribution of the individual processes to the species conservation equation. The process analysis results indicated that the two modeling systems arrive at similar solutions by very different means. Transport rates are faster and exhibit greater fluctuations in the CMAQ. cases than in the CALGRID cases, which lead to different placement of the urban ozone plumes. The CALGRID cases, which rely on the SAPRC97 chemical mechanism, exhibited a greater diurnal production/loss cycle of ozone concentrations per hour compared to either the RADM2 or CBIV chemical mechanisms in the CMAQ cases. These results demonstrate the need for specialized process field measurements to confirm whether we are modeling ozone with valid processes. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP O'Neill, SM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM oneill@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 15 BP 5742 EP 5753 DI 10.1021/es048403c PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 951HI UT WOS:000230919800042 PM 16124311 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Papiernik, SK Guo, MX Dungan, RS Yates, SR AF Zheng, W Papiernik, SK Guo, MX Dungan, RS Yates, SR TI Construction of a reactive surface barrier to reduce fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumigant; 1,3-dichloropropene; reactive surface barrier; atmospheric emission; chemical remediation ID METHYL-IODIDE; ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; SUBSTITUTION-REACTIONS; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; SOIL; CHLOROPICRIN; VOLATILIZATION; DECHLORINATION; TRANSFORMATION AB Halogenated fumigants have been used extensively in production agriculture to control soilborne pests. These types of pesticides are highly volatile and are prone to affect air quality and imperil public health. In the present study, a chemical tarp approach, termed a reactive surface barrier (RSB), was developed to reduce the emission of fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) from the soil surface. The agrochemicals thiourea and allylthiourea were tested as active reagents for the construction of a RSB, where these soil amendments react with 1,3-D to form nonvolatile isothiuronium ions at the soil surface and, thereby, impede fumigant emission into the atmosphere. The feasibility of the method largely depends on the reactivity of 1,3-D and the RSB agrochemicals in soil as well as on the mobility, persistence, and toxicity of the transformation products. Therefore, the reaction kinetics and transformation mechanism of 1,3-D by thiourea and allylthiourea were studied comprehensively in aqueous solution and soil. A catalytic process occurring at the surface of soil colloids facilitated the reaction between 1,3-D and thiourea in amended soils. The rate of 1,3-D transformation in thiourea-amended soil increased with decreasing soil moisture or increasing thiourea amendment level. In a field trial, a thiourea RSB reduced cumulative 1,3-D emissions by more than 80% relative to that in bare soil surface. The present results clearly indicate that this chemical remediation technology has great potential to control the emissions of volatile halogenated organic contaminants and to mitigate atmospheric pollution. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM cheng@ussl.ard.usda.gov NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1867 EP 1874 DI 10.1897/04-488R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 950QX UT WOS:000230873400004 PM 16152955 ER PT J AU Hu, JG Ochoa, OE Truco, MJ Vick, BA AF Hu, JG Ochoa, OE Truco, MJ Vick, BA TI Application of the TRAP technique to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genotyping SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE cluster analysis; EST-derived PCR primers; genetic similarity; target region amplification polymorphism ID IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; MARKERS; POLYMORPHISM; HOMEOBOX; SEQUENCE; RFLP; LOCI; MAP AB To demonstrate the applicability of the target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) marker technique to lettuce genotyping, we fingerprinted 53 lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars and six wild accessions (three from each of the two wild species, L. saligna L. and L. serriola L.). Seven hundred and sixty-nine fragments from 50 to 900 bp in length were amplified in 10 PCR reactions using 10 fixed primers in combination with four fluorescent labeled arbitrary primers. Three hundred and eighty-eight of these fragments were polymorphic among the 59 Lactuca entries and 107 fragments were polymorphic among the 53 lettuce cultivars and the six wild accessions; 251 fragments were present only in the wild species. These markers not only discriminated all cultivars, but also revealed the evolutionary relationship among the three species: L. sativa, the cultivated species, is more closely related to L. serriola than to L. saligna. Cluster analysis grouped the cultivars by horticultural types with a few exceptions. These results are consistent with previous findings using RFLP, AFLP, and SAMPL markers. The TRAP markers revealed significant differences in genetic variability among horticultural types, measured by the average genetic similarity among the cultivars of the same type. Within the sample set, the leaf type and butterhead types possessed relatively high genetic variability, the iceberg types had moderate variability and the romaine types had the lowest variability. The genetic behavior of TRAP markers was assessed with a mapping population of 45 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an interspecific cross between L. serriola and L. sativa. Almost all the markers segregated in the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio and are being incorporated into the existing lettuce linkage maps. Our results indicate that the TRAP markers can provide a powerful technique for fingerprinting lettuce cultivars. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hu, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 N 18th St, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM huj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 48 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD AUG PY 2005 VL 144 IS 3 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-6431-1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 975LE UT WOS:000232663200001 ER PT J AU Mahabir, S Baer, DJ Johnson, LL Frenkel, K Dorgan, JF Cambell, W Hartman, TJ Clevidence, B Albanes, D Judd, JT Taylor, PR AF Mahabir, S Baer, DJ Johnson, LL Frenkel, K Dorgan, JF Cambell, W Hartman, TJ Clevidence, B Albanes, D Judd, JT Taylor, PR TI No association between alcohol supplementation and autoantibodies to DNA damage in postmenopausal women in a controlled feeding study SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE alcohol; DNA damage; postmenopausal women ID 5-HYDROXYMETHYL-2'-DEOXYURIDINE; DIET AB Alcohol consumption is linked to increased breast cancer risk. Since oestrogens increase breast cancer risk, possibly through oxidative damage, and we have shown that alcohol consumption increases serum oestrogens, we tested whether moderate alcohol supplementation increased oxidative DNA damage among healthy postmenopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy in a randomized controlled crossover study. We used serum 5-hydroxymethyl-2-deoxyuridine (5-HMdU) autoantibodies (aAbs) as a marker of oxidative DNA damage. The results showed no evidence for increased or decreased levels of oxidative DNA damage among women who consumed 15 g or 30 g alcohol per day for 8 weeks compared with women in the 0g alcohol group. We conclude that among healthy women, it is possible that an 8-week trial of moderate alcohol supplementation might be too short to make enough 5-HMdU aAbs to compare differences by alcohol dose. In future studies, a panel of biomarkers for DNA damage should be used. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 14:427-429 (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Div Populat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Mahabir, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Unit 1340, CPB4-3247,1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM smahabir@mdanderson.org RI Mahabir, Somdat/A-9788-2008; Albanes, Demetrius/B-9749-2015 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-8278 J9 EUR J CANCER PREV JI Eur. J. Cancer Prev. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 427 EP 429 DI 10.1097/00008469-200508000-00017 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 955AF UT WOS:000231196300017 PM 16030435 ER PT J AU Dudek, EJ Shang, F Liu, Q Valverde, P Hobbs, M Taylor, A AF Dudek, EJ Shang, F Liu, Q Valverde, P Hobbs, M Taylor, A TI Selectivity of the ubiquitin pathway for oxidatively modified proteins: relevance to protein precipitation diseases SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cataracts; proteolytic pathways; cellular stress; ubiquitin proteasome pathway ID LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IRON REGULATORY PROTEIN-2; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PROTEASOME PATHWAY; OXIDIZED PROTEINS; DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; CONJUGATING ENZYMES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; DAMAGED PROTEINS; EYE LENS AB There is now consensus that the accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins is cytotoxic and causally related to several age-related diseases, including the amyloid diseases and age-related cataracts. There is also general agreement that proteolytic pathways provide a quality control mechanism to limit accumulation of damaged proteins. Although many researchers assume that the ubiquitin pathway is involved in recognition and proteolytic removal of oxidatively modified proteins, which are produced upon cellular stress, there has been no direct evidence to support this hypothesis. In this work, we used a novel proteolysis-resistant ubiquitin variant to demonstrate that ubiquitin conjugates isolated from oxidatively stressed mammalian cells are enriched 3.3 - 15-fold for oxidatively modified proteins and that failure to execute ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis renders various cell types more susceptible to oxidative stress-related cytotoxicity. These results were corroborated using several inhibitors of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, including PS-341, an anticancer drug in clinical use. Taken together the data indicate that the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway recognizes and removes oxidatively modified proteins, and that failure of this system, as occurs upon aging or stress, may be involved in and exacerbate cytotoxicity and age-related syndromes in which accumulation of ubiquitinated and oxidatively modified proteins has an etiologic role. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vis Res USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu RI Valverde, Paloma/A-9897-2008 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY11717, EY13078, EY13250, EY14183] NR 83 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1707 EP + PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 963YW UT WOS:000231843700014 PM 16099947 ER PT J AU Kobza, K Camporeale, G Rueckert, B Kueh, A Griffin, JB Sarath, G Zempleni, J AF Kobza, K Camporeale, G Rueckert, B Kueh, A Griffin, JB Sarath, G Zempleni, J TI K4, K9 and K18 in human histone H3 are targets for biotinylation by biotinidase SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE biotin; biotinidase; histone H3; lysine ID HOLOCARBOXYLASE SYNTHETASE; DEFICIENCY; METHYLATION; CELLS; GENE; MUTATION; TALK; H4 AB Histones are modified post-translationally, e.g. by methylation of lysine and arginine residues, and by phosphorylation of serine residues. These modifications regulate processes such as gene expression, DNA repair, and mitosis and meiosis. Recently, evidence has been provided that histones are also modified by covalent binding of the vitamin biotin. The aims of this study were to identify biotinylation sites in histone H3, and to investigate the crosstalk among histone biotinylation, methylation and phosphorylation. Synthetic peptides based on the sequence of human histone H3 were used as substrates for enzymatic biotinylation by biotinidase; biotin in peptides was probed using streptavidin peroxidase. These studies provided evidence that K4, K9 and K18 in histone H3 are good targets for biotinylation; K14 and K23 are relatively poor targets. Antibodies were generated to histone H3, biotinylated either at K4, K9 or K18. These antibodies localized to nuclei in human placental cells in immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting experiments, suggesting that lysines in histone H3 are biotinylated in vivo. Dimethylation of R2, R8 and R17 increased biotinylation of K4, K9 and K18, respectively, by biotinidase; phosphorylation of S10 abolished biotinylation of K9. These observations are consistent with crosstalk between biotinylation of histones and other known modifications of histones. We speculate that this crosstalk provides a link to known roles for biotin in gene expression and cell proliferation. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zempleni, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, 316 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jzempleni2@unl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR016469, 1 P20 RR16469]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 60447, DK 063945, R01 DK063945, R01 DK060447] NR 29 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 272 IS 16 BP 4249 EP 4259 DI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04839.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 952QU UT WOS:000231021400021 PM 16098205 ER PT J AU Malkus, A Reszka, E Chang, CJ Arseniuk, E Chang, PFL Ueng, PP AF Malkus, A Reszka, E Chang, CJ Arseniuk, E Chang, PFL Ueng, PP TI Sequence diversity of beta-tubulin (tubA) gene in Phaeosphaeria nodorum and P. avenaria SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE beta w-tubulin; Phaeosphaeria; wheat ID SMALL-GRAIN CEREALS; STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; BENOMYL-RESISTANCE; SEPTORIA DISEASES; SELECTABLE MARKER; WHEAT; BARLEY; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Full-length coding sequences of the beta-tubulin gene (tubA) were PCR-amplified and sequenced from 42 Phaeosphaeria isolates, including, 16 P. nodorum and 23 P. avenaria species from cereals, two Polish isolates from rye (Secale cereale L.), and one isolate from dallis grass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir). A tubA gene of size 1556 bp was identified in wheat- and barley-biotype P. nodorum (PN-w and PN-b), P. avenaria f. sp. avenaria (Paa), homothallic P. avenaria f. sp. triticea (P.a.t.) (Pat1) and the P.a.t. isolate (Pat3) from the State of Washington. The tubA gene length polymorphisms were detected in two P.a.t. isolates (Pat2) from foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.), one from dallis grass and two Polish isolates from rye. These size differences were due to the variation of intron lengths among these three Phaeosphaeria species. All Phaeosphaeria isolates have identical 1344 bp exons that can be translated into a 447 amino acid P-tubulin. Like glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the P-tubulin amino acid sequence was identical in all Phaeosphaeria species used in this study, with the exception of the two Pat2 isolates. Six amino acid differences were evident in the P-tubulin of these Pat2 isolates. (c) 2005 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Plant Breeding & Acclimatizat Inst, Dept Plant Pathol, Radzikow, Poland. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung, Taiwan. RP Ueng, PP (reprint author), USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM uengp@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 249 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.05.049 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 951OE UT WOS:000230939300007 PM 15972251 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Overstreet, RM Goodwin, AE Brandt, TM AF Mitchell, AJ Overstreet, RM Goodwin, AE Brandt, TM TI Spread of an exotic fish-gill trematode: A far-reaching and complex problem SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID MELANOIDES-TUBERCULATA MULLER; FRESH-WATER FISHES; CENTROCESTUS-FORMOSANUS; HETEROPHYID TREMATODE; UNITED-STATES; HONG-KONG; SNAIL; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; AQUACULTURE AB Centrocestus formosanus, the gill trematode, has caused serious losses among fish 0 raised by tropical fish producers since the early 1980s and is believed to be harmful to wild fish populations, including the federally listed endangered fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola), in the Comal River near San Marcos, Texas. The parasite appears to infect in many fishes from Hawaii, Florida, Texas, and Utah. The gill trematode has a complex life cycle involving definitive hosts (aquatic birds and occasionally some mammals) and intermediate hosts (aquatic snails and several fish species). In the United States, the green heron (Butorides virescens) and the great egret (Ardea alba) serve as definitive hosts. The first intermediate host, the red-rim melania (Melanoides tuberculatus), an exotic snail, has been found in 15 southern and western states. This snail exhibits resistance to desiccation, molluscicides, and disinfectants and has been documented to out-compete established mollusks. Both the gill trematode and its exotic snail host continue to spread in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS USA. Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. EM dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG PY 2005 VL 30 IS 8 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2005)30[11:SOAEFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 953IS UT WOS:000231070400005 ER PT J AU Murphy, RY Hanson, RE Duncan, LK Feze, N Lyon, BG AF Murphy, RY Hanson, RE Duncan, LK Feze, N Lyon, BG TI Considerations for post-lethality treatments to reduce Listeria monocytogenes from fully cooked bologna using ambient and pressurized steam SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE post-lethality treatment; ready-to-eat; deli meats; pasteurization; quality; Listeria monocytogenes ID IN-PACKAGE PASTEURIZATION; CHICKEN BREAST STRIPS; INACTIVATION D-VALUE; THERMAL INACTIVATION; HOT-WATER; POULTRY PRODUCTS; MEAT-PRODUCTS; INNOCUA; SALMONELLA; VACUUM AB During processing of ready-to-eat (RTE) deli meats, any secondary processing procedures such as peeling and cutting introduce the distinct possibility of cross-contamination between equipment, personnel, and food. To eliminate or reduce pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and ensure food safety, RTE deli meats can be pasteurized prior to or after packaging. In this study, ambient steam in-package pasteurization was compared with pressurized steam prepackaging pasteurization to reduce L. monocytogenes from fully cooked RTE bologna. The bologna (14cm diameter x 1.5 cm thickness) samples were surface-inoculated to contain about 8 log 10 of L. monocytogenes. To achieve 2 log reductions for L. monocytogenes, the bologna samples needed to be treated for about 10 s in pressurized steam at 131 degreesC or for about 2.5 min in ambient steam at 100 degreesC. The pasteurization time using pressurized steam treatment was about 75-90% shorter than using ambient steam treatment. Pressurized steam treatment may be integrated into a vacuum packaging unit to effectively eradicate L. monocytogenes from RTE meats just prior to sealing the retail packages to further reduce the treatment time, avoid post-treatment recontarninations by pathogens, and improve food safety without detrimentally affecting meat quality. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Thermal Proc & Food Saftey, Lodi, WI 53555 USA. Alkar RapidPak, Lodi, WI 53555 USA. FPS Technol LLC, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Murphy, RY (reprint author), 1728 Rolling Hills Dr, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. EM rong.murphy@cox-internet.com NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 22 IS 4 BP 359 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2004.09.009 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 904MZ UT WOS:000227503700010 ER PT J AU Sayaslan, A Seib, PA Chung, OK AF Sayaslan, A Seib, PA Chung, OK TI Wet-milling of flours from red, white and low-polyphenol oxidase white wheats SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE wheat; flour; wet-milling; polyphenol oxidase; PPO; gluten; colour ID ORIENTAL NOODLES; HARD WHITE; FRACTIONS; GLUTEN; COMMON; WINTER; COLOR AB Straight-grade and high-yield flours milled from red, white and low-polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity white wheats were wet-milled to give gluten, starch, tailings and water-soluble fractions. Wet gluten fractions were either oven-dried or freeze-dried and ground to obtain dry gluten. White wheats yielded slightly more flour with higher lightness (L*) than the red wheat. The wet-milling properties of all flours were comparable. The wet and oven-dried gluten fractions isolated from the low-PPO flours were the lightest, followed by the gluten fractions from the white and red wheat flours. The L* of the oven-dried gluten fractions from the low-PPO flours were similar to 1-3% higher than those from the white and red wheat flours. As the flour yield increased, the L* of the dry gluten fractions from all flours decreased likewise. However, the high-yield low-PPO white wheat flour gave the dry gluten with almost equal L* to the gluten isolated from the straight-grade red wheat flour, indicating the potential of the low-PPO white wheat flour in manufacturing brighter gluten. C1 Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Dept Food Engn, TR-60240 Tokat, Turkey. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Sayaslan, A (reprint author), Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Dept Food Engn, TR-60240 Tokat, Turkey. EM sayaslan@gop.edu.tr NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1082-0132 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT JI Food Sci. Technol. Int. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1177/1082013205056778 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 955JB UT WOS:000231221100002 ER PT J AU Bengston, DN Potts, RS Fan, DP Goetz, EG AF Bengston, DN Potts, RS Fan, DP Goetz, EG TI Am analysis of the public discourse about urban sprawl in the United States: Monitoring concern about a major threat to forests SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Wildland-Urban Interface - Forum on Economics and Policy CY MAR, 2004 CL St Augustine, FL SP Sch Forest Resource Conservat, Univ Florida, USDA, So Res Stn Forest Serv, USDA, So Reg Forest Serv DE urban sprawl; public discourse; computer content analysis; news media ID MASS-MEDIA; OPINION; GROWTH; COVERAGE; AGENDA AB Urban sprawl has been identified as a serious threat to forests and other natural areas in the United States, and public concern about the impacts of sprawling development patterns has grown in recent years. The prominence of public concern about sprawl is germane to planners, managers, and policymakers involved in efforts to protect interface forests from urban encroachment because the level of concern will influence the acceptance of policies and programs aimed at protecting forests. A new indicator of public concern about urban sprawl is presented, based on computer content analysis of public discussion contained in the news media from 1995-2001. More than 36,000 news stories about sprawl were analyzed for expressions of concern. Overall concern about sprawl grew rapidly during the latter half of the 1990s. The environmental impacts of sprawl were the most salient concern overall, and concern about loss of open space and traffic problems has increased since 1995 as a share of all sprawl concerns. The method described in this paper provides a new approach for planners and policymakers to monitor change in public attitudes about a wide range of social issues over time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Ctr Biol Sci, Dept Genet Cell Biol & Dev, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Hubert H Humphrey Inst Publ Affairs, Urban & Reg Planning Program, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Bengston, DN (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dbengston@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 EI 1872-7050 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5 SI SI BP 745 EP 756 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2005.03.010 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 961QI UT WOS:000231676500005 ER PT J AU Mercer, DE Prestemon, JP AF Mercer, DE Prestemon, JP TI Comparing production function models for wildfire risk analysis in the wildland-urban interface SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Wildland-Urban Interface - Forum on Economics and Policy CY MAR, 2004 CL St Augustine, FL SP Sch Forest Resource Conservat, Univ Florida, USDA, So Res Stn Forest Serv, USDA, So Reg Forest Serv DE production functions; wildfire; risk analysis; economics; wildland-urban interface; econometrics ID DISTANCE FUNCTION-APPROACH; FOREST-FIRES; CRIME; MANAGEMENT AB Wildfires create damages in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) that total hundreds of millions of dollars annually in the United States. Understanding how fires are produced in built-up areas near and within fire prone landscapes requires evaluating and quantifying the roles that humans play in fire regimes. We outline a typology of wildfire production functions (WPFs) and empirically estimate three broad classes of WPFs: fire event (ignitions), fire aggregate extent, and a combination function of fire effect and aggregate extent (an intensity-weighted aggregate extent model). Our case study is Florida, which contains an abundance of both wildland and human populations. We find that socio-economic variables play statistically significant roles in all three estimated production functions. At the county level, we find that population and poverty are usually positively related to annual wildfire area and intensity-weighted fire area, while unemployment is negatively related to ignitions, area, and intensity-weighted wildfire area. Poverty is found to be negatively related to wildfire ignitions, while the number of police are correlated with fewer ignitions. These results suggest that managers and decision makers should be aware of socio-economic variables and consider them in their wildland fire management decisions in the wildland-urban interface. Our results also emphasize the importance of including such variables in statistical models of wildfire risk in the WUI Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Mercer, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM emercer@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 EI 1872-7050 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5 SI SI BP 782 EP 795 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2005.03.003 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 961QI UT WOS:000231676500008 ER PT J AU Amacher, GS Malik, AS Haight, RG AF Amacher, GS Malik, AS Haight, RG TI Nonindustrial private landowners, fires, and the wildland-urban interface SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Wildland-Urban Interface - Forum on Economics and Policy CY MAR, 2004 CL St Augustine, FL SP Sch Forest Resource Conservat, Univ Florida, USDA, So Res Stn Forest Serv, USDA, So Reg Forest Serv DE uncertainty; non-industrial forest landowners; information; fuel reduction; salvage ID FOREST; TIMBER; ROTATION; STAND; RISK AB We estimate the value to a non-industrial forest landowner of information about the magnitude of fire arrival rates. A simulation based on a model from Amacher et al. [Amacher, G., Malik, A., Haight, R., in press. Not getting burned: the importance of fire prevention in forest management. Land Economics] is used to assess the cost of mistakes made by a landowner when stand management decisions are made without perfect knowledge of the fire arrival probability. These costs are reflected in the higher losses incurred by a landowner if fire arrives during a rotation. The representative landowner studied in the simulation is assumed to value nontimber benefits, and to make rotation age, planting density and fuel reduction decisions. We find that the value of information about the overall magnitude of fire risk is more than twice as high when the landowner underestimates fire risk, rather than overestimating it. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Econ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Amacher, GS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, 304D Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM gamacher@vt.edu NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 EI 1872-7050 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5 SI SI BP 796 EP 805 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2005.03.004 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 961QI UT WOS:000231676500009 ER PT J AU Reams, MA Haines, TK Renner, CR Wascom, MW Kingre, H AF Reams, MA Haines, TK Renner, CR Wascom, MW Kingre, H TI Goals, obstacles and effective strategies of wildfire mitigation programs in the Wildland-Urban interface SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Wildland-Urban Interface - Forum on Economics and Policy CY MAR, 2004 CL St Augustine, FL SP Sch Forest Resource Conservat, Univ Florida, USDA, So Res Stn Forest Serv, USDA, So Reg Forest Serv DE wildfire risk reduction; wildfire programs; wildfire mitigation; community planning ID MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AB The dramatic expansion into the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) places property, natural assets, and human life at risk from wildfire destruction. The U.S. National Fire Plan encourages communities to implement laws and outreach programs for pre-fire planning to mitigate the risk to area residents. Starting in 2003, we surveyed the administrators of regulatory and voluntary wildfire risk reduction programs in 25 U.S. states. These state and local programs are listed on the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service's National Wildfire Programs Database website, www.wildfireprograms.usda.gov, and are concerned with vegetation management on private lands. Analyses of the administrators' responses suggest several new insights about these risk mitigation efforts, including 1) how they are organized, 2) what they are trying to accomplish, 3) what are the obstacles, and 4) how well they may be working, In our study we describe the goals and objectives of these programs as well as the obstacles confronting managers. Further, we explore trends in these programs including participation in collaborative planning and use of program evaluation to measure progress toward goals. Additionally, we explore the program managers' perceptions of what are their most effective programs for creating defensible space. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. RP Reams, MA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Studies, 2107 Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mreams@lsu.edu; Tkhforest@aol.com; Shoodancer@aol.com NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 EI 1872-7050 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5 SI SI BP 818 EP 826 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2005.03.006 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 961QI UT WOS:000231676500011 ER PT J AU Zhang, LJ Gove, JH AF Zhang, LJ Gove, JH TI Spatial assessment of model errors from four regression techniques SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity; local indicator of spatial autocorrelation; ordinary least-squares; linear mixed model; generalized additive model; geographically weighted regression ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; TREE GROWTH; FOREST; COMPETITION; DIAMETER; STAND; AUTOCORRELATION; INCREMENT; HEIGHT AB Forest modelers have attempted to account for the spatial autocorrelations among trees in growth and yield models by applying alternative regression techniques such as linear mixed models (LMM), generalized additive models (GAM), and geographically weighted regression (GWR). However, the model errors are commonly assessed using average errors across the entire study area and across tree size classes. Little attention has been paid to the spatial heterogeneity of model performance. In this study, we used local Moran coefficients to investigate the spatial distributions of the model errors from the four regression models. The results indicated that GAM improved model-fitting to the data and provided better predictions for the response variable. However, it is nonspatial in nature and, consequently, generated spatial distributions for the model errors similar to the ones from ordinary least-squares (OLS). Furthermore, OLS and GAM yielded more clusters of similar (either positive or negative) model errors, indicating that trees in some subareas were either all underestimated or all overestimated for the response variable. In contrast, LMM was able to model the spatial covariance structures in the data and obtain more accurate predictions by accounting for the effects of spatial autocorrelations through the empirical best linear unbiased predictors. GWR is a varying-coefficient modeling technique. It estimated the model coefficients locally at each tree in the example plot and resulted in more accurate predictions for the response variable. Moreover, the spatial distributions of the model errors from LMM and GWR were more desirable, with fewer clusters of dissimilar model errors than the ones derived from OLS and GAM. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Zhang, LJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Forest & Nat Resources Management, 1 Forest Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM lizhang@esf.edu; jgove@fs.fed.us NR 63 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 51 IS 4 BP 334 EP 346 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 952ME UT WOS:000231006800006 ER PT J AU Jordan, L Daniels, RF Clark, A He, R AF Jordan, L Daniels, RF Clark, A He, R TI Multilevel nonlinear mixed-effects models for the modeling of earlywood and latewood microfibril angle SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microfibril angle; mixed effects models; nonlinear models; loblolly pine; repeated measurements ID WOOD; SOFTWOODS; QUALITY AB Earlywood and latewood microfibril angle (MFA) was determined at 1-millimeter intervals from disks at 1.4 meters, then at 3-meter intervals to a height of 13.7 meters, from 18 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees grown in southeastern Texas. A modified three-parameter logistic function with mixed effects is used for modeling earlywood and latewood MFA. By making the parameters of the logistic function linear functions of height, a three-dimensional model was developed that describes the changes of earlywood and latewood MFA within the tree. A first-order autoregressive correlation structure and a variance model corresponding to a variance covariate given by the fitted values for each wood type, but in which the proportionality constant differs according to the level of wood type, was identified as the within-group correlation and variance structures. Cross-validation was used to determine model accuracy and precision. The methods of model development including determination of the height structure, which parameters should be considered random or fixed, determination of an appropriate variance-covariance structure, and prediction are addressed. Model performance was evaluated utilizing informative statistics including likelihood ratio tests (LRTs), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jordan, L (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lcj6444@forestry.uga.edu; ddaniels@forestry.uga.edu; aclark@fs.fed.us; rxh0951@forestry.uga.edu NR 24 TC 32 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 51 IS 4 BP 357 EP 371 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 952ME UT WOS:000231006800008 ER PT J AU Bolstad, PV Vose, JM AF Bolstad, PV Vose, JM TI Forest and pasture carbon pools and soil respiration in the southern Appalachian Mountains SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE land use change; carbon; biomass ID OAK-HICKORY FOREST; CO2 EFFLUX; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; HARDWOOD FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; GAS-EXCHANGE; FLOOR; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS AB Our ability to estimate the changes in carbon (C) pools and fluxes due to forest conversion is hampered by a lack of comparative studies. We measured above- and belowground C pools and soil respiration flux at four forested and four pasture sites in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Above- and belowground C pools were significantly larger (P < 0.01, t-test) at forested sites relative to pasture sites. The largest differences were in aboveground live biomass, which averaged 152 Mg ha(-1) C at the forested sites and 1.9 Mg ha(-1) at the pasture sites. Coarse root and stump C and surface detritus were also substantially different, averaging 41.3 and 32.6 Mg ha(-1) C, respectively, at the forested sites, and less than 1 Mg ha(-1) at the pasture sites. Fine root C was higher and mineral soil C lower at pasture sites relative to comparable forested sites, but neither difference was statistically significant. Soil respiration at a given temperature was generally lower at pasture sites relative to forest sites. However, soil temperatures at pastures were consistently higher than at forest sites. Estimated annual soil respiration flux averaged 10.9 Mg C ha(-1) at the pasture sites and 12.6 Mg C ha(-1) at the forested sites. FOR. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USFS, So Forest Expt Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Bolstad, PV (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jvose@fs.fed.us NR 70 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 51 IS 4 BP 372 EP 383 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 952ME UT WOS:000231006800009 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Marquis, GS Douglas, SD Wilson, CM AF Stephensen, CB Marquis, GS Douglas, SD Wilson, CM TI Plasma cytokines and oxidative damage in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults: A protective role for IL-10? SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oxidative damage; HIV; malondialdehyde; protein carbonyl; IL-10 ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; T-CELLS; INFECTION; INTERLEUKIN-10; POPULATION; DISEASE; PROJECT; DESIGN AB HIV infection causes immune activation that leads to oxidative damage. Proinflammatory cytokines may promote such damage and the regulatory cytokine IL-10 may protect against such damage. To examine the relation of these cytokines to oxidative damage, 67 cases of oxidative damage and 67 matched controls were selected from the reaching for excellence in adolescent health (REACH) study. Subjects were young (15-23 years), largely female (76%), HIV-positive (73%) and black (69%). Proinflammatory cytokines were not significantly associated with oxidative damage but plasma IL-10 had a significant, negative association with oxidative damage. This finding is consistent with a protective role for IL-10 in diminishing oxidative damage during immune activation. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat,Childrens Hosp Penn, Div Allergy & Immunol,Joseph Stokes Jr Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat & Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cstephensen@ucdavis.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI46183]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01-HD32830]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P60 MD00222-01] NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 8 BP 859 EP 864 DI 10.1080/10715760500164136 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 947AN UT WOS:000230614500007 PM 16036366 ER PT J AU Campbell, JL Mitchell, MJ Groffman, PM Christenson, LM Hardy, JP AF Campbell, JL Mitchell, MJ Groffman, PM Christenson, LM Hardy, JP TI Winter in northeastern North America: a critical period for ecological processes SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; HARDWOOD FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SUBZERO TEMPERATURES; SOIL TEMPERATURES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ALPINE TUNDRA; ARCTIC TUNDRA; TAIGA SOILS AB Ecological research during winter has historically been a low priority in northeastern North America, an oversight that stems from the commonly accepted notion that there is little biological activity when temperatures,drop below freezing. However, recent research has shown that winter can be an especially important period for ecological processes, providing evidence that "dormant season" is a misnomer. Uncertainties about the effects of climate change on ecosystems are highlighting the need for a more thorough understanding of winter ecology. The failure to collect winter data in northeastern North America has meant that researchers are ill-equipped to make predictions about how ecosystems will respond to future climate change. A more focused, integrative ecological winter monitoring and research effort will enable us to better prepare for, and respond to, future climate change. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Campbell, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jlcampbell@fs.fed.us RI Baulch, Helen/I-9529-2012; OI Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 NR 66 TC 123 Z9 163 U1 8 U2 56 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 3 IS 6 BP 314 EP 322 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0314:WINNAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950MH UT WOS:000230860900018 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Bond, BJ Warren, JM Woodruff, DR AF Meinzer, FC Bond, BJ Warren, JM Woodruff, DR TI Does water transport scale universally with tree size? SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allometric scaling; hydraulic architecture; sap flow; sapwood; xylem anatomy ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; EUCALYPTUS-GRANDIS TREES; HEAT PULSE METHOD; SAP FLOW; DOUGLAS-FIR; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; VASCULAR PLANTS; GENERAL-MODEL; TRANSPIRATION; SAPWOOD AB 1. We employed standardized measurement techniques and protocols to describe the size dependence of whole-tree water use and cross-sectional area of conducting xylem (sapwood) among several species of angiosperms and conifers. 2. The results were not inconsistent with previously proposed 3/4-power scaling of water transport with estimated above-ground biomass. However, for a given size, angiosperms transported considerably greater quantities of water than conifers. 3. In the angiosperms studied, the scaling of water transport with sapwood area, stem diameter and above-ground biomass was best described by sigmoid functions rather than a power function, consistent with the previously reported size dependence of other processes such as growth. 4. At least three distinct species groupings for relationships between sapwood area and stem basal area were observed. Scaling of sapwood area with stem radius was well described by a power function of the form Y = Y(0)X(b). However, exponents obtained for two of the three species groups differed significantly from a recently proposed theoretical value of 2.33. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; NR 40 TC 89 Z9 96 U1 7 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 558 EP 565 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01017.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957TX UT WOS:000231397300003 ER PT J AU El-Assar, AM Krueger, RR Devanand, PS Chao, CCT AF El-Assar, AM Krueger, RR Devanand, PS Chao, CCT TI Genetic analysis of Egyptian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) accessions using AFLP markers SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE genetic similarity; germplasm; molecular markers; Phoenix dactylifera ID IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; DIVERSITY; CULTURE; MOROCCO; RFLP; RAPD AB Forty-seven samples of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) collected from eight locations in Egypt were studied using four sets of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers with near infrared fluorescence labeled primers. These samples belonged to 21 named accessions and 9 of unknown pedigrees. A total of 350 bands were scored and 233 (66.6%) were polymorphic. Twenty-seven Egyptian accessions and 'Medjool' and 'Deglet Noor'accessions from California could beclassified into the major cluster. This major cluster may represent a major group of date palm germplasm in North Africa. There were four other clusters, each containing one or two accessions. The variety 'Halawy'and one accession of unknown provenance were most likely from hybridization between two clusters. Six groups of accessions of which had the same names, revealed similar but not identical AFLP profiles suggesting these accessions might derive from seedlings rather thanthrough clonal offshoot propagation. C1 Inst Hort Res, Trop Fruit & Date Palm Res Dept, Giza, Egypt. ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus & Dates, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Chao, CCT (reprint author), Inst Hort Res, Trop Fruit & Date Palm Res Dept, 9 Cairo Univ St, Giza, Egypt. EM etchao@citrus.ucr.edu OI Pachanoor, Devanand/0000-0003-1057-5046 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1007/s10722-004-0583-z PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 978FI UT WOS:000232858600013 ER PT J AU Levi, A Thomas, C AF Levi, A Thomas, C TI Polymorphisms among chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of Citrullus species and subspecies SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE citrullus; cucurbits; genetic similarity; RFLP ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MAIZE MITOCHONDRIA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; WATERMELON; DNA; CUCURBITACEAE; SEQUENCE; LANATUS; PLANT; COLOCYNTHIS AB Twelve and six DNA clones representing various parts of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes, respectively, were used to detect polymorphism among five watermelon cultivars and 21 U.S. Plant Introductions (PIs) collected from diverse geographical locations and representing major groups of Citrullus species. Cluster analysis based on 20 chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and 10 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers differentiated the accessions into three major phenetic groups: PIs and watermelon cultivars of Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris (Schrad. ex Eckl. et Zeyh.) Fursa (also designated as C. lanatus var. lanatus) (group I), PIs of C. lanatus var. citroides (of C. lanatus subsp. lanatus Schrad. ex Eckl. et Zeyh.)(group II), and C. colocynthis (L.) Schrad. PIs (group III). The chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of watermelon cultivars are distinct, but closely related to those of the C. lanatus var. lanatus PIs. On the other hand, the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of the wild species C. colocynthis are more similar to those of C. lanatus var. citroides. Polymorphic cpDNA and mtDNA markers identified in this study can complement isozyme and nuclear DNA data used in earlier phylogenetic and phenetic classifications of Citrullus PIs. These cpDNA and mtDNA markers are being used in experiments designed to enhance watermelon cultivars by replacing the chloroplast and mitochondrial genome of cultivated watermelon with those of the wild species C. colocynthis. C1 ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Levi, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM alevi@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 609 EP 617 DI 10.1007/s10722-004-2600-7 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 978FI UT WOS:000232858600014 ER PT J AU Della Vedova, CB Lorbiecke, R Kirsch, H Schulte, MB Scheets, K Borchert, LM Scheffler, BE Wienand, U Cone, KC Birchler, JA AF Della Vedova, CB Lorbiecke, R Kirsch, H Schulte, MB Scheets, K Borchert, LM Scheffler, BE Wienand, U Cone, KC Birchler, JA TI The dominant inhibitory chalcone synthase allele C2-Idf (Inhibitor diffuse) from Zea mays (L.) acts via an endogenous RNA silencing mechanism SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DIRECTED DNA METHYLATION; ANTHOCYANIN REGULATORY GENE; H3 LYSINE-9 METHYLATION; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; MULTIGENE FAMILY; VIRAL SUPPRESSOR; GLYCINE-MAX; MAIZE AB The flavonoid pigment pathway in plants has been used as a model system for studying gene regulatory mechanisms. C2-Idf is a stable dominant mutation of the chalcone synthase gene, c2, which encodes the first dedicated enzyme in this biosynthetic pathway of maize. Homozygous C2-Idf plants show no pigmentation. This allele also inhibits expression of functional C2 alleles in heterozygotes, producing a less pigmented condition instead of the normal deeply pigmented phenotype. To explore the nature of this effect, the C2-Idf allele was cloned. The gene structure of the C2-Idf haplotype differs substantially from that of the normal c2 gene in that three copies are present. Two of these are located in close proximity to each other in a head-to-head orientation and the third is closely linked. Previous experiments showed that the lower level of pigmentation in heterozygotes is correlated with reduced enzyme activity and low steady state mRNA levels. We found that c2 transcription occurs in nuclei of C2-Idf/C2 heterozygotes, but mRNA does not accumulate, suggesting that the inhibition is mediated by RNA silencing. Infection of C2-Iqf/C2 heterozygotes with viruses that carry suppressors of RNA silencing relieved the phenotypic inhibition, restoring pigment production and mRNA levels. Finally, we detected small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in plants carrying C2-Idf but not in plants homozygous for the wild-type C2 allele. Together, our results indicate that the inhibitory effect of C2-Idf occurs through RNA silencing. C1 Univ Missouri, Genet Area Program, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Hamburg, Biozentrum, Klein Flottbek & Bot Garten, Hamburg, Germany. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Birchler, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Genet Area Program, 117 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM birchlerj@missouri.edu RI Della Vedova, Chris/F-4583-2013; OI Della Vedova, Chris/0000-0002-2361-3729; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5T32GM08396-13, T32 GM008396] NR 68 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2005 VL 170 IS 4 BP 1989 EP 2002 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.043406 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 966PO UT WOS:000232033300046 PM 15956664 ER PT J AU Mian, MAR Saha, MC Hopkins, AA Wang, ZY AF Mian, MAR Saha, MC Hopkins, AA Wang, ZY TI Use of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in phylogenetic analysis of cool-season forage grasses SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE phylogeny; EST-SSR; forage grasses; tall fescue ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; SIMPLE-SEQUENCE REPEATS; DACTYLOIDES NUTT ENGELM; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; RYEGRASSES LOLIUM; AFLP ANALYSES; RAPD; WHEAT; RICE AB Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are highly useful molecular markers for plant improvement. Expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR markers have a higher rate of transferability across species than genomic SSR markers and are thus well suited for application in cross-species phylogenetic studies. Our objectives were to examine the amplification of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in 12 grass species representing 8 genera of 4 tribes from 2 subfamilies of Poaceae and the applicability of these markers for phylogenetic analysis of grass species. About 43% of the 145 EST-SSR primer pairs produced PCR bands in all 12 grass species and had high levels of polymorphism in all forage grasses studied. Thus, these markers will be useful in a variety of forage grass species, including the ones tested in this study. SSR marker data were useful in grouping genotypes within each species. Lolium temulentum, a potential model species for cool-season forage grasses, showed a close relation with the major Festuca-Lolium species in the study. Tall wheatgrass was found to be closely related to hexaploid wheat, thereby confirming the known taxonomic relations between these species. While clustering of closely related species was found, the effectiveness of such data in evaluating distantly related species needs further investigations. The phylogenetic trees based on DNA sequences of selected SSR bands were in agreement with the phylogenetic relations based on length polymorphism of SSRs markers. Tall fescue EST-SSR markers depicted phylogenetic relations among a wide range of cool-season forage grass species and thus are an important resource for researchers working with such grass species. C1 Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. RP Mian, MAR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mian.3@osu.edu NR 49 TC 49 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 637 EP 647 DI 10.1139/G05-029 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 958SD UT WOS:000231467100010 PM 16094432 ER PT J AU Barkley, NA Newman, ML Wang, ML Hotchkiss, MW Pederson, GA AF Barkley, NA Newman, ML Wang, ML Hotchkiss, MW Pederson, GA TI Assessment of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of a temperate bamboo collection by using transferred EST-SSR markers SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE bamboo germplasm; genetic diversity; phylogeny ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; RICE AB Polymorphic expressed sequence tag - simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers derived from major cereal crops were used to assess the genetic diversity of the USDA temperate bamboo collection consisting of 92 accessions classified in 11 separate genera and 44 species. A total of 211 bands were detected with a mean number of alleles per locus of 8.440. Phylogenetic relationships were determined by calculating genetic distances between all pairwise combinations and assessing differences in character data. The resulting dendrograms (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) and parsimony) clustered the accessions into 2 main clades, which corresponded to accessions characterized morphologically as either clumping (sympodial) or running (monopodial) bamboos. The majority of the accessions clustered according to their current taxonomic classification. These markers were also beneficial in identifying contaminated and (or) misidentified plots. Overall, these transferred markers were informative in differentiating the various bamboo accessions and determining the level of genetic variation within and among species and genera. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conervat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conervat Unit, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mwang@ars-grin.gov RI Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 731 EP 737 DI 10.1139/G05-022 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 958SD UT WOS:000231467100018 PM 16094440 ER PT J AU Lepper, K Scott, GF AF Lepper, K Scott, GF TI Late Holocene aeolian activity in the Cimarron River valley of west-central Oklahoma SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aeolian activity; eolian activity; Southern Plains; Cimarron River; OSL dating; optical dating ID SOUTH-CENTRAL KANSAS; LANDSCAPE RESPONSE; MIDDLE-HOLOCENE; COLORADO; PLAINS; SAND; USA AB This investigation uses a multidisciplinary approach including geomorphic surface mapping, soil stratigraphic analysis, radiocarbon dating and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to investigate the chronology of soil formation and aeolian activation periods recorded in ridge dune deposits as well as the spatial variability of aeolian processes during active aeolian episodes. This study shows that aeolian landforms superimposed on fluvial terraces adjacent to the Cimarron River in southeastern Major County and northwestern Kingfisher County, Oklahoma are the product of distinct late Holocene climatic conditions, in which periods of dune activity are episodic and accumulation of sediments is relatively rapid. Soil-forming processes operated on the stabilized dunes during intervening periods. We also demonstrate that the synthesis of geomorphic techniques, soil stratigraphy, (14) C dating and OSL dating can provide complimentary and high-resolution data about aeolian activity in the Southern Plains. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Geosci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, NRCS, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. RP Lepper, K (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Geosci, 131 Stevens Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM ken.lepper@ndsu.edu; greg.scott@ok.usda.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.03.010 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 966IK UT WOS:000232013100004 ER PT J AU Barron-Gafford, G Martens, D Grieve, K Biel, K Kudeyarov, V McLain, JET Lipson, D Murthy, R AF Barron-Gafford, G Martens, D Grieve, K Biel, K Kudeyarov, V McLain, JET Lipson, D Murthy, R TI Growth of eastern cottonwoods (Populus deltoides) in elevated [CO(2)] stimulates stand-level respiration and rhizodeposition of carbohydrates, accelerates soil nutrient depletion, yet stimulates above- and belowground biomass production SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE poplars; soil carbohydrates; soil nutrient depletion; stand-level CO(2) exchange ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; LEAF RESPIRATION; ISOPRENE EMISSION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; N FERTILIZATION; FINE ROOTS; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; AVAILABILITY AB We took advantage of the distinctive system-level measurement capabilities of the Biosphere 2 Laboratory (B2L) to examine the effects of prolonged exposure to elevated [CO(2)] on carbon flux dynamics, above- and belowground biomass changes, and soil carbon and nutrient capital in plantation forest stands over 4 years. Annually coppiced stands of eastern cottonwoods (Populus deltoides) were grown under ambient (400 ppm) and two levels of elevated (800 and 1200 ppm) atmospheric [CO(2)] in carbon and N-replete soils of the Intensive Forestry Mesocosm in the B2L. The large semiclosed space of B2L uniquely enabled precise CO(2) exchange measurements at the near ecosystem scale. Highly controllable climatic conditions within B2L also allowed for reproducible examination of CO(2) exchange under different scales in space and time. Elevated [CO(2)] significantly stimulated whole-system maximum net CO(2) influx by an average of 21% and 83% in years 3 and 4 of the experiment. Over the 4-year experiment, cumulative belowground, foliar, and total aboveground biomass increased in both elevated [CO(2)] treatments. After 2 years of growth at elevated [CO(2)], early season stand respiration was decoupled from CO(2) influx aboveground, presumably because of accelerated fine root production from stored carbohydrates in the coppiced system prior to canopy development and to the increased soil carbohydrate status under elevated [CO(2)] treatments. Soil respiration was stimulated by elevated [CO(2)] whether measured at the system level in the undisturbed soil block, by soil collars in situ, or by substrate-induced respiration in vitro. Elevated [CO(2)] accelerated depletion of soil nutrients, phosphorus, calcium and potassium, after 3 years of growth, litter removal, and coppicing, especially in the upper soil profile, although total N showed no change. Enhancement of above- and belowground biomass production by elevated [CO(2)] accelerated carbon cycling through the coppiced system and did not sequester additional carbon in the soil. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Columbia Univ, Oracle, AZ 85621 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. Ctr Invest Food & Dev, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Biosphere 2, Oracle, AZ 85621 USA. RP Barron-Gafford, G (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM gregbg@email.arizona.edu RI rascher, katherine/E-5734-2012; OI Kudeyarov, Valery/0000-0002-0217-2872 NR 54 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1220 EP 1233 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00985.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 948OW UT WOS:000230726600003 ER PT J AU van Haren, JLM Handley, LL Biel, KY Kudeyarov, VN McLain, JET Martens, DA Colodner, DC AF van Haren, JLM Handley, LL Biel, KY Kudeyarov, VN McLain, JET Martens, DA Colodner, DC TI Drought-induced nitrous oxide flux dynamics in an enclosed tropical forest SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE closed system; drought; N2O; pulse; soil emission; soil profile; tropical forest ID RAIN-FOREST; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; EASTERN AMAZONIA; SOIL EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; N2O EMISSIONS; BIOSPHERE 2; PASTURES; AUSTRALIA; METHANE AB El Nino-La Nina cycles strongly influence dry and wet seasons in the tropics and consequently nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from tropical rainforest soils. We monitored whole-system and soil chamber N2O fluxes during 5-month-long droughts in the Biosphere 2 tropical forest to determine how rainfall changes N2O production. A consistent pattern of N2O flux changes during drought and subsequent wetting emerged from our experiments. Soil surface drying during the first days of drought, presumably increased gas transport out of the soil, which increased N2O fluxes. Subsequent drying caused an exponential decrease in whole-system (4.0 +/- 0.1% day(-1)) and soil chamber N2O flux (8.9 +/- 0.8% day(-1); south chamber; and 13.7 +/- 1.1% day(-1); north chamber), which was highly correlated with soil moisture content. Soil air N2O concentration ([N2O]) and flux measurements revealed that surface N2O production persisted during drought. The first rainfall after drought triggered a N2O pulse, which amounted to 25% of drought-associated reduction in N2O flux and 1.3 +/- 0.4% of annual N2O emissions. Physical displacement of soil air by water and soil chemistry changes during drought could not account for the observed N2O pulse. We contend that osmotic stress on the microbial biomass must have supplied the N source for pulse N2O, which was produced at the litter-soil interface. After the pulse, N2O fluxes were consistently 90% of predrought values. Nitrate change rate, nutrient, [N2O], and flux analyses suggested that nitrifiers dominated N2O production during the pulse and denitrifiers during wet conditions. N2O flux measurements in Biosphere 2, especially during the N2O pulse, demonstrate that large-scale integration methods, such as flux towers, are essential for improving ecosystem N2O flux estimates. C1 Univ Arizona, Flandrau Sci Ctr, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Columbia Univ, Biosphere Ctr 2, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DQ, Scotland. Ctr Invest Food & Dev, CIAD, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Physicochem & Biol Problems Soil Sci, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. RP van Haren, JLM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Flandrau Sci Ctr, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, POB 210038,1601 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jvanharen@email.arizona.edo OI Kudeyarov, Valery/0000-0002-0217-2872 NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 38 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1247 EP 1257 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00987.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 948OW UT WOS:000230726600005 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Reeves, JB Blank, B AF Ziska, LH Reeves, JB Blank, B TI The impact of recent increases in atmospheric CO2 on biomass production and vegetative retention of Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum): implications for fire disturbance SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; cheatgrass; fire frequency; invasive weeds ID PLANTS; METABOLISM; GROWTH; IDAHO AB Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is a recognized, invasive annual weed of the western United States that reduces fire return times from decades to less than 5 years. To determine the interaction between rising carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and fuel load, we characterized potential changes in biomass accumulation, C : N ratio and digestibility of three cheatgrass populations from different elevations to recent and near-term projections in atmospheric [CO2]. The experimental CO2 values (270, 320, 370, 420 mu mol mol(-1)) corresponded roughly to the CO2 concentrations that existed at the beginning of the 19th century, that during the 1960s, the current [CO2], and the near-term [CO2] projection for 2020, respectively. From 25 until 87 days after sowing (DAS), aboveground biomass for these different populations increased 1.5-2.7 g per plant for every 10 mu mol mol(-1) increase above the 270 mu mol mol(-1) preindustrial baseline. CO2 sensitivity among populations varied with elevational origin with populations from the lowest elevation showing the greatest productivity. Among all populations, the undigestible portion of aboveground plant material (acid detergent fiber ADF, mostly cellulose and lignin) increased with increasing [CO2]. In addition, the ratio of C : N increased with leaf age, with [CO2] and was highest for the lower elevational population. These CO2-induced qualitative changes could, in turn, result in potential decreases in herbivory and decomposition with subsequent effects on the aboveground retention of cheatgrass biomass. Overall, these data suggest that increasing atmospheric [CO2] above preambient levels may have contributed significantly to cheatgrass productivity and fuel load with subsequent effects on fire frequency and intensity. C1 USDA, ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Lab, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 26 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1325 EP 1332 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00992.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 948OW UT WOS:000230726600011 ER PT J AU Black, BL Hokanson, SC Lewers, KS AF Black, BL Hokanson, SC Lewers, KS TI Fruit nitrogen content of sixteen strawberry genotypes grown in an advanced matted row production system SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria x ananassa; nitrogen ID FERTILIZER NITROGEN; JUNE-BEARING AB In the perennial strawberry production system, removal of the harvested crop represents a loss of nitrogen (N) that may be influenced by cultivar. Eight strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) cultivars and eight numbered selections grown in advanced matted row culture were compared over three seasons for removal of N in the harvested crop. Replicated plots were established in 1999, 2000, and 2001 and fruited the following year. 'Allstar', 'Cavendish', 'Earliglow', 'Honeoye', 'Jewel', 'Northeaster', 'Ovation', and 'Latestar' and selections B37, B51, B244-89, B683, B753, B781, B793, and B817 were compared for yield and fruit N concentration. Harvest removal of N (HRN) was calculated from total season yield and fruit N concentration at peak harvest. There were significant differences in HRN among genotypes, ranging from 1.80 to 2.96 g N per meter of row for numbered selections B781 and B37, respectively. Among cultivars, HRN ranged from 2.01 to 3.56 g center dot m(-1) for 'Ovation' and 'Jewel', respectively. The amount of HRN was largely determined by yield, however, there were also significant genotype differences in fruit N concentration, ranging from 0.608 to 0.938 mg N per gram fresh weight for B244-89 and 'Jewel', respectively. These differences indicate that N losses in the harvested crop are genotype dependent. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Black, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM blackb@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Black, Brent/A-8822-2008 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1190 EP 1193 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300004 ER PT J AU Tennant, P Souza, MT Gonsalves, D Fitch, MM Manshardt, RM Slightom, JL AF Tennant, P Souza, MT Gonsalves, D Fitch, MM Manshardt, RM Slightom, JL TI Line 63-1: A new virus-resistant transgenic papaya SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pathogen-derived resistance; transgenic resistance ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; RINGSPOT-VIRUS; PLANTS; SUPPRESSION; PROTECTION AB The disease resistance of a transgenic line expressing the coat protein (CP) gene of the mild strain of the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) from Hawaii was further analyzed against PRSV isolates from Hawaii and other geographical regions. Line 63-1 originated from the same transformation experiment that resulted in line 55-1 from which the transgenic commercial cultivars,'Rainbow' and 'SunUp', were derived. Plants of line 63-1 used in this study consisted of a population from a self pollinated R-o bisexual plant. ELISA and PCR tests provided evidence that there are at least two segregating CP loci. To allow for comparison with reactions of the previously reported line 55-1, virus isolates from Hawaii, Brazil, Thailand, and Jamaica were used to challenge seedlings of 63-1. Unlike line 55-1, a significant percentage of inoculated transgenic plants were susceptible to isolates from Hawaii. However, a proportion of plants were resistant to the non-Hawaiian isolates. In contrast, previous work showed that all plants of the hemizygous line 55-1 were susceptible to PRSV isolates from Brazil, Thailand, and Jamaica. Line 63-1, therefore, presents Hawaii with PRSV-resistant transgenic germplasm that could be used as a source of transgenes for resistance to PRSV isolates within and outside of Hawaii. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea Hts Dr, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. AureoGen Biosci, SMIC, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Tennant, P (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, Kingston 7, Jamaica. EM tennant@uwimona.edu.jm NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1196 EP 1199 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300006 ER PT J AU Jenderek, MM Zewdie, Y AF Jenderek, MM Zewdie, Y TI Within- and between-family variability for important bulb and plant traits among sexually derived progenies of garlic SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium sativum; Allium longicuspis; breeding; clonal selection; garlic true seeds; phenotype; PI accessions ID ALLIUM-SATIVUM L; SEED PRODUCTION; CLONES AB Until recently, there has been no large-scale production of true seeds in garlic (A. sativum L. and A. longicuspis L.). The recent discovery of male fertile garlic accessions stimulated research on the genetics and breeding of garlic. However, there is no information regarding the phenotypic characteristics of garlic populations generated from true seeds. We evaluated the first generation of sexually derived families of garlic for bulb and clove weight, number of cloves per bulb, flower stalk height, number of leaves' plant height, and days required to achieve bulb maturity. Significant variations were observed within and among families for these important traits. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Arid Land Plant Genet Resource Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Jenderek, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Arid Land Plant Genet Resource Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM mjenderek@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1234 EP 1236 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300015 ER PT J AU Black, BL Swartz, HJ Deitzer, GF Butler, B Chandler, CK AF Black, BL Swartz, HJ Deitzer, GF Butler, B Chandler, CK TI The effects of conditioning strawberry plug plants under altered red/far-red light environments SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria; photoperiod; day length; phytochrome ID FAR-RED; STEM EXTENSION; GROWTH; SYSTEM; FILMS AB The effect of altered red/far-red light environment on subsequent field performance of strawberry plug plants was tested. Two wavelength-selective plastic films were compared to neutral shade and full-sun control for conditioning 'Chandier' strawberry plug plants before transplanting to a winter production system. The following year, plug plants of 'Chandler', 'Sweet Charlie', and 'Allstar' were conditioned under the same treatments, with the addition of a continuous incandescent light and a short-day photoperiod, and plant performance was followed in the winter production system in Florida, a cold-climate annual hill system in Maryland, and in a low-input greenhouse production system. During the first year, the red light-filtering film slightly advanced fruiting in Florida. However, during the second year, the effect of the red light-filtering film was not significant, and a short-day treatment resulted in a greater reduction in runnering and increased early crown and flower development. For June-bearing strawberry plants maintained above 20 degrees C, altering the red/far-red environment did not consistently advance flowering. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Maryland Cooperat Extens Serv, Carroll Cty Extens, Westminster, MD 21157 USA. Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Dover, FL 33527 USA. RP Black, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM blackb@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Black, Brent/A-8822-2008 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1263 EP 1267 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300022 ER PT J AU Kumar, V Abdul-Baki, A Anderson, JD Mattoo, AK AF Kumar, V Abdul-Baki, A Anderson, JD Mattoo, AK TI Cover crop residues enhance growth, improve yield, and delay leaf senescence in greenhouse-grown tomatoes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; Vicia villosa; hairy vetch; Secale cereale; rye; cover crop mulches; nitrogen fertilizer ID FRESH-MARKET TOMATOES; HAIRY VETCH; BLACK POLYETHYLENE; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; MULCHES; HERBICIDE; PROTEINS; AMMONIUM; TILLAGE; RUNOFF AB Cover crop management in growing horticultural produce has attracted attention for reducing soil erosion and limiting the input of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), one of the cover crops, exhibits desirable attributes such as high N fixing ability, biomass quality, adaptability to low temperatures, resistance to pests, and fitness in vegetable production, particularly in rotation with tomatoes. The interactions between the cover crop mulch and the tomato plant in the field plots result in delayed leaf senescence and increased disease tolerance. The mechanisms underlying these interactions are largely unknown. Limits in pursuing these studies year-round in the field-growing season and complexity and variability of the field environment-could be circumvented if the observed responses of tomato plants to hairy vetch mulch in the field could be reproduced under greenhouse conditions. We have tested tomato plants for two years in the greenhouse using soil residues brought from field plots where respective cover crops had been previously grown. Treatments were a) bare soil from a fallow, weed-free field plot, b) soil from a field plot that had been planted into a rye cover crop, and c) soil from a field plot that had been planted into a hairy vetch cover crop. Pots with soil from the rye or vetch field plots were further topped with rye or vetch residues, respectively, after transplanting the tomato plants. Additional N was applied to 50% of the plants in each treatment. In the greenhouse, cover crop residue-supplemented tomatoes exhibited high vigor, higher marketable yield and delayed senescence compared to those grown in bare soil. All treatments responded favorably to additional N from commercial fertilizers. Delayed leaf senescence correlated with the accumulation of rubisco large subunit and chitinase, two proteins central to photosynthesis and pathogenesis, respectively. This study shows that the responses of tomato plants to cover crops seen in the field can be mimicked under greenhouse conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mattooa@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1307 EP 1311 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300032 ER PT J AU Lombardini, L Harris, MK Glenn, DM AF Lombardini, L Harris, MK Glenn, DM TI Effects of particle film application on leaf gas exchange, water relations, nut yield, and insect populations in mature pecan trees SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DUST; LEAVES; APPLE; TRANSPIRATION; ASSIMILATION; TEMPERATURE; SUPPRESSION; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE AB Trials were conducted during summer months of 2002 and 2003 to evaluate the effects of a kaolin-based particle film (Surround WP, Engelhard Corp.) on gas exchange, nut quality, casebearer density and population of natural enemies (insects and arachnids) on pecan (Carya illinoinensis 'Pawnee') trees. Film application was repeated for seven (2002) or nine (2003) times during the growing season. In both years, treated trees showed lower leaf temperature (up to 4 degrees C) than untreated trees. During the warmest hours of the day, kaolin-treated leaves were generally 0 to 2 degrees C cooler than air temperatures, compared to 4 to 6 degrees C for control leaves. Leaf net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and stem water potential were not affected by film application. Nut size and quality did not differ between the two treatments. Shellout (percentage of nut consisting of kernel) was not affected by treatment and averaged about 55%. Crop grade distribution (fancy, choice, standard, and damaged) was also similar among treatments in both years. In both years, numbers of green lacewing eggs was less on kaolin-treated compared to control leaves. The density of common natural enemies (lady beetles, green lacewings, spiders) of pecan pests did not differ between treatments. The average number of developing nuts damaged by pecan nut casebearer (Acrobasis nuxvorella Neunzig) was significantly higher in kaolin-sprayed trees (24.2%) compared to control trees sprayed with conventional insecticides (9.3%). The results suggest that kaolin-based particle film may not be a viable alternative to conventional methods of controlling pecan pests. Also, under adequate irrigation conditions, carbon assimilation, water relations and productivity may not benefit from kaolin particle film application. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Lombardini, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM l-lombardini@tamu.edu NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1376 EP 1380 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300046 ER PT J AU Bentz, JA Townsend, AM AF Bentz, JA Townsend, AM TI Variation in Leafhopper species abundance and diversity among elm seedlings and cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE species richness; species evenness; species equitability; Simpson's 1-D index; Berger-Parker index; host plant resistance; Ulmus ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CICADELLIDAE; HOMOPTERA; POTATO; MAPLE AB A survey was conducted in the 2001 growing season to determine the leafhopper species composition, abundance, richness, diversity, and evenness among trees of three elm (Ulmus sp.) cultivars, two U.S. National Arboretum (USNA) seedling selections of U. szechuanica Fang, and two USNA seedling selections of U. bergmanniana Schneid. in a mixed stand. Yellow sticky traps were used to qualify and quantify the number of aerial leafhoppers from 1 May 2001 until 4 September 2001. A total of 4,523 individuals, belonging to 39 species within seven leafhopper subfamilies, were trapped. The weekly mean number of leafhoppers collected was significantly higher on traps from 'Patriot', followed by 'Frontier' and 'Prospector', than on traps from the USNA seedling selections. Although the weekly mean species richness for 'Prospector' was lower than the other two cultivars, the three cultivars had higher mean species richness than the USNA seedling selections of U. szechuanica and U. bergmanniana. Diversity among cultivars was higher than among the USNA seedling selections. Ulmus bergmanniana 68983 and U. szechuanica 68986 shared the highest percentage of species similarity, while 'Frontier' and U. szechuanica 68991 were the most dissimilar. Of the species collected, Agallia quadripunctata, Empoasca fabae and Graphocephala versuta were the most abundant. The other species were mostly rare based on their low abundance. Scaphoideus luteolus, the only confirmed vector of elm yellows in North America, was found among the elm cultivars only. Yet, the Cicadellinae leafhoppers that are vectors of Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of bacterial leaf scorch, were found among both the cultivars and USNA seedling selections. Such data could allow for the screening and selection of elms resistant to economically important leafhoppers. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Glenn Dale, MD 20769 USA. RP Bentz, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARCW,Bldg 010A,Room 238, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bentzj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1393 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300049 ER PT J AU Copes, WE Scherm, H AF Copes, WE Scherm, H TI Plant spacing effects on microclimate and Rhizoctonia web blight development in container-grown azalea SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerial blight; environmental factors; plant density; stem blight ID LEAF WETNESS DURATION; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; CERCOSPORA-APII; DENSITY; TEMPERATURE; STRAWBERRY; INFECTION; ECOLOGY AB Rhizoctonia web blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia spp., is an annual problem in compact cultivars of container-grown azalea (Rhododendron spp.) in the Gulf Coast states. Increasing the space between plants is commonly recommended for suppression of the disease, but experimental evidence for the effectiveness of this cultural practice in container-grown azalea is lacking. During the summers of 2002 and 2003, disease severity was measured weekly in the inoculated center plant of plots consisting of 49 potted 'Gumpo White' azalea plants growing in 3.8-L containers and having a canopy diameter of about 30 cm. Plant spacing within plots was 0, 6, 12, 18, or 24 cm, and plots were arranged in three randomized complete blocks. Evaporation, leaf wetness (LW), relative humidity (RH), and temperature were monitored in each plot. Disease severity increased steadily from mid-July to late August or early September, after which it leveled off or declined. Evaporation increased and the number of hours within the temperature range favorable for disease development (25 to 30 degrees C) decreased significantly with plant spacing (P < 0.05), but LW and RH were not significantly different among treatments. Plant spacing also had no significant effect on disease severity. Daily overhead irrigation and compact plant form likely contributed to the lack of effect of spacing on disease development. C1 ARS, USDA, So Hort Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Copes, WE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Hort Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM wcopes@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1408 EP 1412 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300054 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Eisele, TA Elfving, DC Drake, MA Drake, SL Visser, DB AF Drake, SR Eisele, TA Elfving, DC Drake, MA Drake, SL Visser, DB TI Effects of the bioregulators aminoethoxyvinylglycine and ethephon on brix, carbohydrate, acid, and mineral concentrations in 'Scarletspur Delicious' apple juice SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PREHARVEST DROP; GALA APPLES; QUALITY; STORAGE; GROWTH; FRUIT; INCREASE; MATURITY; TREES; AVG AB In a study conducted over three crop seasons, Ethrel (ETH) increased the Brix, sucrose, and sorbitol content of 'Scarletspur Delicious' apple juice while reducing the fructose content. Both longer preharvest exposure to, and higher concentrations of, ETH had a stronger influence than application closer to harvest and/or at lesser amounts. Time of ETH application tended to influence individual carbohydrates more so than amount of ETH applied. ETH reduced total acidity and also reduced apple juice individual acid (quinic and malic) contents with longer preharvest exposure or higher concentrations. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine [AVG (ReTain)] reduced both Brix and sucrose content of 'Scarletspur Delicious' apple juice, but had no influence on either total acidity or individual acid contents. Combinations of AVG with ETH tended to counteract the influence of either used alone on total Brix, carbohydrates, total acidity and individual acids. Mineral content of 'Scarletspur Delicious' apple juice was not strongly influenced by application of either ETH or AVG. C1 ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Tree Top Inc, Selah, WA 98942 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1421 EP 1424 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300057 ER PT J AU Obenland, D Neipp, P Mackey, B Neven, L AF Obenland, D Neipp, P Mackey, B Neven, L TI Peach and nectarine quality following treatment with high-temperature forced air combined with controlled atmosphere SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE quarantine; sensory evaluation; mealiness; codling moth; oriental fruit moth ID HEAT-TREATMENTS; FRUIT; MEALINESS; DISINFESTATION; GRAPEFRUIT; TOLERANCE; APPLES; LARVAE AB Yellow- and white-fleshed peach [Prunus persica(L.)Batschl and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nectarina (Ait) Maxim.] cultivars of mid- and late-season maturity classes were subjected to combined controlled atmosphere-temperature treatment system (CATTS) using heating rates of either 12 degrees C/hour (slow rate) or 24 degrees C/hour (fast rate) with a final chamber temperature of 46 degrees C, while maintaining a controlled atmosphere (CA) of I kPa oxygen and 15 kPa carbon dioxide. Fruit seed surface temperatures generally reached 45 degrees C within 160 minutes and 135 minutes for the slow and fast heating rate, respectively. The total duration of the slow heating rate treatment was 3 hours, while 2.5 h was required for the fast heating rate treatment. Following treatment the fruit were stored at 1 degrees C for either 1, 2, or 3 weeks followed by a ripening period of 2 to 4 d at 23 degrees C and subsequent evaluation of fruit quality. Fruit quality was similar for both heating rate treatments. Compared with the untreated controls, CATTS fruit displayed higher amounts of surface injury, although increased injury was only an important factor to marketability in cultivars that had high amounts of surface injury before treatment. The percentage of free juice in the flesh was slightly less in CATTS fruit early in storage but was often greater in treated fruit toward the end of the storage period. Slower rates of softening during fruit ripening were apparent in CATTS fruit. Soluble solids, acidity, weight loss and color all were either not affected or changed to a very small degree as a result of CATTS. Members of a trained sensory panel preferred the taste of untreated fruit over fruit that had been CATTS but the ratings of treated and nontreated fruit were generally similar and it is unclear whether an average consumer could detect the difference. Although further work needs to be done regarding the influence of CATTS on taste, it otherwise appears that CATTS does not adversely affect the marketability of good quality fruit and therefore shows promise as a nonchemical quarantine treatment for peaches and nectarines. C1 ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. ARS, USDA, Biometry Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98941 USA. RP Obenland, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dobenland@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1425 EP 1430 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300058 ER PT J AU Ritchey, KD Schumann, CM AF Ritchey, KD Schumann, CM TI Response of woodland-planted ramps to surface-applied calcium, planting density, and bulb preparation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gypsum; slaked lime; calcium hydroxide; calcium sulfate; land plaster; wild leek; Allium tricoccum; acidity; nontimber forest products ID LIMESTONE; GYPSUM AB Concern about over-harvesting wild populations of ramps (Allium tricoccum Ait.) has led to interest in planting ramps as an under-story agroforestry crop. To see if ramps would respond to Ca amendments in an acidic site, we planted three types of ramps bulbs and broadcast slaked lime (3316 kg.ha(-1)) or gypsum (7704 kg.ha(-1)) on a Rayne silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludults). After 3 years, surface-applied slaked lime raised Ca levels as deep as the 22.5 to 30 cm layer, which showed an increase of 0.34 cmol(c).kg(-1), and increased pH in the 2.5 to 5.0 cm layer from 3.96 to 4.67. Gypsum application raised Ca concentration in the 22.5 to 30 cm layer from 0.2 in the control to 0.7 cmol(c).kg(-1), but had little effect on pH anywhere in the profile. In plots harvested after 2 years, both amendments increased plant survival and per-plant weight, compared to controls. In plots harvested after 3 years, ramps grown in the slaked lime treatment were heavier than in the gypsum treatment indicating that slaked lime, which raised pH as well as supplied Ca, was probably the better amendment. Single or joined bulbs survived better than bulbs obtained by breaking joined bulbs in two. While more research is needed to overcome limitations to commercial planting of ramps in acidic sites, our data show that Ca application is beneficial to growth and survival of ramps. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Ritchey, KD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Dale.Ritchey@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1516 EP 1520 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300078 ER PT J AU Bai, JH Baldwin, EA Goodner, KL Mattheis, JP Brecht, JK AF Bai, JH Baldwin, EA Goodner, KL Mattheis, JP Brecht, JK TI Response of four apple cultivars to 1-methylcyclopropene treatment and controlled atmosphere storage SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus sylvestris var. domestica; firmness; titratable acidity; volatile abundance; 1-MCP; CA ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; VOLATILE PRODUCTION; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; DELICIOUS APPLES; GALA APPLE; ETHYLENE; QUALITY; 1-MCP; TEMPERATURE; VARIETIES AB Apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf. ('Gala', 'Delicious" 'Granny Smith'and 'Fuji')], pretreated or nontreated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, 0.6 to 1.0 mu L.L-1 for 18 hours at 20 degrees C), were stored in controlled atmosphere (CA, 1 to 1.5 kPa O-2; 1 to 2 kPa CO2) or in regular atmosphere (RA) for up to 8 months at 1 degrees C. Firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content(SSC), and volatile abundance were analyzed every month directly or after transfer to air at 20 degrees C for 1 week to determine effect of 1-MCP, storage atmosphere and storage time on apple quality immediately after cold storage and after simulated marketing conditions at 20 degrees C. The 1-MCP +/- CA treatments delayed ripening and prolonged storage fife as indicated by delayed loss of firmness and TA in all four cultivars during storage. The 1-MCP +/- CA also slightly delayed loss of SSC for 'Gala' but had no effect on SSC levels for the other cultivars. There were differences among treatments for firmness and TA content [(1-MCP + RA) > CA] for 'Gala', 'Delicious', and 'Granny Smith' apples, but not for 'Fuji'. These differences were generally exacerbated after transfer of fruit to 20 degrees C for 1 week. A combination of 1-MCP + CA was generally best [(1-MCP + CA) > (1-MCP + RA) or CA] for maintaining 'Delicious' firmness and TA. However, the treatments that were most effective at retaining TA and firmness also retained the least volatiles. The results indicate that the efficacy of 1-MCP and CA in maintaining apple quality factors is cultivar dependent and that 1-MCP + RA may be a viable alternative to CA for optimal eating quality for some cultivars. C1 ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Baldwin, EA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM ebaldwin@citrus.usda.gov RI Brecht, Jeffrey/B-2375-2013 NR 33 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1534 EP 1538 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300082 ER PT J AU Beasley, JS Branham, BE Ortiz-Ribbing, LM AF Beasley, JS Branham, BE Ortiz-Ribbing, LM TI Trinexapac-ethyl affects Kentucky bluegrass root architecture SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PGRs; root surface area; shoot growth; root length; Azure A ID CREEPING BENTGRASS; GROWTH-RESPONSES; PACLOBUTRAZOL; MEFLUIDIDE; NITROGEN AB Trinexapac-ethyl (TE) [4-(cyclopropyl-a-hydroxy-methylene)-3,5-dioxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester] effects on turfgrass root architecture are not known. It has been postulated that PGR application could cause photoassimilate that is normally used for shoot growth to be funneled to root growth. This study evaluated the effects of a single TE application on kentucky bluegrass (KBG) root and shoot growth for seven weeks. Individual KBG plants were grown in a hydroponic system and harvested weekly. At each harvest, tiller height, tiller number, and color ratings were recorded. Estimates of total root length (TRL), root surface area (SA), and average root diameter were measured using the WinRhizo system. Trinexapac-ethyl reduced plant height for 4 weeks followed by a period of postinhibition growth enhancement. Trinexapac-ethyl increased tiller number over the course of the study and slightly enhanced plant color. Trinexapacethyl reduced TRL and SA 48% and 46% at 1 week after treatment (WAT) followed by an accelerated growth rate 1 to 4 WAT. Trinexapac-ethyl had no effect on root diameter. On a tiller basis, TE initially reduced TRL and SA 30% and 31%, respectively. Total root length per tiller and root surface area per tiller were reduced by TE treatment, but by 7 WAT, those differences were no longer significant. Initial reductions in TRL and SA per tiller may reduce tiller competitiveness for water and nutrients. Based on data for TRL and SA per tiller, shoot and root growth must be considered in total to fully understand TE effects on plant growth. Field research is needed to corroborate results from hydroponic-studies and examine the effect of various TE rates and multiple applications on turfgrass root and shoot growth. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Branham, BE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bbranham@uiuc.edu NR 24 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1539 EP 1542 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300083 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Stretch, AW Vorsa, N Draper, AD AF Ehlenfeldt, MK Stretch, AW Vorsa, N Draper, AD TI 'Cara's Choice' blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE fruit breeding; Vaccinium; tetraploid ID HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY AB 'Cara's Choice' is a mid-season ripening, tetraploid, hybrid blueberry (Vaccinium x 'Cara's Choice') that was developed by the cooperative breeding program of the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (NJAES). 'Cara's Choice' was given its name in recognition of its excellent fruit quality with improved sweetness, firmness, and flavor. C1 ARS, USDA, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1556 EP 1557 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300087 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Stretch, AW Vorsa, N Draper, AD AF Ehlenfeldt, MK Stretch, AW Vorsa, N Draper, AD TI 'Hannah's Choice' highbush blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE fruit breeding; Vaccinium corymbosum; Vaccinium atrococcum; tetraploid AB 'Hannah's Choice' is an early-ripening, tetraploid, highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) that was developed by the cooperative breeding program of the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (NJAES). It was named because it represents an improvement in sweetness, firmness, and flavor over currently grown early cultivars. C1 ARS, USDA, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1558 EP 1560 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300088 ER PT J AU Clark, JR Moore, JN Perkins-Veazie, P AF Clark, JR Moore, JN Perkins-Veazie, P TI 'White Rock' and 'White County' peaches SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Prunus persica; fruit breeding; bacterial spot; Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Clark, JR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1561 EP 1565 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300089 ER PT J AU Stommel, JR Abbott, JA Saftner, RA AF Stommel, JR Abbott, JA Saftner, RA TI USDA 02L1058 and 02L1059: Cherry tomato breeding lines with high fruit beta-carotene content SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE carotenoids; Lycopersicon esculentum; Lycopersicon cheesmanii; pigment; value-added; vitamin A ID QUALITY C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Sci Inst,Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Sci Inst,Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stommel, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Sci Inst,Vegetable Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM stommelj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1569 EP 1570 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300091 ER PT J AU Stommel, JR Griesbach, RJ AF Stommel, JR Griesbach, RJ TI Capsicum annuum L. 'Black pearl' SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE pepper; ornamentals; breeding C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Sci Inst,Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stommel, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Sci Inst,Vegetable Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM stommelj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1571 EP 1573 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 946MV UT WOS:000230577300092 ER PT J AU Dennis, RA Mayer, J Applegate, G Chokkalingam, U Colfer, CJP Kurniawan, I Lachowski, H Maus, P Permana, RP Ruchiat, Y Stolle, F Suyanto Tomich, TP AF Dennis, RA Mayer, J Applegate, G Chokkalingam, U Colfer, CJP Kurniawan, I Lachowski, H Maus, P Permana, RP Ruchiat, Y Stolle, F Suyanto Tomich, TP TI Fire, people and pixels: Linking social science and remote sensing to understand underlying causes and impacts of fires in Indonesia SO HUMAN ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fires; underlying causes; remote sensing; GIS; participatory mapping; Indonesia ID VEGETATION FIRES; FOREST-FIRES; SENSED DATA; LAND-USE; DEFORESTATION; KALIMANTAN; POLICY; IMAGES; SMOKE AB This study in the wake of 1990s fire catastrophes identifies and analyzes underlying causes of vegetation fires in eight locations across Borneo and Sumatra. Multidisciplinary and multiscale analysis integrates geospatial technologies with varied social research approaches and participatory mapping. It helps fill a void of site-specific evidence on diverse underlying causes of the Indonesian fires, despite emerging consensus on macrolevel causes and impacts, and policy debates on preventing future fire disasters. Our most important findings include confirmation of multiple direct and underlying fire causes at each of the eight locations, no single dominant fire cause at any site, and wide differences in fire causes among sites. Conclusions emphasize the importance of location specific studies within a regional analytical context. Our "hybrid" research methods demonstrate the explanatory power of integrating geospatial and social analysis techniques, and the benefits of analyzing fire causes and impacts at multiple scales in varied locations across diverse regions. C1 Ctr Int Forestry Res CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. URS Forestry, Jakarta, Indonesia. US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, USDA, Salt Lake City, UT USA. World Agroforestry Ctr, Bogor, Indonesia. World Resources Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. World Agroforestry Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Dennis, RA (reprint author), Ctr Int Forestry Res CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. EM rdennis@hn.ozemail.com.au NR 80 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 28 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0300-7839 J9 HUM ECOL JI Hum. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 465 EP 504 DI 10.1007/s10745-005-5156-z PG 40 WC Anthropology; Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 955KU UT WOS:000231225600002 ER PT J AU Grassi, D Necozione, S Lippi, C Croce, G Valeri, L Pasqualetti, P Desideri, G Blumberg, JB Ferri, C AF Grassi, D Necozione, S Lippi, C Croce, G Valeri, L Pasqualetti, P Desideri, G Blumberg, JB Ferri, C TI Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE endothelium; insulin; hypertension, essential ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; CARDIAC SYNDROME-X; NITRIC-OXIDE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; BLACK TEA; SENSITIVITY INDEXES; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; LDL CHOLESTEROL; HEALTHY HUMANS; HEART-DISEASE AB Consumption of flavanol-rich dark chocolate (DC) has been shown to decrease blood pressure (BP) and insulin resistance in healthy subjects, suggesting similar benefits in patients with essential hypertension ( EH). Therefore, we tested the effect of DC on 24-hour ambulatory BP, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in patients with EH. After a 7-day chocolate-free run-in phase, 20 never-treated, grade I patients with EH ( 10 males; 43.7 +/- 7.8 years) were randomized to receive either 100 g per day DC ( containing 88 mg flavanols) or 90 g per day flavanol-free white chocolate (WC) in an isocaloric manner for 15 days. After a second 7-day chocolate-free period, patients were crossed over to the other treatment. Noninvasive 24-hour ambulatory BP, FMD, OGTT, serum cholesterol, and markers of vascular inflammation were evaluated at the end of each treatment. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated from OGTT values. Ambulatory BP decreased after DC ( 24- hour systolic BP - 11.9 +/- 7.7 mm Hg, P < 0.0001; 24-hour diastolic BP - 8.5 +/- 5.0 mm Hg, P < 0.0001) but not WC. DC but not WC decreased HOMA-IR ( P < 0.0001), but it improved QUICKI, ISI, and FMD. DC also decreased serum LDL cholesterol ( from 3.4 +/- 0.5 to 3.0 +/- 0.6 mmol/L; P < 0.05). In summary, DC decreased BP and serum LDL cholesterol, improved FMD, and ameliorated insulin sensitivity in hypertensives. These results suggest that, while balancing total calorie intake, flavanols from cocoa products may provide some cardiovascular benefit if included as part of a healthy diet for patients with EH. C1 Univ Aquila, Dept Internal Med & Publ Hlth, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ferri, C (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Dipartimento MISP, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. EM claudio.ferri@cc.univaq.it RI Grassi, Davide/O-6519-2015; OI Grassi, Davide/0000-0003-1005-4689; Ferri, Claudio/0000-0002-3594-2503; NECOZIONE, Stefano/0000-0003-2501-1665 NR 57 TC 299 Z9 306 U1 18 U2 102 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD AUG PY 2005 VL 46 IS 2 BP 398 EP 405 DI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70 PG 8 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 950AJ UT WOS:000230829700030 PM 16027246 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MF Wiens, GD Purcell, MK Palti, Y AF Rodriguez, MF Wiens, GD Purcell, MK Palti, Y TI Characterization of Toll-like receptor 3 gene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE Toll-like receptor; innate immunity; rainbow trout; gene ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; DANIO-RERIO; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION; TLR3; RESPONSES; DOMAIN; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; RECOGNITION AB Antiviral immunity in fish is not well understood. In mammals, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 is involved in double-stranded RNA recognition and host immune response activation. Here, we report the first identification of a rainbow trout TLR3 ortholog (rtTLR3), its genomic structure, and mRNA regulation. Six exons and five introns were identified from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing, and this genomic organization is similar to mammalian and fish TLR3 genes. The putative 913 amino acid protein has a Toll/interleukin (IL)-1R (TIR) domain, a transmembrane domain, and leucine-rich repeats. In healthy trout, rtTLR3 is highly expressed in the liver, pyloric ceca, intestine, spleen, and anterior and trunk kidney tissues. To investigate whether rtTLR3 is involved in antiviral immunity, transcriptional regulation in vivo was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after poly inosinic:cytidylic (I:C) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) treatments. TLR3 mRNA expression peaked I day after poly (I:C) injection of live animals, while the peak of gene expression after live IHNV challenge was observed on day 3. In vitro stimulation of rainbow trout anterior kidney leukocytes with poly (I:C) also enhanced rtTLR3 expression. Up-regulation was specific to viral challenge as there was no significant up-regulation of rtTLR3 mRNA levels in the spleen and a modest down-regulation in the anterior kidney after bath challenge with a gram-negative bacterial trout pathogen, Yersinia ruckeri. The sequence conservation of trout TLR3 and mRNA regulation after poly (I:C) or RNA virus exposures strongly suggest a role for trout TLR3 in antiviral immunity. C1 ARS, NCCCWA, UDSA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rodriguez, MF (reprint author), ARS, NCCCWA, UDSA, 11876 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM frodriguez@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780; Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 NR 49 TC 85 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD AUG PY 2005 VL 57 IS 7 BP 510 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s00251-005-0013-1 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 970VJ UT WOS:000232340200005 PM 16086174 ER PT J AU Jabri, B Kasarda, DD Green, PHR AF Jabri, B Kasarda, DD Green, PHR TI Innate and adaptive immunity: the Yin and Yang of celiac disease SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID T-CELL LYMPHOMA; INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; GLUTEN-SENSITIVE ENTEROPATHY; CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE; REFRACTORY SPRUE; NATURAL-KILLER; ORGAN-CULTURE; IN-VIVO AB Celiac disease is a multigenetic complex inflammatory disorder with an autoimmune component, induced by gluten, a protein found in wheat. It is a unique human disease model to dissect the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms underlying T-cell-mediated tissue destruction and the development of T-cell lymphoma in conditions of chronic T-cell activation. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol Med & Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Jabri, B (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol Med & Pediat, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 1089, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM bjabri@bsd.uchicago.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 58727-01A1] NR 115 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 206 BP 219 EP 231 DI 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00294.x PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 949VW UT WOS:000230817200015 PM 16048552 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, MA Carlson, SA Franklin, SK McCuddin, ZP Wu, MT Sharma, VK AF Rasmussen, MA Carlson, SA Franklin, SK McCuddin, ZP Wu, MT Sharma, VK TI Exposure to rumen protozoa leads to enhancement of pathogenicity of and invasion by multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica bearing SGI1 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM DT104; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MULTIRESISTANT SALMONELLA; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII; SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM; FLUOROGENIC PCR; IDENTIFICATION AB Multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that has been purported to be more virulent than antibiotic-sensitive counterparts. The paradigm for this multiresistant/hyperpathogenic phenotype is Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phage type DT104 (DT104). The basis for the multiresistance in DT104 is related to an integron structure designated SGI1, but factors underlying hyperpathogenicity have not been completely identified. Since protozoa have been implicated in the alteration of virulence in Legionella and Mycobacterium spp., we attempted to assess the possibility that protozoa may contribute to the putative hypervirulence of DT104. Our study reveals that DT104 can be more invasive, as determined by a tissue culture invasion assay, after surviving within protozoa originating from the bovine rumen. The enhancement of invasion was correlated with hypervirulence in a bovine infection model in which we observed a more rapid progression of disease and a greater recovery rate for the pathogen. Fewer DT104 cells were recovered from tissues of infected animals when protozoa were lysed by preinfection chemical defaunation of the bovine or ovine rumen. The protozoan-mediated hypervirulence phenotype was observed only in DT104 and other Salmonella strains, including serovars Agona and Infantis, possessing SGI1. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 42 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 8 BP 4668 EP 4675 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.8.4668-4675.2005 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 949BT UT WOS:000230760600024 PM 16040979 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, AA Chan, L Han, R Tan, J Kothary, M Jean-Gilles, J Tall, BD AF Bhagwat, AA Chan, L Han, R Tan, J Kothary, M Jean-Gilles, J Tall, BD TI Characterization of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains based on acid resistance phenotypes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; DECARBOXYLASE SYSTEM; TOLERANCE RESPONSE; ENTERIC BACTERIA; GENE-EXPRESSION; RPOS MUTATIONS; GLUTAMATE; O157-H7; SURVIVAL; STRESS AB Acid resistance is perceived to be an important property of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains, enabling the organisms to survive passage through the acidic environment of the stomach so that they may colonize the mammalian gastrointestinal tract and cause disease. Accordingly, the organism has developed at least three genetically and physiologically distinct acid resistance systems which provide different levels of protection. The glutamate-dependent acid resistance (GDAR) system utilizes extracellular glutamate to protect cells during extreme acid challenges and is believed to provide the highest protection from stomach acidity. In this study, the GDAR system of 82 pathogenic E. coli isolates from 34 countries and 23 states within the United States was examined. Twenty-nine isolates were found to be defective in inducing GDAR under aerobic growth conditions, while five other isolates were defective in GDAR under aerobic, as well as fermentative, growth conditions. We introduced rpoS on a low-copy-number plasmid into 26 isolates and were able to restore GDAR in 20 acid-sensitive isolates under aerobic growth conditions. Four isolates were found to be defective in the newly discovered LuxR-like regulator GadE (formerly YhiE). Defects in other isolates could be due to a mutation(s) in a gene(s) with an as yet undefined role in acid resistance since GadE and/or RpoS could not restore acid resistance. These results show that in addition to mutant alleles of rpoS, mutations in gadE exist in natural populations of pathogenic E. coli. Such mutations most likely alter the infectivity of individual isolates and may play a significant role in determining the infective dose of enterohemorrhagic E. coli. C1 USDA, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US FDA, Div Virulence Assessment, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), USDA, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, ARS, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Tall, Ben/0000-0003-0399-3629 NR 52 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 8 BP 4993 EP 5003 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.8.4993-5003.2005 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 949BT UT WOS:000230760600059 PM 16041014 ER PT J AU Tuo, WB Fetterer, R Jenkins, M Dubey, JP AF Tuo, WB Fetterer, R Jenkins, M Dubey, JP TI Identification and characterization of Neospora caninum cyclophilin that elicits gamma interferon production SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE; CD4(+) T-CELLS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BINDING-PROTEIN; CYCLOSPORIN-A; BALB/C MICE; DISEASE; IMMUNOPHILINS; INDUCTION AB Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) response is essential to the development of a host protective immunity in response to infections by intracellular parasites. Neosporosis, an infection caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Neospora caninum, is fatal when there is a complete lack of IFN-gamma in the infected host. However, the mechanism by which IFN-gamma is elicited by the invading parasite is unclear. This study has identified a microbial protein in the N. caninum tachyzoite N. caninum cyclophilin (NcCyP) as a major component of the parasite responsible for the induction of IFN-gamma production by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells. NcCyP has high sequence homology (86%) with Toxoplasma gondii 18-kDa CyP with a calculated molecular mass of 19.4 kDa. NcCyP is a secretory protein with a predicted signal peptide of 17 amino acids. Abundant NcCyP was detected in whole-cell N. caninum tachyzoite lysate antigen (NcAg) and N. caninum tachyzoite culture supernatant. In N. caninum tachyzoite culture supernatant, three NcCyP bands of 19, 22, and 24 kDa were identified. NcAg stimulated high levels of IFN-gamma production by PBMC and CD4(+) T cells. The IFN-gamma-inducing effect of NcAg was blocked by cyclosporine, a specific ligand for CyP, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, cyclosporine abolished IFN-gamma production by PBMC from naive cows as well as PBMC and CD4(+) T cells from infected/immunized cows. These results indicate that the N. caninum tachyzoite naturally produces a potent IFN-gamma-inducing protein, NcCyP, which may be important for parasite survival as well as host protection. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tuo, WB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wtuo@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 30 TC 24 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 8 BP 5093 EP 5100 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.8.5093-5100.2005 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 949BT UT WOS:000230760600070 PM 16041025 ER PT J AU Li, HR Oppert, B Higgins, RA Huang, FN Buschman, LL Gao, JR Zhu, KY AF Li, HR Oppert, B Higgins, RA Huang, FN Buschman, LL Gao, JR Zhu, KY TI Characterization of cDNAs encoding three trypsin-like proteinases and mRNA quantitative analysis in Bt-resistant and -susceptible strains of Ostrinia nubilalis SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE European corn borer; trypsin; serine proteinases; real-time quantitative PCR; Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry1Ab; resistance mechanisms; resistance management ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; INDIANMEAL MOTH; CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA AB Our previous studies suggested that Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance in a Dipel-resistant strain of Ostrinia nubilalis was primarily due to reduced trypsin-like proteinase activity. In this study, we demonstrated a 254-fold resistance to Cry1Ab protoxin but only 12-fold to trypsin-activated Cry1Ab toxin in the Dipel-resistant strain. Significantly higher resistance to Cry1Ab protoxin than to trypsin-activated Cry1Ab toxin further supports the hypothesis that reduced trypsin-like proteinase activity leading to reduced activation of the Bt protoxin is a major resistance mechanism in the Dipel-resistant strain. To understand the molecular basis of reduced proteinase activity, three cDNAs, OnT2, OnT23, and OnT25, encoding full-length trypsin-like proteinases, were sequenced in Bt-resistant and -susceptible O. nubilalis larvae. Although a number of nucleotide, differences were found in sequences from the Bt-resistant and -susceptible strains, the differences were not consistent with reduced trypsin-like activity in the Bt-resistant strain. However, the mRNA levels of OnT23 in the resistant strain were 2.7- and 3.8-fold lower than those of the susceptible strain as determined by northern blotting and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Thus, reduced trypsin-like activity may be attributed to reduced expression of OnT23 in Bt-resistant O. nubilalis. Our study provides new insights into Bt resistance management strategies, as resistance mediated by reduced Bt protoxin activation would be ineffective if resistant insects ingest a fully activated form of Cry1Ab toxin, either in spray formulations or transgenic Bt crops. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kzhu@ksu.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 70 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 EI 1879-0240 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 8 BP 847 EP 860 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.03.004 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 939EY UT WOS:000230056400005 PM 15944081 ER PT J AU Pozio, E Pagani, P Marucci, G Zarlenga, DS Hoberg, EP De Meneghi, D La Rosa, G Rossi, L AF Pozio, E Pagani, P Marucci, G Zarlenga, DS Hoberg, EP De Meneghi, D La Rosa, G Rossi, L TI Trichinella britovi etiological agent of sylvatic trichinellosis in the Republic of Guinea (West Africa) and a re-evaluation of geographical distribution for encapsulated species in Africa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichinella britovi; Trichinella T8; Trichinella nelsoni; West Africa; Republic of Guinea; Viverridae; encapsulated species ID GENUS TRICHINELLA; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; SPIRALIS; REGIONS; PSEUDOSPIRALIS; CARNIVORES; SEQUENCES; NELSONI; EGYPT AB In West Africa, Trichinella infection was documented in humans and animals from Senegal in the 1960s, and the biological characters of one isolate showed a lower infectivity to domestic pigs and rodents when compared with that of a Trichinella spiralis pig isolate from Europe. To identify the Trichinella species present in West Africa, a survey was conducted in a total of 160 wild animals in the Republic of Guinea. Three Viverridae, one true civet (Viverra civetta) and two African palm civets (Nandinia binotata) from the Fouta Djallon Massif, Pilimim Subprefecture, were found positive by artificial digestion of muscle samples. Trichinella larvae from these three viverrids were identified as Trichinella britovi and no difference was detected in three examined sequences from these African isolates and the reference strain of T britovi from Europe, indicating common ancestry, an historically continuous geographic distribution, and recent isolation for African and European populations. The detection of T britovi in West Africa modifies our knowledge about the distribution of encapsulated species of Trichinella in Africa. Thus, Trichinella nelsoni is now considered to have a distribution limited to the Eastern part of the Afrotropical region from Kenya to South Africa. This provides a plausible explanation for the presence of Trichinella T8 in Namibia and South Africa, and further suggests that T britovi could be the Trichinella species circulating among wild animals of Northern Africa. (c) 2005 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Vet St Frontiers, F-69361 Lyon, France. Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Turin, Dept Anim Prod Epidemiol & Ecol, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy. RP Pozio, E (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM pozio@iss.it RI MARUCCI, GIANLUCA/O-2289-2015; OI De Meneghi, Daniele/0000-0002-1400-3195 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 9 BP 955 EP 960 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.03.013 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 956XL UT WOS:000231333300003 PM 15964575 ER PT J AU Sreekumar, C Hill, DE Miska, KB Vianna, MCB Yan, L Myers, RL Dubey, JP AF Sreekumar, C Hill, DE Miska, KB Vianna, MCB Yan, L Myers, RL Dubey, JP TI Genotyping and detection of multiple infections of Toxoplasma gondii using Pyrosequencing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; genotyping; SAG2; multiple infection; Pyrosequencing; PCR-RFLP; dideoxy sequencing ID STRAINS; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; HUMANS; BRAZIL; CATS AB A Pyrosequencing (TM) assay, based on SAG2 gene polymorphisms, was designed for genotyping and detection of multiple infections of Toxoplasma gondii. The assay was tested on samples spiked with DNA from single and multiple genotypes of T. gondii and also on a DNA sample from the brain of a rat with multiple infections. To evaluate the comparative efficacy of the assay, identical samples were also analysed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and dideoxy sequencing. The Pyrosequencing assay was found to be superior to the two conventional techniques. Genotyping and detection of multiple alleles were possible after a single PCR assay in duplex format, from both the spiked and direct samples. The simplex PCR assay enabled accurate quantification of the different alleles in the mix. In comparison, PCR-RFLP and dideoxy sequencing were neither able to unequivocally detect multiple genotype infections, nor quantify the relative concentrations of the alleles. We conclude that Pyrosequencing offers a simple, rapid and efficient means for diagnosis and genotyping of T gondii, as well as detection and quantification of multiple genotype infections of T. gondii. (c) 2005 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Biotage Inc, Foxboro, MA 02035 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 9 BP 991 EP 999 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.03.017 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 956XL UT WOS:000231333300007 PM 15990100 ER PT J AU Li, SQ Zhang, HQ Jin, ZT Hsieh, FH AF Li, SQ Zhang, HQ Jin, ZT Hsieh, FH TI Textural modification of soya bean/corn extrudates as affected by moisture content, screw speed and soya bean concentration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn meal; extrusion; moisture content; soya bean flour; texture modification ID STABILITY; SOYBEANS; PROTEIN; LIPIDS; FOODS; FLOUR; RATS AB A Clextral BP-10 (type BC45) co-rotating twin-screw extruder was used for texture modification of extrudates. Dry materials were mixed in a mixer for 15 min at low speed before extrusion. Moisture content 21-23% and addition of soya bean flour (0-40%) showed significant influences on the texture of the extrudates. Addition of soya bean flour in the range from 0 to 40% increased the diametrical expansion ratio (P < 0.01), decreased the hardness (P < 0.01) and modifies specific volume and chewing behaviours of the extrudates. Increasing moisture content in the range from 21 to 23%, however, significantly decreased specific volume (P < 0.01), and increases hardness (P < 0.01) of the extrudates. The hardness and crispness of the extrudates at fracturability of 110 g were graded higher than 6.0 by 30 and 27 of 34 consumer panelists, respectively. Consumer purchase intent showed the highest score of 5.5 in a 9-point hedonic scale when sample fracturability was at 110 g. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Zhang, HQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM hzhang@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 731 EP 741 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.00993.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 947EZ UT WOS:000230627500007 ER PT J AU Schopf, L Luccioli, S Bundoc, V Justice, P Chan, CC Wetzel, BJ Norris, HH Urban, JF Keane-Myers, A AF Schopf, L Luccioli, S Bundoc, V Justice, P Chan, CC Wetzel, BJ Norris, HH Urban, JF Keane-Myers, A TI Differential modulation of allergic eye disease by chronic and acute ascaris infection SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY T-CELLS; ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED UVEITIS; OCULAR TOXOCARIASIS; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; TGF-BETA; REACTIVITY; MICE; SUUM; EOSINOPHIL AB PURPOSE. To assess alterations in allergic ocular responses to nonparasite antigens in an experimental system in which mice were skewed toward a Th2 cytokine profile by helminth infection. METHODS. Mice were inoculated with Ascaris suum ( A. suum) eggs concurrent with ragweed (RW) sensitization (RW/acute) or by repeated inoculation before RW sensitization (RW/ chronic). Control subjects were divided into RW, A. suum, and sham-sensitized groups. Animals were RW-challenged in the eye and examined for changes in ocular responses, inflammatory cell infiltrates, and in vitro assessment of cytokines after antigen restimulation. In subsequent experiments, CD4(+)/ CD25(+) T regulatory and CD4(+)/CD25(-) control T cells were adoptively transferred into mice before ocular challenge. RESULTS. RW sensitization and challenge increased ocular symptoms and eosinophil infiltration into the conjunctiva over PBS control eyes. Acute A. suum infection significantly increased RW-induced clinical symptoms and eosinophil infiltrates in the conjunctiva ( P = 0.0001) and resulted in the development of anterior uveitis. In contrast, RW/ chronic infection provided protection from allergic responses to RW with significantly fewer eosinophils in the eye and reduced eotaxin levels. Transfer of CD4(+)/CD25(+) T cells from RW/ chronic mice into RW/ acute animals also decreased disease intensity, suggesting that T regulatory cells may contribute to protection from allergic eye disease. CONCLUSIONS. The current studies suggest acute parasitic infections exacerbate allergic symptoms, whereas chronic infections offer protection and provide possible explanations for the role of parasitic infection in susceptibility and resistance to nonparasite allergens. C1 Agr Res Serv, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NEI, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Lab Allerg Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Keane-Myers, A (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Allerg Dis, NIH, Twinbrook 2 Room 125,12441 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM akeane@niaid.nih.gov OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 43 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2772 EP 2780 DI 10.1167/iovs.04-0899 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 949AB UT WOS:000230756100020 PM 16043850 ER PT J AU Curlett, E AF Curlett, E TI Questions equations and analysis in milk production study SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID PSEUDORABIES ERADICATION PROGRAM C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Curlett, E (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 227 IS 3 BP 378 EP 378 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 951BA UT WOS:000230902500035 PM 16121600 ER PT J AU Neumann, EJ Kliebenstein, JB Johnson, CD Mabry, JW Bush, EJ Seitzinger, AH Green, AL Zimmerman, JJ AF Neumann, EJ Kliebenstein, JB Johnson, CD Mabry, JW Bush, EJ Seitzinger, AH Green, AL Zimmerman, JJ TI Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome on swine production in the United States SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SYNDROME PRRS VIRUS; LELYSTAD VIRUS; DISEASE; INFECTION; OUTBREAKS; HERDS; FARM AB Objective-To estimate the annual cost of infections attributable to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus to US swine producers. Design-Economic analysis. Sample Population-Data on the health and productivity of PRBS-affected and PRRS-unaffected breeding herds and growing-pig populations were collected from a convenience sample of swine farms in the midwestern United States. Procedure-Health and productivity variables of PBRS-affected and PRRS-unaffected swine farms were analyzed to estimate the impact of PRRS on specific farms. National estimates of PRRS incidence were then used to determine the annual economic impact of PRRS on US swine producers. Results-PRRS affected breeding herds and growing-pig populations as measured by a decrease in reproductive health, an increase in deaths, and reductions in the rate and efficiency of growth. Total annual economic impact of these effects on US swine producers was estimated at $66.75. million in breeding herds and $493.57 million in growing-pig populations. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-PRRS imposes a substantial financial burden on US swine producers and causes approximately $560.32 million in losses each year. By comparison, prior to eradication, annual losses attributable to classical swine fever (hog cholera) and pseudorabies were estimated at $364.09 million and $36.27 million, respectively (adjusted on the basis of year 2004 dollars). Current PRRS control strategies are not predictably successful; thus, PRRS-associated losses will continue into the future. Research to improve our understanding of ecologic and epidemiologic characteristics of the PRRS virus and technologic advances (vaccines and diagnostic tests) to prevent clinical effects are warranted. C1 Natl Pork Board, Off Swine Hlth Informat & Res, Clive, IA 50325 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Product Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Ctr Natl Anim Hlth Surveillance, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Neumann, EJ (reprint author), Natl Pork Board, Off Swine Hlth Informat & Res, 1776 NW 114th St, Clive, IA 50325 USA. NR 38 TC 474 Z9 512 U1 7 U2 63 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 227 IS 3 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.227.385 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 951BA UT WOS:000230902500041 PM 16121604 ER PT J AU Blank, SC Erickson, KW Moss, CB AF Blank, SC Erickson, KW Moss, CB TI Profit patterns across American agriculture SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE convergence; return on assets; "risk of ruin" ID CAPITAL GAINS; CONVERGENCE; RISK; HECKSCHER; INCOME; TRADE AB To remain viable, agriculture in each location must offer returns that are competitive with those from alternative investments and sufficient to cover producers' financial obligations. Economic theory says that rates of return converge over time as resources flow into more-profitable industries-and out of less-profitable industries, causing factor price changes. Both traditional growth and trade theories say factor markets will adjust to equalize commodity returns over time. This study examines spatial relationships in agriculture's profitability over time. Results show temporal and spatial convergence of returns consistent with trade and development theories. However, there are profit patterns unique to state/regional agriculture, raising policy implications. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Agr & Resources Econ Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Farm Sector Performance & Well Being Branch, Washington, DC USA. Univ Florida, Food & Resource Econ Dept, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Blank, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Agr & Resources Econ Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Moss, Charles/0000-0002-1172-7112 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 205 EP 230 PG 26 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 967YE UT WOS:000232126400004 ER PT J AU Johnson, D Lin, W AF Johnson, D Lin, W TI The economics of testing for biotech grain: Application to StarLink corn SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE biotechnology; grain marketing; quality risk; StarLink; testing AB StarLink corn, a variety not approved for human use, disrupted the marketing system in 2000 because of inadvertent commingling. This paper provides an overview of the economics of testing grain for biotech content. What are the risks facing buyers and sellers, and how are these influenced by testing protocols? How do market premiums and discounts, testing costs, and prior beliefs affect the incentives to test? A conceptual model is developed in which sellers choose whether to pre-test grain prior to shipment. Through simulation analysis, we illustrate the impact of market premiums and other variables on testing incentives and buyer risk. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Market & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Johnson, D (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Market & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 268 EP 284 PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 967YE UT WOS:000232126400007 ER PT J AU Oueslati, O Ben-Hammouda, M Ghorbal, MH Guezzah, M Kremer, RJ AF Oueslati, O Ben-Hammouda, M Ghorbal, MH Guezzah, M Kremer, RJ TI Barley autotoxicity as influenced by varietal and seasonal variation SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; autotoxicity; barley variety; growing season; plant extracts; seedling bioassays ID WINTER-WHEAT; WATER-STRESS; COVER CROPS; EXTRACTS; GROWTH; CORN; ALLELOCHEMICALS; PHYTOTOXICITY; RESIDUES; IDENTIFICATION AB Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is widely cultivated in the semi-arid region of Tunisia for grain production and grazing, which often occurs during the same season. We previously demonstrated autotoxic effects of barley among varieties. The present study was conducted to test the effects of barley variety and seasonal variation on the expression of autotoxicity by barley. Four barley varieties were grown in a field experiment over three growing seasons (1999-2000, 2000-01, 2001-02). In the laboratory, germination and seedling growth bioassays were used to assess autotoxicity potential of field-harvested barley. Barley autotoxicity was fully expressed based on inhibition of radicle growth detected in seedling bioassays. Stems were often the most allelopathic plant component. Allelopathic activity of the barley varieties differed across growing seasons suggesting the influence of a seasonal effect due to the extent of water deficit during the dry season and monthly rainfall variability. The results suggest that when planning to integrate barley within cropping sequences, barley producers should carefully select appropriate barley varieties to minimize autotoxicity, which can be more severe under drought conditions. C1 Ecole Super Agr Kef, Lab Physiol Prod Vegetale, Kef, Tunisia. Fac Sci Tunis, Tunis 1060, Tunisia. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM KremerR@missouri.edu NR 27 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 191 IS 4 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2005.00156.x PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 948PK UT WOS:000230728000002 ER PT J AU Guzik, AC Pettitt, MJ Beltranena, E Southern, LL Kerr, BJ AF Guzik, AC Pettitt, MJ Beltranena, E Southern, LL Kerr, BJ TI Threonine and tryptophan ratios fed to nursery pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACIDS; DIGESTIBLE TRYPTOPHAN; FINISHING PIGS; GROWING-PIGS; WEIGHING 5; 15 KG; REQUIREMENT; CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHIONINE; DIETS AB The optimal ratio of tryptophan (Trp):lysine (Lys) relative to the ratio of threonine (Thr):Lys was studied in 288 crossbred (Cambrough 15 x Canabrid) nursery pigs from 7.1 to 15.6 kg BW. Treatments were arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial with three calculated ratios of true digestible Thr:Lys (0.55, 0.60, or 0.65) in combination with three Trp:Lys ratios (0.145, 0.170, or 0.195). Treatments were replicated with eight pens of four pigs each. The experiment lasted 28 day with Phase II (222.6 g CP and 11.9 g true digestible Lys/kg diet, initially 24 day of age and 7.1 kg BW) and Phase III (196.2 g CP and 10.1 kg true digestible Lys/kg diet, initially 38 day of age and 9.8 kg BW) diets each fed for 14 day. Threonine by Trp interactions were observed for average daily gain during each period, and for daily feed intake during Phase III and overall. Generally, Trp addition linearly increased gain and feed intake at a Thr:Lys ratio of 0.60 and 0.65 but not at a Thr:Lys ratio of 0.55. Gain:feed was increased linearly with increasing levels of Trp during both periods. There were no main effects of Thr in either time period or overall. Overall, optimal performance was obtained in pigs fed the true digestible Trp:Lys ratio of 0.195 at Thr:Lys ratios 0.60 or 0.65. These results indicate that Trp:Lys ratios above 0.195 may be needed to maximize performance in diets containing wheat and barley. C1 ARS, USDA, MWA, SOMMRU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Prairie Swine Ctr Inc, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, MWA, SOMMRU, 2150 Pammel Dr,2167 NSRIC, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kerr@nsric.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2439 J9 J ANIM PHYSIOL AN N JI J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 89 IS 7-8 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00529.x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 938MD UT WOS:000230006600008 PM 15972080 ER PT J AU Cushman, RA Allan, MF Snowder, GD Thallman, RM Echternkamp, SE AF Cushman, RA Allan, MF Snowder, GD Thallman, RM Echternkamp, SE TI Evaluation of ovulation rate and ovarian phenotype in puberal heifers from a cattle population selected for increased ovulation rate SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; corpus luteum; fertility; reproductive efficiency ID TWINNING RATE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; EMBRYONIC SURVIVAL; FOLLICULAR-FLUID; BEEF-COWS; PREGNANCY; FOLLICLES; DYSTOCIA; HORMONES; TRAITS AB Long-term selection for increased ovulation rate (1984 to 2002) has resulted in a unique ovarian phenotype in the MARC Twinner cattle population. Ovulation rate and frequency of bilateral ovulations were examined by rectal palpation in 29,547 estrous cycles for 3,910 heifers (12 to 18 mo of age) in this population. Bilateral ovulations (one corpus lutuem [CL] on each ovary) were of interest because bilateral twin pregnancies result in decreased dystocia and increased calf survival. Ovulation rate increased linearly at a rate of 0.026 CL per year, and it currently averages 1.48 +/- 0.04 CL per estrous cycle. Concurrent with the increase in ovulation rate, the frequency of triplet ovulations increased from 0% to 2.3 +/- 0.8% (P < 0.001). Ovulation rate of both the right and left ovary increased equally at a rate of 0.013 CL per year, and mean ovulation rate of the right ovary remained greater than mean ovulation rate of the left ovary throughout the study (0.66 vs. 0.55 +/- 0.003 CL per estrous cycle; P < 0.001). Although correlations were low, ovulation rate of one ovary was negatively correlated (P < 0.001; r = -0.07) with ovulation rate of the same ovary in the previous estrous cycle, but positively correlated (P < 0.001; r = 0.13) with the contralateral ovary of the previous estrous cycle. The proportion of bilateral ovulations averaged 55.7 +/- 0.7%, a value greater than the predicted 49.5% (P < 0.001). In addition to dystocia and retained placenta, triplet pregnancies increase the incidence of pregnancies gestating fetuses of opposite sexes and subsequent incidence of freemartins; thus, selection pressure on ovulation rate may need to be adjusted in the MARC Twinner population. The proportion of bilateral ovulations in the population is greater than expected, and this may be an economically important trait, which will respond to selection and be beneficial for improving bovine reproductive efficiency. Understanding factors controlling the increased functional activity of the right ovary and bilateral ovulations may provide further insights into the mechanisms controlling follicle selection and methods to improve reproductive management of cattle. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Cushman, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM cushman@email.marc.usda.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1839 EP 1844 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OX UT WOS:000235847700010 PM 16024702 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Freking, BA Leymaster, KA Christenson, RK AF Vallet, JL Freking, BA Leymaster, KA Christenson, RK TI Allelic variation in the secreted folate binding protein gene is associated with uterine capacity in swine SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE embryo; erythropoiesis; fetus; folate; pregnancy; swine ID LITTER SIZE; FETAL ERYTHROPOIESIS; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; OVULATION RATE; RECEPTOR; PIGS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; MODEL; BREED AB Previous comparisons between the cDNA and gene sequences for secreted folate binding protein (sFBP) indicated a 12-bp insertion/deletion (ins/del) polymorphism in exon I and a SNP that altered (Ser-Arg) the protein AA sequence. The effect of the Ser-Arg SNP on reproductive traits was examined in three groups of Meishan-White European breed crossbred gilts. The gilts for all three groups were unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized (UHO) at 100 d of age. Group 1 gilts (n = 77) were mated at estrus, slaughtered at d 105 of pregnancy, and a blood sample was collected from each fetus to determine fetal hematocrit. The number of corpora lutea and fetuses and the fetal and placental weights were recorded. Group 2 gilts (n = 46) were mated, the remaining uterine horn was flushed with 20 mL of saline on d 11 of pregnancy, conceptuses were counted, and flushings were measured for total sFBP. Gilts were allowed an estrous cycle to recover, mated again at estrus, slaughtered at 105 d of gestation, and the data as described for Group 1 were collected. Groups 1 and 2 gilts were genotyped for the Ser-Arg SNP. In Group 3, gilts (n = 70) and boars (n = 30) were genotyped for the Ser-Arg SNP before mating, and like genotypes were mated. Gilts were then treated as described for Group 2. The effect of the 12-bp ins/del on reproductive traits was examined in 407 white crossbred UHO gilts from a randomly selected control line and from lines selected for ovulation rate (OR) and uterine capacity (UC). Gilts were mated and slaughtered at 105 d of age, and the numbers of corpora lutea and live fetuses, and fetal and placental weights and fetal hematocrits were recorded. The 12bp ins/del also was evaluated in 131 intact gilts from the OR selected line. These gilts were mated at approximately 250 d of age and farrowed. The numbers of fully formed and live piglets were recorded. A significant effect (P < 0.05) of the Ser-Arg SNP was detected on the number of embryos present on d 11 of pregnancy and on UC. The sFBP 12-bp ins/del was associated with UC (P < 0.01) and the number of CL (P < 0.05) in UHO gilts, but not with litter size in intact gilts from the OR line. Results suggest that the 12-bp ins/del polymorphism could be exploited to increase litter size in swine, provided that the negative effect of the polymorphism on OR is overcome. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM vallet@email.marc.usda.gov RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1860 EP 1867 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OX UT WOS:000235847700013 PM 16024705 ER PT J AU Piva, A Casadei, G Pagliuca, G Cabassi, E Galvano, F Solfrizzo, M Riley, RT Diaz, DE AF Piva, A Casadei, G Pagliuca, G Cabassi, E Galvano, F Solfrizzo, M Riley, RT Diaz, DE TI Activated carbon does not prevent the toxicity of culture material containing fumonisin B-1 when fed to weanling piglets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fumonisin B-1; mycotoxins; sequestering agents; swine; toxicity ID PULMONARY-EDEMA; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; CORN SCREENINGS; DOSED SWINE; IN-VITRO; PIGS; B1; MYCOTOXINS AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins found primarily in corn and corn products that are produced by Fusarium verticillioldes, F. proliferatum, and several other Fusarium species. The toxicity of fumonisin B-1 (FB) from culture material with and without activated carbon was evaluated using weanling piglets. Fifty-six weanling pigs were assigned to one of four treatments diets based on BW. The treatment diets were 1) control = corn-soybean basal diet with < 2 ppm FB; 2) AC = control + activated carbon at 1% of the diet, as fed; 3) FB = control + culture material (formulated to contain 30 ppm FB, as-fed basis); and 4) AC + FB = control + activated carbon at 1% of the diet as fed + culture material (formulated to contain 30 ppm FB). A total of four replicates of four pigs per pen for the control and AC treatments and three piglets per pen for the FB and AC + FB treatments were used. Feed and water were offered ad libitum for the duration of the 42-d experiment. Compared with pigs fed the control or AC diets, pigs receiving the two FB-contaminated diets (FB or AC + FB) had lower G:F (P < 0.01), higher serum enzyme activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (P < 0.05), and higher concentrations of cholesterol, free sphinganine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and sphinganine 1-phosphate (P < 0.05). Although animals consuming FB diets showed no signs of respiratory distress, all. pigs consuming either the FB or the AC + FB diets had marked pulmonary edema. Lesions were observed in the lungs, heart, and liver of pigs fed the FB or AC + FB diets, and treatment-associated changes also were seen in the pancreas, intestines, spleen, and lymph nodes. No lesions were observed in the brain. In liver, lung, heart, pancreas, spleen, intestines, and lymph nodes, the histopathological effects observed were more severe in the AC + FB group, suggesting that the AC treatment worsened the toxic effects of FB. Additionally, immunological measurements of macrophage function (CD14) were affected (P < 0.05) by the consumption of the FB diets. The consumption of FB diets containing 30 ppm fumonisin B, from cultured material significantly affected performance, biochemical measurements, and organ pathology in weanling pigs. The addition of activated carbon at the rate of 1% to the diet was not effective in protecting against the detrimental effects of fumonisin consumption. C1 Univ Bologna, DIMORFIPA, Bologna, Italy. Univ Parma, I-43100 Parma, Italy. Univ Mediterranea Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy. CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod, Bari, Italy. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr SAA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Fdn Parco Tecnol Padano, Lodi, Italy. RP Diaz, DE (reprint author), POB 1585, Trujillo Alto, PR 00977 USA. EM duarte@mycotoxin.net RI Galvano, Fabio/F-8122-2010; Pagliuca, Giampiero/B-3832-2013; OI Pagliuca, Giampiero/0000-0002-5882-7807; Galvano, Fabio/0000-0003-0644-0755 NR 47 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1939 EP 1947 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OX UT WOS:000235847700023 PM 16024715 ER PT J AU Morrow, JL Mitloehner, FM Johnson, AK Galyean, ML Dailey, JW Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Genovese, KJ Poole, TL Duke, SE Callaway, TR AF Morrow, JL Mitloehner, FM Johnson, AK Galyean, ML Dailey, JW Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Genovese, KJ Poole, TL Duke, SE Callaway, TR TI Effect of water sprinkling on incidence of zoonotic pathogens in feedlot cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE food safety; sprinkling; zoonotic pathogens ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SALMONELLA SEROTYPES; CARCASS TRAITS; BEEF; BEHAVIOR; FECES; PERFORMANCE; ENVIRONMENT; MANAGEMENT; PHYSIOLOGY AB Heat stress and dusty conditions are common challenges for cattle during the summer, and a typical method of alleviating these problems involves sprinkling cattle and pens with water. The effect of sprinkling water on the incidence of zoonotic pathogens has not been previously studied. Four pens of heifers (n = 41) were cooled using sprinklers, and four pens (n = 43) served as controls. Heifers were crossbred Charolais, with white and red hair coats. Sprinkling was initiated when cattle were on full concentrate feed (July). Fecal samples, hide swipes, and BW were collected on d 0, 28, 63, 95, and 98. Average daily gain, DMI, and GY were calculated, and carcass traits were collected 36 h after processing. Performance data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design, and zoonotic pathogen data were analyzed using chi(2) analysis. Sprinkling tended (P = 0.054) to increase the incidence of fecal Salmonella spp. populations on d 98, but simultaneously tended to decrease (P = 0.058) the Escherichia coli O157:H7 incidence on hides on d 98. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars in this study were Kentucky, Muenster, Meleagridis, and Cerro. Performance measures and carcass traits did not differ between treatments (P > 0.10). Under our conditions, sprinkling cattle with water did not affect the incidence of zoonotic pathogens in feces or on hides. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 29 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1959 EP 1966 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OX UT WOS:000235847700025 PM 16024717 ER PT J AU Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Remmenga, MD AF Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Remmenga, MD TI Effects of gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, alpha-copaene, and alpha-terpinene on consumption of alfalfa pellets by sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diet selection; herbivory; intake; sheep; terpenes ID FLOURENSIA-CERNUA; LIVESTOCK HERBIVORY; DEER PREFERENCE; TARBUSH; TERPENES; INGESTION; JUNIPER; LAMBS; FOODS AB Although plant secondary chemistry influences shrub consumption by free-ranging ruminants, the effects of many specific compounds on. herbivores have not been examined. We conducted four experiments to examine effects of individual terpenes on alfalfa pellet intake by lambs. Forty-five lambs were individually fed alfalfa pellets sprayed with gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, alpha-copaene, or alpha-terpinene at one of five concentrations in an ethanol carrier. Treatments (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 10x) were multiples of the concentration (x) of a specific terpene on the leaf surface of Flourensia cernua (a low-preference shrub for domestic ruminants). Terpenes were applied to alfalfa pellets (0.64 kg(.)lamb(-1.)d(-1), DM basis), and consumption was measured during a 20-min interval for 5 d. A day effect was detected for gamma-terpinene on intake (P < 0.001 for both linear and quadratic contrasts). No effect of terpinolene, alpha-copaene, or alpha-terpinene on intake was detected in this study. None of the terpenes tested was strongly related to intake of alfalfa pellets by lambs under the conditions of this study. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Ctr Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM restell@nmsu.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1967 EP 1971 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OX UT WOS:000235847700026 PM 16024718 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Truex, RL Schlexer, FV Campbell, LA Carroll, C AF Zielinski, WJ Truex, RL Schlexer, FV Campbell, LA Carroll, C TI Historical and contemporary distributions of carnivores in forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE American marten; California; conservation; distributions; fisher; forest carnivores; geographic range; mammalian carnivores ID LANDSCAPE PATTERN; HABITAT SELECTION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; AMERICAN MARTEN; EXTINCTION RISK; RED FOX; CONSERVATION; FISHER; IDENTIFICATION; FRAGMENTATION AB Aim Mammalian carnivores are considered particularly sensitive indicators of environmental change. Information on the distribution of carnivores from the early 1900s provides a unique opportunity to evaluate changes in their distributions over a 75-year period during which the influence of human uses of forest resources in California greatly increased. We present information on the distributions of forest carnivores in the context of two of the most significant changes in the Sierra Nevada during this period: the expansion of human settlement and the reduction in mature forests by timber harvest. Methods We compare the historical and contemporary distributions of 10 taxa of mesocarnivores in the conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Range by contrasting the distribution of museum and fur harvest records from the early 1900s with the distribution of detections from baited track-plate and camera surveys conducted from 1996 to 2002. A total of 344 sample units (6 track plates and 1 camera each) were distributed systematically across c. 3,000,000 ha area over a 7-year period. Results Two species, the wolverine (Gulo gulo) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), present in the historical record for our survey area, were not detected during the contemporary surveys. The distributions of 3 species (fisher [Martespennanti], American marten [M. americana], and Virginia opossum [Didelphisvirginiana]) have substantially changed since the early 1900s. The distributions of fishers and martens, mature-forest specialists, appeared to have decreased in the northern Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade region. A reputed gap in the current distribution of fishers was confirmed. We report for the first time evidence that the distribution of martens has become fragmented in the southern Cascades and northern Sierra Nevada. The opossum, an introduced marsupial, expanded its distribution in the Sierra Nevada significantly since it was introduced to the south-central coast region of California in the 1930s. There did not appear to be any changes in the distributions of the species that were considered habitat generalists: gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis), or black bear (Ursus americanus). Detections of raccoons (Procyon lotor) and badgers (Taxidea taxus) were too rare to evaluate. Contemporary surveys indicated that weasels (M. frenata and M. erminea) were distributed throughout the study area, but historical data were not available for comparison. Main conclusions Two species, the wolverine and Sierra Nevada red fox, were not detected in contemporary surveys and may be extirpated or in extremely low densities in the regions sampled. The distributions of the mature forest specialists (marten and fisher) appear to have changed more than the distributions of the forest generalists. This is most likely due to a combination of loss of mature forest habitat, residential development and the latent effects of commercial trapping. Biological characteristics of individual species, in combination with the effect of human activities, appear to have combined to affect the current distributions of carnivores in the Sierra Nevada. Periodic resampling of the distributions of carnivores in California, via remote detection methods, is an efficient means for monitoring the status of their populations. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Reg, USDA, Porterville, CA USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA USA. Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bzielinski@fs.fed.us NR 75 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 9 U2 80 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1385 EP 1407 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01234.x PG 23 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 948OX UT WOS:000230726700010 ER PT J AU Gorsich, SW Slininger, PJ Liu, ZL AF Gorsich, SW Slininger, PJ Liu, ZL TI Physiological responses to furfural and HMF and the link to other stress pathways SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th European Congress on Biotechnology (ECB 12) CY AUG 21-24, 2005 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gorsichs@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 118 SU 1 BP S91 EP S91 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 954ZV UT WOS:000231195200311 ER PT J AU Castells, E Berhow, MA Vaughn, SF Berenbaum, MR AF Castells, E Berhow, MA Vaughn, SF Berenbaum, MR TI Geographic variation in alkaloid production in Conium maculatum populations experiencing differential herbivory by Agonopterix alstroemeriana SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect-plant interactions; Conium maculatum; Agonopterix alstroemeriana; chemical defenses; alkaloids; gamma-coniceine; coniine; conhydrinone; evolution; herbivory ID INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; EAST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS; INVASIVE PLANT; POISON HEMLOCK; INTRODUCED POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; RESISTANCE; CHEMISTRY; INSECTS AB Conium maculatum, a Eurasian weed naturalized in North America, contains high concentrations of piperidine alkaloids that act as chemical defenses against herbivores. C. maculatum was largely free from herbivory in the United States, until approximately 30 yr ago, when it was reassociated via accidental introduction with a monophagous European herbivore, the oecophorid caterpillar Agonopterix alstroemeriana. At present, A. alstroemeriana is found in a continuum of reassociation time and intensities with C. maculatum across the continent; in the Pacific Northwest, A. alstroemeriana can cause severe damage, resulting in some cases in complete defoliation. Studies in biological control and invasion biology have yet to determine whether plants reassociated with a significant herbivore from the area of indigeneity increase their chemical defense investment in areas of introduction. In this study, we compared three locations in the United States (New York, Washington, and Illinois) where C. maculatum experiences different levels of herbivory by A. alstroemeriana to determine the association between the intensity of the interaction, as measured by damage, and chemical defense production. Total alkaloid production in C. maculatum was positively correlated with A. alstroemeriana herbivory levels: plants from New York and Washington, with higher herbivory levels, invested two and four times more N to alkaloid synthesis than did plants from Illinois. Individual plants with lower concentrations of alkaloids from a single location in Illinois experienced more damage by A. alstroemeriana, indicative of a preference on the part of the insect for plants with less chemical defense. These results suggest that A. alstroemeriana may act either as a selective agent or inducing agent for C. maculatum and increase its toxicity in its introduced range. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61601 USA. RP Castells, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 320 Morrill Hall,505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM castells@life.uiuc.edu RI Castells, Eva/M-1111-2014 OI Castells, Eva/0000-0001-7423-2742 NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1693 EP 1709 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-5921-x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946IP UT WOS:000230565900003 PM 16222803 ER PT J AU Drijfhout, FP Kochansky, J Lin, S Calderone, NW AF Drijfhout, FP Kochansky, J Lin, S Calderone, NW TI Components of honeybee royal jelly as deterrents of the parasitic Varroa mite, Varroa destructor SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE honey bee; host location; royal jelly; parasitic mite; deterrent; Apis mellifera; Varroa destructor ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; JACOBSONI OUD; BROOD CELLS; DRONE LARVAE; QUEEN BROOD; BEE; WORKER; APIDAE; INFESTATION; ESTERS AB The parasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman reproduces on the immature stage of the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. Mites are found more often on drone brood than worker brood and only infrequently on queen brood. We investigated the chemical basis for the low incidence of mites on queen brood. V. destructor mites were deterred by a crude extract of royal jelly, a glandular secretion produced by nurse bees and fed to queen larvae. Bioassay-driven fractionation of the crude extract via column chromatography resulted in one active fraction that was as active as the crude extract. Compounds in the active fraction were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Before injection, compounds were esterified with MeOH/sulfuric acid, followed by silylation of any hydroxyl groups present. The active fraction contained at least 22 compounds, all fatty acids, several of which contained an additional hydroxyl group on the alkyl chain. Synthesis of some of these compounds that are not commercially available is described. A synthetic mixture containing most of the compounds in the active fraction was as active as the active fraction in the bioassay. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Keele, Sch Chem & Phys, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Drijfhout, FP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM f.drijfhout@chem.keele.ac.uk NR 41 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1747 EP 1764 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-5925-6 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946IP UT WOS:000230565900006 PM 16222806 ER PT J AU Soroka, JJ Bartelt, RJ Zilkowski, BW Cosse, AA AF Soroka, JJ Bartelt, RJ Zilkowski, BW Cosse, AA TI Responses of flea beetle Phyllotreta cruciferae to synthetic aggregation pheromone components and host plant volatiles in field trials SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phyllotreta cruciferae; crucifer-feeding flea beetle; aggregation pheromone; Chrysomelidae; Alticinae; field trials; kairomone ID CHRYSOMELIDAE ATTACKING RAPE; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; MUSTARD OILS; SESQUITERPENES; APHTHONA; CROPS; STEREOCHEMISTRY; BEHAVIOR AB Male-specific compounds, previously identified from Phyllotreta cruciferae and synthesized or isolated from natural sources, attracted both sexes of the beetle in field trials and therefore function as components of a male-produced aggregation pheromone. Six field experiments of 7 to 10 d duration each were conducted over 2 yr using modified boll weevil traps and two doses of pheromone. Treatments containing two doses of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a breakdown product of glucosinolates in Brassica napus L., a host plant of the beetles, were included in the study. A dose response was observed for both the pheromone components and AITC, and combinations of the pheromone and AITC generally attracted greater numbers of flea beetles than did either component itself. This increased attraction to a combination of beetle-produced compounds and host odors has not been previously demonstrated in halticine beetles and could help explain patterns of movement by P. cruciferae into field crops. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Soroka, JJ (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon Res Ctr, 107 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada. EM sorokaj@agr.gc.ca NR 30 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1829 EP 1843 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-5929-2 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946IP UT WOS:000230565900010 PM 16222810 ER PT J AU Rice, CP Park, YB Adam, F Abdul-Baki, AA Teasdale, JR AF Rice, CP Park, YB Adam, F Abdul-Baki, AA Teasdale, JR TI Hydroxamic acid content and toxicity of rye at selected growth stages SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIBOA glucose; (2R)-2-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one; DIBOA; 2,4-dihydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one; BOA; benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one; DIMBOA glucose; (2R)-2-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin- 3(4H)-one; DIMBOA; 2,4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one; MBOA; 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one ID SECALE-CEREALE L; GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BENZOXAZINONE DERIVATIVES; AQUEOUS EXTRACTS; SOIL-MOISTURE; MAIZE; PLANTS; WEED; GLUCOSIDE AB Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important cover crop that provides many benefits to cropping systems including weed and pest suppression resulting from allelopathic substances. Hydroxamic acids have been identified as allelopathic compounds in rye. This research was conducted to improve the methodology for quantifying hydroxamic acids and to determine the relationship between hydroxamic acid content and phytotoxicity of extracts of rye root and shoot tissue harvested at selected growth stages. Detection limits for an LC/MS-MS method for analysis of hydroxamic acids from crude aqueous extracts were better than have been reported previously. (2R)-2-beta-D- Glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIBOA-G), 2,4-dihydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIBOA), benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA), and the methoxy-substituted form of these compounds, (2R)-2-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4- hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA glucose), 2,4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), and 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (MBOA), were all detected in rye tissue. DIBOA and BOA were prevalent in shoot tissue, whereas the methoxy-substituted compounds, DIMBOA glucose and MBOA, were prevalent in root tissue. Total hydroxamic acid concentration in rye tissue generally declined with age. Aqueous crude extracts of rye shoot tissue were more toxic than extracts of root tissue to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) root length. Extracts of rye seedlings (Feekes growth stage 2) were most phytotoxic, but there was no pattern to the phytotoxicity of extracts of rye sampled at growth stages 4 to 10.5.4, and no correlation of hydroxamic acid content and phytotoxicity (I-50 values). Analysis of dose-response model slope coefficients indicated a lack of parallelism among models for rye extracts from different growth stages, suggesting that phytotoxicity may be attributed to compounds with different modes of action at different stages. Hydroxamic acids may account for the phytoxicity of extracts derived from rye at early growth stages, but other compounds are probably responsible in later growth stages. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cheju Natl Univ, Coll Agr, Fac Hort Life Sci, Cheju, South Korea. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1887 EP 1905 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-5933-6 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946IP UT WOS:000230565900014 PM 16222814 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Furcolow, C Hurley, JC Johnston, JJ AF Stahl, RS Furcolow, C Hurley, JC Johnston, JJ TI Characterizing 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride on rough-hulled rice and ethyl-cellulose-coated rice baits using high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AVICIDE 3-CHLORO-P-TOLUIDINE; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Stahl, RS (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM randal.s.stahl@aphis.usda.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 367 EP 371 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 955DZ UT WOS:000231206800009 PM 16176650 ER PT J AU Lamon-Fava, S Barnett, JB Woods, MN McCormack, C McNamara, JR Schaefer, EJ Longcope, C Rosner, B Gorbach, SL AF Lamon-Fava, S Barnett, JB Woods, MN McCormack, C McNamara, JR Schaefer, EJ Longcope, C Rosner, B Gorbach, SL TI Differences in serum sex hormone and plasma lipid levels in Caucasian and African-American premenopausal women SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; YOUNG-ADULTS; OBESITY; MEN; ESTROGEN AB Context: Risk of coronary heart disease is higher in African-American than in Caucasian women. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of sex hormone levels, race, and measures of body fat to the variation in plasma lipid levels, a well-established risk factor for coronary heart disease. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was conducted in the general community. Study Participants: Sixty Caucasian and 117 African-American premenopausal women participated. Main Outcome Measures: Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist to hip circumference ratio (WHR), as well as plasma lipid and serum sex hormone levels, were assessed. Results: Relative to Caucasian women, African-American women had significantly higher mean BMI (23.92 +/- 3.87 vs. 26.99 +/- 5.87 kg/m(2), respectively; P < 0.001), and WHR (0.733 +/- 0.052 vs. 0.757 +/- 0.068; P < 0.03). Also, plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly lower in African-American women (81 +/- 61 vs. 55 +/- 24 mg/dl; P < 0.0001). Serum estrone sulfate (556 +/- 323 vs. 442 +/- 332 pg/ml, Caucasian vs. African-American; P < 0.001), estradiol (E(2)) (55.1 +/- 43.6 vs. 35.8 +/- 17.7 pg/ml; P < 0.0001), androstenedione (2.6 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.7 ng/ml; P < 0.0001), and testosterone (0.36 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.19 ng/ml; P < 0.002) levels were significantly lower in African-American women than in Caucasian women. After correction for the effects of age, BMI, and WHR, serum E2 levels were significantly and positively associated with plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in all women, and serum estrone sulfate levels with plasma total cholesterol and TG levels in African-American women. Conclusions: Our results indicate that race is an important determinant of plasma TG and serum sex hormone levels, even after adjustment for differences in body size. A significant association between endogenous E(2) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels exists in premenopausal women, independent of their race. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging,Gerald J & Dorothy R Fri, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lamon-Fava, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging,Gerald J & Dorothy R Fri, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM stefania.lamon-fava@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R37CA45128-0952]; NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR00054]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL03209] NR 39 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 90 IS 8 BP 4516 EP 4520 DI 10.1210/jc.2004-1897 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 953HZ UT WOS:000231068500014 PM 15886254 ER PT J AU Ueti, MW Palmer, GH Kappmeyer, LS Statdfield, M Scoles, GA Knowles, DP AF Ueti, MW Palmer, GH Kappmeyer, LS Statdfield, M Scoles, GA Knowles, DP TI Ability of the vector tick Boophilus microplus to acquire and transmit Babesia equi following feeding on chronically infected horses with low-level parasitemia SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGENIC VARIATION; PROTEIN EPITOPE; SURFACE PROTEIN; SALIVARY-GLAND; MICROTI; ANTIBODY; BOVIS; SPOROGONY; LAVERAN; CELLS AB The protozoan parasite Babesia equi replicates within erythrocytes. During the acute phase of infection, B. equi can reach high levels of parasitemia, resulting in a hemolytic crisis. Horses that recover from the acute phase of the disease remain chronically infected. Subsequent transmission is dependent upon the ability of vector ticks to acquire B. equi and, following development and replication, establishment of B. equi in the salivary glands. Although restriction of the movement of chronically infected horses with B. equi is based on the presumption that ticks can acquire and transmit the parasite at low levels of long-term infection, parasitemia levels during the chronic phase of infection have never been quantified, nor has transmission been demonstrated. To address these epidemiologically significant questions, we established long-term B. equi infections (> 1 year), measured parasitemia levels over time, and tested whether nymphal Boophilus microplus ticks could acquire and, after molting to the adult stage, transmit B. equi to naive horses. B. equi levels during the chronic phase of infection ranged from 10(3.3) to 10(6.0)/ml of blood, with fluctuation over time within individual horses. B. microplus ticks fed on chronically infected horses with mean parasite levels of 10(5.5) +/- 10(0.48)/ml of blood acquired B. equi, with detection of B. equi in the salivary glands of 7 to 50% of fed ticks, a range encompassing the percentage of positive ticks that had been identically fed on a horse in the acute phase of infection with high parasitemia levels. Ticks that acquired B. equi from chronically infected horses, as well as those fed during the acute phase of infection, successfully transmitted the parasite to naive horses. The results unequivocally demonstrated that chronically infected horses with low-level parasitemia are competent mammalian reservoirs for tick transmission of B. equi. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ueti, MW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM massaro@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 3755 EP 3759 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.8.3755-3759.2005 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 954EL UT WOS:000231136800023 PM 16081906 ER PT J AU Holman, PJ Spencer, AM Droleskey, RE Goethert, HK Telford, SR AF Holman, PJ Spencer, AM Droleskey, RE Goethert, HK Telford, SR TI In vitro cultivation of a zoonotic Babesia sp isolated from eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RANGIFER-TARANDUS-TARANDUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INVITRO CULTIVATION; DIVERGENS; IDENTIFICATION; CANADENSIS; CULTURE; OVIS AB A Babesia sp. found in eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, is the same organism that caused human babesiosis in Missouri and Kentucky, on the basis of morphology and identical small-subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences. Continuous cultures of the rabbit parasite were established from infected blood samples collected from two cottontail rabbits livetrapped on Nantucket Island. HL-1 medium or minimal essential medium alpha medium supplemented with 20% human serum best supported in vitro propagation of the parasite in human or cottontail erythrocytes, respectively. Parasite growth was not sustained in domestic-rabbit erythrocytes or in medium supplemented with domestic-rabbit serum. The cultured parasites were morphologically indistinguishable from the Kentucky human isolate. Transmission electron microscopy revealed similar fine structures of the parasite regardless of the host erythrocyte utilized in the cultures. Two continuous lines of the zoonotic Babesia sp. were established and confirmed to share identical SSU rRNA gene sequences with each other and with the Missouri and Kentucky human Babesia isolates. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Div Infect Dis, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. RP Holman, PJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pholman@cvm.tamu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R03 AI054799-02, R03 AI054799, R03 AI54799-02] NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 3995 EP 4001 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.8.3995-4001.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 954EL UT WOS:000231136800058 PM 16081941 ER PT J AU Foote, MR Nonnecke, BJ Fowler, MA Miller, BL Beitz, DC Waters, WR AF Foote, MR Nonnecke, BJ Fowler, MA Miller, BL Beitz, DC Waters, WR TI Effects of age and nutrition on expression of CD25, CD44, and L-selectin (CD62L) on T-cells from neonatal calves SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calf; immune function; nutrition ID BOVINE MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LYMPHOCYTE ADHESION; CALMETTE-GUERIN; MILK REPLACER; PLASMA LEPTIN; DIETARY-FAT; PROTEIN; CATTLE AB Effects of the plane of nutrition and age on the proliferation and activation of lymphocyte subsets from milk replacer-fed calves were investigated in vitro. Holstein calves were fed a standard (0.45 kg/d of a 20% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer, n = 4) or intensified (1.14 kg/d of a 28% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer, n = 4) diet from 1 to 8 wk of age. Average daily weight gain of intensified-diet (0.66 kg/d) calves was greater than that of standard-diet (0.27 kg/d) calves. Relative to the pokeweed mitogen-induced responses of CD4(+) cells from steers ( 5 to 6 mo of age), CD4(+) cells from 1-wk-old calves showed decreased proliferative activity, delayed increase in CD25 expression, and no demonstrable increase in CD44 expression or decrease in CD62L expression. Calf CD8(+) and gamma delta T-cell receptor(+) cells, unlike T-cells from the older animals, did not demonstrate decreased expression of CD62L after stimulation with mitogen. The increased expression of CD44 by mitogen-stimulated gamma delta T-cell receptor+ cells from older animals was not seen in gamma delta T-cell receptor(+) cells from 1-wk-old calves. At wk 8 of age, mitogen-induced proliferation and expression of activation antigens by T-cells from standard-fed calves were similar to responses of T-cells from steers indicating rapid maturation of T-cell function during the neonatal period. Feeding calves an intensified milk replacer was associated with decreased proliferation of mitogen-stimulated CD4(+), CD8(+), and gamma delta T-cell receptor(+) cells; decreased CD25 expression by mitogen-stimulated CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells; and decreased CD44 expression by mitogen-stimulated CD8(+) cells. These results indicate that the functional capacity of the calf's T-cell population becomes more adult-like during the first weeks of life and suggest that nutrition modulates T-cell function during this period of immune maturation. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Nutr Physiol Grp, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Land O Lakes Inc, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. Land O Lakes Inc, Webster City, IA 50595 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Nonnecke, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM bnonneck@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 88 IS 8 BP 2718 EP 2729 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 946UA UT WOS:000230597300006 PM 16027185 ER PT J AU Lopez, H Caraviello, DZ Satter, LD Fricke, PM Wiltbank, MC AF Lopez, H Caraviello, DZ Satter, LD Fricke, PM Wiltbank, MC TI Relationship between level of milk production and multiple ovulations in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; multiple ovulation; milk production; anovulation ID BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; RISK-FACTORS; CIRCULATING STEROIDS; FOLLICLE SELECTION; PREGNANCY RATES; ESTROUS CYCLES; HOLSTEIN COWS; CATTLE; HEIFERS; ESTRUS AB Our objective was to evaluate factors associated with spontaneous multiple ovulations in lactating dairy cows. Ovaries of cows [n = 267; > 50 days in milk ( DIM)] were evaluated weekly using ultrasound to determine spontaneous ( i. e., no hormonal treatment) ovulation rate starting at 50 DIM and continuing until pregnancy diagnosis. Cows were fitted with a transmitter to record standing activity during estrus, and serum progesterone concentration was assessed weekly starting at wk 1 postpartum for all cows. Overall, 76 (28.5%) cows were anovular and 191 (71.5%) were ovular by 71 DIM. Incidence of anovulation was not associated with level of milk production but was associated with lower body condition. For anovular cows ( n = 41) that spontaneously recovered, the multiple ovulation rate at first ovulation was 46.3%. For second and subsequent ovulations ( n = 463), the level of milk production for 14 d preceding estrus was associated with increased ovulation rate. To illustrate, incidence of multiple ovulations was 1.6% (2/128), 16.9% (32/189), and 47.9% (70/146) for ovulations when cows were producing < 35, 35 to < 45, and >= 45 kg/d, respectively. Among cows for which estrous behavior was recorded, those with multiple ovulations ( n = 48) had shorter duration of estrus (4.3 +/- 0.7 vs. 9.9 +/- 0.5 h) and higher production (47.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 38.1 +/- 0.5 kg/d) than cows with single ovulations ( n = 237). Circulating concentrations of estradiol were lower (5.5 +/- 0.3; n = 15 vs. 7.8 +/- 0.4 pg/mL; n = 71) during periods of estrus with multiple ovulations despite a greater preovulatory follicular volume ( 4136 +/- 123 vs. 3085 +/- 110 mm(3)). Similarly, serum progesterone concentration 7 d after estrus was lower for cows with multiple than single ovulations (2.5 \+/- 0.3 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.1 ng/mL) despite a greater luteal volume ( 8291 +/- 516 vs. 6405 +/- 158 mm(3)). In summary, the first spontaneous ovulation in anovular cows and a higher level of milk production for 14 d preceding estrus were associated with increased multiple ovulation rate. Additionally, cows with multiple ovulations had lower estradiol at estrus, a shorter duration of estrus, and lower progesterone at 7 d after estrus than cows with single ovulations. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wiltbank, MC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wiltbank@wisc.edu RI Wiltbank, Milo/B-1506-2010; OI Fricke, Paul/0000-0002-1488-7672 NR 38 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 88 IS 8 BP 2783 EP 2793 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 946UA UT WOS:000230597300013 PM 16027192 ER PT J AU Li, Y McCrory, DF Powell, JM Saam, H Jackson-Smith, D AF Li, Y McCrory, DF Powell, JM Saam, H Jackson-Smith, D TI A survey of selected heavy metal concentrations in Wisconsin dairy feeds SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heavy metal; dairy feed; survey; Wisconsin ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; CADMIUM; ZINC; CATTLE; TOXICITY; ELEMENTS; ALFALFA; ENGLAND; MANURES AB Heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) are potential bioaccumulative toxins of the dairy production system. The heavy metal content of dairy feeds, however, remains poorly documented, particularly in the United States. This survey determined the heavy metal content of 203 typical dairy ration components sampled from 54 dairy farms in Wisconsin. Lowest heavy metal concentrations were found in homegrown alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay and haylage, and corn (Zea mays L.) grain and silage. Highest metal concentrations were found in purchased feeds, particularly mineral supplements, and to a lesser extent corn- or soybean-based concentrates. Zinc and Cu were found at the highest concentration in complete dairy ( total mixed and aggregated component) rations and reflected the deliberate addition of these metals to meet animal nutrient requirements although more than half the farms fed Cu and Zn above US recommended levels. Concentrations of Cr, As, Cd, and Pb were present in much lower concentrations and decreased in the order Cr>As>Pb>Cd. No complete Wisconsin dairy ration contained heavy metal concentrations above US maximum acceptable concentrations and would be unlikely to induce any toxic effects in dairy cattle. Concentrations of Cd in complete dairy rations were closest to US maximum acceptable concentrations, suggesting the greatest potential long-term risk to exceed US maximum acceptable concentrations if whole farm levels of Cd were to increase in the future. With the exception of Pb, the main sources of Zn, Cu, Cr, As, and Cd in the complete dairy feed ration originated from imported feed. The continued importation of heavy metals in dairy feed is likely to be associated with accumulation of these metals in soils where manure is applied. Although the cycling of many heavy metals through the dairy food chain will be limited by factors such as a soil's cation exchange capacity, pH, salinity, and phytotoxicity of the metal, these may be less limiting for Cd. It is important that sources of Cd in the dairy system are identified and minimized to prevent problems associated with Cd accumulation in the dairy soil system arising over the long-term. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Lab Environm Remediat, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Anthropol & Social Work, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jmpowel2@wisc.edu NR 43 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 88 IS 8 BP 2911 EP 2922 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 946UA UT WOS:000230597300027 PM 16027206 ER PT J AU Gengler, N Wiggans, GR Gillon, A AF Gengler, N Wiggans, GR Gillon, A TI Adjustment for heterogeneous covariance due to herd milk yield by transformation of test-day random regressions SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heterogeneous covariance; covariance; structure; test-day yield; random regression ID HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE; TEST-DAY RECORDS; GENETIC EVALUATION; DAIRY-CATTLE; VARIANCES; PARAMETERS; MODELS; COWS; COMPONENT; TRAITS AB A method of accounting for differences in covariance components of test-day milk records was developed based on transformation of regressions for random effects. Preliminary analysis indicated that genetic and nongenetic covariance structures differed by herd milk yield. Differences were found for phenotypic covariances and also for genetic, permanent environmental, and herd-time covariances. Heritabilities for test-day milk yield tended to be lower at the end and especially at the start of lactation; they also were higher (maximum of similar to 25%) for high-yield herds and lower (maximum of 15%) for low-yield herds. Permanent environmental variances were on average 10% lower in high-yield herds. Relative herd-time variances were similar to 10% at start of lactation and then began to decrease regardless of herd yield; high-yield herds increased in midlactation followed by another decrease, and medium-yield herds increased at the end of lactation. Regressors for random regression effects were transformed to adjust for heterogeneity of test-day yield covariances. Some animal reranking occurred because of this transformation of genetic and permanent environmental effects. When genetic correlations between environments were allowed to differ from 1, some additional animal reranking occurred. Correlations of variances of genetic and permanent-environmental regression solutions within herd, test-day, and milking frequency class with class mean milk yields were reduced with adjustment for heterogeneous covariance. The method suggests a number of innovative solutions to issues related to heterogeneous covariance structures, such as adjusted estimates in multibreed evaluation. C1 Natl Fund Sci Res, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Gembloux Agr Univ, Anim Sci Unit, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gengler, N (reprint author), Natl Fund Sci Res, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM gengler.n@fsagx.ac.be OI Gengler, Nicolas/0000-0002-5981-5509 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 88 IS 8 BP 2981 EP 2990 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 946UA UT WOS:000230597300033 PM 16027212 ER PT J AU Rotz, CA Zartman, DL Crandall, KL AF Rotz, CA Zartman, DL Crandall, KL TI Economic and environmental feasibility of a perennial cow dairy farm SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE extended lactation; farm simulation; economics; environment ID LACTATION; HERD; HOLSTEINS; MODEL AB More efficient and economical production systems are needed to improve the sustainability of dairy farms. One concept to consider is using perennial cows. Perennial cows are those that maintain a relatively high milk production for >= 2 yr without going through the typical dry period followed by calving. Farm records show that some cows have produced over 20 kg/d after 4 yr of continuous lactation. A farm simulation model was used to evaluate the long-term performance, environmental impact, and economics of a conceptual perennial cow production system on a typical dairy farm in Pennsylvania. Compared with a traditional 100-cow farm with replacement heifers produced on the farm, a perennial herd of 100 cows and purchased replacements provided environmental benefit but sustained a substantial economic loss. However, increasing the perennial herd to 128 cows better utilized the feed produced on the farm. Compared with the traditional 100-cow farm, use of the perennial 128-cow herd reduced supplemental protein and mineral feed purchases by 38%, increased annual milk sales by 21%, reduced nitrogen losses by 17%, maintained a phosphorus balance, and increased annual net return to farm management by $3200. A traditional 120-cow dairy farm with purchased replacements also used a similar amount of farm-produced feed. Compared with this option, the farm with 128 perennial cows reduced protein and mineral feed purchases by 36%, maintained similar annual milk sales, increased manure production by 7%, reduced N losses by 10%, and increased annual net return by $12,700. The economic feasibility of the perennial-cow dairy farm was very sensitive to the milk production maintained by the perennial herd and market prices for milk and perennial replacement animals. The analysis was relatively insensitive to the assumed useful life of perennial cows as long as they could be maintained in the herd for at least 3 yr. Thus, a perennial cow production system can improve the economic and environmental sustainability of a traditional dairy farm if a similar level in annual milk production per cow can be maintained. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. DHI Comp Serv Inc, Provo, UT 84605 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 88 IS 8 BP 3009 EP 3019 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 946UA UT WOS:000230597300036 PM 16027215 ER PT J AU Bosch, J Kemp, WP AF Bosch, J Kemp, WP TI Alfalfa leafcutting bee population dynamics, flower availability, and pollination rates in two Oregon alfalfa fields SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Megachile rotundata; alfalfa pollination; foraging behavior; immature mortality; Ascosphaera ID MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA HYMENOPTERA; NESTING SUCCESS; EMERGENCE; SURVIVAL; SEED; TEMPERATURES; ENVIRONMENT; YIELDS AB Since the 1970s, it has become increasingly difficult for U.S. alfalfa seed producers to maintain Megachile rotundata (F.) populations used for alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., pollination. In 1998, we monitored M. rotundata population dynamics and foraging behavior, as well as alfalfa bloom and pollination rates in two fields in eastern Oregon. Despite marked differences in bee management, establishment was very similar in the two fields (approximate to 0.5 females per nesting cavity) and lagged peak bloom by approximate to 2 wk. Pollination rates increased from 0-10% in the first 3 wk to 80-90% in week 4-5. By then, M. rotundata females had difficulty finding untripped (nonpollinated) flowers and visited large numbers of already tripped or not fully matured flowers. M.rotundata progeny mortality was very high (54-78%). Estimated seed yields were similar in both fields. We contend similar seed yields, and improved bee production, could be accomplished with smaller bee populations, better timed with alfalfa bloom. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Unitat Ecol, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bosch, J (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 46 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1086 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953DI UT WOS:000231056100002 PM 16156556 ER PT J AU Eischen, FA Graham, RH Cox, R AF Eischen, FA Graham, RH Cox, R TI Regional distribution of Paenibacillus larvae subspecies larvae, the causative organism of American foulbrood, in honey bee colonies of the western United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paenibacillus larvae; foulbrood; migratory pollination ID BACILLUS-LARVAE; APIS-MELLIFERA; RESISTANCE; DISEASE; SPORES; TYLOSIN; BEHAVIOR; ADULTS AB We examined honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies pollinating almonds in California during February 2003 for Paenibacillus larvae subsp. Larvae, the causative organism of the virulent brood disease American foulbrood. Colonies originating from the Rocky Mountain area and California had significantly higher numbers (P < 0.05) of bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) (408 and 324 per 30 adult bees, respectively) than colonies from the upper Midwest (1.28). Colonies from the northwestern, central, and southwestern United States had intermediate CFU or bacterial colony levels. Operations positive for P. larvae larvae were relatively uniform at approximate to 70-80%, and no regional significant differences were found. Percentages of colonies with high CFUs ( >= 400 per 30 bees) differed significantly, with those from the Rocky Mountain region having 8.73% compared with those of the upper Midwest with 0%. The significance of CFU levels was evaluated by inoculating healthy colonies with diseased immatures and sampling adult bees. The number of CFUs detected per diseased immature was conservatively estimated to be approximate to 399 CFUs per 30 adult bees. We defined this spore level as I disease equivalent. Based on this, 3.86% colonies in our survey bad I or more disease equivalent number of P. larvae larvae CFUs. Operations with high P. larvae larvae spore levels in their colonies will likely observe American foulbrood if prophylaxis is not practiced diligently. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Unit, SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Eischen, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Unit, SARC, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1087 EP 1093 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953DI UT WOS:000231056100003 PM 16156557 ER PT J AU James, RR AF James, RR TI Impact of disinfecting nesting boards on chalkbrood control in the alfalfa leakutting bee SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa leafcutting bee; Megachile rotundata; Ascosphaera aggregata; chalkbrood; disease control ID MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; LEAFCUTTING BEE; ASCOSPHAERA-AGGREGATA; GASEOUS OZONE AB The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), is a solitary, cavity-nesting bee that has been managed in large numbers to pollinate alfalfa, Medicago spp., seed crops since the 1960s. Propagation of these bees from 1 yr to the next has been seriously hampered by chalkbrood, a larval disease caused by the fungus Ascosphaera aggregata Skou. In the United States, attempts to control the disease have been fairly unsuccessful, but include removing nests from the nesting boards and then disinfecting the boards with heat treatments or a fumigant. The problem is that many boards are made of polystyrene (so heat cannot be used), and very few fumigants are registered for this use. In this study, ozone was tested as a fumigant and compared with heat treatments and methyl bromide fumigation. Ozone was found to be inadequate for killing A. aggregata spores and for reducing chalkbrood levels in the field. Methyl bromide and heat treatments did greatly reduce spore viability in the boards, but did not reduce chalkbrood levels in the field. Surprisingly, larvae in new nesting boards (boards free of contamination) and chalkbrood infection levels were similar to those from nests in contaminated, used boards. Disinfecting nesting boards may be necessary for controlling chalkbrood, but the results reported here indicate that it is not sufficient in and of itself. Some other source of spores was present in the field that was greater than the effect of contamination from the boards, but the source still needs to be determined. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1094 EP 1100 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953DI UT WOS:000231056100004 PM 16156558 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JW Whitehand, LC AF Armstrong, JW Whitehand, LC TI Effects of methyl bromide concentration, fumigation time, and fumigation temperature on Mediterranean and oriental fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) egg and larval survival SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean fruit fly; oriental fruit fly; methyl bromide; quarantine AB The effects of methyl bromide (MB) concentration (16,32,48, or 64g/m(3)), fumigation temperature (15, 20, 25, or 30 degrees C), and fumigation time interactions on the survival of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), eggs and first and third instars were recorded. Increasing the fumigation temperature from 15 to 20 degrees C or from 20 to 25 degrees C resulted in a significant reduction in fumigation time required for equivalent egg and larval mortalities at all studied MB concentrations; no further reductions in fumigation time resulted from increasing the temperature from 25 to 30 degrees C. Conversely, increasing temperature and time allowed for a reduction in MB concentration to obtain equivalent mortality. Thus, the optimum fumigation temperature for Mediterranean and oriental fruit fly eggs and larvae was 25 degrees C. Reducing MB concentrations required for phytosanitary fumigations would save time and expense, and reduce the amount of MB released into the atmosphere during aeration. Mediterranean fruit fly was as or more tolerant to MB than oriental fruit fly in MB tolerance for eggs and first instars. The egg stage was generally more tolerant to MB regardless of concentration. However, Mediterranean fruit fly eggs showed similar tolerance to first instars at 25 degrees C for the three highest concentrations and to third instars at 25 and 30 degrees C for the highest concentration, with no significant difference between them. Therefore, eggs alone can be used to obtain MB fumigation efficacy and quarantine security data at fumigation temperatures between 15 and 30 degrees C for Mediterranean and oriental fruit fly. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Armstrong, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1116 EP 1125 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953DI UT WOS:000231056100007 PM 16156561 ER PT J AU Hibbard, BE Vaughn, TT Oyediran, IO Clark, TL Ellersieck, MR AF Hibbard, BE Vaughn, TT Oyediran, IO Clark, TL Ellersieck, MR TI Effect of Cry3Bbl-expressing transgenic corn on plant-to-plant movement by western corn rootworm larvae (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE larval movement; resistance management; transgenic; Bacillus thuringiensis; Di-abrotica virgifera virgifera ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA LECONTE; SEED MIXTURES; ESTABLISHMENT; MITOCHONDRIAL; PROTEINS; STRATEGY AB Dispersal of larvae of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, in specific combinations of transgenic corn expressing the Cry3Bb1 protein and nontransgenic, isoline corn was evaluated in a 2-yr field study. In total, 1,500 viable western corn rootworm eggs were infested in each subplot. Each year, plant damage and larval recovery were evaluated among four pedigree combinations (straight transgenic; straight nontransgenic corn; nontransgenic corn with a transgenic central, infested plant; and transgenic corn with a nontransgenic central, infested plant) on six sample dates between egg hatch and pupation. For each subplot, the infested plant, three successive plants down the row (P1, P2, and P3), the closest plant in the adjacent row of the plot, and a control plant were sampled. The number of western corn rootworm larvae recovered from transgenic rootworm-resistant plants adjacent to infested nontransgenic plants was low and not statistically significant in either 2001 or 2002. In 2001, significantly fewer larvae were recovered from transgenic rootworm-resistant plants than from nontransgenic plants when both were adjacent to infested, nontransgenic plants. In 2002, significantly more neonate western corn rootworm, larvae were recovered from nontransgenic plants adjacent to infested, transgenic rootworm-resistant plants than nontransgenic plants adjacent to infested, nontransgenic plants on the second sample date. Together, these data imply that both neonate and later instar western corn rootworm larvae prefer nontransgenic roots to transgenic rootworm-resistant roots when a choice is possible. However, when damage to the infested, nontransgenic plant was high, western corn rootworm, larvae apparently moved to neighboring transgenic rootworm-resistant plants and caused statistically significant, although only marginally economic, damage on the last sample date in 2001. Implications of these data toward resistance management plan are discussed. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO 63198 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1126 EP 1138 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953DI UT WOS:000231056100008 PM 16156562 ER PT J AU Jang, EB Khrimian, A Holler, TC Casana-Giner, V Lux, S Carvalho, LA AF Jang, EB Khrimian, A Holler, TC Casana-Giner, V Lux, S Carvalho, LA TI Field response of Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) to Ceralure B1: Evaluations of enantiomeric B1 ratios on fly captures SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; lure; attractant; ceralure B1; trimedlure ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS; CERATITIS-CAPITATA WIEDEMANN; TRIMEDLURE; ATTRACTANTS; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; FLIES AB (-)-Ceralure B1 (ethyl-cis-5-iodo-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate), a male attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is significantly more attractive than trimedlure (tert-butyl esters of 4(5)-chloro-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate), the current standard male attractant used in detection programs. This article reports studies that compare the effectiveness of racemic ceralure B1, mixtures of racemic ceralure B1 and pure (-)-ceralure B1, and trimedlure in field tests conducted in Hawaii, Africa, and Spain with wild Mediterranean fruit flies and in Florida with sterile released Mediterranean fruit fly. Trapping results showed that doses of (-) -ceralure BI of 87.5 and 75% are just as effective as the 98% (-) -ceralure B1 and the racemic form to be almost as attractive. In nearly all studies, the racemic ceralure BI was significantly better than trimedlure. These studies suggest that the racemic ceralure BI could be a viable replacement for trimedlure in areawide detection programs for Mediterranean fruit fly. Synthesizing racemic ceralure B1 instead of a specific stereoselective enantiomer of ceralure BI would likely be more cost-effective to produce and also might be useful in control as well as detection of this pest. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA ARS, PSI, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Technol Quim, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Jang, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI Lux, Slawomir/G-1731-2012; OI Lux, Slawomir/0000-0001-5978-1145; Casana-Giner, Victor/0000-0002-8252-2608 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1139 EP 1143 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953DI UT WOS:000231056100009 PM 16156563 ER PT J AU Robertson, SP Hull, LA Calvin, DD AF Robertson, SP Hull, LA Calvin, DD TI Tufted apple bud moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) management model for processing apples based on early season pheromone trap capture SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE integrated pest management; apples; action thresholds; predictive model; Platynota idaeusalis ID PLATYNOTA-IDAEUSALIS LEPIDOPTERA; CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; CODLING MOTH; INSECTICIDE; WASHINGTON; PYRALIDAE; CATCHES; INJURY AB Sixteen years of archived tufted apple bud moth, Platynota. idaeusalis (Walker), trap capture data were compared with archived fruit injury data collected at the Penn State University Fruit Research and Extension Center to define the relationship of trap capture to fruit injury. Pheromone trap capture until 15 June was the best predictor of fruit injury at harvest. Using the regression equation of fruit injury on early season trap capture, and other assumptions about insecticide cost and fruit yield, a management model was developed for apple growers in the Mid-Atlantic region. When the model was tested on archived trap capture and fruit injury data, the results indicated that a grower would lose money on average by always treating and save money on average by never treating. By using the model, a grower could expect to save more money than by never treating. The model showed sensitivity to fruit price, insecticide price, and fruit yield. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Penn State Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Robertson, SP (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1229 EP 1235 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953DI UT WOS:000231056100021 PM 16156575 ER PT J AU McKenzie, CL Weathersbee, AA Puterka, GJ AF McKenzie, CL Weathersbee, AA Puterka, GJ TI Toxicity of sucrose octanoate to egg, nymphal, and adult Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) using a novel plant-based bioassay SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biorational; sugar ester; Bemisia argentifolii; silverleaf whitefly ID SUGAR ESTERS; BIORATIONAL INSECTICIDES; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; NICOTIANA-GOSSEI; B-BIOTYPE; TOMATO; FLORIDA; HYMENOPTERA; PSYLLIDAE; DISORDER AB The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), B biotype, presents a unique problem for vegetable growers by serving as a vector of plant viruses and by inducing physiological disorders of leaves and fruit. An action threshold of a single whitefly is necessary because of the threat of disease in many areas and growers rely heavily on a single class of insecticides (neonicotinoids) for whitefly control. Additional control methods are needed to manage this pest in commercial vegetables. Extracts of wild tobacco contain natural sugar esters that have previously been shown effective in controlling many soft-bodied insects. We developed a novel tomato leaf bioassay system to assess a Synthetic sugar ester derivative, sucrose octanoate, for insecticidal activity against the eggs, nymphs, and adults of B tabaci. The LC50 values for sucrose octanoate against adults, second instars, and fourth instars of the whitefly were 880,686, and 1,571 ppm, respectively. The LC50 against whitefly eggs was higher (11,446 ppm) but indicated that some egg mortality occurred at the recommended application rate of 0.8-1.2% (3,200-4,800 ppm [AI]). Toxicity of sugar esters to whitefly eggs has not been reported previously. The tomato leaf bioassay produced reliable and repeatable results for whitefly toxicity studies and predicted that effective nymph and adult whitefly control can be achieved with sucrose octanoate at application rates <= 1% (4,000 ppm [AI]). Field efficacy studies are warranted to determine whether this biorational pesticide has application in commercial tomato production. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP McKenzie, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RI Kumar, Vivek/B-8500-2011 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1242 EP 1247 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953DI UT WOS:000231056100023 PM 16156577 ER PT J AU Li, HR Oppert, B Higgins, RA Huang, FN Buschman, LL Zhu, KY AF Li, HR Oppert, B Higgins, RA Huang, FN Buschman, LL Zhu, KY TI Susceptibility of Dipel-resistant and -susceptible Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) to individual Bacillus thuringiensis protoxins SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cry protoxins; Bt resistance management; cross-resistance; European corn borer; Bt toxicity ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; BOLLWORM PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA; INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; BORDER MEMBRANE-VESICLES; BASE-LINE SUSCEPTIBILITY; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; DELTA-ENDOTOXINS; CROSS-RESISTANCE AB Dipel-resistant and -susceptible strains of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) were evaluated for larval mortality and growth inhibition when fed diets containing individual Bacillus thuringiensis protoxins. Resistance ratios for four of the protoxins in Dipel (Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry2Aa) were 170-, 205-, 524, and > 640-fold, respectively, considerably higher than the 47-fold resistance to Dipel. The Dipel-resistant strain was 36-fold resistant to Cry1Ba, a protoxin not present in Dipel. Another non-Dipel protoxin, Cry1Ca, did not cause significant mortality for either resistant or susceptible larvae with doses as high as 1.0 mg/ml. In an evaluation of larval growth inhibition, resistance to Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1Ba was significant at concentrations of 0.054 and 0.162 mu g/ ml. However, growth inhibition with Cry2Aa was not significant at either dose. These data provide information on the spectrum of resistance and cross-resistance to individual Cry protoxins in this strain. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Li, HR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1333 EP 1340 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953DI UT WOS:000231056100034 PM 16156588 ER PT J AU Toews, MD Campbell, JF Arthur, FH West, M AF Toews, MD Campbell, JF Arthur, FH West, M TI Monitoring Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) in pilot-scale warehouses treated with residual applications of (S)-hydroprene and cyfluthrin SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trapping; IPM; stored-product insects; contact insecticide; sampling ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; FLOUR BEETLES COLEOPTERA; WETTABLE POWDER; MALATHION RESISTANCE; SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP; CONFUSUM COLEOPTERA; GROWTH-REGULATORS; TRAP CATCH; SURFACES; SURVIVAL AB Pilot-scale warehouses, artificially infested with all life stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), were used to evaluate the efficacy of two contact insecticides, (S)-hydroprene and cyfluthrin, and to determine the effect of insecticide treatments on insect captures in food- and pheromone-baited pitfall traps. Two application strategies were compared; insecticides were applied at the labeled rate either around the inside perimeter of the warehouse or in a band around the base of shelf units containing discrete food patches (10 g of wheat Hour) infested with T castaneum. Insect populations were assessed weekly for 6 wk by recording number of dead adults on the warehouse floor; number of larvae and adults captured in pitfall traps; and number of larvae, pupae, and adults recovered from food patch samples. There were significantly more dead adults in warehouses treated with cyfluthrin than with (S)-hydroprene or water (control treatment). However, food patch samples showed no detectable differences in quantity of larvae, pupae, or adults among any treatments. Pitfall traps detected fewer larvae starting the fourth week of the study in the warehouses treated with cyfluthrin around the shelf perimeter. Rate of larval capture in traps increased overall with increasing larval populations, but it was more pronounced in traps located closer to the food patches. Number of adults captured in pitfall traps reflected adult mortality in cyfluthrin-treated warehouses. Capture of larvae and adults was greater near the source of the infestation than elsewhere in the warehouse, suggesting that trapping data should be considered when precision targeting insecticide applications in the field. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Toews, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 45 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1391 EP 1398 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953DI UT WOS:000231056100041 PM 16156595 ER PT J AU Booker, FL Fiscus, EL AF Booker, FL Fiscus, EL TI The role of ozone flux and antioxidants in the suppression of ozone injury by elevated CO2 in soybean SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; ascorbic acid; carbon dioxide; conductance; flux; Glycine max; ozone; soybean; starch; yield ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; INTERCELLULAR AIR SPACES; GLYCINE-MAX; RUBISCO ACTIVITY; PLANT-RESPONSES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; YIELD RESPONSES; O-3 DAMAGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WHEAT AB The projected rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to increase growth and yield of many agricultural crops. The magnitude of this stimulus will partly depend on interactions with other components of the atmosphere such as tropospheric O-3. Elevated CO2 concentrations often lessen the deleterious effects of O-3, but the mechanisms responsible for this response have received little direct examination. Previous studies have indicated that protection against O-3 injury by elevated CO2 can be attributed to reduced O-3 uptake, while other studies suggest that CO2 effects on anti-oxidant metabolism might also be involved. The aim of this experiment was to test further the roles of O-3 flux and antioxidant metabolism in the suppression of O-3 injury by elevated CO2. In a two-year experiment, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was exposed from emergence to maturity to charcoal-filtered air or charcoal-filtered air plus a range of O-3 concentrations in combination with ambient or approximately twice-ambient CO2 concentrations in open-top field chambers. Experimental manipulation of O-3 concentrations and estimates of plant O-3 uptake indicated that equivalent O-3 fluxes that suppressed net photosynthesis, growth, and yield at ambient concentrations of CO2 were generally much less detrimental to plants treated concurrently with elevated CO2. These responses appeared unrelated to treatment effects on superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and peroxidase activities and glutathione concentration. Total ascorbic acid concentration increased by 28-72% in lower canopy leaves in response to elevated CO2 and O-3 but not in upper canopy leaves. Increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 will likely ameliorate O-3 damage to many crops due to reduced O-3 uptake, increased carbon assimilation, and possibly as yet undetermined additional factors. The results of this study further suggest that elevated CO2 may increase the threshold O-3 flux for biomass and yield loss in soybean. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Booker, FL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fbooker@mindspring.com NR 67 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 56 IS 418 BP 2139 EP 2151 DI 10.1093/jxb/eri214 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 945PB UT WOS:000230513500016 PM 15983015 ER PT J AU Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Nou, XW Koohmaraie, M AF Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Nou, XW Koohmaraie, M TI Evaluation of culture- and PCR-based detection methods for Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in inoculated ground beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLEX PCR; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; UNITED-STATES; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLES; CATTLE; DECONTAMINATION; SALMONELLA; INFECTION AB Currently, several beef processors employ test-and-hold systems for increased quality control of ground beef. In such programs, each lot of product must be tested and found negative for Escherichia coli O157:H7 prior to release of the product into commerce. Optimization of three testing attributes (detection time, specificity, and sensitivity) is critical to the success of such strategies. Because ground beef is a highly perishable product, the testing methodology used must be as rapid as possible. The test also must have a low false-positive result rate so product is not needlessly discarded. False-negative results cannot be tolerated because they would allow contaminated product to be released and potentially cause disease. In this study, two culture-based and three PCR-based methods for detecting E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef were compared for their abilities to meet the above criteria. Ground beef samples were individually spiked with five genetically distinct strains of E. coli O157: H7 at concentrations of 17 and 1.7 CFU/65 g and then subjected to the various testing methodologies. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the abilities of the PCR-based methods to detect E. coli O157:H7 inoculated in ground beef at 1.7 CFU/65 g. The culture-based systems detected more positive samples than did the PCR-based systems, but the detection times (21 to 48 h) were at least 9 h longer than those for the PCR-based methods (7.5 to 12 h). Ground beef samples were also spiked with potentially cross-reactive strains. The PCR-based systems that employed an immunomagnetic separation step prior to detection produced fewer false-positive results. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Arthur, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM arthur@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1566 EP 1574 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 953BQ UT WOS:000231051200002 PM 21132961 ER PT J AU Narang, N Tamplin, ML Cray, WC AF Narang, N Tamplin, ML Cray, WC TI Effect of refrigerating delayed shipments of raw ground beef on the detection of Salmonella typhimurium SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PROBABLE-NUMBER; TRANSIENT TEMPERATURES; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; POULTRY FEED; SURVIVAL; PRODUCTS; STORAGE; ENRICHMENT; MEDIA AB In eight separate trials, four groups of raw ground beef samples were inoculated with 0.04 to 0.3 CFU/g of Salmonella Typhimurium (DT 104). Each group consisted of four 25-g samples (three inoculated and one uninoculated). After inoculation, these samples were shipped by overnight courier in shipping containers with ice packs from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Eastern Regional Research Center, in Wyndmoor, Pa., to the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), Eastern Laboratory, in Athens, Ga. A total of 128 samples (32 in each of four groups) were shipped. A temperature data logger was placed inside each shipping container to record the temperature during shipping and storage. The first group of ground beef samples was analyzed within approximately 1 h of arrival. The second group of samples was left in the original containers, with a gel ice pack, for 24 h before processing. The third and fourth groups of samples were removed from the original shipping containers and stored at room temperature (21 +/- 2 degrees C) for 6 h and then in a refrigerator at 4 +/- 2 degrees C for 24 and 48 h, respectively, before analysis. The samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella according to the USDA/FSIS Microbiological Laboratory Guidebook, chapter 4.02. There was no significant difference in the presence and levels of Salmonella in ground beef among the four test groups. These data show that it is acceptable to process the late-arriving ground beef samples for the detection of Salmonella if they are kept in a refrigerator (4 +/- 2 degrees C) for 24 to 48 h or when the shipments arrive late (24 h in the container with ice pack). C1 USDA, FSIS, Eastern Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Narang, N (reprint author), USDA, FSIS, Eastern Lab, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM neelam.narang@fsis.usda.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1581 EP 1586 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 953BQ UT WOS:000231051200004 PM 21132963 ER PT J AU Hwang, CA AF Hwang, CA TI Effect of mayonnaise pH and storage temperature on the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in ham salad and potato salad SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID READY-TO-EAT; COOKED MEAT-PRODUCTS; GROWTH; SALMONELLA; LACTATE; MICROBIOLOGY; ENTERITIDIS; DIACETATE; MODEL; FOODS AB This study examined and modeled the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in ham salad and potato salad as affected by the pH of mayonnaise and storage temperature. An eight-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes was inoculated on the surface of diced cooked ham or potato. The inoculated ham or potato was then mixed with regular mayonnaise (pH 3.8) or mayonnaise that was adjusted with NaOH to pH 4.2 or 4.6. The cell counts of L. monocytogenes in the salads during storage at 4, 8, or 12 degrees C were enumerated and used to model the behavior of L. monocytogenes in ham salad or potato salad. At each of the Storage temperatures, L. monocytogenes was able to grow in ham salad, whereas L. monocytogenes was inactivated in potato salad. The growth rate (log CFU per hour) in ham salad or the inactivation rate (log CFU per hour) in potato salad increased as the storage temperature increased. The duration before growth in ham salad or inactivation in potato salad increased as storage temperature decreased. The mayonnaise pH showed no consistent effect on the growth rate or inactivation rate and duration before growth or inactivation occurred. Mathematical equations that described the growth rate or inactivation rate of L. monocytogenes in both salads as a function of mayonnaise pH and storage temperature were generated and shown to be satisfactory in describing the growth rate or inactivation rate of L. monocytogenes in the ham salad or potato salad. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hwang, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ahwang@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1628 EP 1634 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 953BQ UT WOS:000231051200011 PM 21132970 ER PT J AU Rostagno, MH Hurd, HS McKean, JD AF Rostagno, MH Hurd, HS McKean, JD TI Resting pigs on transport trailers as an intervention strategy to reduce Salmonella enterica prevalence at slaughter SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL ORGANS; SWINE; TYPHIMURIUM; LAIRAGE; PORK; CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENT; INFECTION; WEIGHT; FECES AB Recent research has shown that much preharvest Salmonella enterica infection in pigs occurs immediately before slaughter during this rest period in the contaminated abattoir holding pens. The objective of this study was to evaluate a potential intervention strategy to reduce the prevalence of S. enterica-positive pigs at slaughter, which consisted of resting pigs prior to slaughter on their transport vehicle, instead of in the abattoir holding pen. Additionally, the effect of transportation of pigs from farm to the abattoir on S. enterica prevalence was investigated. A total of 120 animals were included in the experiment, divided in four replicates (n = 30 pigs per replicate). Fecal samples were collected from each animal at the farm and at the abattoir, where 15 randomly chosen pigs were unloaded and moved to a holding pen, while the remaining 15 pigs stayed in the transport trailer. After approximately 1.5 h of resting, both groups were slaughtered. Samples collected included distal ileum portion, cecal contents, and ileocecal lymph node. The overall S. enterica prevalence (pigs positive in at least one of the samples collected at slaughter) was higher for pigs held in the abattoir pens (40.7% versus 13.3%, P < 0.05). There was no difference (P > 0.05) for the S. enterica prevalence before and after transportation from farm to abattoir (5.8% versus 0.8%, respectively). This study demonstrates that resting pigs on the transport vehicle has the potential to decrease S. enterica levels entering the abattoir. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl ANim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hurd, HS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM shurd@iastate.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1720 EP 1723 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 953BQ UT WOS:000231051200026 PM 21132985 ER PT J AU Geveke, DJ AF Geveke, DJ TI UV inactivation of bacteria in apple cider SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; IRRADIATION; STRAINS; WATER AB Apple cider, inoculated with Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua, was processed using a simple UV apparatus. The apparatus consisted of a low-pressure mercury lamp surrounded by a coil of UV transparent tubing. Cider was pumped through the tubing at flow rates of 27 to 83 ml/min. The population of E. coli K-12 was reduced by 3.4 +/- 0.3 log after being exposed for 19 s at a treatment temperature of 25 degrees C. The population of L. innocua, which was more resistant to UV, was reduced by 2.5 +/- 0.1 log after being exposed for 58 s. The electrical energy for the process was 34 J/ml and is similar to that for conventional thermal processing. UV processing has the potential to improve the safety and extend the shelf life of apple cider. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dgeveke@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Diaz, Belen/B-8946-2012 NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1739 EP 1742 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 953BQ UT WOS:000231051200030 PM 21132989 ER PT J AU Kingsley, DH Guan, DS Hoover, DG AF Kingsley, DH Guan, DS Hoover, DG TI Pressure inactivation of hepatitis A virus in strawberry puree and sliced green onions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; OUTBREAK; FOOD; MULTISTATE AB Hepatitis A can be acquired by ingesting contaminated produce. To investigate the potential of high-pressure processing as an intervention strategy for virus in produce, strawberry puree and sliced green onions were inoculated with > 10(6) PFU of hepatitis A virus and treated with pressures ranging from 225 to 375 megapascals (MPa) in 25-MPa increments at ambient temperature. Subsequent virus extraction and plaque assay determined that hepatitis A virus was inactivated in strawberry puree and sliced green onions after 5-min exposures to pressures of 375 MPa with log PFU reductions of 4.32 and 4.75, respectively. Hepatitis A virus was equally sensitive in puree and onions at pressures >= 350 MPa. For treatments of < 325 MPa, the virus was more sensitive to pressure in strawberry puree than in sliced onions with log reductions of 1.2, 2.06, and 3.13 observed for strawberries and 0.28, 0.72, and 1.42 observed for onions after 5-min treatments at 250, 275, and 300 MPa, respectively. Although high-pressure processing may cause some organoleptic alterations to strawberries and onions, results show high-pressure processing will inactivate hepatitis A virus in these foods. C1 Delaware State Univ, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Kingsley, DH (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM dkingsle@desu.edu NR 23 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1748 EP 1751 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 953BQ UT WOS:000231051200032 PM 21132991 ER PT J AU Ransom, G AF Ransom, G CA Natl Advisory Comm Microbiological TI Considerations for establishing safety-based consume-by date labels for refrigerated ready-to-eat foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL CROSS-CONTAMINATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SMOKED SALMON; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; STRAINS; VARIABILITY; INHIBITION; STORAGE; HANDS C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, NACMCF Execut Secretariat, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ransom, G (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, NACMCF Execut Secretariat, Room 333 Aerosp Ctr,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM gerri.ransom@fsis.usda.gov NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1761 EP 1775 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 953BQ UT WOS:000231051200034 PM 21132993 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Hansen, JD Elfving, DC Tang, J Wang, S AF Drake, SR Hansen, JD Elfving, DC Tang, J Wang, S TI Hot water to control codling moth in sweet cherries: Efficacy and quality SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM IRRADIATION; POMONELLA L. LEPIDOPTERA; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; HEAT-TREATMENTS; FRUIT-QUALITY; TORTRICIDAE; MORTALITY; TOLERANCE AB Quarantine regulations require domestic cherries exported to Japan be treated to control for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The current procedure, methyl bromide fumigation, uses a restricted chemical, reduces fruit quality, and involves health, safety and environmental concerns. Single and double hot water dips were evaluated using fresh 'Bing' and 'Sweetheart' sweet cherries from Washington state as a potential replacement. The double dip procedure had a pretreatment bath at 40C for 5 min. For both procedures, submersions in heated water from 48 to 55C for 2-14 min were examined for treatment efficacy against third-instar codling moth and fruit quality. Although a 100% mortality response was found for each temperature and procedure, the submersion durations significantly damaged fruit and stem parameters for both cultivars. Thus, hot water dips are not feasible for Pacific Northwest cherries at this time. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. USDA ARS, YARL, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Bio Sys Eng, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM drake@tfrl.ars.usda.gov RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 361 EP 376 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2005.00042.x PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 972RQ UT WOS:000232471300005 ER PT J AU Sathivel, S Smiley, S Prinyawiwatkul, W Bechtel, PJ AF Sathivel, S Smiley, S Prinyawiwatkul, W Bechtel, PJ TI Functional and nutritional properties of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) enzymatic hydrolysates SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fish hydrolysates; fish byproducts; functional properties; red salmon ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; WHEY PROTEINS; SOLUBILITY; CASEIN AB The effects of different proteolytic enzymes and different reaction durations (25, 50, 75 min) on functional and nutritional properties of red (sockeye) salmon head hydrolysates, were evaluated. Degree of hydrolysis values for the 75-min digestion ranged from 6.4% to 16.7%. Oil yield (4.9% to 10.6%) from red salmon heads was affected by the enzyme used. Protein hydrolysate powders were yellowish and contained 62.3% to 64.8% protein with high levels of essential amino acids. Increased degree of hydrolysis values were weakly correlated with increased hydrolysate solubility. Maximum emulsion stability and fat adsorption were observed for the dried hydrolysate generated in the 25-min reaction time. Water adsorption of hydrolysate powders ranged from 1.0 mL to 3.3 mL water/g dried hydrolysate. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM sathivel@sfos.uaf.edu NR 33 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 70 IS 6 BP C401 EP C406 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 955MD UT WOS:000231229100009 ER PT J AU Widmer, W AF Widmer, W TI One tangerine/grapefruit hybrid (tangelo) contains trace amounts of furanocoumarins at a level too low to be associated with grapefruit/drug interactions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CYP3A4; furanocoumarin; psoralen; tangelo; tangerine; interaction ID JUICE; INHIBITION; COMPONENTS; DIMERS; CITRUS AB Tangelos are citrus hybrids with grapefruit and tangerine parentage and are a significant crop in Florida, marketed as specialty fruit. Because tangelos contain genetic material from grapefruit, there is the question of whether or not they contain furanocoumarins and exhibit an interaction with the drugs that have been associated with the grapefruit-drug interaction. Authentic samples of 13 tangerine-grapefruit hybrids (tangelos), I tangerine-orange hybrid, and I mandarin tangerine from Florida were obtained and screened for furanocoumarin monomer and dimer contents. None of the tangerine or tangerine hybrids were found to contain any furanocoumarins except for the K-Early variety, which contained trace amounts of 6,7-dihydroxybergamottin (0.028 ppm +/- 0.0034), bergapten (0.011 ppm +/- 0.005), and bergamottin (0.025 ppm +/- 0.011). These amounts are low and insignificant in that they are not at levels that would significantly inhibit CYP3A4 enzyme and affect absorption of drugs metabolized by this enzyme. This information presents strong evidence that the commercial tangerine and tangelo varieties grown in Florida are unlikely to cause any interaction with the drugs affected by grapefruit. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33880 USA. RP Widmer, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33880 USA. EM wwidmer@citrus.usda.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 70 IS 6 BP C419 EP C422 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 955MD UT WOS:000231229100012 ER PT J AU Lima, IM Guraya, HS AF Lima, IM Guraya, HS TI Optimization analysis of sunflower butter SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sunflower butter; sensory evaluation; optimization ID PEANUT BUTTER; PALM OIL; ACCEPTANCE AB A sunflower butter product was formulated and processing conditions were varied to study their effect on the overall sensory and physical characteristics of the final product. Amounts of salt, sugar, and stabilizer as well as roast level were optimized to yield a sunflower butter that most closely resembles peanut butter, in both physical and sensory quality. To produce a wide range of flavor, aroma, color, and texture attributes, 2 roasting levels (high and low), 2 sugar levels (7% and 9%), 2 salt levels (0.9% and 1.1%), and 3 stabilizer (Dritex-C) levels (1.6%, 1.7%, and 1.8%) were selected. Sunflower butter formulations were rated more "earthy" and less "salty" than peanut butter, but differences in the "sweet" attribute were small. Largest differences in the textural sensory attributes were denoted for the initial firmness and spreadability, with panel judging sunflower butter samples less spreadable and having a higher initial firmness. The panel rated sunflower butters more adhesive at the 1st bite; however, once chewed, sunflower butters were rated as less adhesive and higher on the "ease of swallow." Cluster analysis on sensory data revealed the "best" formulation to have 1.8% stabilizer, 7% sugar, 1.1% salt, and a low roast level. Cluster analysis on the instrumental hardness, adhesion, oil separation, and color profile revealed the formulation closest to the controls to have the same amount of sugar and roast level, but 1.6% of stabilizer and 0.9% salt instead. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Lima, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM imlima@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 12 U2 20 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 70 IS 6 BP S365 EP S370 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 955MD UT WOS:000231229100028 ER PT J AU Warner, K Gupta, M AF Warner, K Gupta, M TI Potato chip quality and frying oil stability of high oleic acid soybean oil SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flavor; frying; hexanal; linolenic acid; potato chips; soybean oil ID STORAGE STABILITY; LOW-LINOLENATE; SAFFLOWER OIL; CANOLA OILS; FLAVOR AB High oleic soybean (HOSBO) and low linolenic acid soybean (LLSBO) oils were evaluated individually and in a 1: 1 blend along with cottonseed oil (CSO) to determine frying oil stabilities and the flavor quality and stability of potato chips. Potato chips were fried in the oils for a total of 25 h. Potato chips and oils were sampled periodically for sensory data, gas chromatographic volatile compounds, free fatty acids, and total polar compounds. Total polar compounds levels decreased with increasing amounts of oleic acid. The LLSBO had the highest overall increase U (17.3%) in total polar compounds from 0 to 25 h of frying. Flavor evaluations of fresh and aged (0, 1, 3,5, and 7 wk at 25 degrees C) potato chips showed differences between potato chips fried in different off types. Potato chips fried in either LLSBO or in the 1:1 blend had significantly higher intensities of deep fried flavor than the chips fried in HOSBO. Potato chips fried in HOSBO, which had 2% linolenic acid and 1.3% linoleic acid, had significantly higher fishy flavor intensity than chips hied in the other oils. The presence of linoleic acid at a level lower than the amount of linolenic acid probably allowed for the fishy flavors from the degradation of linolenic acid in HOSBO to become more apparent than if the linoleic acid level was higher than linolenic acid. Hexanal was significantly higher in potato chips fried in LLSBO than in the chips fried in the other oils, indicating low oxidative stability during storage. Blending HOSBO with LLSBO in a 1:1 ratio not only improved flavor quality of chips compared with those fried in HOSBO, but also improved oil fry life and oxidative stability of chips compared with LLSBO. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. MG Edible Oil Int, Dallas, TX USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM warnerk@ncaur.usda.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 70 IS 6 BP S395 EP S400 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 955MD UT WOS:000231229100033 ER PT J AU Wren, DG Bennett, SJ Barkdoll, BD Kuhnle, RA AF Wren, DG Bennett, SJ Barkdoll, BD Kuhnle, RA TI Variability in suspended-sediment concentration over mobile sand beds SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE suspended sediment; sediment transport; sediment concentration; bedforms; error analysis ID RIVER; DISCHARGE; TRANSPORT AB Lateral and longitudinal variability in suspended-sediment concentration was investigated over dune and upper-regime plane beds under steady, uniform flow in a laboratory flume. A much greater sampling time was required to reliably predict mean concentration in a dune bed than for an upper-regime plane bed. Laterally separated, simultaneous samples over both dune and upper-regime plane beds were poorly correlated. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Wren, DG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2005 VL 131 IS 8 BP 733 EP 736 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:8(733) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 949SO UT WOS:000230808600010 ER PT J AU Novotny, JA AF Novotny, JA TI What can pharmacokinetic models tell us about the disposition of lycopene and the potential role of lycopene in cancer prevention? SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Promises and Perils of Lycopena/Tomato Supplementation and Cancer Prevention CY FEB 17-18, 2005 CL British Inst Int Comparat Law, Bethesda, MD SP Div Canc Prevent, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Ctr Canc Res, Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept DHHS, Agr Res Serv HO British Inst Int Comparat Law DE lycopene; mathematical modeling; pharmacokinetics ID INCREASES PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; BETA-CAROTENE; CONSUMPTION; PRODUCTS; HUMANS; JUICE C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM novotnyj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 135 IS 8 BP 2048S EP 2049S PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 972TQ UT WOS:000232476500038 PM 16046738 ER PT J AU Wang, XD AF Wang, XD TI Can smoke-exposed ferrets be utilized to unravel the mechanisms of action of lycopene? SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Promises and Perils of Lycopena/Tomato Supplementation and Cancer Prevention CY FEB 17-18, 2005 CL British Inst Int Comparat Law, Bethesda, MD SP Div Canc Prevent, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Ctr Canc Res, Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept DHHS, Agr Res Serv HO British Inst Int Comparat Law DE lycopene; excentric cleavage; ferret; IGFBP-3; cancer prevention ID BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION; FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-3; CELL LUNG-CANCER; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; PROSTATE-CANCER; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; ACID; PROLIFERATION; DAMAGE; RISK C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 135 IS 8 BP 2053S EP 2056S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 972TQ UT WOS:000232476500040 PM 16046740 ER EF